Microprocessors Lab

Mohan Kumar S Dept. of ISE

M.S.Ramaiah Institute Technology Department of Information science & Engineering M.S.Ramaiah Nagar, Bangalore

Prepared and presented by Mohan Kumar S, B.E. M.Tech Department of Information Science & Engineering M.S.Ramaiah Institute of Technology Bangalore. Subject: Microprocessor Lab Programs ISE43 4th Semester

Contents
1. Part A 2. Part B

1. Search a key element in a list of n numbers using the Binary Search algorithm assume cs:code,ds:data data segment a db 10h,20h,30h,40h,50h ; Sorting only bytes. Try for words also. n db n-a key db 20h msg1 db "key not found$" msg2 db "key found at position: " pos db ?,"$" ; msg2 continues till here!!! data ends code segment start: mov ax,data mov ds,ax mov al,0 mov dl,n dec dl again: ; low ; high Page 1 of 20

by - 4th sem students of Information Science and Engineering Feb 2009

Microprocessors Lab cmp al,dl ja failed mov cl,al add al,dl shr al,1 mov ah,00h mov si,ax mov bl,[si] cmp bl,key jae loc1 inc al jmp again loc1: je success dec al mov dl,al mov al,cl jmp again failed: lea dx,msg1 jmp display success: inc al add al,30h mov pos,al lea dx,msg2 display: mov ah,9 int 21h mov ah,4ch int 21h code ends end start ; [mid] = key ? ; no, high = mid 1, to search in first half

Mohan Kumar S Dept. of ISE

; mid

; [mid] in bl ; [mid] >= key ? ; no, low = mid+1, to search in second half

; key not found

; store ASCII value at pos. guess why ????

2) Sort a given set of n numbers in ascending and descending order using the Bubble Sort algorithm Assume cs:code,ds:data data segment x db 10h,05h,03h,15h,01h n dw n-x data ends code segment start:

; bytes again, try urself for words

by - 4th sem students of Information Science and Engineering Feb 2009

Page 2 of 20

Microprocessors Lab mov ax,data mov ds,ax mov bx,n dec bx next_pass: mov cx,bx mov ah,00 lea si,x next_comp: mov al,[si] cmp al,[si+1] jle do_nothing xchg al,[si+1] mov [si],al mov ah,1 do_nothing: inc si loop next_comp cmp ah, 0 je finish dec bx jnz next_pass finish: mov ah,4ch int 21h code ends end start

Mohan Kumar S Dept. of ISE

; no. of passes required ; no. of comparisons in a pass = no. of passes remaining including that pass ; a flag, guess why?

; I think an efficient sort, what do you say?

3)Reverse a given string and check whether it is a palindrome or not.

assume cs:code,ds:data data segment str1 db 'madam' n dw n str str2 db 5 dup(?) msg1 db "pallindrome$" msg2 db "not a palindrome$" data ends code segment start: mov ax,data mov ds,ax mov es,ax ; please observe this !!!!!! mov cx,n
by - 4th sem students of Information Science and Engineering Feb 2009

Page 3 of 20

Microprocessors Lab lea si,n dec si lea di,str2 nextchar:mov al,[si] mov [di],al dec si inc di loop nextchar lea si,str1 lea di,str2 cld ; so that si and di will be incremented mov cx,n rep cmpsb jnz unsuccess lea dx,msg1 jmp disp unsuccess:lea dx,msg2

Mohan Kumar S Dept. of ISE

; a simple trick to make si pointing to last character of main string

disp:mov ah,9h int 21h mov ah,07h int 21h code ends end start

4) Read two strings, store them in locations STR1 and STR2 . Check whether they are equal or not and display appropriated messages. Also display the length of the stored strings. disp macro msg lea dx,msg mov ah,09h int 21h endm assume cs:code,ds:data data segment str1 db 100 dup(?) str2 db 100 dup(?) msg1 db "Enter 1st string : $" msg2 db 0ah,0dh,"The length of 1st string is : "
by - 4th sem students of Information Science and Engineering Feb 2009

Page 4 of 20

Microprocessors Lab len1 db ?,"$" msg3 db 0ah,0dh,"Enter 2nd string : $" msg4 db 0ah,0dh,"The length of 2nd string is : " len2 db ?,"$" msg5 db 0ah,0dh,"The 2 stings are equal$" msg6 db 0ah,0dh,"The 2 stings are not equal$" data ends code segment start: mov ax,data mov ds,ax mov es,ax disp msg1 lea si,str1 mov cl,00h next_char: mov ah,01h int 21h cmp al,0dh je next_string mov [si],al inc si inc cl jmp next_char next_string: add cl,30h mov len1,cl

