Zambia - Assessment of Agricultural Information Needs

ASSESSMENT OF AGRICULTURAL INFORMATION NEEDS IN AFRICAN, CARIBBEAN & PACIFIC (ACP) STATES SOUTHERN AFRICA
Country Study: Zambia Report prepared by Davy Simumba on behalf of the Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation (CTA)
Project: 4-7-41-209-6/f
20/12/2007
Disclaimer
This report has been commissioned by the CTA to enhance its monitoring of the information needs in ACP counties. CTA does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this report, nor does it accept responsibility for any use made thereof. The views and opinions expressed in this report are those of the author alone and do not necessarily reflect the views of CTA. CTA reserves the right to select projects and recommendations that fall with in its mandate.
(ACP-EU) Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation (CTA) Agro Business Park 2 6708 PW Wageningen The Netherlands Website: www.cta.int E-mail: cta@cta.int
Zambia Assessment of Agricultural Information Needs
Acknowledgements
The consultant thanks those that kindly gave their time, provided useful information and shared their knowledge for the completion of this report. In particular I would like to thank the people from key institutions listed in the annex, who showed much patience whilst being subjected to lengthy and involving interviews. Special thanks to Lloyd Mbulwe for additional support and facilitating the stakeholders feedback meeting.
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List of Acronyms
ACP AGOA AMIC ASP CDT CGIAR CLUSA CSO CTA DOF DORA EPA EU FAO FSRP GDP GIS GRZ ICM ICRISAT ICT IICD IMF ISTT JICA LDC LDT LWF MCTP MDGs MTENR MFNP MACO MCATP NAIS NISIR NTEs NRDC PROFIT QAS SADC SPGRC TAC UNDP UNZA WVZ YWCA ZARD ZARI ZAWA ZNBC ZNFU Africa, Caribbean and Pacific African Growth and Opportunities Act Agriculture Market Information Centre Agriculture Support Programme Cotton Development Trust Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research Cooperative League of the United States of America Central Statistics Office Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Development Department of Fisheries Distribution of Reference Books on Agriculture European Partnership Agreement European Union Food and Agriculture Organisation Food Security Research Project Gross Domestic Product Geographic Information Systems Government Republic of Zambia Information and Communication Management International Crop Research Institute for the Semi Arid Tropics Information and Communication Technologies International Institute for Communication and Development International Monetary Fund In-Service Training Trust Japanese International Cooperation Agency Least Developed Country Livestock Development Trust Lutheran World Federation Millennium Challenge Threshold Project Millennium Development Goals Ministry of Tourism, Environment and Natural Resources Ministry of Finance and National Planning Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives Millennium Challenge Account Threshold Project National Agriculture Information Services National Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research Non-Traditional Exports Natural Resources Development College Production Financing and Technology Question and Answer Service Southern African Development Community SADC Plant Genetic Resources Total Allowable Catch United Nations Development Programme University of Zambia World Vision Zambia Young Womens Christian Association Zambia Association for Research and Development Zambia Agriculture Research Institute Zambia Wildlife Authority Zambia National Broadcasting Corporation Zambia National Farmers Union
Exchange rate on 8 May 2006: 1 USD$ = ZMK 4,320

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Table of Contents
Acknowledgements.................................................................................................................. ii List of Acronyms ..................................................................................................................... iii Table of Contents.................................................................................................................... iv Executive summary................................................................................................................. vi 1. INTRODUCTION.........................................................................................................9 2. COUNTRY PROFILE ................................................................................................10 2.1 Agriculture, Fisheries, Forestry and Livestock...........................................................11 2.1.1 Agriculture 11 2.1.2 Fisheries 12 2.1.3 Forestry 13 2.1.4 Pastorialism 13 2.2 Brief Description of the Status of ICT Infrastructure and Recent Developments in the Sector........................................................................................................................14 3. STATUS OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION FOR AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT ..........................................................................................15 3.1 Institutional and Regulatory Policy Framework..........................................................15 3.2 Operational Aspects ..................................................................................................16 3.2.1 Description of agricultural information and services 16 3.2.2 Information sources 17 3.2.3 Information products and services provided 19 3.2.4 Information and communication management capacity 20 3.3 Interventions Supporting Information and Communication for Agriculture and Rural Development .............................................................................................................22 4. INSTITUTIONAL NEEDS ANALYSIS (MAIN BOTTLENECKS AND SHORTCOMINGS) ...................................................................................................24 4.1 Information Needs .....................................................................................................24 4.1.1 Current Information Needs 24 4.1.2 Future Information Needs 25 4.2 Capacity-building Needs (IC Policies & Strategies, Sensitisation, Networking, Skills, Training, Media, ICT, Equipment)..............................................................................26 5. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS..........................................................29 5.1 Conclusions...............................................................................................................29 5.1.1 Information needs 29 5.1.2 Capacity building needs 30 5.1.3 Potential partners and beneficiaries 30 5.2 Recommendations ....................................................................................................31 5.2.1 Information needs 31 5.2.2 Capacity Building needs 32 5.2.3 Potential Strategic Partner Institutions 33 6. PROPOSED CTA INTERVENTION STRATEGY AND ACTION PLAN .....................34 ANNEXES..............................................................................................................................37 Annex 1. Terms of Reference ................................................................................................38 Annex 2. Country Profile [Zambia] ......................................................................................44 2.1. General agriculture profile (from available documentation)..........................................44 2.1.1 Size of agricultural population (male/female) ...................................................44 2.1.2 Farmed land, forests, fishing areas ..................................................................45 2.1.3 Agricultural systems .........................................................................................47 2.1.4 Agriculture in the economy (percent GDP).......................................................49 2.1.5 Main agricultural produce and secondary products ..........................................49 2.1.6 Main export markets ........................................................................................52 2.1.7 Trade Agreements that include agriculture.......................................................53 2.1.8 Sectoral Policy Related to Agriculture, fisheries and forests ............................54 2.1.9 Institutional and Regulatory Policy Framework for Information and Communication ................................................................................................61 2.2. Social Economic profile (from available documentation).............................................62 2.3. Media and telecommunications ...................................................................................65
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Annex 3. Profile of institutions ................................................................................................76 3.1 List of all institutions 76 3.2 Select List of Key Institutions 86 4. List of Institutions / Persons Interviewed ..........................................................................153 5. Bibliography .....................................................................................................................155
Executive summary
Introduction The Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation (CTA) works primarily through intermediary organisations and partners (non-governmental organisations, farmers organisations) to promote agricultural and rural development and to deliver its various information products and capacity building services. By partnering with these organisations, CTA seeks to increase the number of ACP organisations capable of generating information and developing their own information and communication management strategies. This study is one of the ten assessments of agricultural information needs for CTAs products and services in ACP Africa, Zambia, which forms the focus of this report. Objectives of the study The objectives of the study are to increase involvement of existing CTAs partners in the exercise to draw attention to CTA products and services and compile baseline data on the status of ICM and ICTs in agricultural and rural development in Zambia. Methodology The country profile was produced through a desktop study that relied heavily on information available on the Internet and additional information was obtained from various institutions within Zambia, internationally and from key informants. Through the desk study I was able to identify a list of twenty-two key institutions. This list was discussed with CTA and informants in Zambia. Twenty key institutions were then interviewed face-to-face, the results of which form the basis of this report. Expected results This study will provide: 1) an inventory of the status of agricultural information services, institutions and other actors and their needs as they relate to physical infrastructure, information availability and access and human capacity development; 2) an assessment of the current and/or planned interventions of the government and bi-or multilateral agencies in the field of information for agriculture and rural development; 3) an overview of the needs of potential partners for CTA activities and services in terms of building capacity for information and communication management; 4) a short-list of potential partners/beneficiaries for CTA activities and services; 5) baseline data to facilitate subsequent monitoring activities. The study will also provide a framework for CTA to develop a framework for action and fashion a strategy aimed at institutions in countries emerging from conflict situations and provide input into its 2007-2010 strategic plan. Findings The agriculture sector has contributed 18% to GDP over the past decade and accounts for 70% of Zambias working population. Non-traditional agriculture-based export earnings have increased tremendously since 1999. The main exports are sugar, cotton, tobacco, cut flowers and coffee. The Zambian fisheries are important as it provides employment to the people. However, its contribution to the GDP in the entire agriculture sector constitutes a small proportion of 5.7%. Zambia launched its Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Policy on 28th March 2007. Since independence in 1964 there was no policy or strategy with regard to the management of agricultural information. Zambia has a modest ICT infrastructure which is concentrated in the cities, towns and urban areas. Until around 1992 telecommunications, information technology, electronic media and postal services were all controlled by the government. Infrastructure capacity has deteriorated due to technology changes and the system inadequacies.
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Lack of organised information and communication management coupled with poor information flow from subject matter specialists and weak linkages between information sources and end-users is a major problem for all institutions. Information exchange and sharing is difficult within government and it is worse for institutions which are outside of government. Though most institutions have communication departments, budgets for information management tend to be very low. There is few staff with skills in ICT, and computers are very old and Internet connectivity is a luxury. However, recent liberalisation of the economy has not spared the ICT sector. There are over twelve ISP providers, over seventy-five private radio stations broadcasting in several vernacular languages and about four private TV stations. Lack of an effective policy on private radio and TV stations is hampering the flow of agriculture information especially due to the bureaucracy in government. Most institutions have no capacity to develop content due to lack of skills in information products development. Websites vary in the effectiveness as most of them tend to be reflections of their institutions and current work programmes rather than being designed specifically to disseminate information, reports, research studies, videos that are produced as advocacy tools. There is a lot of duplication of efforts in the agricultural sector including the Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives as the Management Information System is not yet in place to document the various sources of data, types, formats, intermediaries and end users. There is a general lack of metadata. Conclusions Zambias Structural Adjustment Programme, the Fifth National Development Plan and the ICT National Policy are all measures to increase economic growth in all sectors including agriculture. Zambia depends on donor funding to meet over a quarter of its budgetary requirements. Bureaucracy and the weak capacity and capability to publish data and information across institutions are hampering economic growth. Policies and programmes to create public awareness of available information are lacking. Most agricultural related institutions have no access to the Internet and have not yet started developing websites. There are inadequate skills in the area of database development and management, website design and content development. Stakeholders including farmers are at a loss on technical information since institutions are failing to adequately exploit radio, mobile phones and television for the dissemination of information. Agricultural information needs in Zambia range from broad rural development such as farm problems, government and international regulations to facilitate trade and strengthen associations of farmers and fisherfolk and on successful implementation of micro-credit schemes to technical information such as integrated pest management, low cost technologies to increase production and to conserve perishable products and prevent post-harvest losses. Institutions expressed need for accurate and up-to-date information in journals and bulletins on the developments in food security, rural livelihoods and participatory methods including economic information such as credit and micro-credit, market data and commodity profiles. ICM and ICT skills are very limited in all agricultural institutions in Zambia. Potential partners for CTA in Zambia are Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives, National Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research, In-Service Training Trust,
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University of Zambia, Radio Mano and Lyambai, Zambia National Farmers Union, Zambia Wildlife Authority and Young Womens Christian Association Recommendations CTAs products and services should be geared towards the provision of technical and marketing information for the domestic food crop sub-sector, Integrated Pest Management systems, post-harvest handling of crops with a view to facilitate compliance with the AGOA requirements and improved production techniques and export marketing information for Zambias non-traditional export crops. There is need for CTA to continue with its development of a wide range of targeted training opportunities regarding information management for staff in relevant agricultural institutions in Zambia. On top of the agenda is the development of information strategies. Capacity building is required on how to pass information onto low literacy levels, packaging, storage and effective writing. CTA should go into partnership and sign Memorandum of Understanding with institutions such as the Zambia Agriculture Research Institute, Zambia National Farmers Union, University of Zambia, Young Womens Christian Association, Zambia Wildlife Authority, National Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research, National Agricultural Information Services, Radio Mano and Lyambai. These institutions generate technical content and inputs and possess information dissemination systems. Zambia launched the National ICT Policy on 28th March 2007. CTA should help agricultural related institutions in the implementation process of this policy.
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INTRODUCTION
The Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation (CTA) was established in 1983 under the Lome Convention between the African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) Group of States and the European Union Member States. Since 2000, it has operated within the framework of the ACP-EC Cotonou Agreement. CTAs tasks are to develop and provide services that improve access to information for agricultural and rural development, and to strengthen the capacity of ACP countries to produce, acquire, exchange and utilise information in this area. CTAs programmes are organised around three principal activities: Providing an increasing range and quantity of information products and services and enhancing awareness of the relevant information sources; Supporting the integrated use of appropriate communication channels and intensifying contacts and information exchange (particularly intraACP); and Developing ACP capacity to generate and manage agricultural information and to formulate information and communication management (ICM) strategies, including those relevant to science and technology.
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CTA works primarily through intermediary organisations and partners (nonorganisations, farmers organisations, regional organisations) to promote agriculture and rural development and to deliver its various information products and capacity building services. By partnering with these organisations, CTA seeks to increase the number of ACP organisations capable of generating and managing information and developing their own information and communication management strategies. The identification of appropriate partners is therefore of primary importance. Since end 2003, CTA has been conducting a series of needs assessment studies in ACP regions aimed at: Identifying potential partners and beneficiaries to better target CTAs interventions, products and services; Fashioning strategies for product/service delivery, in particular for postconflict countries; Developing country/region-based action plans.
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This country report on Zambia is part of a series commissioned by CTA in eight Southern Africa countries (Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Namibia, Swaziland, South Africa, Zimbabwe, Zambia) and Ghana to determine the information and communication capacity and needs at the institutional level. The objectives of the needs assessment studies are as follows: Facilitate access to CTAs products, services and information; Increase involvement of existing CTAs partners (in particular QAS centres) in the exercise to draw attention to CTA products and services; Continue compilation of country-based baseline data and to provide additional targeted information to CTA
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COUNTRY PROFILE
Zambia covers a surface area of 752,612 km2 and shares boarders with eight other countries: the Democratic Republic of Congo and Tanzania in the north, Malawi and Mozambique to the east, Zimbabwe, Botswana and Namibia to the south and Angola to the west. Zambias climate is subtropical, characterised by three distinct seasons. Zambia has potential to expand agricultural production given the vast resource endowment in terms of land, labour and water that the country possesses. Of Zambias total land area of 752,612 km2, 58% is classified as medium to high potential for agricultural production, with rainfall ranging between 800mm to 1400mm annually and suitable for the production of a broad range of crops, fish, and livestock. Three major agro-ecological zones are distinguished within the country based on the amount of annual rainfall received. Region I receives less than 800 mm of rainfall per annum, while Regions II receives between 8001000 mm per annum and Region III receives above 1000 mm of rain per annum. The population of Zambia is officially projected at 10.9 million people (see Table 15) and is growing at a rate of 2.3%. The official language is English. The country ranks 164 out of the 177 countries on the UNDP Human Development Index. According to a 2003 UN survey on population issues, the government views its maternal mortality ratio (750 deaths per 100,000 live births) and under-five mortality (167 deaths per 1,000 live births) as unacceptably high. With an estimated population of 10.9 million, Zambias total fertility rate is 5.8 lifetime births per woman. Some 17 percent of the adult population aged 15 to 49 is infected with HIV/AIDS. The pandemic has resulted in a decline in life expectancy from 46 years in 1990 to 38 years in 2005. Zambias GDP increased by 5.2 percent from 2004 to 2005 (see Table 14). This increase can be attributed mainly to the construction of hotels, bars and restaurants, and the transport and communications industries. The agriculture, forestry and fishing industry as a whole contributed 14.2 percent share to total GDP in 2005 compared to 15.0 percent share in 2004. In the last decade the sector has contributed 18 percent of GDP. The agricultural sector supports 75 percent of the economically active population. Agriculture plays a key role in the national economy and provides major export earnings from commodities such as cane sugar, cotton, tobacco, vegetables, cut flowers and coffee (see Table 13). Existing reports, such as the Living Conditions Monitoring Survey of 2004 by the Central Statistic Office (CSO), indicate that Zambia is faced with high levels of poverty, with overall poverty at 68% of the national population in 2004. Income levels have also drastically declined with low formal employment. Given the abundant natural resource base, agriculture offers the greatest potential for generating growth and increasing employment and incomes.
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Figure 1 Map of Zambia
Source: Department of Peacekeeping Operations, Cartographic Section, United Nations. 2004
2.1
Agriculture, Fisheries, Forestry and Livestock

2.1.1 Agriculture
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The 2000 Census indicate that 68 percent of the total population is composed of agricultural households. In terms of gender 49.3 percent of the agricultural households were males while 50.7 percent were females (Annex 2 Tables 1 and 2). Agriculture takes up 22 percent of Zambias arable land and this is divided into commercial farming and smallholder farming. Mixed farming systems predominate in agricultural households. Maize, cassava and seed cotton are the highest produced crops in Zambia (see Table 8 and Table 9). Cane sugar, cotton, tobacco, vegetables, cut flowers and coffee are the main agricultural exports (Annex 2 Table 12). Nontraditional exports have risen since 1987 in Zambia (see Figure 1). Agriculture has been perceived to play a critical role in the economy and is said to be the engine of Zambias economic growth. Key institutions within the Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives include the Department of Policy and Planning, Zambia Agriculture Research Institute, Department of Veterinary and Livestock Development, Department of Agriculture and Department of Fisheries, Department of Agribusiness and Marketing and National Agriculture Information Services.
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In order to encourage public and private partnerships the Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives has turned two research stations into trusts. These are the Golden Valley Agricultural Research Trust (GART) and the Cotton Development Trust (CDT). The University of Zambia plays a significant role and contributes to the sector through capacity building. The role of the public sector will increasingly be confined to policy formulation, enforcement of legislation, regulation and inspection, maintenance of the national strategic food reserves, provision of market information, financing the control of pests and diseases of national economic importance, provision of agricultural support i.e. research and extension in partnership with the private sector, provision of targeted support to outlying areas and underprivileged farmer groups, promoting capacity building within public and private organisations and monitoring and evaluation of overall sector performance including projects and programmes. Key departments within the Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives include the policy and planning, crops, irrigation, land husbandry, farm power and mechanisation, livestock, fisheries, agricultural cooperatives development, agricultural marketing and credit and the agricultural and cooperatives training sectors. 2.1.2 Fisheries
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The fishery resources from Zambian lakes, swamps, rivers and flood plains have in recent years produced about 60,000 to 70,000 tons of fish annually. The potential of fish farming is not being fully exploited and the few farmers who practise aquaculture lack knowledge and skills in modern and appropriate aquaculture technologies. The fishing industry contributes significantly to the agricultural sector in Zambia. Sources of fish are capture fisheries and aquaculture. The demand for fish presently outstrips supply. The per capita consumption has decreased from 16kg in 1971 to 6.8 kg in 1998 due to declining yields in capture lakes which can be attributed to the unsustainable fishing practices and increasing human population. However, the contribution of fisheries to GDP in the entire agricultural sector constitutes 5.7%. The usage of illegal fishing gear including mosquito nets, potato bags and shading netting material have continued to be used in most of the fisheries in Central, Luapula, Lusaka, Northern and Western Provinces. In almost all the areas fishery patrols to arrest the situation could not be effectively undertaken on a regular basis due to resource constraints: manpower, finance and inadequate marine support equipment especially boats and engines. The focus of the fisheries sector is to promote community-based resource management of capture fisheries thereby improving catches. During 2006, the Department of Fisheries in the Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives procured boats and engines for all needy fishermen. The formation and consolidation of co-management structures is a priority. Annual fish bans have been launched to reduce incidences of illegal possession of fish as per section 18 of the Fisheries Act Cap 200 of the Laws of Zambia. The Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives through the Department of Fisheries has a mandatory responsibility to implement capture and aquaculture fisheries programmes. Government collaborates with all stakeholders in the fishing industry.
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2.1.3 Forestry 25. Zambia is actually regarded as one of the highly forested countries whose forest covers about 60% of the total land area most of which is administered traditionally under customary law. Forestry products contribute substantially to income, employment and subsistence in various parts of the country. Current unsustainable utilization, while leading to short term gains, has led to long term forest depletion and degradation. It is for this reason that some policies and legislation in relation to forestry have been readdressed to ensure enhanced focus on controlling the depletion and loss of forests in many parts of the country. In National Forests, logging and collection of forest produce is regulated by the Forest Department whereas local forest reserves are meant to serve the needs of the local people in the surrounding areas. Forests also occur in Game Management areas, National Parks and Customary Land. Forest products not only contribute to household income, but also provide employment, and domestic products, which are otherwise unavailable o unaffordable for many households. Total consumption of forestry resources is about 15million m3 per year, which is one third of the growth on all forest land in Zambia. Charcoal and timber play an especially important role in the rural income and employment in various parts of Zambia. The forestry contribution to GDP increased from US$ 15,2 million ( 10,7 million) in 1991 to US$ 18,5 million ( 13.1 million) in 1995 using 1997 prices. In terms of employment charcoal alone employs 50,000 people and many more in distribution and marketing. The Forest Department in the Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources has the mandate to formulate national forest policies, adopting forest plans and the general management and control of forest resources in order to meet national and local demand for timber and other forest products and services. 2.1.4 Pastorialism 30. The livestock sub-sector contributes significantly to the agricultural industry in Zambia. It provides outputs such as meat, milk, eggs, hides, manure and draught power. The sector also generates employment opportunities and income among the rural people. The productivity of livestock, particularly in the traditional sector, is constrained by several factors including the prevalence of animal diseases; non-availability of veterinary drugs; high cost of veterinary drugs; inadequate livestock nutrition and water; poor animal husbandry practices/management; inadequate marketing infrastructure; lack of appropriate livestock research; inadequate livestock extension and health services; lack of linkages between livestock research and livestock extension. The Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives through the Animal Production and Health Department is mandated to control diseases of national importance.
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Brief Description of the Status of ICT Infrastructure and Recent Developments in the Sector
Zambia has a modest ICT infrastructure which is concentrated in the cities, towns and urban centres. The ICT sector is categorised into four main subsectors: telecommunications, information technology, electronic media and postal communication. The telecommunications infrastructure development is inadequate across the country, there is poor telephone accessibility, and high access costs. Zambia has undergone a process of liberalisation of its telecommunications and broadcast sectors. The major telecommunications infrastructure carrier for the country is The Zambia Telecommunication Company (ZAMTEL), which covers most parts of the country, but, over time, the infrastructure capacity has deteriorated due to technology changes and system inadequacies. The licence fee has also proven prohibitive to many Zambians and the limit on foreign shareholding for Internet Service Providers (ISPs) and other similar value added licenses is inhibiting most Zambians to enter the market, due to inadequate access to start-up capital for such ventures. The government launched the much awaited National Information and Communications Technologies (ICTs) policy on 28th March 2007. The President of Zambia directed all government ministries to implement egovernance, describing it as a machinery that plays an important role in the nations development process. According to the policy, e-governance involves the deployment and exploitation of ICTs to facilitate the process of bringing government closer to the people, through major improvements in the delivery of goods and services as well as information provision in ways that are most convenient to citizens and other stakeholders. However, there are issues of infrastructure, especially in rural and peri-urban areas where there is literally no proper communication infrastructure and skills to utilize ICTs. The Internet market in Zambia is still developing, with approximately 12,000 Internet subscribers and an additional 30,000 Internet users mainly patronising Internet cafes. According to the Communications Authority of Zambia there are at the moment fourteen ISPs in Zambia. The current regulatory framework in the ICT sector is fragmented with three bodies regulating the sector. The Communications Authority regulates the Telecommunications sector, the Ministry of Communications and Transport regulates the postal and courier services and the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting regulates Broadcasting.
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STATUS OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION FOR AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT

Institutional and Regulatory Policy Framework
The Agricultural Market Information Centre (AMIC) was started by the Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives (MACO) in 1993 as part of the policy of market liberalization. AMIC was established to collect, analyse and disseminate market information. The potential users of market information are traders, farmers, processors importers and exporters, and researchers in the private sector, government ministries of agriculture, finance, planning, commerce, quasi government agencies and researchers in the public sector. Adequate and accurate market information is critical for correct decision-making and planning. The use of AMIC information is currently limited, mainly due to poor funding. Information flow to the provinces and districts is constrained by logistical complexities and the districts staff are not well trained to analyse and utilize market information correctly. In 1994 the Agricultural Sector Investment Programme (ASIP) was formulated and launched in 1995 as a tool for implementing the government policy of liberalization and market reforms. AMIC and the National Agricultural Information Services (NAIS) which collect and disseminate information have not been adequately funded. This has limited the ability of these two information sources to reach the small-scale farming sector. In 1994 the government opened up the airwaves to other voices, though in a limited context. Some FM and medium wave frequencies were made available for radio, while a few UHF bands were also made available for television broadcasting. Although there has been a number of community radio stations set up in Zambia, the lack of a clear policy on community radio stations has been identified as a major obstacle. By enabling villages to share knowledge through airwaves, community radio has helped to strengthen peoples capacity to fight disease and poverty. The government of Zambia recently launched its ICT policy whose goal is to improve productivity as well as competitiveness of the agricultural sector through the use of ICTs in the planning, implementation, monitoring and the information delivery process. The government shall facilitate private sector investment in the development and provision of ICT services including infrastructure in all Farming Blocks and Farm Resettlement Schemes as part of the integrated physical infrastructure (electricity, schools, clinics, water and roads) development projects targeted for those areas. National telecommunication monopolies, absence of consumer protection laws, legal structures for e-commerce or privacy protection, as well as local tariff policies have severely impeded ICT efforts in agriculture.
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3.1
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The Communications Authority administers the countrywide use of the radio spectrum under the Radio Communications Act, Chapter 169 to facilitate the availability of rapid and efficient national and world wide radio communication services. Though Zambia has just adopted the National Information and Communications Technologies (NICTs) policy there are many challenges to be overcome for rural development. These include weak human capital, technical infrastructure and lack of a coordinated agricultural information support system for small-scale farmers anchored on ICTs. On 16th August 2006, in line with the Dar-es-Salaam Declaration of 2004 and the African Union Declaration of 2003 the SADC Council of Ministers also noted the need for Member States to allocate at least 10% of their budget to agriculture to improve the food situation in the region.
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3.2
Operational Aspects
3.2.1 Description of agricultural information and services
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Information and services can be in the form of technical advice, photocopies of available literature, computer databases and libraries. In Zambia a number of publications supported and published locally and abroad are available. Computer databases have become very popular with increased access to the Internet. Zambia has access to information and services from many sources including CTA, Access to Global Online Research in Agriculture (AGORA), International Network for the Availability of Scientific Publications (INASP) and others. Disseminating agricultural information to the large, widely dispersed rural population of Zambia has not been easy. Extension services have not been as effective as desired in addressing this issue due to of transport difficulties, inadequate funding and shortage of extension staff. The radio was recommended to be utilised to disseminate agricultural knowledge, information and skills to rural subsistence farmers. Today the National Agricultural Information Services (NAIS) of the Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives (MACO) broadcasts eight agricultural information programmes on radio in both English and in seven Zambia languages comprising Bemba, Kaonde, Lozi, Lunda, Luvale, Nyanja and Tonga. The National Agricultural Information Services broadcasts agricultural information programmes on the Zambia National Broadcasting Corporation (ZNBC) Lima Programme. Community radio in Zambia has helped to strengthen peoples capacity to fight disease and poverty by enabling villages to share knowledge through the airwaves. Community radio is reaching out to thousands of villagers through various popular programmes. People are keen to learn best practices from other villages. Zambia has embarked on an agricultural commercialisation programme to improve food and nutrition security and increase income among the target group, mainly through sale of agricultural and agricultural related products and services. The Agriculture Support Programme (ASP) is an agricultural commercialisation programme under the auspices of the Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives, funded by the Swedish International Development Agency (Sida).
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The Zambia National Farmers Union (ZNFU) is a national membership based organisation, with countrywide coverage, representing the agricultural industry. ZNFU has developed a solid administrative structure which enables it to deliver services and disseminate relevant agricultural production, marketing and trade information to members countrywide via the Internet, interactive short messaging system (sms) bulk messaging, radio programme, technical publications and physical service delivery by staff on the ground. All the institutions interviewed except Natural Resources Development College (NRDC), Zambia Export Growers Association (ZEGA) and Production Financing and Technology (PROFIT) indicated that they have a communication department or section responsible for information and communication management and technology. Although many institutions appear to have communication departments funding shortages have been highlighted as the main problem. There is a lack of capacity and focus on the number of staff, their qualifications and skills and level of training in the agricultural information/communication departments. Staff turnover is very high especially in government institutions due to budgetary constraints. Lack of organised information and communication management coupled with poor information flow from subject matter specialists and weak linkages between information sources and end-users was indicated as a problem by most institutions interviewed. In response, the private sector has established commodity exchanges, established a network of marketing channels and operates outgrower schemes. Farmers have also responded mainly through diversification of the production base and the formation of farmer organisations. The constraint is the weak enforcement of legislation, limited storage facilities and infrastructure, financing limitations, indirect production and marketing subsidies and limited market information. There is need for consistent policy signals from government, infrastructure investment for smallholder production, mechanisms for improving access to agricultural services, including market information. 3.2.2 Information sources
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The MACO remains the main source of information on agriculture in Zambia. Institutions such as the Agriculture Support Programme (ASP), Inservice Training Trust (ISTT), the Zambia Agriculture Research Institute (ZARI), the Department of Fisheries (DOF), the Department of Agriculture (DA) and the Livestock Development Trust (LDT) work directly under the MACO. Table 1 below gives the institutions and their sources of information. The Department of Census and Statistics, commonly known as Central Statistics Office (CSO), is a government Department under the Ministry of Finance and National Planning. The Department is coordinating all statistical activities in the country and is a major source of official statistics in Zambia.
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The Ministry of Tourism, Environment and Natural Resources provides information on biodiversity in Zambia. Zambia is endowed with an abundance of natural resources and a fairly rich biological diversity and is highly dependent on the exploitation of biological resources for the livelihood of the majority of its people especially those living in rural areas.
Table 1 Institutions and their sources of information ___________________________________________________________ Institution Possible sources of information ___________________________________________________________
NRDC ISTT CTA and booklets/bulletins, MACO, UNZA CTA and booklets/bulletins, UNZA, ZARI, GART, LDT, ANAFE IITA, World Agroforestry Centre, FAO, ZNFU, SHEMP, ADC, NEPAD, Commonwealth of Learning, Radio programmes, video presentations, posters, Internet, fairs and exhibitions, agricultural research networks MACO, input suppliers, meetings with beneficiaries, newspapers, Internet, fairs and exhibits Generates new knowledge, CTA and booklets/bulletins, IAEA, MACO, Internet, agriculture research electronic networks, INASP, AGORA, FAO, UNEP, CTA booklets/bulletins CTA and booklets/bulletins, UNZA, MACO, Internet, NGOs, agricultural companies, WREN media, international organisations MACO, NISIR, meetings with beneficiaries, radio programmes, fairs and exhibitions, colleagues, Internet CTA and booklets/bulletins, UNZA research reports, SADC, international research intuitions, MACO CTA and booklets/bulletins, technical information, economic information, fairs and exhibits UNZA, Internet, UNEP + UNZA, MACO, PTC , Land O Lakes, Internet, NAIS TV and Radio, International Research Institutions, MACO, CTA and booklets/bulletins, SADC, COMESA MACO, Internet, Consultants, CSO UNZA, SADC, MACO, Regional research institutions, International research institutions, Internet, input suppliers, newspapers, fairs and exhibits MACO, Local veterinary services, meetings with beneficiaries, newspapers, radio programmes, TV, fairs and exhibits Zambia National AIDS Network, PACT Zambia, Internet, International HIV Alliance, Public Libraries, Newspapers, Family Health International, Health Communication Partnership CTA booklets/bulletins, UNZA, MACO, Commodity/farmer associations, meetings with beneficiaries, input suppliers, newspapers, radio programmes, TV programmes, posters, Internet, fairs and exhibits, agribusiness consultants MACO, UNZA, meting with beneficiaries, agricultural shows, conferences and meetings, crop insurance, Internet, fairs and exhibits CTA and booklets/bulletins, ASARECA, FANAR, CABI, IITA, SADC, IRRI, KARI, CIMMYT, INTSOMIL, meetings with beneficiaries, Radio programmes, Internet, agriculture research electronic networks, fairs and exhibitions CTA and booklets/bulletins, UNZA, meetings with beneficiaries, commodity/farmer associations, Radio programmes, Internet, and fairs and exhibitions MACO, farmer associations, women associations, educational institutions, Internet, DAE
ZEGA NISIR
NAIS WVZ ZARD UNZA ZAWA LDT ZNFU PLARD DOF
PROFIT YWCA
AMIC
PLAN
ZARI
DAE
RADIO LYAMBAI
RADIO MANO
MACO, farmer associations, women associations, educational institutions, DAE _________________________________________________________________
18
3.2.3 Information products and services provided 66. The main actors in agriculture provide a wide range of information products and services in the form of technical advice, photocopies of available literature, computer databases, and libraries. Information and services about agriculture in Zambia is available mainly from the Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives and related institutions. Access to publications and electronic media was mentioned as a general problem. Budgetary constraints for acquisition of publications and agricultural research databases were indicated. All institutions interviewed indicated that radio and TV programmes, video presentations and posters were sources of information. Table 2 gives some Zambian institutions and their linkages with CTA. Table 2 Institutional Linkages and their collaboration with CTA ___________________________________________________________ CTA publications and services Recipient institutions ___________________________________________________________ Spore magazine NRDC, NISIR, ISTT ZEGA, ZARD, ZNFU ZARI CTA publications NRDC, NISIR, ISTT ZARD, ZARI, RADIO LYAMBAI NRDC, ISTT, ZARI ISTT AND ZARI ISTT AND ZARI
67.
DORA (Distribution of Reference Books on Agric SDI (Selective Dissemination of Information) CD-ROM/Database subscriptions
Question and Answer Services NISIR, ISTT, YWCA ___________________________________________________________ 68. There are many databases and sources of agricultural scientific and technical information in Zambia. Some of these are the International Information System for the Agricultural Sciences and Technology (AGRIS), The National Agricultural Library Catalogue (AGRICOLA), AGORA, CABi, Global Development Network (GDN), INASP and Programme for the Enhancement of Research Information (PERI). Information and services in the form of technical advice and photocopies of available literature, computer databases and libraries were not mentioned as a problem. It is the lack of facilities in the library for photocopying and scanning information and documents that was mentioned by ZARI, LDT, NRDC, ZARD, Radio Lyambai, Radio Mano, NAIS, AMIC and DOF. The establishment of AMIC network focal point persons in the nine provincial and seventy-three district market development and cooperative offices all equipped with a computer and fax machine has enabled an environment for efficient private sector, agro-inputs delivery and produce marketing countrywide. Services provided include wholesale agro-inputs and produce prices at urban/district centres, retail prices at nearby local markets, retail prices, supply on demand conditions, as well as market prices and marketing developments.
19
69.
70.
3.2.4 Information and communication management capacity 71. Information about agriculture in Zambia is available from a number of sources, primarily the Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives. The agriculture sector contributes 18% to GDP. Until recently there was no policy or strategy to manage agricultural information and dissemination. The launch of the ICT policy is envisaged to improve the management of agriculture information in the sector. There is no specific policy or strategy in Zambia with regard to the management of agricultural information and dissemination. This has rendered the agricultural information and dissemination networks far less developed. Institutions falling outside the government find it very difficult to get hold of information. Agriculture information sharing and exchange among various departments within the Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives is very cumbersome. Funding to the agriculture sector has been declining steadily in the last decade. In addition staff attrition is very high due to poor conditions of service. As a result publicly funded research has also declined in terms of output. Institutions interviewed revealed various resources (Table 3) available for information management including libraries, documentation centres, databases, publications, posters, newsletters and information parks. Access to hardware and software resources is insufficient. Equally, strategies and policies to ensure that there is an improvement in access to these resources are missing. Table 3 - Frequently mentioned information resources ___________________________________________________________ Information Resource Organisation in possession of the resource ___________________________________________________________ Library NRDC, NISIR, ISTT, ZARD, UNZA, ZAWA LDT, ZNFU, DOF, ZARI Databases NISIR, ISTT, ZARD, UNZA, ZAWA, DOF, AMIC, ZARI NISIR, ZAWA, ASP, ZNFU Radio Lyambai, ZARD NAIS, Radio Lyambai, Radio Mano
72.
73.
74.
Documentation Centre Internet Caf Radio and TV programmes
Audio Visual Materials PLAN, ASP, ZNFU, UNZA ___________________________________________________________ 75. Most of the institutions interviewed indicated that they have access to hardware and software resources but not good enough to enable the efficient management of information. Most libraries and documentation centres have no capacity to search the resources available. There is no access to the Internet and Local Area Networks are non-existent (e.g. NRDC, LDT and NAIS).
20
76.
NISIR, LDT and ZARI all have capacity for research, evaluation and handling statistical information. Personnel have formal training in the fields related to the activities of their institution. It was mentioned that the staff trained in the field related to statistics or information management are very few. When staff obtain relevant training they move to greener pastures. Budgets for information management are of very low priority, except in statutory or semi-private institutions such as NISIR, LDT, ZARD, ZNFU, PLAN and ZAWA where there is either external funding from donors or funds are generated through provision of services. ZARI is getting some support through the IICD and USAID/Threshold Project in the Plant Quarantine and Phytosanitary Services. Here the promotion of open source software is being encouraged. Most of the institutions interviewed maintain databases and these are all in different forms. They range from EXCEL-based systems to ACCESSbased systems relational databases and statistical packages (e.g. GENSTAT). Most of these have been designed or programmed with foreign assistance (e.g. ISNAR) and internal capacity to adapt them or make programming changes is less well developed though capacity is slowly being built to overcome some of these challenges. The Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives is in the process of developing a Management Information System (MIS) to improve storage, sharing and retrieval of information. A draft MIS Manual is available having been developed from a workshop involving all departments. When complete it will give details of sources of information, information needs and users. There are currently no funds to complete the MIS Manual. The Department of Census and Statistics (CSO) is the central level house for statistical information in Zambia and is responsible for collecting, gathering, storing, analysing and disseminating information on economics, statistics, demographics and social issues. CSO collaborates very well with different ministries in managing data. Post Harvest, Living Conditions Monitoring, Fish Catch and other agricultural related surveys are carried out in conjunction with MACO staff in AMIC, DOF and DAE. The collection of raw data and information from local sources is a major role for several institutions (AMIC, ZARI, DOF, DAE, NISIR, LDT), either relating to production levels in the various sectors (DOF, ZARI, NISIR) or social data on target groups (CSO) or membership (ZNFU). Networks of informants exist in the various sectors; AMIC, for example, relies upon 20 informants in 72 districts throughout the country to collect information on agricultural marketing. Regular bulletins or newsletters are common forms of publication among many of the agencies but vary in content. PLAN produces a quarterly bulletin with information about its programmes based on basic health, water and sanitation, early childhood care and development, basic education, food security and income generation, just to mention a few. ASP produces a newsletter on farming as a business. Other notable publications are the Water and Sanitation Association of Zambia (WASAZA) newsletter, the Zambia Association for Research and Development (ZARD) and the womens organisations running the Womens Information for Development Network (WIDnet) project
21
77.
78.
79.
80.
81.
82.
83.
newsletter, Programme Against Malnutrition (PAM) Newsletter, In-Service Training Trust newsletter, the Monthly Central Statistical Office bulletin called The Economy of this Month and the National Agricultural Information ServicesAgriculture Today bulletin..
3.3
Interventions Supporting Information and Communication for Agriculture and Rural Development
Zambia is the first country in the world to get support from the International Institute for Communication and Development (IICD)s Small Competitive Fund (SIF) aimed at enhancing livelihoods of disadvantaged communities through use of Information Communication Technologies (ICTs). IICD has been mandated to support initiatives in its focal countries including Zambia pertinent to Catalyzing the Creation of Local Content through ICTs (CCELC) programme of Open Knowledge Network. Five proposals were made in the livelihood sector out of which four were approved under ZARD, ZARI, NAIS and the Cooperative Bank. The United Nations Development Programme has given support to the Zambian government in translating the national gender policy into a strategic plan and the strengthening of the legal framework and law enforcement. Recognising the importance of ICTs as a management tool for development, government needed support for advocacy, fostering partnerships with the private sector, parastatals and other donors, and piloting of information and communication technology interventions in district/central connectivity in the areas of governance and HIV/AIDS. The Swedish government agency for bilateral international development cooperation Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA) took the initiative to produce country ICT surveys that include information regarding key ratios, connectivity, access, the human resource situation, key institutions, policy and regulatory framework. The Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations (FAO) has led the Access to Global Online Research in Agriculture (AGORA) to provide scientists with over 400 journals from the worlds leading academic publishers. AGORA is increasing the quality and effectiveness of agricultural research, education and training in low-income countries, and in turn, to improve food security. Radio Farm Forum is a government-initiated ICT project to enable rural farmers to communicate effectively with the Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives. This form of ICT implementation has proven to be extremely successful in addressing the common needs and problems of resourcedeficient rural farmers. Afronet, an international human rights network, uses ICT to effectively disseminate information across the world.
84.
85.
86.
87.
88.
22
89.
The Japanese International Cooperation Agency (JICA) implemented incountry aquaculture training to strengthen the aquaculture research and extension through improvement of knowledge and skills of those engaged in aquaculture. The ICT course provided community empowerment skills to staff of the water supply and sanitation service providers for promoting community involvement in water supply and sanitation management for sustainability. NISIR has recently been supported by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) to set up an ICT training centre for scientists. Researchers from any African country will be welcome to use the centre for online research. The centre would enhance Zambias ability to share knowledge by linking research and development. The Millennium Challenge Threshold Project is upgrading the ICTs in the Plant Protection and Quarantine Services (PQPS) of ZARI. Lessons learned
90.
91.
92.
The lesson leant is that ICTs effectiveness is dependent on the infrastructure development status in a given location. ICTs success will depend on the status of the Telecommunications system and other related infrastructure. Therefore, the involvement of government or political will at all levels is greatly vital for ICTs development. Enhanced use of ICTs, unlike the postal services and telegrams information delivery system, is quicker and cost effective. Transfer of information is at the push of a button. In addition it is cost effective to deliver or to receive the message with modern ICTs locally or internationally. Use of modern ICTs i.e. computers, e-mails, faxes, phones and websites, reduces chances of losing information as it goes straight to the rightful inbox, fax machine or phone as required, unlike the ordinary postal communication delivery system which easily loses or misdirects information. Most institutions in Zambia have not put in place the authority, resources, and mechanisms to function effectively in terms of ICTs. The lack of fully developed and functional information strategies in these institutions clearly shows the lack of seriousness in harnessing ICTs.
93.
94.
95.
23
4.
INSTITUTIONAL NEEDS ANALYSIS BOTTLENECKS AND SHORTCOMINGS)

Information Needs
(MAIN
4.1
96.
An institutional mapping was carried out to establish the sample of institutions to be interviewed. An inventory of key institutions active in Zambia was carried out highlighting their major activities, their needs in terms of agricultural information and training as well as the sources of information including the formats. The extent of interaction with CTA was looked at including possible or future collaboration (refer to Appendix 3). Key informant interviews targeting people who hold responsible positions and heads of key institutions involved in rural development were conducted. Such key informants, by virtue of their positions in the institutions provided a better understanding of their impressions of the information needs in the institutions. 4.1.1 Current Information Needs
97.
98.
Current information needs (Table 4) depends on the main focus of the institution. They vary from needs related to statistical data on markets, production and prices (e.g. ZNFU, ASP, ZEGA, PROFIT, AMIC, YWCA, PLAN) to technical data on new and improved techniques in a particular sector (e.g. ZARI, LDT, NISIR, UNZA). A particular emphasis was on information about low cost technologies that would hep to increase productivity and especially conservation of products (both agricultural and fish). Table 4 - Frequently mentioned current information needs
_________________________________________________________________ Type of information for current programmes Who needs it _________________________________________________________________ Farm problems AMIC, ZNFU, ZARI, DOF, WVZ, DAE, NAIS, UNZA, NISIR, YWCA, NRDC, PLAN, PLARD, LDT, ZAWA, RADIO MANO, RADIO LYAMBAI, PROFIT, ISTT, ZEGA Non-Farm livelihoods WVZ, YWCA, PROFIT , PLARD Social development issues DAE, NAIS, YWCA, WVZ, PLARD Gender issues DAE, ZARI, NAIS, PLARD Government and International regulations DAE, ZARI, NISIR, UNZA Conference and meetings AMIC, ZNFU, ZARI, DOF, WVZ, DAE, NAIS, UNZA, NISIR, YWCA, NRDC, PLAN, PLARD, LDT, ZAWA, RADIO MANO, RADIO LYAMBAI, PROFIT, ISTT, ZEGA Trade fairs NAIS, AMIC, DAE, ZARI Development and funding programmes DAE, NAIS, AMIC, ZARI, WVZ Available agricultural/development networks AMIC, DAE Grading systems AMIC, DAE Post-harvest technology ZARI, WVZ Crop varieties ZARI, DAE Packaging ZARI, DOF, DAE Equipment sourcing/availability ZNFU, DOF, AMIC, ZARI Transportation (sea, land, air) ZNFU, AMIC Waste utilization DAE Patents ZARI, NISIR
24
Industrial profiles Integrated pest management Credit and micro-credit Market data Identification of markets Commodity profiles Crop insurance systems Biotechnology information Livestock production Gender income generating activities Information on processing HIV/AIDS information Water and irrigation management
WVZ, AMIC ZARI, DAE, DOF ZNFU, WVZ, ASP AMIC, ZNFU, ASP, RADIO MANO, RADIO LYAMBAI AMIC, ZNFU, ASP, RADIO MANO, RADIO LYAMBAI AMIC, ZNFU, ASP, RADIO MANO, RADIO LYAMBAI DAE, AMIC, ZNFU, ASP ZARI, NISIR LDT, PROFIT, ZNFU, RADIO MANO, RADIO LYAMBAI YWCA, PROFIT, RADIO MANO, RADIO LYAMBAI YWCA, PROFIT, WVZ, ZARI YWCA, PROFT, WVZ, RADIO MANO, RADIO LYAMBAI YWCA, PROFT, ZARI, RADIO MANO, RADIO LYAMBAI
___________________________________________________________ 99. Most government institutions stressed the need to have information on international regulations e.g. on water bodies across borders (e.g. Department of Fisheries) and managing of information within the organisation and editing of reports (e.g. LDT, UNZA, DAE, ZARI). NGOs like YWCA and WVZ stressed the need for information on young people to do with schools, colleges, scholarships, gender income generation, modern methods of farming, and HIV/AIDS. PROFIT expressed the need for livestock production and local veterinary services while PLAN was concerned with water harvesting equipment. ZARD and ZEGA expressed the need for information on participative methods. Most organisations find it difficult to obtain journal articles and abstracts. This is due to shortages of funding in these institutions and dwindling donor support (e.g. UNZA, DAE, DOF, ZARI). However, institutions are now able to access publications from AGORA and INASP at a nominal fee through paid up membership. 4.1.2 Future Information Needs 102. The institutions information needs for in the future are contained in Table 5 below. Table 5 - Frequently mentioned information needs for the future ___________________________________________________________
Type of information for future work Who needs it ___________________________________________________________ Background information on Food Security ZARI, DOF, DAE Information on regional markets ZARI, AMIC, ZNFU, ZEGA Reliable statistics on Zambia CSO Background information on Rural Extension DAE, ASP, ZNFU GIS ZARI, DAE HIV/AIDS prevention (and mitigation) ZARI, DAE, DOF Technical information on fresh water fisheries DOF and fish breeding Content Development ZARI
100.
101.
___________________________________________________________
25
4.2
Capacity-building Needs (IC Policies & Strategies, Sensitisation, Networking, Skills, Training, Media, ICT, Equipment)
Many institutions interviewed indicated that they have over the years built up libraries and documentation centres but they have expressed the need for better-organised information. There are hard copies available in the documentation centres but the system for searching and accessing the relevance of books and journals are non-existent. The development of content in both official and local languages targeted at low literacy groups was identified as a need by some agencies working with communities (e.g. PROFIT, WVZ, and PLAN). There is need for training in effective writing skills and how to compile radio programmes and audio visual materials. Most institutions indicated that they have departments, or sections or unit responsible for ICM and ICT. However, due to funding constraints the same institutions are unable to purchase adequate computers and publishing software to enable the better production of various materials including newsletters, brochures, flyers as these are considered prohibitively expensive (UNZA, DAE, DOF, NAIS). Many institutions indicated that they did not have an information policy or information strategic plan or both except for ZAWA and NISIR. Information management and sharing including the use of software was identified as a problem in the absence of policy mechanisms. There is an expressed need to train staff in the development of information and communication policies and strategies (ZARI, DOF, DAE, PLARD and UNZA). Access to the Internet is a major problem with many institutions interviewed. This facility is at headquarters only in the capital city. Dial-up is the most frequently used and where available this is connected to the Secretary of the Director or Head of institution. Staffs send and receive emails through the Secretary. Emails always take long be sent and they are received very late (DOF, DAE). Agriculture training institutions such as NRDC to not have access to the Internet. Many institutions expressed the need to have local area networks (LANs) and accompanying training in troubleshooting (ZARI, DOF, DAE) as a means of organising and making information widely available throughout organisations. Inadequate staffing, lack of highly qualified staff and lack of opportunities for staff training for higher qualifications is hampering the better manage information and communications activities. Most of the institutions interviewed have staff employed in other sectors/units but are performing ICT duties out of interest. In the Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives HQ a Planner is managing the LAN just out of interest. ZARD would like to completely digitize the resource centre materials. Like many other institutions, there is need to develop capacity in equipment, funds, additional staff and training to better manage these activities. All institutions interviewed expressed the need for training needs the application of communication technologies in extension services,
103.
104.
105.
106.
107.
108.
109.
110.
111.
26
management of information within organisations, editing of reports and participative methodologies.
27
112.
Training in building and maintaining web sites was a common expressed need in the Zambian institutions. ZAWA, NISIR, UNZA are the few institutions with well developed web sites. Institutions that require training and the training needed are indicated in Table 6. Other stakeholders include local communities, natural resource managers, policy makers, researchers and extension agents. CTA has established a partnership with ISTT in providing hands-on training to agricultural institutions in ICTs. Table 6 Frequently mentioned training needs ___________________________________________________________ Training needed Which organisation Target group ___________________________________________________________
Building web sites and use of the Internet Effective writing Information Management Analysis of socio-economic Data Design of questionnaires and Databases Concepts and Tools for Internet Use and searching Strategies for Teaching others And Using Electronic Resources Use and production of Audio-visual training materials Monitoring of impact of Information dissmination Strategies Making radio programmes ZARI, DOF, DAE ZARD, NAIS ZARI, WVZ, DOF, DAE, AMIC, LDT ZARI, WVZ, AMIC DOF, LDT, NAIS ZARI, LDT ZARI, LDT, DAE Communication and information departments Communication and information departments Communication and information departments Research Departments Research Departments Communication and information departments All departments Communication and information departments, extension workers Communication and information departments, extension workers Monitoring and valuation unis
113.
ZARI, LDT, DAE, ZARD, NAIS UNZA, ZARI, NAIS, NISIR, DAE NAIS, WVZ, DAE, LDT, ZAWA ZARI, ZARI, LDT NAIS, ZAWA NAIS, DAE, WVZ
Communication and information departments, extension workers Use of GIS ZARI, NAIS, LDT Communication and information departments, extension workers _________________________________________________________________
Table 7 - Frequently mentioned resource needs

