Annual Report

2003-2004

Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission

PAEC Annual Report for the year 2003-2004, prepared as a statutory requirement under the provisions of section 15(b) of PAEC Ordinance 1965, aims to compile a concise description of Commission's activities undertaken and accomplished during this period.

While congratulating all the scientists, engineers, technicians, administration and financial personnel on their brilliant performance in their respective fields, the Commission places on record their valuable services with admiration and pride.

(Dr. KhwajaTaldram) Secretary Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission Islamabad

Highlights Nuclear Power Physical Sciences & Engineering Bio-Sciences Nuclear Minerals Safety Human Resource Development Projects International Relations Finance Publications

1 5 11 23 41 46 49 51 53 55 57

HIGHLIGHTS
NUCLEAR POWER
KANUPP was shutdown on December 5, 2002 after completion of the nominal design life of 30 years to fulfill regulatory requirements for relicensing. On completion of the regulatory requirement, PNRA issued a special license to KANUPP for restarting ofthe reactor. KANUPP was restarted on January 22, 2004 at 22:15 hrs with a new lease of life. During the period of January 22, 2004 to June 30, 2004 the plant operated at an average load of about 30 MWe. Gross electricity generated was 78.35 GWh with availability factor and gross capacity factor of 70.52% and 14.49% respectively. The cumulative gross generation since NPD was raised to 10,831.52 GWh.
Reactor Power Regulation Console at KANUPP

CHASNUPP operated safely and generated a total of 1682 GWh of electrical energy from July 2003 to June 2004 of which 1558 GWh was exported to WAPDA. The total on line time of the Turbine-Generator was 5569 hours thus raising the on line time of Turbine-Generator to 22953 hours since connection to grid. The average plant capacity and availability factors were 59.14% and 63.40% respectively. ASAG continued its contribution in planning of the C-2 project. In this regard two major activities were: (i) preparation and submission of the final PC-1 ofthe project in April 2004. After various rounds of negotiations with Chinese organizations, plant cost, fuel cost and financial package forthe C-2 project were finalized. The final PC-1 was prepared based on these costs and financial terms, (ii) preparation ofthe feasibility report of the C-2 Project for the EXIM Bank of China. The project was approved by the ECNEC in July 2004. INUP continued work on analytical engineering studies related to the Pressurized Water Reactors (PWRs). In addition, Institute for Nuclear Power and Karachi Nuclear Power

Complex entered into a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) for joint technical activities, aimed at continued safe operation of KANUPP. INUP continued to provide requisite technical support to Chashma Nuclear Power Plant in In-Core fuel Management, Operational Core analysis and Safety Analysis and participated in the second Refueling Outage (RFO) of CHASNUPP.

meters for PARR-1. Work for the development of nuclear reactor control system has been initiated including classical control, conventional state feedback control, optimal control and state feedback assisted classical control.

Plasma Physics
A theory has been developed to describe the time evolution of nonequilibrium incompressible plasma to understand the mechanism of magnetic field generation taking into account the dynamics of both electrons and ions. The theory has been applied to laser induced plasmas and the estimate of B-field turns out to be in agreement with the experimental observations.

NUCLEAR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Reactor Operation
During the period under report PARR-1 was operated for 550 hours including 23 continuous operations of 12 hours duration each at full power. 560 capsules containing different samples were irradiated. PARR-2 was operated for 143 hours irradiating 1242 samples.

Neutron and X-Ray Diffraction

The IAEA TC project PAK/4/044 has been successfully completed. Under this project, a small angle neutron scattering instrument has been designed, developed and installed at beam tube No. 5 at PARR-1.

Reactor Experiments
Experimentation has been started to measure the reactor kinetic para1 Annual Report 2003-2004

Laser Applications
One hundred and fifty (150) units of Laser land leveler (LLL) were assembled and handed over to different public organizations and private farmers. Two-step laser spectroscopy of Zinc, Cadmium, and Mercury was performed using the Nd: Yag laser as a pump for dye laser.

Radioisotope & Radiopharmaceutical Cold Kits Production

Regular supply of sodium iodide (131l) consisting of 458 consignments (94750 mCi) worth Rs. 5146100 was dispatched to different nuclear medical centres in Pakistan. 9 consignments of sodium phosphate ("P, 75 mCi), worth Rs. 118000 and 4 consignments of MIBG-111I (19.5 mCi) worth Rs. 30400 were also supplied to nuclear medical centers. Total supply of radioactive products was 94845 mCi, worth Rs. 53,04,500, whereas supply on complimentary basis was 1885 mCi, worth Rs. 24,00,500. 9154 vials of eleven different cold kits worth Rs. 56,51,600 were also supplied.

Small Angle Neutron Scattering instrument for defect studies of materials

installed

process and laboratory automation has been developed. This module offers, 8 single ended analogue inputs of 0 to 10V, unipolar & bipolar input range, 8-bit resolution, four digital inputs/outputs, one analogue output, +12V,-12Vand+5V on board.

Mustard canola, being the first ever, mutant variety of mustard developed in Pakistan is canola quality and has the potential to replace the noncanola indigenous varieties. For Integrated Pest Management of various crops, efforts were made to lower the losses by carrying out studies to eradicate cotton pests, sugarcane borers, rice borers, fruit flies and other economically important insects. Detailed surveys and experiments were carried out to find out causes of wheat, oil seed and ric crops pathologies, while Induced Systemic Resistance was also tried for certain crops. Plant physiology and salt tolerance studies continued involving screening of salt tolerance varieties in rice, wheat and sunflower. Under salinity and environmental management, various crops were screened and some income generating activities were devised for farmers. Food, feed irradiation, Pos* harvest treatments and development of seedless kinnow were the major areas of study under food crops. Availability of N to rice, tillage practices, P-application methods, Rhizobiology were the topics studied for plant nutrition and soil biology.

Applied Health Physics

Technical improvements were suggested for safe packaging and disposal of radioactive waste from various places of 131l plant. Personnel radiation contamination monitoring services were provided on about 16,463 occasions to different radiation workers, trainees and visitors at PARR-1, PARR-2, NCD, and IPD. About 16,010 radiation/contamination surveys were conducted in different labs./plants of PINSTECH. 8,628 smear samples, 400 air samples and 162 water samples were also collected from the halls of PARR1, PARR-2 and labs, of IPD etc.

AGRICULTURE & BIOLOGY

Development of new varieties through mutation breeding for crop improvement was given top priority at all research centers. For Bhittai, a new high yielding, disease resistant wheat variety developed by NIA, trials were conducted at farmer's fields. The proposal for its release has been prepared for submission to the Technical Sub-Committee for the Approval of Varieties and Techniques, Government of Sindh. A candidate high yielding variety "Khirman" after evaluation in NUWYT, is being tested on progressive farmer's fields as well. Mustard variety "NIFA-Mustard Canola" was approved by the NWFP Provincial Seed Council for commercial cultivation in the rain fed & irrigated areas of NWFP. The NIFAAnnual Report 2003-2004

Computers
A general-purpose interface module for data acquisition and control through parallel port for industrial

Under animal health and reproduction, 8000 vials of NIAB-HS-vaccine and 1000 vials of NIAB-ND-Vaccine were prepared and sold to local markets. A new vaccine has also been sold in the market for the Hydropericardium Syndrome of poultry.

BIOTECHNOLOGY & GENETIC ENGINEERING

Six Divisions of NIBGE, namely Plant Biotechnology Biofertilizers, Industrial Biotechnology, Bioprocess Technology, Health Biotechnology and Environmental Biotechnology remained involved in research work related to Agriculture, Industry, Health and Environment. For agriculture, work was done in molecular virology, development of several RNAi constructs, genetic engineering, chloroplast biotechnology, plant genomics, tissue culture, PGPR associations and biocontrol of plant diseases, etc. Under industry, molecular biotechnology of enzymes, cloning of endoglucanase gene, characterization of various industrial enzymes, production of different biochemicals, fossil fuel biotechnology, extremophiles were important topics of study. Studies on typhoid, Hepatitis B and C, ^-thalassemia, protein pharmaceuticals and chromosomal abnormalities were carried out under Health Section. For environmental studies, wastewater treatment, solid waste management, Bioremediation, genotaxic effects, heavy metal removal, molecular diagnosis remained the focal point of research.

related applications of nuclear technology are of paramount importance. PAEC has established 13 centers (including INOR Abbottabad recently inaugurated in May, 2004) so far, which are providing latest and state of the art facilities for the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases including cancer. During 2003-2004, 192,000 patients were diagnosed by the Nuclear Medicine Departments using short lived isotopes, obtaining planer, SPECT and whole-body images of the diseased organs using gamma cameras. Where as treatment was provided to more than 135,000 patients using Cobalt-60 teletherapy units, Linear accelerators, Deep & superficial X-ray machines, HDR remote after-loading machines and Superficial appliance etc.

Major activities ha-'e been prospection and exploration for uranium alongwith minor activity of fluorite exploration. Prospection work has been done in Kohat Plateau, Rustam, Mardan, Darband, Hazara Granitic Complex, etc whereas detailed exploration has been undertaken at Shanawah depositsite. Detailed exploratory drilling was started at Shanawah site of Bannu Basin in the 4th quarter to estimate reserves in the RAR category. Manchar Formation in the Kirthar Range was studied in geological detail to understand the nature of uranium mineralization. Kohat Plateau, for its uranium occurrences, was another favourable target where preliminary exploratory drilling was continued. Baluchistan was designated as REO, Quetta last year, where geological, radiometric investigations and shallow reconnaissance drilling were done in the Tuftan anomalous zone. The activities in the laboratories supported the field activities by providing various chemical and mineralogical analyses. Remote sensing, gaotechnical drilling, geophysical surveys, neotectonic and siesmotectonics studies were also carried out for PAEC establishments.

NUCLEAR MINERALS
Atomic Energy Minerals Centre and its Regional Exploration Offices at Peshawar, Karachi & Quetta continued prospection and exploration for nuclear minerals & multimineral programme as planned. The working areas include Bannu Basin, Kohat Plateau, Salt Range, Attock Basin, Nizam Pur Basin, Malakand, Swat, Mansehra, Tarbela, Chakdara, Kirthar Range of Sind and Eruptive Zone of Baluchistan.

NUCLEAR MEDICINE
Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission is engaged in the application of nuclear technology for the socioeconomic development ofthe country and in the wake of growing incidence of deadly disease cancer, health

NIFA Mustard Canola veriety Annual Report 2003-2004 3

Weapon Complex (AWC), SUPARCO, DESTO, Karachi Electric Supply Corporation (KESC), Pakistan Navy, Attock Refinery Limited (ARL), Heavy Industries Taxila (HIT), etc. The jobs of contract value estimated at Rs. 350 millions are under design, manufacturing and attesting/ inspection stage. The Directorate exported mechanical equipment worth Rs. 18.334 million to CERN, Switzerland as well.

INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
Mr. Parvez Butt, Chairman, Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission attended as invited Speaker the World Nuclear Association (WNA) Annual Symposium held in London, UK from 3-5 September, 2003. Chairman, PAEC led Pakistan delegation to the forty-seventh IAEA Annual General Conference held in Vienna from 15-19 September 2003. He also represented Pakistan as Governor from Pakistan in the Meetings of the IAEA Board of Governors held in Vienna. Chairman, PAEC participated in the Governing Board Meeting of (WANOTokyo Centre and WANO-Atlanta Centre) and Biennial General Meeting of World Association of Nuclear Operators held in Berlin, Germany. He also attended 2004 Spring WANO Tokyo Centre Governing Board Meeting held at Fukuoka, Japan and also undertook Technical Tour to Genkai Nuclear Power Station. Pakistan has been elected as member of the Board of Governors of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) for a term of two years beginning from September, 2003 to September, 2005. Election was held at the Forty-seventh IAEA Annual General Conference.

INOR, the recently inaugarated

13th medical centre

HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT

Thirty three PAEC scientists/engineers carried out assignments abroad in various fields including Wheat Improvement, Non-Destructive Testing, Ultrasonic Testing, Radiography Testing, Sustainable Energy Development and other N-technology related fields. The 1 st batch of Master of Science in Information Technology, M.Sc. IT (2001-03) of CTC passed out on 1809-2003. Fifteen students (10 Selffinanced + 5 Fellows) successfully completed the course. The 10th batch of Post Graduate Computer Orientation Course (PGCOC-10) was conducted from 7th April, 2003 to 6th October, 2004. Final result of the batch-9 (Session 2001-2002) of KINPOEwas declared by NED University in September 2003. All the 32 successful graduates from this batch joined their respective places of posting in the last week of September 2003. Thirty-three

trainees of the batch-2 (Session 2002-2003) of Post Graduate Training Program joined KINPOE in the last week of August 2003. Fiftyseven successful trainees of the batch-32 (Session 2002-2003) of the Post Diploma Training Program were relieved from KINPOE in November 2003. Postgraduate training of 36 CHASCENT fellows batch-2 and post-diploma training of 37 O&M technicians of batch 6 has been completed.

SCIENTIFIC AND ENGINEERING SERVICES

The SES Directorate manufactured and supplied jobs worth Rs. 183 millions to Heavy Mechanical Complex (HMC), Pakistan Steel, Oil & Gas Development Corporation ( O G D C ) , WAP DA, N a t i o n a l Development Complex (NDC), Dr. A. Q. Khan Research Labs. (KRL), CPC, PINSTECH, KANUPP, Chashma Nuclear Power Plant (CHASNUPP), other PAEC Projects, Air

Annual Report 2003-2004

NUCLEAR POWER
KARACHI NUCLEAR POWER PLANT (KANUPP)
Operation and Maintenance
After completion of the nominal design life of 30 years, KANUPP was shutdown on December 5, 2002 to fulfill regulatory requirements for relicensing. Since then KANUPP has successfully implemented various tasks such as fuel channel inspection, replacement of old and obsolete instrumentation and control equipment, reactor regulating computers etc to improve LOCA handling capabilities, replacement, overhauling and maintenance of plant equipment. On completion of the regulatory requirement, PNRA issued a special license to KANUPP for restarting ofthe reactor. However, this license limited the power to 33% FP. KANUPP was restarted on January 22, 2004 at 22:15 hrs with a new lease of life. During the period of January 22, 2004 to June 30, 2004 the plant operated at an average load of about 30 MWe. Gross electricity generated was 78.35 GWh. with availability factor and gross capacity factor of 70.52% and 14.49% respectively. The cumulative gross generation since NPD was raised to 10,831.52 GWh. For enhancement of power, a joint study was carried out by PAEC/ PNRA and Dr. Luxt a CANDU safety expert was also consulted. detection, ultrasonic flaw detection, thickness measurement, diameter and surface roughness measurement and sag measurement of PT. The data acquired by KNPC under remote supervision of AECL, Canada was sent to AECL and rescans were carried out on area suspected to have flaws on advice of AECL. Two surface indications were replicated on AECL's request. The samples scraped from fuel channel were dispatched to AECL for hydrogen/deuterium study. Pieces of G-12 pressure tube removed in 1993 were also sent to AECL for burst testing. AECL has submitted draft reports for comment of KANUPP. Plant Regulating Computers ARC and BRC have been replaced by new l&C Systems based on PLCs. Reactor Power Regulation, Fuel Channel Temperature Monitoring, Bearing Temperature Monitoring of Pumps & Motors, Failed Fuel Activity Monitoring and Alarms Annunciation are now being performed by these systems. 27 Measurement Loops and 15 Closed Control Loops have been replaced with the new l&C Systems. Critical Parameters Display System was designed to provide continuous real time values of critical parameters of plant in Emergency Feed Water (EFW) room under all modes of operation to help the operator to take corrective actions in case of unavailability of main control room. The Safety Parameters Display System was designed to provide concise and integrated information to assess the plant safety status continuously under all modes of operation and to guide the operator to take corrective action when so required to bring and maintain the plant in a safe state. The system was designed to provide the status of Radiological Emission & Control and Reactor Power Critically. To provide shutdown facility to operator outside the Main Control Room in the absence of Emergency Control Room (ECR) in the plant, Emergency Shutdown System has been provided in EFW Room. The implementation, commissioning and testing of Emergency Shutdown Facility was completed. To improve main control room habitability, installation of spring

Re-licensing Outage (RLO) Activities

After completion of training of 15 members of KANUPP team from AECL Canada, inspection was performed locally on seven fuel channels in accordance with the requirements of Canadian standards. The inspections performed included pressure tube (PT) material sampling, visual inspection, PT to calandria tube (CT) gap measurement, eddy current flaw

loaded louvers in the wall ofthe room facing Turbine Hall was completed. Installation of steel wall between Main Control Room masonry wall and main steam lines has been completed up to the level of air-conditioning ducts. For improving LOCA handling capabilities, installation and commissioning of Emergency Heavy Wter/ Light Water Storage & Transfer (EHWT) system have been completed. The system is capable to store eighteen tons of D 2 0 & a sufficient quantity of H 2 0 to cool the core in case of LOCA. The installation and commissioning of automatic crash cool down of boilers to cool and depressurize the Primary Heat Transport system (PHT) and to avoid any pressure stagnation in the reactor core after small LOCA, has been completed. Emergency Sump Transfer (EST) system was installed for transferring the spilled water after LOCA outside the Boiler from AD5H & AD7H sumps to Moderator Area sump. Hence the availability of re-circulating water for IJW system to ensure prolong cooling was made possible in case of LOCA outside the boiler room. Two Vertical Non Clogging Impeller Centrifugal pumps were installed. Emergency Feed Water (EFW) System was initially designed for providing water to all the six steam generators manually in the event of total loss of feed water due to rupture or break in Boiler Feed Water System or complete loss of power. As PSA level-1 result showed that automatic operation of EFW system would reduce the Core Damage Frequency by about 60%, the operation of EFW system was proposed to be modified from manual to fully automatic which was eventually completed. The rehabilitation of Activity Monitoring System was completed. All 208 sample chamber housings and horizontal sampling tubes were replaced. The work involved fabrication of new sampling chambers and complete removal of old tube spools.

In order to meet single failure criteria, addition of redundant valves is required in Emergency Injection (IJW) system. In this regard engineering study has been completed. Procurement of qualified valves is in process. To improve the functionality of the Emergency Injection System (IJW) for small LOCA scenarios, another system called Forced Emergency Injection Water (FIJW) system is required to be installed. Most of the design work has been completed. The tube inspection of one steam generator and visual examination of steam generator secondary side were carried out. Inspection of welds of plugged tubes in steam generators 1,2,3,5 and 6 was also carried out. In connection with follow-up campaign of KANUPP SG water lancing, proposal was received from RINPO, China. Proposal received from B&W Canada for conditional assessment of SG is under review. After removal of booster rod assemblies moderator flow normalized and plant was started successfully. Installation and commissioning work of Fire Alarm system in all the plant buildings has been completed. In connection with on-line chemical monitoring system, field testing of Boiler Steam and Feed Wter system panel was in-progress and the commissioning report and operating manual were being prepared. AMP pilot projects on instrumentation and control cables, Motor Operated Valve (MOVs) and Solenoid Operated Valve (SOVs) were completed. Most of the recommendations of IAEA Seismic Safety Mission have been implemented. The junction boxes of safety and safety related equipment installed in the reactor building were modified to withstand the ambient condition of pressure, temperature and humidity in the case of Main Steam Line Break and Loss of Coolant Accident. Cable Gland Bushing connectors, installed for CCTV system in the Reactor Building, were modified and tested to confirm its integrity under severe LOCA condition.
Annual Report 2003-2004

Removal of Booster Head in Progress at KANUPP

Health Physics and Radiation Safety

The total radiation dose received by all personnel who worked in KANUPP radiation zones during the review period was 2.353 Man-Sv. Out of this 40% was received as internal dose, due to tritium uptake, while the remaining 60% was the contribution from external dose. The average dose for radiation workers was 2.53 mSv per person-year. Total gaseous radioactivity released from the plantwas less than 1 % ofthe derived maximum permissible release limit. The liquid radioactivity in the effluent released to sea was less than 3% ofthe derived emission release limit for liquid.

PROJECT IMPROVING SAFETY FEATURES (ISF) OF KANUPP

The IAEA Technical Assistance project "Improving Safety Features (ISF)" of KANUPP continued to progress satisfactorily as follow-up of PAK-9/010 (SOK) project. The 11th IAEA Steering Committee Meeting (SCM) for ISF project was held in Vienna from 17-19 November, 2003. Two new safety cases prepared by KANUPP were endorsed by the Steering Committee. During the

reporting period six IAEA expert missions were completed. Th performance tests on locally developed Neutron Power Instrumentation with current source and with Ion Chamber have been carried out. The response of Log-N amplifier and Linear-N has been observed to be satisfactory. Expert Mission for expert review ofthe locally developed Neutron Power Instrumentation of KANUPP (NISK) was completed at IAEA Vienna from 1-5 March, 2004 with the participation of two KANUPP engineers. Two locally developed N16 channels have been installed & commissioned on protective channel "A" and "B". The wall thickness of 145 feeder line bends/elbows was inspected which covered more than 50% of the total outlet bends. All the outlet elbows/ bends in the high flux zone have been inspected. It has been predicted that most ofthe feeders are fit for service for another 10 operating years on the basis of wall thickness. An expert mission meeting was held on KANUPP Feeder Piping Integrity from 17th to 21 st May 2004.

Based on the expert mission recommendations, regression analysis, which was preliminarily performed by the expert himself, is progressively being improved to predict the useful life for each feeder.

while a work plan for those requiring further action has been prepared and submitted to PNRA.

Electrical Backfitting
For the project of "Replacement of 132kV Bulk Oil Circuit Breakers and 132kV Transmission Line Protection Relays of KANUPP" the contractors have been pre-qualified. Case for administrative approval ofthe project is under process. NESPAK engineers visited KNPC to remove discrepancies in the final draft report on "Protection Coordination Analysis of KANUPP AC Distribution System".

Control & Instrumentation

Study and engineering was underway for replacement ofthe remaining 136 loops both for safety and conventional C&l of TUP project. Design Report of Post Accident Monitoring System has been prepared. CIAL acquired ISO 9001:2000 certification through M/s BVQI, and two surveillance audits were held successfully. Quality Management System was developed and implemented by CIAL. As a part of rendering services to other national organizations, CIAL h a s b e e n p r e - q u a l i f i e d as "Engineering Consultant" through open national competition for plants (l&C) retrofitting of Pak-Arab Fertilizer Multan. Provided Test/ Calibration services to M/s UEC Pvt. Ltd. Lahore.

Generation License of KANUPP

Application for obtaining generation license for KANUPP, alongwith supporting data and documents, has been submitted to National Electric Power Regulatory Authority (NEPRA).

Other Projects
Study carried out on Nuclear Desalination Demonstration Plant has been submitted to PAEC for review. For the proposed prototype Wind Turbine Generating Station (WTGS), technical specifications of electrical equipment and interconnection scheme for connecting WTGS to KNPC Distribution System, were prepared.

Nuclear Safety & Licensing

Work on Allowable Outage Time (AOT) evaluation has been completed and report has been prepared and is under review. A selfassessment program was developed and discussed with IAEA expert in April 2001. A station instruction has been issued in the light of the expert opinions. The Equipment Performance Degradation Plan has been developed and issued for 90% of the systems. The safety Performance Indicators (PI) has been implemented at KANUPP. Most of the re-licensing queries by PNRA on the PSR have been resolved
778 Annual Report 2003-2004

CHASHMA NUCLEAR POWER PLANT (CHASNUPP)

Plant Operation and Maintenance
Chashma Nuclear Power Plant operated safely and generated a total of 1682 GWh of electric energy from July 2003 to June 2004 of which 1558 GWh was exported to WAPDA. The total on line time of the TurbineGenerator was 5569 hours thus raising the on line time of TurbineGenerator to 22953 hours since connection to grid. The average plant

Anchoring of Running Transformer at KANUPP

capacity and availability factors were 59.14% and 63.4% respectively. The Second Refueling outage (RFO-2) of CHASNUPP started from 15th April, 2004. A comprehensive job list was prepared by CHASNUPP with a total of approximately more than 3000 jobs including preventive/ corrective maintenance, ISI, implementation of design modifications and surveillance tests. Some of the critical jobs were contracted out to foreign contractors (Chinese) due to unavailability of local expertise. PAEC establishments were also awarded contracts for carrying out certain jobs. Major maintenance jobs performed during reported period (including RFO-2) included replacement of Rod Position Detector for RCCA A1-3, Maintenance of High Head Safety Injection Pump / Motor, Containment Spray Pump / Motor, Main Feed Water Pump / Motor, Auxiliary Feed Water Pump / Motor, testing and preventive maintenance of Main Generator, Emergency Diesel Generators, Main Transformer, Auxiliary Transformer & Step Down Transformer, RCP mechanical seal inspection /replacement, Fuel Handling equipment & tools, Main Generator Slip Rings by using special lathe machine type tool. Major ISI jobs included In-Service Inspection of RPV and Reactor Internals, Eddy Current Testing (ECT) of Steam Generator Tubes, removal of Irradiation Surveillance Material for testing RPV, ISI of Nuclear Class I, II, III Components, ECT of In-core Instrumentation Thimble Tubes and ISI of Turbine Cross-Over Piping.

separation of Hydraulic Oil Supply to WCP check valves, modification in Fuel Conveyor Car to avoid damage to thimble plug assemblies, modification in mechanical support structure of In-Core Instrumentation System to facilitate thimble tube withdrawal, Modification of condensate Booster Pump-B motor foundation and Steam Generator blow-down Pipe Lines to facilitate Sludge Lancing and modification of Diesel Generator EEG401DG as 1E source for train B after failure of EEG001DG and EEG801DG as 1E source for train A,

Quality Assurance
QA Division conducted internal audits of Electrical Maintenance Division, l&C Maintenance Division, and Radiation protection section of S & HP division. 99 surveillance deficiency reports and 68 NCNs/NCRs were issued including 04 NCNs to YFP. QA engineers witnessed about sixty (80) periodic testing tests during reported period and participated in 388 control points during RFO-2 including control point over manufacturing of fuel for CHASNUPP at YFP China.

Plant Outages
During the reported period, the Plant experienced a total of eleven outages including planned and nine unplanned outages. The total outage duration was nearly 134 days including the longest outage from 15th April, 2004 to 24th July, 2004, when the reactor was shutdown for 2nd Refueling Outage.

IAEA Osart Mission

An Operational Safety Review Team (OSART) mission from IAEA visited CHASNUPP from January 12 - 29, 2004 to assess the operational safety of the Plant. During the OSART Mission, CHASNUPP organization practices & performance were thoroughly reviewed as per OSART standard practice in the areas of Management, Organization and Administration, Operation, Maintenance, Technical Support, Radiation Protection, Chemistry and Emergency Planning Preparations. Report of the OSART Mission to CHASHMA Nuclear Power Plant has been received at CHASNUPP. A detailed program has been chalked out at CHASNUPP to implement OSART recommendations and suggestions.

Events and Reports

During the reported period a total of fifty two events were encountered out of which nine were reportable to Regulatory Authority. So far 225 events have been encountered and 96 were reportable to Regulatory Authority. All the events are of INES level 0.

Safety and Health Physics

During the reported period, 11031 m3 of liquid waste with gross activity of 1.82E08Bq was discharged through the discharge canal to the environment after dilution with the circulating cooling water. A total volume of 2.49E09 m3 of gaseous waste with gross activity of 3.14E14Bq was discharged through the stack, which is well below the limit. 360 drums of solidified solid waste were prepared with a maximum surface dose rate 50.2 pGy/h, 167 drums of low level miscellaneous dry waste were prepared with a maximum surface dose rate of 430 ^Gy/h. The average dose received per person was 0.124 mSv.

APPLIED SYSTEMS ANALYSIS GROUP (ASAG)

ASAG continued its contribution in planning of the C-2 project. In this regard two major activities were: (i) preparation and submission of the final PC-1 of the project in April 2004. After various rounds of negotiations with Chinese organizations, plant cost, fuel cost and financial package for the C-2 project were finalized. The final PC-1 was prepared based on these costs and financial terms, (ii) preparation of the feasibility report of the C-2 Project for the EXIM Bank of China. The project was approved by

Major Plant Modifications

Refueling outage opportunity was utilized to implement a number of design modifications to enhance the safety and reliability of equipment/ systems. Some major modifications included addition of 02 RPV Guide studs and storage stands in reactor building to facilitate lifting of lower reactor internals, replacement of guide posts over the storage rack of lower core internals in refueling pool,

Annual Report

2003-2004

the ECNEC in July 2004. ASAG contributed in the economic and financial analysis of the project highlighting the importance of the project for the over all development of the electricity sector of Pakistan. CHASNUPP applied to the NEPRA for issuance of generation license for C-1 and determination of its bulk supply tariff. ASAG contributed in preparation of the application for the license and tariff petition. The Group initiated a country study under IAEA/RCA project on "Role of Nuclear Power and Other Energy Options in the Competitive Electricity Markets". The working team prepared an interim report on the work carried out during the first year. The Group is participating in the cocoordinated research program of IAEA on nuclear power planning. A case study was initiated to assess cost of fossil-fuel based power generation with sequestration of C0 2 emissions compared to nuclear power option. The Group has been assisting IAEA/ICTP in capacity building in the area of energy sector planning.
Gamma Spectroscopy Equipment at INUP

INSTITUTE OF NUCLEAR POWER (INUP)

INUP continued work on analytical engineering studies related to the Pressurized Water Reactors (PWRs). In addition, Institute for Nuclear Power and Karachi Nuclear Power Complex entered into a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) for joint technical activities, aimed at continued safe operation of KANUPP. INUP continued to provide requisite technical support to Chashma Nuclear Power Plant in In-Core fuel Management, Operational Core analysis and Safety Analysis and participated in the second Refueling Outage (RFO) of CHASNUPP. INUP also assisted CNPP and HMC-3 in the diagnostic of machinery malfunction by performing vibration measurements on their moving parts and components. In this regard,

diagnostic services were provided to CHASNUPP for dynamic stress measurement on steam turbine cross over pipe during load ejection tests. Condition monitoring of critical rotating machines was done for CHASNUPP prior to second RFO. Furthermore, participations in C-2 activities were also made with regard to preparation of comments on technical annexure, contract articles, and review of contract of fuel supply.

