AP COURSES SUMMER ASSIGNMENTS

AP BIOLOGY SUMMER ASSIGNMENT

DUE: August 19th You will cover Chapters 1-5 during the summer. When you come back to school, you will have a Test on these three chapters on the second week after you return. Answer the following Questions per ChapterAnd then define the key terms. This will count as a grade so please do your best. In addition, I would highly suggest those of you who have not had biology in a few years or would like a good review before school to attend my workshop the week of August 4th. We will review most topics from first year bio that I will NOT spend time reviewing during the year. Email me at llee@holyspiritprep.org if you have questions.

CHAPTER 1: Introduction, Themes in the Study of Life.

1.Diagram the hierarchy of structural levels in biology.

2.Explain how the properties of life emerge from complex organization.

3.Describe seven emergent properties associated with life.

4.Distinguish between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

5.Explain, in your own words, what is meant by form fits function

6.List and distinguish among the five kingdoms of life.

7.Briefly describe how Charles Darwins ideas contributed to the conceptual framework of biology.

8.Outline the scientific method.

9.Distinguish between inductive and deductive reasoning.

10.Explain how science and technology are interdependent.

Key Terms: Population, Community, ecosystem, biome, hypothesis, control group, variable, experimental group.

CHAPTER 2: Atoms, Molecules, and Chemical Bonds

1.Define element and compound.

2.State four elements essential to life that make up 96% of living matter.

3.Describe the structure of an atom.

4.Define and distinguish among atomic number, mass number, atomic weight and valence.

5.Explain why radioisotopes are important to biologists.

6.Distinguish among nonpolar covalent, polar covalent and ionic bonds.

7.Describe the formation of a hydrogen bond and explain how it differs from a covalent or ionic bond.

8.Explain why weak bonds are important to living organisms.

9.Describe the chemical conditions on early Earth and explain how they are different

from today.

Key Terms: atom, proton, neutron, electron, hydrogen bond, molecule, ion, cation, anion, isotope, half life.

CHAPTER 3: Water and the Fitness of the Environment

1.Describe how water contributes to the fitness of the environment to support life.

2.Describe the structure and geometry of a water molecule, and explain what properties emerge as a result of this structure.

3.List five characteristics of water that are emergent properties resulting from hydrogen bonding.

4.Describe the biological significance of the cohesiveness of water.

5.Explain how waters high specific heat, high heat of vaporization and expansion upon freezing affect both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems.

6.Explain how the polarity of water makes it a versatile solvent.

7.Explain the basis for the pH scale.

8.Explain how acids and bases directly or indirectly affect the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution.

9.Using the bicarbonate buffer system as an example, explain how buffers work.

Key Terms: cohesion, surface tension, adhesion, hydrophilic, hydrophobic, heat, temperature, evaporative cooling, solution, solvent, solute.

CHAPTER 4: Carbon and the Diversity of Life

What are the major elements of life?

What is ATP? What is its role in living things?

What is a functional group? Name some of the major functional groups found in living things.

CHAPTER 5: The Structure and Function of Macromolecules

What is a macromolecule?

What is a dehydration reaction?

What are the four main classes of large biological molecules found in living things? Give the function of each?

What is the difference between the primary, secondary, tertiary and quarternary stucture of a protein?

What causes sickle cell Disease?

What is the structure of an amino acid? What makes each amino acid different?

Key Terms: denaturation, hydrolysis, peptide bond, phospholipids, steroid, cellulose, glycogen, starch, disaccharide

AP Calculus (MAT430)
Assignment One: Study and make notes on Chapter 1 / Pre-requisites for Calculus Assignment Two: Complete even-numbered questions from 2 70 on the Chapter 1 Review Exercises Assignment Three: Prepare for a Quiz on Chapter 1 during the first week of school.