_________________________________________________________________
Resource needs Which organisation ___________________________________________________________ Broad band Internet access ZARI, NAIS, LDT, DAE, DOF Local Area Network and server ZARI, NAIS, DOF Library DOF Copying and scanning facilities ZARI, ZARD, NAIS Publishing Software ZARI, NAIS, LDT ___________________________________________________________
28
5.
5.1
114.
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Conclusions
Zambia has enjoyed peace and stability since its independence in 1964. However, the economy has continued to decline mostly due to Zambias involvement in the liberation wars of its neighbours like Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Namibia and Angola. The recently introduced structural adjustment programme (SAP), the Fifth National Development Plan and ICT Policy are all measures to increase economic growth especially in all sectors of the economy including agriculture. The ICT infrastructure in all the institutions interviewed in relation to Internet, trends, speed, quality and cost is very poor. CTA must organise seminars to raise awareness among the institutions in Zambia to highlight the importance of sound information management and the importance of increasing agricultural production and household food security and incomes. The brain drain of highly qualified manpower to neighbouring countries and beyond places increasing strains on a bureaucracy which generally depends on donor funding to meet over a quarter of its budgetary requirements. The capability and capacity to publish data and information across institutions have been found to be very weak. Public awareness of available information in most of the institutions interviewed is missing. For example, PROFIT in Western Province of Zambia, complained that there is lack of information on veterinary services from the Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives. There are no policies and programmes to create public awareness of available information. In publicly funded research stations scientists have no culture of sharing information. Most institutions interviewed have no access to the Internet and have no websites. This is due to a shortage of skills in the area of database development and web-site design. There is also an acute shortage of skills in content development hence the dissemination of technical information and farmer training programmes are not benefiting the stakeholders. Relatively very little agricultural information is disseminated through community radio and television. The failure of institutions to exploit community radio and television for the dissemination of information is linked to lack of proper policy guidelines. The recently launched ICT Policy in Zambia is an opportunity for institutions to develop information strategies or plans.
115.
116.
117.
118.
119.
5.1.1 Information needs 120. The information needs of respondents comprise the following types: information on broad rural development such as farm problems, government and international regulations (e.g. sanitary and phytosanitary) to facilitate trade and to strengthen associations of farmers and fisherfolk and on successful implementation of micro credit schemes; technical information such as integrated pest management, low cost technologies to increase production (e.g. crop varieties) and to conserve perishable
29
products (e.g. fish) and prevent post harvest losses; economic information such as credit and micro-credit, market data and commodity profiles; 121. All institutions interviewed expressed a great need for accurate and up-todate information in journals and bulletins on the developments in food security, rural livelihoods, participatory methods and rural livelihoods. There is a great need for good quality statistical information on rural livelihoods in Zambia. Staffs in the Central Statistics Office are now teaming up with subject matter specialists in the Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives in conducting the surveys.
122.
5.1.2 Capacity building needs 123. Zambia has made significant advances in the production and analysis of data. There is a lot of information available at the Central Statistics Office due to training in data management and data storage skills. All institutions interviewed indicated the need for strengthening in ICM and ICT skills. The institutions ability to collect, process and store information is constrained by a total lack of a system in place to undertake these activities. Most institutions have no proper positions for ICM and ICT staff. This is also compounded by the low level of awareness of the importance of an information management policy and strategy. There is need for capacity building in content development in ZARI, NAIS and DAE in order to create a demand-driven extension service. This includes capacity building within ZARI to provide information obtained from research in formats adapted to Zambian farmers and fisherfolk, and to translate problems identified by farmers into requests for information that can be processed by DAE and NAIS. NGOs need training in effective communication with their target group, the vulnerable farmers of Zambia. They need training in written communication, the use of illustrations, communication via mass media, and presentation and discussion skills. 5.1.3 Potential partners and beneficiaries 127. Potential partners for CTA in Zambia are ZARI, NISIR, ISTT, UNZA, RADIO MANO, RADIO LYAMBAI, AMIC, ZNFU, DOF, ZAWA, YWCA, PLARD and DAE. ZNFU, DOF, ZEGA and DAE have direct links with farmers and farmers associations/organisations. They are also working directly with the vulnerable rural households and strengthening the information management capacities of these organisations will be of direct benefit to the ultimate target group of CTA. ISTT has maintained services and activities started with CTA in capacity building not only for Zambia but for the SADC region. ISTT is a strong organisation with a broad member base and a good standing among donors and government organisations. NISIR, with its new ICT facilities developed by the help of the IAEA can provide inputs in capacity building.
124.
125.
126.
128.
30
5.2
Recommendations
5.2.1 Information needs
129.
It is recommended that CTAs products and services for Zambia be geared towards the provision of technical and marketing information for the domestic food crop sub-sector, the biological control of pests and diseases, using Integrated Pest Management systems; the post-harvest handling of crops with a view to facilitate compliance with the AGOA requirements; improved production techniques and export marketing information for Zambias non-traditional export crops. It is recommended that CTA should help Zambian researchers with problems often experienced in the course of their work by supporting the development of suitable strategies and policies to facilitate decisionmaking regarding science, technology and innovation strategies. These problems often manifest themselves as information needs. If these needs are fulfilled, researchers can conduct quality research and generate utilizable information. This information can be used by end-users such as farmers to boost agricultural production and thus enhance the general development of the country. MACO is yet to finalise the Management Information System manual due mainly to bureaucracy. CTA should help to simplify government bureaucratic processes and streamline government services into a one stop service by helping to integrate and link government database and back office systems together. CTA should conduct at least one awareness seminar/workshop in each agro-ecological zone on its products and services in Zambia. Most institutions do not seem to fully comprehend the capabilities of CTA. Some individuals within institutions have an idea about CTA but there is need for an institutional relationship and understanding of CTAs products and services. Zambia and the rest of the countries in the SADC region do not have a common voice/grouping on agriculture issues since the collapse of SACCAR. CTA should provide guidance and leadership in the formation of a regional body such as ASARECA in East Africa. This would augment the initiatives being undertaken by FAO, CABI and FARA on the strengthening of the Agriculture Information Management System (AIMS) in the SADC under the Food Agriculture and Natural Resources (FANR). Market information utilization and analysis is very poor in Zambia. This also includes the flow of this information. CTA should focus on strengthening agricultural market institutions and tools, including market information systems in Zambia at local and national levels. Institutions expressed a great need for accurate and up-to-date information in journals and bulletins on the developments in food security, rural livelihoods, participatory methods and rural livelihoods. CTA should target carefully the needy institutions for its publications and distribution services. In addition, CTA must collaborate with local institutions on the development of information repositories to increase the visibility of their efforts which due to international standards are unable to be published in journals and bulletins.
31
130.
131.
132.
133.
134.
135.
5.2.2 Capacity Building needs 136. CTA must continue to develop a wide range of targeted training opportunities regarding information management for staff in relevant Zambian institutions. These include the development of information products for research and extension materials; design and analysis of questionnaires and other monitoring mechanisms to analyse the effectiveness of information provision; in data management and data storage skills; design of user-friendly search utilities and library skills. With the launch of the ICT Policy in Zambia CTA should train many Zambians and help institutions in the development of information policies or information strategies or both. Strengthening ICM and ICT skills should continue to be the main focus of CTA in Zambia. It is recommended that CTA provides training support to the identified potential partners and beneficiaries, in the areas of database and website development, web-hosting to encourage electronic discussion and for dissemination of information; the preparation of technical bulletins; LAN administration and troubleshooting; desk-top publishing; video production as well as the production of television and radio programmes for the dissemination of agricultural information. Having identified the specific information and training needs of institutions, CTA must develop appropriate ICM services such as building the institutions capacities to document, validate and transfer their agricultural knowledge to communities and other stakeholders, building analytical skills (to process, understand, evaluate and draw conclusions from data) and capacity building directed towards statistical analysis. Trainings could be formal and informal, urban and rural. While CTA provides a variety of information products and services available to serve the ACP countries, most of the agricultural institutions interviewed lack computers, have limited ICT knowledge and little access to computer services (digital divide). CTA should provide sufficient computers, infrastructure and training to all agricultural institutions to promote the use of its products and services. Government is reforming and there is new thinking to improve egovernment services as evidenced by the launch of the ICT Policy in Zambia. However, government bureaucracy and limited budgetary allocations to information and communication management in institutions are a threat to ICT development. CTA should train government officers on using computer and e-government service systems as well as help the institutions participate in the ICT implementation process. A number of international organisations and donors are providing infrastructure to agricultural institutions e.g. the IAEA and IICD. In most cases this infrastructure is being underutilised due to limited capacity. CTA should provide solutions for researchers and other scientists by strengthening their capacities in content development, web design, report writing, basic computer skills, networking and troubleshooting. Human capital and skills are either very low or not sufficient in most agricultural institutions interviewed. CTA must increase the number of
32
137.
138.
139.
140.
141.
142.
143.
training courses offered through the current training partner (ISTT) and the potential new partner (NISIR) in Zambia. 5.2.3 Potential Strategic Partner Institutions 144. It is recommended that CTA goes into a partnership with ZNFU, PLAN, ZEGA and YWCA. These institutions have an information dissemination system which covers a wide target group and relatively high level of application of ICT methodologies. They all have direct links with farmers and farmers associations and offer the greatest opportunity to access and disseminate CTAs products and services. NISIR, UNZA, ZARI, DOF, LDT, and ZAWA are providers of technical inputs and human resources. ZARI and UNZA have continued to maintain services and activities started with CTAs input. NISIR, LDT and ZAWA are very strong institutions with a broad member base and good standing among donors and government institutions. NAE, NAIS, Radio Mano and Radio Lyambayi are also being recommended as partners of CTA. They play a key role of intermediaries in information dissemination and are charged with implementing programmes to bridge information gaps on topics related to agriculture and rural development. The recently launched ICT Policy in Zambia will need to be implemented within the institutions. CTA should consider providing support for the agricultural institutions to enable them to participate fully in the agricultural ICT Policy implementation process. An advisory group should be created to add experiences from the private sector through consulting firms, independent study groups, associations, etc., and a methodology for action established. There is a lack of communication between poor farmers and women on one hand and the research institutions and developers of extension programmes on the other hand. There is no policy guidance on the use of private or community radio stations by government staff (e.g. extension staff and researchers). The ICM Strategy should address this lack of linkage.
145.
146.
147.
148.
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6.
PROPOSED CTA ACTION PLAN
INTERVENTION
STRATEGY
AND
149.
The analysis of the conclusions and recommendations above is evident that there are many needs which are not met or for which complimentary actions are needed in Zambia. Therefore, the vision of CTA clearly gives direction towards mitigating the many factors affecting ACP countries including Zambia as far as Information and Communication Technology is concerned. The vision of CTA by 2010 (Strategic Plan 2007-2010, 2006) is to have an increased number of ACP regional, national and local networks and organisations to benefit from its products and services, and to acquire improved skills and organisational capability in a wide range of areas, including: planning and decision-making (priority-setting, planning, project management, monitoring and evaluation), ICT infrastructure and use, management and information systems, establishing and managing likeminded networks, (e.g. farmer organisations), publishing and disseminating information products, establishing agricultural information services and formulating agricultural and rural development policies and strategies. Linking agricultural and rural development stakeholders in Zambia with the European Union (EU) partners by CTA would greatly improve the poor state of ICT infrastructure. CTAs products and services are effective and relevant to the agricultural and rural development objectives of Zambia. Very few institutions interviewed expressed their ignorance on services such as print publishing (Spore), publications and distribution services (publications distributed every year, bibliographic references, CD-ROM databases), web services (CTA website, ICT update, Agritrade, Anancy and Brussels weblog), seminars and networking and ICM training. However, CTA must identify the needy institutions, create partnerships through signing Memorandum of Understanding and target these products and services. Zambia is yet to benefit from CTA media services, ICM strategies (support on cross-cutting themes, often based on studies, technical workshops, training) and policies and integrated ICM services (support to national organisations). CTA must immediately intervene and help the Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives to develop strategies. In November 2007 a one-week workshop is planned by the International Institute for Communication and Development to bring together the Zambia Agricultural Research Institute (research department) and the National Agricultural Information Services (information and media department) to discuss the information strategy. CTAs presence at this workshop cannot be overemphasized. CTA has conducted and continues to conduct several important trainings at regional level in the SADC mainly at the In-Service Training Trust in Zambia. However, this is not sufficient enough if not followed up by in-country training-
150.
151.
152.
153.
154.
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of-trainers. A well planned and agreed follow-up strategy with an action plan and budget for each country must be implemented. 155. Tables 8, 9 and 10 below highlight the needs to be addressed by CTA in Zambia immediately, in the next two years and in five years time, respectively.
Table 8 Recommendations based on identified needs that should be addressed immediately Identified needs Recommended action ______________________________________________________________ Lack of communication between poor farmers, research institutes & developers of extension materials and extension services (includes lack of information sharing culture) Develop Information Management Strategy and build capacity in content management for research and extension service providers Sign Memorandum of Understanding with University of Zambia on the establishment of Q&A service Lack of statistical information and information about government policies Develop Information Management Strategy
Table 9 Recommendations based on identified needs that should be addressed 2008 - 2009 ___________________________________________________________ Identified needs Recommended action ___________________________________________________________ Lack of local, national and regional CTA to help setup local, national and networks for managing information regional networks systems Poor ICT infrastructure/resources Link agricultural and rural development stakeholders with partners having sources of funding Develop Information Management Strategy Train staff & stakeholders in the use of Internet Creation of awareness seminars, and conduct seminars and workshops
Little or lack of use of radio
Lack of knowledge in use of Internet
Lack of data analysis skills
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Weak capability and capacity to publish data and information
Train staff in effective communication, and writing skills as well as build capacity in content management CTA to help institutions develop repositories for local content & help to share knowledge south to south CTA to identify needy institutions, create partnerships and target them CTA to provide training in survey design and analysis Sign Memorandum of Understanding with e-Brain Forum of Zambia on the dissemination and dialogue with relevant authorities. CTA through its partners to help MACO finalise its MIS manual.
Lack of visibility of local content in international journals and bulletins
Lack of accurate and up-to-date Information in journals and bulletins Poor statistical information on rural livelihoods Poor implementation of National ICT Policy in Zambia
MACO MIS development stagnant
Table 10 Recommendations based on identified needs that should be addressed 2009 - 2011 _____________________________________________________________ Identified needs Recommended action _____________________________________________________________ ICT Policy implementation process CTA and MACO to join the Advisory Group already setup involving civil society (e.g. e-Brain Forum of Zambia), Ministry of Communications and Transport and the Communications Authority of Zambia Poor market information flow, utilization CTA to strengthen the market and analysis information system Websites for key agriculture institutions Train staff in website design and missing management tools ______________________________________________________________
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Annexes
Annex 1 Terms of reference Annex 2 Country Profile Annex 3 Profile of institutions Annex 4 List of institutions/persons interviewed Annex 5 Bibliography
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Annex 1
Terms of Reference
ASSESSMENT OF AGRICULTURAL INFORMATION NEEDS FOR CTAS PRODUCTS AND SERVICES IN ACP AFRICAN STATES Southern Africa & Ghana
1. Introduction The Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation (CTA) was established in 1983 under the Lom Convention between the ACP (African, Caribbean and Pacific) Group of States and the European Union Member States. Since 2000, it has operated within the framework of the ACP-EC Cotonou Agreement. CTAs tasks are to develop and provide services that improve access to information for agricultural and rural development, and to strengthen the capacity of ACP countries to produce, acquire, exchange and utilise information in this area. CTAs programmes are organised around three principal activities: providing an increasing range and quantity of information products and services and enhancing awareness of relevant information sources; supporting the integrated use of appropriate communication channels and intensifying contacts and information exchange (particularly intra-ACP); and developing ACP capacity to generate and manage agricultural information and to formulate information and communication management (ICM) strategies, including those relevant to science and technology. These activities take account of methodological developments in cross-cutting issues (gender, youth, information & communication technologies ICTs, and social capital), findings from impact assessments and evaluations of ongoing programmes as well as priority information themes for ACP agriculture. CTAs activities are currently distributed among three operational programme areas / departments: Information Products and Services; Communication Channels and Services; Information and Communication Management Skills and Systems. These operational departments are supported by Planning Corporate Services (P&CS) which is charged with the methodological underpinning of their work and monitoring the ACP environment in order to identify emerging issues and trends and make proposals for their translation into programmes and activities. This current exercise, therefore, falls within the mandate of P&CS. 2. Background Since 2003, CTA has been systematically conducting needs assessment studies across the Pacific, Caribbean and Africa regions the regions it has been mandated to serve. These studies have been in direct response to calls for CTA, in various evaluations of its products, services and programmes, to be more strategic in its choice regarding the setting of its own agenda and reacting to demand. In putting together its Strategic Plan and Framework for Action 2001 2005, CTA took a pragmatic view and opted to
38
develop a strategy combining the benefits of both approaches, whereby the need to address the expressed demands of its stakeholders and the potential long-term advantages of developing programmes that address future needs were combined. The Centres new strategic plan covering the 2007 2010 period places emphasis on: improving CTAs efficiency and increasing the Centres outreach by addressing the major bottleneck of difficult or insufficient access to information in ACP countries; (ii) honing CTAs profile and further defining the niche where the Centre has a comparative advantage. Consequently, reaching more beneficiaries and further strengthening CTAs partnership networks is key as well as the thrust to make ICTs and ICM strategies more widely available. 3. Main issues CTA works primarily through intermediary public and private partners (research centres, extension services, libraries, NGOs, farmers organisations, regional organisations and networks, ) to promote agriculture and rural development. Under the new strategic plan, the organisations targeted will be extended to include print media, editors, radio, TV and journalist networks in order to further maximise outreach. Through these partnerships, CTA hopes to increase the number of ACP organisations capable of accessing and combining modern and conventional ICTs, generating and managing information and developing their own ICM strategies. The identification of appropriate partners is therefore of primordial importance, whilst bearing in mind issues such as geographical coverage, decentralisation, regionalisation, thematic orientation and transparent and objective criteria and procedures for partner selection. 4. Overall Objective Collaboration strategies with ACP agricultural organisations and relevance of CTAs support to African ACP countries improved. 5. Scope of the study The study will focus on: providing an overview of main agricultural services and actors existing in the country (information supply side) in terms of their strengths, weaknesses and opportunities for collaboration with CTA; identifying agricultural information and ICM capacity building needs of key actors / key strategic partners for CTA products and services; identifying potential strategic partners for CTA activities and services (paying special attention to e.g. print media, editors, radio, TV and journalist networks); developing some baseline data on the status of ICM and ICTs in the country to facilitate subsequent monitoring and updating activities. The study should assist CTA to improve and better target interventions and activities aimed at potential partners and beneficiaries (including women, youth, private sector and civil society organisations) to have a more informed picture of their needs and aid in the elaboration of a strategy and framework of action. The study should also highlight where there are specific needs for CTAs products and services thereby enabling improvement in the delivery of the same. 6. Expected results The expected results of the study are as follow:
39
status of infrastructure, information services and ICM capacity of institutions involved in agriculture and rural development described and analysed; information and capacity building needs in the area of ICM identified for key institutions and potential CTA partners involved in agriculture and rural development; baseline data on the status of ICM and ICT in agriculture and rural development compiled for monitoring purposes and improved outreach. The study should therefore also provide updated country profiles on the status agricultural information services, the status of ICM/T in the country, which will allow CTA to make informed decisions re type and mode of intervention as well as partner selection. This will be summarised in one (1) main report per country not exceeding 30 pages excluding annexes (cf. section 8 below). 7. Methodology The consultant will use a combination of qualitative and quantitative rapid appraisal methods including: the desk review of available literature and information sources including the findings of programme evaluations; the conduct of face-to-face interviews with relevant stakeholders / concerned parties; the limited use of questionnaires. The rapid appraisal approach will allow a general overview of the key issues and company / organisational profiles on a per country basis and may give rise to more indepth studies as and when needed in the future. 8. Reporting The country reports will not exceed 30 pages (excluding annexes) and is broken down as follows: Main report Acknowledgements List of Acronyms Executive summary 1. Introduction 2. Country profile 2.1 Brief description of agriculture and recent developments in the sector: 2.1.1 Agriculture 2.1.2 Fisheries 2.1.3 Forestry 2.1.4 Pastorialism / Livestock (where applicable) 2.2 Brief description of the status of ICT infrastructure and recent developments in the sector 3. Status of information and communication for agriculture and rural development 3.1 Institutional, regulatory and policy framework Status of national and/or other sectoral policies on information and communication for agriculture and rural development; definition of main strategic
40
focus and principal characteristics; opportunities and threats posed by the political, institutional and regulatory environment 3.2 Operational aspects 3.2.1 Description of agricultural information and services (main actors in the area of information and communication for agriculture and rural development) 3.2.2 Information products and services provided 3.2.3 Information and communication management capacity 3.3 Interventions supporting information and communication for agriculture and rural development Examine the main interventions undertaken, planned or foreseen by the State, donor agencies, private sector (e.g. telecommunications sector) to respond to identified needs paying particular attention to the priorities and means mobilised. Lessons learnt should also be addressed in this section 3.4. Needs analysis (Main bottlenecks and shortcomings) 3.4.1 Information needs 3.4.2 Capacity building needs (IC policies & strategies, sensitisation, networking, skills, training, media, ICT, equipment) 4. Conclusions and recommendations 4.1 Conclusions 4.1.1 Information Needs 4.1.2 Capacity Building Needs 4.1.3 Potential Strategic Partners 4.2 Recommendations 4.2.1 Capacity Building Needs 4.2.2 Information Needs 4.2.3. Potential Strategic Partner Institutions 5. Proposed CTA Intervention Strategy and Action Plan From the above analysis, establish a link between the needs which are not currently met or for which complementary actions are needed and CTAs supply (products and services). This should lead to an overall and coherent strategy for CTA and an action plan in priorities are identified and an implementation schedule defined. Annexes 1. Terms of reference 2. Country profile 2.1 General agricultural profile (from available documentation) 2.1.2 Size of agricultural population (male / female / youth) 2.1.3 Farmed land, forests, fishing areas 2.1.4 Agricultural systems 2.1.5 Agriculture in the economy (percentage GDP) 2.1.6 Main agricultural produce and secondary products 2.1.7 Main export markets 2.1.8 Trade agreements that include agriculture 2.1.9 Sectoral policy related to agriculture, fisheries and forests 2.2 Socio-economic profile (from available documentation) 2.2.1 Total active population, demographic breakdown 2.2.2 Literacy level and languages 2.2.3 Access to services (health, schools, electricity) 2.2.4 Rural urban drift
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2.3 Media and telecommunications (update / check) 2.3.1 Newspapers, periodicals, magazines, radio stations, television channels, 2.3.2 Telecommunication services (fixed, mobile, etc.) 2.3.3 Computers and Internet access 3. Profile of institutions 3.1 List of all main institutions involved in agriculture and rural development activities, including private sector and civil society organisations, with name, contact details, type and role of institution 3.2 Select list of key institutions involved in agriculture and rural development, with extensive data and information on the institution, the problems faced and why it is considered a key actor 4. List of institutions / persons interviewed (to include full contact details) 5. Bibliography 9. Timing The draft final report is to be submitted within three months after contract signature by CTA; the final report is due two weeks after receipt of comments from CTA. 10. Expertise needed The national consultant should have a university degree or equivalent by experience. In addition, he/she should have at least 10 years experience in field of agriculture, rural development or social / economic sciences. He/she must have in-depth knowledge of the agricultural sector in his/her country and be able to identify key players and institutions / organisations active in this area. Some knowledge of information sciences would be an added advantage. The ability to communicate and write clearly in English is essential, while knowledge of at least one of the local languages for communication / interview purposes is an added advantage. In addition to the skills above, the overall coordinator is expected to be fluent in English, have some knowledge of the 9 countries forming the object of this study, have demonstrated experience in coordinating studies with several consultants and in producing synthesis reports. The overall coordination of the exercise will be carried out by Ms Christine Webster, Deputy Head, Planning and Corporate Services CTA. 11. Implementation schedule (CTA) Preparation/Finalisation of ToR; Identification/ short-listing of (potential) consultants; Call for offers: July October 2006; Selection of consultants & contractual arrangements: October November 2006 Briefing: December 2006 / January 2007 Start date of contract: 1 December 2006 Implementation period 1 December 2006 31 August 2007 End date of project: 31 October 2007 12. Key documents to be made available to consultants Documents include: Cotonou Framework Agreement Executive Summaries of previous evaluation reports including ITAD, OPM, etc.
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CTAs Strategic Plan (2007-2010) Annual Reports Examples of reports of previous needs assessment studies Documents on products & services provided by CTA _________________________________
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Annex 2
Country Profile [Zambia]
2.1. General agriculture profile (from available documentation) Zambia is a landlocked country, lying between latitudes 8 and 18 degrees South and longitudes 22 and 34 degrees East. The country shares a boundary with eight other countries (Figure 1). It covers a total land area of 752,612 km2 and is administratively divided into nine provinces. Zambias climate is sub-tropical, characterised by three distinct seasons: the cool dry season, which stretches from May to August; the hot dry season from August to November and the rainy season from November to April. 2.1.1 Size of agricultural population (male/female) The last Census of Population and Housing in Zambia was conducted in 2000 (CSO, 2000 Census Report). The Census estimated the population of Zambia as at 9.9 million. At national level, 61 percent of the population was residing in rural areas, while 39 percent in urban areas. According to the Census 2000, there were a total of 1,305,783 agricultural households in Zambia having 6.7 million people. Most (81.8 percent) of the population in agricultural households was based in the rural areas of Zambia. However, the population of Zambia was estimated to be 10.9 million in the 2004 (Living Conditions Monitoring Survey 2004). There were 4.4 million economically active persons aged twelve years and above in agricultural households. According to gender, about 49.3 percent were males while 50.7 percent were females. Agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishery are the main industrial activities in which most (51.6 percent) of total workers in agricultural households are engaged. The average size of agricultural households was 5.5 persons, but the modal household size was four. Of the 1,305,783 agricultural households, 99.2 percent were engaged in crop growing, 34.8 percent were involved in livestock rearing while 62.2 percent were rearing poultry. The majority (81.8 percent) of Zambias agricultural households is based in rural areas. Eastern and Northern provinces accounted for the most of this population, with 16.8 and 15.2 percent of the total. In all provinces, there are consistently more females than males in the agricultural households. Table 11. Agricultural Households by Province and Residence, Zambia, 2000 Residence Total Rural Urban PROVINCE Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Central 133,109 10.2 114,322 85.9 18,787 14.1 Copperbelt 157,570 12.1 55,730 35.4 101,840 64.6 Eastern 231,120 17.7 221,683 95.9 9,437 4.1 Luapula 136,554 10.5 121,316 88.8 15,238 11.2 Lusaka 59,684 4.5 30,691 51.4 28,993 48.6 Northern 219,115 16.8 200,657 91.6 18,458 8.4 North-Western 95,334 7.3 86,880 91.1 8,454 8.9 Southern 144,201 11 130,535 90.5 13,666 9.5
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Western 129,096 9.9 122,859 95.2 TOTAL 1,305,783 100 1,084,673 83.1 Source: CSO, 2000 Census of Population and Housing, Zambia
6,237 221,110
4.8 16.9
Table 12. Agricultural Households by Province and Sex of Household, Zambia, 2000 Sex of Head of Household (percent) PROVINCE Total Number Both Sexes Male Female Central 133,109 100 83.4 16.6 Copperbelt 157,570 100 82.8 17.2 Eastern 231,120 100 80.2 19.8 Luapula 136,554 100 80.4 19.6 Lusaka 59,684 100 82.3 17.7 Northern 219,115 100 80.9 19.1 North-Western 95,334 100 81.4 18.6 Southern 144,201 100 83.3 16.7 Western 129,096 100 73.5 26.5 TOTAL 1,305,783 100 80.8 19.2 Source: CSO, 2000 Census of Population and Housing, Zambia
Table 13. Composition of Population of Agricultural Households by Province, Residence and Sex, Zambia, 2000 Total Rural Urban PROVINCE Both Male Female Both Male Female Both Male Female Central 763,630 49.6 50.4 657,122 49.6 50.4 106,508 49.1 50.9 Copperbelt 882,257 49.9 50.1 262,154 50.4 49.6 620,103 49.7 50.3 Eastern 1,135,045 48.7 51.3 1,080,970 48.7 51.3 54,075 48.5 51.5 Luapula 627,423 48.6 51.4 551,856 48.6 51.4 75,567 48.5 51.5 Lusaka 341,710 49.9 50.1 166,828 50.2 49.8 174,882 49.6 50.4 Northern 1,025,765 48.8 51.2 927,388 48.8 51.2 98,377 48.5 51.5 North-Western 478,269 49.0 51.0 430,799 49.0 51.0 47,470 48.5 51.5 Southern 868,643 48.5 51.5 788,373 48.5 51.5 80,270 48.4 51.6 Western 619,923 47.2 52.8 583,882 47.2 52.8 36,041 47.9 52.1 TOTAL 6,742,665 48.9 51.1 5,449,372 48.8 51.2 1,293,293 49.3 50.7 Source: CSO, 2000 Census of Population and Housing, Zambia 2.1.2 Farmed land, forests, fishing areas Zambia has a historical heritage of different land uses and systems. Zambia has a land area of 752,000 km2. Significant amount of the land use is in form of protected areas (forests estate and national parks/game reserves). Crop/livestock farming and fishing include some of the man-made activities. Agricultural development is only second to mining in Zambia. Production by a growing number of emergent or medium scale holders is estimated at 20% of the total farming population. More than 60% of the land in Zambia is forest. Forestry products contribute significantly to income, employment and subsistence in various parts of the country.
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Zambia has a total of 481 protected forest areas; 181 national forests and 300 local forest reserves. Table 14. Vegetation Types of Zambia Vegetation Type Area, 1000 ha Proportion, % Closed Forest 0.06 420 Parinari 0.06 430 Marquesia 2.07 15,560 Lake Basin 2.00 15,210 Cryptoseplum 0.91 6,830 Baikiaea 0.25 1,900 Itigi 0.01 40 Montane 0.20 1,530 Swamp 0.11 810 Riparian Woodland (Open Forest) 41.41 311,460 Miombo 11.36 85,460 Kalahari 5.15 38,700 Mopane 4.34 32,600 Munga 3.23 24,260 Termitaria Grassland 206,350 27.44 Open Water 10,500 1.40 TOTAL 752,060 100.00 Source: GRZ, 1998
Table 15. Land use in Zambia Nature of Land use Percentage Coverage Agriculture 45 (22% arable land) Wildlife development 30 Forestry development 9
Comments 3 % is for commercial farming; 20% smallholder farming; and 22% is unused land National parks take 8% and Game Management areas 22% 8% is protected forest areas which is on traditional land and 1% is forest reserve which is on state land 6% Gazetted as commercial fishing areas
Water 14 Urban development 2 Source: Department of Research and Specialist Services, Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Fisheries, 2003
Zambia despite being a landlocked country has 20% of its surface covered by water bodies in form of lakes, swamps, rivers and streams. The Zambian fishery is important as it provides employment to many people and its the main source of animal protein. The importance of the fish subsector is underscored by its potential to contribute to the nutritional status of the country (CTA, 2000). However, its contribution to the GDP in the entire agriculture sector constitutes a small proportion of 5.7% (over the 1985-1994 period).
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Table 16. Occurrence of Fish Species by Fishery Fishery Characteristics Bangweulu Lakes and Swamps Complex Consist of five main lakes namely Bangueulu, Chale, Chifunauli, Kampolombo and Walliumpe Man-made lake created by damming the Kafue River. Man-made lake made b damming the Zambezi River Lies in an internal drainage basin with no out floor This an old rift valley lake formed as a result of tectonic movements on the earths Consists of the Barotse flood plains
Total Area 15,000 km2
Number of Species 87
Lake Itezhi-tezhi Lake Kariba
370km2 5,364km2 1,570 km2 32,000 km2 10,900 km2 19,490 km2 4,500 km2
61 57
Lake Mweru-Wantipa
13
Lake Tanganyika
252
Upper Zambezi Flood Plain Lukanga Swamps
80
Extension of the Kafue river system Covers 2% of the countrys area Lake Mweru-Wantipa Has over 103 species of fish Source: Fisheries Department, 1999
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2.1.3 Agricultural systems In Zambia, farming systems have to a great extent been influenced by the physical and climatic characteristics of the three major agro-ecological zones. Table 5 shows each zone and the soil type.
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Table 17. Soils in Agro-ecological Zones and their Limitations to Crop Production Zone General Description of Soils Limitations to Crop Production I Loamy and clay with course to Slightly acidic to alkaline. Minor fertility fine tops limitations Reddish coarse sandy soils Low pH, available water and nutrient capacity reserve Poorly drained sandy soils Severe wetness, acidic and low fertility Shallow and gravel soils in rolling Limited depth and unsuitable for to hilly areas including cultivation escarpment zones II Moderately leached clayey to Low nutrient reserves and water holding loamy soils capacity Slightly leached clayey soils Slight to moderate acidity. Difficult to work due to heavy textured top soil Coarse sandy loams in large Imperfectly to poorly. Limitations due to valley dambos wetness Sandy soils on Kalahari sand Medium to strong acidity, course textured topsoil, low holding capacity of water and nutrients III Red to brown clayey soils Very strong acidity and strongly leached Limited depth Moderately to strongly leached. Fewer limitations Shallow and gravel soils in rolling Limited depth hilly areas Clayey soils, red in colour Moderately to strongly leached. Fewer limitations Poorly to very poorly drained flood Viable texture and acidity plain soils Coarse sandy soils in pan dambos Very strong acidity on Kalahari sand Soils of the rift valley Source: Zambia Seed Technology Handbook, 1995 There are eight forms of farming systems with implications on agriculture development and performance. These are indicated below: Shifting and hoe cultivation this is predominantly practiced in Northern, Luapula and North-Western provinces by resource poor small scale farmers. Chitemene falls under this category and contributes to deforestation. Semi-commercial ox and tractor plough cultivation and ranching This is practiced in Central, Eastern, Southern and Lusaka provinces Semi permanent hoe and ox plough cultivation this is found in Western Province only Fishing and semi permanent hoe and ox plough cultivation practised in eastern and Luapula provinces Forests found in North-Western and Copperbelt and are leading to a conflict between continued maintenance or the need for agricultural land.
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Wooded areas with permanent cultivation these are found in North-Western, Copperbelt, Central, Southern and Lusaka provinces National Parks these are found in all provinces apart from Copperbelt and Lusaka provinces.
2.1.4 Agriculture in the economy (percent GDP) The Government of Zambia adopted the Structural Adjustment Programme (SAP) in 1991 in an attempt to address the unfavourable copper prices leading to a decline in export earnings. The intention was to create a macro-economic stability in the economy. Agriculture has been perceived to play a critical role in all this, that being the engine of Zambias economic growth. Non-traditional exports (NTEs) have risen since 1987 (Figure 2). Figure 2. Share of Agriculture in Non-traditional Exports US$ >000 (1987-1997)
Real growth rate in the agricultural sector has fluctuated significantly mainly due to the sectors high dependence on seasonal rainfall, reduced investments and the failure to strategically position the sector according to its comparative advantage. About 75 percent of Zambias population is engaged in agriculture, largely subsistence farming, which remains vulnerable to weather fluctuations. The sector has contributed 18 percent to GDP over the past decade. Non-traditional agriculture-based export earnings increased from US$46.5 million in 1995 to US$133.9 million in 1999. 2.1.5 Main agricultural produce and secondary products The Post Harvest Surveys between 2001/2002 and 2004/2005 agricultural seasons show proportions of agricultural production by selected major crops (Table 18). Maize,
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Cassava and Seed Cotton are the highest produced crops in Zambia. Maize is the most important staple food crop widely grown in all provinces of Zambia. Table 18. Agricultural Production (000 Mt), 2001/2002-2004/2005 Selected Major Crops 2001/2002 2002/2003 2003/2004 2004/2005 Maize 664,116 869,964 1,056,676 821,197 Groundnuts 75,781 67,412 71,720 86,287 Sunflower seeds 7,389 10,488 12,024 8,302 Seed cotton 65,979 75,363 142,160 133,800 Soya beans 3,348 9,051 13,188 18,148 Burley Tobacco 4,930 3,241 7,928 10,461 Virginia Tobacco 5,205 3,244 3,653 Paddy rice 19,210 14,703 17,189 17,083 Sorghum 18,639 27,895 30,320 14,896 Millet 40,282 35,463 33,190 31,387 Mixed Beans 19,911 19,788 20,965 27,460 Cassava 282,331 189,253 461,339 Source: Post Harvest Surveys, 2001/2002, 2002/2003, 2003/2004 and 2004/2005 (Small and medium farmers) Table 19. Proportion of Households Engaged in Agricultural Activities by Place of Residence and Province
Residence/ Province Total Zambia Rural Urban Central Rural Urban Copperbelt Rural Urban Eastern Rural Urban Luapula Rural Urban Lusaka Rural Urban Northern Rural Urban North-Western Rural Urban Southern Rural Urban Western Rural All households 2,110,640 1,287,490 823,150 207,243 147,243 60,100 311,712 71,694 240,018 290,224 220,570 69,654 171,659 144,194 24,465 309,949 52,691 257,258 275,395 223,070 52,325 126,107 95,619 30,195 252,423 189,317 63,106 166,219 142,948 Non Agric households 738,724 128,749 609,131 49,303 13,243 36,060 195,568 10,754 184,814 36,684 8,823 27,862 23,483 14,419 9,063 264,294 14,753 249,540 36,930 13,384 23,546 22,797 8,606 14,192 73,834 20,825 53,009 29,720 17,154 Percentage 35 10 74 24 9 60 63 15 77 13 4 40 13 10 33 85 28 97 13 6 45 18 9 47 30 11 84 18 12 Agricultural households 1,372,760 1,158,741 214,019 157,940 133,900 24,040 116,144 60,940 55,204 253,540 211,747 41,792 148,176 129,775 18,402 45,655 37,938 7,718 238,465 209,686 28,779 103,017 87,013 16,003 178,589 168,492 10,097 136,499 125,794 Percentage 65 90 26 76 91 40 37 85 23 87 96 60 87 90 67 15 72 3 87 94 55 82 91 53 70 89 16 82 88
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Residence/ Province Urban
All households 23,271
Non Agric households 12,566
Percentage 54
Agricultural households 10,705
Percentage 46
Source: CSO, Living Conditions Monitoring Survey Report, 2004 Table 20. Proportion of Agricultural Households engaged in growing various types of Maize and Distribution of Maize Production by Residence and Province 2003/2004
Residence/ Province Agricultural households Percent Growing Maize(All types) 86 85 93 95 97 99 50 99 69 90 96 92 Percent Growing Local Maize 68 68 66 67 73 92 42 57 58 81 54 74 Percent Growing Hybrid Maize 25 23 30 35 28 22 9 51 12 12 47 23 Maize Production (Mt) (1998) 965,522 852,531 112,991 241,535 75,190 249,363 18,343 57,371 46,556 47,586 185,400 43,878 Maize Production (Mt) 2004 1,116,947 938,293 178,654 170,513 144,949 249,916 39,613 89,823 103,098 73,782 180,934 64,320
Total Zambia Rural Urban Central Copperbelt Eastern Luapula Lusaka Northern North-Western Southern Western
1,372,760 1,158,741 214,019 157,940 116,144 253,540 148,176 45,655 238,465 103,017 178,589 136,499
Source: CSO, Living Conditions Monitoring Survey Report, 2004
Table 21. Percentage of Agricultural Households Engaged in Growing Other Staple Crops and Production, 2003-2004
Residence/ Province Total Zambia Rural Urban Central Copperbelt Eastern Luapula Lusaka Northern North-Western Southern Western Agricultural households 1,372,760 1,158,741 214,019 157,940 116,144 253,540 148,176 45,655 238,465 103,017 178,589 136,499 Percent Growing Cassava 34 37 14 20 9 5 90 4 70 48 1 40 Cassava Production 90kg Bags 4,112,472 3,904,280 208,193 186,895 37,611 74,803 1,355,067 45,628 1,667,881 468,856 1,368 274,363 Percent Growing Millet 9 10 1 7 1 2 4 34 1 3 7 Millet Production 90kg Bags 555,763 533,402 22,361 57,445 2,523 11,895 22,812 401 406,145 1,339 25,676 27,530 Percent Growing Sorghum 4 5 2 8 6 1 1 2 4 3 7 6 Sorghum Production 50kg Bags 372,187 344,113 28,073 104,329 48,942 10,168 27,535 2,163 28,893 26,286 95,820 28,052 Percent Growing Rice 2 2 2 1 0 2 2 0 5 0 0 6 Rice Production 90kg Bags 108,542 90,308 18,234 6,567 143 16,968 10,338 866 32,719 267 40,675
Source: CSO, Living Conditions Monitoring Survey Report, 2004 Table 22. Number and Proportion of Livestock Owning Households by Type of livestock, Residence and Province, 2003-2004 Residence/ Agricultural Households Cattle % Goats % Pigs % Sheep % Province households Owning Livestock
Total Zambia Rural Urban 1,372,760 1,158,741 214,019 434,345 406,722 27,623 52 52 54 53 53 42 28 28 24 4 4 5
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Residence/ Province Central Copperbelt Eastern Luapula Lusaka Northern North-Western Southern Western
Agricultural households 157,940 116,144 253,540 148,176 45,655 238,465 103,017 178,589 136,499
Households Cattle % Owning Livestock