Analysis of small LOCA using best estimate was completed while preliminary computation of Peak Containment Pressure Evaluation Following a LOCA for different reactors was also completed. Preliminary computation of Peak Containment Pressure Evaluation following a LOCA for different reactors was done. Severe accident analyses based on double-ended cold leg break were completed.

Core Design and Fuel Management

Various issues related to In-Core Fuel Management (ICFM) were routinely reviewed with CHASNUPP. Analysis of flux map data of CHASNUPP at various EFPDs, participation in activities of C-2 with regards to core design, safety analysis and thermal hydraulic analysis and computaion of core physics parameters based on energy loading, etc were carried out.

Radiation Shielding Design

Evaluation of Fast Neutron Flux Spectrum in a PWR core using discrete ordinate code and calculation of Nitrogen-16 specific activity in Primary Coolant Loop was completed. Multi-group shield design analysis of PWR reactor by discrete ordinate methods was completed. RCS source term calculation in PWR using P C A C P c o m p u t e r code and calculation of component source term by using ACT-1 computer code was accomplished. Assessment of heat generation rate in the multi layered primary shield of

Transients and Accident Analysis

Severe accident, Station Black Out (SBO), for CHASNUPP was analyzed by using the computer code MELCOR 1.8.4. Critical heat flux corelations used in computer program RTHP were analyzed.

9 Annual Report 2003-2004

for regular vibration monitoring of critical machines in the plant for early fault detection. Vibration monitoring services were provided to CHASNUPP for dynamic stress measurements on steam turbine cross over pipes during load ejection tests. Vibration diagnostic survey of CHASNUPP's critical machines was made prior to RFO-II for condition monitoring of data of plant equipment. Experiments were completed on vibration control of motor pump assemblies and diesel generator using different isolation mounts and pneumatic dampers. Work is in progress for establishment of a workshop for dynamic balancing of rotors, shafts and blades of process machines.
Nuclear Measurement Laboratory at INUP

PWR by alternate methods was also completed.

ating its use for controlling reactivity problems was accomplished. Structural analysis of the lower end structural part of CHASNUPP Fuel assembly known as the Bottom Nozzle based on finite element techniques using ANSYS 5.7 code was completed. Fuel Performance Analysis based on Coolant Activity data for identifying fuel failure in the core of 300 MWe CNPP was completed as well.

Fuel Mechanical Design

A study of fuel requirement without reprocessing for 300 MWe CNPP was completed. Analytical work based on finite element techniques using ANSYS 5:7 c o d e for S i m u l a t i o n of CHASNUPP Fuel Assembly Bottom Nozzle Perforated Plate Test was also completed. A review study of Urania (UOj)Gadolinia (GdjO,), aimed at appreci-

Expert software was developed for accurate detection and localization of loose parts. The indigenous Plant Reactivity Meter developed at INUP for CHASNUPP was tested, qualified and handed over to the plant after RFO-II. Detailed design of Gamma Scanning System for burnup measurements of CHASNUPP's spent fuel was completed and submitted to the plant. Burnup measurements of PARR-1 spentfuel elements were completed.

Laboratory Facilities
INUP entered into service agreements with CHASNUPP & KANUPP

10

Annual Report 2003-2004

PHYSICAL SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING

NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
Reactor Operation
During the period under report PARR-1 was operated for 550 hours including 23 continuous operations of 12 hours duration each at full power. 560 capsules containing different samples were irradiated. Core No. 97 of PARR-1 completed its operation life leaving insufficient reactivity to operate the reactor. Therefore, core # 98 was assembled by replacing four control fuel elements. PARR-2 was operated for 143 hours irradiating 1242 samples. Quality of reactor vessel/pool water was maintained up to the standard. for subsequent use in plume dispersion modeling. the width of the nonlinear SSAW reduce with the increase in the concentration of positrons in electron-ion plasmas. The width of the soliton also depends upon the direction of propagation. The two ion component plasmas have also been studied. The role of ion precipitation from magnetosphere to the upper ionospheric region has been analyzed in the low frequency perturbation regime.

Reactor Experiments
Experimentation has been started to measure the reactor kinetic parameters for PARR-1. Work for the development of nuclear reactor control system has been initiated. This includes classical control, conventional state feedback control, optimal control and state feedback assisted classical control.

Computational Physics
The effect of ballistic mechanism on the phase diagram of catalytic oxidation of CO has been studied on Pt (111) surface. Forthe ballistic flight of "hot" oxygen atoms, five different conditions have been studied. The steady reactive window is observed and under specific conditions the continuous transition disappeared. As soon as the CO partial pressure departed from zero, the production of Co2 started until a first order transition stopped the catalytic activity, which is consistent with the experimental observations. Technique of molecular dynamics simulation has been applied to study superheating in Pb (111) thin layer embedded in AI (111) matrix. The Pb (111) film shows stability upto 150 K above the normal melting temperature. The thickness of the film has little effect on the melting temperature.

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

Plasma Physics
A theory has been developed to describe, in a simple way, the time evolution of non-equilibrium incompressible plasma to understand the mechanism of magnetic field generation taking into account the dynamics of both electrons and ions. The theory has been applied to laser induced plasmas and the estimate of B-field turns out to be in agreement with the experimental observations. Low frequency electrostatic and electromagnetic modes for dusty plasmas have been investigated. In the linear dispersion relation, coupling of Alfvn waves with acoustic waves and drift waves has been found for electro-ion plasmas in the presence of stationary dust. Ion temperature gradient instability has also been studied in the astrophysical dusty plasmas. Various linear limits that allow the coupling of electrostatic drift waves with the dynamics of dust grains have been discussed. In the nonlinear case, dipolar vortex structures associated with these perturbations have been studied. Nonlinear solitary structures of an arbitrary slow shear Alfvn wave (SSAW) in ideal electro-positron-ion plasma have been investigated. It is found that the electron density dips of SSAW are formed in the super Alfvnic region. The amplitude and
11 Annual Report 2003-2004

Reactor Physics
In connection with the use of less burnt HEU fuel elements along with LEU fuel elements, several core configurations were analyzed to achieve required excess-reactivity and shutdown margin, in collaboration of INUP. Detailed Neutronic, thermal hydraulic and safety analyses of a selected core were carried out and got reviewed by INUP. Presently the case for the final approval for the operation of PARR-1 mixed fuel core is under review by PNRA. Calculations were performed for 3group fluxes around PARR-1 LEU core loading No. 98 for its operation in open end ofthe pool and results were submitted for use in an experimental setup regarding non-destructive testing of faults/defects in materials by RIAD. Regarding the radiological consequence analysis for accidental releases, topographic data of US-GS for Pakistan-region was acquired and digital map of Pakistan was prepared and compared with the map of Survey of Pakistan. Work has been started on the development of technical capabilities and computer software for analyzing the meteorological data

Fast Neutron Physics

After the completion of studies on thermal neutron capture crosssection and resonance integral of 1 "Tb(n,g)16Tb, a paper has been published in Phys. Rev. The analysis of data for the re-estimation of absolute intensities of 56Mn in the energy range of 50 keV to 3 MeV and then upto 8.5 MeV was carried out both by experimental as well as theoretical approaches. The results upto 2 MeV are in good agreement with the reported values. More work is required for the data in the higher energy region which is hampered due

to problems in the gamma ray detection system at Neutron Capture Gamma-ray setup in the Reactor Hall (PARR-1).

Electron Microscopy
Diffusion bonding of Zircaloy-4 with SS-316 in the presence of Ti interlayer was carried out at temperatures 950, 1000, 1050 and 1150 "C for four hours under the Pakistan Science Foundation project. Bonding was not successful at 950 C due to less diffusion of constituents and at 1150 C due to the melting of samples. Formation of brittle intermetallic compounds has been reduced considerably. Ti-Zr liquid phase has been identified by S E M / E D S analysis. First report has been submitted to the Pakistan Science Foundation. Phases in the diffusion zone of Al-Fe-Ce and Zircaloy-4 were characterized by XRD as AIZr2 and AI2Zr5. Bonding of Inconel 625 alloy was carried out in the presence of Zircaloy-4 interlayer at 1050 C and 1100 "C for 3h. Major phases in the diffusion zone are characterized as Ni2Zr3 and Zr(Ni,Fe)2. The diffusion barriers, rich in Cr and Mo were observed on both sides of the diffusion zone. High energy ball milling of Al-5wt% SiC is carried out to form the composite materials. Milling up to 50h did not produce composite, so further milling would be performed. XRD indicates mixing of SiC with Al and reduction of particle size.

and Nb in the base alloy Nd18Fe76B6. From the XRD results, it was observed that these materials have two phases, Nd2Fe14B as major phase and Nd-Fe paramagnetic phase as minor phase. The Mssbauer results indicate that the net magnetization of the base alloy decreases due to the substitution of these elements. Therefore, the increase in coercivity occurs at the expense of magnetization. Mssbauer study on another permanent magnetic system, Nd, Fe,.;,B6(x=13-19) is in progress. The perovskite manganites La,. AxMnO, (where A=Ca, Sr, Ba) have become subject of intense research because of their fascinating and often competing properties like metal insulator transitions, paramagnetic, ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic alignments and charge and orbital ordering. Interesting results regarding spin freezing due to Fe doping and thermal cycling effects in La^ CaJVInOj (LCM) materials have been observed. These results show that thermal cycling in charge ordered LCM is due to disorder induced by doping at the La sites. Computer simulation techniques are being employed to investigate the structural properties of La^S^VO, and Ni,.IZnxFe204 systems. Potential parameters have been derived which accurately generate the crystal structures of these materials. Solution energies are calculated to predict the preferable site for dopant ion and charge compensating mechanism is also investigated.

rials ALaMnFe0 6 (A=Ca, Ba, Sr) using X-ray and neutron diffraction techniques has been completed. The X-ray diffraction investigations have revealed these materials to be cubic, crystallizing in the space group Fm'm. Characterization of nano-crystalline titania by employing X-ray and neutron diffraction as well as small angle neutron scattering techniques has been completed. These investigations were carried out in collaboration with Korea Atomic Energy Commission.

Ion Physics
The photon emission originating from the sputtering of polycrystalline aluminum surface under 1-10 keV ion (H+, He*, Ar*, Kr+ and Xe+) bombardment has been studied. The measured photon emission yields from 3d 2 D 3/2 resonance transition of sputtered excited Al atom and the calculated nuclear stopping powers have been compared. The results demonstrate that elastic collision play the major role in photon emission. The polycrystalline aluminum and graphite targets have been bombarded with 5-10 keV Ar* ions and effect of the magnetic field on ioninduced atomic and ionic emission from these targets have been investigated in the 180-500 nm wavelength range. The application of the weak magnetic field (<10 mT) on the target surface resulted in remarkable increase in the intensity of atomic and ionic emission lines. Standard spectrochemical analysis technique, based on the assumption of local thermodynamic equilibrium in the arc plasma, has been applied to the spectra to determine the effect of magnetic field on electron temperature and density. After necessary modifications in the indigenously designed and fabricated Duoplasmatron ion source, for the first time at PINSTECH, the ion-beam from highly volatile liquid vapors has been generated.

Electronic and Magnetic Materials

Nd-Fe-B permanent magnets are outstanding in their magnetic properties like intrinsic coercivity and large energy products (BH). However, due to the low Curie temperature of NdjFe14B, magnetic remanence Br and intrinsic coercivity, Hc, decreases rapidly with the increase of temperature. Improvement in the properties of meltspun Nd-Fe-B ribbons and magnets prepared from them has been sought via introduction of low concentration (<5at. %) of other elements like Ga, Dy, Si

Neutron and X-Ray Diffraction

The IAEA TC project PAK/4/044 has been successfully completed. Under this project, a small angle neutron scattering instrument has been designed, developed and installed at beam tube No. 5 at PARR-1 and will be utilized for defect studies of materials of interest. Work on the synthesis and characterization of double perovskite mate-

12

Annual Report

2003-2004

Carbon Based Nano-technology

Carbon based nano-technology lab. has been established. A special type of clustering source has been designed. The special feature of this source is the graphite dual hollow cylinders, one acting as hollow cathode and other as hollow anode. These cylinders have been encapsulated in quartz tube to visually observe the d i f f e r e n t p h e n o m e n a o c c u r r i n g in t h e regenerative sooting discharge. Some fullerenes CJC70 on macroscopic scale have been synthesized and characterized. These are in powder form and have been verified by using HPLC and by dissolving in toluene.

103

Pd, 1 "Pd (n,pn+d+np) 103Pd, " Z n (n,p)64Cu and aZr(n,p)S0Y respectively.

Track Detectors Applications

A new method of determining neutron fluence for reactor neutrons based on the change in transmittance of light through neutron exposed etched track detectors was developed previously at Physics Research Division (PRD). In order to confirm the authenticity of the method, five new samples of CR-39 werf exposed at PARR-1 for five different neutron fluence values. It has been observed that the neutron fluence found by the method mentioned above was in agreement with the actual value within the experimental errors. Experiments were performed to determine the etching characteristics in CR-39, for the fission fragments etched in 6M NaOH solution containing different concentrations of Na 2 C0 3 . Track etch rates in CR-39, etched in above-mentioned solutions kept at three different temperatures, were deduced from the slopes of the plots of track length versus etching time. Moreover, bulk etch rates have also been deduced from the slopes of the lines fitted to the plots of track diameters versus etching time. In connection with the setting up of a laboratory for prolonged etching of solid state nuclear track detectors, the installation of a heating system for the etching solution based on oil circulation in etching bath driven by pumps has been made. Th^ function of this apparatus has been successfully tested.

Nuclear Interaction Studies

The heavy ion interactions at energy < 20 MeV/u are usually used for the study of nuclear properties and r e a c t i o n m e c h a n i s m s at low excitations. The kinematical analysis of the first step of the heavy ion reaction (16.7 MeV/u) U+Au using mica track detector has been completed. It has been revealed that the initial mass asymmetry of the system (0.09) is enhanced through a flow of matter from target to projectile in the case of three-pronged events, while the flow in opposite direction leads to four-pronged events. The experimental total reaction cross-section of heavy ion reactions (14.5 MeV/u) 132Xe + Bi using CR-39 track detector has been calculated which came out to be (4587830) mb. This is comparable with the value of theoretically calculated total reaction cross-section 4641.7 mb. The projectile fragmentation in heavy ion reaction (158 A GeV) Pb + Pb is being studied using CR-39 plastic track detectors by measuring the track parameters of two detectors choosing one detector placed before and one after the target in the stack. The search for light magnetic monopoles (SLIM) project is being carried out with international collaboration. An experimental set-up has been made at Koksil, Gilgit. In order to study the effects of possible radon and neutron background at SLIM experimental site CR-39 plastic track detectors have been exposed in the building from May 2002 to May 2003. After etching and scanning all the detectors the radon concentration in the environment of experimental setup has been found to be (10 46+6.25) Bq/m3. The detectors placed for the measurement of neutron background have also been analyzed. The preliminary measurement of the cosmic ray neutron flux was found to be(5.340.64) lO^cm^h" 1

Charge Particle Accelerator

100 keV charged particle accelerator designed and made for GC University Lahore has been installed in the newly established Nano-technology lab, Centre for Advanced Studies in Physics (CASP) premises and inaugurated. A mobile astronomical observatory was made to observe the Venus motion while it crossed the Sun, when earth, Sun arid Venus were collinear. An experiment was performed to characterize carbon molecules/clusters at the tip of the cathode during the dc arc discharge. Scanning electron m i c r o s c o p e (SEM), having energy dispersive system as an attachment, was used to characterize the carbon molecules. XRD patterns were also taken to correlate the molecular structure with SEM study.

Nuclear Geological Studies

Samples of phosphatic nodules collected from the sandstone of Nilawahan Group near Chakwal were studied using fission track technique for the determination of uranium concentration. Uranium concentration in these samples ranges from (434 39) to (964 81) ppm with an average concentration of (690 62) ppm. These results favour the idea of exploring the area in detail for any possible occurrence of uranium deposit.

Nuclear Cross-section Studies

Nuclear reaction cross-sections measurement work on medically important radionuclides will continue. At present the work on Cd, Pd, Zn, and Zr for nuclear reactor production feasibility studies of'"Pd, " C u and ,0Y respectively, is in progress. The reactions of interest are 10SCd(n,a)

13 Annual Report

2003-2004

Blood Samples for "Fe/58Fe Isotopic Ratio Analysis

The neutron induced fission technique was applied for the estimation of the uranium concentration in drinking water samples collected from Skardu city, Northern Pakistan. The concentrations are less than the maximum acceptable concentration levels of 9-30 mgL \ Fission track dating studies on Jawar carbonatites of Sillai Patti area were performed. An average age of (29.1 1.9) Ma and a pooled age of (30.6 1.6) Ma was obtained. This age is close to the fission track age of (32.1 1.9 Ma) on zircon from the nearby Sillai Patti carbonatite, K-Ar dates of (31 2 ) Ma on biotite from the LoeShilman and Sillai Patti carbonatites, U-Pb age of (29.26 0.12) Ma on zircon from the alkaline pegmatitic dykes of lower Swat area and Ar-Ar age of (28.4 1.1) Ma on muscovite from the same dyke of the earlier workers. This relationship confirms that the fission-track apatite age of this study is the emplacement age of the Jawar carbonatite. This strongly suggests the occurrence of an Oligocene alkaline magmatic episode within the region.

were collected after feeding dose to children. Samples were digested and sent to Baylor College of Medicine Houston, USA for Isotopic ratio analysis of "Fe/ "Fe. The preliminary data of isotope ratio analysis has been obtained. On the basis of results it was recommended that elemental iron, being less expensive and stable, should be tested vigorously for fortification programme. FeS0 4 and FeS04-EDTA, because of shorter shelf life and cost, may not be a suitable option for nation wide flour fortification programme.

rainwater samples collected from selected stations with the collaboration of WAPDA, Irrigation Department and Meteorological Dfepartment was interpreted. Erivironmental isotopic analysis of shallow and deep groundwater samples from ShorkOt area was carried out for management of saltaffected lands and brackish waters in Pkistan. Isotope and chemical data of groundwater samples from Quetta Aquifer has shown that the hard-rock aquifer and the alluvial aquifer were well connected and that the age of groundwater was more than 50 years. Radiotracer experiments conducted in five experimental wells at In-Situ Leach Mining Project, Taunsa confirmed that there was no movement of lixiviant along the dip. Transit velocities of the lixiviant along the strike for different interwell distances were provided. Interwell tracing of water flood using tritiated water was performed for enhanced oil recovery studies at Fimkassar Oilfield. Tritium contents of water samples collected from production well indicated that there was no quick channel connecting the injection well and that the production well and the waterflood was sweeping a large volume. Tritium analysis of 235 water samples was extended to various countries on commercial basis under the IAEA/RCA programmes.

Radioisotope Hydrology
Development of groundwater flow and contaminant transport model of Lahore aquifer" was accomplished. Water and gas samples were collected from different geothermal manifestations at Tatta Pani (AJK), Chakwal and Northern areas to rank the potential of these geothermal sites in Pakistan. Geothermal fields in Northern Areas and Chagi are found to have good reservoir potential for energy exploitation. 137Cs and herbicide contents were measured on soil and water samples collected from Rawal Watershed, Fateh Jang and Sandaymar Dam for sediment fingerprinting and assessment of erosion/associated pesticide contamination. Isotopic and chemical data obtained from analysis of river and

HUH

!M8WM!*IIfi

Life Sciences
A total of 155 1JC urea breath tests (UBTs) were p e r f o r m e d o n commercial basis in the Breath Mat Laboratory at NORI. For the project "Iron fortification of wheat flour (Atta) component III Bioavailability", relative bioavailability of three potential sources of iron fortificants (elemental iron, FeS0 4 , and FeSO-EDTA) in wheat flour cooked into Chapatti, Leavened Chapatti and Nan was evaluated. Blood samples of study subjects (boys and girls of 6-11 years)

Sampling of Geothermal spring at Ziarat, Distt. Chagi Annual Report 2003-2004

14

Stable Isotope Hydrology

Soil, water and soil gas samplings were carried out at Kasur and Sambrial sites to study the pollutant transport behaviour in unsaturated zone. Isotopic and chemical analyses were performed on the collected samples. Chemical analysis of water indicates the presence of As (Arsenic) at some locations, which is beyond the permissible limits. Most of the pollutants present in tannery effluents and sewage are blocked within the unsaturated zone having clay lenses. Under the IAEA project "INT/5/44", analytical services were extended to IAEA member states including Bangladesh, Iran, Korea, Phillipines, SriLanka, Syria, Thailand and Tunisia. These services include analysis of more than 1200 samples for 1 '0, z H, "C, 15N. Soil/water samples from NIAB were also analyzed for "C, 1, Oand 2 H.

Islamabad to investigate impact of contaminant transport from landfills, septic systems and sewage drains into potable groundwater environment. Physiochemical parameters like electrical conductivity, pH, dissolved oxygen, redox, and turbidity were measured in-situ. Coliform bacterial analysis of these samples showed that tube wells situated along the Lei Stream belt contain significant population of fecal coliform, an organism which indicates contamination from sewage systems.

Systems Labs, was carried out to help promote research and development activities and to look for defects and discontinuities etc.

Environmental Research
Modeling strategies for different aquifers including Lahore, Rawalpindi-lslamabad, Peshawar and Gujranwala were prepared. Feasibility studies were made to apply hydrological computer code "Visual Modflow" for groundwater recharge and groundwater quality evaluations in part ofthe Leh stream basin within Rawalpindi-Islamabad. Different modules of climate model "RegCm" were studied for climate modeling of South Asia region, especially, floods, droughts and extreme rainfall events. A preliminary survey of noise levels in selected hospitals of Rawalpindi and Islamabad was done.

Industrial Research
Corrosion monitoring in oil/gas pipelines using thin layer activation (TLA) technique was completed at the Pakistan Oilfields Limited (POL) and the results were conveyed to the concerned authorities. Using 13,l radiotracer, leakage investigation was performed in an underground cooling water pipeline at a thermal power station. The time lag between the arrival, at detectors, of radiotracer flowing inside the pipeline and that present in the leakage water (outside the pipeline) was exploited to identify the position of leakage. The tracer test revealed the leakage at two points.

Laser Applications
One hundred and fifty 150 units of Laser Land Leveler (LLL) were assembled and handed over to different public organizations and private farmers. Two-step laser spectroscopy of Zinc, Cadmium, and Mercury was performed using the Nd: Yag laser as a pump for dye laser. Both the dye lasers were frequency doubled by BBO crystals. The vapor containment system was thermionic diode ion detector. A laboratory is being setup for "Laser cooling and trapping of alkali atoms, mainly Rb and Gs". The development, of three narrow band extended cavity diode laser systems (ECDLs) is in progress. The PCBs ofthe drivers for

Isotope Ecology and Geochemistry

Forty (40) water samples pertaining to surface water (Layari River, Malir River, Indus River and Karachi sea) and shallow/deep ground water were collected from Karachi Metropolis and analyzed for M S stable isotope content. The results suggest that the shallow aquifer system mainly hosts recharge from local rainfall, infiltrated polluted river water (Layari/Malir River Water) and Indus River Water, while the confined deep groundwater system hosts trapped seawater. 58 groundwater samples pertaining to pumping wells, hand-pumps and springs were collected from urban

Non-Destructive Testing
Development work on non-destructive testing techniques to qualify Low Enriched Uranium (LEU) silicide fuel for research reactors was carried out. Dimensional measurements in locally developed LEU fuel piates were e x a m i n e d critically by X-ray radiography. Fabricated LEU fuel plates still lack in homogeneity as reflected in radiographic examination. Based on radiographic examination, Tension and Torsion (TT) straps of helicopters from different Army Aviation Bases have been recommended for additional flying hours. Radiographic examination of samples from NMD, H. T. cable from HPD, graphite element of PARR-1, ceramic and classified samples from Nucleonic
Annual Report 2003-2004

Collection of Soil Core samples from Kasur Tannery Area

Laser Land Leveler working in the field

15

these lasers are ready and are now being assembled in a 19" sub-rack. A setup for saturation absorption spectroscopy of Cs is in progress using Toptica's DL-100 Laser system operating at 50mW, 850nm, Cesium vapor cell and Lock-in amplifier. An ultra-high vacuum chamber for producing magneto-optical-trap (MOT) has already been developed. Until now we have attained a vacuum in the range of 10'7 mbar in the MOT chamber using ion vacuum pump, turbo molecular pump and KF fittings. The exploration regarding thermoanalytical (TG-GTG-DTA) characterization on various metal complexes, such as MLX2 (where M = Co II, Cu II, Zn II, Ni II, Cd II, and Hg II; L = DIE (1,2-Dimidezoloethane) and DIP (1,3-Dimidezoloprpane); X = CI"1, Br1, I"1 and NO/1) in air as well as inert atmosphere, is being done in order to investigate their mode of decomposition patterns as well as stability.

regenerated to full capacity and reused. Ion exchange-isothermal super saturation process for production of Li2CO, from dilute lithium hydroxide solution was developed to recover metal. This recovery process is environmental friendly and economical as compared to evaporative crystallization process.

Powder Properties Measurement Laboratory is being established. A few units like bulk density, tap density and void fraction apparatus have been fabricated and tested.

Corrosion Studies
Detailed studies for the evaluation of mechanical properties of Monel-400 tubes of KANUPP heat exchanger were carried out. The tubes were cleaned with KANDECON solution. Tensile specimens were evaluated for the mechanical properties. The results indicated no sign of degradation in mechanical properties of these tubes with a passage of 30 years in service. Assessment of crud left after the cleaning of Monel-400 tubes of steam generator # 1 at KANUPP, for the effectiveness of KANDECON cleaning solution, was carried out. The assessment of amount of crud in uncleaned Monel tube of steam generator # 6 was also carried out. The weight loss by the removal of crud was 0.02 g/cm of the tube approximately. Metallographic observation of the cleaned specimen did not show any appreciable layer at inner side of the tube; only very fine specks of crud remained sticking inside the tube specimens. Failure analysis study of crashed aircraft Cessna 402B of Edhi revealed no metallurgical defects, discontinuities, flaws, foreign materials especially carbon/antimony/ sulphur in all representative areas of fuselage material (Aluminum alloy). Microstructure also did not reveal any abnormal structure. The probable cause of material failure could be either aging or overloading or the conjoint effect of both which had exceeded the present limits of the material strength. R & D study on the effect of Mg addition on mechanical properties of aluminium was carried out. Al alloys with variable Mg contents i.e. 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3% and 0.4% have been developed at NMD. These have been rolled down to 86% reduction in cross-section with final thickness of 1.4 mm. An increase in the tensile

Special Material Studies

A laboratory named "Materials Processing Laboratory" is being established in NMD and five laboratory scale units have been i n s t a l l e d and c o m m i s s i o n e d , including double Pipe/Shell & Tube Heat Exchangers, Miniature Cooling Tower, Electrolytic Cell, Gas Absorber and Fluidizers. Installation of four more units i.e. Fluid Flow Rig, Perforated Plates Pulse column, Mixer-Settlers Battery and Miniature DMWUnitisin progress.

MATERIAL SCIENCE
Chemical Material Studies
Adsorption studies of "Ni on charcoal evacuated at 300C, 800C and 1000C were performed with a view to study the containment of radioactive waste. Radiotracer batch equilibrium experiments under variable physiochemical conditions, pH of soptive media, agitation time, sorbate, concentration and temperature were carried out. 1-vinyl 2-pyrrolidone-divinyibenzene copolymer was synthesized using suspension polymerization technique. The resin was sulphonated, characterized, and used for the uptake studies of Cs-137 and Sr-90 radioisotopes. Despite a very good porosity, the resin is mechanically strong. Porous polyacrylonitrile-hydrated antimony pentoxide (PAN-HAP) composite was synthesized on laboratory scale and was used for selective removal of sodium from aqueous lithium solutions. The regeneration parameters of PANHAP composite were established. As a result, the composite can be

Process Development Studies

Fluidization studies for continuous feed & discharge system in single, two and three-stage battery of fluidizers were carried out. Different fractions of carbonatite and aluminium oxide powders and balls of two different materials i.e. glass and steel were used in the studies. Experiments were performed with varying gas flow rates through the column loaded with powder. It was observed that maximum mass transfer took place at 7 lit/min and 13 lit/min with time duration of 30 minutes in fixed and fluidized beds respectively. Work was initiated to develop a process for the production of nucleargrade U0 2 from In-Situ uranium leach liquors using ammonium carbonate solutions. Some of the parameters have been studied. Studies on bioleaching of low-grade graphitic schist ore sample were started for the extraction of uranium but the results were not encouraging because of the.absence of pyrites in the ore.
Annual Report 2003-2004

16

strength of the alloys with increasing Mg content has been noticed.

