HIST 103 Final Exam Study Sheet Salah al-Din Yusuf 1137 119,3 united and lead the

he Muslim world in Egypt 1187, he recaptured Jerusalem for the Muslims after defeating the King of Jerusalem at the Battle of Hattin 1189 1193, this was the start of the 3rd Crusade. It was led by Richard I (Richard the Lionheart), Emperor Frederick Barbarossa of Germany, and King Philip II of France Eventually agreed to a truce: Jerusalem under Muslim control but Christian pilgrims can freely travel there Richard Coeur-de-Lion r. 1189 1199 inherited the Angevine Empire Went on the 3rd Crusade -> the royal bureaucracy was much better at governing the kingdom Made the peace treaty with Salah al-Din Philip II Augustus 1165 1223, King of France (r. 1180 1123) Paris becomes capital & most important city in France Strengthened central gov by establishing royal officials (bailiffs) to preside over kings court, collect tax Philip's most important reform was the creation of a class of salaried administrative officers, the bailiffs, to supervise local administration of the domain. guilds org. created by the citizens to serve the common interests of each occupation. Merchant and artisan guilds A guild would make sure that anything made by a guild member was up to standard and was sold for a fair price Guild became powerful -> commercial revolution Increase in urbanization and vital to medieval towns economic & social Bahya ibn Pakuda 1059 1111 A Jewish philosopher, emphasize on piety in heart rather than limb, pietism inner religious life (words) Mysticism & cabala (99 names of God) canon law Church Law Law in High Middle Ages represented power, authority, income, respect Show the increasing importance of law The development of Canon Law was important for papal power Magna Carta This charter was drawn up in 1215 between the King John I and his barons, English barons rebel against him Its an example of a limited monarchy where the actions of the king are being limited by his barons Lead to the emergence of Constitutional monarchy Reconquista reconquest of Spain from the Moslems a period of almost 800 yrs in the Middle Ages, several Christian kingdoms succeeded in retaking Christian territory previously lost to Muslim The last Muslim stronghold, Granada, fell in 1492 agrarian revolution Most peoples time was dedicated to gathering food The goal was to produce a surplus, to be above survival Factors: changing climate, upgraded technology; we moved beyond this level

HIST 103 Final Exam Study Sheet Domesday Book 1086 It was a survey, or census, commissioned by the Norman Conqueror King William I, of his newly conquered lands and possessions in England assist with the Norman administration of England and impose relevant taxes studium generale term for university during medieval time University of Bologna, Paris, Oxford Seen as an institution of international excellence by HRE parish Area served by local church & priests Bishops, churches from monasteries, family churches all founded parishes Sites for community festivals & gatherings Hugh Capet r. 987 996 elected as king after folding of Carolingian Dynasty the first King of France from Carolingian dynasty Fourth Lateran Council 1215, convoked by Pope Innocent III 7 sacraments => to bind the community together Baptism, confirmation, matrimony, holy orders, extreme unction, penance, Eucharist Cathars/Albigensians Very powerful heretical group in Southern France & direct thread to Church Protest against ecclesiastical wealth & power (bishop wearing gold) Dualist descended from Zoroastrianism stigmata Bodily marks of pain in place corresponding to the crucifixion wounds of Jesus (e.g. hands, feet) In some cases, rope marks on the wrists have accompanied the wounds on the hands St. Francis of Assisi was the first recorded stigmatic in Christian history Concordat of Worms 1122 Agreement between Pope Calixtus II and Henry V (near the city of Worms) Brought to an end the conflict between papacy and HRE St Dominic 1170 1221 Founder of the Order of Friars Preachers (OFP) Order the clergy to go out and preach The Two Swords theory The are 2 powers by which chiefly this world is ruled by o The sacred authority of the priesthood o Authority of kings Priest weightier Moses Maimonides 1135 1204

HIST 103 Final Exam Study Sheet Jewish philosopher and wrote The Guide Of The Perplexed Theres no complexity in reason & faith St Francis of Assisi d. 1226 founded the Franciscan order Order of the Friars Minor (OFM) The first person to bear the wounds of Christs passion, stigmata Urban II r. 1088 1099 crusade would help papacy be at head of popular movement & be moral leader of Europe gave sermon at Council of Clemont (1095), calling for a liberation of Holy Land from infidel hands Normans Viking, French, Christian blend The part of Northern France where they lived is called Normandy The Normans reigned in England from the time of William the Conqueror's They played a major political, military, and cultural role in medieval Europe Sichelgaita 1040 1090 Lombard princess & wife of Robert Guscard (1058), Italian bandit leader who became leader of all Normans in region Often accompany Robert on his conquest Henry II of England r. 1154 1189 ruled over territories in England & Continent after Stephen died son of Matilda & Geoffrey Plantagenet the first Plantagenet King of England Thomas Becket a friend of Henry II 1162 Henry appointed Becket to post as Archbishop of Canterbury. Henry wanted English church under royal control Conflicts btw former friends arise Becket murdered in the cathedral & his tomb becomes pilgrimage site Drang nach Osten German; push eastward Christianization, Germanization & Europeanization of Slavic lands A grassroots affair and slow, but steady Gregorian Reform A series of reforms initiated by Pope Gregory VII to ban lay investiture Dealt with the moral integrity & independence of clergy Most tense moment between church and state during 11th C Gratian called the Father of Canon Law The Decretum is a collection of Canon law compiled and written in the 12th C as a legal textbook by the jurist known as Gratian Gratian, was a 12th C canon lawyer from Bologna. Great Famine

HIST 103 Final Exam Study Sheet

the 1st of a series of large scale crises that struck Europe in early 14th C

rains of 1314, series of poor harvest that lead to famine of 1315 1322 caused 10% of European population to die Black Death The medieval people called it the great plague 3 diseases: bubonic, pneumonic & septicemia plague brought by fleas that were on rats that came to Europe on the ships of Italian merchants, generally followed the path of trade It was a turning point in European history -> over half of the population of Europe died flagellants People who do self-inflicted whipping Viewing the plague as a punishment from God, some sought to end God's anger through flagellation Flagellants reached its peak of popularity during the Black Death English Peasants Revolt 1381 One of a number of popular revolts in late medieval Europe A mark of the end of serfdom in medieval England