U . E .

C O L E G IO S A N L U IS CA RA CAS
FR OS P P SCAN ANCI

U.E. Colegio San Luis

Hnos. Franciscanos

PLAN DE CTEDRA Y EVALUACIN

Profesor(a): ANDREINA BARONI Asignatura INGLS Grado/Ao:. 5to. Ao Escolar: 2.010-2.011. Lapso: Tercero. Total de Horas Semanales: 15
SEMANA -125/04/2011 29/04/2011 CONTENIDO ESTRATEGIA METODOLGICA ESTRATEGIA DE EVALUACIN PONDERACIN

-202/05/2011 06/05/2011 -309/05/2011 13/05/2011 -416/05/2011 20/05/2011 -523/05/2011 27/05/2011 -630/05/2011 03/06/2011

Inicio III Lapso. Workbook Entrega de Plan de ctedra (estudiantes y Dpto.) Unit 8 Getting around. Vocabulary. Page 62 Participle clauses. Video Beam. Workbook Pages 63,64 Reading. The laws in Extra material Iran Unit 10 Beyond Belief Workbook / Cds Vocabulary and listening Relative clauses. Pages Workbook. Video Beam 79-80 Mini presentation Oral acivity unit 12. Clauses of Workbook concession, contrast and addition Evaluacin Materia Workbook pendiente 4ta. Oportunidad 94,95,96

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Sumativa Formativa

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Writing

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-813/06/2011 17/06/2008

- 920/06/2011 24/06/2011 - 1027/06/2011 01/07/2011

Test Units 8 10 and Repaso 12 Ensayo para el talent show. TALENT SHOW Correccin del workbook Semana de evaluacin cierre de III lapso Semana de evaluacin cierre de III lapso

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Consejo Docente 4 Asueto 5 de Julio

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Total Semanas: 12

Fecha tope Entrega de Notas: 04 / 07 / 11 Consejo Docente: 06 / 07 / 11 Entrega de Boletines: 08 Julio (el 10% restante ser aplicado por actitud, uso del idioma y asistencia)

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Firma del Profesor(a)

PARTICIPLE CLAUSES What is the difference in meaning between these two sentences: Seeing an accident ahead, I stopped my car. Having seen an accident ahead, I stopped my car There is not very much difference in meaning between these two pairs of sentences. Sometimes we can use an -ing or past participle clause with similar meanings, as here, although use of the past participle form emphasises that the first action has been completed before the second action begins. Thus, we could paraphrase these two sentences as follows: Having seen an accident ahead, I stopped my car. I noticed that there had been an accident ahead and stopped my car. Seeing an accident ahead, I stopped my car. When I saw the accident ahead, I stopped my car. In general, we tend not to use participle clauses so much in speech. They are too formal. In speech we would probably say: However, in written English participial clauses can be very useful. As you can see from the examples above, when the subject in the participle clause is the same as the participle in the main clause, they enable us to say the same thing, but with fewer words. participial clauses = adverbial clauses Participial clauses often express condition, reason, cause, result or time in a similar way to full adverbial clauses, only more economically. Compare the following:

Used sparingly, this face cream should last you until Christmas. If you use it sparingly, this face cream should last you until Christmas. Having taken the wrong train, I found myself in Bath, not Bristol. Because I had taken the wrong train, I found myself in Bath, not Bristol. Passing the theatre on my right, I walked up the steps and could see all the lights on the Thames ahead of me. After I had passed the theatre on my right, I walked up the steps and could see all the lights on the Thames ahead of me.

Note from the above examples that the -ing form participle is used to talk about past, as well as present events, e.g.: Talking to you I always feel that my problems will be solved. By talking to you, I always feel that my problems will be solved. participle clauses following conjunctions and prepositions Participle clauses, with -ing particularly, can be used after various conjunctions and prepositions, such as: when, while, before, after, on, without, instead of. Note the following examples: Remember to take all your belongings with you when leaving the train. I sprained my ankle while playing tennis. Before entering the mosque you must take off your shoes. After taking everything into consideration, we decided to sell the house. After having driven 300 miles across country, I arrived to find the house had been sold. On hearing that my sister was planning to marry him, I decided to leave the flat to her. Without wanting to seem rude, I must tell you that you are ungrateful. Instead of listening to my advice, she walked out without saying goodbye. Note from the above examples that the participle clause normally, but not invariably, comes in front of the main clause

having been + past participle Note that this passive structure can also be used in participle clauses as an alternative to a since-clause Having been invited to the party by Prince William himself, we could hardly refuse to go. ( = Since we had been invited) Having been deprived of food for over twenty days, the castaway was fed intravenously at first. Having been unemployed for over two years, I found it difficult to get work.