Materials Research
Studies on surface modification of metal substrate such as stainless steel by reactive oxides are continued. Some more experiments on non-isothermal oxidation of yttriadoped zirconia coated stainless steel were performed. Some experiments on normal oxidation of uncoated stainless steel and non-isothermal oxidation of stainless steel were carried out. Installation of Laser welding equipment was carried out. Attachment of air filter and extra supply of argon gas for inert atmosphere to welding

of about 6 mm. Two types of pores were observed. Fine pores were found distributed uniformly throughout the sample, whereas relatively coarse pores were observed at particle boundary. Study for development of low temperature sintering process for PWR fuel pellets were continued. The pellets were sintered in COz atmosphere in temperature range from 1000 C to 1300 C. Results revealed that pellets sintered at 1300 C for four hours had attained the required density of 10.5 g/cm3. Microstructural investigation revealed that pellets contained equiaxed but inhomogeneous grain structure. In some areas, grains of 6 to 8 mm were present while the if size of the grains in other area was only > ;; 1 to 2 mm. i;. " ! ji-,' F a b r i c a t i o n and characterization of boron carbide pellets was carried out. Pellets of fine powder with particle size of 1 to 5 mm have shown good sinterability at 2150 C in argon atmosphere.

hanical and physical properties of zirconium base alloys are being carried out. Hydride layerof thickness 12 to 26 mm was deposited.

Polymer Processing and Radiation Studies

R a d i a t i o n c r o s s - l i n k e d flame retardant LDPE/PVC based wire insulations have been developed, irradiated using electron beam and tested for electrical, thermal, mechanical, flame retardancy and radiation resistance properties in c o n f o r m i t y with i n t e r n a t i o n a l standards. All the insulations passed the tests. Development of these insulations makes it possible to develop nuclear power cables in which other sheath is FRPVC and insulation is made of flame retardant crosslinked LDPE. QA/QC work has been undertaken to assess the performance of l&C cables at KANUPP.

ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES
A high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) procedure has been developed for separation and characterization of fullerenes in carbon soot. High molecule carbon compounds namely C i0 and C70 has been separated and identified using C18 reversed phase column and UV detector. A gas c h r o m a t o g r a p h y (GC) procedure has been developed for simultaneous separation of saturated

Laser Welding Machine

chamber was provided. Laser welding of stainless steel strips was done on experimental basis. Welding studies of different materials have been initiated. Work on magnesium aluminium silicate machinable glass is in progress. Pellets of different compositions were prepared and sintered. Sintered density upto 2.28g/ccwas achieved.

Alloy Development and Mechanical Testing

In continuation to the ongoing project: "LEU fuel fabrication for PARR-1 ", arc melting parameters for synthesis of U,Si2 were finaliz e d w i t h 97% phases concentration determined by XRD. Blending of powder at 310 rpm for 4 hours was found to be the best of all. Studies on hydrogen and hydride induced degradation of the mec-

Fuel Fabrication
Studies to produce PWR fuel pellets were continued. After establishing the sintering parameters, metallography of U0 2 pellets was carried out to determine the grain structure and morphology of pores. The results revealed that sintered pellets had equiaxed grains with an average size

Arc Melting

Furnace

17 Annual Report 2003-2004

radioactivity in samples analyzed so far is under the permissible levels. Ten samples of different brands of mineral water consumed in

exceeding the WHO recommended limits. Spectra of 36 samples previously collected from 17 different localities with in the country were taken with HPGe detector system. The gamma spectra of 9 soil samples from the areas of Gujrat, Eisakhel, Mandi Bahaudin, Chalas, Taxila, D.I. Khan and Mansehra were analyzed for activities due to " 2 Th and "K. The levels of radiation were found to be in the range (0.241-1.448) Bq/Kg, (0.321-1.714) Bq/Kg and (118.9261114.152) Bq/Kg for uranium, thorium and K-40 respectively.

Rawalpindi/

Islamabad area ' have been analyzed for natural Multi-channel Analyser set radioactivity. The radioactivity measured in samples so far shows no hydrocarbons from unsaturated abnormal trends analogues using indigenously developed GC column packing Five different material (Fe 2 0 3 coated alumina species of plant columns). Improved selectivity have biomonitorsforthe been achieved regarding separation environmental of C,-C4 saturated / unsaturated monitoring were hydrocarbons. Effect of temperature analyzed for short on selectivity has been completed. and medium lived trace elements Various complexans (EDTA, DPTA, using instrumental EGTA) have been incorporated to neutron activation mask high contents of iron in uranium analysis. Finding determination in various IAEA, shows that these standard reference materials (SRMs) A scintillation based portable Radiation Monitor plant leaves can using ion-pair HPLC. (Pylon MoorAB-SR) be used as bioOctadecyl silane (ODS) reversedmonitors for the phase column has been modified to A scintillation based portable evaluation of atmospheric pollution dynamically anion-exchange column radiation monitor (Pylon Model ABlevels. using various tetra alkyl ammonium 5R), provided by IAEA, has been In connection with correlation studies salts for the analysis of essential and made operational in environmental of bloodmetal contents with cardiotoxic anions in potable water. radiation laboratory of PRD. The vascular and renal hypertensive measurements of radon in the soils of Viscosity behavior of La(N0 3 ) 3 , patients, 105 samples of whole blood 15 cities of Pakistan were carried out Ce(N0 3 ), and Pr(N03)3 in aqueous were analyzed for their copper, zinc, using this instrument. The radon level solutions has been studied as a lead and cadmium contents using in soil gas of these areas was found to function of concentration and tematomic absorption spectrometer. The be in the range 22-184 pCi/l, which is perature as a reference data. The results indicated that the concenless than maximum limits set by data have been analyzed in terms of tration of copper, lead and cadmium IAEA. Jones-Dole equation and values of is increased and that of zinc is interaction coefficients were comdecreased in patients as compared to The project to study the ecosystem the normal subjects. puted. around the industrial areas of Faisalabad and Gujranwala was Under the IAEA project "Air pollution Environmental Studies continued. Sixty three samples, and its trend", 114 samples of comprising vegetables, crops and airborne particulate matter (APM) Natural radioactivity in soil samples soil samples, previously collected collected on coarse and fine filter from 34 districts of Punjab is being during the winter season, were papers have been analyzed for their measured. Five samples from exposed In PARR-1 and PARR-2 with black carbon contents by using different locations in each district will thermal neutrons for 2,10, 25, 35 and smoke stain reflectometer (SSR). be analyzed. Three sets of 17 300 minutes. This study documented high suspensamples each were analyzed during ded particulate concentrations the period under report. The

18

Annual Report 2003-2004

The gamma spectra, obtained for these samples were analyzed for short, medium and long lived radionuclides. The calculations for the concentration of 30 elements in each of 42 samples, studied so far, have been carried out.

Adsorption Studies
The preconcentration of Eu onto sawdust; and Eu, Tb and Tm onto PAN (1-(-2-Pyridylazo)-2-naphthol) embedded synthetic polymer has been studied. Effect of temperature, various anions and cations, and selectivity of sorbent has also been studied. A new separation procedure for Cd in Iodide medium from Zn bulk has been developed using polyurethane foam packed column. Extraction of rare earth elements (Pr, Ho, Gd and Sm) with picrolonic acid (HPA) in MIBK has been studied. Selectivity of the extraction system for various mono-, di-, tri-, and tetra valent metal ions was also studied. Effect of various neutral donors such as TPPO, TOPO, Benzo-15-crown-5 (15BC5), 15-crown-5 (15C5), Cyanex 471x, Picoline-N-oxide and TBA for the extraction of Eu(lll) with HPA from pH 2 buffer solutions was tested and it was observed that synergic enhancement was of the o r d e r of T O P O > T P P O @ Cyanex471x>1 5BC5>15C5. However, TBA showed antagonism due to strong affiliation with HPA and Picoline-N-oxide did not show good synergism due to its solubility in aqueous solution. A good synergic e n h a n c e m e n t has also been observed for the extraction of Eu(lll) with hexafluoroacetylacetone (HFAA) + TPPO in benzene from pH 2-5 buffer solutions. Radiochemical separation methodology was developed for the separation of bulk of the radioactivity produced by (n,g) reactions on the target materials. Radiochemical separation procedures forZn, Cu, Rh and Ru were developed and applied during the period under report. The yield ofthe radiochemical procedures was established by performing a series of experiments with the tracers.

supplied to nuclear medical centers. Other supplies include, sodium car'bo.nate (MNa) 140 mCi to R-Block, "mTc ( 5 0 0 m C i ) to PIEAS, 131l (1200 mCi) to RIAD, 32P (5 mCi) to Karachi University, 1 "Cs (10 mCi) and " 7 Cs (150 mCi) to D. I. Khan University. Total supply of
GC-MS, CP-3800 GC, Saturn 2000 MS in CAFD for the analysis of organic compounds

radioactive

Research & Developments of Fuel Cells

Theoretical studies for the development of electrochemical methods for the characterization of electro catalysts for fuel cells and coupling of electrochemical instruments for potentiostatics and galvanostatic measurements for fuel cell have been done. A method has been developed for the characterization of catalytic activity of fuel cell electrodes by voltammetry. Design work is being done for the preparation of fuel cell stack. Studies have been initiated for the evaluation of fuel cell electrodes using Tafel plots. A method has been developed for the coating of graphite by catalyst metals for the preparation of catalyst materials for fuel cell electrodes.

products was 94845 mCi, worth Rs. 53,04,500, whereas supply on complimentary basis was 1885 mCi, worth Rs. 24,00,500. 9154 vials of eleven different cold kits worth Rs. 56,51,600/= were also supplied during this period.

PAKGEN Tc " m Generator

Regular production of PAKGEN 99mTc generator was continued and 206 consignments of 114355 mCi worth Rs. 20,79,000/= were dispatched to nuclear medical centres and two hospitals in private sector.

Central Analytical Facilities

During this period 400 samples were analyzed on payment basis by ICP, AAS, XRF, AES, HPLC, lonchromatography and GC. A revenue of Rs. 10,88,000/- was generated. These samples were received from different centers of PAEC as well as outside PAEC. Various research activities include development, modifications and improvements of multi-element hydride generation technique for ICPOES for As, Sb, Se and Te and development of reliable method for the determination of sub-ppb level boron in the nuclear grade steel and aluminum by ICP-OES and SparkOES. The study of determination of Cu, Fe, Zn and Mn in soil samples collected from various ecosites of the country

SERVICES AND PRODUCTS

Radioisotope and Radiopharmaceutical Cold Kits Production
Regular supply of sodium iodide (131l) consisting of 458 consignments (94750 mCi) worth Rs. 51,46,100 was dispatched to different nuclear medical centres in Pakistan. 9 consignments of sodium phosphate (32P, 75 mCi), worth Rs. 1,18,000 and 4 consignments of MIBG-"1I (19.5 mCi) worth Rs. 30400 were also

19 Annual Report

2003-2004

by employing AAS by various digestion procedures was completed. Determination of toxic elements in Indus Basin Sediments and of essential elements in an herb named Fagonia Cretica by using AAS is in progress. Separation, identification, monitoring and degradation of Chloropesticides (PoPs) using GC are continued. Preparation of material and fabrication of glass columns for preconcentration and also radiolytic d e f r a g m e n t a t i o n of PAHS is underway. Enhancement of the sensitivity of Hf determination in Zirconium Oxide by AES was carried out.

IPD etc. and got analyzed for the detection of accidental/abnormal releases of radioactive materials into the environment. 1742 consignments of radioactive material/radiation sources were checked and authorized for safe transportation to various places within and outside PINSTECH.

RWMG, for the detection and measurement of gamma emitting fission fragments and activation products. 170 samples were analyzed for the measurement of 131l and 63 environmental samples forthe measurement 5Sr activity. Thyroid scanning facility for the determination of any inhaled activity of 1311 was provided to 98 radiation workers of Iodine plant. Services of mobile radiation monitoring laboratory (MRML) were extended in emergency preparedness and off-site radiological environmental monitoring and hazard assessment p r o g r a m m e . M e a s u r e m e n t of ambient gamma dose level around PINSTECH was made and an average dose rate of 0.210 0.048 mGyh"1 was obtained, using G-2 TLD cards. Assistance for the smooth operation and functioning of radiation emergency centers (REAC-1 & 2) was sustained.

Radiation Dosimetry
Personnel monitoring services for external sources of radiation were provided, at the Institute as well as on Country level, using thermoluminescence dosimetry (TLD) and film badge dosimetry techniques. The services were provided on monthly basis to about 3100 radiation workers of 285 establishments. About 28000 films and TL-dosimeter were processed. Environmental/area monitoring services using TLD cards (G-2) were provided and 847 TLD cards were processed.

Environmental Monitoring
Radiological assessment of 283 air particulate samples was made, through countrywide air monitoring network. Safe operation of PINSTECH nuclear facilities was confirmed through strict radiological surveillance and environmental monitoring. Radiometric analysis services were provided for 2698 environmental samples received from IPD, PARR-1, PARR-2 artf

Applied Health Physics

Technical improvements were suggested for safe packaging and disposal of radioactive waste from various places of 11l plant. Personnel radiation contamination monitoring services were provided on about 16,463 occasions to different radiation workers, trainees and visitors at PARR-1, PARR-2, NCD, and IPD. About 16,010 radiation/contamination surveys were conducted in different labs./plants of PINSTECH. 8,628 smear samples, 400 air samples and 162 water samples were also collected from the halls of PARR-1, PARR-2 and labs, of NCD,

Secondary Standard Dosimetry Laboratory

During the reported period, 105 protection level survey meters, 36 radiation monitoring detectors, 247 pen type/alarm dosimeters, 7 neutron survey meters, and 9 therapy level dosimeters were calibrated and certificates were issued. Beam output measurements of 6 teletherapy units, installed at various Radiotherapy Institutes in the country were carried out and reports were issued. 431 TLDs were irradiated using 60Co/137Cs irradiation facilities.

Mobile Radiation Monitoring Laboratory (MRML) during field survey Annual Report 2003-2004

20

Radioactive Waste Management

Approx. 1020 m3 of low-level liquid waste received from PARR-1, PARR2, IPD and NCD having gross beta/gamma activity of 2211 MBq was disposed off after necessary treatment. 17 kg of medium level solid waste received from IPD was placed in an interim storage for decay/ disposal. 6.6 m3 of low-level solid waste having short-lived beta/ gamma emitting radionuclides was received for disposal. 164 samples of exhaust air from PARR-1, PARR-2 and IPD (131l plant) were collected and got monitored for any abnormal release. Bore-holes were monitored 12 times to check the underground movement/migration of radionuclides from disposal area. Controlled area/personnel monitoring was performed 10 times using area/ personnel TLDs. 17 radiation sources of 57Co & one "Sr source from MINAR, Multan, large number of 132lr sources seeds from M/s Shaukat Khanun Memorial Cancer Hospital, Lahore, 3 sources of 1 "lr from FFC, Rahim Yar Khan, Sadiqabad and 27 sources 132lr from JIACCO (Pvt) Limited, Lahore were collected and placed in an interim storage for conditioning and disposal.

reader was studied for reverse engineering and a preliminary report was submitted.

Computers
A general-purpose interface module for data acquisition and control through parallel port for industrial process and laboratory automation has been developed. This module offers, 8 single ended analogue inputs of 0 to 10V, unipolar & bipolar input range, 8-bit resolution, four digital inputs/outputs, one analogue output, +12V, -12Vand+5Von board. This module is used in the project "Design of development of an expert system for process monitoring and control". Compact Muon solenoid (CMS) production center is established in PINSTECH, which is a part Of PAECCERN collaboration. Commissioning of various packages such as batch object submission system (BOSS) and MySQL are completed. A Web site is developed and published to reflect CMS production activities at PINSTECH. This site provides the information about the status of production in PINSTECH. The URL given by the National Centre for Physics (NCP) for this site is: http://www.ncp.edu.pk/PAEC1/. Software for network security is developed to monitor network traffic

and possibly detect any malicious contents in it. Presently software is able to capture all packets. It can also map the open ports, which is the normal practice of worm for continuous monitoring ofthe system. The SUN computer systems computation services worth Rs.1.5 Million against 1503.94 CPU hours were provided during the period. Help was extended to upgrade PINSTECH Library into National Library of Physical Sciences for establishing the Local Area Network in SID and also installed Windows NT 2K base advance Network server, Database server and information server.

Scientific Information
During this period SDI services were provided extracting from 38,435 documents from INIS database, 13,478 documents from technical reports and 27,654 documents from TOC's of journals respectively. About 345 online retrospective search results were provided from INIS database on CD-ROM to the users from PAEC and other R&D organizations. INIS database covers the period from 1970 to April 2004. Similarly, IAEA's non-conventional literature (NCL) and current contents database received weekly on floppy diskettes were also provided to the users as and when required.

Electronics and Instrumentation

A safety log-linear channel was fabricated and sent to KANUPP for field testing. A delayed neutron monitoring channels is being designed for KANUPP. Annual test and calibration of PARR-1 was carried out. Routine repair and maintenance of instrumentation and control systems of PARR-1 and PARR-2 were carried out. One dc power supply (0-1 100V, @ 0.1A), six personal gamma alarms; and a temperature alarm were made. Reconditioning of four surveymeters were completed. The instruments were developed for use in research and development work. Twenty transformers and one hundred fourteen printed circuits were made for repair and development work. A TLD

.;>i /' ''iii

CERN-CMS Production Laboratory at PINSTECH 21 Annual Report 2003-2004

As SID is the national center for International Nuclear Information System (INIS) in Pakistan, the input of the research material originated in Pakistan in the area of nuclear science and technology is one of its primary responsibilities. During this period 370 inputs were processed and sent to INIS database of IAEA. Similarly 285 documents have been dispatched to INIS to assist IAEA as voluntary contribution by Pakistan. Regarding the project "Upgradation/ strengthening of PINSTECH Library into National Library of Physical Sciences (NLPS)", Internet connectivity through radio modem and Elibrary system package is near completion. SID has continued its efforts for speedy acquisition, storage, retrieval

and dissemination of scientific and technical information in support of different PAEC programmes as well as other R&D organization/universities within the'country. The total collection of library now stands at 35,542 books, more than 1.28 million of non-conventional literature (NCL) and over 60,536 backdated journals. SID desktop publishing cell is continuously providing support to other divisions and establishments. In this respect several jobs like 'Glimpses from Fresh Arrival', PakAtom, 'AtomNews' 'Nucleus', brochures and different leaflets like Saline Agriculture for Participatory Development Project in Pakistan, Nathiagali Summer College, Breast Cancer, Agro Land Leveler and

PAEC Annual Reports for the last two years have been published and printed in SID printing press.

Programme Coordination
Programme Coordination Division provides liaison between PINSTECH, PAEC establishments, universities and other research organizations within and outside the country. It deals with coordination of all interdisciplinary scientific programmes, national and international research contracts, preparation of PINSTECH progress reports and collection and dissemination of scientific information and training of technical manpower within Pakistan and abroad. All visits to PINSTECH including VIP and experts visits are also taken care of by this division.

22

Annual Report

2003-2004

BIOSCIENCES
AGRICULTURE & BIOLOGY
PAEC has played a pivotal role in the enhancement of productivity of agricultural crops by evolving 47 new varieties, which have brought additional benefits to the farmers worth six billion rupees per annum. All of its agriculture centres, namely Nuclear Institute of Agriculture (NIA), Tandojam, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture & Biology (NIAB), Faisalabad and Nuclear Institute for Food & Agriculture (NIFA), Peshawar are working on R&D programme with the objective of tapping the latest research trends in agriculture for crop improvement through mutation breeding, pest management, prevention of post-harvest losses and by controlling salinity and waterlogging, etc. (27.32 metric tones) of these varieties was made available to the public and private sectors. During Rabi 2003-04, disease trap nurseries and disease screening nurseries were planted at NIA, Tandojam; NARC, Islamabad; CCRI, Pirsabak; WRI, Faisalabad and Badin for evaluation of prevailing spectrum of wheat diseases. Results indicated the appearance of new virulence capable of attacking genotypes possessing YrJT. Susceptibility to widely grown wheat variety lnqilab-91 is likely to be attributed to this virulence. From the screening nursery many genotypes have been found resistant against this virulence. The new candidate irrigated wheat line CT-00231 completed its two years mandatory evaluation conducted on more the 40 sites throughout Pakistan. The results of N U W Y T c o n d u c t e d at NIFA, Peshawar showed that under normal conditions this line has produced the highest grain yield (5067 kg/ha) and ranked first. The rainfed wheat line NRL-9912 included in NUWYT-Rainfed performed very well with respect to grain yield, rust resistance and other agronomic traits. Out of 9 promising rain-fed lines evaluated in replicated micro plot trials conducted at 9 sites in NWFP, three lines produced higher mean grain yield and showed wide adaptability. In the advanced barani yield trials, NRL-0228 followed by NRL-0201, NRL-0211 and NRL-0227 produced higher grain yield than the check varieties. Eight tons of quality seed of wheat varieties Tatara and Takbeer were produced at NIFA and Pirsabak Research Farms. About 5.5 tons Breeder Nucleus Seed of variety Fakhr-e-Sarhad was produced for future utilization. Regarding the production of stresstolerant-wheat through the use of agro-biodiversity, trials of advanced stress tolerant and low input material were conducted at various places starting from Faisalabad up to Rahim Yar Khan. The yield remained between 3000-4900 kg/ha with half the inputs used, compared to the recommended commercial varieties. In addition new hybrids were also produced using commercial varieties and salt-tolerant wild species especially Aegilops geneculata and A, Cylindrica.

CROP IMPROVEMENT PROGRAMME

Wheat
To evaluate the yield performance and stability of Bhittai, a new high yielding, disease resistant, drought tolerant, possessing high protein and dry gluten wheat variety, nonreplicated trials were conducted at the farmers' fields during 2003-04. The proposal for its release has been prepared for submission to the Technical sub-committee for the Approval of Varieties and Techniques, Government of Sindh. A candidate high yielding variety Sl911995 "Khirman" after evaluation in NUWYT, is being tested on progressive farmers' fields, particularly in the rice-wheat area. Three candidate lines having high yield, disease resistance and wide adaptation, viz. SD-66, 7-03 and RWM-9313 were promoted in the NUWYT. Wheat varieties Sarsabz and Kiran-95 evolved by NIA remained main cultivars in the province of Sindh. New variety Marvi 2000 was also inducted in the provincial wheat varietal system. High quality seed

New high yielding wheat line developed at NIFA

23 Annual Report 2003-2004

Cotton
The Punjab Seed Council, in its 29th meeting held in Lahore on April 9, 2004, approved NIAB-111 as a variety for general cultivation. Performance of varieties NIAB-999 and NIAB-111 was monitored in different agro-climatic zones in comparison with other commercial cultivars for various plant attributes. The data showed that both NIAB-999 and NIAB-111 possessed the trait of wider adaptability and stability for different plant attributes in different cotton growing zones. Evaluation of mutant NIAB-98, in various trials as a candidate variety for commercial release, was carried out. New mutant lines NIAB-824, NIAB846 were bulked, and evaluated for yield potential and other desirable traits at NIAB campus. NIAB-824, the most promising among these has been included in DGR trials. Twenty commercial varieties, 45 strains / lines, 40 healthy plants of NIAB-111, collected during 2002-03 from CLCuV-B hotspots, and available germplasm were evaluated through grafting against CLCuV-B under glasshouse conditions while CLCuV-M under net house conditions, to identify the genes for resistant sources. Observations for multiple disease resistance (i.e., CLCuV-Multan, cotton mosaic, bacterial blight, stunting and boll rots) revealed that most of these strains/progenies were highly resistant against CLCuV-old, cotton mosaic, bacterial blight and stunting complex. The pre-basic seed of Chandi-95 (190 kg) and Sohni (170 kg) was supplied to government/private seed agencies and progressive farmers. The varieties Chandi-95 and Sohni released by NIA were promoted to the growers of Sindh with complete package of production technology.

The variety Chandi-95 covered 12200 ha in Sindh and earned economic return of 650 million rupees. In follow-up programme, varietal purity of NIA varieties has been maintained over 24ha of Chandi-95 and 16ha of Sohni at different In follow-up programme, varietal purity of NIA varieties has been maintained over 24ha of Chandi-95 and 16ha of Sohni at different grower's fields.

Uniform Rice Yield Trial (aromatic) ranked 6th and 9th, respectively, and were sustained in the NURYT for next year. A new advanced mutant (nonaromatic) was contributed to the NURYT for its yield potential and stability parameters. NIAB-2000, an aromatic mutant has completed three years in the NURYT Based on three years results in the Punjab province, this mutant produced 9% higher yield than the standard Super-Basmati.

Rice
Pre-basic seed 2427 kg of rice varieties Shadab, Shua-92, Khushboo-95 and Sarshar was supplied to progressive growers of Sindh and Baluchistan provinces. These varieties cover about 58% of the total rice area in Sindh. An additional annual income of Rs. 15759 million has been generated through the cultivation of these varieties. Two candidate mutant varieties viz. IR6-25/A ( n o n - a r o m a t i c ) and Basmati-15-2 (aromatic) have been tested in National Uniform Rice Yield Trials (NURYT) during 2003. The non-aromatic mutant line IR625/A secured 7th position among the non-aromatic group and Basmati-152 secured 2nd position among the aromatic group. The proposal of aromatic mutant variety Bas-15-2 "Mehak" has been submitted to the Technical subCommittee for the Approval of Varieties and Techniques, Government of Sindh. To continue the purity cycle and production of pre-basic seed for supply to farmers, 20 true to type progenies of Niab-lrri-9 and 40 progenies of Kashmir Basmati were raised. About 500 kg pre-basic seed of Niablrri-9 was supplied to the Punjab Seed Corporation and progressive farmers. Two advanced lines namely, P 38-6-1 and P 52-9-2 included in the National

Chickpea
The chickpea advanced mutants were evaluated in adaptation yield trials at three locations in NWFP, i.e. NIFA, Agricultural Research Station, Karak and Agricultural Research Station, D. I. Khan during Rabi season 2003-2004. In case of Kabuli chickpea adaptation yield trial, the line CMNK-262-26 produced significantly higher seed yield of 2353 kg/ha compared to the standard check variety Hassan-2k (2271 kg/ha). Nine blight resistant mutant lines of an exotic line Pusa 329 (Desi type), and 6 bold-seeded and blight-tolerant Kabuli lines of variety Pb-1, were evaluated in multilocational yield trials conducted at different locations in chickpea growing areas. On the average of seven locations, Desi mutant line CM588/99 and Kabuli mutant line CM256/99 exhibited the highestyield 1404 kg/ha and 1124 kg/ha, respectively. To incorporate blight resistance and improved seed color, a high yielding hybrid line P40/91 was crossed with a blight resistant bold seeded Kabuli variety Noor-91. Hybrid lines yielded in the range of 833-1750 kg/ha. A check variety Pb-1 gave 840 kg/ha, while 6 lines gave 53-91% higher yield over the best check variety.

24

Annual Report

2003-2004

Oilseed Brassica
Mustard variety "NIFA-Mustard Cariola" was approved by the NWFP Provincial Seed Council in its meeting held on 8th October, 2003 for commercial cultivation in the rainfed and irrigated areas of NWFP.

Sesame
Sesame germplasm (106 lines) of indigenous and exotic origin were collected and planted during summer2003. Thirteen genotypes were selected on the basis of earliness in flowering/ maturity and ten genotypes were selected on the basis of high bearing, earliness and dwarf plant type.

sets of replicated yield trials during kharif 2003 at NIFA research farm. To evaluate the true breeding germplasm, different sets of yield trials and segregating germplasm were conducted at NIAB. During the adaptation yield trial comprising of 16 entries, line NM-15-11 produced significantly higher seed yield of 1847 kg/ha followed by NM-45-24-1 (1833 kg/ha) as compared to the check NM98(1621 kg/ha). One set of Mungbean Regional Mutant Multi-location Trials (RMMTs) was conducted at NIAB during spring 2004. NM-1 produced significantly higher seed yield (879 kg/ha) followed by NM-98 (843 kg/ha). An artificial inoculation technique for the screening of mungbean germplasm through grafting against M u n g b e a n - y e l l o w - m o s a i c was standardized. This technique is simple, inexpensive and faster. Screening of mungbean germplasm using this method will prevent the chance of escape infection, probably as a consequence of non-preference mechanism and loss of vector infectivity.

Mungbean
The high yielding mungbean variety AEM-96 evolved by NIA, Tandojam continued gaining popularity among the growers and covered about 30% area under mungbean in Sindh. The variety has contributed extra income of Rs. 32.6 million by its higher yield. During 2003-04, 590 kg pre-basic seed of AEM-96 has been produced. Two hundred kilogram high quality seed of AEM-96 was supplied to progressive growers for multiplication in 2004.
Castor bean-a high value industrial oilseed crop

The NIFA-Mustard Canola, being the first ever-mutant variety of mustard developed in Pakistan, is canola quality and has the potential to replace the non-canola indigenous varieties, thereby enhancing the domestic edible oil production. About 180 kg BNS of Abasin-95 and NIFA-Mustard Canola was developed at NIFA for maintaining the seed purity of these varieties. Moreover, 60 kg pure seed of candidate canola hybrid line (97-1/5-1) was also produced.

