Ta

able of Con
ntents
W TO USE TH
HIS GUIDE................................................................ ......................................................12
HOW
RULE
ES..................................................................................................... ......................................................12
PART
T I BASIC .................................................................................... ......................................................13
1.

BASIC ENG
GLISH SENT
TENCE STRU
UCTURE ...................................................................................14
Subject.........
S
..................................................................................... ......................................................14
..................................................................................... ......................................................15
Verb.............
V
(Object)....................................................................... ......................................................15
Complement
C
Modifier
M
............................................................................................ ......................................................16
Exercise
E
1: Id
dentifying Sub
bject, Verb, Complement
C
aand Modifier ......................................................16

2.

NOUNS ...............................................................................................................................................18
The
T Noun Phrrase.............................................................................. ......................................................18
Count
C
and No
on-Count Nou
uns........................................................... ......................................................18
Exercise
E
2: Id
dentifying Cou
unt and Non-Count Nounss.................... ......................................................19
Articles:
A
A An
nd An........................................................................... ......................................................20
Articles:
A
The..................................................................................... ......................................................20
Exercise
E
3: Using
U
Articles................................................................ ......................................................22
Other
O
/ Anoth
her................................................................................. ......................................................23
Exercise
E
4: Using
U
Other / Another........
A
........................................... ......................................................23
Determiners
D
of
o Quantity................................................................... ......................................................25
Exercise
E
5: Determining Quantity.........
Q
........................................... ......................................................26
Collective
C
No
ouns.............................................................................. ......................................................27
Nouns
N
That Are
A Always Pllural......................................................... ......................................................27
Nouns
N
That Function
F
As Adjectives
A
................................................. ......................................................27

3.

VERBS ................................................................................................................................................28
Regular
R
Verb Conjugation Chart...................................................... ......................................................28
Verb
V
Tense Usage
U
Chart................................................................... ......................................................29
Present
P
Simplle.................................................................................. ......................................................29

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UltimateGMATGrammar
Present
P
Continuous (Progressive)..................................................... ......................................................30
Present
P
Perfecct.................................................................................. ......................................................31
Exercise
E
6: Using
U
the Preseent Tense Forrms of Verbs .................... ......................................................31
Past
P Simple....................................................................................... ......................................................32
Past
P Continuo
ous (Progressiive).......................................................... ......................................................32
Past
P Perfect....................................................................................... ......................................................34
Exercise
E
7: Using
U
the Past Tense Formss of Verbs........................... ......................................................36
Future
F
Simplee................................................................................... ......................................................36
Future
F
Contin
nuous (Progreessive)...................................................... ......................................................37
Future
F
Perfect................................................................................... ......................................................37
..................... ......................................................38
Exercise
E
8: Using
U
the Futu
ure Tense of Verbs.............
V
..................... ......................................................38
The
T Perfect Continuous
C
(Progressive) Tense.............
T
Present
P
Perfecct Continuouss (Progressivee)....................................... ......................................................39
Past
P Perfect Continuous
C
(P
Progressive)............................................. ......................................................40
Future
F
Perfect Continuous (Progressive)......................................... ......................................................41
Exercise
E
9: Using
U
the Perfeect Continuou
us Tense of V
Verbs...................................................................41
4.

LINKING VERBS
V
..............................................................................................................................42

5.

CONTINUO
OUS VERSUS
US NON-CON
NTINUOUS VE
ERBS .................................................................43
Non-Continuo
N
ous Verbs..................................................................... ......................................................43
Mixed
M
Verb Forms...........
F
................................................................ ......................................................44

6.

COMMON
N DISTINGUIS
ISHMENTS ...................................................................................................46
There
T
+ Be........................................................................................ ......................................................46
Beginning
B
a Sentence
S
with
h Here or There....................................... ......................................................46
Say
S / Tell........................................................................................... ......................................................47
Exercise
E
10: Using
U
Say and
d Tell....................................................... ......................................................48
Know
K
/ Know
w How............................................................................ ......................................................48
Exercise
E
11: Using
U
Know and
a Know Ho
ow....................................... ......................................................48
Need
N
/ In Neeed Of............................................................................. ......................................................49

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Exercise
E
12: Using
U
Need.................................................................. ......................................................50
Like
L / As............................................................................................ ......................................................50
Exercise
E
13: Using
U
Like / As
A ............................................................. ......................................................51
Between/Am
B
mong............................................................................. ......................................................52
Exercise
E
14: Using
U
Betweeen / Among............................................... ......................................................53
7.