47,735 14,381 106,287 32,513 17,281 65,785 22,783 87,356 40,524 59 36 55 9 55 33 25 67 88
Goats %
Pigs %
Sheep %
63 44 43 72 59 68 66 57 11
12 36 47 31 20 28 24 21 13
1 8 6 5 5 6 9 1 -
Source: CSO, Living Conditions Monitoring Survey Report, 2004 2.1.6 Main export markets
Europe is generally the major destination of Zambias exports accounting for the largest average market share of about 59 percent. The European Union (EU) countries account for the biggest proportion. The export market share for the Southern African Community (SADC) has risen by 6 percent in 2003. Table 23 below gives the agricultural export products. Table 23. Agricultural Export Products, Extra Zambia Trade for 2003 SITC Commodity 06111 Cane Sugar, Raw, In Solid Form 26310 Cotton, Not Carded or Combed 65133 Cotton Yarn (Excluding Sewing Thread), with >=85% cotton, for Retail 4 12120 Tobacco, Partly or Wholly Stemmed/Stripped 5 05469 Other vegetables & Mixtures of Vegetables, Frozen, Nes 6 29271 Cut Flowers & Flower Buds for Ornamental Purposes, Fresh, Dried 7 07111 Coffee, Not Roasted, Not Decaffeinated 8 29629 Other Live Plants, Cuttings & Slips; Mushroom Spawn 9 12110 Tobacco, Not Stemmed/Stripped 10 26339 Other Cotton Waste 11 44100 Maize Seed 12 22230 Cotton Seeds Source: CSO, External Trade Statistics Bulletin, 2004 Ranking 1 2 3 2003 Values As % of Total 147,398 3.19 117,030 2.53 104,427 2.26 63,354 50,735 36,275 34,981 32,259 31,784 23,082 21,557 15,083 1.37 1.10 0.78 0.76 0.70 0.69 0.50 0.47 0.33
Table 24. Export Percentage Market Shares by Major Trading Partners, 1999-2004 Regional/Continent 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 SADC 28.8 29.1 29.2 37.2 43.7 48.1 Rest of Africa 1.6 1.3 2.1 1.1 1.1 0.8 Africa Total 25.4 30.5 31.3 38.3 44.8 48.9 Asia 6.5 1.6 5.9 6.1 11.2 7.9
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Regional/Continent 1999 2000 2001 European Union 53.1 55.0 55.4 Rest of Euopean Union 14.2 11.8 6.5 Europe Total 67.3 66.7 61.9 Rest of the World 0.9 1.1 1.0 World Total 100 100 100 Source: CSO, External Trade Statistics Bulletin, 2004
2002 47.6 6.7 54.3 1.4 100
2003 34.5 8.1 42.6 1.5 100
2004 26.2 16.0 42.3 1.0 100
2.1.7 Trade Agreements that include agriculture WTO (as General Agreement on Trade and Tariff - GATT) was established in 1947. It sought substantial reduction in tariffs and other barriers to trade as well as to eliminate discriminatory treatment in international trade. So far eight rounds of negotiations have taken place during GATT existence. At the end of 1994 128 signatories were recorded and Zambia signed to GATT on 10 February 1982. WTO founded on 1/1/1995 with the conclusion of Uruguay Round Multilateral Trade Negotiations at Marrakesh on 15/04/1994 with the objectives of creating a transparent, free and rule-based trading system; providing common institutional framework for conduct of trade relations among member countries; facilitating the implementation, administration and operation of Multilateral Trade Agreements; creating rules and procedures Governing Dispute settlements; creating a trade policy review mechanism; with concern for LDCs and NFIDCs; concern on non-trade issues such as Food Security, environment, health and animal rights. WTO Agreement on Agriculture, aims at having a fair and market oriented trading system; Commitments on support and protection; Operationally effective GATT Rules and Disciplines; Equitable Trade Reform process; Greater opportunities and Terms of Access to developing countries; Concern for LDCs and NFIDCs; Concern on Non-trade issues e.g.. Food security, environment and health. The Treaty creating Preferential Trade Area (PTA) came into force in September 1992 following ratification by nine Member States. COMESA began in December 1994, formed to replace the PTA which had existed from the earlier days of 1981. This was the first step towards higher forms of regional economic cooperation and integration for sustainable growth and development of Member States. COMESA became a Free Trade Area in October 2000. The Treaty establishing COMESA was signed on 5th November 1993 in Kampala, Uganda and was ratified in Lilongwe, Malawi on 8th December 1994. The members are: Angola, Burundi Comoros, D.R. Congo, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Rwanda, Seychelles, Sudan, Swaziland, Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe. CET by 2004 0%, 5%, 15% and 30% on capital goods, raw materials, intermediate goods and final goods respectively. COMESA agreed to maintain a full free trade area guaranteeing the free movement of goods and services produced within COMESA and the removal of all tariffs and non-tariff barriers; a customs union under which goods and services imported from non-COMESA countries will attract an agreed single tariff on all COMESA States. The aim the COMESA Trade Regime on Agricultural commodities include the co-ordination of member states policies and activities that relate to the export of crops, livestock, livestock products, fish and fish products and forest products; to harmonize member states policies in relation to international commodity agreements for the export of crops and livestock. The Southern Africa Development Community (SADC) Trade Protocol aims are to liberalize and ensure efficient production comparative advantage; contribute towards
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investment; enhance economic Development & diversification and establish a Free Trade Area. All goods and services are covered 85% of intra SADC trade expected to be liberalized by 2008 and the remaining 15% by 2012. There is need for setting standards of trade but so far little work has been done in terms of agriculture good and services ACP-EU Cotonou Agreement is a successor to the Lome Convention between the EU and 77 countries in Africa, Caribbean and the Pacific. This will go on till 2020 with the Non-reciprocal trade preferences granted by EU to ACP States. Preferential treatment is given for Least Developed Countries (LDCs) under General System of Preferences (GSP). The ACP-EU Cotonou agreement seeks to reduce and eventually eradicate poverty; contributing to sustainable development and to the gradual integration of ACP countries into the world economy. The current negotiation themes launched in 2002 include market access; agriculture and fisheries; trade in services; development cooperations; trade related issues; and legal issues. 2.1.8 Sectoral Policy Related to Agriculture, fisheries and forests 2.1.8.1 Policy Declarations
The Agriculture Policy The draft National Agricultural Policy of 2001 envisions the provision of food security for the majority of Zambians through increased yields and to have agriculture that utilizes natural resources on a sustainable basis for income, employment generation and economic growth. For fisheries, the focus is to promote community based resource management of fisheries thereby improving catches. The role of the public sector will increasingly be confined to policy formulation, enforcement of legislation, regulation and inspection, maintenance of the strategic food reserves, provision of market information, financing the control of pests and diseases, provision of agricultural services (research and extension) in partnership with the private sector, provision of targeted support to outlying areas and underprivileged farmer groups, promoting capacity building within public and private organizations and monitoring and evaluation of overall sector performance including projects and programmes. The policy promotes sustainable and environmentally sound agricultural practices through farming systems such as conservation farming, afforestation, agro forestry and green manuring. This is intended to arrest rapid deforestation, loss of agro biodiversity and land degradation. The policy will be realized through the following specific priority objectives: 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) To ensure national and household food security through dependable annual production of adequate supplies of basic foodstuffs at competitive costs; To contribute to sustainable industrial development by providing locally produced agro based raw materials; To increase agricultural exports thereby enhancing the sectors contribution to the national balance of payments; To generate income and employment through increased agriculture production and productivity; and To ensure that the existing agricultural resource base is maintained and improved upon.
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Some of the key sectoral strategies to realize the objectives include: i) Strengthening and monitoring the liberalization of markets and facilitating private sector development ii) Diversification of agricultural production iii) Reviewing and realigning institutional and legislative arrangements iv) Development of infrastructure in potentially productive agricultural areas v) Development and promotion of appropriate technology vi) Prevention and control of pests, crop and livestock diseases of national importance vii) Strengthening emergency preparedness viii) Regulating the introduction and use of bio-technological products in particular, genetically modified organisms (GMOs). The Draft Fisheries Policy Many issues contribute to poor fisheries management and the depletion of the fisheries resource base. One of the major threats to sustainable fisheries production is over fishing. This is caused by increased number of fishermen exerting pressure on the fisheries resource and the use of bad and destructive fishing methods. Other factors are poor enforcement, monitoring and management of fisheries caused by inadequate supervisory capacity, lack of data of fish stocks and guidelines. To improve the management of fisheries, it was recommended: a) Renewal of the restriction on fishing gear; b) Strengthening institutional enforcement and monitoring capacity; c) Introduction of community based fisheries management; d) Undertaking fish inventories to determine yield standards and levels e) Strengthening existing services; and f) Developing a comprehensive policy and legal framework for fisheries management and development. 2.1.8.2 Relevant Legislation
The Agricultural Lands Act, Cap 187 The Agricultural Lands Act is the principal legal instrument for agricultural management. It does not apply to customary land. The statute is implemented by the Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives. The Act empowers the Minister to declare any State Land or private land (with the consent of the registered owner) as agricultural land and hence subject to the provisions of the Act. The Agricultural Lands Board comprising members appointed by the Minister determines issues related to agricultural land. The Act obliges a lessee to use his holding primarily for agricultural or related purposes and for the personal residence of himself, his family and necessary staff and for no other purpose, except with the prior consent of the President. The Noxious Weeds Act, Cap 231 The Noxious Weeds Act is the main legislative framework dealing with IAS, in this Act generally referred to as Noxious weeds. The Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives, through the Plant Quarantine and Phytosanitary Service, implements the Act. The Act provides for the eradication of noxious weeds. The Minister has power to declare by statutory notice, any plant to be a noxious weed in any area that may be specified in the notice. "Noxious weed" is defined as any plant declared to be a noxious weed.
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The Act places a duty on every occupier of land within any specified area to report the occurrence of and to eradicate noxious weeds. The Minister is empowered to prohibit or restrict the importation, distribution, conveyance or sale of any noxious weed or of any seed with which the seed of any particular noxious weed has become mixed. It is an offence to obstruct or interfere with any inspector, assistant or agent of any inspector, in the execution of any duty or exercise of any power imposed or conferred by the provisions of the Act. The Plant Pests and Diseases Act, Cap 233 The Plant Pests and Diseases Act is the enabling framework for the eradication and prevention of the introduction and spread of plant pests and diseases in Zambia. The Plant Quarantine and Phytosanitary Service implement this act. Pests The Act bestows wide discretionary powers on the Minister to regulate and provide for the eradication of pests and the prevention or control of attacks by the spread of pests. Specifically, the Minister regulates: (a) The disinfection, treatment, fumigation, destruction or disposal of pests or infested plants; (b) The restriction, removal or transportation of pests or plants; (c) The control and destruction of host plants and alternate hosts; (d) The prohibition, restriction, cultivation, destruction and harvesting of plants if, in the opinion of the Minister, a pest cannot otherwise be readily or adequately controlled or eradicated; (e) The methods of planting, cleaning, cultivating and harvesting to be adopted and the precautions and measures to be taken by an owner of land for the purpose of preventing or controlling attacks by or the spread of a pest; (f) The registration and inspection of nurseries; (g) The disinfection, fumigation and treatment of vehicles, land, warehouses, buildings and structures suspected of being or having been used for the storage of anything likely to infest a plant with a pest; (j) The declaration of infested or quarantine areas; and (k) The payment and recovery of fees for any disinfection, fumigation or treatment carried out by an inspector. Injurious Organisms The Minister may prohibit, restrict and regulate the importation of any growing media, injurious organisms and invertebrates. Importation in relation to growing media, injurious organisms, invertebrates or plants, includes transit through Zambia. Cured Tobacco The Minister issues licenses to authorize the handling, storing or removal of cured tobacco. The Act prohibits any person from handling, delivering, storing or removing cured tobacco from any unlicensed premises or premises not suitable for the purpose of curing or storing tobacco. The Act prohibits the Minister from issuing a license in respect of any premises unless he is satisfied on the report of an inspector that the premises are suitable for the handling and storing of cured tobacco and are free from pests. An inspector may order the owner of the premises to disinfect, fumigate or treat the premises and their contents within fourteen days in the manner ordered by the inspector if the premises or cured tobacco are infested with a pest or if the inspector confirms the existence of an infestation reported by an owner of premises.
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Growing Media In respect of growing media, an inspector has power to: i. Enter at all reasonable times on land, buildings or structures; ii. Inspect any growing media or plant; iii. Order the application of measures which are reasonably necessary or prescribed for the eradication or prevention of the spread of a pest; iv. Order the destruction of alternate hosts and any plant which is growing on land contrary to the provisions of the Act; v. Give instructions for the adoption of measures prescribed for the purpose of protecting cured tobacco from infestation with a pest of tobacco; and vi. Declare a nursery as an infested area until such time as the nursery is free from the pest. The Agriculture (Fertilizers and Feed) Act, Cap 226 The Act was enacted in 1970 to provide for the regulation and control of the manufacture, processing, importation and sale of agricultural fertilizers and farm feed and for the minimum standards of effectiveness and purity of such fertilizers and feed. The Act is implemented by the Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives. For purposes of administration of the Act, registration or licensing of plants under the Act, the Minister appoints a Registering Officer who is a public officer. The conditions for importation of fertilizers and farm feed containing animal substance, bone or other substance are elucidated in section 40 as follows: i. An importer must submit to the Minister a certificate issued and signed in the country of origin of the fertilizer, farm feed, bone or other substance by the person designated by the Minister; and ii. The certificate of importation must state that the fertilizer or farm feed is free from pathogenic organisms or that the bone or substance has been sterilized in the prescribed manner. The Plant Variety and Seeds Act, Cap 236 This Act was enacted in 1967 to provide for the regulation and control of the production, sale, import and export of seed and to provide for testing and for minimum standards of germination and purity. It also provides for the certification of seed. The Act is implemented by the Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives. The Cotton Act, Coffee Act and Plant Pests and Diseases Act also control the seed sub-sector. Seed is defined as the part of any plant, customarily referred to as seed, intended for planting and includes seed potatoes. The Seed Control and Certification Institute is designated as the Certifying Authority and is responsible for the administration of the Act, quality control, monitoring seed trade and providing coordination of the sector. Prescribed Seed The Minister has power to declare seed to be prescribed seed for purposes of the Act. The Act prescribes standards for packaging, selling, labelling and transportation of prescribed seed. The Minister may order the disposal of sub-standard seed, destruction without compensation to the owner, direct its return to the person from whose custody and control it was taken, bring proceedings for forfeiture and destruction and if the seed upon testing is certified to be injurious to the health of human beings, animals and plants, order the seed to be forfeited and destroyed without compensation to the owner.
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Restricted Seed Restricted seed refers to any seed the importation of which by virtue of a regulation made by the Minister is restricted, limited, subject to condition or prohibited. The Minister issues permits for the importation of restricted seed. Any imported seed must be taken for testing to a certifying agency and should not be sold or disposed off by any person prior to the receipt of a report on the test from the Certifying Authority. Certified Seed The Minister may prescribe certain seed as Zambia certified seed or imported certified seed. The Minister may further, by statutory notice, specify any particular variety of prescribed seed which may be cultivated for the purpose of producing seed for certification as Zambia certified seed, or which may, if imported, be certified as imported certified seed. The Act requires any seed producer who desires to cultivate any specified variety for purposes of certification as Zambia certified seed, to apply to the Certifying Authority for registration. The Certifying Authority may impose such conditions and limitations upon any registration as may be necessary. Registration is valid for the production of one crop only of the particular specified variety or varieties to which it relates; but for the purposes of sale of Zambia certified seed, it is valid for so long as is necessary for the registered seed producer to dispose of the Zambia certified seed. The Plant Variety (Potato Seed) Regulations provide for requirements for potato seed. They set standards for the importation, growing, packaging, virus control and seed quality. Potato seed is declared prescribed seed. The Tobacco Act, Chapter 237 The Tobacco Act, enacted in 1968, provides for the promotion, control and regulation of the production, marketing and packing of tobacco, the promotion and control of the export of tobacco from and import into Zambia and promotion of research in connection with tobacco. The Act requires all tobacco growers to be registered in respect of the growing of any class of tobacco. The Minister prescribes the classes and varieties of tobacco, controls the marketing of a specified class or grade and regulates, by permit, the export of tobacco. The Minister may, after consultation with the Board, by statutory instrument, exempt any person or class of persons or any class of tobacco from the provisions of the Act. The Plant Pests and Diseases (Potato and Tobacco Growing) Regulations The Regulations prohibit the growing of field potatoes and field tobacco at the same time on a farm between the 1st October and the 31st March in any growing season. The Minister may, upon receipt of a written application, exempt, subject to such conditions as he may specify any person or class of persons from complying with the provisions of the regulations. The Plant Pests and Diseases (Tobacco) Regulations The Regulations require tobacco lands to be cleared annually. The tobacco plants, including stalks and roots must be destroyed by: i. Burning; ii. Conversion into manure by a process approved by an inspector; iii. Ploughing or discing; or iv. Any other method of destruction approved in writing by an inspector.
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The Cotton Act, Cap 227 The Act provides for the protection and control of the cotton industry, regulates the importation of cottonseed and prevents the spread of diseases affecting cotton. The Minister has power to make regulations: (a) To deal with diseases affecting cotton; (b) To regulate the importation of cotton seed; and (c) Generally for the protection and control of the cotton industry. The Plant Pests and Diseases (Cotton) Regulations oblige an owner of land cultivated for the production of cotton to destroy all cotton plants on his land annually: (d) On or before the 1st August in each year if that land is situated in an infested area or in a quarantine area; or (e) On or before the 1st October in each year if that land is situated outside an infested area or a quarantine area. The owner is further prohibited from planting any cotton in an infested area or in a quarantine area before the 1st October in any year. The Cotton (Control of Diseases) Regulations empower the Minister to destroy all cotton plants that are not destroyed during the prescribed periods. The Minister may exempt any person or class of persons from complying with the Regulations. The Coffee Act, Cap 228 The Act establishes the Coffee Board of Zambia, defines its functions and powers and those of the Zambia Coffee Growers Association. It also regulates the coffee industry and the control, production and marketing of coffee. The Act prohibits the selling or dealing in any manner with coffee for commercial purposes without a license and growing or curing coffee without certification. Inspectors appointed under the Act have powers of entry into premises, inspection of books, search, seizure and arrest. Police officers assist with the enforcement of the Act. National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan The plan was formulated in 1999 in fulfilment of Zambias obligation under the Convention on Biodiversity. It is implemented by the MTENR. The NBSAP states that conservation of biodiversity in Zambia is derived from the need to support the economic and livelihood activities of the countrys population who depend on natural resource utilization and that the agriculture, fisheries, forestry, wildlife and tourism sectors directly depend on biodiversity. The Fisheries Act, Cap 200 The Act provides for the development of commercial fishing, the control of fishing and the registration of fishermen and their boats. It does not cover private fish farming. The Surveyor of vessels in the MCT determines the suitability of large commercial fishing vessels. The Department of Fisheries (DoF) is mandated to manage and develop the fisheries resources in Zambia and to enforce legislation related to the utilization of the fish resource. To enhance enforcement, police officers above the rank of Assistant Inspector exercise some regulatory responsibilities under the Fisheries Act. The Minister may appoint a Fishing Development Committee for the better co-ordination and improvement of commercial fishing in any commercial fishing area.193 Fisheries officers have powers of search, arrest and seizure of any fish, net, vessel or device
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unlawfully obtained. The Minister, Director or other licensing officer may suspend, vary or cancel a fishing license The Zambia Wildlife Act, No. 12 Of 1998 The main objectives of the Act are to provide for the establishment, control and management of National Parks and for the conservation and enhancement of wildlife eco-systems, biodiversity, and of objects of aesthetic, pre-historic, historical, geological, archaeological and scientific interest in National Parks. It further provides for the promotion of opportunities for the equitable and sustainable use of the special qualities of National Parks. The Act makes provision for the establishment, control and management of GMAs, the sustainable use of wildlife and the effective management of the wildlife habitat in GMAs and envisions the enhancement of benefits of these areas to local communities and to wildlife through involvement of local communities in the management of GMAs. The Forests Act, Cap 199 The Forests Act provides for the establishment and management of National Forests and Local Forests, makes provision for the conservation and protection of forests and trees and the licensing and sale of forest produce. In terms of protection of species, it empowers the Minister to declare any kind or category of trees, to be a protected tree in the whole or part of Zambia by statutory instrument. It prohibits the felling, cutting, burning, injuring, taking or removing of any protected tree. The 1999 Forests Act (that awaits the enactment of a commencement order to make it effective) amended the 1974 Act. Unlike the old Forests Act, the new Act in line with the National Forestry Policy, makes provision for the participation of local communities, traditional institutions, NGOs and other stakeholders in forest management through joint forest management. The Lands Act, Cap 184 The President may alienate land to any Zambian. A non-Zambian is eligible to hold land if the non-Zambian is, for example, permanently resident in Zambia, given consent by the President, an investor or a holder of a concession under the Zambia Wildlife Act. The Presidents powers of land alienation are however not without limitation; he for instance, cannot alienate land in a district or under customary tenure without making consultation with the relevant chief or local authority. Section Three of the Act states in subsection (4) that the President shall not alienate any land situated in a district or an area where land is held under customary tenure(a) Without taking into consideration the local customary law on land tenure which is not in conflict with this Act; (b) Without consulting the Chief and the local authority in the area in which the land to be alienated is situated, and in the case of a game management area, and the Director of National Parks and Wildlife Service, who shall identify the piece of land to be alienated; (c) Without consulting any other person or body whose interest might be affected by the grant; and (d) If an applicant for a leasehold title has not obtained the prior approval of the chief and the local authority within whose area the land is situated. The Convention On Biological Diversity (Nairobi, 1992) The Convention was adopted on 5th June 1992 and came into force on 29th December 1993. It was ratified by Zambia in 1993. The MTENR implements the Convention in
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Zambia. The objectives of the Convention are the conservation of biological diversity, the sustainable use of its components and the fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising from the use of genetic resources. International Plant Protection Convention, 1951 The International Plant Protection Convention was adopted in November 1951 and came into force in April 1952. Zambia acceded to the Convention on 24th June 1986. The Convention was developed against a background of incidents and threats relating to the introduction of pests and diseases of plants and plant products, particularly through transboundary movements. The Phytosanitary Convention for Africa, 1974 This Convention deals with plant diseases and insect plant pests. It was adopted by African Heads of States in 1967 and came into force in 1974. The Heads of African States and government of the OAU (now AU) committed to: (a) Prevent the introduction of diseases, insect pests and other enemies of plants into any part of Africa; (b) Eradicate or control them in so far as they are present in the area; (c) Prevent their spread to other territories within the area The Small Industry Development Act of 1981 The Ministry of Commerce, Trade and Industry (MCTI), was charged with the responsibility for coordinating and developing policy for the small scale enterprise (SSE) sector. Through its small unit, MCTI controlled Small Industry Development Organisation (SIDO) which was created through the Small Industry Development Act of 1981. Institutional and Regulatory Policy Framework for Information and Communication The National Information and Communication Technology Policy launched on 28th March 2007 (National Information and Communication Technology Policy, 2007) highlight the issues surrounding institutional and regulatory policy framework for information and communication. It states that the social and economic challenges facing Zambia and the opportunities that ICTs offer pose complexity policy choices for the nation. Zambia has to address the implementation of the policy and mainstreaming of ICTs amid strong competition for limited financial resources from other sectors. The successful achievement of the ICT for development (ICT4D) policy goals and objectives depend on an integrated and wholesome approach during implementation underpinned by developing strategic synergies and partnerships between the public and private sector as well as civil society. One of the strategies on agriculture is to create an integrated agricultural information system on agro-technologies and techniques, pricing and market information for all agro products in order to provide strategic information for farmers, government authorities, and other stakeholders at national, provincial and district levels. e-Brain Forum of Zambia is a national multi-stakeholder organisation whose overriding objective is to develop a common knowledge-sharing community on the use of ICTs to foster social and economic development. The forum was established in June 2001 and officially registered as a development oriented, not for profit organisation in April 2002. One of the activities of e-Brain is to engage government in policy dialogue in national 2.1.9
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ICT and sector formulation involving its membership, participation in the development of ICT in education and agriculture policy and engagement in the national ICT policy formulation and implementation process. 2.2. Social Economic profile (from available documentation) Table 25. Economic Indicators
GDP Gross Domestic Product: At Current Prices (K Billion) At Constant (1994) Prices K Billion) Per Capita GDP: At Current Prices (K) At Constant (1994) Prices (K) Real GDP Growth Rate (%) Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing K Billion Percentage Exchange Rate (Average)/US$ 2001 13,132.7 2,621.3 1,301,621 259,806 4.9 418.9 16.0 3,610.00 2002 16,260.4 2,707.9 1,562,085 260,138 3.3 411.7 15.2 4,306.91 2003 20,479.2 2,846.5 1,906,038 264,930 5.1 432.5 15.2 4,733.47 2004 25,997.4 2,999.2 2,344,290 270,450 5.4 450.8 15.0 4,774.90 2005 32,456.3 3,155.9 2,836,723 275,830 5.2 448.3 14.2 4,577.64
Source: CSO, Zambia in Figures 2004/2005 2.2.1 Demographics Copperbelt, Eastern and Lusaka provinces recorded the highest proportion of population of 15 percent, 14 and 14 percent, respectively. However, looking at the population distribution by 5-year age groups by sex shows that the population was concentrated among the younger age groups ranging from 0-24 years. Table 26. Population Distribution by Province, Rural and Urban Areas, Zambia, 2004 Total Province Number of Percentage Population Distribution Persons Share Rural Urban Central 1,139,683 10 72 28 100 Copperbelt 1,662,757 15 21 79 100 Eastern 1,516,554 14 76 24 100 Luapula 867,491 8 83 17 100 Lusaka 1,533,789 14 18 82 100 Northern 1,411,324 13 79 21 100 North-western 660,274 6 74 26 100 Southern 1,362,228 12 77 23 100 Western 838,438 8 85 15 100 All Zambia 10,992,538 100 61 39 100 Source: CSO, Living Conditions Monitoring Survey, Zambia, 2004 Table 27. Percentage Distribution of Population by 5 Age Group and Sex, Zambia, 2004 Age-group Male Female Both Number of Persons 0-4 15 14 14 1,589,666 5-9 16 15 15 1,705,566 10-14 15 15 15 1,602,030 15-19 12 12 12 1,286,605 20-24 10 11 11 1,125,040
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Age-group 25-29 30-34 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65+ Total
Male
Female
Both
8 8 8 7 6 6 5 5 5 4 4 4 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 3 2 2 100 100 100 Source: CSO, Living Conditions Monitoring Survey, Zambia, 2004 2.2.2 Literacy level and languages
Number of Persons 877,006 716,690 518,312 419,329 317,524 228,657 183,888 127,767 275,101 10,992,538
According to the Human Development Report, 2006, education is measured by the adult illiteracy rate, and a decent standard of living is measured by the un-weighted average of people without access to an improved water source and the proportion of children under age 5. Table 28 below shows Zambias Literacy rates. The percent female of adult illiterate population is 63.4. Table 28. Zambia Literacy Rates
Total Adult Literacy Rate (%) 68 Adult Male Literacy Rate (%) 76.3 Adult Female Literacy Rate (%) 59.8 Total Youth Literacy Rate (%) 69.5 Youth Male Literacy Rate (%) 72.6 Youth Female Literacy Rate (%) 66.2
Adult GPI 0.78
Youth GPI 0.91
Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics, 2007 English is the official language of Zambia. Major vernaculars include Bemba, Kaonde, Lozi, Lunda, Luvale, Nyanja, Tonga and about 70 other indigenous languages. 2.2.3 Access to facilities The households access to various amenities including sources of water supply, lighting and cooking energy, education and health in Zambia is outlined in the Living Conditions Monitoring Survey Report, 2004. There are many sources of drinking water both for the dry and wet season. Among these water sources, protected wells, boreholes, pumped water and taps are regarded as safe sources of water supply; whereas unprotected wells, rivers and lakes/streams are considered unsafe sources of water supply. At national level about 57percent of households have access to safe water supply. The remaining 43 percent of households access water from unsafe sources. Further, about 85 percent of urban households have access to safe water sources while about 39 percent of households in rural areas access safe water sources in both the wet and dry seasons. The main types of energy used for lighting by households are kerosene/paraffin, electricity, candle, diesel and open fire. However, in rural areas, kerosene/paraffin is the
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most commonly used source o lighting with 62 percent of households using it. In urban areas electricity is the most commonly used source of lighting energy (48 percent) while kerosene/paraffin is used by 20 percent of the households. As for cooking energy, at national level, the majority of households, 56 percent used firewood as the main source followed by Purchased Charcoal with 27 percent and electricity, 16 percent. Access to social and economic facilities such as food market, health facilities, middle or upper basic schools, hammer mill or public transport shows that more than 70 percent of households were within a 5 km radius. In terms of rural and urban areas this accounts for 45.6 and 97.2 percent respectively. In Zambia the most common method of used for disposing garbage is pitting. About one in two households used a dug pit to dispose off garbage. Dumping is the next common method of garbage disposal used by 43 percent of the households. Table 29. Percentage Distribution of Households by Use of Various Facilities by Rural/Urban, Zambia, 2004 Residence Facility All Zambia Rural Urban Food Market 82.1 70 96.2 Post Office 42.1 28.3 58.2 Community School 9.6 9.9 9.7 Low Basic School (1-4) 10.2 9.5 10.9 Middle Basic School (1-7) 30.8 35.8 25.1 Upper Basic School (1-9) 42.3 37.3 48.1 High School 11.9 7.1 17.5 Secondary School 16 10.6 22.3 Health Facility 90.2 89.7 90.8 Hammer Mill 72.1 84.8 57.3 Input Market 26.6 28.3 24.7 Police Station/Post 55 37.9 75.1 Bank 22,.2 10.3 36.1 Public Transport 77.6 67.1 89.9 Public Phone 22.4 8.1 39.2 Internet Cafe 3.3 0.7 6.4 Source: CSO, Living Conditions Monitoring Survey, Zambia, 2004 2.2.4 Rural-urban drift Migration is defined as a form of geographic or spatial movement involving a change of residence between clearly defined geographic units. Table 30. Rural Urban Migration of Persons who moved from a different Locality, different District or different Province in Zambia, 2004
Direction of Migration Moved from) Rural to Rural Rural to Urban Urban to Rural Urban to Urban Central 41 15 19 26 C/belt 12 12 11 65 Eastern 29 21 14 37 Luapula 51 20 10 19 Province Lusaka Northern 13 6 15 66 41 21 12 26 N/Western 37 10 29 24 Southern 49 13 14 24 Western 53 19 14 14 Total Migration Total Number 32 15 14 38 123,338 58,186 54,561 147,036
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Direction of Migration Moved from) All
Central 100
C/belt 100
Eastern 100
Luapula 100
Province Lusaka Northern 100 100
N/Western 100
Southern 100
Western 100
Total Migration Total Number 100 383,121
Source: CSO, Living Conditions Monitoring Survey, Zambia, 2004 2.3. Media and telecommunications The development of a sophisticated and internationally competitive Mining Industry in Zambia served to also introduce Information and Communication Technologies at a relatively early stage. The Telecommunications Act was promulgated in May 1994 and immediately positioned Zambia to be come a leading African country in the use of ICT. However, the lack of power supply in rural areas is a concern for ICT use in schools and remote villages and towns. Solar power units are viable alternatives for uses with low power consumption. The Mobile Communications are responsible for a significant part of the growth in teledensity in Zambia. The government has not privatised the incumbent telecommunications operator, ZAMTEL, but has introduced competition through licensing of private mobile operators. The ICT National Policy launched in March 2007 builds a comprehensive framework of ICT related initiatives needed to guarantee equal access to information services. However, the implementation process for the National ICT Policy remains a very big challenge to both government and other stakeholders. Media and telecommunications include news, newspapers, journals, news services, press abstracts, publishing and bookseller associations. Table 31. Basic Data for Zambia. Number of Television Stations: 9 Number of Television Sets: 277,000 Television Sets per 1,000: 28.4 Number of Satellite Subscribers: 11,000 Satellite Subscribers per 1,000> 1.1 Number of Radio Stations: 28 Number of Radio Receivers: 1,300,000 Radio Receivers per 1,000: 133.1 Number of Individuals with Computers: 70,000 Computers per 1,000: 7.2 Number of Individuals with Internet Access: 20,000 Internet Access per 1,000: 2.0 Source: URL-http://www.pressreference.com/Uz-Z/Zambia.html Accessed 8/3/2007
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2.3.1
Newspapers, periodicals and broadcast media
Newspapers and Periodicals Name Ownership Circulation Agriculture & Rural Issues website Delivery Outlets Lusaka Lowdown Private Monthly Regular http://www.lowdown.co.zm/2003/200312/signingawaycorruption.htm Online, streets, major retailers
Name Ownership Circulation Agriculture & Rural Issues website Delivery Outlets Name Ownership Circulation Agriculture & Rural Issues website Delivery Outlets Name Ownership Circulation Agriculture & Rural Issues website Delivery Outlets Name Ownership Circulation Agriculture & Rural Issues website Delivery Outlets Name Ownership Circulation Agriculture & Rural Issues website Delivery Outlets Name Ownership
The Post Private Daily Regular http://www.postzambia.com/ Streets, online Sunday Mail Government weekly http://www.dailymail.co.zm/sunday/today/front.htm streets, major retailers Sunday Times of Zambia Government Daily http://www.times.co.zm streets, major retailers Times of Zambia Government Daily http://www.times.co.zm/ streets, major retailers Zambia Daily Mail Government Daily http://www.daily-mail.co.zm streets, major retailers The Monitor Private
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Circulation Agriculture & Rural Issues website Delivery Outlets Name Ownership Circulation Agriculture & Rural Issues website Delivery Outlets Name Ownership Circulation Agriculture & Rural Issues website Delivery Outlets Name Ownership Circulation Agriculture & Rural Issues website Delivery Outlets Name Ownership Circulation Agriculture & Rural Issues website Delivery Outlets Name Ownership Circulation Agriculture & Rural Issues website Delivery Outlets Name Ownership Circulation Agriculture & Rural Issues website Delivery Outlets Name Ownership
http://www.monitor.co.zm/ National Mirror Joint Venture 12000 weekly http://www.onlinenewspapers.com Retail shops, Southscan Net Private http://southscan.gn.apc.org/ United States Mission to Zambia US government online http://www.usemb.org.zm Washingtonpost.com: World -http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/world/ Afrika.no: the Index on Africa (The Norwegian Council for Africa) http://afrika.no/ World News Network WN.com Private http://www.wn.com Online Zambia Online, the National Homepage of Zambia Government
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Circulation Agriculture & Rural Issues website Delivery Outlets Name Ownership Circulation Agriculture & Rural Issues website Delivery Outlets Name Ownership Circulation Agriculture & Rural Issues website Delivery Outlets Name Ownership Circulation Agriculture & Rural Issues website Delivery Outlets Name Ownership Circulation Agriculture & Rural Issues website Delivery Outlets Name Ownership Circulation Agriculture & Rural Issues website Delivery Outlets Name Ownership Circulation Agriculture & Rural Issues website Delivery Outlets Name Ownership Circulation Agriculture & Rural Issues
http://www.zambia.co.zm Online Afrol News Private http://www.afrol.com BBC World Service.com Private http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice Brokenhill Private http://www.brokenhill.co.zm/23/index.shtml Online Chrysalis Magazine Index http://www.chrysalis.co.zm Committee to Protect Journalists http://www.cpj.org CountryWatch http://www.countrywatch.com Integrated Regional Information Network (IRIN) -
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website Delivery Outlets Name Ownership Circulation Agriculture & Rural Issues website Delivery Outlets Technical Journals & Bulletins Name Ownership Circulation Agriculture & Rural Issues website Delivery Outlets Name Ownership Circulation Agriculture & Rural Issues website Delivery Outlets Name Ownership Circulation Agriculture & Rural Issues website Delivery Outlets Radio
http://www.irinnews.org The Internet Public Library http://www.ipl.org -
Journal of Science and Technology Joint Venture Bi-annual Regular http://www.ajol.info/policies.php?jid=92#freq Journal of Agricultural Science Joint Venture Regular Journal of Veterinary Medicine Joint Venture Regular -
Name Ownership Broadcast Hours Agriculture & Rural Issues website Reach of Broadcast Name Ownership Broadcast Hours Agriculture & Rural Issues website
Radio Phoenix Private 24 hrs http://www.radiophoenix.co.zm/ Lusaka Radio Maria Private 24 hours http://www.radiomaria.org/
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Reach of Broadcast Name Ownership Broadcast Hours Agriculture & Rural Issues website Reach of Broadcast Name Ownership Broadcast Hours Agriculture & Rural Issues website Reach of Broadcast Name Ownership Broadcast Hours Agriculture & Rural Issues website Reach of Broadcast Name Ownership Broadcast Hours Agriculture & Rural Issues website Reach of Broadcast Name Ownership Broadcast Hours Agriculture & Rural Issues website Reach of Broadcast Name Ownership Broadcast Hours Agriculture & Rural Issues website Reach of Broadcast Name Ownership Broadcast Hours Agriculture & Rural Issues website Reach of Broadcast
Breeze FM Radio Private 24 hours Regular http://www.breezefm.makeni.net/feature3.ht m Chipata Sky FM Radio Private 18 hours/day https://www.sky.fm/ Lusaka & Monze Parliament Radio Government During parliament debates Zambia National Broadcasting Services Goverment 18 hours Regular http://www.znbc.co.zm/ Zambia QFM Radio Private 18 hours/day http://qfmradio.com/
Maranatha Radio Joint Venture Radio Mano Private 24 hours Kasama
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Name Ownership Broadcast Hours Agriculture & Rural Issues website Reach of Broadcast Name Ownership Broadcast Hours Agriculture & Rural Issues website Reach of Broadcast Name Ownership Broadcast Hours Agriculture & Rural Issues website Reach of Broadcast Name Ownership Broadcast Hours Agriculture & Rural Issues website Reach of Broadcast Name Ownership Broadcast Hours Agriculture & Rural Issues website Reach of Broadcast Name Ownership Broadcast Hours Agriculture & Rural Issues website Reach of Broadcast Name Ownership Broadcast Hours Agriculture & Rural Issues website Reach of Broadcast
Radio Christian Voice Private 18 hours/day http://www.voiceafrica.net/newgraphicsite/ind exframeset.htm BBC Joint Venture 24 hous http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio/d/ Throughout the country Radio Yatsani Private 18 hours/day Choice FM Radio Private http://www.choice-fm.co.uk/Default.asp Diocese of Mansa Private Mazabuka Radio Radio Mkushi -
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Name Ownership Broadcast Hours Agriculture & Rural Issues website Reach of Broadcast Television Name Ownership Broadcast Hours Agriculture & Rural Issues website Reach of Broadcast Name Ownership Broadcast Hours Agriculture & Rural Issues website Reach of Broadcast Name Ownership Broadcast Hours Agriculture & Rural Issues website Reach of Broadcast Name Ownership Broadcast Hours Agriculture & Rural Issues website Reach of Broadcast Name Ownership Broadcast Hours Agriculture & Rural Issues website Reach of Broadcast Name Ownership Broadcast Hours Agriculture & Rural Issues website Reach of Broadcast
Radio Lyambai Private 18 hours/day Mongu
TBN Private 24 hous http://www.tbn.org/index.php/2/18/region/Afri ca.html CASAT Private 24 hours All provinces of Zambia MUVI TV Private 24 hours http://www.muvitv.com/ Lusaka Zambia National Broadcasting Services Government 18 hours Regular http://www.znbc.co.zm/ Throughout the country MOBI Private 18 hours http://www.mobitv.com/ Lusaka MultiChoice Joint Venture 24 hours Urban areas
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2.3.2
Telecommunication Services
The major telecommunications operator in Zambia is the Zambia Telecommunications Limited (ZAMTEL) owned by the government. Mobile Companies Three main mobile cellular companies in Zambia are Celtel, Telecel (now called MTN) and Zamtel (Cell Z) a Zambia Telecommunications Company Limited (ZAMTEL). In terms of Geographical coverage all the three companies are still expanding though Celtel is ahead. Celtel and MTN are private while Zamtel is government owned controls all fixed landlines in the country. Celtel, the market leader, has established networks in all the nine provinces and covers almost all the 72 districts of Zambia. Figure 3: Mobile Network Subscribers
Source: A Country ICT Survey for Zambia Report Celtel Pre-paid Plan Type of Call Celtel to Celtel 1st 3rd minute 4th minute onwards Celtel to other networks in Zambia 1st minute 2nd minute 3rd minute onwards Voicemail Price per minute (in units) Off-peak Peak 0.17 0.13 0.28 0.26
0.33 0.28 0.28 0.17
0.50 0.44 0.33 0.17
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Type of Call Balance inquiry WAP
Price per minute (in units) Off-peak Peak 0.06 0.06 0.17 0.17
Cost of three minute local call (in ZMK) Name Subscribers Celtel 14,300,000 MTN 450,000 CellZ 60,000 2.3.3 Computers and the Internet There is very little usage of computers in schools in Zambia. This is true with tertiary education as well. Computers are used at university. All hardware is imported in Zambia and this makes it very expensive for most people to afford to buy items like computers. According to licenses issued by the Communications Authority there are fourteen Internet Service Providers (ISPs) in Zambia (Table 32). Table 32. Internet Service Poviders in Zambia
