Galaxy In Universe In a universe of thousands of galaxies spread with a very large distance and large respectively as well.

Our galaxy, which is where our sun as a member, called the Milky Way. In English is called Milky Way. The diameter of the Milky Way galaxy 80,000 light years away (one light second = 300,000 km, which means that light propagating in one second and a distance of 300,000 km). The nearest galaxy with the Milky Way is the Magellan Clouds (Magellanic Clouds). The distance that the two galaxy light 160,000 years. In the universe there are thousands of galaxies spread. May the Lord step that the AllKnowing, how vast the universe. By mapping the haze of gas and bright main sequence stars (O stars and B) and by observing the direction and motion of a large number of O and B stars, as well as the distribution of rotational motion of the nebula and galaxies at various distances from its center, it can be concluded that the distribution of stars in we are a large disc-shaped galaxy that contains flattened about 100,000 light-years away and the sun is about 30,000 light years from the galactic center. Lamellar structure of this galaxy is caused by rotational motion and the sun moves around the center of our galaxy with a speed of 250 km / s and with a period 200 million years. The main part of the galaxy composed of stars that form a relatively flat disc with cembungan at its center called the nucleus of the galaxy. The stars in this galaxy's core distance is close to one another. Extends out from the core there is disk like a spiral galaxy that churned out from the galactic core called the spiral arms. Figure 1 shows a chart of the Milky Way galaxy 100,000 light-years in diameter and the sun is at one of the spiral arms in the position of 30 000 light years from the galactic center. Spiral arm is made up of cosmic clouds of gas and dust that many called the interstellar medium. Along with gas and dust clouds have a lot of young stars, some of which are very hot and very bright. In a cloud of interstellar gas and dust in spiral arms is still the formation of new stars. Besides, the galaxy contains numerous star clusters (star cluster), a group of stars that may have the same origin and age. There are two types of star clusters namely open clusters and globular clusters. The most common and the number of thousands is an open group or also with a group called galaktika, which usually consists of several hundred stars that are not so strongly bound together by gravity in space. Open cluster is located on the main disk galaxy and usually located in or near spiral arms. Globular clusters form a system of hundreds of speroidal layering this dish, and each cluster contains hundreds of thousands of stars. Besides that there are not any stars to be members of the group, but the number far exceeds the star cluster and the entire region is at the star cluster. Any stars and star clusters form a so-called halo galaktika. Hello This volume covers an area which exceeds several times larger than the main disk galaxy. Galaktika radio emission suggests that the halo contains gas, and the x-ray radiation from the gas. This indicates that the gas is very hot in the order of 106 K. This hot gas extends only to the inside of this halo called the corona and galactic.

The closer towards the galactic core, especially near the middle core cembungan disk galaxies, stars and star clusters of the halo is more tightly than in areas far from the galactic core. Halo has a thickness of at least 100 000 TC, and even in the direction of the galactic plane in diameter can be up to two or three hundred thousand light years, and extends far beyond the circumference of the main disk galaxy. among the stars of its members. Types of Galaxies Galaxy, as with other objects in the universe has the size, shape, mass, and luminosity that varies. There are three forms of bentul spiral galaxies, elliptical, and irregular shape, but most of the three is the type of spiral and elliptical. a. Spiral Galaxy One example is a spiral galaxy of our Milky Way galaxy. This spiral galaxy consists of core, disc, halo, and the spiral arms. The material in the form of interstellar gas and dust clouds are generally found in the spiral arms of galaxies. Also often seen the bright nebula and the absorption of light by interstellar dust. Spiral arms contain young blue stars, including giants very bright. Open star cluster can be seen in the nearest spiral arm, and most of the globular clusters seen in the halo. Spiral galaxy contains many young stars and old stars. In addition to the Milky Way galaxy and Andromeda galaxy, some other spiral galaxies are prominent among: other galaxies and galaxy M.51 M.33. A small spiral galaxy appeared as a rotating shaft through the core, and a new spiralshaped arm starting at the end of the rod. Therefore this type of galaxy spiral galaxy called the stem. This spiral stem sometimes contain interstellar matter and young stars. Diameter spiral galaxies between 20,000 and 100,000 light years and hello stretches far greater than the diameter piringannya. The period of spiral galaxies between 109 to 1012 solar masses. b. Elliptical galaxy More than two thirds of the galaxy stood out in the skies is included in the spiral galaxy. But in fact most of the galaxies in this universe of space luminositasnya relatively low, so that is not visible from a distance is very large. Most dwarf galaxies are classified as type elliptical galaxy.Furthermore, many star clusters mainly contained in these elliptical galaxies. So in fact an elliptical galaxy is far more than any other type spiral galaxies. Elliptical galaxy is speris or ellipsoidal system which consists almost entirely of old stars.Elliptical galaxies are more like the core and halo components of spiral galaxies. There is no bright nebula found in this elliptical galaxy. Most stars are concentrated toward its center, while the more spread out very rarely extends over very large distances so it is not clearly defined in space. That is why it is difficult to determine the size of this elliptical galaxy. Elliptical galaxies form does not indicate that the disk-shaped galaxy is rotating slowly, not as fast as the rotation of spiral galaxies. Elliptical galaxies have a size, mass, and luminositasnya in a much larger range of spiral galaxies. For example galaxy M.87, luminositasnya larger than the known spiral galaxy, such as the Andromeda galaxy. Likewise, the mass can reach the 1013 solar masses. But the galaxy Leo II, is a dwarf elliptical galaxy with a luminosity of about 106 luminosity of the Sun and its diameter is about 5000 light years. Ni galaxy about 750,000 light-years away. Star Populations in the Galaxy Stars as the object in this universe has different characteristics such as size, shape, mass, luminosity, and age. There is a relationship between the characteristics of stars with a

