CABEALHO RETIRADO

GUIADE

INSTALAOE
CONFIGURAO
DONAGIOS
LINUX

Regis Soares Machado Administrador de Redes <regiswork[at]gmail.com>

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NDICE
1PRINSTALAO......................................................................................................................3
1.1ONagios.................................................................................................................................3
1.2Requisitos................................................................................................................................3
1.3Licena....................................................................................................................................3
1.4Observaes............................................................................................................................3
2INSTALAO...............................................................................................................................4
2.1Adiodousurio/grupo'nagios'aoSistema.........................................................................4
2.2Download,DescompactaoeInstalaodoNagiosedosplugins.......................................4
2.3ConfiguraodaInterfaceWebApache..............................................................................5
2.4ConfiguraodoNagios.........................................................................................................6
2.4.1Configuraoutilizandoseoarquivominimal.cfg.........................................................6
2.4.2Configuraoutilizandosearquivosespecficosparacadaitem...................................6
2.4.2.1nagios.cfg................................................................................................................7
2.4.2.2cgi.cfg......................................................................................................................7
2.4.2.3timeperiods.cfg........................................................................................................7
2.4.2.4checkcommands.cfg................................................................................................7
2.4.2.5contacts.cfg..............................................................................................................8
2.4.2.6contactgroups.cfg....................................................................................................8
2.4.2.7hosts.cfg...................................................................................................................8
2.4.2.8hostgroups.cfg.........................................................................................................9
2.4.2.9services.cfg..............................................................................................................9
2.5ChecagemdaConfiguraoeInicializaodoNagios........................................................11
2.6MonitoramentodaRede........................................................................................................12
2.7ExecuodePluginsemHostsRemotosAddonNRPE....................................................12
2.7.1Adiodousurio/grupo'nagios'aosHostsRemotos..................................................12
2.7.1.1HostRemotoLinux...............................................................................................12
2.7.1.2HostRemotoFreeBSD..........................................................................................12
2.7.2Download,InstalaoeConfiguraodoNRPEnosHostsRemotos..........................13
2.7.2.1HostRemotoLinux...............................................................................................13
2.7.2.2HostRemotoFreeBSD..........................................................................................13
2.7.2.3AmbosLinuxeFreeBSD......................................................................................14
2.7.3ConfiguraodoNRPEnoHostLocal(Nagios)..........................................................14
2.7.4InicializaodoNRPEnosHostsRemotos..................................................................16
2.8InicializaoAutomticadoSistemadeMonitoramento.....................................................16
2.8.1IniciandooNagioscomoBootdoSistema(HostLocal).............................................16
2.8.2IniciandooNRPEcomoBootdoSistema(HostsRemotos).......................................17
2.8.2.1Mtodo1INETDouXINETD...........................................................................17
2.8.2.2Mtodo2EdiodeArquivosdeInicializao..................................................17
2.8.2.2.1HostRemotoLinux(Arquivorc.local)..........................................................17
2.8.2.2.2HostRemotoFreeBSD(Arquivorc.conf).....................................................17
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1 PR-INSTALAO
1.1 O Nagios
ONagiosumaplicativodemonitoramentodesistemasederedes.Elechecaclienteseservios,porvocespecificados,
alertandoquandoascoisasestoindomalouserestabelecendo.
ONagiosfoioriginalmentedesenhadopararodarnoLinux,apesardelepoderfuncionarnamaioriadosunices.Paramais
informaessobreemqualsistemaoperacionaloNagiosir,ouno,funcionar,vejaapginadeportabilidadeemsistemas
operacionais,acessvelemhttp://www.nagios.org/ports.shtml.
AlgumadasvriasferramentasdoNagiosincluem:
Monitoramentoderedeeservios(SMTP,POP3,HTTP,NNTP,PING,etc.);
Monitoramentodosrecursosdeclientes(cargadeprocessador,usodedisco,etc.);
Organizaosimplesdepluginsquepermiteaosusuriosdesenvolveremseusprpriosserviosdechecagem;
Checagemparaleladeservios;
Habilidadeparadefinirhierarquiaderedesdeclientesusandoclientespais(parenthosts),permitindoadetecoe
distinoentreclientesqueestodesativadoseaquelesqueestoinalcanveis;
Notificaodecontatosquandoproblemasemservioseclientesocorreremouforemresolvidos(viaemail,pager,ou
mtodosdefinidospelousurio);
Habilidadeparadefinirtratadoresdeeventos(eventhandlers)queseroexecutadosduranteeventosdeserviosou
clientesnatentativaderesoluodeproblemas;
Rotatividadeautomticadearquivosdelogs;
Suporteparaimplementaodeclientesdemonitoramentoredundantes;
Interfacewebparavisualizaodostatusatualdarede,histricodenotificaeseproblemas,arquivosdelog,etc.

1.2 Requisitos
AnicaexignciapararodaroNagiosterumcomputadorrodandoLinux(ouvariantesdoUNIX)eumcompiladorC.
VocprovavelmentenecessitarteroTCP/IPconfiguradojqueamaioriadaschecagensdeserviosserofeitasatravsdarede.
VocnoobrigadoausarosCGIsincludoscomoNagios.Noentanto,sevocoptarporuslos,vocprecisardos
seguintesprogramasinstalados:
1)UmservidorWeb(deprefernciaApache);
2)BibliotecaGD(gdlibrary)deThomasBoutellverso1.6.3ousuperior(exigidapelasCGIsstatusmapetrends).