Candidate lines were evaluated in the zonal trials at five different locations in the province of Sindh. The germplasm of 156 entries was planted for maintaining its seed for breeding purposes. Hybridization in mungbean at NIA is being tried for the first time. The line NFM-12-12 was contributed to NUYTs and it got 4th position in the trials on national basis and 1st on provincial location basis. The yield trials of the five mungbean varieties/genotypes were conducted in different locations in NWFP during kharif 2003. Thirty-four advanced lines derived through eight different

Lentil
Two candidate lines AEL 49/20 and AEL 23/40 were included in Lentil National Uniform Yield Trial (LNUYT) 2003-04. The results provided by NARC, Islamabad showed that the candidate lines AEL 49/20 ranked first (2956 kg/ha) and AEL 23/40 (2903 kg/ha) 2nd in province of Sindh. Twelve genotypes were

Castor
Thirty castor lines were collected for evaluation and characterization. Twenty-four desirable mutants were selected in M2 generation on the basis of desirable parameters. Six promising lines selected from M2 were grown as M, generation. The seeds of two local lines were exposed to 150 - 400 Kr of gamma radiation for induction of desirable variability.

combinations of local and exotic germplasm were evaluated for seed yield and some important agronomic traits in three
Early maturing candidate lentil variety evolved through mutagensis 25 Annual Report 2003-2004

evaluated at five different locations in Sindh. Two mutant lines AEL 15/30 and AEL 23/40 (1648 kg/ha) were found promising. From two international nurseries, viz., Lentil International Drought Tolerance Nursery (LIDTN) and Lentil International Elite Nursery Early (LINE-E) of ICARDA, some early lines endowed with high grain yield were selected.

treatment as compared to control of 104.6 cm. There was a constant and gradual decrease in plant height with the increase in radiation dose.

Citrus
Seed-lessness was induced in Kinnow Citrus reticulata Blanco with gamma radiation and a sparsely seeded mutant (5 + seeds/fruit) was developed from highly seeded parent (25 + 5 seeds/fruit). After thorough testing and confirmation of stability of seedless character upto mV5, it is ready for commercialization with the progressive kinnow-growers. About 1000 seedless Kinnow mutant-plants will be prepared and sold to the farmers during 2004,

Sugarcane
NIA 98, a sugarcane variety developed at NIA, Tandojam gained popularity amongst the growers and has been grown on more than 5000 hectare in Sindh. Proposal of the candidate variety AEC86-347 (NIA2004) has been submitted to Technical Sub-Committee for the Approval of Varieties and Techniques for its approval. Breeding materials generated through mutation breeding, tissue culture and seed fuzz are in different stages of selection and evaluation.

bollworms population continued through pheromone baited traps. Overall, the population of the pink bollworm moths was higher throughout the year than spiny, spotted and American bollworm moths as determined from the number of insects captured per trap/month. Integrated treatment of parasitoids, Trichogramma chiionis in conjunction with pheromones, suppressed the bollworms infestation more effectively than separate t r e a t m e n t of p h e r o m o n e s or parasitoids at NIA. The bollworms management cost through the integration of pheromones, and the parasitoids was also less than insecticide treatments. Maximum eggs of the predator, Chrysoperla carnea were hatched when the egg cards were attached within the top 15 cm plant canopy. Whereas, minimum hatch percentage was recorded in the cards placed at lower part of the plant. Similar trend in the adult emergence of the parasitoid, Trichogramma chillonis was recorded. Studies indicated the significance of the sunlight for successful application of bio-control technology in the field. Releases of both parasitoids and predators at Habib Farm, Hyderabad on 150 acres of cotton successfully controlled the cotton bollworms and the sucking pest complex. The application of bio-control technology managed the whole insect pest fauna below the economic threshold level, which was comparable with the insecticides treatments.

Mango
Some mango plants, having excellent quality fruit, have been selected after extensive screening. The selected germplasm is under the process of multiplication and potential mango varieties will be offered to growers for commercial cultivation.

Banana
Banana clone Basrai (commercial variety of Sindh) was used as initial material and multiplied through micro-propagation. Study on the effect of different auxins and cytokinins on rapid multiplication of banana was accomplished. In-vitro cultures of 13 different banana clones were maintained and multiplied for mass production. In-vitro mutagenesis studies in banana were initiated and micro-propagules were irradiated with different doses of gamma rays. Protocols for molecular breeding are in p r o g r e s s to streamline the methodology of RAPD and PCR base techniques.

Vegetables
To study the mode of inheritance, gene action and to find out best combiner lines, several local elite tomato genotypes were crossed in triple test cross and line x tester fashions. Moreover, direct and reciprocal crosses between high yielding cultivars and exotic male sterile lines were also attempted to transfer male sterility trait. Dry, dormant and healthy seeds of high yielding tomato genotypes were irradiated with different doses of gamma rays for the mutation alteration of horticultural traits and induction of male sterility. A new disease Alternaria leaf blight by Alternaria alternata was also recorded. Its pathogenicity was proved and taxonomy of the fungus was studied.

Sugarcane borers
Different stages of the larvae of Chilo infuscatellus exposed to parasitoids, Cotesia flevipes, after irradiating at different doses ranging from 20 Gy to 120 Gy indicated that irradiation reduced the immunity in the 4th instar larvae and greater number of the larvae was parasitized at 60 and 80Gy dose. Studies revealed that irradiation enhanced the resistance in the parasitoids against insecticides as higher parasitic potential was recorded in the irradiated parasitoids than the untreated insects.

Guava
About 4000 seeds of guava cv. Safeda were irradiated at 0.2 to 0.4 kGy doses of gamma rays. The data on the seedling height, number of shoots per plants, nodal length and stem diameter has been recorded. It has been noted that the distribution for irradiated seedlings, regardless of the treatment, were skewed towards the lower heights with the lowest height of 49.08 cm in 0.3 kGy

ENTOMOLOGY Cotton Pests

Studies on the monitoring of A m e r i c a n , s p o t t e d and pink
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26

About 250,000 acres of sugarcane were treated successfully with biocontrol technology in Nawabshah, Noshehroferoz, Badin, Mirpurkhas and H y d e r a b a d d i s t r i c t s w i t h coordination ofthe sugar mills during 2003-2004 season. Bio-control technology managed the infestation of borers effectively below economic threshold level. Diagnostic survey of the sugarcane crop at Tarnab, Charsadda showed Gurdaspur borer and bugs in the ratoon crop and cut worms, termites and sugarcane shoot borer as major pests of the crop. By using NIFATechniques, a well established termite colony was excavated, and there will be no need of insecticide in future if not infested from the neighboring fields.

fruit damage by 61% and 41%, respectively. Use of protein hydrolysate decreased the fruit infestation by 58% and fruit damage by 1%. An overall reduction of 44% was observed in the fly population due to all the IPM components employed in guava orchard. In umbrella guava orchard at Kohat, where IPM practices like MAT, BAT and bio-pesticide were applied, fruit infestation decreased by 62% while percent damage (pupae/Kg of fruit) reduced by 60.4% compared with control.

studied against the up surged population of pulse beetle, Callosobruchus analis L. Results indicated that genotype, NIFA-95 was found the most stable while Jubiha-1 was highly susceptible to the pulse beetle.

Maize stem borer

Trichogramma were released for the control of maize stem borer. The parasites were released @ 20,000 pupae/acre in the form of cards. Trichogramma application resulted in a 69% decrease in the damage caused by maize stem borer. Maize stem borer larvae were collected from the maize fields in Peshawar and kept in the laboratory for observing the development of the larvae or emergence of larval parasitoids. The batch of maize stem borer larvae completing development in the first two weeks of Oct., 2003 indicated that all the larvae were parasitized and an average of ten cocoons of larval parasitoids were collected per parasitized larva.

Brassica aphids
Twenty canola genotypes were evaluated for their variability in degree of susceptibility to the aphid attack and yield potential. The genotype W-97-0.75/11 harboured the least aphid attack and produced highestyield. Studies on the quantification of aphids' population and yield showed that the genotype Agati Sarson (P) received the least aphids attack and produced the highest yield, while genotype TSA-1005/95 depicted the highest infestation and produced the least seeds.

Rice borers
Among the three systemic granular insecticides tested for the control of rice stem borers, Cartap 4G proved the best toxicant on the basis of least borers infestation and maximum grain yield followed by the other two insecticides monome hypo and carbofuran.

Stored Grain Pests

Feeding and oviposition preference of red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum was high and development of larvae to adulls was rapid (24-28 days) in standard floj", vine flour ('Maida'), bran, and granular

Fruit flies
The Tandojam transparent plastic trap baited with protein hyrolysate and diammonium phosphate in a ratio of 3:7, respectively, attracted almost equal number of males and females of peach fruit flies. The highest attraction percentage (17 %) of the traps was recorded in PMT baited with Acetic Acid + putrescine in 300 ml of water and two drops of Triton. Integration of Male annihilation technique (MAT), Bait application techniques (BAT) and cultural practices proved more effective than the separate treatments in most cases. In Haripur, IPM studies on fruit fly control in guava orchards showed that during July - Dec 2003, neem oil application caused 90% reduction in fruit infestation and 65% reduction in fruit damage. Application of water extract of neem seed reduced the fruit infestation and

Pulse beetle
Relative response of 7 chickpea
genotypes (Cicer arietinum) was

Mass Rearing Laboratory of beneficial Insects at NIAR, Faisalabad Annual Report 2003-2004 27

During this year 416 chickpea entries were received from NARC, AARI and NIAB for screening against Fusarium wilt. During early wilt incidence 198 entries were highly resistant, 100 resistant, 53 tolerant, 41 susceptible and 21 highly susceptible. But at the end of March on the basis of total wilt incidence only three entries were found resistant, two tolerant, 48 were susceptible and 363 were highly susceptible. Due to high environmental temperature, 59 lines selected as resistant during last year (20022003) showed susceptibility. This indicates that material screened during last 2-3 years does not have strong basis of resistance against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceris.

Rice pathology
Termite Queen detected by NIFA Entomologists

starch ('Suji'). However, preference for wheat (dry and tempered) was low, hence survival was reduced and development was delayed upto 70 days. Tribolium castaneum beetles preferred paddy to brown and milled rice for feeding, opposition or hiding, while larvae developed to adults in brown rice only. The preference of Rhyzopertha dominica adults was high for brown and milled rice. Among varieties, IR-6 suffered lowest insects d a m a g e f o l l o w e d by DM-25, Basmati-370 and NIAB-IRRI-9.

were characterized for resistance against them. Highest prevalence of white rust was recorded in B.juncea lines. Occurrence of Alternaria blight was recorded in all the four groups. Response of 138 genotypes to white rust was immune while the remaining entries were found moderately resistant to highly susceptible. 27% of the entries displayed resistant response to Alternaria blight while behavior of the 65% of the material remained between moderately resistant to moderately susceptible.

Survey of rice growing areas of Northern Punjab in October 2003 showed the presence of Bacterial Blight (BLB) caused by Xanthomonas oryzae oryzae in all northern districts. Incidence of crop damage by pest insects was also observed during survey. Leaf cutter (Grass hopper) and leaf folder were found at damaging level in nearly all the places visited. Damage due to stem borer was also observed at many places but below 5%. Some of the pest insects were collected for further studies. Fifty new isolates of Xanthomonas oryzae oryzae, the causal agent of BLB, were isolated from local sites and purified from the diseased material collected during survey. No indigenous Pakistani variety out of 100 collected from PARC was found resistant against BLB caused by Xanthomonas oryzae oryzae.

PLANT PATHOLOGY Wheat and oilseed pathology

A wide range of wheat/oilseed brassica germoplasm was evaluated for disease/resistance assessment. Under collaborative work with Crop Diseases Research Program of NARC, more than 800 genotypes were planted for w h e a t rust monitoring, epidemiology and genetics at NIFA. White rust and Alternaria blight were the two main oilseed Brassica diseases observed during the season and a gene pool of 190 genotypes belonging to Brassica juncea, B. napus,. B. carinata and B. campestris

Chickpea pathology
A survey of chickpea for prevalence of diseases was conducted in Thai, D.I. Khan, Chakwal and NARC, Islamabad. Crop was poor in barani area like Kot Shakir, Goharwala, Rangpur and Adhi Kot due to drought and it was good in irrigated belt of Thai and D.I. Khan except Paharpur area. Blight was not found throughout Thai, D.I. Khan and Chakwal. It was found only in the experimental fields of NARC, Islamabad, where it was inoculated artificially, and in some adjacent fields where it might have developed as secondary infection through natural dispersal.

Induced Systemic Resistance (ISR)

Induction of systemic resistnce in Chickpea against Ascochyta rabiei was checked in growth room. Different concentrations of salicylic acid gave 72-78 % protection to Chickpea against blight disease. Lower and middle concentrations of Bion (0.2, 0.3, 0.4mM) showed better protection (87-89%) as compared to highest concentration (0.4mM)

28

Annual Report 2003-2004

(54%). Whereas, in case of K 2 HP0 4 middle and highest concentrations (50 & 70 mM) had 75-83% protection and lower concentration (30mM) gave only 23% protection to seedlings against blight disease.

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND SALINITY MANAGEMENT Salt Tolerance in Plants

Screening for salt tolerance of 120 genotypes of rice has been carried out at different salinity levels under hydroponics system. On the basis of growth performance some promising lines have been identified. Among these lines, eight salt tolerant lines were selected and grown alongwith locally known salt tolerant varieties of NIA, Tandojam at five different agroecological zones of Sindh for evaluation of their yield performance under natural saline field conditions. For screening of wheat genotypes under NaCI salinity stress, out of sixty, ten promising lines were studied with reference to biochemical response to proline accumulation, enzymatic activities and chlorophyll contents. The studies were found quite helpful to confirm agronomical results and proved that Sarsabz, Chakwal-86, DS-11 and V-8319were comparatively salinity tolerant (8-12 dS/m).

For the identification of sunflower varieties suited for cultivation on saline lands, germination and growth performance of 33 sunflower varieties was studied under different levels of salinity at seedling stage. These studies have revealed that germination was less affected upto 50 mM NaCI salinity, while at higher level (75 mM NaCI) germination was not only affected severely but was also delayed by one week.

was particularly positive under saline conditions, the results of field screening of berseem and sorghum varieties, provided by the Fodder Research Institute, Sargodha; showed that Sargodha-late and Synthetic-82 varieties of berseem, and Cargill variety of sroghum were the best salt-tolerant varieties at BSRS-I, Lahore. At BSRS-II, PaccaAnna, Faisalabad, the field screening trials for selection of salt tolerant germplasm under saline conditions continued with safflower, sorghum and chickpea varieties. Under plant physiological studies, it was observed that seed priming with chilling and PEG, increased the germination percentage of sorghum. Chilling alleviated the adverse effect of salt stress, and reduced CI' and Na* while enhanced K+ and Ca+ accumulation in the shoots and roots of sorghum cultivars. It was also observed that glycinebetaine application enhanced drought-tolerance potential in sunflower and increased crop yield upto 10%.

Drought Resistance in Wheat

One hundred-seventy wheat genotypes were tested under controlled conditions at different levels of stress treatment of PEG-6000 (-0.25,-0.5, -0.75 & -1.0 MPa). It was observed that 52 genotypes had 60% germination at 1.0 MPa. Further testing of these 52 genotypes was done under net house conditions against terminal drought; 29 were tolerant, 8 medium tolerant, 13 medium sensitive and 2 sensitive genotypes. Phytohormones were used to reduce the adverse effects of salinity on wheat (Marvi, Moomal, SD-4085 and SD766), rice (Shua-92 and Sarshar) varieties evolved at NIA, Tandojam. It was observed that presoaking seed treatment with Gibberellic acid (GA) and Auxins (IAA and IBA) when used at 10 s to 10"6 M concentration had a pronounced effect on seed germination and seedling growth, the effect

Income-generation
The newly started income-generating activities include Eucalyptus oil and wood-shaving 'Buradah' production from leaf and wood of Eucalyptus tree. The economic analysis of the two activities showed benefit to cost ratio of 1:2.1 and 1:1.42, respectively. The studies on brackish aquaculture technology showed benefit to cost ratio of 1:1.4, and a package for lowcost brackish aquaculture technology was developed. The other, new income generation activity comprising barleybased bakery products, was appreciated by public on account of medicinal value ofthe barley grain.

SAFPD project
Progress under the Saline Agriculture Farmers Participatory Development Project (SAFPDP) included installation of 12 tubewells, mass plantation on 1800 acres of saltaffected land, lining of 3 water courses, and establishment of large

Host Rearing Laboratory for the parasites at NIA 29 Annual Report 2003-2004

cotton tracts for biocontrol of pests on an area of 130 acres.

efficacy of different irrigation systems for economizing water usage and enhancing crop productivity of wheat. Different irrigation practices affected the water usage and crop harvests to a considerable extent. Bed & furrow and ridges systems resulted in ,54% and 22% water savings as compared to conventional irrigation system.

and thus saved considerable amount of irrigation water. It was tested in a field experiment on wheat at NIAB farm.The results of this study indicated that applying one Agrocer spray on soil, could save one irrigation-water, however, the results need detailed cost/benefit study and conformation in other conditions/ soils.

SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION Integrated Use of Fertilizers

At NIFA, a new project on integrated nutrient management of young deciduous fruit orchards was started with already established young plants of plum and apricot. The objective is to study the effect of mineral nitrogen applied alone and in different combinations with organic forms of nitrogen. The data recorded on pruned products, number of branches per plant, length of branches and nitrogen content of the leaves indicated that 75 percent of mineral nitrogen with 25 percent of farmyard manure was the best combination for both the orchards. The studies on Zn efficiency of wheat genotypes continued and 40 genotypes were tested in chelatedbuffered nutrient solution employing 2, 10 and 40 pM Zn solution. The results revealed that 19 genotypes were efficient, 2 medium efficient and 19 inefficient forZn. In continuation of the intercropping programme, field studies were conducted to evaluate the performance of four cotton cultivars viz. Chandi, NIAB-78, Sohni and AEHM74 for intercropping with mungbean (cv. AEM-96), It can be concluded that cv. AEHM-74 and mungbean AEM-96 were most compatible for intercropping system with lesser competitive effect on each other. The effect of individual and integrated use of fertilizers on the production of seed cotton yield, and N, P and K content in leaves at boll opening stage of growth, was studied in a field experiment using two cotton genotypes (NIAB-111 and NIAB-98). The results showed that DCP, a byproduct of gelatin industry p r o d u c e d significantly higher seed cotton yield over control, whereas application of the same P-dose through DAP produced 8% less yield. Studies were undertaken with the objectives to assess the relative

EPS-Producing Bacteria
An organic soil conditioner 'Eucompost' was prepared by inoculating the ground eucalyptus leaves waste with EPS-producing bacteria. The greenhouse experiment showed that the use of'Eucompost' (having individual or mixture of the EPS-producing bacterial-isolates), applied in combination with fertilizer-N, improved seed germination, growth, dry matter and grain yields of wheat (lnqilab-91 ) in a salt-affected soil. The effect of phosphobacterial and mycorrhizal inoculation in wheat was studied. The results showed that grain yield of 3016 kg/ha obtained by phosphobacterial inoculation was statistically at par with 75 kg P ha"1 (3164 kg/ha), whereas mycorrhizal treatment produced grain yield of 2867 kg/ha.

P-application Methods
Studies continued to work out the suitability of fertigation technique for enhancing the efficiency of P utilization by different crops. Among four P fertilizers, triple superphosphate (TSP) proved to be the most effective P source for fertigation since it produced maximum grain yield of 1.75 tons ha"1 followed by SSP, DAP and NP by producing 1.60, 1.51 and 1.28 tons ha"1, respectively. A field experiment on potato was performed at farmers' field, for comparison of P-application by different methods i.e. farmers' method (broadcast) with pre-mixed (fertilizer + farm yard manure) and fertigation. Premixed and fertigation method increased potato yield by 14% and 17%, respectively, over the farmers' practice, indicating that phosphorus may be applied by premixed or fertigation method to obtain higher potato yield/economical crop production.

Tillage Practices
A field experiment was conducted to identify the best timing of N fertilizer application to wheat sown by zerotillage and conventional-tillage practices. In case of zero-tillage maximum grain yield (2911 kg/ha) was obtained, receiving N in 3 splits. Although it was tried to simulate the conditions of specially designed zerotillage sowing drill, by using ordinary drill + planking, but the germination was 41% less for zero-tillage than conventional tillage, which may be one of the causes of poor seed germination/lower crop yield.

Rhizobiology
A research programme was initiated to study the feasibility of producing organic or bio-fertilizers (humtes) from agricultural residues. Preliminary studies have already shown a good promise, and the product is not only economical but significantly beneficial for plant growth also. Likewise, use of ethylene (plant growth hormones) formulations has shown 15-25% increase in growth of leguminous and non-leguminous plants. Nodulation and N2 fixation significantly increased in Sesbania (a green manuring crop).

Effect of "Agrocer-010"
"Agrocer-010" is a 30% ethoxylated montan wax produced by M/s. Clariant Pakistan Limited. They claimed that its spray on soil reduced evaporation from soil surface and suppressed transpiration from plants,
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In preservation of fruits and vegetables by bottling, the effect of different pH levels was studied to extend the storage stability of peas, which were purchased from local market. The pH of brine as well as vegetables decreased during 6 months storage at room temperature indicating that peas could be stored at pH levels of up to 3.5 without significant changes in most of physicochemical parameter during storage at ambient conditions.

Nutritional studies
For "Iron Fortification of Wheat Flour" the work on second component of this project, i.e. acceptability was also completed. Results of different parameters, set for the acceptability study, showed that differences among different fortified and control flours were nonsignificant. However, ferrous sulfate as fortificant had numerical edge over others. Samples of 10 commercial feed brands were collected from the m a r k e t and a n a l y z e d . Feed consumption efficiency in irradiated feed group was slightly better than control group.

Screening for Salt Tolerance in wheat (Glass House Study)

FOOD SCIENCE Food/Feed Irradiation

The response stability of irradiated polymethylocrylate (PMMA) strips (collaborative project between NIFA, ATCOP and PINSTECH) in the dose ranges of low, medium and high doses was conducted. The results after 3 months storage at room temperature showed linear response towards the irradiation treatment. Work on five different Meals Ready to Eat (MRE) samples provided by Army Supply Corps Center continued. The samples were analyzed for microbiological, physicochemical and sensory quality. All the samples stored up to 5 months at ambient conditions were found fit for human consumption and will be studied for further storage.

decrease remained within acceptable limits for 14 day storage. The present study suggested that a dose of 2.5 kGy in combination with low temperature (5C) storage is effective for reduction of bioload and extension of shelf life of minimally processed fruits. A pilot scale solar drier is being fabricated. The bitter gourd samples dried in electrical drier were in good condition after 1 year at room temperature proving the storage stability ofthe product.

Post Harvest Technology

The impact of gamma irradiation and low temperature storage on sensoric and microbiological quality attributes of minimally processed apples and melons was investigated. A dose of 2 kGy was found enough to control fungal counts and coliforms in both the fruit samples. Firmness, appearance and flavor of apples and melons decreased with increasing dose rate from 0 to 3 kGy, however, this

iijL r v k M i J . .

v.

IAEA training course participants visiting a Kallar grass field at Shorkot

31 Annual Report 2003-2004

characterization of a birna virus disease of poultry known as infectious bursal disease (Gumboro) was possible for the first time in Pakistan,

BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY Medicinal I Edible Oils

Leaf samples of 14 trees of Eucalyptus camaldulensis, collected from NIAB, Faisalabad were hydrodistilled for extraction of essential oil. Oil yield in different trees ranged between 0.3 to 1.17%, and was above 1% only in 3 trees. Similarly, leaf samples of 15 Eucalyptus globulus trees, collected from Punjab Forestry Research Institute (PFRI), Faisalabad, were hydro-distilled. A significant variation in oil yield was found between tree-to-tree, ranging from 0.41 to 1.06%. A field experiment was conducted to study the variation in content and composition of essential oil in Trachyspermum ammi, ('Ajwain') under different doses of nitrogen fertilizer. Essential oil yield was almost similar (1.9%) in control and 30 Kg N ha"1 samples, being maximum (2.27%) for 60 Kg N ha"1 application, whereas further increase in N dose (90 Kg N ha'1) significantly reduced the oil yield toi .55%.

Wheat Crop at maturity (Glass House Studv)

The effective control of microbial load and non-existence of any negative nutritional repercussions of feed irradiation treatment, makes this t r e a t m e n t an ideal p o t e n t i a l candidate for commercial application.

P a k i s t a n being d e c l a r e d rinderpest free for the first time.

as

Vaccine Production
During the period under report 8,000 vials (80,000 vaccine doses) of NIABHS-vaccine amounting to 0.72 million rupees, and 1000 vials (1 million doses) of NIAB-ND-vaccine amounting to 0.45 million rupees were prepared and sold in the local market. In addition, a new vaccine has been launched in the market for the Hydropericardium Syndrome of poultry. This vaccine is to be sold in the market under the brand name of NIAB-Angara-Vaccine. Work is also underway for the preparation of vaccine against bird flu, which played havoc with the poultry during this year.

Animal Health and Reproduction

Hormonal aspects of growing 'Nili Ravi' buffalo were studied. During prepuberal and estrus phases progesterone remained at basal level. It started to increase gradually 3-4 days after estrus and reached the maximum level of 8-12 ng ml"1 within next 12 days of estrous cycle. It remained at this level for 3-4 days and declined gradually to the basal level of 0.27 ng ml"1 within 5 days.

BIOTECHNOLOGY AND GENETIC ENGINEERING

PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY MolecularVirology
Resistance breaking strain of cotton leaf curl virus from Burewala was analysed for its association with begomoviruses which showed that it is a recombinant molecule. It was proposed that this recombinant molecule has evolved in a common host such as tomato that has recently mobilized into cotton. To identify the begomovirus associated with the Mungbean yellow mosaic disease, samples of infected mungbean were collected from various areas of N.W.F.P and the

Rinderpest eradication
Rinderpest is the most fatal viral disease of cattle with potential to cause gigantic losses. NIBGE participated in the national rinderpest eradication program for Pakistan through a multi-partied IAEA project. In this project molecular diagnostic facilities for rinderpest detection were developed and used to monitor rinderpest in more than 12000 field samples from all over Pakistan. Under the National Rinderpest Eradication Program 2003, efforts were made which resulted in

Molecular Diagnosis of Animal Diseases

At NIBGE RT-PCR based molecular diagnostic facility for morbillivirus diseases has been established to provide training and technology transfer of this molecular diagnosis. A national level laboratory training course was organized that was attended by scientists, academics, veterinarians and lab heads who are involved in animal disease diagnosis from all over the Pakistan. Through research using PCR the molecular
Annual Report 2003-2004

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Plastid genome for biosafety

A chloroplasts-specific gene (ArDH) was isolated from yeast and expressed in a model plant tobacco. Chloroplast transgenic plants were developed to characterize the transgene expression and salt tolerance levels at heteron as well as homoplasmic states. Both types of plants have been developed and progeny transmission of transgene has been analyzed to confirm maternal inheritance, a biosafe way to control gene pollution. A novel procedure of gene knock out on copy correction mechanism has been developed. This is the first report of its own kind in the scientific field to develop null alleles of genes or open reading frames from chloroplast genome. It was successfully knocked out a PSII gene and homoplasmic lines have been developed, biochemical analysis showed abolished photosynthetic activity in transgenic mutant plants.

Governor Punjab Lt. Gen. Khalid Maqbool visiting various and facilities at NIBGE

laboratories

Punjab province. Analysis showed the presence of mungbean yellow mosaic India virus (IMYMV) in Pakistan. The sequence comparison revealed that it shared 94% nucleotide sequence identity with IMYMV confirming that bipartite begomovirus associated with the disease in Pakistan is a strain of IMYMV. The role of the movement protein (MP) and nuclear shuttle protein (NSP) in the pathogenecity of Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV) was studied which demonstrated that the ToLCNDV NSP is a symptom determinant as well as a target of host defense responses.

To overcome heteroplasmy and fertility problems in rice transgenic lines, protocols have been revised and new gene constructs are being developed with novel selection system. Bacterial blight resistance (Xa21) gene was introduced into Super Basmati along with other varieties like Basmati-385. Integration of the transgene was confirmed by Southern blotting in eight transgenic lines. All the three lines tested exhibited high level of resistance against the locally isolated strains of Xoo. A yeast gene named HSR1, was transformed into tobacco through Agrobacterium method and a number of transgenic tobacco plants were regenerated and confirmed through PCR. The transgenic lines having HSR1 gene are being screened for salinity tolerance. A synthetic spider neurotoxin gene, known to confer resistance against the lepidopteran larvae, was synthesized based on polypeptide sequence through reverse engineering. The transgenic plants showed high level of resistance against these insect larvae indicating that this gene is highly effective against these cotton pests.
33 Annual Report 2003-2004

Transgenic sugarcane
Bt-containing transgenic plants have been developed and analyzed for stable gene integration into the genome. Expressed toxins have been detected using immunodetection system.

Genomics
Cotton genotype NIBGE-2 performance has been compiled and it ranked 2nd in DGR trials. Several crosses have been made for drought tolerance and burewala virus resistance. Several virus free cotton genotypes have been identified in year 2003 and are being tested again in this season. One cotton genoytpe NIBGE-115 was found to be 100% virus free in virus infected area of cotton. In Rice Genomics group, a phylogenetic relationship has been established between selected rice germplasm collected from PGRI, NARC, Islamabad along with 3 Basmati rice varieties.

Genetic Engineering
Successful efforts have been made to isolate and characterize the Coat Protein (CP) gene of Potato Leaf Roll Virus (PLRV). CP gene has been cloned in RNAi based vector to d e v e l o p PLRV r e s i s t a n c e in transgenic potato. Field studies of transgenic cotton Coker-312 lines previously showing r e s i s t a n c e to C L C u D u n d e r containment at Faisalabad (NIBGE) and Multan (CRS) showed stable resistance towards CLCuD. These lines are being evaluated at Vehari Research Station for Burewala virus resistance.