AP English Language (ENG410)

Assignment One: Read The Book Thief by Marcus Zusak (Knopf, ISBN# 0-375-84220-9) Assignment Two: One of the most fascinating aspects of this book is the personification of death. Write an essay in which you argue whether or not you found the personification to be convincing and believable. Be sure to cite from the text to support your argument. Required length of essay is four (4) pages. Assignment Three: Over the summer make an effort to read as much nonfiction as possible. Look mainly in newspapers and magazines. Collect at least 10 pieces of nonfiction that you find particularly effective. Write the MLA citation information for each piece.

AP English Literature (ENG420)

Assignment One: Read Tess of the d'Urbervilles by Thomas Hardy (Bantam Classics, ISBN#0-553-21168-4) Assignment Two: Read and highlight Chapters 1 and 3 in Literature: Reading Fiction, Poetry and Drama by Robert DiYanni (McGraw Hill, ISBN# 0-07-242617-9) Assignment Three: After completing the readings you will write an essay. Choose the topic of your essay on Tess of the dUrbervilles from the section called Writing about Fiction on pages 127-129 of the textbook. The questions on those pages should be a guide for your essay topic. You may choose to address one or several questions. Required length of essay is four (4) pages.

AP Macroeconomics
Textbook: N. Gregory Mankiw, Principles of Economics [Chapters 1& 2] ISBN: 0324-16862-4 Assignment One: Students must answer Questions I-IV, MUST BE TYPED [MLADOUBLE SPACED] AND EACH SHOULD BE A MINIMUM OF A PAGE IN LENGTH.

I. Explain how the study of economics is about the allocation of scarce resources. II. Outline the concept of opportunity cost. [15 points] III. Discuss why and how markets are good but not a perfect way to allocate resources. [15 points] IV. Describe the key trends (inflation, employment/ unemployment, the housing market, gas prices) in the overall US economy. [50 points] Assignment Two: Define the following Key Terms, Concepts: MUST BE HAND WRITTEN AND WHERE APPLICABLE, PROVIDE AN EXAMPLE. Economics / normative and positive economics / macroeconomics vs. microeconomics/ scarcity / efficiency/ equity / opportunity cost/ market economy / market failure / externality / market power / productivity / inflation / Philips curve [2 point each] Assignment Three: Students must complete a Research Paper MUST BE TYPED [MLA-DOUBLE SPACED] I. Imagine that you are the chief policymaker trying to reduce the rate of inflation. To make an informed and intelligent decision, what would you need to know about inflation, unemployment, and the tradeoffs between them? [25 points] All Assignments are due at the first class meeting during the week of AUGUST 18

AP Chemistry
Students must read the first two chapters of the textbook (Zumdahls Chemistry, 6 ed.) and complete the assignments below.
th

These assignments will be collected on the first day of school and will be graded as one 50-point assignment. Students should expect to have a test over this material within the first week of school. The teacher will answer questions but will not give thorough instruction on this material. Students are expected to be proficient in these areas by the beginning of the school year. Summer Assignments # S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 Chapter 1.1-1.9 2.1-2.4 2.5-2.7 2.8 Topic Sig figs; Conversion; Density Fundamentals; Atoms Isotopes; Molecules; Ions Nomenclature Review Reading Assignment p.1-31 p.41-53 p.53-61 p.62-73 Written Assignment p.32 # 21,2630,33,49,56,59,65,70,74,80 p.74 # 5, 8, 19-22,25 p.76 # 43-51, 54, 57-58 p.75 # 61-64, 69, 70 p.77 # 67, 68, 71, 72, 76, 78-80