1.3 Licena
ONagiosdistribudosobostermosdaGNUGeneralPublicLicenseVerso2comofoipublicadopelaFreeSoftware
Foundation.Istolhegarantepermissodecopiar,distribuiremodificaroNagiossobcertascondies.Leiaoarquivo'LICENSE'
queveionadistribuiodoNagiosouleiaaversoonlinedalicenaparamaioresdetalhes.
ONagiosfornecidoSEMQUALQUERGARANTIADEQUALQUERTIPO,INCLUINDOAGARANTIADE
DESENHO,MECANTIBILIDADEEADEQUAOPARAUMPROPSITOPARTICULAR.

1.4 Observaes
OManualdoNagiospodeserbaixadodoendereowww.nagios.org/docs.UmaversotraduzidadoManualpodeser
encontradaemhttp://www2.dcc.ufmg.br/~leoh/nagios.Ostrsitensacima(1.1,1.2e1.3),porexemplo,foramextradosdessa
ltima.Destarte,meussincerosagradecimentosaLeonardoHenriqueMachado,mantenedordosite,pelotimotrabalhorealizado.
Aleituradeumdessesdocumentos,previamenteinstalaodoNagios,altamenterecomendvel.
OSistemaOperacionalutilizadocomobaseparaaelaboraodesseguiafoioRedHat9comkernellinux2.4.22.
NagioseologotipoNagiossomarcasregistradasdeEthanGalstad.Todosasdemaismarcas,servicemarks,marcas
registradas,eservicemarksregistradosdeveroserdepropriedadedeseu(s)respectivo(s)dono(s).

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2 INSTALAO
2.1 Adio do usurio/grupo 'nagios' ao Sistema
#addusernagios1

2.2 Download,
Download, Descompactao e Instalao do Nagios e dos plugins
#mkdir/home/nagios/tmp
>FazerodownloaddoNagiosedosplugins(www.nagios.org/download)paraodiretrioacima.
#cd/home/nagios/tmp
#lsa

.
nagios2.0.tar.gz
..
nagiosplugins1.4.2.tar.gz

>Descompactarosarquivos:
#tarxvfz<nome_do_arquivo_do_Nagios>(ex.:#tarxvfznagios2.0.tar.gz)
#tarxvfz<nome_do_arquivo_dos_plugins>(ex.:#tarxvfznagiosplugins1.4.2.tar.gz)
>EntrarnodiretriodoNagioscriado(ex.:#cd/home/nagios/tmp/nagios2.0).
>RodaroscriptdeconfiguraodoNagios(Paraverasopes:#./configurehelp):
prefix:diretriodeinstalaodoNagios;
withnagiosuser:usuriopadro;
withnagiosgroup:grupopadro;
withhtmurl:endereowebdeacessoaoNagios(padro:http://<endereo_local>/nagios);
withcgiurl:endereowebdosCGIs(padro:http://<endereo_local>/nagios/cgibin).
#./configureprefix=/usr/local/nagioswithnagiosuser=nagioswithnagiosgroup=nagioswithhtmurl=/nagioswith
cgiurl=/nagios/cgibin

***Configurationsummaryfornagios2.002072006***:

GeneralOptions:

Nagiosexecutable:nagios
Nagiosuser/group:nagios,nagios
Commanduser/group:nagios,nagios
EmbeddedPerl:no
EventBroker:yes
Install${prefix}:/usr/local/nagios
Lockfile:${prefix}/var/nagios.lock
Initdirectory:/etc/rc.d/init.d
HostOS:linuxgnu

WebInterfaceOptions:

HTMLURL:http://localhost/nagios/
CGIURL:http://localhost/nagios/cgibin/
Traceroute(usedbyWAP):/usr/sbin/traceroute

#makeall
1

(Compilaosfontes)

Nesseguiacomoumtodo,aslinhasiniciadaspelocaractere'#'referemseacomandosaserementradosnomodoshell.Ostrechosquese
encontramentrelinhaspontilhadas,quandonosetrataremdeobservaes,referemsearesultadosobtidoscomaentradadocomandoquelhes
antecede.

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#makeinstall
#makeinstallinit
#makeinstallcommandmode
#makeinstallconfig

(Instalaoprogramaprincipal,asCGIseosarquivosHTML)
(Instalaoscriptdeinicializaoem/etc/rc.d/init.d)
(Instalaeconfigurapermissesparaodiretrioqueconteroarquivodecomandosexternos)
(Instalaarquivosdeconfiguraodeexemplo[*SAMPLE*]em/usr/local/nagios/etc)

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CABEALHO RETIRADO
>Irparaodiretrioondeforambaixadososplugins:(ex.:#cd/home/nagios/tmp/nagiosplugins1.4.2)

OBS.:Parapoderemserusados,algunsdospluginsprecisamquesetenhainstaladosnocomputadorcertosprogramase/ou
bibliotecasespecficos.Nocasodainexistnciadessesltimosnamquina,ospluginsdelesdependentesgeralmentenoso
compilados.Destarte,antesdeseiniciarainstalaodospluginsrecomendvelaleituradoarquivoREQUIREMENTS.

>Rodaroscriptdeconfiguraodosplugins(Paraverasopes:#./configurehelp):
#./configureprefix=/usr/local/nagioswithnagiosuser=nagioswithnagiosgroup=nagios
#makeall
#makeinstall

OBS.:Casoseexperimentealgumproblemarelativoaacesso,podesernecessrioalteraralgumaspermisses.
>DiretriodeinstalaodoNagios(/usr/local/nagios):#chownnagios:nagios/usr/local/nagios
>Diretriodeinstalaodosplugins(/usr/local/nagios/libexec):#chownnagios:nagios/usr/local/nagios/libexec
>Arquivosdosplugins:#chownnagios:nagios/usr/local/nagios/libexec/*