PROPER USE
U OF PROB
OBLEM VERB
BS .............................................................................................54
Exercise
E
15: Using
U
Raise/R
Rise, Set/Sit and Lay/Lie......................... ......................................................54

8.

SUBJECT//VERB AGREE
EEMENT & PL
LACEMENT............................................................................55
Exercise
E
16: Subject/Verb
S
Agreement............................................. ......................................................56

9.

PRONOUN
NS ......................................................................................................................................57
Subject
S
Prono
ouns.............................................................................. ......................................................57
(Object) Pron
Comparative
C
nouns....................................................... ......................................................58
Possessive
P
Pronouns......................................................................... ......................................................59
Possessive
P
Ad
djectives....................................................................... ......................................................59
Reflective
R
Pro
onouns......................................................................... ......................................................60
Exercise
E
17: Using
U
Pronou
uns............................................................ ......................................................61
Pronouns
P
in Apposition....
A
................................................................ ......................................................62
Indefinite
I
Pro
onouns.......................................................................... ......................................................62

10. QUESTION
NS ......................................................................................................................................64
Yes/No
Y
Questtions............................................................................. ......................................................64
Informative
I
Questions......
Q
................................................................ ......................................................64
Embedded
E
Qu
uestions........................................................................ ......................................................65
Exercise
E
18: Creating
C
Emb
bedded Questiions................................... ......................................................66
Tag
T Questions................................................................................... ......................................................66
Exercise
E
19: Creating
C
Tag Questions............................................... ......................................................67
11. ADJECTIV
VES AND ADV
VERBS .........................................................................................................68
Adjectives
A
......................................................................................... ......................................................68
..................................................................................... ......................................................68
Adverbs.......
A

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UltimateGMATGrammar
Exercise
E
20: Using
U
Adjectiives and Adverbs................................... ......................................................70
12. COORDINA
NATING CONJ
NJUNCTIONS
S: PART I .................................................................................71
Parallel
P
Structure.............................................................................. ......................................................71
Exercise
E
21: Using
U
Conjun
nctions in Parallel Structurre........................................................................72
13. PREPOSIT
TIONS AND PREPOSITIO
P
ONAL PHRASE
SES ......................................................................73
Exercise
E
22: Identifying
I
Prrepositions an
nd Objects off Prepositions ......................................................74
14. COMPARIS
ISONS ................................................................................................................................75
Equal
E
Compaarisons........................................................................... ......................................................75
Unequal
U
Com
mparisons...................................................................... ......................................................76
Positives,
P
Com
mparatives an
nd Superlativees....................................... ......................................................77
Irregular
I
Com
mparatives and
d Superlatives........................................ ......................................................78
Numbered
N
Co
omparatives.................................................................. ......................................................78
Double
D
Comp
paratives....................................................................... ......................................................79
No
N Sooner......................................................................................... ......................................................79
Exercise
E
23: Using
U
Compaarisons...................................................... ......................................................79
Exercise
E
24: Using
U
Compaarisons: Than,, As, From......................... ......................................................80
15. COMMAND
DS .....................................................................................................................................81
Negative
N
Com
mmands........................................................................ ......................................................81
Indirect
I
Comm
mands.......................................................................... ......................................................81
Negative
N
Indiirect Comman
nds........................................................... ......................................................81
16. NEGATION
N PART I - USING NOT
T................................................................................................82
None
N
/ No.......................................................................................... ......................................................82
Some
S
/ Any........................................................................................ ......................................................82
Either
E
/ Neither................................................................................. ......................................................83
17. DOUBLE NEGATIVES
N
.....................................................................................................................83
Exercise
E
25: Avoiding
A
Dou
uble Negativees....................................... ......................................................83
Practiice Test 1.......................................................................................... ......................................................84
PART
T II: INTER
RMEDIATE.............................................................................................................101