AP Latin / Vergil

The Vergil course syllabus is both richly detailed and robust. The AP Vergil exam includes both a free response section specifically on the 1800 required lines of Vergils Aeneid and a general language and sight-reading section in multiple-choice format. This general grammar and sight-reading section is the portion of the test that presents a significant challenge to students with less than about five to six years prior Latin study that includes a healthy dose of reading from authentic Classical authors including Caesar, Cicero, Ovid, Catullus, Pliny and Livy. In order to boost the chance of doing well on the exam, you will need to prepare for the general grammar and sight-reading section over the summer since such preparation requires adequate time-on-task and cannot be rushed or crammed in at the last minute. 1. You will need to review and know Lessons 28-40 in Wheelocks Latin. Use the selfcorrecting exercises at the back of the book as self-tests to diagnose mastery. This material will be tested on day one of the course via an NLE III/IV for prose and another for poetry. . 1. 2. Translate carefully the following selections from Wheelocks Loci Immutati: 1., 2. 3., 4.,5.,6.,7.,8., 9.,10.,15.,17.,18.,19.,20.,21.,23.,24.,25.,26.,32.,33.,34.,36.,37.,38., 40., 41., 49. 2. 3. Read the entire Aeneid in English in order to become familiar with plot, structure and characters.

AP US Government & Politics Summer Study Packet

1. 1. Read chapters 1-2 of the American Government and complete the study guide for each of the chapters. Study guides can be accessed at http://jstedman.tripod.com/APGov/index.html under the link for 1st quarter assignments; follow the directions carefully! .2. Read the following selections from the Lanahan Readings in the American Polity: . The American Political Tradition, Richard Hofstadter . The Federalist 10, James Madison . The Federalist 51, James Madison . The Federalist 39 and 46, James Madison . The Anti-Federalist Papers No. 17 (use the link: http://www.thisnation.com/library/antifederalist/17.html ) . Anti-Federalist Papers No. 84 (use the link: http://www.thisnation.com/library/antifederalist/84.html) There will be quiz on these chapters and readings on the first day of class. 3. Write a complete essay that answers the following question. Analyze the goals of the federalists in creating a new, Constitutional government; what fears / concerns did the antifederalists have towards the proposed new government? In what ways did the federalists attempt to counter the arguments of the anti-federalists?

Please underline your thesis statement and provide specific examples to support your thesis statement. Essays must be typed, double spaced, and edited for spelling and grammar errors. This is an assessment of your ability to understand, analyze and incorporate primary source material with secondary source material; it is also an assessment of your writing skills. Give me your best effort!

AP US History Summer Study Packet

I. Read chapters 1-4 of the American Pageant and complete the study guide for each of the four chapters. Study guides can be accessed at http://jstedman.tripod.com/APUS/index.html; follow the Study Guide directions (http://jstedman.tripod.com/APUS/hw_directions.html) carefully! 1. 2. There will be quiz on these chapters on the first day of class. 2. 3. Read the packet of primary sources that explores the relationship between the Native Americans and the early European settlers. Then, using the information from the American Pageant and the packet, write a complete essay that answers the following question. Ouestion: Early encounters between American Indians and European colonists led to a variety of relationships among the different cultures. Analyze how the actions taken by BOTH American Indians and European colonists shaped those relationships in the following regions. Confine your answer to the 1600s. New England Chesapeake Spanish Southwest Please underline your thesis statement and provide specific examples to support your thesis statement. Essays must be typed, double spaced, and edited for spelling and grammar errors. This is an assessment of your ability to understand, analyze and incorporate primary source material with secondary source material as well an assessment of your writing skills. Give me your best effort!

AP European History
Summer Assignment Read Chapters 10, 11, 12 For each chapter please answer the corresponding study questions. Chapter 10 Renaissanc e, Section I Please answer 3 of