Mohan Kumar S Dept. of ISE

; to hold length

; am I done with entering string? ; yes, go to read next string ; no, store the character at [si] and read next character

; to display length, ASCII value is needed ; so, I can read strings of max. length 9 only, is it OK?

disp msg3 lea si,str2 mov cl,00h next_char1: mov ah,01h int 21h cmp al,0dh je disp_length mov [si],al inc si inc cl jmp next_char1
by - 4th sem students of Information Science and Engineering Feb 2009

Page 5 of 20

Microprocessors Lab disp_length: add cl,30h mov len2,cl disp msg2 disp msg4 cmp len1,cl jne not_equal lea si,str1 lea di,str2 cld sub cl,30h rep cmpsb jnz not_equal disp msg5 jmp exit not_equal: disp msg6 exit: mov ah,4ch int 21h code ends end start 5) Compute the factorial of a positive integer n using recursive procedure. assume cs:code,ds:data data segment n db 5 res db ? data ends code segment start: mov ax,data mov ds,ax mov al,n call fact mov ah,4ch int 21h fact proc cmp al,00 je cal push ax dec al call fact
by - 4th sem students of Information Science and Engineering Feb 2009

Mohan Kumar S Dept. of ISE

Page 6 of 20

Microprocessors Lab pop ax mul res mov res,al ret cal: mov res,01 ret fact endp code ends end start

Mohan Kumar S Dept. of ISE

; after first return ie. from cal label, control comes here not to main program

6) Compute nCr using recursive procedure. Assume that n and r are non-negative integers. Recurcive procedure: if r = 0 and r = n then nCr = 1 Else if r = 1 and r = n 1, then nCr = n Else nCr = n-1Cr + n-1Cr-1 assume cs:code,ds:data data segment n db 5 r db 5 res db ? data ends code segment start: mov ax,data mov ds,ax mov al,n mov bl,r call encear mov ah,4ch int 21h encear proc cmp bl,00 je ncr_1 cmp bl,al je ncr_1 cmp bl,01 je ncr_n
by - 4th sem students of Information Science and Engineering Feb 2009

Page 7 of 20

Microprocessors Lab dec al cmp bl,al je ncr_n_1 push ax push bx call encear pop bx pop ax dec bl push ax push bx call encear pop bx pop ax ret ncr_1: mov res,01 ret ncr_n_1: inc al ncr_n: add res,al ret encear endp code ends end start 7) Generate the first n Fibonacci numbers Assume cs:code,ds:data Data segment Fibo db 10 dup(?) N db 0ah Data ends Code segment Start: mov ax, data mov ds, ax lea si, fibo
by - 4 sem students of Information Science and Engineering Feb 2009
th

Mohan Kumar S Dept. of ISE

; no. of Fibonacci numbers to be genetared

Page 8 of 20

Microprocessors Lab mov al, 00h mov [si], al inc si mov bl, 01h mov [si], bl inc si mov cl, n sub cl,2 mov ch, 00 ; fib(n-2)

Mohan Kumar S Dept. of ISE

; fib(n-1)

; already two numbers generated and stored ; so that I can use loop instruction

next:number: add al, bl ; fib(n) = fib(n-1) + fib(n-2) mov [si], al in si xchg al, bl ; al suppose to contain fib(n-2) but it has fib(n-1), so exchange with bl loop next_number mov ah,4ch int 21h code ends end start

Part B
1. Read the status of eight input bits from the Logic Controller Interface and display FF if it is even parity bits otherwise display 00. Also display number of 1s in the input data. assume cs:code,ds:data data segment pa equ 44A0h pb equ 44A1h pc equ 44A2h cr equ 44A3h msg db "No. of 1's : " ones db ?,"$" data ends code segment start: mov ax,data mov ds,ax mov dx,cr mov al,82h out dx,al

; could be different elsewhere

; PA output & PB input Page 9 of 20

by - 4th sem students of Information Science and Engineering Feb 2009

Microprocessors Lab mov dx,pb in al,dx mov cx,8 mov ah,00 rot_again: ror al,1 jnc next inc ah next: loop rot_again mov bl,ah add ah,30h mov ones,ah lea dx,msg mov ah,09h int 21h mov al,00h ror bl,1 jc disp mov al,0ffh disp: mov dx,pa out dx,al mov ah,4ch int 21h code ends end start

Mohan Kumar S Dept. of ISE

; read from PB

; [ah] = no. of 1s

; store ASCII value of [ah]