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NATING CONJ
NJUNCTIONS
S: PART II ..............................................................................102
18. COORDINA
Correlative
C
(P
Paired) Conju
unctions.................................................... ....................................................102
Combining
C
In
ndependent Clauses with Coordinating
C
C
Conjunctions....................................................102
Subordinating
S
g Conjunction
ns (Which Co
onnect Adverbb Clauses)........................................................103
19. RELATIVE
E CLAUSES .....................................................................................................................104
Relative
R
Pron
nouns............................................................................. ....................................................104
Who
W / Whom / Whose........................................................................ ....................................................105
..................... ....................................................106
Restrictive
R
an
nd Nonrestricttive Clauses.......................
.
Adjective
A
Claause Pronounss Used as the Subject............................. ....................................................107
..................... ....................................................107
Exercise
E
26: Creating
C
Relaative Clauses......................
.
20. GERUNDS
S AND INFIN
NITIVES .......................................................................................................109
Gerunds
G
as Su
ubjects.......................................................................... ....................................................109
Noun
N
+ Prepo
osition Follow
wed by a Geru
und..................................... ....................................................109
Verbs
V
Alwayss Followed by
y a Gerund............................................... ....................................................110
..................... ....................................................110
Adjective
A
+ Preposition
P
Fo
ollowed by a Gerund.........
G
..................... ....................................................111
Pronouns
P
befo
ore a Gerund or Infinitive......................
.
Verbs
V
Alwayss Followed by
y an Infinitivee......................................... ....................................................112
Adjectives
A
Fo
ollowed by an
n Infinitive............................................... ....................................................112
Exercise
E
27: Using
U
Gerund
ds and Infinitiives.................................... ....................................................113
21. CAUSATIV
VE VERBS .......................................................................................................................114
Have
H
/ Get......................................................................................... ....................................................114
..................................................................................... ....................................................115
Make............
M
Let
L / Help Verbs
V
often co
onsidered Cau
usative............................... ....................................................116
Exercise
E
28: Using
U
Causatiive Verbs................................................ ....................................................117
22. AFFIRMAT
TIVE AGREE
EMENT (SO / TOO) ....................................................................................118
Exercise
E
29: Using
U
Affirm
mative Agreem
ment.................................... ....................................................119
23. NEGATION
N PART II ....................................................................................................................120
Hardly,
H
Barelly, Rarely, Seldom, Etc................................................ ....................................................120

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UltimateGMATGrammar
24. MODAL AU
UXILIARY VE
ERBS ..........................................................................................................121
................................................................ ....................................................122
Negation
N
of Modals..........
M
Forming
F
Quesstions with Modals...........
M
........................................... ....................................................122
Exercise
E
30: Using
U
Modalss............................................................... ....................................................122
Conditional
C
Sentences......
S
................................................................ ....................................................123
Real
R Conditio
ons (Possibly True)...................................................... ....................................................124
Unreal
U
Conditions (Not Trrue).......................................................... ....................................................125
Exercise
E
31: Using
U
Real an
nd Unreal Con
nditionals.......................... ....................................................126
Whether
W
/ If....................................................................................... ....................................................127
25. CAUSE CO
ONNECTORS
S ..................................................................................................................128
Because
B
/ Beccause Of....................................................................... ....................................................128
Exercise
E
32: Using
U
Becausse /Because Of
O ........................................ ....................................................129
Purpose
P
and Result
R
(So That)........................................................... ....................................................129
Cause
C
and Eff
ffect (So, Such
h)............................................................. ....................................................130
Exercise
E
33: Using
U
So / Su
uch........................................................... ....................................................131
Practiice Test 2.......................................................................................... ....................................................132
PART
T III: ADVA
ANCED....................................................................................................................149
26. MODAL AU
UXILIARY VE
ERBS PART
T II.........................................................................................150
Must.............
M
..................................................................................... ....................................................150
Have
H
To............................................................................................ ....................................................150
Used
U
To............................................................................................. ....................................................151
Exercise
E
34: Using
U
Used To..................
T
........................................... ....................................................151
Would
W
Like........................................................................................ ....................................................152
Would
W
Ratherr.................................................................................... ....................................................152
Exercise
E
35: Using
U
Would Rather.................................................... ....................................................154
As
A If / As Though.............................................................................. ....................................................155
Hope
H
/ Wish...................................................................................... ....................................................156
Exercise
E
36: Using
U
Wish / Hope
H
....................................................... ....................................................158