the 6 1. 1. In detail, explain the formation, rise to power and control that despots had th on Italian society in the 15 century. Was the rule subtle or blatant? Who were the main ruling despot families of this era? As a result of this rule, what other aspects of society were influenced? In what ways? 2. 2. It is better to will the good than to know the truth. These words from Petrarchs teaching become the will motto of many later humanists. In your own words explain the context of this quote. How did it influence later humanists? What is dangerous about knowing the truth? How is ignorance also its own danger? 3. 3. Examine the excerpt Pico Della Mirandola States the Renaissance Image of Man. How significant is the choice outlined in this excerpt? Are the basic opinions limited? Do they differ from what the church thought lifes limits and options were? What do you believe is Mirandolas definition of free will? Explain. 4. 4. Examine the excerpt Michelangelo and Pope Julius II. Was Michelangelo pushed aside or bullied by the pope or did he hold his own? What does the interchange suggest about the relationship of patrons and artists in the Renaissance? Were great artists like Michelangelo so revered that they could do virtually as they pleased? 5. 5. Examine the excerpt Machiavelli Discusses the Most Important Trait for a Ruler. What does Machiavelli believe is the most important trait for a ruler? How does one obtain or acquire this trait? How does Machiavelli describe men in general? Is this image favorable? Do you agree with Machiavellis argument of love and fear? Explain. 6. 6. What were the principal effects of the European voyages of discovery? Do you think these effects were, on the whole, positive or negative? Section II. Please answer 3 of the 6. 1. 7. Compare and contrast the Renaissance with the Late Middle Ages. 2. 8. To what extent is the Renaissance a departure from the past? 3. 9. To what extent did Renaissance humanism impact affect the view of the individual? 4. 10. Analyze the influence of humanism on Renaissance art. Select at three artists and analyze at least work for each artist. 5. 11. Analyze the impact of patronage on Renaissance art. 6. 12. To what extent were women impacted by the Renaissance? Identify: (who, what, where, when, why) The Renaissance Humanism Petrarch Dante Boccaccio Erasmus Despotism

De Medici Renaissance Art and Artists The Four Giants (artists) Italys Political Decline and the French Invasions Niccolo Machiavelli The Northern Renaissance The Holy Roman Empire The impact of the printing press Voyages of discovery

Chapter 11 Reformation, Section I Please answer 2 of the 5 questions 1. 1. Discuss the emergence of the Protestant Reformation. Who were the central players, and what societal factors contributed to their emergence as leaders of the Reformation? 2. 2. Why was Martin Luthers message appealing to many German princes? How did they use his critique of the Church to strengthen their own political positions? 3. 3. With reference to German Peasants Protest Rising Feudal Exactions on page 363, explain how such an uprising and the social and economic conditions that gave rise to it could be viewed as the major historical force in early modern history. Pay special attention to the nature of the peasants demands and what issues they choose to emphasize. 4. 4. With reference to Zwingli Lists the Errors of the Roman Church on page 366, what are the major issues Zwingli chooses to address? How are the issues he chooses to address indicative of his reformat-based ideology? 5. How did the peace of Augsburg affect the spread of Calvinism throughout Europe? Do you believe it acted as a driving or hindering force? Explain. Section II. Please answer 4 of the following 11. 5. 6. What were the reforms enacted by the Council of Trent? 6. 7. Which and how and why did new religious orders form in response to the Reformation? 7. 8. Discuss the changing characteristics of marriage in Western Europe Between 1500 and 1800. What factors contributed to this attention? Do you believe the change to have been a positive one? 8. 9. Who were the main protagonists in Miguel de Cervantes Don Quixote? What do these characters reveal about Spanish society at large? Do you believe that any of Cervantes past experiences contributed to this particular point of view? Explain. 9. 10. Analyze the causes of the Protestant Reformation. 10. 11. Compare and contrast the doctrines and practices of Lutheranism and Calvinism with doctrines and practices of Catholicism. 11. 12. To what extent did Renaissance humanism result in the Reformation? 12. 13. Compare and contrast the English Reformation with Luthers reformation in Germany.