2.3 Configurao da Interface Web Apache

>Localizaroarquivohttpd.conf:
#find/namehttpd.conf(ex.:/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf)
#vi/.../httpd.conf(colocarocaminhocorreto)
>Editaroarquivo,adicionandoaslinhasabaixo:
###############################################################################
#HTML(http://localhost/nagios)ANDCGIAPACHEAUTHENTICATION
###############################################################################
ScriptAlias/nagios/cgibin"/usr/local/nagios/sbin"
<Directory"/usr/local/nagios/sbin">
AllowOverrideAuthConfig
OptionsExecCGI
Orderallow,deny
Allowfromall
AuthName"NagiosAccess"
AuthTypeBasic
AuthUserFile/usr/local/nagios/etc/htpasswd.users
requirevaliduser
</Directory>
Alias/nagios"/usr/local/nagios/share"
<Directory"/usr/local/nagios/share">
AllowOverrideAuthConfig
OptionsNone
Orderallow,deny
Allowfromall
AuthName"NagiosAccess"
AuthTypeBasic
AuthUserFile/usr/local/nagios/etc/htpasswd.users
requirevaliduser
</Directory>
###############################################################################
>CriaroarquivocomousurioesenhadeacessoaoNagios:
#htpasswdc/usr/local/nagios/etc/htpasswd.usersusuario1
>ReiniciaroApache:
#/usr/sbin/httpdkrestart

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>Apsisso,jdeveserpossvelvisualizarainterfacewebdoNagiosapartirdoendereohttp://localhost/nagiosnonavegador.
Entretanto,asCGIsnoforneceroinformaoalguma(aindanecessrioconfigurarcorretamenteoNagios).

OBS.:Casoseexperimentealgumproblemarelativoaacesso,podesernecessrioalteraraspermissesdoarquivohtpasswd.users:
#chownapache:apache/usr/local/nagios/etc/htpasswd.users(verificarousurioegrupodoApache).

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CABEALHO RETIRADO
2.4 Configurao do Nagios
>Fazerbackupdosarquivosdeexemplo:
#mkdir/usr/local/nagios/etc/sample
#cp/usr/local/nagios/etc/*.cfgsample/usr/local/nagios/etc/sample
>Renomearosarquivos.cfgsamplepara.cfg:
#foriin*cfgsample;domv$i`echo$i|sedes/cfgsample/cfg/`;done;

OBS.:Seocomandoacimanofuncionar,renomearumporum(ex.:#mvcgi.cfgsamplecgi.cfg).

2.4.1 Configurao utilizando-se o arquivo minimal.cfg

>Descriodosarquivosdeconfiguraoutilizados:
nagios.cfg:arquivoprincipaldeconfiguraodoNagios;
cgi.cfg:arquivodeconfiguraodasCGIs;
minimal.cfg:arquivodeconfiguraominimalstico(utilizadosobretudoparafinsdetestedainstalaodoNagios);
resource.cfg:arquivocontendomacrosdefinidaspelousurio.
>Paratestar,primeiroediteoarquivonagios.cfg(#vinagios.cfg),comentandoaslinhasabaixo:
cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/checkcommands.cfg >#cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/checkcommands.cfg
cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/misccommands.cfg >#cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/misccommands.cfg
>Editeoarquivominimal.cfg(contacts,hosts,services)paraqueestefiquedeacordocomasconfiguraesdesejadas:
#viminimal.cfg

OBS.:Adescrioeumdetalhamentomaiordosdiferentesitensdessearquivo(TimePeriods,Commands,Contacts...)podemser
encontradosnasseesObjectDefinitionseTemplateBasedObjectConfigurationdoManualdoNagios.

2.4.2 Configurao utilizando-se arquivos especficos para cada item

>Aoinvsdeseutilizarumnicoeextensoarquivodeconfigurao(minimal.cfg),possvelsepararessearquivoemumasrie
dearquivosdistintos,cadaumcontendoasinformaesrelativasaapenasumitemespecficodeconfigurao.
>Descriodosarquivosdeconfiguraoutilizados:
nagios.cfg,cgi.cfg,resource.cfg:descritosnoitemanterior;
timeperiods.cfg:definiesdehorriosconsideradosvlidosparaarealizaodechecagenseenviodenotificaes;
checkcommands.cfg:definiesdoscomandosdechecagemdehostseservios;
misccommands.cfg:definiesdoscomandosdenotificaoedeprocessamentodedadosdeperformance;
contacts.cfg:indivduosque,possivelmente,deverosernotificadosnocasodeproblemasnarede;
contactgroups.cfg:usadoparajuntaroscontatosemgrupos,parafinsdeenviodealertas/notificaes;
hosts.cfg:defineservidores,estaesdetrabalhoedemaisdispositivosdaredeemgeral;
hostgroups.cfg:usadoparajuntaroshostsemgrupos,parafinsdesuaexibionasCGIs;
services.cfg:identificamosserviosqueestosendomonitoradosnosdiferenteshosts;
servicegroups.cfg:usadoparajuntarosserviosemgrupos,parafinsdesuaexibionasCGIs;
servicedependencies.cfg:permiteasupressodechecagensenotificaesparaumservio,combasenostatusdeoutro(s);
serviceescalations.cfg:permiteoescalonamentodenotificaesparaumdeterminadoservio;
hostdependencies.cfg:permiteasupressodechecagensenotificaesparaumhost,combasenostatusdeoutro(s);
hostescalations.cfg:permiteoescalonamentodenotificaesparaumdeterminadohost;
ext_host_info.cfg:usadoparaincrementarasadadasCGIsstatus,statusmap,statuswrleextinfo;
ext_service_info.cfg:usadoparaincrementarasadadasCGIsstatuseextinfo.

OBS.:Paraoscasosemqueosarquivosdescritosnoexistirempreviamente(timeperiods.cfg,hosts.cfg,hostgroups.cfg...),eles
deverosercriados(ex.:#vihosts.cfg),copiandoseecolandoseaparterelativaaosmesmosconstantenoarquivominimal.cfg.