Microsatellite analysis has been done using different Basmati varieties and basmati breeding lines received from Kala Shah Kaku rice research station. A project has been initiated to incorporate multiple bacterial blight resistance genes in Basmati lines. Molecular survey of rice germplasm and Basmati varieties has been done using the primers specific for bacterial blight resistance Xa4 gene.

increase in crop yield with 75 % saving of N & P fertilizer. Twenty-two strains of Rhizobacteria from rhizosphere, 55 from endorhizosphere and 19 from rhizoplane, have been isolated and purified. Preliminary characterization has shown that all are fast growers, 44 were gram positive and 48 gram negative strains, 4 gram variable. All the isolates were found negative for phosphate solubilizing ability on Pikoviskia medium,

strains Ca-18, 96-51, ER-20 and JCM1270.

Fluorescence in situ hybridization

Seven PGPR strains, isolated from cotton, were differentiated in to two 16S rDNA genotypes by using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with RNA targeted nucleic acid probes and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Most of the isolates were placed in the genus Bacillus while the other isolates were assigned the genus Pseudomonas. The phylogenetic analysis placed both the genera under different evolutionary branches. The results obtained by using FISH were in accordance with the results from 16S rDNA sequence analysis.

Plant Genome Resource Lab

Plant genome resource lab is a newly developing lab at NIBGE. The work on the identification of fiber development specific genes in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) has been initiated. About 29 of the reported genes have been amplified and cloned in TA cloning vector and work on the cloning of more genes is in progress. Six developmental stages of developing fiber were selected for the construction of cDNA libraries. cDNA libraries from two of the developmental stages have been created and are being normalized to represent the complete number of genes in a given set of library.

Rhizobia strains
Five rhizobial strains were isolated from nodules of different guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) plants grown in NIBGE field. Morphological, physiological and biochemical analysis of these isolates indicated that all isolates are gram negative, alkali producing and none of the isolates solubilized phosphate. These rhizobial strains are being characterized for IAA production, antibiotic resistance and carbon source utilization. Re-inoculation experiments are being conducted in sterilized pouches to study host specificity as well as the effect of these five rhizobial inocula on the guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) plants.

Bacteriocin production
Forty different Rhizobium strains have been screened for bacteriocin production by Defferd's antagonism method. Ten strains LC-31, LC-21, PS-1, PS-4, 285, 236, 281, 309 and TAL-1827 were found to be bacteriocin positive. These strains were further checked for their nodulation ability by plant infectivity assay.

Tissue Culture
A novel system for commercialization of sugarcane elite varieties has been developed and trade marked as "Smart Greencane Seedlings".

Induced systemic resistance

Initially 22 rice associated PGPR strains from Tanzania and Pakistan were screened for their biocontrol potential against rice bacterial blight causing agent Xanthomonas oryzae, rice fungal blight causing agent Fusarium moniliformae and rice s h e a t h blight causing a g e n t Rhizoctonia solani. PGPR strain 2.27 showed biocontrol activity against all of these pathogens.

BIOFERTILIZERS PGPR association

Cotton root associated isolates S-1 and S-8, earlier identified as Enterobacter and Azotobacter were later proved to be Bacillus fusiformis and Bradyrhizobium sp. through partial 16S rRNA sequence analysis, using universal primers Y, & Y2. A field experiment was conducted to study the beneficial effects of bacterial inoculants with cotton variety IR-FH-901. Seven PGPR strains isolated from cotton were inoculated as single strain with 1/4th N&P using seed pelleting technique. Biofertilizer application gave 30 %

Zinc mobilizing rhizobacteria

A microplot experiment was conducted to evaluate rice biofertilizer for zinc moblization. The grain and straw samples from rice harvest were processed for estimation of zinc content by atomic absorption. Analysis showed 23.6 and 28.9 mg kg'1 of zinc content in grain and straw, respectively of PGPR inoculated plants. The capability of plant* growth promoting bacterial strains JCM1270, ER-20, K-1, Ca-18 and 9651 was investigated for mobilization of soil insoluble or sparingly soluble zinc compounds in vitro. Zinc mobilization was detected from
Annual Report 2003-2004

Phytohormone production
Seventeen Rhizobium and Bradyrhizobium strains were tested for IAA and GA produced. Eight strains were positive for IAA production as identified by spottest. The HPLC analysis favor these results. Gibberellic acid production

34

Aspergillus aculeatus were cloned in Escherichia coli, and their nucleotide sequences were determined. Hyper-expression of cmc1 gene in Aspergillus oryzae was obtained using plasmid pCMG14. Surprisingly, transformed fungus constitutively produced very high amount of CMCases on glucose and maltose.

Characterization of industrial enzymes

After FPLC Gel filtration chromatography different xylanase peaks from C. thermophile were obtained. Using zymographic techniques four bands were obtained in the range of 20-50 KD.

Biosorption based Pilot plant model for removal of heavy metals fabricated under Pak-Kazhak project

was also tested by HPLC. None ofthe seventeen strains tested, produced gibberellicacid.

BioPower
Nearly twentyeight thousand bags of BioPower were produced and distributed among the farmers from July, 2003 to June, 2004 for various legumes, cotton, maize, rice and wheat crops in all the provinces of Pakistan.

Alcohol/Methane production
For improving the strain Saccharomyces cerevisaiae, the invertase activity was determined for both parent and derepressed mutant strain of S. cerevisiae MD04 on different glucose and glucose + sucrose concentrations. The maximum intracellular invertase activity of derepressed mutant and protein profile was significantly improved in the mutant derivative MD04 compared with its wild parent at 30 C. All kinetic parameters for substrate utilization and ethanol production for mutant strain of S. cerevisiae were also studied on 15% total sugars in molasses at different temperatures.

Bacterial genes for plant growth

Only a few strains with nitrogen fixing ability have been identified in Pseudomonas genus. n/'/H gene was detected in the present study to further prove nitrogen fixing ability of Pseudomonas. All nitrogep fixers carry nifH gene, which encodes the Fe-protein of the nitrogenase.

INDUSTRIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY Molecular Biology of Enzymes

The C hectomiumn thermophile xylanase gene of 780 base pair has been sequenced and deposited in the Gene Bank. Moreover, this gene was transformed back in the parent using a constitutive promoter construct. The deduced amino acid and DNA sequence of Xyn A was used to search for the homologous sequence in the SWISS-PROT database. These sequences showed significant homology only to xylanase genes from genus Chaetomium. Certain regions including PLIEYYVESF and AAP were highly conserved among these enzymes and also with other enzymes from different genera.

Culture maintenance
Culture collection, preservation and maintenance of various (Brady) rhizobium, phosphate solubilizing and PGPR strains that have been locally isolated and characterized at NIBGE as well as obtained from other labs, were carried out. Fourteen new rhizobial strains isolated from cowpea and common bean grown in Tanzanian soils have been deposited in BIRCEN culture collection ofthe Biofertilizerdivision. Four bacterial strains isolated from cotton grown in Pakistani soils were submitted to DSMZ German culture collection to make them patent strains.

Production of biochemicals
Aspergillus niger strain was mutated using Y-ray in a sCo irradiator, followed by MNNG treatment. The best mutant is being characterized for production of glucose oxidase. All kinetic parameters for substrate utilization and citric acid production for both the parent and mutant cultures of A. niger were studied on different concentrations of total sugars. The mutant strain was significantly improved over its wild parent with respect to both substrate consumption and product formation parameters.

Cloning of endo-glucanase gene

The cDNA and genomic DNA of Flcarboxymethylcellulase (cmc1) of
35 Annual Report 2003-2004

sequence was restricted by xho I and sma I enzymes, respectively. This fragment was cloned in pBARMTE I vector. Cloned product was confirmed in pBARMTE I.

Extremophiles
Different solid and liquid samples were collected from Khewra salt mine. On the basis of bacterial morphology, twentysix isolates were selected for further studies. Growth studies were carried out to calculate the doubling time (td) and specific growth rate (m) for these bacteria.

Services to Other Organizations

Coal heap set atAskari Cement Factory, Nizam Pur for Biodesulphurization

Production of alpha-amylase
Work started on alpha-amylase production with collaboration of Biochemical Engineering RRL team. Indigenous Bacillus lichniformis RTS-1 (NIBGE) strain was used for alpha-amylase production. The maximum enzyme production was achieved 2700 SKB units with 10% corn steep liquor after 38 h of fermentation with pH 7.0 at 37 C, 300 rpm and 40 L/min of air flow. The estimated production cost of alphaamylase with present status of all chemicals and utilities was Rs. 15/liter.

Production of Tylosin
Hyper-producing mutants MFU-5, MFU-12 and MFU-18 of Streptomyces fradiae NRRL 2707 were refreshed in seed medium and then in vegetative medium and colonies were grown on plates to confirm their purity.

Professional scientific services were provided to various departments/ industries including WAPDA, WASA, Chenab Fabrics and Processing Mills, Arzoo Textile Mills, Sandle dyestuff, Crescent Greenwood, etc forthe analysis of various parameters including heavy metals and anions such as Cyanide and Flouride in samples which is a prerequisite for ISO-9000and 14000 certification.

Biosynthesis and Biotransformation of Mevastatin

HPLC analysis of fermentation broths from 40 local isolates revealed five strains to show mevastatin production. Maximum production obtained was 20 mg/L from isolate K19. Screening of further 20 strains, isolated from local environments, resulted in acquisition of strains with maximum tylosin production of 40 mg/L.

HEALTH BIOTECHNOLOGY Typhoid

Work on development of multiplex PCR conditions for molecular i d e n t i f i c a t i o n of p a t h o g e n i c Salmonella species was completed. T h i r t y s t r a i n s of p a t h o g e n i c Salmonellae were studied, thirteen were detected as Salmonella typhi, twelve as Salmonella paratyphi A, and five as Salmonella strasourg. It is ready for use for characterizing stock cultures and with further optimization, will be directly applicable to blood samples fordiagnostic purposes. The work on multiplex PCR for diagnosis of children suffering from diarrhea caused by pathogenic Escherichia coli was completed. Production, purification and characterization of a hemolysin from a uropathogenic Escherichia coli strain were completed. Success was achieved in purification up to the stage of obtaining a single protein band bySDS-PAGE.

Fossil Fuel Biotechnology

Serological analyses wre carried out to study the microbial profile ofthe 20ton coal heap set for biodesulfurization. Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans (HC-AF2), Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans (KC-AT2) and Sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans (MT13) were used in the initial inoculum for coal heap biodesulfurization. Quantitative ELISA results indicated that moderate thermophiles were dominant bacteria in the leach liquor while in heap both mesophiles and moderate thermophiles were detected. Arrangements were made to establish a 300-ton coal heap for biodesulfurization, atAskari Cement, Nizampur, Distt. Nowshehra. 36

Biosynthesis of Cephalosporin C (CPC)

The sense and anti sense fragments of CAH b gene previously cloned in pGEMT and T/A cloning vector were cut with Nco1, Xho1 and Xma1, Xba1 respectively. Then these fragments were cloned in plant RNAi vector in order to incorporate the intron sequence between these fragments. The whole cassette containing sense and antisence fragment with intron
Annual Report 2003-2004

Hepatitis B
Samples from 255 HBV positive patients by ELISA or screening were c o l l e c t e d to i n v e s t i g a t e t h e epidemiological distribution of HBV genotypes and to clarify further the genotype related differences in the pathogenicity of HBV. It was found that only two hundred and fourteen (83.9%) samples were positive for HBV DNA tested with PCR. The prevalence of genotypes was assessed further as regards patients age, ALT level and PCR positivity.

while CBFB-MYH11 fusion gene inv(16) (p13;q22) was not detected in any sample. An already-established differential PCR was employed to detect fusion genes in 16 ALL patients. BCR-ABL fusion gene was detected in 50% patients.

Services to Public
PCR/DNA based detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis for 185 samples, Hepatitis C virus for 1143 samples, Hepatitis B virus for 92 samples and bcr-abl translocation for 20 samples, (for chronic myeloid leukemia) was carried out.

Gleevec-resistance in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML)

An Allele-Specific Oligonucleotide (ASO) PCR for detection of mutations conferring Gleevec resistance in CML patients has been optimised. Using this assay, 35% patients showed to have mutations. This technique is now being utilized to manage Gleevec resistance in CML patients in clinical centers with collaboration of teaching hospitals.

ENVIRONMENT Wastewater Treatment by UASB reactor

The anaerobic treatment of wastewater from a textile industry was studied using a 35L UASB reactor. COD, BOD and TSS reduction were the parameters considered in analyzing the process efficiency of UASB reactor. The results showed that the average gas production was 0.5-0.75L/day. The COD, BOD and TSS removal varied from 40-65%, 50-80% and 14%, respectively.

Hepatitis C
Studies to find relation between ALT level and RT-PCR test for diagnosing HCV infection continued and from the analysis of 500 samples, it was found that more than 76% patients with positive HCV-RNA have high ALT level while 17% samples have normal ALT level. HCV genotyping by RFLP analysis continued. During this period, 102 more HCV positive samples were analyzed for this purpose showing HCV-3 in 82% cases followed by genotype-1 in 12% cases.

Protein Pharmaceuticals
Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) mutant of hepatitis B virus (HBV) is one ofthe important factors that result in immune escape and cause failure of immunization. Efforts have been made to i s o l a t e , c l o n e and characterize the HBsAg DNA fragment from the HBV infected patients from local population. DNA fragment encoding for the surface antigen from hepatitis B Virus was amplified, cloned and propagated in E. coli. The product, expressed protein was readily detected by SDSPAGE and confirmed by commercial ELISA test.

Aerobic treatment of wastewater

The biological treatment of textile wastewater was observed in an aerobic-biological reactor operating in fed-batch mode. The COD removal efficiency was 23% and 76% when COD loading rate was 210 mg/l/h and 1866 mg/l/h, respectively. Total maximum 89.2-91.3% COD and 94.5-95.9% BOD reduction was achieved by combined biological system, sand filtration, and coagulation by alum and activated carbon treatment for paper and board mill wastewater. The resultant effluent could meetNEQS.

jS-thalassemia
^-thalassemia is the most common genetic disorder in Pakistan with a carrier frequency of more than 5%. For characterizing the mutations causing ^5-thalassemia in Pakistan, blood samples are being collected from various regions. IVS-l-5 (G-C) and FSC8/9(+G) are found to be two most common mutations causing jSthalassemia in Pakistan. Prenatal diagnostic service to the affected families has also been provided underthis program.

Detection of Chromosomal Abnormalities

Patients referred to the diagnostic laboratory (60 samples) were found to have karyotypes for Down syndrome, Philadelphia chromosome and other syndromes. Three families screened under this program requested for prenatal diagnosis. The ARMS-PCR proved to be a powerful, rapid and costeffective technique for carrier screening and prenatal diagnosis of ^-thalassemia.
37 Annual Report 2003-2004

Bio-remediation
Bioremediation of oil polluted area due to accidental spillage from an oil tanker (Tasman spirit), at Sea View Karachi was carried out using different oil degrading bacterial strains. Samples of crude oil contaminated seawater and sand were analyzed for % oil contents and moisture level.

Chromosomal instabilities in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)

RT-PCR was e s t a b l i s h e d for differential diagnosis of AML. 50% of samples were found to harbor AML1ETO fusion gene t(8;21) (q22;q22)

Biodegradation of crude oil in soil mixed with sawdust was also studied. After twenty weeks, the percent decrease was 41%, 30%, and 25 % more in treated pots over and above their respective control.

Commercial Services
350 water samples received from WAPDA, textile industries, paper mills and drinking water companies through PIBS were analyzed. It was found that municipal and industrial wastewater drains are contaminating the rivers and canals and increasing pollution and are having adverse effects on aquatic life of water channels.

Genotoxic effects of pesticides

Organophosphorus (OP) pesticides (chloropyriphos) and Pyrithroides pesticide (cyhalothrin) along with Nitrosoguanine (positive control) were tested for their ability to induce in vivo genotoxic effect in blood and five fish organs. A significant increase in %age of damage cells indicating DNA damage was observed at 24 h posttreatment with both pesticides in comparison to control. %age of damaged cells revealed a clear dose dependent increase.

Mammography

Machine installed at KIRAN Karachi

of deadly disease cancer, health related applications of nuclear technology are of paramount importance. PAEC has established 13 centers (including INOR Abbottabad recently inaugurated in May, 2004) so far, which are providing latest and state of the art facilities for the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases including cancer. The contribution of the Commission through its integrated programme in the diagnosis of different kinds of cancers and other diseases and their treatment has received considerable recognition and acclaim in the public and health circles. More than 327,000 patients are receiving benefit from our cancer care facilities annually.

PAEC also has large resource base and operational strategy facilitates for timely repair and maintenance. PAEC Cancer Hospitals have the capabilities to renovate, modernize and upgrade sophisticated electromechanical equipments attheirown. During 2003-2004, 192,000 patients were diagnosed by the Nuclear Medicine Departments using short lived isotopes, obtaining planer, SPECT and while-body images of the diseased organs using gamma cameras. These images provide information about the shape, size physiological and functional status of the organs. Facilities are also available for the treatment of thyrotoxicosis, thyroid caner, polycythemia, pallivative bone pain, malignant pleural and Operational effusion etc. Radioimmunoassay techniques are used to detect small

NUCLEAR MEDICINE
Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission is engaged in the application of nuclear technology for the socioeconomic development of the country and in the wake of growing incidence

State of the-art equipment available at PAEC medical centres for diagnosis & treatment

38

Annual Report 2003-2004

PAEC medical centres providing a wide range of treatment for cancer and other allied diseases

quantities of homones and bodies.

anti-

The assays routnely carried out at PAEC medical centres include thyroid, pituitary, steroid harmones, gonadotropins and various tumor markers. Besides Radiology, Mammography and Ultrasound for diagnosis, evaluation and prognosis of diseases are also available. During 2003-2004 treatment was provided to more than 135,000 patients using Cobalt-60 teletherapy units, Linear accelerators, Deep & superficial Xray machines, H DR remote afterloading machines and Superficial appliance etc.

various medical establishments are high enough that many foreign students are studying here for their postgraduate qualification especially in nuclear medicine. Research work was continued on 16 IAEA sponsored and 37 other research projects in collaboration with different international and national journals. Recently IAEA has granted a TC project worth US$ 280,000 on quality control and quality assurance of radiotherapy machines.

abroad, which calls for not only adding many more such cancer hospitals but also with more elaborate and high-quality facilities. Five more nuclear medical centres are being established at Gilgit, Gujranwala, Bannu, Saidu Sharif and Nawabshah and are in different stages of development. Approximately 108 kanal land has been acquired for Gilgit Centre where boundary wall and internal roads have already been built and accessory buildings like Officers and Staff Hostels are in construction stages whereas construction of main building is in tendering process. Similarly 92 kanal land has been acquired from Department of Auqaf

Upgradation and Expansion

Millions of dollars are being spent by Pakistani patients for seeking treatment of cancer-related diseases

Research Projects
PAEC nuclear medical centers have the added advantage of international contacts with more developed countries through International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and bilateral relations with friendly countries. It facilitates the access of our doctors and scientists to the international institutes and research organizations. This provides them with frequent opportunities of training, scientific visits and participation in the scientific meetings and conferences and thus keeping abreast with the day-to-day changes occurring at the horizon of medical field. We also extend expert services to regional countries for the use of invivo and in-vitro nuclear techniques through IAEA technical cooperation programmes. Moreover, the standards of education and training at our

Clinical Laboratory at KIRAN

Karachi.

39 Annual Report 2003-2004

Punjab for establishment of Nuclear Medical Centre at Gujranwala. The negotiation for acquiring land in Saidu Sharif and Nawabshah is in progress.

Nuclear Medicine and Radiotherapy to the MBBS students ofthe attached Medical Colleges. They also teach MCPS, FCPS, DMRT, DMRD students and also provide guidance to M.Sc. Nuclear Medicine and M.Phil students in collaboration with post-graduate institutes. Fourteen students from different hospitals are receiving training for FCPS at INMOL, NORI and KIRAN.

Publications
PAEC Nuclear Medical Centres published 9 papers in national/ international journals, 10 doctors attended different IAEA training courses/workshops/meeting and 42 doctors participated in international/ national seminars/conferences/ workshops during this period.

Teaching and Training

PAEC is training it's own manpower by a w a r d i n g M.Sc. ( N u c l e a r Medicine), M.Sc. Health Physician regularly. Doctors of PAEC Nuclear Medical Institutes are regularly teaching

40

Annual Report

2003-2004

NUCLEAR MINERALS
REGIONAL RECONNAISSANCE AND PROSPECTING
Pakistan is bestowed with unique geological settings conducive to the formation of a variety of mineral resources. Nuclear Mineral Sector of Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission is carrying out Uranium Prospection, Exploration and Mining in Pakistan. The main work is being executed through Atomic Energy Minerals Centre, Lahore and its Regional Exploration Offices in Peshawar, Karachi and Quetta. Due to significant uranium deposits in D. G. Khan an independent exploration project has been established for the prospection of uranium i.e. Detailed Exploration of Uranium Project, D. G. Khan. This work is spread overall provinces of Pakistan. In NWFP the main thrust of prospection, evaluation and exploration activities remained in the following areas: with radiometric counts ranging from 150-1500 c/s against 60 c/s background. Radioactivity is mainly associated with carbonaceous matter, volcanic material and hematitic alteration. Radiometric checking was conducted over 97km2 area. Ground radiometry of Nagri formation was also done in western plunging part of Banda Lakhoni Syncline and culminated in north eastern part ofthe Karak Anticline. As a result, two anomalies were found at two different sandstone horizons in north eastern part ofthe Karak Anticline. These are Banda Shinkai anomaly and Tit Kamar Algad anomaly. The Banda Shinkai anomaly is located about 400m SE of Banda Shinkai at NGR-424876, 38-0/8. Radiometric counts range from 150-800 c/s against 60-65 c/s background, over a strike length of 300m. Radioactivity is associated with hard bands and sandstone. Tit Kamar Algad anomaly is located about 400m SE of Mandanna village in Tit Kamar Algad. Radiometric counts range from 150900 c/s against 65 c/s background over a strike length of 150m. These are mainly associated with hard bands in the host sandstones. Radiometric checking was completed over 45km2 area. Paleocurrent studies were conducted along and across the Mianji Khel and Gurguri anomalous sandstones. An updated composite map of Gurguri Syncline covering 75km* area depicting geology, radioactive anomalies, gas wells & uranium mineralization was also prepared, 182km2 area was covered through hydrogeochemical survey in Gurguri & Banda Lakhoni Synclines and 125 water samples were collected from various sources for determination of Eh, pH, TDS, cations/anions, uranium and trace elements. Over an area of 600 km2. The basin hosts sufficiently thick sand/clay alterations with low radioactivity (max. 300 c/s). There is rare indication of syndepositional volcanism. Satellite data of Nizam Pur basin was interpreted and furtherfield work plan was prepared.

Attock Basin
Geological and radiometric studies were carried out on an area of 50km2 in the northwest of Gandghar Range but no significant radioactivity was detected.

Khar Kot and Lassan areas Darband

Geological and radiometric checking was conducted in Tanol Formation and Salkhala Formation exposed in Khar Kot and Lassan areas. The quartzites of Tanol Formation exhibit spots of low radioactivity ranging between 150-180 c/s against the background value of 110 c/s. Radioactivity of the order of 5002000 c/s is associated with limonitic alteration within the graphitic schists of Salkhala Formation.

Kohat Plateau
Ground radiometry was conducted in the Nagri Formation exposed in Gurguri & Mardan Khel Synclines. Anomalous radioactivity has been found associated with various lithologies which are manifested along the contact of fine and medium grained sandstone facies in the M a r d a n Khel S y n c l i n e . T h e radioactivity ranges from 150-1500 c/s against 70 c/s background. The Gurguri Syncline has three anomalous zones, one at southern limb near Alwar Killi locality, where radioactivity ranges between 1503000 c/s against 80 c/s background, while second on its northern limb near the Mianji Khel village and has three levels alongwith yellowish uranium mineralization at one level and radiometric counts (150-1500 c/s against 60 c/s background) and third on the western most plunging part of the Gurguri Syncline in Shinkai area,

Hazara Granitic Complex (Mansehra to Darband)

Investigations were carried out in a new environment of Hazara Granitic Complex from Lassan to Nawab area about 35km NW of Mansehra. A few traverses were also made in younger tourmaline granite exposures of Gharkala in the vicinity of Mansehra and covered 50km2 area. Generally the radiometric counts were low, ranging 150 -400 c/s against 120c/s background.

Rustam and Mardan

Radiometry and surface sampling were done in Ambela Granitic Complex at Landai and Badar Ziarat anomalies. Landai anomaly was checked for its lateral extension where few zones indicated radiometric counts upto 2000 c/s in the boulders.

Nizam Pur Basin

Geological reconnaissance and foot radiometric surveys were conducted.
41 Annual Report 2003-2004

GandgharRange
Seventy km2 area was checked but no significant radioactivity could be recorded. It is mostly covered by silt, sand and clay of recent sediments. Sand section showed 130 to 160 cps radiometric counts whereas clay indicates 110 to 120 c/s. Hydrogeochemical survey was carried out to the NW and SE of Gandghar Range in the Attock Basin. 23 water samples were collected for pH, uranium contents, and TDS studies. pH ranges from 6.97-8.8, uranium contents range from 212ppb.

Hangu formation. Radiometric counts range from 400-2400 c/s against the background of 150-170 c/s. Lithological, radiometric, structural studies and detailed geological mapping were carried out in the Takwan Basin, Nali-Kuppar Basin, Ara & Sidhandi areas, eastern Salt Range, while detailed sedimentological & structural studies were carried out along four geological cross sections in Saloi, Takwan and Manhre areas. Preliminary Exploratory Drilling was carried out upto 450m in depth at three different locations to know the subsurface information.

BALUCHISTAN Chagai Magmatic Belt

Geological and radiometric investigations were conducted in the eastern block of Eruptive Zone. 350km2 area was scanned in the vicinities of Tuftan and Saindak, where Dalbandin, Juzakand Saindak Formations are exposed. Only the Dalbandin Formation has indicated good radiometric signature near Tuftan town. Radiometric counts range from 250-8000 c/s against 75 c/s background over 3-4 km strike length. Rock samples at anomalous spots were collected and analyzed out of which one sample of Tuftan area indicated 627 ppm U308. ROAC, track etch and gamma ray spectrometric surveys were conducted in Tuftan anomalous zone and adjoining area. Three trenches in Tuftan anomalous zone were excavated to understand the subsurface continuity of the anomaly. 5m excavation was carried out and 167 channel samples were collected. Uranium mineralization (metatyuyamunite) was observed in one of the trench. Shallow reconnaissance exploratory drilling was carried out in Tuftan area. Radiometric zones ranging from 25-128 c/s were recorded against 10-20 c/s background.

Shah Maqsood, Lora and Ghora Gali Area

Hazara Slates, Manki Formation, Tanol F o r m a t i o n , L i m e s t o n e Sequence, Laterite Beds and Murree Formation were radiometrically checked but no e n c o u r a g i n g radioactivity was recorded.

SIND Shah Gadro-Kachhi area (Larkana) and Karonuk area (Sehwan)

The reconnaissance survey was conducted over 70km strike length from Shah Gadro in the south to Kachhi in the north. Low-grade radioactivity ranges from 80-150 cps in the exposed strata of Manchar Formation. Karonuk area (Sehwan) occupies structures of Bhadra Anticline and Naing Syncline. Low radioactivity of the order of 150-200 c/s (on digging increased to 400 c/s) has been observed at three locations with a lateral extension of 30m.

Chakdara area, District Dir

Prospection survey was conducted f o r f l u o r i t e m i n e r a l in t h e surroundings of old fluorite mines at Chatpat locality and valleys of Chakdara granitic gneiss. Major fluorite bearing zones were discovered at Jaba Banda, Chatpat, Badwan and Osakai areas. Fluorite mineralization occur as filling in shear zones associated with blue beryl in pegmatites and in the form of patches & pods in friable aplitic granite. Geological maps of Chakdara & surrounding areas were prepared and Grid control mapping was also carried out over an area of 500 x 500

Kirthar Range
Reconnaissance radiometric survey was conducted along and across the Manchar Formation at Gaj, Salgar & Surchar Nalas, Momani-Gaj and Karonuk areas. Only spotty radioactivity upto 350 c/s against 50 c/s background was recorded, associated with limonitized fine grained sandstone covering an area of 50km2. Detailed foot radiometric survey was conducted from Gaj (in the south) to Taki (in the north) over an area of 10km2 along the GS-I and GS-II of Manchar Formation (Wahi Pandi area).

EXPLORATION AND EVALUATION

N.W.F.P. Baru Site, Malakand
Detailed evaluation of Malakand graphitic schist was completed as first phase. Uranium mineralization is hosted by the fine grained, fractured granite filled by mica. Hematization is also observed in the fractures while the excavated trenches indicate some solution movement. Structural studies were also done and it was found that the fractures trend NE and NW. The radioactivity is associated with NE set of fractures filled by mica and continuation of foliated granites

PUNJAB Eastern Salt Range

Applied Research Group studied in detail the uranium occurrences in the Warcha sandstone, extension of Paleocene unconformity and its relationship with underlying Formations. The Warcha sandstone has indirect contact with the laterite of 42

Annual Report

2003-2004

to the depth of 20m. Shallow boreholes were drilled which amount to a total depth of 250 meters. As much as nine lenses, upto a maximum of 9.5m thickness were encountered showing grades as much high as 600ppm of U,0.