How to Form Relative Clauses

Imagine, a girl is talking to Tom. You want to know who she is and ask a friend whether he knows her. You could say:

A girl is talking to Tom. Do you know the girl?

That sounds rather complicated, doesn't it? It would be easier with a relative clause: you put both pieces of information into one sentence. Start with the most important thing you want to know who the girl is.

Do you know the girl

As your friend cannot know which girl you are talking about, you need to put in the additional information the girl is talking to Tom. Use the girl only in the first part of the sentence, in the second part replace it with the relative pronoun (for people, use the relative pronoun who). So the final sentence is:

Do you know the girl who is talking to Tom?

Relative Pronouns
relative pronoun use example

who

subject or object pronoun for people

I told you about the woman who lives next door.

which

subject or object pronoun for animals and things

Do you see the cat which is lying on the roof?

which

referring to a whole sentence

He couldnt read which surprised me.

whose

possession for people animals and things

Do you know the boy whose mother is a nurse?

whom

object pronoun for people, especially in non-defining relative clauses (in defining relative clauses we colloquially prefer who)

I was invited by the professor whom I met at the conference.

that

subject or object pronoun for people, animals and thingsI dont like the table that stands in the in defining relative clauses (who or which are also kitchen. possible)

Subject Pronoun or Object Pronoun?

Subject and object pronouns cannot be distinguished by their forms - who, which, that are used for subject and object pronouns. You can, however, distinguish them as follows: If the relative pronoun is followed by a verb, the relative pronoun is a subject pronoun. Subject pronouns must always be used.

the apple which is lying on the table

If the relative pronoun is not followed by a verb (but by a noun or pronoun), the relative pronoun is an object pronoun. Object pronouns can be dropped in defining relative clauses, which are then called Contact Clauses.

the apple (which) George lay on the table

Relative Adverbs
A relative adverb can be used instead of a relative pronoun plus preposition. This often makes the sentence easier to understand.

This is the shop in which I bought my bike. This is the shop where I bought my bike.
relative adverb meaning use example

when

in/on which

refers to a time expression

the day when we met him

where

in/at which

refers to a place

the place where we met him

why

for which

refers to a reason

the reason why we met him

Defining Relative Clauses

Defining relative clauses (also called identifying relative clauses or restrictive relative clauses) give detailed information defining a general term or expression. Defining relative clauses are not put in commas. Imagine, Tom is in a room with five girls. One girl is talking to Tom and you ask somebody whether he knows this girl. Here the relative clause defines which of the five girls you mean.

Do you know the girl who is talking to Tom?

Defining relative clauses are often used in definitions.

A seaman is someone who works on a ship.

Object pronouns in defining relative clauses can be dropped. (Sentences with a relative clause without the relative pronoun are called Contact Clauses.)

The boy (who/whom) we met yesterday is very nice.

Non-Defining Relative Clauses

Non-defining relative clauses (also called non-identifying relative clauses or nonrestrictive relative clauses) give additional information on something, but do not define it. Non-defining relative clauses are put in commas. Imagine, Tom is in a room with only one girl. The two are talking to each other and you ask somebody whether he knows this girl. Here the relative clause is nondefining because in this situation it is obvious which girl you mean.

Do you know the girl, who is talking to Tom?

Note: In non-defining relative clauses, who/which may not be replaced with that. Object pronouns in non-defining relative clauses must be used.

Jim, who/whom we met yesterday, is very nice.

How to Shorten Relative Clauses?

Relative clauses with who, which, that as subject pronoun can be replaced with a participle. This makes the sentence shorter and easier to understand.

I told you about the woman who lives next door. I told you about the woman living next door. Do you see the cat which is lying on the roof? Do you see the cat lying on the roof?

CONNECTORS
RULES Linking words are extremely important since they indicate the relationship between ideas. Note that connectives can be grouped in two different ways. Firstly, they can be grouped according to meaning. For example but , although and however all have the same meaning and can all be used to join the two ideas below: X The computer manufacturers have agreed to replace the equipment free of charge. Y The new computers will not be installed for at least six months. However, grammatically but, although, and however are quite different. Look at the sentences which are produced when they are used:

1. The computer manufacturers have agreed to replace the computers free of charge, but the new computers will not be installed for at least three months. X, but Y . But is placed between two main ideas in one sentence. 2. Although the computer manufacturers have agreed to replace the computers free of charge, the new computers will not be installed for at least three months. Although X, Y. or Y, although X. Although is placed at the beginning of a support idea (X). There must be a main idea (Y) in the same sentence. 3. The computer manufacturers have agreed to replace the system free of charge. However, the new equipment will not be installed for at least three months. X. However, Y. The two ideas are placed in two separate sentences However comes at the beginning of the second sentence and is followed by a comma. Here you will find rules of how some of the most usual linking words are used, and some examples:

WORDS EXPRESSING RESULT:

So + adjetive/adverb + that + clause

-He was so tired that he went to bed early.

