Test 1

4 dx 2x2

Name:

Evaluate each of the following integrals: 1. x3

Solution. The denominator factors as x2 (x 2), so try the partial fraction decomposition A B 4 C = + 2+ 2) x x x2

x2 (x

(The rst term is needed because of the repeated root.) Clearing denominators, we have

4 = 0x2 + 0x + 4 = Ax(x 2) + B(x 2) + Cx2 = Ax2 2Ax + Bx 2B + Cx2 so we have the system of equations 0=A+C 0 = 2A + B 4 = 2B so B = 2, A = 1 and C = 1. Thus we integrate 1 2 2 1 dx = ln |x| + + ln |x 2| + C 2+ x x x2 x (Note that
1 x2

dx =

x2 dx =

x1 1

1 ) x

2.

sin1 x dx

As mentioned in class, integrating any inverse function is really an integration by parts in disguise: Solution 1. Let u = sin1 x and dv = dx. Then du = integral becomes
1 1x2

and v = x. The

x sin1 x

x dx = x sin1 x + 1 x2 + C 1 x2

The last integral above can be solved by making the u-substitution u = 1 x2 and du = 2x dx (or a trig sub). Solution 2. Let y = sin1 x. Then x = sin y and dx = cos y dy. Substituting in, the integral becomes y cos y dy = y sin y+cos y+C = sin1 xx+cos(sin1 x)+C = x sin1 x+ 1 x2 +C The rst step is a basic integration by parts and the last step comes from drawing a right triangle with one angle = sin1 x, labeling sides and nding cos .
e

3.
1

t ln t dt t dt. Then du = 1 , v = 2 t 2 t 3
3

Solution. Integrate by parts with u = ln t and dv = and the (indenite) integral becomes 2 3 2 t 2 ln t 3 3 t2
3

2 3 2 1 dt = t 2 ln t t 3 3 2 3 4 3 = t 2 ln t t 2 + C 3 9

t 2 dt

Plugging in the bounds, the denite integral is 4 3 2 4 2 3 4 2 3 ( e 2 ln e e 2 ) ( ln 1 ) = e 2 + 3 9 3 9 9 9 since ln e = 1 and ln 1 = 0.

4.
0

sin2 d

1 Solution. Use the identity sin2 = 2 (1 cos 2).

1 2

1 cos 2 d =
0

1 sin 2 2 2

1 ( 0) (0 0) = 2 2

5.

sec4 tan5 d

Solution 1. Let u = tan , so du = sec2 d. Rewrite the integral as sec2 tan5 sec2 d = = (u2 + 1)u5 du = u7 + u5 du = (tan2 + 1) tan5 sec2 d u8 u6 tan8 tan6 + +C = + +C 8 6 8 6

Solution 2. Let u = sec , so du = sec tan d. Rewrite the integral as sec3 tan4 sec tan d = = u3 (u2 1)2 du = = sec3 (sec2 1)2 sec tan d u7 2u5 + u3 du

u3 (u4 2u2 + 1) du =

sec8 sec6 sec4 u8 2u6 u4 + +C = + +C 8 6 4 8 3 4

6.

sin ecos d

Solution. Let u = cos , du = sin and sin ecos d = eu du = eu + C = ecos + C

x3 dx to a trig integral. Simplify 9 x2 as much as possible. Bonus: Complete the integral. 7. Make a trig substitution to convert Solution. Substitute x = 3 sin . Then dx = 3 cos d and the integral becomes 27 sin3 9 9 sin since
2

3 cos d =

27 sin3 3 cos d = 3 cos

27 sin3 d

9 9 sin2 = 3 1 sin2 = 3 cos2 = 3 cos .

Bonus Solution. Note that sin3 = sin2 sin = (1 cos2 ) sin and letting u = cos and du = sin d,

27

(1 cos2 ) sin = 27
9x2 3

1 u2 du = 27(

u3 u) + C = 9 cos3 27 cos + C 3

sin = x , so cos = 3 is

by drawing a right triangle. Plugging in, the integral

3 (9 x2 ) 2 9 9 x2 + C 3

8. After substituting x = 2 sec into +

f (x) dx, you have found that

f (x) dx =

1 cos(2) + C. Express this solution in terms of x. Simplify as much as possible. 2 Bonus: What is f (x)? Solution. sec = x so = sec1 ( x ). By drawing a right triangle, we nd that 2 2 2 2 2 2 4 8 cos = x and sin = xx4 . Thus cos 2 = cos2 sin2 = x2 x x4 = 8x = x2 1. 2 x2 1 8 1 Plugging these in, + 2 cos(2) + C = sec1 x + 1 x2 + 2 + C = 2 sec1 x + where C =
1 2

4 +C x2

+ C is a new arbitrary constant.

4 f (x) dx = sec1 x + x2 + C, so f (x) = d (sec1 dx

Bonus Solution. You know 2 4x )

x+

 1 x2 8 x2 1 x2 8 x2 1 = 8x3 = = x3 x x2 1 x3 x2 1 x3 x2 1