>Percebaquenemtodososarquivosdescritossoestritamentenecessrios.Entretanto,elespoderoserusadosnoscasosemque

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CABEALHO RETIRADO
sedesejerealizarumaconfiguraomaisavanadadoNagios(fazendoseusodedependnciaseescalonamentos,porexemplo).
Nonossocaso,noutilizaremosnenhumdosarquivosapartirdeservicegroups.cfg,inclusive.Emtodocaso,conformejdito
anteriormente,possvelencontraradescrioeumdetalhamentomaiordosdiferentesitensqueirocomporosarquivosacima
nasseesObjectDefinitionseTemplateBasedObjectConfigurationdoManualdoNagios.

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2.4.2.1 nagios.cfg
#vinagios.cfg
>Comentaralinhareferenteaoarquivodeconfiguraominimalstico(minimal.cfg):
cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/minimal.cfg>#cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/minimal.cfg
>Descomentaraslinhasreferentesaosarquivosdeconfiguraoqueseroutilizados:
#cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/timeperiods.cfg
>cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/timeperiods.cfg
#cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/checkcommands.cfg >cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/checkcommands.cfg
#cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/misccommands.cfg >cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/misccommands.cfg
#cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/contacts.cfg
>cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/contacts.cfg
#cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/contactgroups.cfg >cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/contactgroups.cfg
#cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/hosts.cfg
>cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/hosts.cfg
#cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/hostgroups.cfg
>cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/hostgroups.cfg
#cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/services.cfg
>cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/services.cfg
>Alteraraopodeformataodadata(DATEFORMATOPTION)paraopadroeuropeu:
date_format=us >date_format=euro

2.4.2.2 cgi.cfg
#vicgi.cfg
>Realizarasalteraesabaixo(edescomentar,seforocaso):
use_authentication=1
authorized_for_system_information=usuario1
authorized_for_configuration_information=usuario1
authorized_for_systemcommands=usuario1
authorized_for_all_services=usuario1
authorized_for_all_hosts=usuario1
authorized_for_all_service_commands=usuario1
authorized_for_all_host_commands=usuario1

2.4.2.3 timeperiods.cfg
#vitimeperiods.cfg
>Realizarasalteraesabaixo:
###############################################################################
#TIMEPERIODS
###############################################################################

definetimeperiod{
timeperiod_name
24x7
alias
24HoursADay,7DaysAWeek
sunday
00:0024:00
monday
00:0024:00
tuesday
00:0024:00
wednesday
00:0024:00
thursday
00:0024:00
friday
00:0024:00
saturday
00:0024:00
}

2.4.2.4 checkcommands.cfg
#vicheckcommands.cfg
>Realizaraseguintealteraonadefiniodocomando'check_local_procs':
$USER1$/check_procsw$ARG1$c$ARG2$s$ARG3$>$USER1$/check_procsw$ARG1$c$ARG2$

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CABEALHO RETIRADO
2.4.2.5 contacts.cfg
#vicontacts.cfg
>Realizarasalteraesabaixo:
###############################################################################
#CONTACTS
###############################################################################

definecontact{
contact_name
usuario1
alias
Usuario1
service_notification_period
24x7
host_notification_period
24x7
service_notification_options
w,u,c,r
host_notification_options
d,u,r
service_notification_commands notifybyemail
host_notification_commands
hostnotifybyemail
email
email@localhost.localdomain#Enderecodeemaildousuario1.
}

2.4.2.6 contactgroups.cfg
#vicontactgroups.cfg
>Realizarasalteraesabaixo:
###############################################################################
#CONTACTGROUPS
###############################################################################

definecontactgroup{
contactgroup_name
admins
alias
AdministradoresdoNagios
members
usuario1
}

2.4.2.7 hosts.cfg
#vihosts.cfg
>Realizarasalteraesabaixo:
###############################################################################
#HOSTS
###############################################################################

#Template!
definehost{
name
generichost;Thenameofthishosttemplate
notifications_enabled
1;Hostnotificationsareenabled
event_handler_enabled
1;Hosteventhandlerisenabled
flap_detection_enabled
1;Flapdetectionisenabled
failure_prediction_enabled
1;Failurepredictionisenabled
process_perf_data
1;Processperformancedata
retain_status_information
1;Retainstatusinformationacrossprogramrestarts
retain_nonstatus_information
1;Retainnonstatusinformationacrossprogramrestarts
register
0;DONTREGISTERITSNOTAREALHOST,JUSTATEMPLATE!
}

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CABEALHO RETIRADO
#Localhost
definehost{
use
host_name
alias
address
check_command
max_check_attempts
notification_interval
notification_period
notification_options
contact_groups
}

generichost;Nameofhosttemplatetouse
localhost
localhost
127.0.0.1
checkhostalive
10
120
24x7
d,r
admins

2.4.2.8 hostgroups.cfg
#vihostgroups.cfg
>Realizarasalteraesabaixo:
###############################################################################
#HOSTGROUPS
###############################################################################

definehostgroup{
hostgroup_name
servers
alias
Servidores
members
localhost
}

2.4.2.9 services.cfg
#viservices.cfg
>Realizarasalteraesabaixo:
###############################################################################
#
#SERVICES
#
###############################################################################

###############################################################################
#LOCALHOSTNAGIOS
###############################################################################
#Template!
defineservice{
name
active_checks_enabled
passive_checks_enabled
parallelize_check
obsess_over_service
check_freshness
notifications_enabled
event_handler_enabled
flap_detection_enabled
failure_prediction_enabled

genericservice;Thenameofthisservicetemplate
1;Activeservicechecksareenabled
1;Passiveservicechecksareenabled/accepted
1;Activeservicechecksshouldbeparallelized
#(disablingthiscanleadtomajorperformanceproblems)
1;Weshouldobsessoverthisservice(ifnecessary)
0;DefaultistoNOTcheckservice'freshness'
1;Servicenotificationsareenabled
1;Serviceeventhandlerisenabled
1;Flapdetectionisenabled
1;Failurepredictionisenabled

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12

CABEALHO RETIRADO
process_perf_data
retain_status_information
retain_nonstatus_information
register
}

1;Processperformancedata
1;Retainstatusinformationacrossprogramrestarts
1;Retainnonstatusinformationacrossprogramrestarts
0;DONTREGISTERITSNOTAREALSERVICE,JUSTATEMPLATE!

