Lutte contre la dsertification

Universit Laval Qubec

06 Juin 2011

Quel rle pour la science? Quelle interface politique? Quel rle dans la protection des forts?

Luc GNACADJA
Secrtaire Excutif
United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification

Bref aperu
1.

Causes & consquences de la dsertification

2.
3. 4. 5. 6.

La CNULCD, sa stratgie dcennale et le rle de la CST?

Impacts & bnfices de la mise en oeuvre de la CNULCD La mesurabilit: un impratif Quelle autorit scientifique pour la CNULCD? Lutte contre la dsertification: Quel rle dans la protection des forts

Causes anthropiques de la

Dsertification

La dsertification enferme les populations affectes dans une spirale infernale de pauvret et de dgradation des sols

Climate change will depress agricultural yields in most countries by 2050 given current agricultural practices and crop varieties

Changes in agricultural productivity by 2050

due to Climate change

Source: Mller and others 2009. in WDR 2010, Page 145 Note: The figure shows the projected percentage change in yields of 11 major crops (wheat, rice, maize, millet, field pea, sugar beet, sweet potato, soybean, groundnut, sunflower, and rapeseed) from 2046 to 2055, compared with 19962005. The values are the mean of three emission scenarios across five global climate models, assuming no CO2 fertilization (see note 54). Large negative yield impacts are projected in many areas that are highly dependent on agriculture

Drought potential worldwide 2000-2098

http://www2.ucar.edu/news/2904/climate-change-drought-may-threaten-much-globe-within-decades

UNCCD

Source : University Corporation for Atmospheric Research

UNCCD

Extreme Poverty
Increased

Food insecurity

& Hunger

Increased Water stress

emissions
of GHG

Biodiversity Loss

Instability & Deforestation far-reaching impacts Migrations DLDD has Crisis

The UNCCD
Environment & Development Convention with a focus on arid semi-arid & subhumid areas Entered into force on 26 December 1996 Ratified by 194 Parties 5 geographical Annexes (RAPs and SRAPs) 98 National Action Programmes (NAPs) 164 Affected Parties

Cependant, la CNULCD et les diverses actions qui lui sont lies, sont relativement peu relayes dans les media populaires et scientifiques, notamment du fait de labsence dun programme scientifique international ddi.
(in Science 316, 847 - 2007)

La stratgie dcennale et le cadre politique de la CNULCD

4

UNCCD

Mobiliser les ressources ncessaires par le biais de partenariats efficaces entre tous les acteurs

Gnrer des bnfices mondiaux 3

2
Amliorer ltat des cosystmes touchs

1
Amliorer les conditions de vie des populations touches

Eradication de la pauvret
Amliorer les modes de vie par des approches propauvres de gestion durable des terres et des eaux

Scurit alimentaire
Amlioration de la disponibilit en terre et de la fertilit des sols au coeur de toute stratgie de long terme
Nourrissez-moi pour que je vous nourrisse

Scheresse & Stress hydrique

Amliorer la disponibilit et la qualit de leau par la gestion durable des terres et des eaux

UNCCD

Changement climatique
La terre permet une relation gagnant-gagnant pour ladaptation, lattnuation et le renforcement de la rsilience

Biodiversit

SYNERGIES
Energies renouvelables

Prservation de la biodiversit travers lamlioration de la gestion des cosystmes

La GDT et la rhabilitation des terres comme une alternative la dforestation

Eviter les migrations Dforestation vite forces Le rle crucial des zones arides dans la Opportunits

durabilit du dveloppement mondial

dinvestissement pour les populations vivant dans les zones dgrades et alternatives au bois de feu.

Changer le modle Dgrader-AbandonnerMigrer

Lutte contre la dsertification

Quel rle pour la science?

United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification

Objectif Operationnel pour

Science Technologie & Connaissances

Faire autorit au niveau mondial dans le domaine des connaissances scientifiques et techniques concernant la dsertification/dgradation des terres et lattnuation des effets de la scheresse

CST: 6 Rsultats excompts

Suivi national des conditions bio-physiques et socioeconomiques et lanalyse de la vulnerabilite correspondante 2. Etablissement de base de rfrence constitue partir des donnes les plus fiables Mobiliser les connaissances pour la mise au point doutils daide la dcision au sujet : 3. Des facteurs biophysiques et socioconomiques et leurs interactions 4. Des interactions entre ladaptation aux changements climatiques, lattnuation de la scheresse et la remise en tat des terres dgrades 5. Des mcanismes efficaces de partage des connaissances tous les niveaux 6. Meilleure implication des rseaux et tablissements scientifiques et technologiques comptents
1.

UNCCD Scientific Conferences

In decision 13/COP.8, the COP decided that each future ordinary session of the CST should be organized in a predominantly scientific and technical

1st Scientific Conference: October 2009 "Biophysical and socio-economic monitoring and assessment of desertification and land degradation to support decision-making in land and water management" 2nd Scientific Conference: Autumn 2012 Economic assessment of desertification, sustainable land management and resilience of arid, semi-arid and dry sub-humid areas

UNCCD

Les 2+9 indicateurs dimpact de la CNULCD

Obligatoires
1.