Complex at Landai and Badar Ziarat anomalies. Lateral extension of Landai anomaly was also checked where a few zones indicated radiometric counts upto 2000 c/s in the boulders.

Shanawah Site-Bannu Basin Shoprang-Swat

A detailed geological map was prepared depicting host tourmaline granite and its late derivatives, radioactive spots, structural features and drilling fence lines for an area of 350 x 250 m was covered. Detailed geological cross sections were prepared across each anomalous zone. Shallow angle boreholes were drilled at Shoprang site which amount to a total depth of 280m. Seven radiometric zones, upto a maximum of 2.5m thickness were encountered with maximum grade as 0.33% U 3 0. The core samples show that the radioactivity is mostly associated with biotite rich part, in which feldspars are moderately altered to kaolinite. Uranium reserves estimation was carried out over one kilometer strike length of Shanawah deposit. The ore is distributed at two main levels designated as 1&2 within Shanawah anomalous sandstone-1. Total Reasonably Assured Reserves (RAR) of uranium are 433.49 metric tons over a strike length of 600m at level-1. The level-1 is expected to yield about 640 metric tons of U 3 0, for one kilometer strike length of the prospect. The anomalous sandstone1 extend over a strike length of another 2.5km, to the north of the explored area for which EAR (estimated additional resource) of 1600 tons of U 3 0, may be added. Out of this EAR, about 30% is likely to occur in the oxidized zone (above water table). Uranium resource at level-2 (30-35 meters below the level1 ) has 35-40 tons of U A only. Exploratory drilling continued for a total of 800.55 meters (496.00m noncore & 304.55m core) and as a result 25 different radiometric zones of various intensities and thicknesses were encountered. Structural studies were carried out over 4.6km* area. One geological cross section along fence line was completed covering 800m line length. Two drilling plans, one in north of previously drilled development area and the other between 3000S to 3900S were prepared and proposed drill hole maps were completed.

Regional and detailed geological mapping of Nari Panoos and adjoining areas were done at 1:50,000 and 1:2000 scales to locate future exploratory drill sites with respect to the prevailing structure and stratigraphie setting. An area of 7.5km2 was mapped at a scale of 1:2000 while regional mapping was conducted at 1:25,000 & 1:50,000 scales over an area of 120 km2. Four geological cross-sections with accumulative line length of 4.34 km were measured at a scale of 1:1000 & 1:2000. These cross sections were prepared across the four major anomalous sandstones (NP1-NP4) to establish the level of each anomaly in the stratigraphie column and to calculate drilling depth for future exploratory work. NE-SW trending geological section about 11km length along the axis of the Nari Panoos syncline was also studied in detail. Reconnaissance exploratory drilling remained in progress in the area, amounting to 6584m with an additional reaming job of 144m. Weak radiometric zones have been recorded which vary in thickness from 0.42 to 5.3m.

Chamiari-Tarbela
Evaluation studies of Tarbela graphitic metapelites were carried out. The samples indicated maximum chemical uranium upto 214ppm with an average of 52ppm U3Os. Detailed geological, structural and radiometric studies were conducted along 15 numbers of geological profiles which were made at 50m interval, for the preparation of an exploration map. Exploratory drilling amounting to 890m was done in graphitic metapelites and 400 core samples were collected at an interval of 0.30m for identification of chemical uranium/thorium and their equivalents. These samples indicated maximum chemical uranium of 222ppm with an average of 40ppm. Gamma and lithologs were prepared. The gamma log revealed maximum peak of 140 c/s against 80-100 c/s background.

SIND WahiPandi Dadu

The exploration data was processed, compiled and interpreted. Drill hole log sections along strike & dip, vertical fades map, geological cross sections, cross bed data plotting of Gaji Kumb, Sori and Taki as well as rose and vector diagrams and revised geological map of Gaji Kumb were finalized. Photo mosaics studies of the area from Haleli Nala to Gaji Nai were carried out for verification of structural features. Hydrogeochemical studies were proposed. Detailed geological mapping was conducted over an area of 0.28 km2 at a scale of 1:500. Three sedimentological sections were measured to a total line length of 11.464 km at Gaji Kumb, Sori Rind, Sori Nala and TakiDhoro localities. Lithological and radiometric observations were recorded along these sections.

Nari Panoos Site-Kohat Plateau

Evaluation studies were conducted at Nari Panoos anomalous horizon I, II & III. Detailed structural studies were conducted to understand the structural configuration of the anomalous block. Data was acquired during the field investigation for further interpretation.
43 Annual Report 2003-2004

Rustam and Mardan

Radiometry and surface sampling were done in Ambela Granitic

Radioactivity ranging between 4000 to 6000 c/s and at places 10,000 was recorded at the base of GS-II sandstone, associated with highly hematized/limonitized alteration. Hydrogeochemical studies were conducted on water samples of boreholes at Gaji Kumb, Sori and Taki. Exploratory deep drilling was carried out at Gaji Kumb and Sori sites. A total of 2470m drilling was done including 818m of reaming job as well.

Resistivity survey was conducted in CPC colony area for designing cathodic corrosion protection of gas line network. ROAC, track etch and gamma ray spectrometric surveys were done in Tuftan anomalous zone and adjoining areas. Track Etch and G a m m a Ray Spectrometric Survey were carried out in Tuftan radiometric zone and adjoining areas. The spectrometric survey alongwith different lines were also conducted to assess contribution of naturally occurring radioelements in depositional system. Data was collected in uranium, thorium, potassium and total counts channels. The ASPF (Alpha Sensitive Plastic Film) related to track etch survey of Tuftan radiometric zone and adjoining areas have been dispatched to SSNTD laboratory PINSTECH for processing and counting. Proposed bore holes for cross hole Seismic Survey at C-ll Site Chashma were investigated. Relevant information were collected at site and further instructions were conveyed to drilling party.

field groups for varied nature of elements/radicals.

MINING AND HEALTH PHYSICS

Reports and available data was studied regarding exploitation of Sillai Patti ore deposit. Information about the mining machinery was collected frorri the relevant importers in the market. A proposal was prepared for drivage of two parallel experimental inclines of 100 hneters length each at Shanawah deposit site for monitoring of subsurface behavior of the strata for future underground mining plan. Planning & dsign work of ISL test t Shanawah deposit site is continued.

REMOTE SENSING & COMPUTER APPLICATION

Landsat TM data were processed and printed to enhance the lithology and structure of Dina (Sohawa), Kohat Plateau, Nizam Pur basin, Alamreg & Tarbela, Halaksar, Jogianosar & Mansehra, Chakdara & Peshawar, Swat, Sulaiman Range, D.G. Khan & vicinity areas, Nagar Parkar, Larkana & Dadu Sind, Khuzdar, Jacobabad, Kalat, Lasbela & K h a r a n Distt. B a l u c h i s t a n . Processing and printing of drill-hole data of Shanawah deposit was carried out for evaluation studies & In Situ Leach Mining Plan.

ORE PROCESSING STUDIES In-Situ Leach Studies

Studies on the core samples received from Shanawah uranium ore deposit pertaining to 244.95m to 247.95m depth, on permeability, porosity, lixiviant suitability and oxidant consumption were performed by using different lixiviants, such as sodium carbonate, ammoniums bi carbonate sodium bicarbonate and HjS0 4 . The study revealed that in this particular area only 26% leaching could be completed and according to mineralogical studies, the low leaching of the sample may be attributed to the presence of high clay content in this particular portion of the strata. Further studies on waxed core samples from different locations ofthe same site are in progress.

GEOTECTONICS
Landsat Image of Nagar Parkar area w a s interpreted for proposed repository site investigations. Lithostructural elements and siesmotectonic stability of the area were checked. A seismic hazard map of Pakistan was produced. A reconnaissance survey was carried out in the vicinity of Ornach-Nal and southern Kirthar faults (Sind) to know the geological setup and neotectonic status ofthe area.

GEOPHYSICS
ROAC and spectrometric survey data of Nari Panoos and Kohat Plateau was processed and interpreted. Software for mine ventilation network analysis was d e v e l o p e d for Shanawah ISL mining plan. Rock samples of Marwat Range were prepared for fission track analysis. The comparative studies on K-factor for gamma probes of vehicle mounted logging unit (MGX-II) and Robertson logging unit at Nangar Nai site were completed. Preliminary high resolution seismic survey was conducted for the development of repository for subsurface assessment of salt bodies exposed in Manzalai anticline, Distt. Kohat. 44

LABORATORIES
Mineralogy laboratories carried out analysis of 1074 rock samples for petrography, heavy minerals analysis, XRD analysis and autoradiography. Chemistry laboratories carried out 16880 estimations on 5484 rock and water samples supplied by different
Annual Report 2003-2004

Studies on Extraction of Rare Earths From Carbonatite

Scout tests were performed on 500 kg Sillai Patti carbonatite rock for its physical upgradation. The results revealed that the carbonatite can be physically upgraded from 0.2% to 0.8%. Further experimentation was performed to observe the leaching behavior on the physically upgraded concentrate for the extraction of rate

earth elements. Using nitric acid the leaching efficiency on feed basis obtained was 58% C e A , 63% La 2 0 33% Y A , and 74% Nd203. Detailed R&D proposal on the extraction of rare earth from carbonatite has been s u b m i t t e d for a p p r o v a l f r o m competent authority.

74.0%, 78.28%, 70.42%, 73.20%, 74.04% and 74.42% respectively. The rare earths concentrate was separated from thorium concentrate and it contains 0.004% U A , 0.078% Th, 0.02% Si0 2 , 14.08% La203, 37.27% Ce A , 11.18% Nd203 with traces of PAandFe 2 0 3 .

SERVICES TO SISTER ORGANIZATIONS

Subsurface samples of one cubic feet size were collected from proposed Windmill site near KANUPP and analysed at AEMC Labs. Newly purchased rig (Dando) Multi Tech-25 was commissioned and tested in the field environments at NMC-I Taunsa site. One borehole was drilled upto 450 m depth with a reaming job of 102 m. Soilcon rendered services to KCP-I, Presson, Descon, Nespak, NMC-I, Habib Rafique Ltd., Angora Textile Ltd., Berkeley school, High Tech, OPF, DRE etc., C41, KAPCO, GeoResearch, Geo-Consult Associates, Dimen Associates, H.M. Associates, Craftcone, PAEC (MDP) and D.Q.A. (Islamabad) worth Rs. 1,402,325/-. One Longyear drill hole SA-I was drilled at Ravi Rayon area for geotechnical studies. Drilling amounted to 144.33m depth including 37.83 m reaming job as well. Preparation of maps showing earthquake epicenters distribution data on a scale of 1:10000000 and 12 number of graphs showing sea level fluctuation of the year 2003 for report on "Tsunami studies, KANUPP Karachi" has been done. Shallow drilling was carried out upto 42.5m depth for SPT & UDS tests at Kundian C-ll and Chashma C-llarea.

Process Development for Production of Thorium Metal from Monazite Ore

The Thorium-oxalate Th(C 2 0 4 ) 2 . 2HjO has been prepared form monazite ore, (Ce, La Th) P0 4 , which was received from Sonmiani beach near Karachi. This thorium oxalate has Th0 2 = 56.82% (49.93% Th), U,0, = N.D. P A = 0.05%, Fe Total = < 0.01%, CeOz = 0.28%, La203 < 0.01%, N d A < 0.01%, S m A = 0.53% and Gd203 = 0.2%. These results obtained are very encou-raging as the thorium oxalate produced is free from uranium and iron contents. Moreover, the rare earth elements and P2Os are present within permissible limits. During the production of thorium oxalate, the monazite ore was digested with sodium hydroxide to remove the phosphate. This digested monazite concentrate was leached with HCl and thorium, P r A , Y203, La A , C e A a n d N d A were leached giving the leaching efficiency as

Physical Upgradation of Low-Grade Chromite Ore

Two different batches, one of 2125 kg and the other 1000 kg of low grade chromite ore received from HeroShah were processed for physical upgradation using induced magnetic separator and electrostatic separator. It was revealed that the chromite ore was physically upgraded from 42% to 97% with overall recovery of 72.7%.

Process Development for Production of High Purity Silicon

The experimentation is being carried out to achieve the maximum recovery of high purity silicon crystals from rice husk / straw. In this connection, the cleaning of rice husk/straw ash was treated with HCl to remove all the acid soluble impurities. The bombreduction was carried out to reduce the Si0 2 to Si and the reduction was carried out successfully. The silicon crystals were prepared and the efforts are being made to improve the purity ofthe crystals formed.

45 Annual Report

2003-2004

SAFETY
Directorate of Safety (DOS) is a new directorate created within PAEC to promote safety culture and practices in all PAEC establishments in order to address the full spectrum of safety needs of PAEC. DOS will encourage the management and employees in sponsoring and enhancing safety practices within their establishments. DOS is working as an intermediary and a focal point for interaction between Pakistan Nuclear Regulatory Authority (PNRA) and the relevant projects/establishments of PAEC. DOS functions also include performing Internal Safety Audits of all PAEC establishments. DOS is setting up an appropriate professional environment with the technical tools necessary for carrying out Safety Analysis, Safety Assessment and Safety Reviews. experience and international practices. The RCPR comprises of six experts each from major activity of PAEC, headed by a Member. Other experts can also be invited for detailed briefing if required. Removal System, Auxiliary Feed Water System etc. of Chashma Nuclear Power Plant (CNPP) have been prepared during the period under report.

INSPECTION ACTIVITIES
Regulatory Inspections of PAEC Projects
DOS personnel performed preliminary inspection and audit of KANUPP Radiation Protection and Waste Management Systems. In addition, CENUM, INMOL, Lahore, AEMC, KIRAN, Karachi and PINUM, Faisalabad were also visited from perspective of medical emergencies.

Participation of DOS Personnel in PNRA Regulatory Inspection Activities

DOS personnel participated in the inspections of PAEC facilities conducted by PNRA. DOS personnel keep a record of inspection findings and facilitate PNRA by expediting the execution of corrective actions suggested by PNRA. The regulatory inspections of PINSTECH facilities namely, PARR1, PARR-2, NCD and NMD were conducted jointly by DOS and PNRA officials. These inspections covered inter alia operational safety, maintenance and surveillance activities. Similarly regulatory inspection of C & F Branch Karachi was also jointly conducted by DOS and PNRA to inspect the receiving, storage, handling, transport and delivery of radioactive material by DTP C & F Branch to various hospitals of PAEC and other consignees.

Review Committee for PNRA Regulations (RCPR)

A technical committee called the "Review Committee for PNRA Regulations (RCPR)" has been constituted at the PAEC level and Directorate of Safety coordinates its activities. RCPR reviews the PNRA documents including regulations, regulatory guides, code of practices etc. in the light of PAEC operating

Preparation of Inspection Checklists

As part of the DOS inspection programme, checklists for Inspection of Radiation Protection Systems at KANUPP, Radioactive Waste Management Systems at KANUPP, Radioactive Waste Management Systems at CHASNUPP and Safety Iniection Svstem, Residual He?*

Director DOS delivering a presentation on the occasion of Deputy Director General IAEA visit to PAEC HQs

46

Annual Report 2003-2004

Emergency Response Management Drills

DOS has established an Emergency Response Coordination (ERC) Centre at PAEC HQ to coordinate the activities of the local Emergency Preparedness Centres at different locations and provide guidance to them. Sector and Station Emergency drills were conducted at KANUPP on 17th January, 2004 as part of their radiological emergency plans. The purpose was to test the integrated response capability of KNPC personnel with a realistic simulated incident. The drill was performed to fulfill one of the licensing requirements of National Regulatory Authority, PNRA. DOS personnel witnessed the drill at KNPC site as observers. The Emergency Response Coordination (ERC) Centre, established in DOS, coordinated the above mentioned Exercises/Drills at PAEC HQ.

This database may be helpful in identifying the particular HEME in case of accident/failure or any safety related problem of that equipment if occurred in relevant PAEC establishments. The database will further be helpful in investigating the root cause of the accident/failure of the particular equipment and taking preventive measures for similar equipment installed in otherestablishments.

importe + activities of the Refueling Outage.

said

A comprehensive report indicating observations made during the above mentioned activities was also prepared.

Collaboration with China

PAEC signed a contract with China for the purchase of Chashma Nuclear Power Plant (CNPP) Unit-2. In order to get better understandings of the position of National Nuclear Safety Administration (NNSA), China and other concerned Chinese organizations regarding licensing of CNPP Unit-2 and to seek technical collaboration and training of DOS personnel in nuclear safety, radiation protection as well as non-nuclear safety, a five members delegation of DOS personnel, visited China from 28-03-2004 to 02-04-2004 and held meetings with various Chinese organizations including NNSA, Beijing Institute of Nuclear Engineering (BINE), China Atomic Energy Authority (CAEA) and Institute of Nuclear and new Energy Technologies (INET). In this context, to carry out a comprehensive safety review of C-2 within PAEC before the review of PNRA, it is planned that DOS may enter into a bilateral agreement with National Nuclear Safety Administration (NNSA). That would be helpful for a very extensive safety review of C-2 as well as to develop a strong and sustainable nuclear safety infrastructure in PAEC.

Advisory Services to PAEC Establishments

The prime and foremost objective of the Directorate of Safety (DOS) is to enhance safety at PAEC establishments and to act as focal point for all matters related to nuclear safety. In this regard, DOS provided guidance to various PAEC establishments on important nuclear safety and radiation protection issues arising from time to time.

OSART Mission at CHASNUPP-1

IAEA Operational Safety Review Team (OSART) visited CHASNUPP1 at the invitation of Pakistan from January 12,2004 to January 30,2004 to conduct operational safety review of Chashma Nuclear Power Plant. DOS personnel from Headquarters, as well as its Regional Co-ordination Centre located at the site participated as observers in the review areas of organization & administration, maintenance, technical support, chemistry and emergency planning & preparedness etc.

Site Coordination Centre at CHASNUPP

DOS has set-up a Site Coordination Centre at CHASNUPP to continuously monitor the plant events/ activities on day to day basis and to provide quick feedback of the events occurring at the Plant. By establishing a Site Coordination Centre, DOS is in a position to keep a close watch on the activities/developments at the Plant especially those involving safety. DOS intends to establish similar Site Coordination Centres at KANUPP and other reactor sites in the future.

RFO-2 Activities at CHASNUPP-1

2nd Refueling Outage (RFO-2) activities at the Chashma Nuclear Power Plant (CHASNUPP-1) were conducted from April 10, 2004 to June 26, 2004. DOS Personnel from Headquarters, as well as its Site Coordination Centre located at CNPP, participated as observers in the

Database of Heavy Electrical and Mechanical Equipment (HEME)

A database of heavy electrical and mechanical equipment (HEME) of twenty three (23) PAEC establishments using ORACLE software has been developed.

Participation in the activities of International Regulatory Review Team (IRRT)

An IAEA-IRRT expert mission, comprising of six members, to review the regulatory activities of PNRA visited Pakistan from 30th November to 12th December, 2003. During this visit Mr. Richard Wessman of USNRC and Mr. Lyn

47 Annual Report

2003-2004

B e v i n g t o n of I A E A v i s i t e d CHASNUPP, from 4-5 December, 2003 to observe the Inspection and Emergency Planning and Preparedness activities of PNRA. Personnel from Directorate of Safety (DOS) participated/closely observed the IRRT mission activities during this period at CHASNUPP. A report in this context was also submitted.

reviewed provided.

and

comments

were

Guidance on Import and Export of Radioactive Sources, IAEACODEOC/2004. Radiological Criteria for Radionuclides in Commodities, RS-G-1.7. Recruitment, Qualification and Training of Personnel for Nuclear Power Plants.

Organization and Implementation of a System for the Regulatory Control of Radiation Sources in Medicines, Industry, Research, Agriculture and Education-Draft Safety Guide DS 67. Joint Convention on the Safety of Spent Fuel Management and on the Safety of Radioactive Waste Management-INlFCIR/603/Rev. 1 Code of Conduct on the Safety and Security of Radioactive Sources-

Review of IAEA Draft Documents

The following IAEA safety related documents have been critically

48

Annual Report

2003-2004

HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT

COMPUTER TRAINING CENTRE (CTC)
The main activity at CTC is its training programs in computer system software and hardware to meet the requirement of skilled manpower in various PAEC projects/establishments. CTC conducted the M.Sc. IT programs for the sessions 2001-03, 2002-04 and 2003-05. CTC also conducted its 10th regular Post Graduate Computer Orientation Course (PGCOC-10) in Computer Systems Software & Hardware and started the 11th batch of PGCOC. The Computer Literacy courses were successfully conducted for the children of PAEC Employees. Participants of this course were nominees from different Universities and PAEC organizations. Twentythree (23) nominees joined the course and twenty (20) successfully passed out on 6th October, 2003. The 11th batch of Post Graduate Computer Orientation Course (PGCOC-11) started from 12th April, 2004. Ten (10) nominees from different PAEC departments joined the course, out of which nine (9) are currently studying. This course will complete on 11 th October, 2004.

Post Graduate Training

Thirty-three trainees of the batch-2 (Session 2002-2003) of Post Graduate Training Program joined KINPOE in the last week of August 2003. Final semester classes are in progress. Total class strength is twenty-four. Final examinations are scheduled in the second week of July 2004.

Post Diploma Training

Fifty-seven successful trainees ofthe batch-32 (Session 2002-2003) ofthe Post Diploma Training Program were relieved from KINPOE in November 2003. All the trainees joined their r e s p e c t i v e e s t a b l i s h m e n t s in November2003. The 33rd batch (Session 2003-2004) with a total strength of 71 trainees joined KINPOE in December 2003. Zero semester examinations concluded in February 2004. Seventy-one students appeared in the examination where as forty-nine students qualified. First semester concluded in May 2004.

Literacy Program for the Children of PAEC Employees

A Computer Literacy Program was conducted for 59 children of PAEC employees from 10-05-2004 to 0406-2004. Those students who had appeared in their matriculate examination were called for this program.

M.Sc. IT Program
The 1 st batch of Master of Science in Information Technology, M.Sc. IT (2001-03) passed out on 18-09-2003. Fifteen students (10 Self-financed + 5 Fellows) successfully completed the course. In the final semester (5th semester), which was completely reserved for projects, fifteen projects were completed by the fellows. The 2nd batch of Master of Science in Information Technology, M.Sc. IT (2002-04) started on October 07, 2002. Nineteen (19) fellows joined the course. Currently sixteen (16) fellows are studying in the final (5th) semester, which is completely reserved for the project work. The semester will complete in September 2004. The 3rd batch of Master of Science in Information Technology, M.Sc. IT (2003-05) started on October 06, 2003. Thirty-one (31) fellows joined the course out of which nineteen (19) fellows are studying in the 2nd semester. The 1st semester has been successfully completed.

KANUPP INSTITUTE OF NUCLEAR POWER ENGINEERING (KINPOE)

M.Sc. Nuclear Power Engineering
Final result of the batch-9 (Session 2001-2002) was declared by NED University in September 2003. All the 32 successful graduates from this batch joined their respective places of posting in the last week of September 2003. Final semester examinations of the batch-10, consisting of 37 students, (Session 2002-2003) was concluded in the second week of June 2004. 11th batch (Session 2003-2004) of 84 fellows joined KINPOE in the second week of December 2003. First semester final examinations have concluded in June 2004 leaving the strength to 47.

CHASNUPP CENTRE FOR NUCLEAR TRAINING (CHASCENT)

P o s t g r a d u a t e t r a i n i n g of 36 CHASCENT fellows batch-2 and postdiploma training of 37 O&M technicians of batch 6 has been completed. Four weeks retraining program of all crews of MCR engineers and technicians was conducted on regular basis during reported period. Four months CHASNUPP systems course was also conducted. Five MCR engineers were examined and licensed by the Regulatory Authority for the position of Shift Engineer in the plant. Pre RFO lectures on lessons learned from RFO-1 and other topics were delivered to plant personnel involved in RFO-2 activities as well as a

PGCOC Program
The 10th batch of Post Graduate Computer Orientation Course (PGCOC-10) was conducted from 7th April, 2003 to 6th October, 2004.

49 Annual Report

2003-2004

General Employees Training was imparted to foreign and local contractor's personnel.

SCIENTIFIC & ENGINEERING SERVICES

The establishment of National Centre for Non-Destructive Testing (NCNDT) and The Pakistan Welding Institute (PWI) is another step forward by PAEC to pass on the benefits of its scientific and technical R&D efforts and to introduce the most advanced techniques to the industrial sector in Pakistan. Non-destructive Testing (NDT) techniques are being extensively used to improve and maintain the quality of manufactured goods as well as for the proper maintenance of industrial plants and equipment. NCNDT provides training and certification programmes in various fields of NDT and also provides lnService-lnspection (ISI) and PreService-lnspection (PSI) to Chemical Plants Fertilizer and Oil Refineries.

The Pakistan Welding Institute (PWI) is a professional institution having been established to maintain and promote standards of excellence in Welding Technology. PWI provides technical support through advice, consultancy, R&D, training and qualification. The institution covers all areas of welding & joining technology and materials engineering for metals and non-metals alike. Almost all PAEC establishments, strategic organisations and industries within government and private sector benefit from PWI.

Fertilizer, Inspectest, High Precision Engineering (HPE), Ittehad Engineering, KNFC, Moody International, OGDCL, PIA, PNS Mehran, Rousch Power Station, Shifa Int'l Hospital, SNGPL, Seamless Tube Plant (STP), Uch Power Station, WAPDA, etc. In-service Inspection on NonD e s t r u c t i v e E v a l u a t i o n of CHASNUPP during its Second Refueling Outage was dohe. Life assessment of Plants and Third Party Inspection Activities were carried out regularly.

NDT Training & Inspection

During the reporting period, five (5) Training Courses were conducted in the field of Non-Destructive Testing techniques and 83 participants from local i n d u s t r i e s and v a r i o u s organizations of PAEC were trained. The centre received Rs. 1.49 million as training fee for conducting these courses. The centre also provided professional inspection & testing services to local industries worth Rs. 1.70 million. These services were mainly provided to M/s ARL, Fauji

PWI Training & Services

PWI has conducted 12 different welding courses imparting training to 195 engineers, technicians & welders. An amount of Rs. 1.84 million was received as course fee from the participants. Besides supporting SES programmes, PWI also offered its specialized services to M/s AWC, CNPP, KNPC, NDC, PAC Karma, Tarbela Power Plant and PMD. An amount of Rs. 0.91 million was received from the clients.

50

Annual Report

2003-2004

PROJECTS
Renovation & miscellaneous work at NIAB, Faislabad
The renovation work of Phase-I & II was completed in all respects in March/June 2004 respectively and handed over to the end user. The construction of Boundary Wall was completed in March, 2004 and handed over to the under user as well. torily. The remaining Construction work has been awarded and is in progress at the site. Open tenders have been invited for the construction of Rest House, Staff Hostel, Security Barracks, Over Head Water Tank, Pump Room and Electrical Sub-Station Room after receipt of administration approval and work will be awarded after opening offenders. workshops/labs to cater for training needs and also to provide services to national industries in the fields of NDT & welding, equipment manufacturing and in service inspection, etc. SES has acquired the latest knowhow in Design Engineering & Equipment manufacturing and has established workshops having latest Welding Equipments, CNC machines, Stress Relieving Furnaces, Aluminium Casting, Destructive & Non-Destructive Testing Facilities and other equipment. Thus having acquired the capability of manufacturing high tech equipment and carrying out precision jobs for PAEC Projects and other Chemical, Petrochemical, Fertilizer & Industrial Plants. The Scientific & Engineering Services Directorate (SES) has three e s t a b l i s h m e n t s i.e. N u c l e a r Equipment Workshop-I (NEW-I) at Islamabad, Nuclear Equipment Workshop-I I (NEW-I I) at Karachi and Nuclear Equipment Workshop-Ill (NEW-lll)[HMC-3] at Taxila.

Development of on-farm facility at NIBGE, Faisalabad

The work has been started and is in progress.

Construction of doctor's residence at NORI, Islamabad

The case is under process for getting administration approval of Competent Authority.

Construction of access control building at KANUPP, Karachi

The building after completion in all respects has been handed over to the end user.

PC-II for detailed exploration of Uranium resources in D.G. Khan

Exploration work remained in progress. Moreover, PC-II Form for Phase-VII (i.e. 2004-2009) has been forwarded to Planning & Development Division for approval.

Construction of Phase-ll at KIRAN, Karachi

The construction Work of Phase-I I i.e. extension of Nuclear Medicine & Combat Bunker, Simulator Building and 200 Bed Wards Block has been awarded to the Contractor and construction activities are in progress.

PC-II for nuclear mineral survey scheme of AEMC, Lahore

The Scheme remained operational on a very modest scale. The PC-II Form for Phase-V (July-2003 to June2008) has been forwarded to Planning & Development Division for approval.

DESIGN & MANUFACTURE OF EQUIPMENT/ COMPONENTS

The Directorate manufacture and supplied jobs worth Rs. 183 millions to Heavy Mechanical Complex (HMC), Pakistan Steel, Oil & Gas Development Corporation (OGDC), WAPDA, National Development Complex (NDC), Dr. A. Q. Khan Research Labs. (KRL), CPC, PINSTECH, KANUPP, Chashma Nuclear Power Plant (CHASNUPP), other PAEC Projects, Air Weapon C o m p l e x (AWC), S U P A R C O , DESTO, Karachi Electric Supply Corporation (KESC), Pakistan Navy, Attock Refinery Limited (ARL), Heavy Industries Taxila (HIT), etc. The jobs of contract value Rs. 350 millions are under design, manufacturing and at testing/ inspection stage. The Directorate exported mechanical equipment worth Rs. 18.334 million to CERN, Switzerland while jobs valuing Rs. 28.03 million are in hand.