Contact information Lusaka, Telephne +260-1-1232005, email zm@africonnect.com Plot No. 3797, Zambia Road, Heavy Industrial Area, P.O. Box 73262, Ndola. Zambia; Tel - +260-2-650632; email-info@bringcom.zm Celtel Zambia Head Office, P.O. Box 320001, Nyerere Road, Woodlands, Lusaka. Phone: +260-1-250707; email-celtelcd@coppernet.zm Coppernet Solutions Limited Ground Floor, Mukuba Pensions House, Dedan Kimathi Road, P.O. Box 38671, Lusaka. Tel - +260-1-224444/ +260-1-223333 Epochal Digital Technologies Not available Microlink Technologies P.O. Box 35681, Building II, Central Park, Cairo Road, Lusaka. Tel: +260-1-222764; email: MTN Zambia MTN Zambia Limited, 5033 Longolongo Road, P.O. Box 35464, Lusaka. Tel: +26 (096) 750750, email: mtn@mtnzambia.co.zm Post Link Limited Not available Quick Edge Plot 1502, House No. 23, P.O. Box 30248, Mwalule Road, Northmead, Lusaka. Tel: +26097770572; email: marten@quickedge.com Realtime Zambia Not available UUNet Zambia UUNet Zambia Limited, 3rd Floor, National Savings and Credit Bank Building, Cairo Road, North End, Lusaka. Tel: +260-1223715/223716; email: info@uunet.co.zm ZAMNET Communications P.O. Box 38299, COMESA Centre, Lusaka. Tel: +260-1Systems Limited 224159/227430 ZAMTEL The Manager, Zamtel Online, email: manager@zamtel.zm, Tel: +2601-254242 Pronet Zambia Limited P.O. Box 30639, Lusaka. Tel: +260-1-228969. Source: (http://www.caz.zm/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=58&Itemid=72). Accessed 30th September 2007. ISP Africonnect BringCom Zambia Limited
Notable among these are Zamnet, the pioneer in this business, UUNET, Coppernet, Microlink Technologies and Zamtel. Private data networks also do exist especially in the banking sector. There were only 231,000 Internet users in Zambia by 2005 according to
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the World Internet Usage and Population Statistics, an indication of a meagre 2% of the population. Table 33. Licenses issued in various categories Service Category No. of Licenses 31/03/04 National Long Distance 1 Basic Services (Local) 2 Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 6 Private Networks 16 Carriers of Carriers 2 National Mobile 3 Public Call Offices (PCO) 1 Telecentres 459 Source: The Communications Authority, 2005 Table 34. World Internet Usage and Population Statistics
World Regions Population ( 2007 Est.) Population % of World Internet Usage, Latest Data % Population ( Penetration ) Usage % of World 3.0 % 35.8 % 28.3% 1.7 % 20.9% 8.7 % 1.7 % 100.0 %
th
No. of Licenses 31/03/05 1 2 9 16 4 3 3 500
Usage Growth 20002007 638.4% 248.8% 199.5 % 491.4 % 115.7 % 433.4 % 142.0 % 208.7 %
Africa Asia Europe Middle East North America Latin America/Caribbean Oceania / Australia WORLD TOTAL
933,448,292 3,712,527,624 809,624,686 193,452,727 334,538,018 556,606,627 34,468,443 6,574,666,417
14.2 % 56.5 % 12.3 % 2.9 % 5.1 % 8.5 % 0.5 % 100.0 %
33,334,800 398,709,065 314,792,225 19,424,700 233,188,086 96,386,009 18,439,541 1,114,274,426
3.6 % 10.7 % 38.9 % 10.0 % 69.7 % 17.3 % 53.5 % 16.9 %
Source:
URL - http://www.Internetworldstats.com/africa.htm#zm Accessed 26 September 2007
ICT Policy The Telecommunications Act: Chapter 469 of the Laws of Zambia was promulgated in May 1994. This led to the establishment of the Communications Authority of Zambia (CAZ). The draft ICT Policy has been formulated and subjected to a stakeholder analysis. The ICT Policy was launched on 28th March 2007.
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Annex 3.
3.1
Profile of institutions
List of all institutions
Name and Contacts Type Role Org: Zambia National Farmers Union (ZNFU) AS-F EX Name: Coillard Hamusimbi Liason Officer TM Postal Address: P.O. Box 30395, Lusaka. Tel: +260-1-222797 Website: http://www.znfu.org.zm Name and Contacts Type Role Org: Coffee Growers Association of Zambia (CGAZ) AS-F EX Name: Mr. J. Taguma General Manager TM Postal Address: P.O. Box 35388, Lusaka. Tel: +260-1-213889/213890 Website: http://www.zcga.co.zm Name and Contacts Type Role Org: Tobacco Association of Zambia (TAZ) AS-F EX Name: PS-M Postal Address: P.O. Box 32617, Plot 5055, Mungwi Road, Lusaka. Tel: +260-1-288855 Website: http://goliath.ecnext.com/com2/product-compint-000518271-page.html Name and Contacts Type Role Org: Cotton Growers Association of Zambia (CGAZ) AS-F EX Name: PS-M Postal Address: P.O. Box 32442, Lusaka. Tel: +260-1-226684 Website: Name and Contacts Type Role Org: Women in Agriculture (WIA) AS-W IN Name: Cecilia Makota - Initiator Postal Address: 2nd Floor, FINTEX House, Lusaka. Tel: +260-1-258336 Website: Name and Contacts Type Role Org: Zambia Agricultural Research and Development (ZARD) NGO IN Name: Mrs. Pezo Mateo Phiri A/Executive Director RD Postal Address: Plot 1517, Manchinchi Road, Northmead. P.O. Box 37386, Lusaka. Tel: +260-1-224536 Website: http://www.widnet.org.zm Name and Contacts Type Role Org: Young Mens Christian Fellowship Association (YMCA) AS-Y IN Name: Postal Address: P.O. Box 81371, Kabwe Tel: +260-5-221644 Website: Name and Contacts Type Role
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Org: Young Womens Christian Fellowship Association AS-Y IN (YWCA) Name: Mubiana Kakenewa Program Manager Postal Address: P.O. Box 910245, NAPSA Building. Mongu Tel: +260-7-221573 Website: Name and Contacts Type Role Org: Christian Enterprise Trust of Zambia (CETZ) CHU IN Name: FS Postal Address: P.O. Box 21712, Kitwe, Zambia Tel: +260-2-230581 Website: Name and Contacts Type Role Org: Zambia National Commercial Bank (ZNCB) BNK FS Name: Postal Address: Head Office Tel: +260-1-220826 Website: http://zanaco.co.zm/ Name and Contacts Type Role Org: Zambia Confederation of Industries and Chamber of STA TM Commerce (ZACCI) Postal Address: Showgrounds, Great East Road, Lusaka. Zambia Tel: +260-1255046 Website: http://zambiz.zm/assoc/zaaci.htm Name and Contacts Type Role Org: Journal for Christian Theology Research (JCTR) CHU IN Name: Postal Address: P.O. Box 37774, Luwisah House, Lusaka. Zambia Tel: +260-1-290410 Website: http://www.jctr.org.zm/ Name and Contacts Type Role Org: Churches Health Association of Zambia (CHAZ) CHU IN Name: RD Postal Address: Ben Bella Road, Plot 9306, P.O. Box 24511 Lusaka, Zambia Tel: +2601-229204 Website: http://www.chaz.org.zm/ Name and Contacts Type Role Org: Lutheran World Federation Zambia (LWF) CHU EX Name: Mr Duane Poppe Programs Officer NGO RU Postal Address: P.O. Box 310005, Chelston, Lusaka Tel: +260-1-285173 Website: http://www.lutheranworld.org/what_We_Do/DWS/Country_Programs/DWSZambia.html Name and Contacts Type Role
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Org: World Vision International Zambia (WVIZ) CHU RD Name: Dr. Charles Owubah National Director NGO RU Postal Address: P.O. Box 31083, Lusaka, Zambia Tel: +260-1-221950 Website: http://www.wvi.org/wvi/country_profile/zambia.htm Name and Contacts Type Role Org: Copperbelt University Libray (CBULIB) EDU TR Name: Gertrude Chelemu Assistant Librarian Postal Address: P.O. Box 29612, Jambo Drive. Kitwe. Tel: +260-2-225155 Website: http://www.cbu.edu/ Name and Contacts Type Role Org: Natural Resources Development College (NRDC) EDU TR Name: Postal Address: P.O. Box CH 310099, Lusaka. Zambia Tel: +260-1-283698 Website: Name and Contacts Type Role Org: Programme for Luapula Agricultural and Rural GOV RU Development (PLARD) Name: Mr. Mpiya - Coordinator Postal Address: P.O. Box 710405, Mansa, Zambia Tel: +260-2-821106 Website: http://www.scanagri.dk/www/underside.asp?id=24&artid=154&version=2 Name and Contacts Type Role Org: Zambia College of Agriculture (ZCA) Monze EDU TR Name: Mr. C. Tonga Principal RU Postal Address: P.O. Box 660053, Monze. Tel: +260-032-50544 Website: Name and Contacts Type Role Org: Women Finance Cooperative Zambia Limited AS-F FS Name: BNK IN Postal Address: P.O. Box 50839. Lusaka. Zambia RU Tel: +260-1-221628 Website: Name and Contacts Type Role Org: Zambia College of Agriculture (ZCA) Mpika EDU TR Name: The Principal RU Postal Address: P.O. Box 450143. Mpika. Zambia Tel: +260-04-370764 Website: Name and Contacts Type Role Org: Palabana Dairy College (PDC) EDU TR Name: The Principal RU Postal Address: P.O. Box 50199. Lusaka Tel: Website: Name and Contacts Type Role
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Org: In-Service Training Trust (ISTT) EDU Name: Mr. Mungule D. Chikoye - Executive Director STA Postal Address: P.O. Box 30201, NRDC Campus, Off Great East Road, Chelstone, Lusaka. Tel: +260-1-283694/283695 Website: http://www.istt.ac.zm Name and Contacts Type Org: Zambia Agriculture Research Institute (ZARI) GOV Name: Dr. Watson Mwale Director Postal Address: Mount Makulu Research Station, P/B 7, Chilanga. Zambia Tel: +260-1-278130 Website: Name and Contacts Type Org: Department of Fisheries (DOF) GOV Name: Mr. Maguswi Director Postal Address: P.O. Box 350100, Chilanga. Lusaka Tel: +260-1-278418/ Website: Name and Contacts Type Org: Department of Veterinary and Livestock Development GOV Name: Dr. P. Sinyangwe Director Postal Address: P.O. Box 50197, Mulungushi House. Lusaka Tel: +260-1- 278212 Website: Name and Contacts Type Org: National Artificial Insemination Centre (NAIC) GOV Name: Postal Address: P.O. Box 670050. Mazabuka. Zambia Tel: +260-32-30075/30193/30482 Website: Name and Contacts Type Org: National Agricultural Information Services (NAIS) GOV Name: Mr. Mukelebai Director Postal Address: P.O. Box 50698. Mulungushi House. Lusaka Tel: +260-1-250010 Website: Name and Contacts Type Org: Department of Agriculture (Extension) GOV Name: Mr. L. Kaluba Principal Agricultural Officer Postal Address: P.O. Box 50197, Mulungushi House. Lusaka Tel: +260-1-250018 Website:
EX IN RD TR RU Role EX RD RU PP
Role EX IN RD RG RU PP Role EX IN PP RG RD Role EX IN RU
Role IN EX
Role EX IN PP RU TR
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Name and Contacts Type Org: Programme Against Malnutrition (PAM) NGO Name: Postal Address: P.O. Box Tel: +260-1-235941/235942 Website: Name and Contacts Type Org: Agricultural Marketing Information Centre (AMIC) GOV Name: James Mwandwe Principal Agricultural Economist Postal Address: P.O. Box 50599. Lusaka Tel: +260-1-250508 Website: Name and Contacts Type Org: Department of Forestry, Ministry of Tourism, EX Environment and Natural Resources Name: Mrs. Anna C. Masinja - Director Postal Address: P.O. Box 50042, Second Floor, Kwacha House Annex, Cairo, Northend. Lusaka. Tel: Website: http://www.test.co.zm/menr/index.php Name and Contacts Type Org: Zambia Wildlife Authority (ZAWA) STA Name: Mr. Vincent Nyirenda Head of Information Services Postal Address: Private Bag 1, Kafue Road, Chilanga Tel: +260-1-278524 Website: http://www.zawa.org.zm Name and Contacts Type Org: National Institute for Scientific and Industrial GOV Research (NISIR) Name: Mr. Benard Chisenga Principal Scientific Officer Information Services Postal Address: P.O. Box 310158. Airport Road. Lusaka Tel: +260-1-281082 Website: http://www.nisir.org.zm Name and Contacts Type Org: Agriculture Support Program (ASP) NGO Name: Mr. Francis Silwizya Field Business Coordinator Postal Address: P.O. Box 410802. Kasama Tel: +260-04-222755 Website: Name and Contacts Type Org: Production, Financing and Technology (PROFIT-USAID) NGO Name: Mainecy Hampeyo Regional Manager Postal Address: P.O. Box 910067, C/o Ministry of Agriculture & Cooperatives, Mongu Tel: +260-o97-241121 Website: http://www.usaid.gov/zm/economy/eg.htm
Role EX RU
Role EX IN PP RU Role GOV
Role IN RD RU OT Role IN RD
Role EX IN RU
Role EX RU TR TM
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Name and Contacts Type Org: CARE Zambia NGO Name: Postal Address: Plot No. 10799/10800, Dedan Kimathi Road, Kamwala. P.O. box 36238. Lusaka Tel: +260-1-221687/221701/221822 Website: http://www.carezambia.org/ Name and Contacts Type Org: Cooperative League of the United States of America AS-F (CLUSA) BNK Name: Postal Address: 19 A Nsumbu Road. Lusaka Tel: Website: Name and Contacts Type Org: Golden Valley Agricultural Research Trust (GART) OT Name: Dr. Stephen Muliokela Director Postal Address: P.O. Box RW 50834, Lusaka. Tel: +260-1-213739/213780 Website: http://www.aenf.wau.nl/gart/ Name and Contacts Type Org: Cotton Development Trust (CDT) OT Name: Mr. West Chitah - Director Postal Address: P.O. Box 670057. Mazabuka Tel: +260-032-30683 Website:
Role IN RU
Role EX IN
Role EX IN RD RU Role EX IN RD RU
Name and Contacts Type Role Org: Livestock Development Trust (LDT) OT PS-P Name: Dr. Mwilola Imakando - Director RD Postal Address: Private Bag 173, N0. 7 Addis Ababa Road. TR Rhodespark. Lusaka Tel: +260-1-251772 Website: http://www.ldt.co.zm/ Name and Contacts Type Role Org: Southern African Plant Genetic Resources Centre REG IN (SADC Genebank) RD Name: Mr. Barnabas Kapange Senior Program Manager Postal Address: Private Bag CH6, ZA -15302. Lusaka Tel: +260-099365122 Website: Name and Contacts Type Role Org: United States Agency for International Development REG IN (USAID) FS Name: Postal Address: P.O. Box 32481. 351 Independence Avenue, Lusaka Tel: +260-1-254303 Website: http://www.usaid.gov/locations/sub-saharan_africa/countries/zambia/
81
Name and Contacts Org: Department for International Development (DFID) Name: British High Commission Postal Address: P.O. Box 50050, 15101, Ridgeway, Lusaka Tel: +260-1-251164 Website: http://www.dfid.gov.uk/countries/africa/zambia.asp Name and Contacts Org: Environmental Council of Zambia (ECZ) Name: Director Postal Address: P.O. Box 35131, Corner Suez & Church Roads, Plot No. 6975. Ridgeway. Lusaka Tel: +260-1-254130 Website: http://www.necz.org.zm/contacts.html Name and Contacts Org: Communication Authority of Zambia (CAZ) Name: Ngambo Nankonde Public Relation Manager Postal Address: Tel: +260-1-241236 Website: http://www.caz.zm/ Name and Contacts Org: Ministry of Transport and Communication (MTC) Name: Postal Address: P.O. Box 50065, Failey Road. Lusaka Tel: +260-1-251444 Website: http://www.communication.gov.zm/ Name and Contacts Org: Zambia Revenue Authority (ZRA) Name: Postal Address: P.O. Box Tel: 260-1-226227 Website: http://www.zra.org.zm/ Name and Contacts Org: Zambia Export Growers Association (ZEGA) Name: Postal Address: P.O. Box 310245, Lusaka. 10101 Tel: +260-1-271166 Website: http://www.zambiaexportgrowers.com/ Name and Contacts Org: Zambia National Broadcasting Cooperation (ZNBC) Name: Postal Address: Mass Media Complex, Alick Nkhata Road, P.O. Box 50015. Lusaka Tel: +260-1-251983 Website: http://www.znbc.co.zm/
Type REG
Role IN FS
Type STA
Role IN PP RG
Type STA
Role IN
Type GOV
Role IN PP
Type STA
Role PP
Type AS-F
Role EX PS-E
Type GOV
Role IN
82
Name and Contacts Type Org: Media Institute of Southern Africa (MISA Zambia) REG Name: Postal Address: P.O. Box 32295, Plot 3814, Martin Mwamba Road, Olympia Park. Lusaka Tel: +260-1-292096 Website: http://www.misazambia.org.zm/ Name and Contacts Type Org: Radio Mano PRV Name: David Chanda - Director Postal Address: P.O. Box 410577, Kasama Tel: +260-4-230038 Website: Name and Contacts Type Org: Radio Phoenix PRV Name: Postal Address: Private Bag E702, 12 th Floor, ZIMCO House, Cairo Road. Lusaka Tel: +260-1-224210/2242211 Website: http://www.radiophoenix.co.zm/ Name and Contacts Type Org: Radio Ichengelo PRV Name: Postal Address: Tel: Website: Name and Contacts Type Org: Radio Lyambai PRV Name: Liwena Mukena Station Manager Postal Address: P.O. Box 910240, NAPSA Building. Mongu Tel: +260-7-221639 Website: Name and Contacts Type Org: University of Zambia Library GOV Name: Mr. Akakandelwa Akakandelwa A/UNZA Librarian EDU Postal Address: Great East Road, P.O. Box 32379. Lusaka Tel: 260-1-295220/291777 Website: http://www.unza.zm/units/library/
Role IN
Role IN
Role IN
Role IN
Role IN
Role EX IN RD RU
83
Name and Contacts Org: Radio Breeze 99.6 FM Name: Postal Address: P.O. Box 511178, Parirenyatwa Rd. Chipata Tel: +260-6-221175 Website: http://www.breezefm.makeni.net/ Name and Contacts Org: e-Brain Forum of Zambia (e-Brain) Name: Mr. Lee Muzala National Chairperson Postal Address: The e-Brain Secretariat, Lewis Construction Building, Plo 4974 Kabelenga Road, P.O. Box 34162, Lusaka Tel: +260-211-232036 Website: http://www.ebrain.org.zm/ Name and Contacts Org: PLAN International Zambia Name: Mr. Stephen Ngwira Program Coordinator Livelihood Postal Address: P.O. Box 510893, Chipata Tel: +260-6-221287 Website: http://www.planinternational.org/
Type
Role
PRV
IN
Type NGO
Role IN
Type AS-F AS-W AS-Y
Role EX IN PP RD RU TR TM
The following abbreviations are used: Type AS-F AS-W AS-Y BNK CCI CHU EDU GOV NGO PRV REG STA TE OT Farmers association (includes co-ops) Womens association Youth association Bank or credit institution Chamber of commerce and industry Church-based group Educational institution Government department / ministry Non-government organisation Private enterprise, company Regional organisation or network Statutory body State enterprise Other (define))
Role EX IN FS PP PS-E PS-M PS-P PS-S Extension and outreach Information services Financial services Policy and planning Exporter (fresh, frozen and dried produce) Manufacturer (e.g. tannery, bottler, refiner, roaster) Producer (e.g. commercial farm, fishing company) Supplier (e.g. chemicals, seeds)
84
RD RG RU TR TM OT
Research and development Regulation (compliance, standards) Rural Development Training (tertiary and vocational level) Trade and marketing (include development) Other (define)
85
3.2
Select List of Key Institutions
Name of Institution 1: Zambia National Farmers Union (ZNFU) Objective/mission statement: Objectives of ZNFU: To promote and safeguard the interests of members To support the conduct and the development of the agricultural industry in Zambia To collect and distribute to members and others, information concerning agriculture and the marketing of agricultural produce or otherwise considered to be of interest to members
Field of Specialisation: The ZNFU areas of specialisation is: Lobby and advocacy Information dissemination and extension services Market and trade facilitation Number of staff professional, clerical, technical, etc; permanent/temporary: 27 professional/technical staff 26 support staff
Branches, other sites: ZNFU has the following distinct member service units, namely Liaison Unit headed by the Deputy Executive Director Research and Development (R&D), headed by the Economist Publications and Communication units ZNFU through its Small-Scale Farmers Outreach Programme (SSOP) runs a number of programmes and projects in 49 District Farmers Associations (DFAs) nationwide. Annual Budget (in Local Currency with Euro equivalent): ZMK 9 billion ( 1,645,581) Source of Funding, including main donors/sponsors: 40% Own resources (funding core activities) 60% Donor funding (mostly outreach activities) Programme/Projects undertaken: Zambia National Union (ZNFU) Outreach services
86
Name of Institution 1: Zambia National Farmers Union (ZNFU) ZNFU Local Level Farmers Business Development Project ZNFU Support Programme District Farmers Association and Information Centre Capacity Building Project Target audience (plus number, actual or estimated): Members (small scale farmers, commercial farmers, commodity/specialised association members Government Other stakeholders
Extent of interaction with CTA Spore Magazine, SDI, QAS, DORA, seminars, consultants, publications, training..: Spore Magazine Extent of collaboration/interaction with other institutions (name, nature): Mostly joint projects with national and regional institutions i.e. Zambia Bureau of Standards (ZBS), Agriculture Consultative Forum (ACF), Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives (MACO), Zambia Agriculture Research Institute (ZARI), Golden Valley Agricultural Research Trust (GART), Cotton Development Trust (CDT); Livestock Development Trust (LDT) at local level and International Federation for Agricultural Producers (IFAP), Southern African Confederation of Agricultural Unions (SACAU), Common Market for Southern Africa (COMESA) and the Southern Africa Development Community (SADC). National/sectoral policies impacting ICT use / information and communication within institution: The ICT Policy for Zambia How information needs are currently met, and from where and by whom: All the departments in the Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives provides access to bulletins, brochures, magazines, booklets, and is a source of various kinds of information on agriculture and rural development issues. Trusts are also assisting with the provision of information. Main information needs not satisfied (including types and format of information): Main information needs for programme: Technical backstopping Support in information collection Major unmet challenges: Up to date information in books Technical information on all agricultural techniques Plans for the future: Production of user friendly content
87
Name of Institution 1: Zambia National Farmers Union (ZNFU) Development and use of audio video programmes Resource needs: Computers and network infrastructure Video conferencing facilities Training needs: Training in effective report writing and communication techniques Training in financial resources for communication equipment for districts + staff training
Main problems faced in terms of information and communication management: Lack of an information strategy for information sharing and dissemination Why institution selected as a key: ZNFU has the mandate to support all farmer groups in Zambia for both small-scale or commercial farmers. The presence of ZNFU at national, district and community level makes it ideal to work with all stakeholders. Other observations: None.
88
Name of Institution 2: NRDC/ZEGA Training Trust (NZTT) Objective/mission statement: The objective of ZEGA are to enable Zambians to produce crops for export that are of consistent igh quality by promoting the understanding and application of knowledge improving skills Field of Specialisation: Horticulture training Number of staff professional, clerical, technical, etc; permanent/temporary: Professional 3; Technical 4; Clerical 5; General 63 All permanent staff Branches, other sites:
Annual Budget (in Local Currency with Euro equivalent): ZMK 1,140,000,000 ( 200,000) Source of Funding, including main donors/sponsors: Donor Funding Programme/Projects undertaken: Target audience (plus number, actual or estimated): Horticulture farmers
Extent of interaction with CTA Spore Magazine, SDI, QAS, DORA, seminars, consultants, publications, training.. Spore magazine; aware of CTA activities National/sectoral policies impacting ICT use / information and communication within institution: Cost of computer equipment and internet services too high. How information needs are currently met, and from where and by whom: NZTT has staff with specialised skills in horticulture, agricultural extension and human resource development. The information needs include integrated pest management (IPM) and participative methodologies. These are met through interaction and collaboration with input suppliers, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives, meetings with beneficiaries, newspapers,
89
Name of Institution 2: NRDC/ZEGA Training Trust (NZTT) Internet and Fairs Main information needs not satisfied (including types and format of information): Management of information within the organisation is a major challenge. It is difficult to acquire journal articles and visual or pictorial information Main problems faced in terms of information and communication management: Lack of an organised ICM; The institution does not have an information policy or information strategic plan. The Training Coordinator informally assists to manage information. Why institution selected as a key: The institution is involved in training (tertiary and vocational level) and export of fresh/frozen produce Other observations: None
90
Name of Institution 3: Zambia Agriculture Research and Development (ZARD) Objective/mission statement: To contribute to the development and advancement of the status of women in relation to men, through the production of evidence-based information, alternative approaches to development, capacity building of communities and coalition with like-minded organisations locally and internationally. Field of Specialisation: 1. Governance and institutional development GID Membership administration and deve;opment Systems and policy review Resource mobilisation 2. Action Research and Advocacy - ARA Gender and ICTs Research Methodologies for gender and development Policy advocacy 3. Information and Coalition Building - ICB Information packaging and exchange GAD Resource Centre Joint activities/coalition building/partnership development Number of staff professional, clerical, technical, etc; permanent/temporary: Volunteers 1 Part-time - 1 Full time 8 Key skills include: research (qualitative and quantitative); information technology/management; financial management Branches, other sites: Monze - Agriculture Annual Budget (in Local Currency with Euro equivalent): Not Known Source of Funding, including main donors/sponsors:
Non-governmental Organisation Coordination Committees (NGOCC) International Institute for Communication and Development (IICD)
91
Name of Institution 3: Zambia Agriculture Research and Development (ZARD) Programme/Projects undertaken: Womens Information for Development Network (WIDNET) Target audience (plus number, actual or estimated): Womens movement in Zambia; Civil Society organisations; individual women and girls Extent of interaction with CTA Spore Magazine, SDI, QAS, DORA, seminars, consultants, publications, training..
Spore Magazine CTA publications
ZARD has participated in the ICT Observatory Extent of collaboration/interaction with other institutions (name, nature):
Women for Change (WfC) Forum for Women Educationalist Zambia Chapter Zambia Alliance for Women Society for Women and AIDS in Zambia Zambia National Womens Lobby Women United Nations Report Network
The type of collaboration with all above-mentioned institutions is information exchange National/sectoral policies impacting ICT use / information and communication within institution: Benefited from government tax reduction on purchase of computers How information needs are currently met, and from where and by whom: ZARDs information needs are: Gender issues Government and international regulations Development and funding programmes Training needs Management of information within the organisation Editing of reports Participative methodologies The above-mentioned information needs are met by various sources including the following: CTA Bulletins and Booklets University of Zambia Research Reports/Papers Southern African Development Community (SADC)
92
Name of Institution 3: Zambia Agriculture Research and Development (ZARD) International Research Institutes o Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United nations (FAO) o International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI) Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives Main information needs not satisfied (including types and format of information):
Electronic journals Abstracts Materials in appropriate languages Visual/pictorial information
Main problems faced in terms of information and communication management: Complete digitisation of the information centre Why institution selected as a key: The institution is advancing the status of women and very strong in the application, training and provision of ICTs to its clientele. Other observations: None.
93
Name of Institution 4: Young Womens Christian Association (YWCA) Objective/mission statement: To see a society where men and women live together in harmony free from gender discrimination Field of Specialisation:
Women human rights programme drop in centre advocacy activities in policy changes that can favour women, children and the youth Economic empowerment programme small loans, agricultural implements Reproductive health programme HIV/AIDS, etc.
Number of staff professional, clerical, technical, etc; permanent/temporary: Volunteers 10 Full time 7 Specialised skills include social work, project management, accounts Branches, other sites: Departments within YWCA: Administration Drop in Centre Resource Centre Economic Empowerment Microcredit Branches are in Lusaka, Mongu, Kitwe Annual Budget (in Local Currency with Euro equivalent): ZMK 171,000,000 ( 30,000 ) Source of Funding, including main donors/sponsors:
Oxfarm PACT Zambia YWCA headquarters
Programme/Projects undertaken: Target audience (plus number, actual or estimated): Women, children and adolescents
94
Name of Institution 4: Young Womens Christian Association (YWCA) Extent of interaction with CTA Spore Magazine, SDI, QAS, DORA, seminars, consultants, publications, training.. Question & Answer Service (Q&A) Extent of collaboration/interaction with other institutions (name, nature): YWCA collaborates with the following institutions: Netherlands Development Organisation (SNV) Oxfarm Pact Zambia Zambia National AIDS Network Government International HIV Alliance Association of Microfinancing Institutions in Zambia The collaboration with ll the above-mentioned institutions is exchange visits, financial resources and technical advice National/sectoral policies impacting ICT use / information and communication within institution: The time the government slapped the tax on ICTs it helped the institution acquire computers cheaply How information needs are currently met, and from where and by whom:
Advise on how to procure ICTs of good quality Young People: schools, colleges, scholarships, gender income generation activities, agriculture information, information on processing, modern methods of farming, marketing, water and irrigation management, HIV/AIDS information
The above-mentioned information needs are met from various sources including: Zambia National Aids Network Pact Zambia Internet International Aids Alliance Public Libraries Newspapers Family Health International Youth Media, Health Communication Partnership (USAID)
Main information needs not satisfied (including types and format of information):
Software copies and corresponding programmes Hard copies due to cost of text books, books, etc
95
Name of Institution 4: Young Womens Christian Association (YWCA) Main problems faced in terms of information and communication management:
Why institution selected as a key: YWCA is a non-profit Christian organisation dedicated to the promotion of human rights for the development of the community especially women and children. The area of interest of the organisation is the womens human rights and advocacy programme. This is aimed at enhancing the quality of life by empowering women emotionally and economically by promoting selfreliance, leadership and self confidence. Other observations: None.
96
Name of Institution 5: Zambia Agriculture Research Institute (ZARI) Objective/mission statement: To provide appropriate and efficient services to farmers by generating and adapting crop technologies which will increase and diversify agricultural production. Field of Specialisation:
Breeding stable and high yielding varieties of both food and cash crops Breed for resistance and tolerance for pests, diseases and adverse soil conditions Development of appropriate production packages and technologies for sustained agricultural production Plant quarantine and Phytosanitary services Soil fertility improvement Farming systems and social sciences
Number of staff professional, clerical, technical, etc; permanent/temporary: Professional staff Technical staff Administration Support Staff 105 102 44 304
All staff are on permanent establishment Branches, other sites: ZARI has the following divisions: Crop Improvement and Agronomy Plant Protection and Quarantine Soils and Water Management Farming Systems and Social Sciences Agro-ecological Zone I&II Agro-ecological Zone III ZARI has ten research stations across the country namely: Nanga and Mochipapa in Agroecological zone I, Msekera, Mount Makulu, Kabwe and Mongu-Simulumbe in Agro-ecological zone II and Misamfu, Mutanda, Mansa and Mufulira in Agro-ecological zone III Annual Budget (in Local Currency with Euro equivalent): ZMK 14 billion ( 2.6 million) Source of Funding, including main donors/sponsors: Government funding 96% Collaborating partners (donors) 4 %
97
Name of Institution 5: Zambia Agriculture Research Institute (ZARI) Programme/Projects undertaken:
Development of an Effective Information Flow Network for ZARI Development of a Pest List Database Strengthening the capacity of PQPS in information management
Target audience (plus number, actual or estimated):
Small-scale farmers Commercial farmers Community based organisations Schools, colleges and Universities International institutions
Extent of interaction with CTA Spore Magazine, SDI, QAS, DORA, seminars, consultants, publications, training..
Spore magazine CTA publications DORA (distribution of Reference Books on Agriculture) SDI CD-ROM/Database subscriptions
ZARI has participated in: CTA Annual Seminars Co-seminars CTA training programmes
Extent of collaboration/interaction with other institutions (name, nature): ZARI collaborates with: Colleges and universities both local and abroad e.g. NRDC, UNZA, Michigan State University, North Carolina State University International institutions (including the CGIAR) e.g. FAO, CIMMYT, CIAT, IRRI, IFPRI, IICD, IAEA, IRDC Local institutions e.g. Food Security Research Project, Agriculture Consultative Forum, eBrain Forum of Zambia ZARI collaborates with the above-mentioned institutions through joint projects, information exchange, training, seminars, exchange of germplasm, etc. National/sectoral policies impacting ICT use / information and communication within institution:
Lack of ICT/ICM policy within ZARI has resulted in the institution spending too much money on equipment and sometimes purchase of sub-standard equipment
98
Name of Institution 5: Zambia Agriculture Research Institute (ZARI) At national level the ICT Policy has been launched. However, there is a high cost of internet service provision in Zambia. How information needs are currently met, and from where and by whom: Information needs currently met include: Broad rural development information o Farm problems o Government and international regulations o Conference and meetings o Trade fairs o Development and funding programmes o Available agricultural/development networks Technical information o Post-harvest technology o Crop varieties o Packaging o Equipment sourcing o Integrated pest management Economic information o Commodity profiles Training needs o Application of communication technologies in research services o Management of information within the organisation o Editing reports o Participative methodologies
Sources of information include the following: Organisations: CTA University of Zambia International research institutions e.g. CIAT, IITA Zambia national Farmers Union Meetings with beneficiaries Input suppliers Publications: CTA booklets/bulletins University research papers Newspapers Electronic Media/AV: Internet Agricultural research electronic networks
99
Name of Institution 5: Zambia Agriculture Research Institute (ZARI) Other sources: Fairs and exhibitions Main information needs not satisfied (including types and format of information):
Journal articles especially from within Africa Briefs/summaries Material suitable for mass distribution Material in appropriate/local languages Visual or pictorial information
Main problems faced in terms of information and communication management:
Lack of funding Inadequate staff with skills in ICM Access to information Researchers have a culture of not sharing information
Why institution selected as a key: The Zambia Agriculture Research Institute is guided by legislation covering pests and diseases, the cotton industry, noxious weeds and agricultural products. It is mandated to conduct crops, plant protection, soils and farming systems research in Zambia. Other observations: None.
100
Name of Institution 6: Department of Fisheries (DOF) Objective/mission statement: Promoting sustainable utilization of fisheries resources in Zambia. The objective is achieved by employing responsive research, extension strategies, training programmes and promoting public/private partnerships at all levels of development and management of the fisheries sector. Field of Specialisation:
Fisheries capture research Aquaculture research Capture extension Aquaculture extension Training
Number of staff professional, clerical, technical, etc; permanent/temporary: -Branches, other sites: The Department of Fisheries has the following divisions: Fisheries capture research National Aquaculture Research and Development Fishing Craft Data centre Fisheries Extension Fish Culture Fisheries Training The Department of Fisheries has the following branches: Central Fisheries Research Institute Chilanga National Aquaculture Research and Development Centre Mwekera (Kitwe) Fisheries Research Units Kariba, Kafue, Itezhitezhi, Mpulungu, Samfya, Nchelenge, Kaputa and Lochnver Fish Farms Chilanga, Chipata, Fyongoli, Nchelenge, Serenje, Chalala, kaoma, Kachele (Choma), Mwekera, Katete and Chadiza Extension District - all provincial centres and districts Annual Budget (in Local Currency with Euro equivalent): ZMK 26 billion ( 4.56 million ) Source of Funding, including main donors/sponsors: Government Republic of Zambia
101
Name of Institution 6: Department of Fisheries (DOF) Programme/Projects undertaken: FAO project on Lake Tanganyika fisheries core management and data collection Target audience (plus number, actual or estimated):
Fishers Fish farmers Fish processors Fish traders Boat builders Net manufacturers
Extent of interaction with CTA Spore Magazine, SDI, QAS, DORA, seminars, consultants, publications, training.. -Extent of collaboration/interaction with other institutions (name, nature): National level University of Zambia sharing laboratories, joint research programmes Other departments in the Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives exchange of information Regional level:Lake Kariba Research Institute and African Wildlife Foundation on Lake Kariba with Zimbabwe fisheries core management and data collection FAO project on Lake Tanganyika fisheries core management and data collection
International level: University of Bergen (Norway) building capacity in staff Japanese International Cooperation Agency (JICA) reaching farmers and research collaboration; infrastructure strengthening (rehabilitation) Peace Corps fish culture extension services National/sectoral policies impacting ICT use / information and communication within institution:
Lack of ICT National Policy has had an effect on the sharing of information Access to information is difficult
How information needs are currently met, and from where and by whom: Information needs currently met include: Broad rural development information o Farm problems o Government and international regulations o Conference and meetings
102
Name of Institution 6: Department of Fisheries (DOF) o Development and funding programmes o Available agricultural/development networks Technical information o Grading systems o Post-harvest technology o Packaging o Equipment sourcing/availability o Transportation (sea, land, air) o Waste utilization Economic information o Credit and micro-credit o Market data o Identification of markets Training needs o Application of communication technologies in extension services o Management of information within the organisation o Editing reports o Participative methodologies Sources of information include the following: Organisations: CTA University of Zambia Southern African Development Community (SADC) Meetings with beneficiaries Agriculture development banks Input suppliers Publications: Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives Booklets/flyers Personal collection Newspapers
Other sources: Fairs and exhibitions colleagues
Main information needs not satisfied (including types and format of information):
Journal articles especially from within Africa Briefs/summaries Material suitable for mass distribution Material in appropriate/local languages Visual or pictorial information
103
Name of Institution 6: Department of Fisheries (DOF) Main problems faced in terms of information and communication management:
Staffing levels in terms of numbers and skills Budgetary constraints Accessing information
Why institution selected as a key: The department of fisheries is mandated to carry out fisheries research and development as well as extension services in Zambia. These include establishment of hatcheries, establishment of data centre, research and development in integrated irrigation-aquaculture, duck/pig husbandry cum fish production, composting, pond dynamics, fertility and fish feed formulation. Other observations: None.
104
Name of Institution 7: In-Service Training Trust (ISTT) Objective/mission statement: To provide quality capacity building programmes to its clientele engaged in sustainable development, through the application of innovative and participatory life long learning approaches Field of Specialisation:
Agriculture Agri-business Food security Natural resource management Education Small and medium scale enterprises Informal sector
Number of staff professional, clerical, technical, etc; permanent/temporary:
Professional staff 6 (permanent) Support staff 14 (permanent) Associate trainers 20 (part-time)
Specialised skills of both professional and support staff include: Agriculture Entrepreneurship Human resource management Natural resource management Training materials development Management of training programmes Branches, other sites:
Annual Budget (in Local Currency with Euro equivalent): ZMK 4 billion ( 800,000) Source of Funding, including main donors/sponsors: Self-financing (from running training courses, facilitation of workshops, consultancy, hiring out training, hostel and restaurant facilities) Programme/Projects undertaken: --
105
Name of Institution 7: In-Service Training Trust (ISTT) Target audience (plus number, actual or estimated):
Frontline extension staff to middle legal managers in government Managers of NGOs and CBOs Farmers Community members Small and medium scale entrepreneurs
Spore magazine CTA publications DORA (Distribution of Reference Books on Agriculture) SDI (Selective Dissemination of Information. Lists of abstracts and bibliographies are sent to recipients on the basis of the topics selected by researchers, scientists and policy-makers) CD-ROM / Database subscriptions Question and Answer Service (QAS)
ISTT has participated in: CTA Annual Seminars (international meetings on key topics of interest e.g. soil fertility, food security) Co-seminars (i.e. co-sponsored by CTA with other agencies such as IICA, FAO, etc.) ICT Observatory (Four day workshop to examine the impact of ICTs in relation to other key issues such as youth, extension and gender) CTA training programmes or non-CTA training programmes Seminar support Programme
Extent of collaboration/interaction with other institutions (name, nature): Local institutions: Directorate of Distance Education UNZA joint training courses and sharing of information Zambia College of Agriculture Monze - joint training courses and sharing of information Katete Centre for Agricultural Marketing - joint training courses and sharing of information Technical Education, Vocational and Entrepreneurship Training Authority - joint training courses and sharing of information National Office FAO - joint training courses and sharing of information International institutions: Commonwealth of Learning joint training courses and sharing of information European Distance and E-Learning Network (EDEN) sharing of information MS Training Centre for Development Cooperation joint training courses and sharing of information Minerals and Environmental Education Training Institute joint training courses
106
Name of Institution 7: In-Service Training Trust (ISTT) Danish Agricultural Advisory Services sharing information GRM International joint projects Lesotho Cooperative College - joint training courses and sharing of information Malawi College of Fisheries - joint training courses and sharing of information National/sectoral policies impacting ICT use / information and communication within institution:
How information needs are currently met, and from where and by whom:
Broad rural development information o Farm problems o Non-farm livelihoods o Social development issues o Gender issues o Government and international regulations o Conference and meetings o Development and funding programmes o Development and funding programmes o Available agricultural/development networks o Other Entrepreneurship Technical information o Grading systems o Post-harvest technology o Crop varieties o Packaging o Equipment sourcing o Integrated pest management Economic information o Credit and micro-credit o Market information o Identification of markets o Commodity profiles o Other Export market promotion Training needs o Management of information within the organisation o Editing reports o Participative methodologies o Other How to conduct post training assessments; development of open and distance learning training materials
Sources of information include the following: Organisations:
107
Name of Institution 7: In-Service Training Trust (ISTT) CTA University of Zambia ASRECA, RAIN, SADC Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives National research institutions - ZARI, GART, LDT Regional research institutions - ANAFE International research institutions IITA, World Agroforestry centre Commodity/farmer associations Meetings with beneficiaries Input suppliers Other FAO, ZNFU, SHEMP, ADC, NEPAD, Commonwealth of Learning
Publications: CTA booklets/bulletins University research papers Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives Booklets/flyers Newspapers Personal collections Electronic Media/AV: Radio programmes TV programmes Video presentations Posters Internet Agricultural research electronic networks Other Mobile phones
Other sources: Fairs and exhibitions Colleagues Agribusiness consultants Main information needs not satisfied (including types and format of information):
Journal articles Briefs/summaries Abstracts Material in appropriate/local languages Visual or pictorial information
Main problems faced in terms of information and communication management:
Having to outsource individuals to handle ICTs get internships
108
Name of Institution 7: In-Service Training Trust (ISTT) High cost of Internet connectivity When the Internet is down response from ISP is usually slow Why institution selected as a key: The Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives partnered with its stakeholders to set up the Inservice Training Trust as an innovative tool for service delivery. ISTT is a training institution providing market driven in-service training programmes to support the agricultural, environmental, eco-tourism, social and small business and industrial sectors in the SADCregion. It is a self-sustaining and independent institution operating as a Trust registered under the Land Act Cap. 288 of the Laws of Zambia. Other observations: None.
109
Name of Institution 8: National Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research (NISIR) Objective/mission statement: A Research and Development institution committed to developing and providing scientific and technological innovations to contribute to sustainable socio-economic development of the country. Field of Specialisation: (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) (vii) (viii) Biotechnology Livestock productivity and disease control Sustainable use of underutilised genetic resources Post-harvest Food Processing and Nutrition Water Energy and Environment Nuclear energy applications and analytical services Materials, engineering and technical services Information services
Number of staff professional, clerical, technical, etc; permanent/temporary: 125 total of which 50 are professional staff Branches, other sites: NISIR has the following departments/divisions: Technical Services Information Services Water Resources Building and industrial Food Sciences Livestock and Pests Tree Improvement Biotechnology Administration and Finance Branches are in Lusaka (HQ), Chilanga and Kitwe Annual Budget (in Local Currency with Euro equivalent): ZMK 7 billion ( 1.23 million) Source of Funding, including main donors/sponsors: (i) (ii) Government of Zambia International Atomic Energy Agency
Programme/Projects undertaken: --
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Name of Institution 8: National Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research (NISIR) Documentation of Scientific Information in Zambia Abstracts to International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Target audience (plus number, actual or estimated): Nation wide Extent of interaction with CTA Spore Magazine, SDI, QAS, DORA, seminars, consultants, publications, training..
Spore magazine CTA publications Question and Answer Service (QAS)
NISIR has participated in: Co-seminars (i.e. co-sponsored by CTA with other agencies such as IICA, FAO, etc.)
Extent of collaboration/interaction with other institutions (name, nature): International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) United Nations Agency All research institutions in Zambia
Collaboration is in research and information National/sectoral policies impacting ICT use / information and communication within institution: The institution is tax exempt Development plans lack of it Cash Budgets prevents purchase of equipment Recruitment of staff entirely done by government
Broad rural development information o Farm problems o Non-farm livelihoods o Social development issues o Government and international regulations o Conference and meetings o Development and funding programmes o Available agricultural/development networks Technical information o Biotechnology information o Grading systems