; to check odd or even no of ones

2 ) Read the status of two 8-bits input (X & Y) from the logic Controller interface and display X*Y. assume cs:code,ds:data data segment pa equ 44A0h pb equ 44A1h pc equ 44A2h cr equ 44A3h msg1 db "Read 1st num from the port followed by carriage return$ msg2 db 0ah,0dh,"Read 2nd num from the port followed by carriage return$ data ends code segment by - 4th sem students of Information Science and Engineering Feb 2009 Page 10 of 20

Microprocessors Lab start: mov ax,data mov ds,ax lea dx,msg1 mov ah,09h int 21h mov ah,07 int 21h mov dx,pb in al,dx mov bl,al lea dx,msg2 mov ah,09h int 21h mov ah,7 int 21h mov dx,pb in al,dx mul bl mov dx,pa out dx,al mov al,ah mov dx,pc out dx,al mov ah,4ch int 21h code ends end start ; thanx for waiting, I can change the input now ; how do I change input if you wont wait?

Mohan Kumar S Dept. of ISE

3) Drive a Stepper Motor interface to rotate the motor in clockwise direction by N steps (N specified by the examiner). Introduce suitable delay between successive steps. (Any arbitrary value for the delay may be assumes by the student).
by - 4th sem students of Information Science and Engineering Feb 2009

Page 11 of 20

Microprocessors Lab assume cs:code,ds:data data segment pa equ 44A0h pb equ 44A1h pc equ 44A2h cr equ 44A3h data ends code segment start: mov ax,data mov ds,ax mov dx,cr mov al,80h out dx,al ;mov cx,64h (or) mov cx,100d(for 180 degrees rotation 180/1.8) ;mov cx,32h (or) mov cx,50d(for 90 degrees rotation 90/1.8) mov cx,64h mov al,77h mov dx,pc rot_clock: out dx,al ror al,1 call delay loop rot_clock mov ah,4ch int 21h delay proc mov bx,02fffh l2: mov di,0ffffh l1: dec di jnz l1 dec bx jnz l2 ret delay endp code ends end start

Mohan Kumar S Dept. of ISE

by - 4th sem students of Information Science and Engineering Feb 2009

Page 12 of 20

Microprocessors Lab

Mohan Kumar S Dept. of ISE

4) Drive a Stepper Motor interface to rotate the motor in anticlockwise direction by N steps (N is specified by the examiner). Introduce suitable delay between successive steps (Any arbitrary value for the delay may be assumed by the student). assume cs:code,ds:data data segment pa equ 44A0h pb equ 44A1h pc equ 44A2h cr equ 44A3h data ends code segment start: mov ax,data mov ds,ax mov dx,cr mov al,80h out dx,al ;mov cx,64h (or) mov cx,100d(for 180 degrees rotation 180/1.8) ;mov cx,32h (or) mov cx,50d(for 90 degrees rotation 90/1.8) mov cx,64h mov al,77h mov dx,pc rot_anticlock: out dx,al rol al,1 ; only this instruction changes compared to previous program call delay loop rot_anticlock mov ah,4ch int 21h delay proc mov bx,02fffh l2: mov di,0ffffh l1: dec di jnz l1 dec bx jnz l2 ret delay endp code ends
by - 4th sem students of Information Science and Engineering Feb 2009

Page 13 of 20

Microprocessors Lab end start

Mohan Kumar S Dept. of ISE

5) Drive a Stepper Motor interface to rotate the motor by N steps left direction and N steps right direction (N is specified by the examiner). Introduce suitable delay between successive steps (Any arbitrary value for the delay may be assumed by the student). assume cs:code,ds:data data segment pa equ 44A0h pb equ 44A1h pc equ 44A2h cr equ 44A3h data ends code segment start: mov ax,data mov ds,ax mov dx,cr mov al,80h out dx,al mov cx, 64h mov al, 77h mov dx,pc rot_clock: out dx,al ror al,1 call delay loop rot_clock mov cx,32h mov al,77h ; anticlockwise is by only 900

mov dx,pc rot_anticlock: out dx,al rol al,1 call delay loop rot_anticlock mov ah,4ch int 21h delay proc mov bx,02fffh l2: mov di,0ffffh
by - 4th sem students of Information Science and Engineering Feb 2009