Optionnels
1. 2.

Part de la population dans les zones touches qui vit au-dessus du seuil de pauvret Etat du couvert vgtal

3.

4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

2.

Disponiblit en eau par habitant dans les zones touches Changement dans lutilisation des terres Malnutrition infantile et/ou consommation de nourriture/apport calorique par habitant dans les zones touches Indice de dveloppement humain (IDH) Niveau de dgradation des terres (incluant la salinisation, rosions, etc.) Biodiversit vgtale et animale Indice daridit Stock de carbone en surface et en sous-sol Part des terres gre de faon durable

Quelle Autorit Scientifique

pour la CNULCD?
Existing New

Informal

Option 1 Use of Existing Networks

Option 2 New Network on DLDD

Option 3 Use of Existing Intergovernmental Scientific Advisory Mechanisms

Option 4 Establishment of an Intergovernmental Panel on Land & Soil

Formal

Lutte contre la Quelle interface politique? dsertification

(Comit charg de lexamen de la mise en uvre de la Convention)

Le CRIC

Les Annexes rgionales de

mise en uvre en de la CNULCD

United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification

Lutte contre la dsertification

Quel rle dans la protection des forts

United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification

Drylands &

Global Land Improvement

Improvement: Positive trends in climate adjusted sum NDVI (Cf. GLADA Report 2008)

Global Land Improvement has occurred mainly in Drylands but the gains are fragile particularly due to climaticDifference Vegetation Index (NDVI) shocks Normalized

Forest Landscape Restoration Opportunities

Des terres dboises, deux cinquimes offrent des possibilits de restauration (quelque 600 millions d'ha, sans compter les terres arables) Des terres dgrades, deux tiers offrent des possibilits de restauration (900 millions d'ha) Lagroforesterie est porteuse davenir pour les zones sches
http://www.wri.org/map/global-map-forest-landscape-restoration-opportunities

water-soil-forests

This trilogy has not entered into current political discourse for sustainable development. Hence, my key message today: There are competing claims on land resources for food, energy, urbanization, industries and so on and so forth: in this respect, risks to sustainability are likely to intensify. The protection of forests can only be achieved by addressing the drivers which cause deforestation; they are mainly about DLDD especially in developing countries. To preserve our forests and its biodiversity we must think and operate outside the box with consideration of the followings:

Operate outside the box

1st : Invest to prevent and reverse LD by improving soil productivity and reclaiming degraded lands. 2nd : Move towards quantitative target setting. Explore the possibility for setting sustainable development quantitative targets in addressing desertification/land degradation/deforestation. 3rd : Most of the developing countries economies are landbased and most of the worlds poor depend on the natural resources to make a living. PES schemes that incentivize land improvement are surely promising avenues to drive pro-poor green economies while alleviating poverty and ensuring sustainability. Rio+20: The sustainable development schemes/mechanisms including financial frameworks such as The Green Fund (in the making) should be built for such purpose

Towards Rio + 20
Land is the main asset of the poor, its degradation further entrenches them into poverty. Food security and poverty will continue to haunt this world for the decades to come. Addressing Desertification/Land degradation constitutes an avenue for success in this respect

Will Rio + 20 take action accordingly?

Addressing Drylands
1. 2. 3.

Specific Challenges
Climatic and ecological challenges that limit production Economic challenges: low investment, poor infrastructure and limited access to market Policy and institutional challenges: low national priority, poor land & natural resources governance, limited access to knowledge & information Socio-cultural aspects: nomadic lifestyles, demography, conflicts in some countries

4.

UNCCD

The Economics of DLDD

Message cl

Les causes et consquences de la dsertification sont de natures varies et en interaction complexe de sorte que sa connaissance ne peut-tre que systmique et multidisciplinaire. Cela relve de la climatologie, de la gographie, de lagriculture, de lcologie, mais aussi de la sociologie, de lconomie ou encore de la science politique. Des problmatiques telles que la protection de lenvironnement, la lutte contre la pauvret ou la scurit alimentaire sont en jeu et ncessitent une articulation entre savoir traditionnel, savoir scientifique et dcision politique. La CNULD se doit de faciliter le bon fonctionnement de cette articulation et den assurer le plaidoyer politique.

Operate outside the box

1st : Invest to prevent and reverse LD by improving soil productivity and reclaiming degraded lands. 2nd : Move towards quantitative target setting. Explore the possibility for setting sustainable development quantitative targets in addressing DLDD. Reduction in the total area affected by desertification/land degradation and drought Increase in net primary productivity in affected areas Increase in carbon stocks (soil and plant biomass) in affected areas Areas of forest, agricultural and aquaculture ecosystems under sustainable management 3rd : Most of the developing countries economies are land-based and most of the worlds poor depend on the natural resources to make a living. PES schemes that incentivize land improvement are surely promising avenues to drive pro-poor green economies while alleviating poverty and ensuring sustainability. Rio+20: The sustainable development schemes/mechanisms including financial frameworks such as The Green Fund (in the making) should be built for such purpose