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11 f dirc
l speech.
Reparted
speech
(B)
lhel' cxarnplc
Why are these people at the doctor'sr What do they say is wrong with them?
Trevor: l'm tired. Wasn'l it Greta Garbo who said, 'l want to be alone'? 'But I don't lave you, Henry,' replied Claire. We can show that words are direct speech by putting them in quotation rnarks (' '). See page 373. Sometimes the words are put after the speaker's na me, in the script of a play or filrn, for exarnple. In a picture we can put the words in a speech bubble.
I~ ;
f..~V;~ ..
~I
~'
i
[ can't sleep,
i2
~
I
She says she gets pains in her leg. She says . He says .
3 4
Reparted speech In reported speech we give the meaning of what was said
rather than the exact words. Trevor says he's tired. Wasn't it Greta Garbo who said that she wanted to be alonei Claire replied that she didn't love Henry.
The actress Melissa Livingstone and supermarket owner Ron Mason have announced that they are getting married next month. Melissa is sure they wilI be happy together, she told reporters.
Reparted
speech
(B)
In reported speech we often change the actual words, e.g. 'I'm tired' ---+ he's tired. Sometimes the verb tense changes,e.g. I want ---+ she wanted (see Unit 134). In reporting we use verbs such as announce, answer, explain, mention, promise, reply, say, suggest, tell, warn. The most common of these are say and telI (see e). vVe can also report thoughts. We think the meal Wa5expensive. Nick knew Rita wanted to be with someol1e else. When we report statements, we often use that, but we can sometimes leave it out. YOII promised (that) yOIl wouldn't be late. Sarah was saying (that) there's a problem.
(
Who said what? Match the words to the people and report what they said. If yOli can't match thern, look at the answers at the bottom of the page. ~ Mrs Thatcher a) 'Ali the world's a stage,' I Stokeley Carmichael b) 'Black is beautiful,' 2 Galileo c) 'Big Brother is watching you,' 3 Shakespeare d) 'There is no such thing as society: 4 George Orwell e) "The earth moves round the sun,'
~
I
2 3 4
Tell
TELL
ar say?
SAY
We use telI if we want to mention the hearer (the person spoken to). Sarah's boss told her she could leave early. NOT Sam/z's bess tel she cellld-lefrve-et!~ly. Daniel tells me he's ready. We use tell without an indirect object (e.g. her, me) only in the expressions teU a story, tell the truth and tell alie.
When we do not mention the hearer, we use say. Sarah's boss said she coutd leave early. SamfH-b&SHtl-id--fleF-5i1e-ffiuld-leave-eariy.
NOT
Dnniel says he's ready. We sometimes use to after say, especially when the words are not reported. The boss wanted lo say something to Sarah. What did Matthew say to yall?
Put ~ ~ I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
in tell or say. Ali the experts 5<1." the earth is getting warmer. Did you tell Mark and Sara h how to find our house? The Sales Manager is going to...... ..... everyone about the meeting. Vicky, why don't you just.. . what the matter is? They. . they're going to build a new Disney World here. What did Natasha about her holiday plans? Could you me the way to the train station, please? The company should . . its employees what's going on. You shouldn't lies, you know, Matthew. Did you anything to Melanie about the barbecue?
318
REPORTED
SPEECH
REPORTED
SPEECH
319
111 IlIdlll
111111 II'S Friday .ifremoon. David is at Torn's flat. Tom has dccided to have a party for ali his friends.
A few minutes later Nick has arrived at the flat. Now David is reporting what Tom said. 50 instead of Torn's words I'm having, David says he's having.
The next day David is talking to Harriet. Now David is in a different place from where Tom first told him about the party, 50 instead of here, he says at his flat. And a day has passed since he first heard about it. It is now the day of the party. 50 instead of tomorrow evening, David says this evening.
he!she his/her there, ai lhe fia I then, ai the lime 111(!1 dar. 011 Monday, etc lhe day before, the previous day lhe next/jolowing day, on Saturday, ete tliat week lhe week before, lhe previous week: ali hour before/earier
Place: Time:
--> -->
-->
-,
320
REPORTEO
SPEECH
REPORTEO
SPEECH
321
WII(\1l
ti
W('
c?