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13

CABEALHO RETIRADO
#Serviodechecagemdoespaoemdisconapartiorootdamquinalocal.
#Warningse<20%livre,Criticalse<10%livre.
defineservice{
use
genericservice;Nameofservicetemplatetouse
host_name
localhost
service_description
RootPartition
is_volatile
0
check_period
24x7
max_check_attempts
4
normal_check_interval
5
retry_check_interval
1
contact_groups
admins
notification_options
w,u,c,r
notification_interval
960
notification_period
24x7
check_command
check_local_disk!20%!10%!/
}
#Serviodechecagemdonmerodeusurioscorrentementelogadosnamquinalocal.
#Warningse>20usurios,Criticalse>50usurios.
defineservice{
use
genericservice;Nameofservicetemplatetouse
host_name
localhost
service_description
CurrentUsers
is_volatile
0
check_period
24x7
max_check_attempts
4
normal_check_interval
5
retry_check_interval
1
contact_groups
admins
notification_options
w,u,c,r
notification_interval
960
notification_period
24x7
check_command
check_local_users!20!50
}
#Serviodechecagemdonmerodeprocessoscorrentementerodandonamquinalocal.
#Warningse>250processos,Criticalse>400processos.
defineservice{
use
genericservice;Nameofservicetemplatetouse
host_name
localhost
service_description
TotalProcesses
is_volatile
0
check_period
24x7
max_check_attempts
4
normal_check_interval
5
retry_check_interval
1
contact_groups
admins
notification_options
w,u,c,r
notification_interval
960
notification_period
24x7
check_command
check_local_procs!250!400
}

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14

CABEALHO RETIRADO
#Serviodechecagemdacarganamquinalocal.
defineservice{
use
genericservice;Nameofservicetemplatetouse
host_name
localhost
service_description
CurrentLoad
is_volatile
0
check_period
24x7
max_check_attempts
4
normal_check_interval
5
retry_check_interval
1
contact_groups
admins
notification_options
w,u,c,r
notification_interval
960
notification_period
24x7
check_command
check_local_load!5.0,4.0,3.0!10.0,6.0,4.0
}
#Serviode"ping"damquinalocal
defineservice{
use
genericservice;Nameofservicetemplatetouse
host_name
localhost
service_description
PING
is_volatile
0
check_period
24x7
max_check_attempts
4
normal_check_interval
5
retry_check_interval
1
contact_groups
admins
notification_options
w,u,c,r
notification_interval
960
notification_period
24x7
check_command
check_ping!100.0,20%!500.0,60%
}

OBS.:Paraseobterumadescriodoquerealizam,exemplos,bemcomodetalhesrelativosaousoesvriasopesde
parmetrosaceitasporcadaumdosplugins,bastadarocomando'#./nome_do_pluginh[elp]'nodiretrioemqueestesestejam
(ex.:/usr/local/nagios/libexec).

>Alterarapermissodosarquivoscriados:
#chownnagios:nagios/usr/local/nagios/etc/*.cfg

2.5 Checagem da Configurao e Inicializao do Nagios

>ParachecarseesttudoOK:
#/usr/local/nagios/bin/nagiosv/usr/local/nagios/etc/nagios.cfg

OBS.:Casohajaerrodeconfigurao,ocomandoacimaapontarorespectivoarquivoelinhaemqueesseseencontra.Nessecaso,
bastaircorrigindoseqencialmenteosmesmos,executandoseomesmocomandoatquenenhumerrosejamaisindicado.

>Parainiciar/parar/reiniciaroNagios:
#/etc/rc.d/init.d/nagiosstart[stop][restart]

OBS.:Casoseexperimentealgumtipodeproblemaoucomportamentoinesperado,convmverificarse:
i)aspermissesparaousurioegrupo'nagios'foramadequadamentealteradas(observaofinaldoitem2.2);

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15

CABEALHO RETIRADO
ii)oApacheestcorretamenteconfiguradoerodando(referirseaoitem2.3);
ii)osarquivosdeconfigurao(/usr/local/nagios/etc/*.cfg)forameditadoscorretamente(referirseaoitem2.4).

>ApsseiniciaroNagios,possvelconferirseesteestmesmorodando(everoseuPID)apartirdocomando:
#psaux|grepnagios

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16

CABEALHO RETIRADO
2.6 Monitoramento da Rede
>AgoraquetantooApachequantooNagiosjestoconfiguradoserodando,entrenovamentecomoendereo
http://localhost/nagiosnonavegadoreconfiraoresultadodasconfiguraesefetuadas(Fig.01).

Figura01DetalhedomonitoramentodohostlocalobtidoapartirdaguiaServiceDetailnainterfacewebdoNagios.

>ParahabilitaroenviodecomandosexternosaoNagios,porexemplo,pormeiodainterfaceweb:
#vi/usr/local/nagios/etc/nagios.cfg>check_external_commands=1
#chownRnagios:apache/usr/local/nagios/var/rw

2.7 Execuo de Plugins em Hosts Remotos Addon NRPE

>Parapermitiraexecuodechecagensativasemhostsremotos,necessriaainstalaodopluginNRPE(check_nrpe)no
computadorqueirrodaroNagios,bemcomodeclientesNRPE(daemons)noscomputadoresaseremmonitoradosremotamente.