-The secretary types so quickly that she always has her work in time.

-The film was so boring that I went out before the end.

-He spoke Russian so well that everyone thought he was Russian.

Such + noun + that + clause

-It`s such a cold day that I will stay in bed.

-It was such a difficult exam (that) he knew he wouldnt pass it.
Notice

that can be left out in informal speech.

So + clause

-Mrs. Deam was sleeping, so she didn`t hear the thief.

-It was late so he decided to take a taxi home.

As a result, consequently, can begin a new sentence. And, as a result, is used in the middle of a sentence. Therefore often comes in the middle of a sentence ( it can also come at the beggining or the end )

-His wife left him and, as a result, he became very depressed.

-I studied a lot, as a result I got an exelLent mark.

-Zamorano trained hard for many years and, as a result, he became one of the best footbal players in Spain.

-The food was bad, therefore, we didn`t eat it.

WORDS EXPRESSING REASON:

Since, as, seeing that + clause often come before the main clause

-Since/Seeing that/As we arrived late, all the best seats had been taken.

Because + clause usually comes after the main clause

-We couldnt find a good seat because all the best ones had been taken.

-The translator came late because her car broke down.

Because of, as a result of, owing to and due to are followed by a noun or noun phrase.

-We are unable to go by train because of the rail strike.

-The Pope couldn`t travel because of the bad weather.

-Students have learnt a lot due to this new project.

-Many of the deaths of older people are due to heart attacks.

Notice

due to means Acaused

by@ or Aresulting from@

WORDS EXPRESSING PURPOSE:

We can use infinitives to(do) in order (not) to (do), so as (not) to expresspurpose.

-We came to the countryside to find some peace and quiet. -I went to the music shop to buy the last Eagles CD. -Be carefulwhen handling a knife in order not to get injured. -Handle the flowers carefully in order not to damage them.

Notice

in order to, so as to are more informal

So that, in order that + clause ( often with the verbs can, could, might, would in the clause )

-I turned off the radio so that I could hear my thoughts.

-He chose this University so that /in order that he could study English.

WORDS EXPRESING CONTRAST:

Although, even if, even though + clause can come before or after the main clause.

-Although/Even if/Even though the car is old,it is still reliable.

-Although I`m not used to interpret simultaneously, I did it quite well during my first day of work.

Notice

even though is more informal.

despite, in spite of + a noun or noun phrase or -ing form

-In spite of the noise, the students could study for their test.

-In spite of/Despite the rain,I went for a walk.

despite the fact that, in spite of the fact that + clause

-In spite of the fact that it was snowing, the festival took place as usual.

however can come at the beginning, in the middle or at the end of a sentence.

-Many people think that scientists are abusing of animals, however, the same people do nothing to stop the problem.

-Buying a house is expensive. It is, however, a good investment.

Though is more informal and comes at the end of a sentence.

- Im determined to buy a house this year,I dont know Where exactly, though.

- Its a big decision to make, though.

But, while, whereas are usually placed in the middle of two main clauses expresing contrasting ideas.

-John is very rich but/while/whereas his friends are extremely poor.

On the one hand and on the other handcan be used at the beginning, in the middle or at the end of two sentenses expresing contrasting ideas.

-On the one hand these computers are expensive. On the other hand they are exactly what we want.

on the other hand is often used at the beginning of the second sentence.
Notice

WORDS EXPRESSING TIME:

when, while, as and after + clause can come before or after the main clause.

-While/when/as I was driving along the road, I saw a terrible accident.

Whenever, every time + clause often come before the main clause for added emphasis.

-Whenever/Every time I see John, hes driving a different car.

First, then, later, etc. can be used to introduce a chain of events.

-First he closed all the windows,then he locked the doors. Later he came back to check that everything was all right.

During, all through and throughtout are followed by a noun or a noun phrase.

-During/All through the concert some people tried to get on the stage. -During/All through the summer we get a lot of visitors. -It rained heavily throughout the night.

WORDS EXPRESSING CONDITION:

Even if, as long as and unless + clause can be used before or after the main clause.