place in the galaxy. Young star around the age of several million years, illuminates the spiral arms of our galaxy. These stars are stars that are brighter and the blue group occupies in the main sequence. Strong radiation of interstellar gas clouds shining such as fog Horse Head (horsehead Nebula). Half stars age, around the age of several billion years, evenly distributed throughout the disc, while old stars, with age more than 10 billion years, scattered around the disk which appears in the halo and core regions (the galactic center region). Of the stars that make up this galaxy, about half of a double star system (binary) or a star system where two or more stars there are in a mutually orbiting systems caused by traction grafitasinya. Many stars are also bound together by gravity that form clusters (clusters) that contain hundreds of thousands of stars in the region of hundreds of light years or more. Our galaxy alone contains 400 billion stars with a range of about 100,000 light years. Giant all-star who is very bright, and main sequence stars with high luminosity (classes O and B) and type I Chepeid stars contained in the region of interstellar matter in the spiral arms of galaxies. Medium types of other stars has nothing to do with his place in the galaxy, such as planetary nebulae, nova, Chepeid type II, Lyrae variable stars, and globular clusters. Main sequence star class F and M, as well as red giants and white dwarfs are in all parts of the galaxy. Similarly, chemical composition, there is a difference of stars whose position is different in the galaxy. Sun and other stars are related to the interstellar matter of the spiral arms have heavy elements of about 1-4% of the total mass of stars. Medium galaktika halo stars and globular clusters, has a heavy element is much less about 0.1 to 0.01 of the sun. The stars that inhabit the spiral arms is often said to include population I, while the other is in place in the galaxy is said to include population II. Population I consists of stars with different ages, including a new star or who is undergoing formation. Medium population II consists entirely of old stars, maybe even the formation of our galaxy's age. Structure Of Universe Our universe is estimated around 15 billion years old. The contents of the universe that has been observed, in the form: 1. The material appears, Consisting of celestial bodies that produce light or reflect light so that we can observe its positions. The structure of celestial bodies from small to large are as follows: - Sun, stars, planets, moon, asteroid, etc. - The solar system - Galaxy - Cluster of galaxies 2. Dark matter (dark mater) Consisting of celestial bodies that supermassive, which collapsed due to gravity becomes so massive but gravity is so great that all ingested material would not even light can escape from the pull. As a result the material can not be seen its existence, except from the effect of gravity. It was called black holes (black holes) Although dark matter does not seem precisely to fill most of the universe. According to the present can be observed covering 90% of the material universe contains dark matter. At

the center of our Milky Way galaxy there is a huge black hole. Solar system (solar system) The solar system is a system of planets orbit around one or more stars. Center of our solar system orbit / orbit is the sun, which is also the center of the mass concentration of the solar system. Sun / stars: celestial body that produce radiation / light. This light is out of the fusion reaction, which gives energy to defend it from the pull of gravity so it does not collapse. When a star runs out of fuel, it will collapse into a white dwarf star (white drawf), or a neutron star, or even a black hole, depending on its mass. The collapse of a major star into a black hole. Star closest to our solar system is Proxima Centauri, which is about 4 light-years (Year of light is the distance light travels in one year. So if 1 second distance 300 000 km, then 1 year of light about 10 trillion km) Planet: Things that do not produce light space, which surrounds the star. In our solar system there are 9 planets, each in sequence away from the sun: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Pluto. Moon / satellites: as a planet, he's just around the planet. Our Earth has one satellite per month. Asteroids, comets, meteroid, small planet: small celestial body that hovered. There are a lot of asteroids between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter. The sun represents 99.85% of the entire solar system material. The planets, around the sub containing 0135%. Which is the largest planet Jupiter has more than 2 times more than whole other planet when combined. Satellite planets, comets, asteroids, meteoroids, and interplanetary medium containing 0015%. Then list the mass distribution of our solar system: Sun: 99.85% Planets: 0135% Comets: 0.01%? Satellites: 0.00005% Minor Planets: 0.0000002%? Meteoroids: 0.0000001%? Interplanetary Medium: 0.0000001% Galaxy Galaxies are clusters of billions of stars. Usually about 100 billion stars. Galaxies have different shapes such as spirals, discs, elliptical or irregular. Galaxy where our solar is the Milky Way galaxy (milky way). The number of galaxies in the universe is now estimated at about 100 billion galaxies.

Milky Way galaxy, where our solar system, a disk-shaped galaxy. The distance between the edges of the disc is about 100 million light years. Our galaxy has two parts: - The core: in the middle, shaped like a ball with a diameter, contains about 80 billion stars, and estimated that there are very large black hole mass - The edge: contains about 20 billion stars. The solar system is located at the edge of this disc somewhat. Other galaxies is the famous Andromeda galaxy, and galaxies Magelhan Clusters And Supercluster Some nearby galaxy formation, called Cluster. Cluster place called Local Groupyang Milky Way contains about 30 galaxies. These clusters also form a supercluster. Supercluster where our Milky Way is the Local supercluster, the Virgo Cluster orbit center