Construction of misc. civil works for rest house at Korangi, Karachi

Various Civil jobs at the Rest House i.e. Septic Tank & Underground tank etc were completed and remaining work is in progress.

Face up-lifting at CENAR building at Quetta

Work has been started and progressing well on schedule. is

SCIENTIFIC & ENGINEERING SERVICES

Scientific & Engineering Services Directorate (SES) was established with an explicit mandate to achieve self reliance in the manufacturing of specialized equipment for the programmes of PAEC and other strategic organizations. SES was also given the responsibility of training in the field of NDT and Welding and setting up of specialised

Construction of basic infrastructure at GINOR, Gilgit

The Boundary Wall, Watch Tower & Reception were completed satisfac-

51 Annual Report

2003-2004

Quality Management Standards

NEW-III (HMC-3) has attained ISO 9001 - 2000 certification for Design and Manufacturing of Process & Mechanical Equipment for Medium & Heavy Industries and Engineering Sectors. HMC-3 has been authorized to use Symbols U and U2 of American Society of Mechanical Engineers in accordance with the applicable rules of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessels Codes. A Federal Board has also registered HMC-3 as manufacturer of Boilers, Pressure Vessels and Heat Exchangers, etc. Appropriate System Documents for acquiring API Monogram Stamping of the products namely, 5B, 5CT, 5D, 5L, 6A, 12D, 12F, 12DGU, 12J and 12L has been received and it is under review.

PHASE DEVELOPMENT OF NEW-3 (HMC-3) Construction Work NEW-I

About 65% construction work of Phase-I and 50% construction work of Phase-ll of building for Pakistan W e l d i n g Institute have been completed. Correspondence with other organizations regarding different works is in progress. Design & rectification of industrial electrical works for special equipment workshop and general workshop is in progress. The civil work of foundation and floor of Bay-2 Workshop has been completed. Columns, Trusses & Roof work have also been completed. A runway for crane is in progress. Design & execution of industrial electrical work is in progress.

been completed. The construction work of Wood Workshop and Material Storage Shed is in progress and so far 25% work has been carried out.

HP/HT Test Loop is being enhanced and manufacture of Heater and Housing Assembly is nearing completion.

NEW-III (HMC-3)
All the construction work of Instrumentation & Control Labs, has been completed. Motorized Door has been installed. The work on False Ceiling, Wall Panelling, Air Conditioning, Ventilation and Humidity is in progress. Similarly, the work on Electromagnetic Interference, Electromagnetic Compatibility and Lightening Protection is in progress. Civil construction drawings of the Heavy Vessel Shop, Heat Exchanger Shop and Light Machine Shop are under preparation. LCs for the import of Deep Hole Drilling Machine and Shot Blasting Equipment has been opened. Financial concurrence for the import of Flanging & Dishing Machine is in process.

Manufacture of Equipment for Self-Adequacy

25-ton & 50-ton Welding Positioners and 200-ton Transport Bogie have been commissioned for HMC-3 own use whereas 50-ton Electrical Overhead Crane and 30-ton & 50-ton Roller Supporters, etc. are under manufacturing.

Conference on NonDestructive Testing (NDT)

The Second National Conference on NDT was held from 22-24 October, 2003 at Hotel Holiday Inn, Islamabad. Dr. Ishfaq Ahmed, Special Advisor to the Prime Minister honoured the inaugural session as chief guest. A Scientific and Industrial Exhibition relating to NDT equipment has also held at -the same venue. The participants include suppliers of various NDT equipment besides NCNpTand HMC-3.

Installation of Equipment
The 12-m Plate Heating Furnace, Roll-Way for 3 Roll Phase Plate Bending Machine and Vertical Milling Machine have been installed and tested. Thermal capacity of the

NEW-I I
The civil construction of Foundry Building and CNC Workshop has

52

Annual Report

2003-2004

INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
Chairman's Visits Abroad
Mr. Parvez Butt, Chairman, Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission attended as invited Speaker the World Nuclear Association (WNA) Annual Symposium held in London, UK from 3-5 September, 2003. Chairman, PAEC led Pakistan delegation to the forty-seventh IAEA Annual General Conference held in Vienna from 15 19 September, 2003. He also represented Pakistan as Governor from Pakistan in the Meetings of the IAEA Board of Governors held in Vienna (Austria) on 22 September, 2003, 8-12 March, 2004 and 14-18 June, 2004. Chairman, PAEC participated in the Governing Board Meeting of (WANOTokyo Centre and WANO-Atlanta Centre) and Biennial General Meeting of World Association of Nuclear Operators held in Berlin, Germany from 12-14 October, 2003. On way back he also visited European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland from 15-16 October, 2003. Chairman, PAEC attended 2004 S p r i n g W A N O Tokyo C e n t r e Governing Board Meeting held at Fukuoka, Japan on 30 March, 2004 and also undertook Technical Tour to Genkai Nuclear Power Station on 31 March, 2004 and Hatehobaru Geothermal Power Station & Mt. Aso Area on 1st April, 2004.

Chairman PAEC, addressing the 47th regular session of the IAEA General Conference

developing countries. Pakistan's election to this highest policy making body of the Agency is taken as the endorsement by the international community of the peaceful nuclear programme being pursued by Pakistan.

IAEA Experts in Pakistan

Fifty nine IAEA Experts carried out assignments at different PAEC establishments under IAEA Regular Programme of technical co-operation in various fields including Mutation Breeding, Biofertilizers for increasing sustainable crop production, Medical Physics, Research Reactor Utilization, QA/QC Nuclear Analytical Techniques, In-service Inspection, Review ofC&l Backfitting Equipment, Radiation Protection in Nuclear Power Plants, Probabilistic Safety Assessment, Review of KANUPP Desalination Plant and Management of Changes for Competitive Nuclear Power Performance.

Appointment of PAEC Official Abroad

Mr. Shahid Iqbal Siddiqui of KNPC, Karachi carried out six months assignment as KANUPP Representative with CANDU Owners Group (COG) Office at Toronto, Canada from 6 December, 2003 under Project Improving Safety Features of KANUPP.

Pakistan Elected Member of the IAEA Board of Governors

Pakistan has been elected as member of the Board of Governors of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) for a term of two years beginning from September, 2003 to September, 2005. Election was held at the Forty-seventh IAEA Annual General Conference. Pakistan has previously served on the IAEA Board for fourteen terms and with this extensive experience has consistently advocated the interest of the

PAEC Scientists/Engineers as IAEA Experts

Thirty three PAEC scientists / engineers carried out assignments abroad in various fields including Wheat Improvement, Non-Destructive Testing (NDT), Ultrasonic Testing (UT-2), Radiography Testing (RT-2), Sustainable Energy Development and other N-technology related fields.

Foreign Delegations
Prof. Do Kyung Kim, Department of Material Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Republic of Korea visited PIEAS, Islamabad on 19 January, 2004. Mr. Vozo Miyazaki, Director, World Association of Nuclear Operators (WANO)-Tokyo Centre, Japan visited CHASNUPP, Kundian and PAEC HQ, Islamabad from 26-27 January, 2004.

53 Annual Report 2003-2004

Mr. Tomihiro Taniguchi, Deputy Director General, Department of Nuclear Safety and Security, IAEA visited PAEC establishments from 29 January to 3 February, 2004 and also held meeting with Chairman, PAEC on 30 January, 2004. Ms. Trevan Elizabeth Anne, Director Breast Screen, Lismore, Australia visited NORI, Islamabad on 4 March, 2004 and delivered lectures in the Symposium on Breast Cancer Screening. Mr. Naicheng Xu, Programme Management Officer, East Asia and the Pacific Section, Department of Technical Co-operation, IAEA, Vienna (Austria) visited PAEC Headquarters, Islamabad on 11 March, 2004 for having meeting with Counterparts of on-going Projects as well as the Counterparts of new Project Requests submitted to IAEA for consideration under IAEA Regular Programme of Technical Cooperation for 2005-2006. Professor Yang Juncheng and Dr. Li Guihua, Institute of Soil and Fertilizer, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China visited Nuclear Institute of Agriculture (NIA), Tandojam from 20-27 May, 2004 under the 16th S&T Protocol between Pakistan and China to prepare d e t a i l e d W o r k P l a n for t h e Collaborative Project on Biological Approaches for the Utilization of Salt Affected Soils/Bio-Restoration of Saline Waste Land and Development of Salt Tolerant Plants. Prof. Dr. Ing Ruben Avila Rodriguez, Department of Thermal Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National Autonomous University of Mexico visited PIEAS, Islamabad from 14-18 June, 2004 to c o n d u c t M o d u l a r C o u r s e on Atmospheric Particle Dispersion Modelling.

Mr. Dieter Novotny and Dr. Gerhard Wargner (German Nationals) of M/S. Hans Walischmiller, Dresden, Germany visited PINSTECH, Islamabad from 29 June to 6 July, 2004 in connection with MO-99 Production Facility.

training at various PAEC establishments.

Technical Assistance by IAEA

Twenty one operational IAEA Technical Cooperation projects broadly covering the fields of Biofertilizers for increasing sustainable crop production, Radiation-Induced Mutations, Nuclear Medicine and Radiotherapy Support, Medical Physics, Research Reactor Utilization, Isotope Hydrology, NDT Equipment Calibration, Non-Destructive Evaluation of Pressurized Components, In-Service Inspection Facilities for Nuclear Power Plants, Nuclear Safety and Human Resource Development and Nuclear Technology Support were being carried out. The technical assistance received during 2003 under IAEA Technical Co-operation Programme was US$ 929,712 which include experts visits, equipment delivery, fellowships/training and scientific visits.

PAEC Delegation Abroad

A two member PAEC delegation comprising Dr. M. Mohsin Iqbal, Director, NIAB, Faisalabad and Dr. Z a h o o r A s l a m , PSO, N I A B , Faisalabad visited Beijing, People's Republic of China from 31 May to 13 June, 2004 under 16th Protocol between Pakistan and China for Salty Soil Improving Technology by Using Biological Measures.

National I International Fora

Ten National Meetings / Workshops / Seminars I Symposia, an IAEA/RCA Regional Training Course, a Meeting of National Representatives of RCA Member States and an International Conference were held during the reporting period.

IAEA Research Contracts

IAEA awarded a sum of US$ 109,500/-for undertaking research in various PAEC laboratories in different fields of nuclear science. The amount represents the Agency's financial support for four new research contracts and renewing seventeen existing contracts.

Activities under RCA

Pakistan has continuously played its effective role in the programme ofthe RCA and has gained substantially in the peaceful applications of nuclear t e c h n o l o g y in the a r e a s of Agriculture, Health, Industry, Quality Assurance and Research Reactors Utilization. Pakistan has participated in almost all the RCA projects.

Foreign Trainees in Pakistan under IAEA Award

Eight trainees from Kenya, Libya, Malaysia, Nigeria, Sudan, Tanzania and Yemen availed fellowship

54

Annual Report

2003-2004

FINANCE
Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission received funds from the following sources during the year, 2003-2004. Federal Government Provincial Governments Sale of Electricity Generated Receipts

Funds received from Federal Government are utilised to meet the current as well as development expenditure of the Commission except Karachi Nuclear Power Complex (KNPC) and Chashma Nuclear Power Project (CNPP) which meet their expenditure from their own generated income. Funds from generated receipts, Provincial Governments and other sources ar mostly utilised for development activities. Actual expenditure during the financial year under review along with its comparison with preceding year is given below: DEVELOPMENT EXPENDITURE Rupees (in million) Name of Sector Nuclear Power Mineral Development Agriculture Health Total Development Expenditure B. CURRENT EXPENDITURE The current expenditure on different activities is as follows :Rupees (in million) Name of Sector Agriculture Health Physical Sciences Mineral Development Other Projects PAEC Hqrs Long Term Advances Collaboration with Universities Total Current Expenditure 2002-2003 235.036 305.122 502.933 127.263 27.829 208.333 7.531
-

A.

2002-2003 8.508 90.292 57.161 169.270 325.231

2003-2004 1,759.957 52.460 22.392 165.637 2,000.446

%-age +20,585.91% -41.90% -60.83% -2.15% +515.08%

2003-2004 291.236 354.230 627.719 146.279 27.414 232.769 7.596 1.066 1,688.309

%-age +23.91% +16.09% +24.81% +14.94% -1.49% +11.73% +0.86% +100% +19.40%

1,414.047

55 Annual Report

2003-2004

C.

SELF FINANCING KARACHI NUCLEAR POWER COMPLEX Rupees (in million) 2002-2003 Current Expenditure 847.644 2003-2004 772.170 %-age -8.90%

CHASHMA NUCLEAR POWER PROJECT

Rupees (in million) 2002-2003 2003-2004 2,484.044 %-age +30.42%

Current Expenditure

1,904.634

The revenue earned & receipt of KNPC and CNPP are as follows:Rupees (in million) KNPC, Karachi Electricity Sales Revenue * Receipts of Sales Revenue 2002-2003 703.790 816.822 2003-2004 111.212 50.721

* Including GST Rs. 91.799 Million in 2002-2003 and Rs. 14.539 Million in 2003-2004 Rupees (in million) CNPP, Chashma Electricity Sales Revenue ** Receipts of Sales Revenue 2002-2003 3,246.608 2,392.880 2003-2004 3,650.865 5,637.812

** Including GST Rs. 128.108 Million in 2002-2003 and Rs. 144.060 Million in 2003-2004

On successful operation of Chashma Nuclear Power Project (CNPP) at Chashma Mianwali since June, 2000 by Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC), Government of Pakistan has entrusted the Commission for establishment of 2nd Unit of Chashma Nuclear Power Project.

CONCLUSION An analysis of total expenditure of PAEC reveals that 28.804% constitutes development activities while current expenditure represents 24.310% and self-financing is to the tune of46.886%.

56

Annual Report

2003-2004

PUBLICATIONS
NUCLEAR POWER Conference Presentations
1. M. Kamran Chughtai et al.," Modeling of Chashma NPP Reactor Core Using FUMACS Computer Code Package." 5th International Conference on 'Nuclear Option in Countries with Small and Medium electricity Grid, Dubrovnik, Croatia, May 16,2004'. 2. G.R. Athar and M. Imtiaz, "Potential Market Size for Renewables in the Residential Sector of Pakistan", meeting on Renewable Energy and Sustainable Development, organized by C O M S A T S , 10-11 February 2 0 0 4 , Islamabad. 11. Shakil A. Meenai & Muhammad Arif, "Failure of Charge Tube Axial drive of North Fuelling Machine while discharging Spent Fuel", KANUPP-UOR-04-03. 12. S. M. N a d e e m K a z m i & M u h a m m a d Arif, "Failure of North Fuelling Machine to install closure plug on channel E-15", KANUPP-UOR-04-04. 13. Mushtaq Ahmed, "Forced outage due to high PHT close collection and high drop rate in CPH-TK1", KANUPP-UOR04-05. 14. S. Raza Akhlaq, "Spill of D , 0 due to overflow from burner condensate drum in UPG(X)", KANUPP-UOR-04-06. 15. Tasneem Fatima, et al., "Estimate of Burnup, Remaining W o r t h and Enrichment of KANUPP Spent Booster Fuel Assemblies", KANUPP-STR-03-09. 16. Tahir Siddiqui & Kashif Mushir, "Assessment of Ageing Degradation of Motor Operated Valve", KANUPP-STR03-06. 17. M. Jameeluddin & M. Rashidullah, "Safety Aspects of KANUPP Operation (January to December, 2003)", KANUPPSTR-04-02. 18. Shahid Ali & Akhter K a m a l Q u r a s h i , " P e r f o r m a n c e Review of KANUPP Safety System (January 2003 to December 2003)", KANUPP-STR-0427. Muhammad Naeem Khan, "Steam Generator (SG) Condition", D&D-PCR03-08. 28. Muhammad Naeem Khan, "Inspection of Channel Feeders for wall thinning", D&D-PCR-03-09. 29. Saad Ullah Khan, "Qualitative Assessment of CGB Connectors for Leak Tightness Under LOCA Conditions", D&D-PCR-03-10. 30. H u m a y u n Sultan & Tasnimul H a s a n Burney, "Criteria for Leak Detection and Plant Shutdown in the event of a Pressure Tube (PT) Failure", D&D-PCR-03-11. 31. Syed Rafat Ali, "Environmental Qualification (EQ) of MH-pump motors", NSLD-PCR-03-01. 32. Shahid Raza & Syed Rafat Ali, "A study of Kanupp Scrams (1990-2002) & Proposed Corrective Actions for Scram Reductions (KANUPP-STR-03-08).", NSLD-PCR-03-02. 33. M u h a m m a d Akram & A d a m , "Steam Generator Tube and PHT Piping Stress Analysis in case of Automatic Boiler Crash Cool Down ", KINPOE-PCR03-01. 34. Tahir Siddiqui, " R e m o v a l of Booster Rods.", Mech. Maint-PCR-03-01. 35. Tahir Siddiqui, "Asbestos Hazard.", Mech. Maint-PCR-03-02. 36. S. Fahimuddin, "Re-strengthening / Improvement works of the Civil Structure of the Plant.", Civil-PCR-03-01. 37. S. Fahimuddin, "Inspection of Tendon Anchorage Box through Tendon Gallery of Reactor Building.", Civil-PCR03-02. 38. Shahid Iqbal Siddiqui, "Assessment of Cables. (Safety Issue # 4.17)", E&C-PCR-03-01. 39. Abdul Hameed Qureshi, "Installation of Battery Racks and Commissioning of Battery Bank DE-BY2,", E&CPCR-03-02. 40. Anis Memon, "Overhauling of SOV's and M O V s . (Safety Issue #4.17)", E&C-PCR-03-03. 41. Abdul Razzak, "Sealing of open ends of cable conduits against the steam ingress", E&C-PCR-03-04. 42. S. Shamshad Ali, "ARC-PLC Trial Commissioning & Testing", CDD-PCR03-01. 43. Ghayasuddin Khan, "Chemical Cleaning of PHT Side of KANUPP Steam Generator.", CCD-PCR-03-01.

Reports
3. M. Latif et al., "Comparative Assessment of Investment on Infrastructure Development for Nuclear Power and Other Energy Chains for Electricity Generation in Pakistan". Final Report under IAEA's Co-ordinated Research Programme on "Impact of Infrastructural Requirements on the Competitiveness of Nuclear Power", September 2003. 4. G.R. Athar, M. Saleem Ullah and Ahmad Mumtaz, "Determination of Cost E f f e c t i v e n e s s of N u c l e a r P o w e r Compared to Costs of Fossil Fuel Based Electricity Generation Including Costs of Carbon Dioxide Disposal in Pakistan". Progress Report for IAEA Research Contract, October 2003. 5. G.R. Athar et al., "The Role of Nuclear Power and Other Energy Options in Competitive Electricity Market of Pakistan". Draft Interim Report for IAEA/RCA Project RAS/0/038, December 2003. 6. M. Naeem Khan et al., "Steam Generator Condition E x a m i n a t i o n " , KANUPP-ISR-330-35. 7. Ubaid Anwar Baqai & Afaq A. Shaikh, "Inspection of Channel Feeders for Wll Thinning", KANUPP-ISR-330-37. 8. Abdul Hameed Qureshi & Syed Furqan Ali, "Replacement of Radiator BankofGE-T1", KANUPP-ISR-510-05. 9. Shahid Saghir, "Reactor trip due to passing of Dump valve of Channel "C" during Protective System trip test of Channel "B", KANUPP-UOR-04-01. 10. Shahid Mehmood Malik, "Plant trip on spurious condition of access control master key removed", KANUPP-UOR04-02.

01.
19. Shahid Raza, "Moderator D 2 0 spill f r o m RX-TK4", K A N U P P - A C A - 3 2 5 1/2004. 20. Shahid Raza & Khalid Masood, "Incident of Electrical Shock", KANUPPACA-Misc-2/2004. 21. Humayun Sultan, "To improve control room habitability" D&D-PCR-0302. 22. Tariq M a h m o o d , " I n - S e r v i c e Inspection of Reactor Fuel Channels" D&D-PCR-03-03. 23. Muhammad Shahin, Implementations of easy fix program for seismic upgrading of KANUPP plant equipment D&D-PCR-03-04. 24. M. Saleem Ayub, "Rehabilitation of KANUPP Activity Monitoring System", D&D-PCR-03-05. 25. Abdul Razzak & M. A. Moiz Khan, "Modification in Junction Boxes", D&DPCR-03-06. 26. M. Saleem Ayub & Muhammad Asif, "Study Transport of Debris in Active Drainage System", D&D-PCR-3-07.

57 Annual Report

2003-2004

44. Saeed Ahmed, Anis Memon, Shahid Saghir, "Installation of Emergency D 2 0 and H 2 0 Transfer system", TD-PCR03-03. 45. Anis Memon, "Implementation of CA #360/1086", E&C-PCR-03-05. 46. Anis Memon, "Qualification tests for MH-MV7/MV10 solenoid valves", E&C-PCR-03-06. 47. Moheeb Khan & Yasir Tanvir, "Emergency Shutdown from EFW Room", CDD-PCR-03-02. 48. Zamurrad Baig et al., "Safety Parameter Display System", CDD-PCR03-03. 49. Zamurrad Baig, Sh.M.Ashraf Ali & Nadeem Qazi, Critical Parameter Display System (CPDS)", CDD-PCR-03-04. 50. S. S h a m s h a d A l i , Parameter Display System CDD-PCR-03-04 (Rev.-1). "Critical (CPDS)",

Measurement Test at 152 EFPDs of Cycle-2, CHASNUPP-ENG-20. 63. Soulat Manzoor, Javed Rafiq and Zubair A h m a d , Power Distribution Measurement Test at 182 Effective Full Power Days of Cycle-2, CNPP1-ENGREC-21. 64. Ahmed Nadeem et al., Participation Report on Reload Design Check Calculations at RINPO Wuhan China, CNPP1-ENG-REC-22. 65. S h o u k a t Ali, C a l c u l a t i o n of Reactivity Coafficients for CNPP Cycle-2 Using C o m p u t e r C o d e 3D-NB-2P, CNPP1-Eng-REC-23 Rev-0. 66. Shoukat Ali et al., Excore/lncore Nuclear Instrumentation Calibration Test at 206 EFPDs of Cycle-2, CNPP1-EngREC-24 Rev-0. 67. Makshoof A. Mubashar, Nonroutine Environmental Operating Report 2003, CNPP1-NER-01/2003 Rev-0. 68. Abdul Razzaq, PSA Model Refinements for Auxiliary Feedwater Pump Building Ventilation System (VAF), CNPP1-PSA-1/2003 Rev-0. 69. Zahid Saleem, Khalid Hussain and Abdul wasay, Excore/lncore Nuclear Instrumentation Calibration Test at 121 > EFPDs of Cycle-2, CNPP-ENG-REC-20, 70. Syed Yusuf Raza and Muhammad Younas, Plant Operation Statistics Summary Report (January 2004), CNPP-MOP-01/04. 71. Syed Yusuf Raza and Muhammad Younas, Plant Operation Statistics Summary Report (February 2004), CNPP-MOP-02/04. 72. Syed Yusuf Raza and Muhammad Younas, Plant Operation Statistics Summary Report (March 2004), CNPP-MOP-03/04. 73. Syed Yusuf Raza and Muhammad Younas, Plant Operation Statistics Summary Report (April 2004), CNPP-MOP-04/04. 74. Syed Yusuf Raza and Muhammad Younas, Plant Operation Statistics Summary Report (May 2004), CNPP-MOP-05/04. 75. Syed Yusuf Raza and Muhammad Younas, Plant Operation Statistics Summary Report (June 2004), CNPP-MOP-06/04. 76. Syed Yusuf Raza and Muhammad Younas, Plant Operation Statistics Summary Report (July 2003), CNPP-MOP-07/03. 77. Syed Yusuf Raza and Muhammad Younas, Plant Operation

Statistics Summary Report 2003), CNPP-MOP-08/03.

(August

78. Syed Yusuf Raza and Muhammad Younas, Plant Operation Statistics Summary Report (September 2003), CNPP-MOP-09/03. 79. Syed Yusuf Raza and Muhammad Younas, Plant Operation Statistics Summary Report (October 2003), CNPP-MOP-10/03. 80. Syed Yusuf Raza and Muhammad Younas, Plant Operation Statistics Summary Report (Novermber 2003), CNPP-MOP-11/03. 81. Syed Yusuf Raza and Muhammad Younas, Plant Operation Statistics Summary Report (December 2003), CNPP-MOP-12/03. 82. Semi-annual Radiological Effluent Release Report from January 2003 to June 2003, CNPP-SR-06/2003, Rev-0. 83. Zamir Ahmad and Muhammad Saleem, Report on Periodic Monitoring of Settlement of NI & CI Structures, CNPPSTR-005/2003. 84. Shahid Bashir, Muhammad Kamal and Naveed Akram, Reactor Trip on Turbine Generator Trip, ENR # 08/2001R-4. 85. Zulfiqar Ali et al., Final Event Report on the Reactor Trip and Damage to Turbine Cross over Piping Following Grid Load Transient, ENR # 20/2003-R07. 86. Javed Akram et al., Inadvertent Activity Release From Decay Tank SGW05ATK, E N R # 34/2001-R-18. 87. Muhammad Naeem Dogar and M u h a m m a d Saleem, Earth Quake, ENR#09/2002-R-4. 88. Zulfiqar Ali et al., Interim Report of Event "Reactor Trip on Grid Load Transient", ENR#20/2003-R-07. 89. Mohsin Fayyaz and Mahmood-ulHassan, In-service Report on Reactor Coolant Pump-B,MP-TSI-001. 90. Syed Yusuf Raza, Monthly Technical Report January-March 2003), MTR-01-03. 91. Syed Yusuf Raza, Monthly Technical Report January, 2003), MTR01-04. 92. Syed Yusuf Raza, Monthly Technical Report (February, 2003), MTR02-04. 93. Syed Yusuf Raza, Monthly Technical Report (March, 2003), MTR01-04. 94. Syed Yusuf Raza, Monthly Technical Report (May, 2003), MTR-05-03.

51. Anis Memon, "Automation of EFW System from Main Control Room. (Implementation of CA # 432.1/1005)", E&C-PCR-04-01. 52. Khalid Masood Khan & Syed Zaheer Hasan, "Measures for fire protection of cable penetrations" HPDPSR-03-01. 53. Asad A. Zafar, "Reliability of Offsite Power", TD-PSR-03-01. 54. Abdul Bari, "Implementation of corrective actions to improve Diesel Generator reliability RCA Report # 522.1 02/2001 ", TD-PSR-03-02. 55. G. R. Merchant, "Outage report 25th Aug to 1st Sep 1977", KANUPP-OR77-06. 56. Irfan Ahmed, "Outage report 29th to 30th Oct 1989", KANUPP-OR-89-02. 57. Shahid Saghir, "Outage report 31st Jan to 11th Feb 2004", KANUPPOR-04-01. 58. Shahid Mehmood Malik, "Outage report 9th March to 12th March 2004", KANUPP-OR-04-02. 59. Shahid Mehmood Malik, "Outage report 5th April to 11th April 2004", KANUPP-OR-04-03. 60. Amir Hussain, "Outage report 4th May to 22dn May 2004", KANUPP-OR04-04. 61. Soulat Manzoor, M u h a m m a d Akhtar Raza and Zubair Ahmad, Power Distribution Measurement Test at 121 Effective Full Power Days of Cycle-2, CHASNUPP-ENG-19. 62. Soulat Manzoor, Javed Rafiq and Zubair A h m a d , Power Distribution

58

Annual Report

2003-2004

95. Syed Yusuf Raza, Monthly Technical Report ( June, 2003), MTR-0603. 96. Syed Yusuf Raza, Monthly Technical Report (July, 2003), MTR-0703. 97. Syed Yusuf Raza, Monthly Technical Report (August, 2003), MTR08-03. 98. Syed Yusuf Raza, Monthly Technical Report (September, 2002), MTR-09-03. 99. Syed Yusuf Raza, Monthly Technical Report (Oct-Dec, 2002), MTR10-02. 100. S y e d Y u s u f R a z a , Monthly Technical Report (October, 2003), MTR10-03. 101. S y e d Y u s u f R a z a , M o n t h l y Technical Report (December, 2003), MTR-12-03. 102. M. Saeed-Ur-Rehman, Report of Full External Load Rejection (House Load Capability) Test From 50% of full Power, OPER-TRF-14-030731 Rev-0. 103. M u h a m m a d Naseemullah, Outage Report (07-19 September, 2003), OR-01P03. 104. M u h a m m a d Naseemullah, Outage Report (18-19 January, 2003), OR-01UP03. 105. M u h a m m a d Naseemullah, Outage Report (01-02 February, 2003), OR-02UP03. 106. M u h a m m a d Naseemullah, Outage Report (27 March-06 May, 2002), OR-03UP03. 107. M u h a m m a d Naseemullah, Outage Report (25 June-29 July, 2003), OR-06UP03. 108. M u h a m m a d Naseemullah, Outage Report (29-31 August, 2003), OR-07UP03. 109. M u h a m m a d Naseemullah, Outage Report (11-12 October, 2003), OR-09UP03. 110. M u h a m m a d Naseemullah, Outage Report (09-11 November, 2003), OR-10UP03. 111. M u h a m m a d Naseemullah, Outage Report (19-20 November, 2003), OR-11UP03. 112. M u h a m m a d Naseemullah, Outage Report (09-11 November, 2003), OR-10UP03. 113. Noor Nawab and Zobair H. Rizvi, In-service Inspection for Equipment and Piping Welds of conventional Island, PRISI-02 Rev-1.