-Even if you are born rich, life is still difficult. -You can borrow the car as long as you are careful with it! -Marriage is a difficult stuff even if your husband is the best man in the world. -You cant come with me unless you promise to keep quiet.

Notice

unless means if...not

Whether + clause usually comes after the main clause and is often used in indirect questions with...or not.

-I'm not sure whether Richie Sambora recorded a long play with Cher or not. -I dont know whether you have met him or not.

certain verbs ( eg discuss ) can be followed by whether but not if.

-They discussed wether they should attend the Games.

after preposition and before to infinitives use whether but not if.

-It depends on whether the govrnment takes any action.

-The teachers will decide whether to impose the oral exam

in case + clause usually comes after the main clause.

-Take this umbrella in case it rains. -In the building there is a box that says Ain case of fire, break the glass@. in case of + noun ( often used in formal written notices )

Notice

WORDS EXPRESSING ADDITIONAL INFORMATION OR REINFORCIONG A POINT

Besides, in addition ( to that ) andfurthermore can be used at the beginning of the sentence following the first statement made.

-I dont really want to go out tonight.Besides there is a good film on TV.

-Mrs.Smith is an intelligent and stimulating teacher, furthermore she takes an interest in the personal well- being of her students.
Notice

besides is less formal, furthermore is more formal.

moreover can be used at the beginning or in the middle of the sentence which gives additional information

-This theory about the origins of the Universe is new.It is moreover, extremely interesting.

not only ...but also / as well can link two sentences, phrases or words to give additional information.

-The painting is not only valuable but also a work of art.

-She not only writes novels but she lectures as well.

-The house was not only large but it was also modern. but also are used together when there is no subject pronoun and verb in the second part of the sentence. But...also are separated when there is a verb in the second part of the sentence.
Notice

not only can come at the beginning of the first part of a sentence to emphasize what the speaker is saying. In this case, it is necessary to change the order of the subject and verb. In sentences like these the subject pronoun and verb in the second part of the sentence are usually mentioned andbut...also are separated

-Not only is the restaurant superb but it is also expensive.

as well as can be folllowed by a single word, a phrase or ...-ing.

-Pat speaks English fluently as well as German.

-They robbed a bank as well as apost office. -As well as being sent to prison they were fined $2000.

Too, as well as and not either are informal and usually come at the end of the sentence which gives additional information.

-They like Mexican food. I like mexican food too/as well. -My father likes to work with young people, I like it Too/ as well. -They arent very generous people. They havent got any friends either.

Vocabulary
To fill your time (ocupar el tiempo / hacer algo ) A subject closet o your heart (algo o alguien que te importa ) To keep some one quiet ( mantenerlo callado con algo ) A tight buget (estar apretados econmicamente) A well-worn path (a way everybody take) A big name ( persona famosa ) Off the beaten track (far away ) On top of the world ( extremadamente feliz ) Too good to be true ( muy bueno para ser verdad ) Not the end of the world ( no es tan grave el problema ) It goes witout saying ( esta sobreentendido) Easier said than donde ( mas facil decirlo que hacerlo ) Jump at the chance ( tomar una oportunidad ) Going round in circles ( hablar sobre algo por mucho tiempo sin llegar a nada) At the crack of dawn (levantarse de madrugada) It just goes to show ( como se demuestra) Cult ( culto) Dosh ( dinero ) Stroppy ( responder feo siempre) To be mixed up in (meter a alguien en el problema ) To draw someone into ( manipular a alaguien para que haga algo malo )

To clam up ( callarse) Undue ( extremandamente ) Gspel ( la verdad )

Test
Complete the definitions.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

A banana A hat

A pony

A dentist A bus

Decide whether the relative pronoun is correct or not. 1. The postman which works in this village is very old. correct
2.

not correct The egg which is in the nest is brown. correct not correct Where is the bed who was in the attic? correct not correct The bottles that are lying on the floor are green. correct not correct The cowboy who is wearing the red shirt is very funny. correct not correct

3.

4.

5.

Complete the sentences with relative clauses in simple present. Use who or which.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

This is the man (work at the station) The tree (grow in the garden) The man (go jogging)

is an apple tree.

every Friday is my neighbour.

The elephants (live in Africa)

have big ears.

Turn left at the yellow house (be opposite)

the petrol station.

Before submitting the test, check the following:

Got the spelling right? Put in the full stop or question mark where required?

Used the correct key to type the apostrophe (Shift and #)?

In the test we cannot give you a second try. Such careless mistakes would therefore cost you valuable points.