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Name of Institution 8: National Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research (NISIR) o Post-harvest technology o Integrated pest management
Training needs o Management of information within the organisation o Editing reports o Participative methodologies
Sources of information include the following:
Organisations: CTA University of Zambia and Copperbelt University IAEA Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives National research institutions - ZARI, GART, LDT Commodity/farmer associations Meetings with beneficiaries Input suppliers
Publications: CTA booklets/bulletins NISIR Abstracts Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives Booklets/flyers Newspapers Personal collections Electronic Media/AV: Radio programmes TV programmes Video presentations Posters Internet Agricultural research electronic networks Other sources: Fairs and exhibitions Research generates new knowledge Main information needs not satisfied (including types and format of information):
Journal articles Briefs/summaries Abstracts Material in appropriate/local languages
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Name of Institution 8: National Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research (NISIR) Visual or pictorial information Both hard and soft copies Main problems faced in terms of information and communication management: Funding Staffing few staff not optimal e.g. staffing at Kitwe Library Why institution selected as a key: The National Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research (NISIR) is Zambian Governmentfunded statutory research organization. It undertakes research and development activities in various areas, including agriculture, natural resources and products, environment and water resources, minerals and industrial raw materials, peaceful application of nuclear science and technology, electrical and electronic power conditioning and protection, textile testing and services, information and communications technology and the information system. Other observations: None.
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Name of Institution 9: Radio Lymbai Objective/mission statement: Dissemination of information to the public (i.e. Western Province) as a development tool Field of Specialisation: Agriculture programmes Women awareness programmes Police and the community Marriage Business promotions and community announcements Sports Healthy living and health tips Christian programmes
Number of staff professional, clerical, technical, etc; permanent/temporary: 9 Journalists 1 Office Assistant (Cleaner) Branches, other sites: Annual Budget (in Local Currency with Euro equivalent): ZMK 180,000,000 ( 31,600) Source of Funding, including main donors/sponsors: CHAZ Celtel Zambia Limited Advertisements (minimal charges)
Programme/Projects undertaken: There is a programme on ICTs on Community Radio every once in a while targeted at all age groups, school children, etc. Participated in the preparation of National ICT Policy in Lusaka at Mumana Motel
Target audience (plus number, actual or estimated): Youth Middle-aged Adults
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Name of Institution 9: Radio Lymbai
CTA publications
Radio Lyambai has participated in: CTA training programmes or non-CTA training programmes
Extent of collaboration/interaction with other institutions (name, nature): National Agriculture Information Services (NAIS) Japanese International Cooperation Agency (JICA)
Nature of collaboration is exchange of information and provision of mini-disc recorders, respectively National/sectoral policies impacting ICT use / information and communication within institution: Impacted Radio Lyambai positively because the policy has allowed the Zambia National Broadcasting Cooperation (ZNBC) News to be aired on Radio Lyambai How information needs are currently met, and from where and by whom:
Broad rural development information o Farm problems o Non-farm livelihoods o Social and economic development issues o Gender issues o Agricultural Shows o Government and international regulations o Conference and meetings o Development and funding programmes o Available agricultural/development networks o Other Healthy issues, e.g. HIV and AIDS Economic information o Credit and micro-credit o Market information o Identification of markets o Commodity profiles Training needs o Management of information within the organisation o Editing reports o Participative methodologies
Sources of information include the following: Organisations:
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Name of Institution 9: Radio Lymbai CTA University of Zambia Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives National research institutions - ZARI, GART, LDT Commodity/farmer associations Meetings with beneficiaries Input suppliers Publications: CTA booklets/bulletins Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives Booklets/flyers Newspapers Personal collections
Electronic Media/AV: Radio programmes Agricultural related websites on the Internet
Other sources: Agricultural Shows Experts in the community Main information needs not satisfied (including types and format of information): Soft copies are very difficult to acquire Main problems faced in terms of information and communication management: Lack of a effective production studio Lack of recording equipment Transport problems No standby generator since there are frequent power cuts Lack of ICM/ICT skills
Why institution selected as a key: The institution is mandated to promote sharing and exchange of information in the Western Province Other observations: This is a representative community radio station outside of the capital city, Lusaka
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Name of Institution 10: Radio Mano Objective/mission statement: Radio Mano is a community based radio station providing education, entertainement on spiritual, social-cultural and development issues. This is achieved through community demand-driven programmes including news, infomercials and music in order to have timely and appropriate/relevant information. Field of Specialisation: Programme production and presentation with the hep of subject matter specialists in various fields Number of staff professional, clerical, technical, etc; permanent/temporary: 7 Full time staff 15 Volunteers Branches, other sites: Annual Budget (in Local Currency with Euro equivalent): ZMK 450,000,000 ( 7,600) Source of Funding, including main donors/sponsors: Sponsored programmes Grants and donations Announcements Advertisements
Programme/Projects undertaken: Target audience (plus number, actual or estimated): Urban and rural youth Women and men within a radius of 150 km of Kasama and surrounding areas
Extent of interaction with CTA Spore Magazine, SDI, QAS, DORA, seminars, consultants, publications, training.. None Extent of collaboration/interaction with other institutions (name, nature): Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives Media Institute of Southern Africa
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Name of Institution 10: Radio Mano Zambia Community Media Forum Nature of collaboration is information exchange National/sectoral policies impacting ICT use / information and communication within institution: High costs for ICT materials How information needs are currently met, and from where and by whom:
Broad rural development information o Farm problems o Non-farm livelihoods o Social development issues o Gender issues o Conference and meetings o Development and funding programmes Technical information o Research and Development o Regulation and compliance Economic information o Policy and planning o Information services o Financial services Training needs o Management of information within the organisation
Sources of information include the following: Organisations: Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives National research institutions - ZARI Commodity/farmer associations Women associations Input suppliers Other Educational institutions Publications: CTA booklets/bulletins University research papers Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives Booklets/flyers Newspapers Personal collections
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Name of Institution 10: Radio Mano Electronic Media/AV: Radio programmes Video presentations Posters Internet
Other sources: Agricultural shows
Main information needs not satisfied (including types and format of information): Briefings Material suitable for mass distribution Material in appropriate languages
Main problems faced in terms of information and communication management: Lack of computers Access to the Internet Capacity of Technician to maintain and repair computers and other equipment
Why institution selected as a key: The institution is mandated to promote sharing and exchange of information in the Northern Province Other observations: None.
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Name of Institution 11: Agricultural Marketing Information Centre (AMIC) Objective/mission statement: To enhance market transparency in support of price arbitrage process and increased integration of markets by providing timely and accurate marketing information Field of Specialisation: Agricultural information documentation Number of staff professional, clerical, technical, etc; permanent/temporary: 5 Full time with specialised skills in computers and statistics Branches, other sites: Annual Budget (in Local Currency with Euro equivalent): ZMK 216 million ( 37,900) Source of Funding, including main donors/sponsors: Government of Zambia Programme/Projects undertaken:
Target audience (plus number, actual or estimated): Traders Millers NGOs Donors Government Farmers
Extent of interaction with CTA Spore Magazine, SDI, QAS, DORA, seminars, consultants, publications, training.. None Extent of collaboration/interaction with other institutions (name, nature): National : Food Security Research Program (FSRP) Zambia National Farmers Union (ZNFU) Agriculture Support Programme (ASP)
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Name of Institution 11: Agricultural Marketing Information Centre (AMIC) Regional: COMMESA Mozambique Information System International: Michigan State University (MSU) National/sectoral policies impacting ICT use / information and communication within institution: The impact is minimal as there has been NOT much emphasis attached to ICT How information needs are currently met, and from where and by whom:
Broad rural development information o Farm problems o Conference and meetings o Trade fairs o Available agricultural/development networks Technical information o Grading systems o Transportation (sea, land, air) Economic information o Market data o Identification of markets o Commodity profiles Training needs o Application of communication technologies in extension services o Management of information within the organisation o Editing report o Participative methodologies
Sources of information include the following: Organisations: University of Zambia Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives National research institutions - ZARI, GART, LDT Commodity/farmer associations Meetings with beneficiaries Input suppliers Publications: CTA booklets/bulletins Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives Booklets/flyers
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Name of Institution 11: Agricultural Marketing Information Centre (AMIC) Newspapers Personal collections Electronic Media/AV: Radio programmes TV programmes Posters Internet Other - Mobile phones Other sources: Fairs and exhibitions Colleagues Agribusiness consultants
Main information needs not satisfied (including types and format of information): Journal articles Abstracts
Main problems faced in terms of information and communication management: Equipment Transport Why institution selected as a key: The Agricultural Marketing Information Centre (AMIC) was created in the early 1990s following the demise of the national agricultural marketing board and price controls on agricultural inputs, produce and other commodities. AMIC provides accurate and timely market information for private sector farmers, producers, manufacturers and traders. AMIC staff collects information on the prices of farm inputs and produce, via fax, phones, physical delivery by road and email. The data are then processed and analyzed to identify market trends, and disseminated by radio, TV and printed bulletins. Other observations: None.
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Name of Institution 12: Livestock Development Trust (LDT) Objective/mission statement: Livestock Development Trust (LDT) is a private and public sector partnership that seeks to promote environmentally friendly livestock development initiatives for all livestock farmers in an gender-sensitive and participatory manner. It seeks to attain profitable livestock led farming systems that improve productivity and add value to production through transfer of skills, information and technology and improving credit and market access. Field of Specialisation: Short and long-term courses offered to small-scale farmers and school leavers Breeding of various livestock Applied research Manufacturing of equipment used with draft animals as well as supply and train farmers with draft animals
Number of staff professional, clerical, technical, etc; permanent/temporary: Total of 166 staff comprising: Production 27 Technical 45 Administration 23 Support staff - 71 Branches, other sites: Palabana Dairy Training Institute, Keembe Piggery, Mochipapa Research Station, Harmony Farm and Misamfu Hatchery Annual Budget (in Local Currency with Euro equivalent): ZMK 4.56 billion ( 800,000) Source of Funding, including main donors/sponsors: Donor funding Programme/Projects undertaken: Setting up of VSAT at Palabana Setting up of LAN at Head Office One day training in Introduction to VSATs
Target audience (plus number, actual or estimated): Small-scale farmers
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Name of Institution 12: Livestock Development Trust (LDT) School leavers Farmers and processors Extent of interaction with CTA Spore Magazine, SDI, QAS, DORA, seminars, consultants, publications, training.. None Extent of collaboration/interaction with other institutions (name, nature): PTC+ Land O Lakes ZATAC Agriculture Support Programme (ASP)
Type of collaboration: Partnership in training Lecturers go for short and long term courses to the Netherlands and LDT and PTC+ carry out regional trainings (together) for various small-scale farmers Farmer information exchange Assist farmers in restocking of livestock and give farmers dairy cows on loan basis National/sectoral policies impacting ICT use / information and communication within institution: LDT has benefited from tax exemptions on te importation of equipment. When equipment was purchased for the installation of the LAN in Palabana it was exempted. How information needs are currently met, and from where and by whom:
Broad rural development information o Farm problems o Government and international regulations o Conference and meetings o Development and funding programmes Technical information o Grading systems o Equipment sourcing Economic information o Market information o Identification of markets Training needs o Management of information within the organisation o Editing reports
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Name of Institution 12: Livestock Development Trust (LDT) Organisations: Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives Meetings with beneficiaries Input suppliers Other Land O Lakes
Publications: Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives Booklets/flyers Newspapers Personal collections Electronic Media/AV: Radio programmes TV programmes Video presentations Posters Internet Agricultural research electronic networks Other sources: Fairs and exhibitions Colleagues
Main information needs not satisfied (including types and format of information): Material suitable for mass distribution Material in appropriate languages Visual or pictorial information
Main problems faced in terms of information and communication management: Limited resources for publicity or involvement in programme Internet facilities lacking Lack of participation in workshops related to ICM
Why institution selected as a key: The LDT was setup in October 2002 and is a private and public sector partnership that seeks to promote environmentally friendly livestock development initiatives for all livestock farmers in a gender-sensitive and participatory manner. It seeks to attain profitable livestock-led farming systems that improve productivity and add value to production through transfer of skills, information and technology, and improving credit and market access. Other observations: None.
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Name of Institution 13: Zambia Wild Life Authority (ZAWA) Objective/mission statement: To contribute to the preservation of Zambias natural heritage, ecosystem and biological diversity for present and future generations trough the careful conservation of Zambias wildlife. Field of Specialisation: Wildlife law enforcement programmes Research, planning and information Community-based natural resource management programmes
Number of staff professional, clerical, technical, etc; permanent/temporary: Total is 1,400 staff With key skills in the following: Wildlife management Financial management Information management Investigations and intelligent Legal services Community services Branches, other sites: Northern Region: Kasama Central Region: Mazabuka Western Region: Mumbwa Eastern Region: Mfuwe Annual Budget (in Local Currency with Euro equivalent): ZMK 33 billion ( 5.79 million) Source of Funding, including main donors/sponsors: Internal funding Government grant
Programme/Projects undertaken: Developed databases Training one candidate for MSc Developed an ICT Policy
Target audience (plus number, actual or estimated):
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Name of Institution 13: Zambia Wild Life Authority (ZAWA) Communities Tourists Tour operators Community resource boards Associations, e.g. Lower Zambezi Tourism Associations Extent of interaction with CTA Spore Magazine, SDI, QAS, DORA, seminars, consultants, publications, training.. None Extent of collaboration/interaction with other institutions (name, nature): University of Zambia University of Pretoria and Wageningen Ministry of Agriculture Cooperating partners Foundations, e.g. AWF, Conservation International
Type of collaboration include: information exchange, capacity building joint projects National/sectoral policies impacting ICT use / information and communication within institution: Has resulted in the increased use of the technology How information needs are currently met, and from where and by whom:
Broad rural development information o Non-farm livelihoods o Social development issues o Gender issues o Government and international regulations o Conference and meetings o Development and funding programmes Technical information o Integrated pest management Training needs o Management of information within the organisation o Editing reports o Participative methodologies o Other How to conduct post training assessments; development of open and distance learning training materials
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Name of Institution 13: Zambia Wild Life Authority (ZAWA) Organisations: University of Zambia Farmer associations Meetings with beneficiaries Personal collection and publications Input suppliers Publications: CTA booklets/bulletins Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives Booklets/flyers Newspapers Personal collections
Electronic Media/AV: Radio programmes TV programmes Video presentations Posters Internet
Other sources: Fairs and exhibitions Colleagues
Main information needs not satisfied (including types and format of information): Subscription to international journals due to budgetary constraints Main problems faced in terms of information and communication management: Financial Logistics Staffing Old equipment
Why institution selected as a key: Zambia Wildlife Authority (ZAWA) has presence and mandate for more that 32% of Zambia and responsible for resources of more than 70% of what is protected. ZAWA is governed by the Zambia Wildlife Act, No. 12 of 1998 and has its own Board of Directors. One of the objectives of ZAWA is to improve the quality of the life among communities in wildlife estates and maintenance of sustainable biodiversity in national parks and game management areas.
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Name of Institution 13: Zambia Wild Life Authority (ZAWA) Other observations: ZAWA has so far developed and implemented an ICT Policy
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Name of Institution 14: Production , Financing and Technology (PROFIT) Objective/mission statement: Assist in development of private sector and contribute to economic development. Reduce poverty among small-scale farmers. Field of Specialisation: Animal production, by preventing diseases through veterinary i.e. facilitating the whole process Number of staff professional, clerical, technical, etc; permanent/temporary: 3 Project staff with specialised skills in animal health veterinary Branches, other sites:
Annual Budget (in Local Currency with Euro equivalent): ZMK 16,800,000 ( 2,937) Source of Funding, including main donors/sponsors: United States Agency for International Development (USAID) Programme/Projects undertaken:
Target audience (plus number, actual or estimated): Small-holder farmers
Extent of interaction with CTA Spore Magazine, SDI, QAS, DORA, seminars, consultants, publications, training.. None Extent of collaboration/interaction with other institutions (name, nature): Private Veterinary Service Providers FREMAG Type of collaboration include: provision of information and services National/sectoral policies impacting ICT use / information and communication within institution: Government stopped providing veterinary services and farmers lost their animals because they could not access the information they needed on veterinary and animal production.
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Name of Institution 14: Production , Financing and Technology (PROFIT) How information needs are currently met, and from where and by whom:
Broad rural development information o Social development issues o Development and funding programmes Technical information o Livestock production Training needs o Management of information within the organisation o Participative methodologies
Organisations: Farmer associations Local Veterinary Services Input suppliers Publications: Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives Booklets/flyers Electronic Media/AV: Radio programmes TV programmes
Main information needs not satisfied (including types and format of information): Hard copies and soft copies i.e. veterinary department cannot provide books or handouts Main problems faced in terms of information and communication management: Training/Education
Why institution selected as a key: The institution promotes rural development through provision of information and services to the farmers. Other observations: None.
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Name of Institution 15: University of Zambia (UNZA) Library Objective/mission statement: To support study, teaching and research by providing appropriate information in all fields Field of Specialisation: Agricultural sciences Engineering (mining, civil, mechanical, electrical, etc) Humanities and social sciences Education Human Medicine and veterinary medicine Law
Number of staff professional, clerical, technical, etc; permanent/temporary: Total number 65 Specialised skills in: ICTs, e.g. web designing, Internet searching, information literacy etc. Abstracting and indexing Cataloguing (bibliographic control) Branches, other sites: Annual Budget (in Local Currency with Euro equivalent): Not Known Source of Funding, including main donors/sponsors: Government Cooperating partners
Programme/Projects undertaken: Programme for the Enhancement of Research Information (PERI) International Network for the Advancement of Scientific Publications (INASP)
Target audience (plus number, actual or estimated): Students, researchers, academicians, government workers and the general public UNZA Library
Extent of interaction with CTA Spore Magazine, SDI, QAS, DORA, seminars, consultants, publications, training.. --
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Name of Institution 15: University of Zambia (UNZA) Library Spore magazine CTA publications DORA (Distribution of Reference Books on Agriculture) SDI (Selective Dissemination of Information. Lists of abstracts and bibliographies are sent to recipients on the basis of the topics selected by researchers, scientists and policy-makers) CD-ROM / Database subscriptions Question and Answer Service (QAS)
UNZALIB has participated in: CTA Annual Seminars (international meetings on key topics of interest e.g. soil fertility, food security)
Extent of collaboration/interaction with other institutions (name, nature): Local institutions: Government ministries Parliament Colleges and other research institutions in the country Non-governmental organisations (NGOs) International institutions: The World Bank Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations (FAO) International Monetary Fund (IMF) World Health Organiosation (WHO) International Network for the Advancement of Scientific Publications (INASP) Nature of collaboration information exchange and joint subscriptions to electronic journals National/sectoral policies impacting ICT use / information and communication within institution: The government has just introduced an ICT Policy which is yet to be implemented Lack of ICT Policy has for a long time been the hindrance to the development of ICTs - it has affected ICT development in such areas as training, copyright acquisition and monitoring of hardware and software, provision and development of content on the web.
Broad rural development information o Farm problems o Non-farm livelihoods o Social development issues o Gender issues o Government and international regulations with regard to ICTs o Conference and meetings o Availability of ICT development and funding programmes o Available database management software
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Name of Institution 15: University of Zambia (UNZA) Library
Technical information o Grading systems o Post-harvest technology o Integrated pest management Economic information o Credit and micro-credit o Market information o Identification of markets o Commodity profiles Training needs o Management of information within the organisation o Editing reports o Availability of training opportunities including workshops, conferences and seminars
Sources of information include the following: Organisations: CTA ASRECA, RAIN, SADC Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives National research institutions - ZARI, GART, LDT Regional research institutions - ANAFE International research institutions IITA, World Agroforestry centre Commodity/farmer associations Meetings with beneficiaries Input suppliers
Publications: CTA booklets/bulletins Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives Booklets/flyers Newspapers Personal collections Electronic Media/AV: Posters Internet Agricultural research electronic networks Other sources: Fairs, exhibitions and agricultural shows
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Name of Institution 15: University of Zambia (UNZA) Library Main information needs not satisfied (including types and format of information):
Journal articles Briefs/summaries Abstracts Material in appropriate/local languages Materials suitable for mass distribution Visual or pictorial information Reports, statistical data, etc.
Why institution selected as a key: The core business is to provide information for research, study and teaching to students, researchers and general public. UNZAL Library is a depository of the United Nations Organisation, World Bank and IMF Other observations: None.
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Name of Institution 16: PLAN Zambia Objective/mission statement: PLAN strives to achieve everlasting improvements in quality of life of deprived children in developing countries through a process that unites people across cultures and add meaning and value to their lives. Field of Specialisation: Livelihood Health Learning (education) Community empowerment
Number of staff professional, clerical, technical, etc; permanent/temporary: Total number of staff is 25 Specialised skilled staff are 22 Branches, other sites: Chibombo, Mazabuka and Mansa Districts Annual Budget (in Local Currency with Euro equivalent): Not known Source of Funding, including main donors/sponsors: Sponsorship Grants
Programme/Projects undertaken: Resource mobilization Dissemination of information through newsletters Regular updates on information technology Target audience (plus number, actual or estimated): Children and their communities
Spore magazine
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Name of Institution 16: PLAN Zambia Extent of collaboration/interaction with other institutions (name, nature): Local institutions: Government ministries Colleges and other research institutions in the country Non-governmental organisations (NGOs) International institutions: CIAT Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations (FAO) ICRAF ICRISAT Nature of collaboration: Joint projects Technical support Backstopping Sharing information through exchange visits National/sectoral policies impacting ICT use / information and communication within institution: Collaborating partners and government share publications whose benefits go down to the beneficiaries at grass roots level. How information needs are currently met, and from where and by whom:
Broad rural development information o Non-farm livelihoods (alternative to rain-fed agriculture) o Gender issues o Government and international regulations Economic information o Market information o Identification of markets o Commodity profiles Training needs o Participative methodologies
Sources of information include the following: Organisations: National research institutions - ZARI, GART, LDT Regional research institutions - CIAT International research institutions ICRISAT
Publications: CTA booklets/bulletins
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Name of Institution 16: PLAN Zambia Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives Booklets/flyers
Other sources: Agricultural shows
Main information needs not satisfied (including types and format of information): Credit/micro credit Integrated Pest Management Commodity profiles Crop insurance systems Material in appropriate/local languages Materials suitable for mass distribution Visual or pictorial information
Main problems faced in terms of information and communication management: Though PLAN does a lot in the field of development there is less publicity at provincial and national level. There is need for more information sharing Why institution selected as a key: PLAN is the institution with a mandate to look at the plight of deprived children in Zambia. PLAN works to achieve lasting improvements for children living in poverty, through a process that unites people across cultures and adds meaning and value to their lives. Plan works with children, their families, communities, organizations and local governments to implement programs at grassroots level in health, education, water and sanitation, income generation and cross-cultural communication. Other observations: None.
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Name of Institution 17: Programme for Luapula Agricultural and Rural Development (PLARD) Objective/mission statement: To contribute to the development of an efficient, competitive and sustainable agricultural and rural sector, which ensures increased income and food security for the people of Luapula Province? Field of Specialisation: Agriculture Fisheries and fish farming Agribusiness development Number of staff professional, clerical, technical, etc; permanent/temporary: Professionals - 6 Technical staff 0 Support staff 5 Specialised skills in agriculture, fisheries management, natural resources management, economics, monitoring and evaluation Branches, other sites:
Annual Budget (in Local Currency with Euro equivalent): ZMK 58.86 billion ( 10,327,000) Source of Funding, including main donors/sponsors: Government of Finland (Approximately 95%) Government of Zambia (Approximately 5%)
Programme/Projects undertaken:
Target audience (plus number, actual or estimated): Farmers Fishers Traders and marketers Local government and provincial authorities Government departments NGOs, CBOs, projects, churches Means of contact include: Meetings, workshops
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Name of Institution 17: Programme for Luapula Agricultural and Rural Development (PLARD) Brochures Government extension Also possibility of radio programs Extent of interaction with CTA Spore Magazine, SDI, QAS, DORA, seminars, consultants, publications, training.. NONE Extent of collaboration/interaction with other institutions (name, nature): Project just started National/sectoral policies impacting ICT use / information and communication within institution: ICT policy only enacted in 2006 How information needs are currently met, and from where and by whom:
Broad rural development information o Farm problems o Non-farm livelihoods o Social development issues o Gender issues o Government and international regulations o Conference and meetings o Development and funding programmes o Available agricultural/development networks o Other Entrepreneurship Technical information o Grading systems o Post-harvest technology o Crop varieties o Packaging o Integrated pest management Economic information o Credit and micro-credit o Market information o Identification of markets o Commodity profiles Training needs o Management of information within the organisation o Editing reports o Participative methodologies
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Name of Institution 17: Programme for Luapula Agricultural and Rural Development (PLARD) Sources of information include the following: Organisations: Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives Consultants Internet Central Statistics Office
Electronic Media/AV: Internet
Main information needs not satisfied (including types and format of information): Main information needs for programme: Technical information on crop production, integrated pest management, fish farming Plans for the future: Development of databases Main problems faced in terms of information and communication management: Though the programme is relatively new a major problem is lack of capacity to develop audio and visual materials
Why institution selected as a key: PLAARD is a programme responsible for the development of an efficient, competitive and sustainable agricultural and rural sector in the Luapula Province of Zambia. Other observations: None.
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Name of Institution 18: Department of Agriculture (Extension) Objective/mission statement: To facilitate and support the development of a sustainable and viable agricultural sector in order to ensure food security and income generation at household and national levels and maximise the sectors contribution to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) Field of Specialisation: The Department of Agriculture (DA) specialises in extension delivery Departments within DA: Agricultural extension Policy and planning Agri-business and cooperatives There is no specific department responsible for information technology support Number of staff professional, clerical, technical, etc; permanent/temporary: Professionals 800 Technical staff - 1800 Support staff - 500 Branches, other sites:
Annual Budget (in Local Currency with Euro equivalent): Unknown Source of Funding, including main donors/sponsors: Government of Zambia Other contributions e.g. IFAD, FAO, European Union, Sida
Programme/Projects undertaken: Distribution and dissemination and of planting materials Teaching farmers various skills including crop and animal production
Target audience (plus number, actual or estimated): Small scale farmers Agro-based NGOs
Contact is through widely based extension delivery service
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Name of Institution 18: Department of Agriculture (Extension) Extent of interaction with CTA Spore Magazine, SDI, QAS, DORA, seminars, consultants, publications, training..
Spore magazine CTA publications
Extent of collaboration/interaction with other institutions (name, nature): The DA has links with a number of educational and research institutions: University of Zambia, Zambia Agricultural Research Institute, Golden Valley Agricultural Research Trust, Food and Agriculture Organisation if the United Nations (FAO), etc. DA collaborates specifically on household food security. National/sectoral policies impacting ICT use / information and communication within institution: The absence of the ICT policy in Zambia resulted in less focus on issues related to information management. Lack of budgetary allocation and prohibitive prices of ICT materials. How information needs are currently met, and from where and by whom: The main challenge for the Department of Agriculture is identifying the most appropriate collection points for the information that they need for various sectors, particularly the crop and livestock production and local market information. The possible types of information needed include:
Broad rural development information o Farm problems o Social development issues o Gender issues o Government and international regulations o Conference and meetings o Development and funding programmes o Development and funding programmes o Available agricultural/development networks o Other Entrepreneurship Technical information o Grading systems o Post-harvest technology o Crop varieties o Packaging o Equipment sourcing/availability o Transportation o Integrated pest management Economic information
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Name of Institution 18: Department of Agriculture (Extension) o Credit and micro-credit o Market data o Identification of markets o Commodity profiles o Crop insurance systems
Training needs o Management of information within the organisation o Editing reports o Participative methodologies
Sources of information include the following: Organisations: CTA University of Zambia Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives National research institutions - ZARI, GART, LDT Regional research institutions - IITA, World Agroforestry centre Commodity/farmer associations Meetings with beneficiaries Input suppliers Other FAO, ZNFU, SHEMP, ADC, NEPAD, Commonwealth of Learning Publications: CTA booklets/bulletins University research papers Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives Booklets/flyers Newspapers Personal collections Electronic Media/AV: Radio programmes TV programmes Posters Other sources: Fairs and exhibitions Agribusiness consultants Main information needs not satisfied (including types and format of information): Production levels at local, regional and international markets
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Name of Institution 18: Department of Agriculture (Extension) Main problems faced in terms of information and communication management: Working with data with regard to production figures and incidences of pests and diseases is always a problem. It takes too long for data to reach the provinces from all the districts. There are too many reporting standards.
Why institution selected as a key: The Department of Agriculture is a key player in poverty reduction and uplifting the standard of living of many rural households. Other observations: None.
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Name of Institution 19: World Vision Zambia (WVZ) Objective/mission statement: World Vision mission statement is to follow our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ in working with the poor and oppressed to promote human transformation, seek justice and bear witness to the good news of the Kingdom of God. WVZ purse this mission through integrated, holistic commitment to Transformational Development, Emergency Relief, Provision of Justice and Strategic Initiatives. Field of Specialisation: The departments and areas of specialisation within WVZ are : Food Security Health Information Technology Design monitoring and evaluation Advocacy, gender and Child HIV and AIDS Number of staff professional, clerical, technical, etc; permanent/temporary: Not given Branches, other sites: Area development programs in the following districts of Zambia: Kawambwa Mbala Nakonde Lusaka Mporokoso Mpika Mazabuka Kitwe Mwinilunga Solwezi Monze Kalabo Mongu Sinazongwe Kalomo Annual Budget (in Local Currency with Euro equivalent): Unknown
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Name of Institution 19: World Vision Zambia (WVZ) Source of Funding, including main donors/sponsors: Child Sponsorship from Support Offices (WV USA, WV UK, WV Australia, WV Korea, WV Newzealand Non-sponsorship funding through proposal writing Gifts in kind form Support Offices
Programme/Projects undertaken: Training Getting information closer to the field - WV initiative, Child Sponsorship Programme
Target audience (plus number, actual or estimated): Vulnerable community members in WVZs Area Development Programmes. These are farming households with the chronically ill, child-headed, Female headed, Elderly. These are contacted by field staffs that are based in the operational areas country-wide. Extent of interaction with CTA Spore Magazine, SDI, QAS, DORA, seminars, consultants, publications, training..
Spore magazine CTA publications
WVZ has not participated in any of CTAs programmes Extent of collaboration/interaction with other institutions (name, nature): World Vision Zambia is collaborating with: relevant government institutions and departments International Centre for Research in Agroforestry (ICRAF) International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) The type of collaboration is information exchange National/sectoral policies impacting ICT use / information and communication within institution: The government of Zambia just launched the ICT Policy Internet use and licensing equipment was clear
How information needs are currently met, and from where and by whom: The possible types of information needed include:
Broad rural development information o Government and international regulations o Conference and meetings o Available agricultural/development networks Technical information o Post-harvest technology o Crop varieties
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Name of Institution 19: World Vision Zambia (WVZ)
Economic information o Credit and micro-credit o Market data o Identification of markets
Sources of information include the following: Organisations: Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives National research institutions - ZARI, GART, LDT Regional research institutions - IITA, World Agroforestry centre Input suppliers
Publications: Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives Booklets/flyers Electronic Media/AV: Radio programmes TV programmes Posters Other sources: Fairs and exhibitions Agribusiness consultants
Main information needs not satisfied (including types and format of information): Production levels at local, regional and international markets Main problems faced in terms of information and communication management: Training in ICM Connectivity Insufficient computer facilities like desktops and laptops
Why institution selected as a key: This is a humanitarian organisation dedicated to working with children, families and their communities in Zambia to reach their full potential by tackling the causes of poverty and injustice. Other observations: World Vision Zambia is helping farming households with chronically ill, child-headed, femaleheaded and the elderly in food security.
148
Name of Institution 20: National Agricultural Information Services (NAIS) Objective/mission statement: To promote the adoption of agricultural technologies through timely dissemination of appropriate agricultural information to the farming community using a multimedia approach/system Field of Specialisation: Provision of agricultural extension using the media which includes radio, television and printed materials. Number of staff professional, clerical, technical, etc; permanent/temporary: NAIS has a total permanent staff comprising 204 staff broken down into: Professional 10 Technical 52 Administrative 142 Specialised skills in broadcasting, publishing, agriculture and print media Branches, other sites: NAIS has the following departments: Broadcasting Publications Press and Public Relations Annual Budget (in Local Currency with Euro equivalent): Unknown Source of Funding, including main donors/sponsors: Government of the Republic of Zambia Programme/Projects undertaken: Rural Radio Programme in collaboration with the Japanese International Cooperation Agency (JICA) Strengthening the agriculture information flow and dissemination system of NAIS in Zambia project. This is in collaboration with the International Institute for Communication and Development (IICD).
Target audience (plus number, actual or estimated): Mainly small scale farmers contacted through radio programmes supplemented by television programmes, printed materials District extension staff and all other staff who visit farmer radio listening groups
149
Name of Institution 20: National Agricultural Information Services (NAIS) Extent of interaction with CTA Spore Magazine, SDI, QAS, DORA, seminars, consultants, publications, training..
Spore Magazine NAIS has also participated in the following: o Sharing rural radio resource packs programmes with CTA o Co-seminars (CTA sensitization workshop on Rural Radio for Policy and Decision Makers in East and Southern Africa held in Malawi in 2005 in collaboration with FAO)
Extent of collaboration/interaction with other institutions (name, nature): NAIS is collaborating with International institutions such as the International Institute for Communication and Development (IICD) Government institutions like the Zambia Agricultural Research Institute (ZARI) Agricultural private organisations including NGOs like the Organic Producers Association of Zambia (OPAZ) Regional programmes like Southern Africa Drought Network (SADNET) The type of collaboration existing with the above institutions include: ICM/ICT collaboration Publicity during field days and any other appropriate time for institutions Information sharing and exchange National/sectoral policies impacting ICT use / information and communication within institution: The procurement process for ICT facilities and equipment is a problem Sharing of information is extremely difficult There is no agreement on content management
150
Name of Institution 20: National Agricultural Information Services (NAIS) How information needs are currently met, and from where and by whom:
Broad rural development information o Farm problems o Gender issues o Government and international regulations o Trade fairs o Available agricultural/development networks o Other Entrepreneurship Technical information o Post-harvest technology o Crop varieties o Equipment sourcing o Integrated pest management Economic information o Credit and micro-credit o Market information o Identification of markets Training needs o Management of information within the organisation o Editing reports o Participative methodologies
Organisations: Farmers and commodity/farmer associations National research institutions - ZARI, GART, LDT Extension service providers subject matter specialists International organisation such as CTA and WREN media Meetings with beneficiaries such as Farmer Listening Groups Publications: CTA booklets/bulletins Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives Booklets/flyers Newspapers Newsletters
Electronic Media/AV: Radio programmes TV programmes Video presentations Posters
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Name of Institution 20: National Agricultural Information Services (NAIS) Main information needs not satisfied (including types and format of information): Journal articles because of subscription costs Access to research findings Provision of content in appropriate format and local languages
Main problems faced in terms of information and communication management: Poor information flow from subject matter specialists Weak research, extension service providers and farmers linkages Lack of equipment such as cameras, radios and recorders to effectively disseminate information to farmers Lack of transport
Why institution selected as a key: NAIS has the mandate to develop and disseminate appropriate agricultural information to clients and stakeholders in order to create and increase their awareness. Other observations: None.
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4. List of Institutions / Persons Interviewed