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P
(PE
ERFECTIVE) ........................................................................159
27. MODAL + PRESENT PERFECT
Could
C
/ May / Might + Pressent Perfect (Perfective)........................ ....................................................159
Should
S
+ Pressent Perfect (P
Perfective)............................................... ....................................................159
Must
M + Past Perfect
P
(Perfecctive)....................................................... ....................................................160
Exercise
E
37: Using
U
Should
d / Must.................................................... ....................................................160
28. PASSIVE VOICE
V
.............................................................................................................................161
Exercise
E
38: Passive
P
Voicee............................................................... ....................................................164
29. OTHER US
SES OF THAT
T .................................................................................................................165
Optional
O
Thatt.................................................................................... ....................................................165
Obligatory
O
Th
hat................................................................................ ....................................................165
That
T
with Nou
un Phrase Claauses........................................................ ....................................................165
30. ENOUGH WITH NOUN
NS, ADJECTIIVES AND AV
VERBS ..............................................................166
Exercise
E
39: Using
U
Enough
h.............................................................. ....................................................166
31. SUBJUNCT
TIVE ...............................................................................................................................167
Exercise
E
40: Using
U
Subjun
nctives...................................................... ....................................................168
32. INCLUSIVE
VES ...................................................................................................................................169
Not
N Only. . .B
But Also......................................................................... ....................................................169
Both
B
. . .And...................................................................................... ....................................................170
As
A Well As......................................................................................... ....................................................170
Exercise
E
41: Using
U
Inclusiv
ves.......................................................... ....................................................171
33. CLAUSES OF CONCES
SSION .........................................................................................................172
Despite
D
/ In Spite
Sp Of......................................................................... ....................................................172
Although
A
/ Evven Though / Though
T
.................................................... ....................................................172
Exercise
E
42: Using
U
Clauses of Concessiion...................................... ....................................................173
34. VAGUE PR
RONOUN RE
EFERENCES ...............................................................................................174
Exercise
E
43: Identifying
I
Vague Pronoun
n References...................... ....................................................175
35. DANGLING
G MODIFIER
RS ...............................................................................................................177
Exercise
E
44: Correcting
C
Seentences with Dangling Moodifiers.............................................................177

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UltimateGMATGrammar
36. SENTENCE
E FRAGMEN
NTS ..............................................................................................................179
S
....................................................................................................................180
37. RUN-ON SENTENCES
Practiice Test 3.......................................................................................... ....................................................181
PART
T IV: PUNCTUATION.................................................................. ....................................................197
38. APOSTROP
PHE ................................................................................................................................198
Possession
P
......................................................................................... ....................................................198
Contractions
C
...................................................................................... ....................................................198
39. COMMA ...........................................................................................................................................199
40. SEMICOLO
ON...................................................................................................................................202
41. COLON .............................................................................................................................................203
42. DASH ................................................................................................................................................203
43. HYPHEN ..........................................................................................................................................204
Practiice Test 4.......................................................................................... ....................................................208
PART
T V: REFER
RENCE........................................................................ ....................................................241
1.

LIST OF COMMON
C
PR
REPOSITIONS
NS ............................................................................................242

2.

LIST OF IR
RREGULAR VERBS
V
........................................................................................................243

3.

LIST OF COMMON
C
AM
MERICAN IDIIOMS .....................................................................................244

4.

LIST OF COMMONLY
C
MISUSED/CO
M
ONFUSED W
WORDS.............................................................248

T VI: ANSWE
ERS TO EXE
ERCISES................................................. ....................................................251
PART

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