1\11'r 11 pnst-t 'ns' vcrb (e.g. snid), I'hCI'c is oftcn a tcnse changc. '11 "cI,IIy Is cokl today' -, Vicky said it was colei. 11'ihc .tarcrncnt is still up to date when we report it, then we have a ehoiee. Wc can either leave the tense the same, 01' we ean ehange it. Yrw saicl you like/likecl chocolate. Claire told me her father owns/ownecl a racehorse. SCI/'ah said she's going/she was going to Rome in April. We ean say that Sarah is going to Rome because it is still true that she will go there. [f the statement is no longer up to elate, then we ehange the tense. Claire once tolcl me that her father ownecl a racehorse. (He may no longer own one.) Surah saicl she was going to Rome in April. (Now it is May.) Now Sarah's trip is over, so it is no longer true that she is going to Rome. We usually change the tense if we think the statement is untrue or may be untrue. You saicl you liked chocolate, but you aren't eating any. The Prime Minister claimed that the government had macle the right decision.
(8)
Is
->
was, like
SPEECH
->
liked, etc
REPORTED -> -> -> -> -> -> SPEECH
'Anclrew is working.' 'The windows aren't lockecl.' 'I've fixecl the shelves.' 'It's been raining.' 'We've got plenty of time.' 'We like the flat.'
[essica said Anclrew was working. Mark told me the windows weren't lockecl. Trevor said he'd fixecl the shelves. We noticed it had been taining. Rachei insisted they had plenty of time. The couple said they likecl the flat.
Complete lhe replies. The seeond speaker is surprised at what he or she hears. ~ Matthew: Emma and t are getting marrieel. Rachel: Really? But you said last week you weren't getting married. ~ Rita: I like pop music more than classical music. Laura: I'rn sure you told me you liked classical music best. Vieky: I haven't finished my projecto Emma: Haven't you? I thought you said 2 Rachei: I'm on a diet. Natasha: But you told me . 3 Andrew: I enjoy parties. Daniel: Surely I remember you saying 4 Matthew: I'm applying for the job. Rachei: I thought you told me .
If the'verb phrase is more than one word (e.g. is working), then the first word changes, e.g. is working -> was working, have fixecl -> hacl fixed, don't know -> didn't know. If the verb is already in the past tense, then it ean stay the same or change to the past perfeet. 'We carne by car.' 'Sorry. I wasn't listening'
-> ->
(B-C)
A comedy show calleel 'Don't Look Now!' has just closed after five years in London's West End. Here's what the critics said when it opened five years ago.
~ 'It's a marvellous I 2 3 'The production 'I can't remember show,' Tire Daily Mail is brilliant.' The Sunday Times Devine 4 6 7 8 'You must see it,' The Evening Srandard 'It will be a great success.' The Telegmph 'You might die laughing,' 'It's the funniest 'You shouldn't Tire Express show I've ever seen' SLlsarz Proctor miss it,' Time aut ~ 'You'll love it.' The Guardian a funnier show.' Edward
They saicl they came/they had come by caro I aclmittecl I wasn't ustening/hadn't been listening.
If the verb is past perfeet, it stays the same. 'Jy[y money had run out.
->
->
could, etc
The stewarcl saicl we could sit here. Claire said she might go lo Bali again. Tom saicl he would help.
Can, may anel will ehange to could, might and would. 'You can sit over there.' '1 may go to Bali again. 'TIl help if yOll like.'
->
Now report what the critics said. ~ The Daily Mail said it lvas a matvellous ~ The Guardum said people would lave it.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
;11011'.
Could, might, ought to, should and would stay the same. But must ean change to have to. 'Sarah would love a hotiday' '1 must finish this report'
-> ->
Mark thought Sarah would lave a holiday. Sarah saicl she must finishlhad to fi"ish the reporto
322
REPORTED
SPEECH
REPORTED
SPEECH
323
WIi
i i
11111
111111
IV
R ported questions
(A-C)
centre. What do they want to know?
1111111'1111'1'11_111111 IIIIN
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111"1111 111'~'
wh qu .stions,
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'Wlllfll lI/ti 011 H/II I IIL111I8' /'vIr/isSII?' 'WI/III' 1111' tuuc!' 'Wlllch wtly is lhe po lofJice?' 'How can we find out!' IW1H!re can we eati'
->
Melissa when she started acting. l [ust asked what lhe time is. Someone 1V1Intsto know which way lhe pOSI office is. l was wondering how we can find out. They're asking where they can eat.
G/./y asked
wh-questons
have a word like when, what, which or how both in direct speech and in reported speech.