No. 1 2 3 Name of Institutional Representative Vincent Nyirenda David Chanda Stephen C. Ngwira Institution Zambia World Life Authority (ZAWA) Radio Mano (RM) Plan International Designation Head- Information Services Manager Food Security & IGA Program Coordinator Acting Deputy University Librarian Librarian/ Programme Officer Head-Food Security Department Head-Information Services Unit/Librarian Training Coordinator Head-Library Department Programme Manager Regional Manager E-mail nyirendav@zawa.org.zm radiomano@zamtel.zm Stephen.ngwira@planinternational.org aakakandelwa@yahoo.com zard@microlink.zm/ zardwidnet@microlink.zm Charles_Owubah@wvi.org bmchisenga@nisir.org.zm/ nisiris@zamnet.zm inkungulu@zamtel.zm/ admin@nztt.ac.zm n/a mkakenenwa@yahoo.co.uk/ ywcwr@zamtel.zm hampeyo@yahoo.com Telephone 0977-352035/ 260-1278524 260-4-230038 095-886127/ 0977152766/ 260-6221287/ 260-6-221665 095-832599/ 260-1-250845 260-1-222883/ 260-1224536 260-1-221950/ 260-1221958 260-1-281082 District Kafue Kasama Chipata
4 5 6 7
Akakandelwa Akakandelwa Lynn Kapembwa Mary V. Mukwavi Bernard Chisenga
University of Zambia-Great East Road Campus (UNZA) Zambia Association for Research & Development (ZARD) World Vision Zambia (WVI) Zambia National Institute for Scientific & Industrial Research (NISIR) Zambia Export Growers Association Training Trust Natural Resources Development College Young Womens Christian Association (Mongu) Production Financing and Technology (PROFIT) - Western Province Lyambai Community Radio Agriculture Support Programme (ASP)
Lusaka Lusaka Lusaka Lusaka
8 9 10 11
Isaac Nkungulu William Tembo Mubiana Kakenenwa Mainecy Hampeyo
260-1-283324 0977-498962/ 260-1-283698 0996-635056/ 260-7221053/ 260-7-221573 0977-241121
Lusaka Lusaka Mongu Mongu
12 13
J. Ngenda Francis Silwizya
Manager Field Business Coordinator
mliwena@yahoo.com aspkasama@zamtel.zm / jokam@zamtel.zm
260-7-221639 260-4-222755/ 260-4232076
Mongu Kasama
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No. 14
Name of Institutional Representative Pius Twaabo Chibinga
Institution Programme for Luapula Agricultural and Rural Development (PLARD) Zambia National Farmers Union (ZNFU) National Agriculture Information Services Livestock Development Trust Department of Extension Agriculture Market Information Centre (AMIC) Department of Fisheries
Designation Monitoring and Evaluation Advisor Liason Officer Acting Principal Agricultural Information Officer Information Technology Officer Principal Agricultural Officer Principal Agriculture Economist Principal Fisheries Research Officer - Data
E-mail mea@plardzambia.org
Telephone 260-2-821106 0997-376300/ 260-1-252649/ 260-1252834 097763603/ 260-1-250010 0966727467 260-1-254298 09977600139/ 260-1250308 0977693026/ 260-1278418
District Mansa
15 16 17 18 19 20
Coillard Hamusimbi Nervious Siantmbo Chibila Beyani Lack Kaluba James Mwandwe Mbamwai Mbewe
znfu@zamnet.zm nsiantombo@yahoo.co.uk ldt@zamnet.zm Lackluba@yahoo.co.uk jmwandwe@yahoo.co.uk mbamwai@yahoo.com /piscator@zamnet.zm
Lusaka Lusaka Lusaka Lusaka Lusaka Kafue
154
5. Bibliography
Central Statistics Office 2000. Census of Population and Housing. Agriculture Analytical Report. 2003. Lusaka. Zambia Central Statistics Office 2001/2002. Post Harvest Report for Large-Scale Agricultural Holdings. Lusaka. Zambia Communications Authority of Zambia 2005. Annual Report 2005. Lusaka. Zambia. Communications Authority of Zambia 2007. Internet Service Providers. http://www.caz.zm/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=58&Itemid=72. Accessed on 5 October 2007. Computers for Schools in Zambia. http://www.cfzs.org.zm. Accessed on 26 September 2007 Environmental Council of Zambia 2001. State of the Environment in Zambia. 2000. Environmental Council of Zambia. Lusaka, Zambia. Environmental Council of Zambia 2004. Policy and Stakeholder Analysis for Invasive Plant Management in Zambia. Report submitted to the CABI Africa Regional centre under the PDF-B Phase of the Project. Esselaar, P. et al. 2003. A Country ICT Survey for Zambia. Swedish International Development Agency. Stockholm. Sweden. Government of the Republic of Zambia (GRZ) 2003. 2000 Census of population and Housing Agriculture Analytical Report. Central Statistics Office. Lusaka. Zambia Government of the Republic of Zambia (GRZ) 2005. 2000 Census Report. Central Statistics Office. Lusaka. Zambia Government of the Republic of Zambia (GRZ) 2005. External Trade Statistics Bulletin. Central Statistics Office. Lusaka. Zambia Government of the Republic of Zambia (GRZ) 2005. Living Conditions Monitoring Survey Report. Central Statistics Office. Lusaka. Zambia Government of the Republic of Zambia (GRZ) 2005. Zambia in Figures. Central Statistics Office. Lusaka. Zambia Government of the Republic of Zambia (GRZ) 2006. National Accounts Statistics Bulletin. Central Statistics Office. Lusaka. Zambia. International Institute for Communication and Development 2006. ICTs for Agricultural Livelihoods. 2006 International Trade Centre, Country Profile Zambia 2007. http://www.intracen.org/organics/Country-Profile-Zambia.htm. Accessed on 26 September 2007 Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives 2004. Agricultural Market Development Plan. Lusaka. Zambia. Ministry of Communications and Transport 2007. National Information and Communication Technology Policy. Lusaka. Zambia..
155
Ministry of Finance and National Planning 2006. Fifth National Development Plan. Lusaka. Zambia Mwanaumo, A.. 1999. Agricultural Marketing Policy Reforms in Zambia. A Report prepared for the Agricultural Transformation in Africa Workshop, Nairobi. Kenya Ndulo, M and Mudenda D 2004. Trade Policy Reform and Adjustment in Zambia. Lusaka. Zambia Pambazuka News 2007. Zambia: New National ICT Policy., http://www.pambazuka.org/en/category/Internet/40552. Accessed 30 March 2007 Production, Financing and Technology 2006. Zambia Impact Assessment: Baseline Research Design. Lusaka. Zambia. SciDevNet 2007. Zambia Announces ICT Training for Scientists., http://www.scidev.net/News/index.cfm?fuseaction=readNews&itemid=3453&langu age=1 Accessed 2 March 2007 Simumba, D. et al. 2006. Information Needs Assessment Survey for Small-scale Farmers of Kasama and Kafue Districts of Zambia. Lusaka. Zambia (unpublished). Simumba, D, 2006 (Moderator). E-Brain 2006 October Monthly Meeting. E-Brain Forum of Zambia Agriculture Thematic Group. Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation 2000. Small-scale Food Processing Sector in Zambia. Wangeningen, The Netherlands. CTA Working Document Number 8015. Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation 2006. CTA Strategic Plan 2007-2010. Wangeningen, The Netherlands. Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation 2005. CTA Annual Report. Wangeningen, The Netherlands. Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation 2000. Small-scale Food Processing Sector in Zambia. Wageningen, The Netherlands. Terra, F.L. et al. 2006. Assessment of Agricultural Information Needs in African, Caribbean & Pacific (ACP) States for CTAs Products and Services. Country Study Mozambique. Maputo. Mozambique. UNEP/GEF Project 2006: Removing Barriers to Invasive plant Management in Africa. Environmental Council of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia World Internet Usage and Population Statistics. http://www.Internetworldstats.com/africa.htm#zm Accessed on 13 March 07 World Telecommunications Development Report 2006, ITU. ZAMBIA Press, Media, TV, Radio, Newspapers. http://www.pressreference.com/Uz-Z/Zambia.html Accessed 25 April 2007
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Zambia: Community Radio Strengthening Village http://africa.rights.apc.org/index.shtml?apc=21872n21819e_1&x=28382. Accessed 25th October 2004
Voices.
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ASSESSMENT OF AGRICULTURAL INFORMATION NEEDS IN AFRICAN, CARIBBEAN & PACIFIC (ACP) STATES SOUTHERN AFRICA