2.7.1 Adio do usurio/grupo 'nagios' aos Hosts Remotos

2.7.1.1 Host Remoto Linux
#addusernagios

2.7.1.2 Host Remoto FreeBSD

#pwgroupaddnagios
#addusernagios

Username:nagios
Password:*****
FullName:Nagios
Uid:10222
Class:
Groups:nagios
Home:/home/nagios
Shell:/usr/local/bin/bash
Locked:no
OK?(yes/no):yes
adduser:INFO:Successfullyadded(nagios)totheuserdatabase.

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17

CABEALHO RETIRADO
2.7.2 Download,
Download, Instalao e Configurao do NRPE nos Hosts Remotos
2.7.2.1 Host Remoto Linux
>FazerodownloaddoaddonNRPE(ex.:nrpe2.3.tar.gz,www.nagios.org/download)paraodiretrio/home/nagios/tmp.
#cd/home/nagios/tmp
#tarxvfz<nome_do_arquivo_do_NRPE>(ex.:#tarxvfznrpe2.3.tar.gz)
>EntrarnodiretriodoNRPEcriado(ex.:#cd/home/nagios/tmp/nrpe2.3).
#./configure

***Configurationsummaryfornrpe2.301232006***:

GeneralOptions:

NRPEport:5666
NRPEuser:nagios
NRPEgroup:nagios

#makeall
>Realizar,nohostremoto,oprocedimentodedownloadeinstalaodosplugins,conformedescritonoitem2.2,tomandose
apenasocuidadodealteraralinhaabaixoadequadamente:
#./configureprefix=/home/nagioswithnagiosuser=nagioswithnagiosgroup=nagios

2.7.2.2 Host Remoto FreeBSD

>InstalaroaddonNRPEapartirdomecanismoportsdoFreeBSD:
#cd/usr/ports
#makesearchname=nrpe

Port:nrpe22.0_1
Info:NagiosRemotePluginExecutor
Path:/usr/ports/netmgmt/nrpe2
Maint:paul@nerdlabs.com
Bdeps:perl5.8.7
Rdeps:nagiosplugins1.4_3,1perl5.8.7
WWW:http://www.nagios.org/

#cd/usr/ports/netmgmt/nrpe2(#cd<Path>)
#makeall
>MarcarasopesSSL(SSLsupport)eARGS(Enablecommandarguments)edarOK.

***Configurationsummaryfornrpe2.009082003***:

GeneralOptions:

NRPEport:5666
NRPEuser:nagios
NRPEgroup:nagios
(...)
***Compilefinished***
(...)

OBS.:NocasodoFreeBSD,ainstalaodoaddonNRPEpeloportscuidaautomaticamente,tambm,dainstalaodosplugins.

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18

CABEALHO RETIRADO

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19

CABEALHO RETIRADO
2.7.2.3 Ambos Linux e FreeBSD

OBS.:ApesardenosernecessrioinstalaroNagios,tambm,emcadaumdoshostsremotos,preciso,sim,instalarnestes,
conformeexplicitadoacima,osplugins,demodoqueesteshostssejamcapazesdeefetuar,entreoutrascoisas,certaschecagensde
recursoslocaiscomo,porexemplo,averificaodoespaoemdisco,apartirdainteraocomoaddonNRPE.
OBS2.:Seossistemasoperacionaisforemcompatveis,podeservivel(e,dependendodocaso,menostrabalhoso)realizarsea
simplescpiadodiretriodospluginsdamquinaondefoioriginalmenteinstaladooNagios(/usr/local/nagios/libexec)para
/home/nagiosnohostremoto,como,porexemplo,nocasoemquesejapossvelfazerumacessoremotodeumamquinaparaoutra
(ex.:#scp/usr/local/nagios/libexec[r]<IP_do_host_remoto>:/home/nagios).

>EditaroarquivodeconfiguraodoNRPE,nrpe.cfg(ex.:#vi/home/nagios/tmp/nrpe2.3/sampleconfig/nrpe.cfg),adicionando
aseguintelinhadedefiniodecomandoemCOMMANDDEFINITIONS:
command[check_local_disk]=/home/nagios/libexec/check_diskw20%c10%p/
>Adicionaraseguintelinhanoarquivo/etc/services:
nrpe5666/tcp#NRPE(Nagios)
>Adicionarentradaaoarquivo/etc/hosts.allowparahabilitaroacessodohostqueirrodaroNagiosaoservionrpe:
nrpe:<IP_do_host_do_Nagios>:allow

2.7.3 Configurao do NRPE no Host Local (Nagios)

>Realizar,nohostlocal(Nagios),oprocedimentodedownloadeinstalaodoaddonNRPE,conformedescritonoitem2.7.2.
>Copiaroarquivocheck_nrpegeradoparaodiretriodospluginsdoNagios:
#cp/home/nagios/tmp/nrpe2.3/src/check_nrpe/usr/local/nagios/libexec

OBS.:Oprocedimentoacimasefaznecessriotosomentepelanecessidadedeseternohostlocal(Nagios)oplugincheck_nrpe,
geradocomainstalaodoaddonNRPE.Seossistemasoperacionaisforemcompatveis,podeservivel(e,dependendodocaso,
menostrabalhoso)realizarseasimplescpiadessearquivodohostremotonoqualoaddonjfoiinstalado(item2.7.2)paraohost
local(querodaroNagios),como,porexemplo,nocasoemquesejapossvelacessarremotamenteumamquinaapartirdaoutra
(ex.:#scp/home/nagios/tmp/nrpe2.3/src/check_nrpe<IP_do_host_do_Nagios>:/usr/local/nagios/libexec).
OBS2.:ParaqueoaddonNRPEfuncionecorretamente,precisoatentarparacertosdetalhescomo,porexemplo,utilizaramesma
versododaemonNRPE(hostremoto)edoplugincheck_nrpe(hostdoNagios),habilitar/desabilitaroSSLemtodososhosts,
reveraspermissesdealgunsarquivos(ex.:nrpe.cfg),permitir,no(s)host(s)remoto(s),oacessoaoendereoIPdamquinaque
rodaroNagios(arquivohosts.allow,linhaonly_fromdoarquivodeconfiguraodoxinetd).Paramaioresinformaesa
respeitodospossveiserrosquepodemaparecer,favorconsultaroFAQdoNagios(www.nagios.org/faqs).