B Yes/no questions
DIRECT QUESTION -> REPORTED QUESTION
'Has the taxi arrtved yet?' 'No, not yet.' 'Can \Ve take photos?' 'Yes, of course.' '[5 there a caf nearby?' - 'No.' Reported yes/no questions have if or whether.
->
Someone was wondering iflwhether the taxi has arrived yet. The visitors want la know iflwhether they can take photos. Daniel asked iftwhether there \Vas a caf nearby.
~ ~ I 2 3 4
2
She wants to know what the most interesting sights are. He wants to know if lhe centre has got a town plan.
Word order
ln a reported question the subject comes before the verb, as in a statement. Guy asked Melissa when she started acting. NOT Gu,. lsked Melissl ",lIe" did slle sUlrt Iilctillg. Someone was wondering if the taxi has arrived yet. NOT &mwme :I'lS"'o,,derillg if ~xi lrril'ed ,'et.
(O)
You need inforrnation. Ask for it using COIIldyOll tell me ... ? or Do you know ... ? ~ Where are the toilets? (tell) Could )'OUtell me where the toilets are? I Can I park here? (know) 2 How long does the film last? (tell)..... 3 How often do the buses run? (know) 4 Are we alIowed to smoke? (know) 5 What time is the flight? (tell) 6 How much does a ticket cost? (telI)
. ..
->
was, etc
In reported speech there are often changes to the tense, to pronouns and so on. This depends on changes to the situation since the words were spoken. For details see Units 133 and 134. Here are some examples of the tense change. 'Wlwt's lhe problem?' 'How nwch /IIoney ltave yOll got, Vicky?' 'Does Nick need a lift?' 'Can you typei'
324 REPORTED SPEECH
We asked what lhe problem was. I was wondering how much money Vicky had. Tom asked if Nick needed a lift. They asked /IIe if l could type.
RE PORTED
SPHCH
325
I.
I1
, 111 11 1111111 I 1'111
I
II
IIliI
I 11,1111'
li 111
I '1111 I i~l11111111111
1
111 tllI 11111111, 111\ ( 11
11/0 k om on
to do
om thing (A)
1(11'0'111'1""11
'1'1"11'1' 111111'1'
'1,," 11'I111
'WIII/lrl yu
11th
1/1/1'
//1;1/(1
musit:
dOIVII?'
tolt! me (O inove tlie e(l(. Melanie is alwnys telling David to be careful. We asked our neighbours to turn the music down.
1\ pllli CIII/1I1
Trcv r isn'r fccling very happy, Everyone has bcen telling him what to do. Report the orders and requests. ~ His rnother: Can you dig my garden, please, Trevor? His mother asked him to dig her garden. The doctor: You must take more exercise. 2 His boss: Would you mind not playing computer games in the office? A traffic warden: You can't park your car in the High Street. Laura: Could you put some shelves up, please, Trevor?
not to do something.
-+
.YOII11I115(11', leave the door unlocked' 'Please don't wear those boots ;11 the house' We can also use the structure ask to do something.
Mr Atkins told Mark not to leave the door unlocked. I asked you not to wear those boots in the house.
3 4
-+
etc (B)
2
We use ask for when someone asks to have sornething. 'Can l have some btochures, pleaset' I asked (the travei agent) for some brochures.
~
Would vou like to stav (ar lunch, Cloire?
It is also possible to report an order or request like this. A po/iceman told me (that)] had to move the caro We asked our neighbours if they would mind turning the music rlown. 3
4
Whydon'twe sing a [ew songs?
=>
You're going (orget, to
Ali right.
I won't
Vou ought
oreak,
to take a Andrew.
5
Yes, I mode
etc
with a to-infinitive,
REPORTED -+ -+ SPEECH
a mistake.
<:':
Laura! on't \
wires!
'We'lI pay for the damage.' Til definitely finish it by the endo] next week.'
We offered to pay for the damage. YOtlpromised to finish the work by the end of this week.
~ ~ I 2 3 4 5 6
Sarah invited Claire to stay for iunch. Tom agreed nOI to talk: about [ootoall. Matthew advised . _ Mike apologized__...______ Tom suggested Rachei reminded Mr Atkins admitted Trevor warned . _. .
.. __ __ . .....
"Ve can also use an object + to-infinitive after advise, invite, remind and wam.
'I think you should take a taxi.' 'Don't forget to ring me.'
-+ -+
We can use an ing-forrn after adrnit, apologize for. insist on and suggest. 'I really must have a rest.' 'Shall we go to a nightclubi' Emma insisted on having a resto Ciaire suggested going to a nightclub.