Zambia Assessment of Agricultural Information Needs

Zambia Assessment of Agricultural Information Needs

Exchange rate on 8 May 2006: 1 USD$ = ZMK 4,320

Zambia Assessment of Agricultural Information Needs

Zambia Assessment of Agricultural Information Needs

Zambia Assessment of Agricultural Information Needs

Zambia Assessment of Agricultural Information Needs

Figure 1 Map of Zambia

Source: Department of Peacekeeping Operations, Cartographic Section, United Nations. 2004

Agriculture, Fisheries, Forestry and Livestock

Zambia Assessment of Agricultural Information Needs

Zambia Assessment of Agricultural Information Needs

Zambia Assessment of Agricultural Information Needs

Zambia Assessment of Agricultural Information Needs

STATUS OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION FOR AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT

Zambia Assessment of Agricultural Information Needs

Zambia Assessment of Agricultural Information Needs

Zambia Assessment of Agricultural Information Needs

NAIS WVZ ZARD UNZA ZAWA LDT ZNFU PLARD DOF

MACO, farmer associations, women associations, educational institutions, DAE _________________________________________________________________

Zambia Assessment of Agricultural Information Needs

Zambia Assessment of Agricultural Information Needs

Documentation Centre Internet Caf Radio and TV programmes

Zambia Assessment of Agricultural Information Needs

Zambia Assessment of Agricultural Information Needs

Zambia Assessment of Agricultural Information Needs

Zambia Assessment of Agricultural Information Needs

INSTITUTIONAL NEEDS ANALYSIS BOTTLENECKS AND SHORTCOMINGS)

Zambia Assessment of Agricultural Information Needs

Zambia Assessment of Agricultural Information Needs

management of information within organisations, editing of reports and participative methodologies.

Zambia Assessment of Agricultural Information Needs

Table 7 - Frequently mentioned resource needs

Zambia Assessment of Agricultural Information Needs

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Zambia Assessment of Agricultural Information Needs

Zambia Assessment of Agricultural Information Needs

Zambia Assessment of Agricultural Information Needs

Zambia Assessment of Agricultural Information Needs

Zambia Assessment of Agricultural Information Needs

PROPOSED CTA ACTION PLAN

Little or lack of use of radio

Lack of knowledge in use of Internet

Lack of data analysis skills

Weak capability and capacity to publish data and information

Lack of visibility of local content in international journals and bulletins

MACO MIS development stagnant

Country Profile [Zambia]

Total Area 15,000 km2

Lake Itezhi-tezhi Lake Kariba

Upper Zambezi Flood Plain Lukanga Swamps

Residence/ Province Urban

All households 23,271

Non Agric households 12,566

Agricultural households 10,705

Source: CSO, Living Conditions Monitoring Survey Report, 2004

Households Cattle % Owning Livestock

2002 47.6 6.7 54.3 1.4 100

2003 34.5 8.1 42.6 1.5 100

2004 26.2 16.0 42.3 1.0 100

Adult GPI 0.78

Youth GPI 0.91

Direction of Migration Moved from) All