>Inserir,aofinaldoarquivodeconfiguraodecomandosdoNagios(#vi/usr/local/nagios/etc/checkcommands.cfg):
################################################################################
#NRPECOMMAND
################################################################################

#'check_nrpe'commanddefinition
definecommand{
command_name
check_nrpe
command_line
$USER1$/check_nrpeH$HOSTADDRESS$c$ARG1$
}
>Asdefiniesdeserviosquefaamusodoplugin/daemonNRPEparaobterseusresultadosdeveroseguiromodeloabaixo:
defineservice{
use
genericservice;Nameofservicetemplatetouse
host_name
algum_host_remoto
service_description
algum_servio_remoto
...etc...
check_command
check_nrpe!yourcommand

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20

CABEALHO RETIRADO
}

OBS.:yourcommandonomedeumcomandodefinidonoarquivonrpe.cfgdohostremoto,aexemplodoquefoiestabelecido
noitem2.7.1(command[check_local_disk]=/home/nagios/libexec/check_diskw20%c10%p/).

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21

CABEALHO RETIRADO
>Exemplo:Adicionaraofinaldoarquivoservices.cfg
###############################################################################
#HOSTREMOTOALGUM_HOST_REMOTO
###############################################################################
#Serviodechecagemdoespaoemdisconapartiorootdohostremoto.
#Warningse<20%livre,Criticalse<10%livre.
defineservice{
use
genericservice;Nameofservicetemplatetouse
host_name
host_remoto
service_description
ParticaoRoot
is_volatile
0
check_period
24x7
max_check_attempts
4
normal_check_interval
5
retry_check_interval
1
contact_groups
admins
notification_options
w,u,c,r
notification_interval
960
notification_period
24x7
check_command
check_nrpe!check_local_disk
}
#Serviode"ping"dehostremoto
defineservice{
use
genericservice;Nameofservicetemplatetouse
host_name
host_remoto
service_description
PING
is_volatile
0
check_period
24x7
max_check_attempts
4
normal_check_interval
5
retry_check_interval
1
contact_groups
admins
notification_options
w,u,c,r
notification_interval
960
notification_period
24x7
check_command
check_ping!100.0,20%!500.0,60%
}

OBS.:Percebacomo,nocasodoprimeiroserviodefinidoacima(PartioRoot),sefezusodopluginNRPE(check_nrpe
chamandoocomandocheck_local_disk,definidonoarquivonrpe.cfgdohostremoto),porsetratardachecagemdeumrecurso
localdamquinaremota(espaoemdisco),noverificveldiretamentepelarede.Jachecagemdefinidanosegundoservio
(PING),poroutrolado,possveldeserrealizadadiretamentepelarede,nonecessitando,assim,recorreraopluginNRPE.

>ReiniciaroNagios:
#/etc/rc.d/init.d/nagiosrestart

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22

CABEALHO RETIRADO
2.7.4 Inicializao do NRPE nos Hosts Remotos
>>>PARACADAUMDOSHOSTSREMOTOSASEREMMONITORADOS,realizarospassosaseguir:
#/home/nagios/tmp/nrpe2.3/src/nrpec/home/nagios/tmp/nrpe2.3/sampleconfig/nrpe.cfgd
>ApsseiniciaroNRPE,possvelconferirseesteestmesmorodando(everoseuPID)apartirdocomando:
#psaux|grepnrpe
>Apartirdessemomento,oNagiosjdevesercapazdemonitorar,tambm,ohostremoto(Fig.02).

Figura02DetalhedomonitoramentodoshostslocaleremotoobtidoapartirdaguiaServiceDetailnainterfacewebdoNagios.

2.8 Inicializao Automtica do Sistema de Monitoramento

2.8.1 Iniciando o Nagios com o Boot do Sistema (Host
(Host Local)
>Verificarem/etc/inittaborunlevelpadro(06)emqueosistemaestsendoiniciado(procurarpelalinha'initdefault'):
#more/etc/inittab(ex.:id:3:initdefault:)
>Listarosarquivosdodiretriodeinicializaocorrespondenteaorunlevelpadroencontradoacima:
#lsl/etc/rc.d/rc?.d(ex.:lsl/etc/rc.d/rc3.d)

lrwxrwxrwx1rootroot14Jun132005K05innd>../init.d/innd
lrwxrwxrwx1rootroot19Jun132005K05saslauthd>../init.d/saslauthd
lrwxrwxrwx1rootroot17Jun132005K09privoxy>../init.d/privoxy
lrwxrwxrwx1rootroot16Jun132005K10psacct>../init.d/psacct
(...)
lrwxrwxrwx1rootroot15Jun132005S97rhnsd>../init.d/rhnsd
lrwxrwxrwx1rootroot11Jun132005S99local>../rc.local
lrwxrwxrwx1rootroot19Jun132005S99mdmonitor>../init.d/mdmonitor