-+
pair of sentences using that. were dangerous. The police warned us. wllTIIl'd lIS that the roads were dllflgt'rollS. will be ready on time. The builders have promised.
We have to check the figures carefully. The boss insists. Torn's story wasn't completely true. He's Emrna's train was about
to adrnitted
ir.
326
REPORTED
SPHCH
REPORTED
SPEECH
327
urre L ,1111.1 ome hnvc 11 word whi h should not be there. s 11'til' S '11['11" is corr xt, pUI n li k (.I). Ir il is incorre r, cross lhe unnecessary word OUI 01' lhe scutcn c anel write it in the spacc. ~ Vou promsed you wouldn't be late. ~ Susan thought '::[:hitf I can't understand what's happening.' itnu I Do you know me what time the coach leaves? 2 Robert wanted to know if did the price included breakfast. 3 Anna insisted on showing us her photos, 4 Someone asked us whether that we had eaten lunch, 5 Nancy told me she had started the job the week before. 6 Nigel said me he wanted to come with uso 7 My friend said she did liked her new flat. 8 Martin asked us for not to wake the baby.
'N
'lI[
'0111' 01 til
The men explained that they (6) . ...... just discovered the prablem but that it was very simple and (7) . . .... take long to check. The woman asked (8) . .. the service was free, and they said yes. They (9) . . to know where the water tank was. While one man ran water in the kitchen, the other went upstairs and took several hundred pounds fram a drawer in a bedroom. The men then left saying that they would return the (10) . day to have another look.
Test 230
Complete each sentence by reporting what was said to you yesterday. Use said and change the tense in the reported speech. ~ Polly: I'm really tired. When I saw Polly yesterday, she said she \Vas really tired. Tessa: I feel quite excited. When I saw Tessa yesterday, . 2 Nigel: I can't remember the code word. When I saw Nigel yesterday, . 3 Robert: I won't be at the next meeting. When I saw Robert yesterday, .. 4 The twins: We've got a prablem. When I saw the twins yesterday, . 5 Michelle: I've been swimming. When I saw Michelle yesterday, . . . 6 Your friends: We would like to be in the show. When I saw my friends yesterday, ... 7 Adrian: I don't need any help. When I saw Adrian yesterday, . 8 Susan: My sister is coming to see me. When I saw Susan yesterday, .. .
Test 23B
Decide which word is correcto ~ What did that man say to yOll? a) at you b) for you c) to you d) you I rang my friend in Australia yesterday, and she said it . ... raining there. a) is b) should be c) to be d) was 2 The last time I saw Ionathan, he looked very relaxed. He explained that he'd been on holiday the week. a) earlier b) following c) next d) previous 3 I wonder .. . the tickets are on sale yet. a) what b) when c) where d) whether 4 I told you switch off the computer, didn't I? a) don't b) not c) not to d) to not 5 Someone me there's been an accident on the motorway. a) asked b) said c) spoke d) told 6 When I rang Tessa some time last week, she said she was busy.......... . day. a) that b) the c) then d)this 7 When he was at Oliver's flat yesterday, Martin asked if he use the phone. a) can b) could c) may d) must 8 Iudy . going for a walk, but no one else wanted to. a) admitted b) offered c) promised d) suggested
Test 23E
Report the sentences. They were ali spoken last week. Use the verbs in brackets. ~ Anna to Ianet: Don't forget to sign the formo (remind) Anna reminded [anet to sign the formo ~ Robert: What time will the office dose this evening? (ask) Robert asked what time the office would dose that evening. A policeman to Christopher: Stop shouting. (tell) 2 3
4 5 6
Test 23C
Read the news report and write the missing words. Use one word only in each space. Sometimes there is more than one possible answer. Police have warned people (~) tu watch out for two rnen who have tricked their way into an old wornan's home and stolen money. The men called on Mrs Iris Raine and said (1) were fram the water company and wanted to check (2) her water was OK. Theyasked if (3). . would mind letting thern into her house. The woman didn't ask (4) see their identity cards. She said she (5) . . know about any problem with the water,
Tessa: lt was me. I ate ali the cake yesterday. (admit) Adrian: I'rn sorry I was rude. (apologize) Simon to Susan: Would you like to join me for lunch? (invite) Martin to Nancy: Did someone ring you an hour ago? (ask) Peter: I really must leave, (insist)
328
REPORTED
5PEECH
REPORTEO
SPEECH
329