Page 14 of 20

Microprocessors Lab l1: dec di jnz l1 dec bx jnz l2 ret delay endp

Mohan Kumar S Dept. of ISE

code ends end start

6) Scan a 8x3 keypad for a key closure and to store the code for the key pressed in a memory location or display on screen. Also display row and column numbers of the key pressed. assume cs:code,ds:data data segment pa equ 44A0h pb equ 44A1h pc equ 44A2h cr equ 44A3h rowval db ? colval db ? scode db ? data ends code segment start: mov ax,data mov ds,ax mov dx,cr mov al,90h out dx,al try_again: mov bl,01h mov bh,03h mov cl,00h mov ah,01h next_row: mov dx,pc mov al,bl out dx,al mov dx,pa in al,dx cmp al,00h
by - 4 sem students of Information Science and Engineering Feb 2009
th

Page 15 of 20

Microprocessors Lab jne calculate add cl,08h inc ah shl bl,01 dec bh jnz next_row jmp try_again calculate: mov rowval,ah mov ah,00h rot_again: ror al,01 jnc next inc ah inc cl jmp rot_again next: mov scode,cl mov colval,ah mov al,cl call disp mov ah,4ch int 21h disp proc mov bl,al mov cl,4 shr al,cl cmp al,09 jle add_30 add al,07 add_30: add al,30h mov dl,al mov ah,02 int 21h mov al,bl and al,0fh cmp al,09 jle add_30_1 add al,07 add_30_1: add al,30h mov dl,al mov ah,02 int 21h ret
by - 4th sem students of Information Science and Engineering Feb 2009

Mohan Kumar S Dept. of ISE

Page 16 of 20

Microprocessors Lab disp endp code ends end start

Mohan Kumar S Dept. of ISE

6) Read the current time from the system and display it in the standard format on the screen assume cs:code code segment start: mov ah,2ch int 21h mov al,ch call hex_bcd call disp mov dl,':' mov ah,2 int 21h mov al,cl call hex_bcd call disp mov ah,4ch int 21h disp proc push cx mov ah,00h mov cx,4 shl ax,4 shr al,4 add ax,3030h push ax mov dl,ah mov ah,2 int 21h pop ax mov ah,2 mov dl,al int 21h pop cx ret endp ; procedure to display 2 bcd digits

;function 2C under INT 21h returns time in ch(hrs), cl(mins) ; in hex ( seconds and milliseconds omitted)

; first convert the hrs into 24 hrs formatted bcd ; then, display it

; to display : in between HH and MM ; same thing with minutes

by - 4th sem students of Information Science and Engineering Feb 2009

Page 17 of 20

Microprocessors Lab hex_bcd proc push cx mov cl,al mov ch,0 mov al,0 next: add al,1 daa loop next pop cx ret endp code ends end start ; procedure to convert hex to bcd

Mohan Kumar S Dept. of ISE

7) Drive an Elevator interface in the following way to move an elevator from ground to top floor and top to ground floor assume cs:code,ds:data data segment pa equ 44A0h pb equ 44A1h pc equ 44A2h cr equ 44A3h data ends code segment start: mov ax,data mov ds,ax mov al, 82h mov dx,cr out dx,al mov dx,pa mov al,00h out dx,al mov al,0f0h out dx,al mov dx, pb scan_again: in al, dx and al,0fh cmp al,0fh ; port A output, port B input

; clear all requests, make elevator stand at first LED ; enable requests

; to read request

; masking MS 4 bits ; is there any request at all? Page 18 of 20

by - 4th sem students of Information Science and Engineering Feb 2009

Microprocessors Lab

Mohan Kumar S Dept. of ISE

je scan_again ; no, then please give one. mov cl,01 ; up to this LED the elevator should move rot_again: ror al,1 ; checking for floor from which the request has come ( a 0 represents request) jc next ; If there is carry, then there is no request jmp start_mov ; there was no carry (ie. CF = 0), we identified the floor from which the ; request is made next: add cl,03h jmp rot_again

start_mov: mov dx,pa mov al,0f0 ; f in MS nibble says, dont clear the request next_led: out dx,al ; at last elevator started moving call delay inc al dec cl jnz next_led call delay ; wait for some time to pick passenger call delay dec al and al,0fh ; now clear the request, but keep led number intact come_down: out dx,al call delay dec al cmp al,00h ; have I reached ground floor? jge come_down ; no, then come down still mov ah,4ch int 21h delay proc mov bx,02fffh l2: mov di,0ffffh l1: dec di jnz l1 dec bx jnz l2 ret delay endp code ends end start ; hey, my program worked, can I go home?

by - 4th sem students of Information Science and Engineering Feb 2009

Page 19 of 20

Microprocessors Lab ------ BEST OF LUCK--------

Mohan Kumar S Dept. of ISE

by - 4th sem students of Information Science and Engineering Feb 2009

Page 20 of 20