>Comosepodeperceber,nenhumdosscriptsqueefetivamenteiniciamouparamosserviosemquestoestorealmente
localizadosnessediretrio(nocaso,/etc/rc.d/rc3.d).Oquesetemaquisoapenaslinkssimblicos(softlinks)paraosmesmos,os
quaisselocalizam,emefeito,nodiretrio/etc/rc.d/init.d.Issofeitoparaquesejapossvelreconfigurarainicializaodos
diferentesrunlevelspormeiodacriao,modificaoedeleodelinkssimblicosapenas,sem,contudo,afetarosprpriosscripts
porelesreferenciados.OsnomesdoslinkspodemseriniciadosporKouporS,seguidosdeumnmero.OslinksKreferemsea
processosqueserointerrompidos(killed)nainicializaodorunlevel(execuodocomando'/etc/rc.d/init.d/<processo>stop'),ao
passoqueoslinksSrepresentamprocessosquesero,porsuavez,iniciados(started;execuode'/etc/rc.d/init.d/<processo>
start').Oprocedimentodeinterrupodeprocessos(linksK)ocorreprimeiroqueodeinicializao(linksS),emambososcasos
obedecendoaordemnumricarespectiva.Nocasodeprocessoscomamesmanumerao,segueseaordemalfabticadonome.
>Criar,nodiretriodeinicializaodorunlevelpadro(ex.:/etc/rc.d/rc3.d),umlinksimblicoparaolanamentodoNagios
(/etc/rc.d/init.d/nagios)comobootdosistema(ex.:#lns/etc/rc.d/init.d/nagios/etc/rc.d/rc3.d/S99nagios).

OBS.:Opcionalmente,realizaromesmoprocedimentoparaolanamentoautomticodoserviohttpd(Apache)nainicializao:
>Criar,nodiretriodeinicializaodorunlevelpadro(ex.:/etc/rc.d/rc3.d),umlinksimblicoparaolanamentodoservio
httpd(/etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd)comobootdosistema(ex.:#lns/etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd/etc/rc.d/rc3.d/S99httpd).

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23

CABEALHO RETIRADO
2.8.2 Iniciando o NRPE com o Boot do Sistema (Hosts
(Hosts Remotos)
2.8.2.1 Mtodo 1 INETD ou XINETD
>>>PARACADAUMDOSHOSTS
REMOTOSASEREMMONITORADOS,realizarospassosaseguir:
>>>PARACADAUMDOSHOSTSREMOTOSASEREMMONITORADOS,realizarospassosaseguir:
>AdicionarentradasparaodaemonNRPEaoarquivodeconfigurao,dependendodosistema,doinetdouxinetd:
a)INETD(/etc/inetd.confou/etc/inet/inetd.conf)
i)WITHtcpwrappers:
nrpe stream tcp
nowait
<user>
/.../tcpd<nrpebin>c<nrpecfg>inetd
(obs.:/.../tcpd=/usr/sbin/tcpd,/usr/libexec/tcpdou/usr/etc/tcpd,porexemplo,conformeocaso)
ii)WITHOUTtcpwrappers: nrpe stream tcp
nowait
<user>
<nrpebin>c<nrpecfg>inetd
b)XINETD:Criarumarquivochamado'nrpe'nodiretrio/etc/xinetd.dcontendo:
#default:on
#description:NRPE
servicenrpe
{
flags
=REUSE
socket_type
=stream
wait
=no
user
=<user>
server
=<nrpebin>
server_args
=c<nrpecfg>inetd
log_on_failure +=USERID
disable
=no
only_from
=<ipaddress1><ipaddress2>...
}

OBS.: <user>:usurioemnomedoqualoservidornrpedeverodar;
<nrpebin>:caminhodobinrionrpenosistema(ex.:/home/nagios/tmp/nrpe2.3/src/nrpe);
<nrpecfg>:caminhodoarquivodeconfiguraonrpenosistema(ex.:/home/nagios/tmp/nrpe2.3/sampleconfig/nrpe.cfg);
<ipaddress>:endereosIPdoshostspermitidosaseconectarcomodaemonNRPE.Funcionaapenascasooxinetdtenha
sidocompiladocomsuporteatcpwrappers.

>Reiniciaroinetdouxinetd,conformesejaocaso:
#/etc/rc.d/inetd[xinetd]restart

2.8.2.2 Mtodo 2 Edio de Arquivos de Inicializao

2.8.2.2.1 Host Remoto Linux (Arquivo rc.local)

>>>PARACADAUMDOSHOSTSREMOTOSLINUXASEREMMONITORADOS,realizaroprocedimentoaseguir:
>Editaroarquivorc.local(#vi/etc/rc.d/rc.local),adicionandoumalinhareferentechamadadeexecuodoclienteNRPE
(ex.:/home/nagios/tmp/nrpe2.3/src/nrpec/home/nagios/tmp/nrpe2.3/sampleconfig/nrpe.cfgd).

2.8.2.2.2 Host Remoto FreeBSD (Arquivo rc.conf)

>>>PARACADAUMDOSHOSTSREMOTOSFREEBSDASEREMMONITORADOS,realizaroprocedimentoaseguir:
>CopiaroscriptdeinicializaodoNRPE(ex.:/usr/ports/netmgmt/nrpe2/work/nrpe2.sh)para/usr/local/etc/rc.d:
#cp/usr/ports/netmgmt/nrpe2/work/nrpe2.sh/usr/local/etc/rc.d
>Editaroarquivorc.conf(#vi/etc/rc.conf),adicionando,deformadiferentedaacima,areferidalinhadechamadaautomticade
execuodoNRPE(nrpe2_enable=YES).

Regis Soares Machado Administrador de Redes <regiswork[at]gmail.com>

RODAP RETIRADO
Distribudo sob a licena Creative Commons (CC) Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.5 (details at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5)
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5)

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