BG1005 Materials Sciences_ Homework #1 (Q1-6 are due 5 pm April 1st, 2011)

Question 1. (Callister 7.7) One slip system for the BCC crystal structure is {110}<111>. In a manner similar to Figure 7.6b (below), sketch a {110}-type plane for the BCC structure, representing atom positions with circles. Now, using arrows, indicate two different <111> slip directions within this plane.

Question 2. (Callister 7.9) Equations 7.1a and 7.1b, expressions for Burgers vectors for FCC and BCC crystal structures, are of the form b=
a uvw 2

where a is the unit cell edge length. Also since the magnitudes of these Burgers vectors may be determined from the following equation

b=

1 a 2 2 (u + v + w2 ) 2 2

Determine values of IbI for copper and iron. You may want to consult Table 3.1.

Question 3. (Callister 7.13) A single crystal of zinc is oriented for a tensile test such that its slip plane normal makes an angle of 65 o with the tensile axis. Three possible slip directions make angles of 30 o, 48 o, and 78 o with the same tensile axis. (a) Which of these three slip directions is most favored? (b) If plastic deformation begins at a tensile stress of 2.5 MPa (355 psi), determine the critical resolved shear stress for zinc.

Question 4. (a) A single crystal of a metal that has the BCC crystal structure is oriented such that a tensile stress is applied in the [100] direction. If the magnitude of this stress is 4.0 MPa, _ compute the resolved shear stress in the [ 111 ] direction on each of the (110), (011), and ( 10 1 )planes. (b) On the basis of these resolved shear stress values, which slip system(s) is (are) the most favorably oriented? (c) If the critical resolved shear stress for this material is 2.0 MPa, will the above applied stress cause yield in any of the three slip systems? If not, what applied stress will be necessary? Note: The resolved shear stress can be calculated using the following equation R = cos cos Where represent the angle between the normal to the slip plane and the applied stress direction, and is the angle between the slip and the stress directions. For cubic unit cells, an angle between directions 1 and 2, represented by [ u1v1w1 ] and [ u2 v2 w2 ], respectively, can be calculated by the following formula
u1u2 + v1v2 + w1w2 = cos 1 2 2 2 ( u12 + v12 + w12 )( u2 + v2 + w2 )
_

Question 5. (Callister 7.29) Two previously undeformed specimens of the same metal are to be plastically deformed by reducing their cross-sectional areas. One has a circular cross section, and the other is rectangular; during deformation the circular cross section is to remain circular, and the rectangular is to remain as such. Their original and deformed dimensions are as follows:

Which of these specimens will be the hardest after plastic deformation, and why?

Question 6. (Callister 8.10) A structural component in the form of a wide plate is to be fabricated from a steel alloy that has a plane strain fracture toughness of 98.9 MPa m (90 Psi in ) and a yield strength of 860 MPa (125,000 psi). The flaw size resolution limit of the flaw detection apparatus is 3.0 mm (0.12 in.). If the design stress is one half of the yield strength and the value of Y is 1.0, determine whether or not a critical flaw for this plate is subject to detection. Question 7. (Callister 8.20) The fatigue data for a steel alloy are given as follows:

(a) Make an SN plot (stress amplitude versus logarithm cycles to failure) using these

data. (b) What is the fatigue limit for this alloy? (c) Determine fatigue lifetimes at stress amplitudes of 415 MPa (60,000 psi) and 275 MPa (40,000 psi). (d) Estimate fatigue strengths at 2 x 104 and 6 x 105 cycles.