13. 14. Analyze the impact of the Reformation upon European politics and society in th the 16 century. Be sure to consider Germany, England, France and the Netherlands. 14. 15. To what extent did the Catholic Church succeed in reaching its goals during the Counter Reformation? 15. 16. Analyze how Baroque art and architecture reflect the ideals of the Catholic Reformation? Identify: The Reformation State of Affairs of the Medieval Church Martin Luther German Reformation Geneva, why was this a sanctuary for Protestants Diet of Worms Charles the V Zwingli John Calvin Diet of Augsburg, Peace of Augsburg English Reformation Henry VIII Thomas More Thomas Cromwell Thomas Cranmer The Jesuits The Council of Trent Family Life impacted by the Reformation William Shakespeare Miguel de Cervantes

Chapter 12: The Age of Religious Wars, Section I Please answer 3 of the 6. 1. 1. Examine in detail the balancing act the French monarchy performed between the French Catholics and the Huguenots. What position did each monarch take? Why? What can you conclude as you examine the link between politics and religion? How did these events lead to the Saint Bartholomews Day Massacre? Could this incident have been avoided? Explain. 2. 2. Examine the excerpt Henry IV Recognizes Huguenot Religious Freedom. Are Huguenots given equal religious standing with Catholics? Are there limitations on their freedom? Based on your knowledge of the period and Henry IVs circumstances, do you feel that the Edict of Nantes was fair? In your opinion, what additional provisions should it have provided or removed? 3. 3. Examine Map 12-1. What geographic feature divides the United Netherlands from the Spanish Netherlands? What other distinct feature, as described, distinguishes the two regions? Based on your knowledge of the era, explain the cause(s) of this well-defined split. How was this divide resolved? What is the current status of both regions today? 4. 4. Refer to the excerpt An Unknown Contemporary Describes Queen Elizabeth. What qualities of Elizabeth impressed this observer? Why did the queen take such care with her appearance? How did Elizabeth portray herself in public or among suitors?

5. 5. Analyze the impact that religion played on the Dutch Revolt, The French Civil Wars, The Thirty Years War, and the English Civil War. .6. Analyze the extent to which the religious policies of the following rulers were successful: .a. Philip II .b. Henry IV .c. Elizabeth I .d. James I and Charles I .e. Oliver Cromwell Section II. Please answer 2 of the following 4. 1. 7. To what degree did religion and politics play in the Thirty Years War? 2. 8. Analyze the impact of the Thirty Years War on European politics. 3. 9. To what extent did the wars of religion result in the decline of the Spanish Empire? 4. 10. Analyze the causes of the English Civil War and the impact of Puritan rule on English politics and society. Identify: Religious Wars The French Wars Huguenots Catherine de Medici Guises Bourbons Montmorency-Chatillons War over Calvinism Political/Religious Turmoil Saint Bartholomews Day Massacre, cause and consequence Rise of Henry Navarre how did he seize the opportunity to gain power, how does he exemplify a politique? Imperial Spain how did they emerge and disappear as a European power? Phillip II Netherlands Revolt Establishment of the Anglican Church Involvement of Spain Thirty Years War Four Phases Consequences of the Thirty Years War

Essay Question: Please write a 5 paragraph essay answering the following the question:

Describe and analyze the ways in which the development of printing altered both the culture and the religion of Europe during the period 1450-1600. Please take as long as you wish preparing for the essay by reading and considering possible approaches to answering the question. Allow only 1 hour for the actual writing of the essay. You may spend time proofreading for spelling and grammar but do not significantly alter the essay. MLA. Typed. Texts: Main Text: Kagan, Donald., Ozment, Steven., Turner, Frank M., The Western Heritage: AP Edition. New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2007.

Primary Source Reader: Kashlansky, Mark A., ed. Sources of the West: Readings in Western Civilization. 7th ed. Volume II. New York: Longman, 2008.

The summer assignments are due the first day of class. Please manage your time and complete these assignments prior to the first day of class. AP courses are college level classes and require greater commitment as well as more time and attention than even honors level classes. Should you be unable to complete this summer assignment, you might need to reconsider your class selection. The material for European History excites and interests students and teachers across the world and is sure to grab your attention. I am more than happy to answer any of your questions via email and am already looking forward to exploring European History with you in the fall! Read closely, write clearly, work hard! Mr. Slonkosky