114. Muhammad K h a n e t a l . , " F l u x M a p D a t a P r o c e s s i n g a n d A n a l y s i s of CHASNUPP 300 MWe Nuclear Power Plant (up to 121 EFPD)", INUPTR-163, August 2003. 115. K h a w a j a K h u r r a m R a s h e e d , "Relative Comparison of Correlation for Evaluation of DNB ratios in RTHP", INUPITM-194, September2003. 116. Intsar ul Haq, "Station Blackout Severe Accident analysis for Chashma Nuclear Power Plant using MELCOR 1.8.4", INUP-TR-139(R1), August 2003. 117. Zaka Ullah, Mujahid Tanveer, Abid Hussain & Mohammad Iqbal, "A proposal for a Central Computing Facility at INUP", August 2003. 118. Zafar Kazmi, Amir Hasnain, M Abbas, "Condition Monitoring of Critical Floating Machines of CHASNUPP", July 8,2003, INUP-ITM-189. 119. Parvaiz Shafi Khan, "31st Meeting of the Pakistan Atomic Energy Council", S e p t e m b e r , 2003, INUP-ITM-194. 120. P a r v a i z S h a f i K h a n , " 1 5 5 t h Meeting of the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission", October 22, 2003, INUPITM-198. 121. M H Bajwa "Calculation of Steady State Thermal Hydraulic Parameters of 300 MWe CHASHMA Nuclear Power Plant", INUP-ITM/195, October2003. 122. Abid Hussain & Mohammad Khan, "Cycle-2 Calculations for CHASHMA 300 MWe Nuclear Power Plant using XEZ-5 7 3D-NB-2 computer Codes, INUPITM/201, December 2003. 123. Mohammad Khan, Ahsan Bukhari Abid Hussain & Amir Ihsan, "Cycle-3 Fuel L o a d i n g Pattern Selection", I N U P TR/175, December 2003. 124. Muhammad Khan et al., "Flux Map Data Processing and Thermal Hydraulics A n a l y s i s Of C H A S N U P P 3 0 0 M W e Nuclear Power Plant at 182 EFPDs Cycle 2", INUP-TR178, December 2003. 125. M Arshad, A Mannan & M Sagheer "Neutronic Calculations for Mixed PARR1 Equilibrium core using Highly Enrich and Low Enriched Fuel Elements", INUPTR/172, November 2003. 126. A z h a r Inayat & Lai Khan, "Evaluation of CHASNUPP Database to Achieve Plant Operating Parameters of Various Loads using RELAP5/MOD3.2 Code", INUP-TR/173, November2003. 127. A m i r A l i , & M Sagheer, "Generalization of Point Neutron Kinetic Code PDK-II", INUP-ITM-196, October 2003.

128. M Riaz & M Arshad "Benchmarking of WIMS-D/4 and CITATION system of computer codes for MOX Fueled PWRs", INUP-TR/166, October 2003. 129. M Riaz & M Arshad "Use of A d v a n c e d B u r n a b l e A b s o r b e r s in Pressurized Water Reactors-A Review", INUP-TR/167, October2003.. 130. M Arshad, M Sagheer & A Mannan, "Neutronic Analysis of PARR-1 Equilibrium Loading No. 98", INUPTR/171, November2003. 131. Zaka Ullah, & Saleem Ansari, "Vibration Control Techniques in Structures and Equipment", INUP-TR/177. 132. Mohammad Asif, & Mohammad Haroon, "Measurement of Neutron Flux Distribution in PARR-1 core by Neutron A c t i v a t i o n analysis". I N U P - I T M / 2 0 0 , November 2003. 133. Nadeem Elahi & Ashfaq A Siddiqi, " S i m u l a t i o n of C H A S N U P P B o t t o m Nozzle Perforated Plate Test", INUPTR/168,0ctober2003. 134. Syed Waseem Akhtar & Anwar Ahmed, "Fuel Cyle Requirement Without R e p r o c e s s i n g for 300 M W e C N P P Reactor", INUP-TR/170, 0 c t o b e r 2 0 0 3 . 135. G h u l a m Rafiq & Anwar Gadlinia ( G d A ) TR/182, January Murtaza, M o h a m m a d Ahmad "Urania (U0 2 )Fuel: A Review", INUP2004.

136. P a r v a i z S h a f i K h a n , " 1 5 6 t h Meeting of The Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission", January 20, 2004, INUPITM-202. 137. Mohammad Khan et al., " Nuclear Design Report For Cycle-3 of CHASHMA 300 MWe Nuclear Power Plant", INUPTR/187, March 2004. 138. Ahsan Bukhari, Amir Ihsan and K h u r r a m R a s h e e d "Flux Map Data P r o c e s s i n g and T h e r m a l Hydraulic Analysis of C H A S N U P P 300 M W e Nuclear Power Plant for Cycle-2 at 206 and 234 EFPDs", INUP-TR/186, February 2004. 139. Asif Waseem, "Best Estimate Analysis for 3-inch diameter Break LOCA in 300 MWe Chashma Nuclear Power Plant", INUP-TR/181 January 2004. 140. P a r v a i z S h a f i K h a n , " 1 5 7 t h Meeting of The Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission", April 22, 2004, INUP-ITM206. 141. M Khan & Abid Hussain "Start Up Parameters' Prediction Report For Cycle3 of C H A S H M A 300 MWe Nuclear Power Plant", INUP-TR/195, May 2004.

59 Annual Report

2003-2004

142. M Khan, M Kamran Chughtai & Abid Hussain "Start Up Parameters' Prediction Report For E m e r g e n c y Loading pattern of Cycle-3, INUPTR/202, June 2004. 143. Intsar ul Haq "Double Ended Cold L e g B r e a k L O C A w i t h L o s s of Containment Heat sink Severe Accident Analysis for CHASNUPP using MELCOR 1.8.4", INUP-TR/200, June2004. 144. A h s a n B u k h a r i & K h u r r a m Rasheed "Flux Map Data Processing and T h e r m a l H y d r a u l i c A n a l y s i s of CHASNUPP 300 MWe Nuclear Power Plant for Cycle-2 at 265 and 280 EFPDs", INUP-TR/188, April 2004. 145. A h s a n B u k h a r i & K h u r r a m Rasheed "Flux Map Data Processing and T h e r m a l H y d r a u l i c A n a l y s i s of CHASNUPP 300 MWe Nuclear Power Plant for Cycle-2 at 318 EFPDs", INUPTR/194, May 2004. 146. A r s h a d M & S a g h e e r M "Calculation of Reactivity Coefficients for Mixed PARR-1 Equilibrium Core C o m p r i s i n g of HEU & LEU Fuel Elements", INUP-TR/199, June2004. 147. M Rafiq & Anwar Ahmad "CNPP Fuel Performance Analysis Based on Coolant Activity Data", INUP-TR/190, April 2004. 148. Nadeem Ellahi & Ashfaq Siddiqi "Structural Analysis of CHASNUPP's Fuel Assembly Bottom Nozzle" INUPTR/198, June 2004. 149. A a m i r H a s n a i n , M o h a m m a d Abbas, Zafar Kazmi "Condition Monitoring of Critical Rotating Machines of CHASNUPP", INUP-ITM-208, May 2004. 150. Zafar Kazmi et al., "Control of M a c h i n e Vibration to S u r r o u n d i n g Structure T h r o u g h E l e c t r o m e r i c & Pneumatic Isolators", INUP-TR/197, June 2004. 151. Saleem Ansari, Ghulam Mustufa " D e v e l o p m e n t W o r k for A c c u r a t e Localization of Loose Parts by Acoustics Signal Analysis", INUP-TR/192, May 2004. 152. Aamir Hasnain et al., "Experimental Modal Analysis of Cantilever Block Assembly", INUP-ITM/197, 0ctober2003.

radiographic techniques, Sei. Technol. Dev. 23 (2003)1. 154. M. A. Malik, et al., Synthesis of super absorbent co-polymer by pulsed corona discharges in water, Plasma Polym.8(2003)271. 155. N. Jabeen, E. Rehman and S. Ahmed, Determination of lithium isotopic composition by thermal ionization mass spectrometry in sea water, J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 258 (2003) 427. 156. X. J. Ting, et al., Isothermal crystallization of metallocene-based polypropylene with different isotacticity and regioregularity, J. Appl. Polym. Sei. 90(2003) 3215. 157. S. Ahmed, T. Yasin and A. Ghaffar, Radiation effects on hindered phenols in paraffin oil, wax and LDPE, Rad. Phys. Chem. 68 (2003) 925. 158. T. Yasin, et al., Effects of a c r y l o n i t r i l e c o n t e n t s on p h y s i c a l properties of electron beam irradiated acrylonitrile butadiene, React. Func. Polym. 57(2003) 113. 159. A. Mahmood, N. Rakov and M. Xiao, Influence of deposition conditions on optical properties of aluminium nitride (AIN) thin films prepared by dc-reactive magnetron sputtering, Mat. Lett. 57 (2003)1925. 160. N. Rakov, A. Mahmood and M. Xiao, Deposition-and-substrate tunable photonic band gap in optical responses of hydrogenated amorphous SiC thin films, Mod. Phys. Lett. B17 (2003) 387. 161. A. Mahmood, et al., Germanium carbide thin films prepared by laser ablation, Superficie y Vacio, 16 (2003) 23. 162. Mahmood, et al., Optical and surface analysis of AIN thin films prepared by dc-rms technique, Diamond Rel. Mater. 12 (2003) 1315. 163. M. Iqbal, et al., An electromagnetically focused electron beam line source, Rev. Sei. Instrum. 74 (2003) 4616. 164. M.T- Khaleeq, et al., A new wide range reactor power measuring channel, IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sei. 50 (2003) 2445. 165. M.T. Khaleeq, et al., A new loglinear safety channel for reactor power measurement, J. IEEEP, 42 (2003) 32. 166. S. Ahmad, et al., Reply to the comment on regenerative soot as a source of broad band VUV light, Eur. Phys. J. D22 (2003)151. 167. T. Jabbar, et al., Natural and fallout radionuclides concentration in the environment of Islamabad, J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 258 (2003)143.

168. S.S. Ahmad, K. Mahmood and S.D. Orfi, Comparison of calculated absorbed dose to water calibration and direct absorbed dose to water calibration coefficients of farmer type ionization chambers, SSDL News Lett. 48 (2003) 19. 169. P. A k h t e r , et al., U r a n i u m concentration in typical Pakistani diet, J. Radiat. Res. 44 (2003) 289. 170. S. Pervez, A. Mushtaq and M. Arif, Formulation of a freeze-dried kit for 1s 'ReMAG 3 and its quality control, J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 257 (2003) 421. 171. S. Pervez, et al., "'RheniumEDTMP: a potential therapeutic bone agent, J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 257 (2003)417. 172. S. Pervez, A. Mushtaq and M. J e h a n g i r , S y n t h e s i s and in v i t r o evaluation of ""Re-biotinyl-hydrazinoEDTA, Turk. J. Nucl. Sei. 28 (2002) 1. 173. M. M. Saeed, M. Ahmed and A. Ghaffar, Adsorption profile of molecular iodine and iodine number of Polyurethane foam, Sep. Sei. Technol. 38 (2003) 711. 174. K. P. Gills, J. H. Zaidi and S. Ahmad, Radiochemical neutron activation analysis for trace elements evaluation of human milk, Radiochim. Acta 91 (2003)547. 175. Khan, et al., A novel dye doped sol gel silica sorbent for removal of cobalt, Ads. Sei. Technol. 21 (2003) 205. 176. Khan, et al., Removal of cadmium by sol gel silica doped with 1-(2pyridylazo)-2-naphthol, J. Sol-gel Sei. Technol. 27 (2003) 221. 177. S. Waheed, J.H. Zaidi and S. Ahmad, Instrumental neutron activation analysis of 23 individual food articles from high altitude region: Part II, determination of toxic trace elements, J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 258 (2003) 73. 178. M. M. Saeed, M. H. Chaudhary and M. Ahmed, Adsorption profile of preheated Cr (lll)-SCN complexes on Polyurethane foam, J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 258 (2003) 151. 179. M. Wasim, et al., Instrumental neutron activation analysis for the characterization of airborne particulate matter from industrial area of Islamabad city, J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 258 (2003) 397. 180. S. M. Hasany and R. Ahmad, Sorption profile of Cd (II) ions onto coconut husk, Main Group Met. Chem. 26 (2003) 87. 181. T. Yasin, F. Zhiqiang and F. Linxian, Synthesis of unbridged metallocene

PHYSICAL SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING Papers in Journals

153. M. Ahmad, M. M. Ashraf and U. K h u r s h i d , C o r r o s i o n d e t e c t i o n by

60

Annual Report

2003-2004

catalyst for propylene polymerization, Eur. Phys. J.40(2003)517. 182. M. M. Saeed, et al., Kinetics, thermodynamic and sorption profile of Eu (III) and Tm (III) on 4-(2-pyridylazo) resorcinol (PAR) imbedded polyurethane foam, Solvent Ext. Ion. Exch. 21 (2003) 881. 183. Q. Haque and H. Saleem, Ion acoustic and drift wave vortices in electron-positrori-ion plasmas, Phys. Plasmas, 10(2003) 3793. 184. S. Mahmood and H. Saleem, Destructive role of hot ions in the formation of electrostatic density humps and dips in dusty plasmas, Phys. Plasmas, 10(2003) 3426. 185. Q. H a q u e a n d H. S a l e e m , Nonlinear dynamics of electrostatic and electromagnetic drift modes in dusty plasmas, J. Geophys. Res. 108 (2003) 1433. 186. S. Mahmood and H. Saleem, Nonlinear slow shear alfven waves in electron-positron-ion plasmas, Phys. Plasmas, 10(2003)4680. 187. A.M. Mirza, et al., Electrostatic instabilities and nonlinear structures of low frequency waves in non-uniform electron-positron-ion plasmas with shear flow, Phys. Plasmas, 10 (2003) 4675. 188. K.M. Khan, W. Ahmad and K. Iqbal, A non-thermal model for catalytic surface reaction of the type A2 + B 2 2AB: A Monte-Carlo simulation study, Int. J. Mod. Phys. C14 (2003) 1413. 189. M.U. Rajput, M. Ahmad and W. Ahmad, Thermal neutron captures cross section and resonance integral of 159 Tb(n,g) 1S0Tb reaction, Phys. Rev. C68 (2003) 044608. 190. M. Ahmad, et al., Precipitation study in Inconel 625 alloy by positron annihilation spectroscopy, J. Mater. Sei. Technol. 19(2003) 434. 191. W. Ahmad, M. Ahmad and M. U. Rajput, Prompt gamma neutron activation analysis of steel, J. Neutron Res. 11 (2003)145. 192. A. Qayyum, etal., Surface induced dissociation of HD2* - a non-statistical behavior in the H* and D' fragmentation channels, Chem. Phys. Lett. 372 (2003) 166. 193. Qayyum, et al.. The role of internal energy in surface-induced dissociation, Chem. Phys. Lett. 376(2003)539. 194. Qayyum, etal., Electron emission and molecular fragmentation during hydrogen and deuterium ion impact on carbon surfaces, J. Nucl. Mater. 313 (2003) 670.

195. Q a y y u m , et a l . , R e a c t i v e interactions of hydrogen molecular ions H / , D 2 \ H,\ D ; and HD* with carbon tiles from tore supra, Physica Scripta, T103 (2003) 29. 196. Qayyum, et al., Charge exchange and surface-induced dissociation of doubly charged molecular ions C 6 H 5 2 \ C,H,2* and C7Htz* upon impact on a stainless steel surface, Nucl. Instrum. Methods B205 (2003)714. 197. S. Cernusca, et al., Edge plasma relevant ion-surface collision processes, J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Processes, 223 (2003)21. 198. A. Qayyum, et al., Ion surface collisions of CH3*, CH\ CH5+ and CD4+, Radiat. Phys Chem. 68 (2003) 257. 199. G.F, Matthews, et al., Ion optics evaluation of the plasma ion mass spectrometer (PIMS) designed for the JET tokamak, J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Processes, 223 (2003) 45. 200. M. A. Shaikh, et al., Alloying of immiscible Ge with Al by ball milling, Mat. Lett. 57 (2003) 3681. 201. M. Siddique, et al., Study of cation distribution in Ni-substituted Mn-ferrites by Mssbauer effect technique, J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 258 (2003) 525. 202. M. J. Akhtar and S. Waseem, Computational study of scheelite (ZrSiO) by e m p l o y i n g s t a t i c s i m u l a t i o n techniques, Solid State Sei. 5 (2003) 541. 203. R, Shaheen, et al., Atomistic computer simulation studies of Sr 2 Ru0 4 and Ca 2 Ru0 4 , J. Phys. Chem. Solids, 64 (2003)237. 204. S.A.R. Zaidi, S.W. Ali and G.B. Shah, Synthesis and characterization ofa c a t i o n - e x c h a n g e r e s i n b a s e d on vinylpyrrolidone-codivinylbenzene: effect of nature and amount of diluents on different resin properties, J. Appl. Polym. Sei. 93 (2004) 3917. 205. E. Rehman, World, (2004)28. UPS, Electronic

optical spectroscopic analysis with incoherent light, Scripta Materiala, 50 (2004) 589. 209. M. Riaz, S.B. Butt and M.Z. Iqbal, Assay of uranium in the standard reference materials using dynamically modified silica by ion pair HPLC, J. Liq. Chromatogr. Rel. Tech. 27 (2004) 533. 210. S. B. Butt, et al., Optimization of mobile phase for the monitoring of strontium in seawater using nonsuppressed chromatography, J. Liq. Chromatogr. Rel. Tech. 27 (2004) 1729. 211. K. M. Khan, P. Ahmad and M. Parvez, Non-thermal transient mobility of 0 2 in Co-0 2 surface catalytic reaction: a Monte Carlo simulation study, J. Phys. A37 (2004) 5125. 212. S. Hussain et al., A study of population inversion of Hel and Nel in regenerative sooting discharges, J. Phys. D37 (2004) 1234. 213. F. Jan, et al., Separation of radionuclides of silver and antimony from low-level liquid waste of research reactor by using iron (II) hydrous oxide coprecipitation, Sep. Sei. Technol. 39 (2004) 1021. 214. P. Akhter, et al., Estimate of strontium and calcium in Pakistani diet, J. Environ. Radioact. 73 (2004) 247. 215. P. Akhter, G.V. Iyengar, H. Kawamura, et. al., Dietary intakes of s e v e n e l e m e n t s of i m p o r t a n c e in radiological protection by Asian population: comparison with ICRP data, Health Phys. 86 (2004) 557. 216. A. Ali, Extraction of Eu (HI) a n d T m (III) with picrolonic acid in methylisobutylketone, Radiochim. Acta 92 (2004)101. 217. M.M. Saeed and M. Ahmed, Adsorption profile of Co (II) and Hg (II) onto 2-nitroso-1-naphthol immobilized polyurethane foam, Radiochim. Acta 92(2004)47. 218. S. Waheed, etal., INAA for dietary assessment of essential and other elements in fourteen fruits harvested and consumed in Pakistan, J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 260 (2004) 523. 219. N. Hussain, et al., High-temperature oxidation behavior of hastelloy C-4, Steam Oxi. Met. 61 (2004) 516. 220. M. Akram N.U., et al., Fission track estimation of uranium concentrations in drinking water from Azad Kashmir, Pakistan, Health Phys. 86 (2004) 296. 221. Q. Haque and H. Saleem, Current gradient driven Alfvn dipolar vortices in electron-positron-ion plasma, Physica Scripta 69 (2004) 406.

206. S. Bakhtyar, et al., Parametric Evaluation of Mixed (Low and High Enriched) Fuel Core for a Swimming Pool Type of Research Reactor, Mxico Nucl. 5(2004)21. 207. T. Azim, M. Ikram and M. S. Zubairy, Sub wavelength atom localization via autler-townes spectroscopy: effect of the quantized field, J. Quant. Semiclassical Opt. B6 (2004) 248. 208. N. Rakov, A. Mahmood and M. Xiao, Surface metallic state of aluminium nitride (AIN) thin film prepared by direct current dc-reactive magnetron sputtering: 61 Annual Report 2003-2004

222. Q. Haque and H. Saleem, Large amplitude low frequency waves in magnetized non-uniform electronpositron-ion plasma, Chin. Phys. Lett. 21 (2004) 884. 223. J. Vranjes, H. Saleem and S. Poedts, Ion t e m p e r a t u r e gradient instability in dusty plasmas, Phys. Rev. E69 (2004) 056404. 224. K. M. Khan, P. Ahmad and K. Iqbal, Eley-Rideal model for a monomertrimer catalytic reaction of the type A+B 3 AB: a Monte-Carlo simulation study, J. Phys. A37 (2004) 605. 225. K. M. Khan, P. Ahmad and M. Parvez, Non-thermal transient mobility of 0 2 in C 0 0 2 surface catalytic reaction: a Monte Carlo simulation study, J. Phys. A37(2004) 5125. 226. K. M. Khan and K. Iqbal, Existence of a hot atom mechanism for the dissociation of 0 2 on Pt (111) and the phase diagram of catalytic oxidation of CO, Surf. Rev. Lett. 11 (2004)117. 227. K. M. Khan, Effect of ballistic-type hot atom adsorption mechanism on the phase diagram of monomer-dimer CO0 2 surface catalytic reaction: a MonteCarlo simulation, Chin. Phys. Lett. 21 (2004)1171. 228. A. Qayyum, et al., Surfaceinduced dissociation of polyatomic hydrocarbon projectile ions with different initial internal energy content, J. Phys. Chem. A108 (2004)1. 229. A. Aslam, et al., Revival of metastable behavior in phase separated La0SCa5MnO3+t|, Solid State Commun. 129 (2004) 267. 230. S. K. Hasanain, et al.. Re-entrant spin freezing behavior in La sss Ca 015 MnS95FeD05O3 manganite, J. Mag. Mag. Mater. 271 (2004) 79. 231. M. Siddique, et al., Mssbauer study of elemental substitution in Nd16Fe76B6 alloy, J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 261 (2004)151. 232. R.T.A Khan, J. Bashir, N. Iqbal and M. Nasir Khan, Crystal structure of LaVOs by reitveld refinement method, Mater. Lett, 58 (2004)1737. 233. A. H. Qureshi, et al., Thermal decomposition of precursor and the formation of superconducting phases in the Pb-Bi-Sr-Cu-0 (Pb-BSCCO) system, J. Chem. Soc. Pak. 25 (2003) 177. 234. S. Rehman and M. Arshad, Complexes of 1, 2-dimidazoloethane with transition and representative metals, J. Chem. Soc. Pak. 25 (2003) 147.

235. T. M. Ansari, et al., Essential trace metal (Zn, Mn, Cu and Fe) levels in plants of medicinal importance, J. Bio. Sei. 4 (2004) 95. 236. J. Zeb, et al., Environmental gamma dose measurements in the city of Lahore, Pakistan, The Nucleus 39 (2002) 161 (Published in March 2004). 237. M. Aslam, et al., Measurement of Sr-90 in soil samples of Jhanger valley in eastern salt range of Punjab, Pakistan, The Nucleus 39 (2002) 155 (Published in March 2004).

246. M. Ahmed, T. Yasin and S.Ahmed, Adsorption of lead ion on gamma irradiated chitosan flakes, ibid. 247. S. Ahmed, M. Fuzail and T. Yasin, Protection of LDPE wire insulation by hindered phenol, irganox 1010 and hindered amine tinuvin 770 and irgafos 168 blend again damage from ionization radiation, First Research Coordination Meeting at IAEA Vienna, Austria, 08-11 December, 2003. 248. M. Ishfaq, Laboratory evaluation of beta emitting radionuclides and radiop h a r m a c e u t i c a l ! ; fbr radiotherapy, preparation and quality control of " 7 LuDOTA-Tyr3-Octrebtate, IAEA Second Research Coordination Meeting on Laboratory Evaluation of Therapeutic Radiopharmaceuticals, Warsaw, Poland, 19-23 April, 2004. 249. M. Ahmad, Isotope and chemical investigations of major rivers of Indus basin, Pakistan, IAEA RCM on CRP12046, design criteria for a network to monitor isotope composition of runoff in large rivers (Isotope tracing of hydrological processes in large river basins), Vienna, Austria, 10-14 May, 2004. 250. K. Khan, P. Akhter and S. D. Orfi, Extraction and purification of metallic argentums from spent hypo using graphite electrode, 8th International Symposium on Advanced Materials, Dr. A.Q. Khan Research Laboratories, Islamabad, 08-11 September, 2003. 251. R. Ahmed, Development in fuel cell technologies, ibid. 252. J. Akhtar, et. al., Intercomparison of non-isothermal oxidation behaviour of reactive oxides coated and uncoated mild steel, ibid. 253. S.K. Durrani, et. al., Synthesis and properties of large crystal of aluminiumdeficient ultrasil molecular sieve material, ibid. 254. F. Qazi, et. al., Effect of metal oxide sintering aids on sintering and physicochemical properties of magnesia doped zirconia ceramics, ibid. 255. K.L. Ali, et. al., Determination of delayed hydride cracking velocity in the axial direction for hydride (Zr-2.5Nb) pressure tube material, ibid. 256. E. Ahmad, et. al., Ultra grain refinement in low alloy steel, ibid. 257. G.H. Zahid, et. al., Fabrication and aging behaviour of an aluminium based composite, ibid. 258. M. Akram, et. al., Processing of Pakistani carbonatites for separation of adjacent rare earths, ibid.

Conference Proceedings
238. S. Manzoor, et. al., The SLIM collaboration: search for magnetic monopoles at a high altitude laboratory, 2 8 t h I n t e r n a t i o n a l C o s m i c Ray Conference, Tsukuba, Japan, 31 July 7 August, Universal Academy Press, Inc. (2003)1657. 239. M. Israr, Experience With partial decommissioning of PARR-1 (5MW) for core conversion and power upgradation, International Conference on Research Reactor Utilization, safety, decommissioning and waste management in Santiago, Chile, 10-14 November, (2003) 155. 240. S. Bakhtyar, Radiological impact of research reactor operation on the environment, International W o m e n Conference on BIEN Technology in Daejeon, Korea,13-16 November, (2003)

126.
241. I.H. Khan, et. al., Study of wear in piston ring of a vehicle engine using thin layer activation technique, International Conference on Tracers and Tracing Methods, Ciechocinek, Poland, 22-24 June, (2004) 266. 242. M. Iqbal, M. Rafique and K. Masud, Physics of electron beam emission, 9th Symposium on Frontier in Physics, Govt. College University, Lahore, Pakistan. 28-30 January (2003) 89.

Conference Presentations
243. T. Yasin, et. al., Effect of polyfunctional monomers on physical properties of acrylonitrile butadiene rubber under electron beam irradiation, 12th International Congress of Radiation Research, Queens land, Australia, 17-22 August, 2003. 244. M. Ahmed, et. al., Adsorption of lead ions on gamma irradiated chitosan flasks, ibid. 245. S. Ahmed, M. Fuzail and T. Yasin, D e v e l o p m e n t of polyolefin based radiation crosslinked and flame retardant formulations for wire insulations, ibid. Annual Report 2003-2004

62

259. M.J. Moughal, Design and fabrication of grinding polishing machine, ibid. 260. M. Siddique, et. al., Mssbauer study of iron oxide formed during high t e m p e r a t u r e o x i d a t i o n of s o m e superalloys, ibid. 261. M. N. Haque, et. al., Mssbauer spectroscopy study of Ni-Cu ferrites, ibid. 262. M. Nadeem, et. al., Role of Fe at Mn site in La65 Ca0.35 MnO, material, ibid. 263. R. Tahir, et. al., Synthesis and structural refinement of LiAlx Co,., 0 2 system by Rietveld refinement method, ibid. 264. J. I. Akhter, et. al., Synthesis and characterization of a bulk amorphous alloy, ibid. 265. E. Ahmed, J.I. Akhtar and M. Ahmad, Molecular dynamics study of thermal properties of gold, ibid. 266. Z. Ali, et. AI., Effects of silver doping on the properties of Zn-Se thin film pre-pared by closed space sublimation, ibid. 267. S. Ahmad, World trade organization challenges and management, National Executive S y m p o s i u m on Technologies Developed for Commercialization challenges and Opportunities, National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Peshawar, 21-22 September, 2003. 268. S. S. Ahmad, Commercialization of countrywide radiation protection services, ibid. 269. S.A. Mujahid, et. al, Determination of porosity of different material by radon diffusion, Pakistan Institute of Physics, National Conference, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 20-23 October, 2003. 270. F. Malik, et. al., Response of CR39 detector to neutrons of different energies, ibid. 271. N. Ali, et. al., Study of the etching characteristics of Na 2 C0 3 -mixed NaOH solution, ibid. 272. S. Karim, et. AI., Calibration of CR39 track detectors for the identification of heavy particles, ibid. 273. J. H. Zaidi, M. Arif and S. Ahmad, Measurement of fission neutron spectrum average cross-section of some threshold reaction on Tin and Ruthenium- Feasibility studies for the production of 115ln and 9, Tc in a nuclear reactor, International Conference on Current Trends in Radiopharmaceuticals, Holiday Inn, Islamabad, 21-23 October, 2003. 274. Fatima, et. al., Feasibility studies of small-scale production of 4! Ti and , B S m in a nuclear reactor, ibid.

275. M. M. Ishfaq, et. al., Preparation of b" emitting radionuclides in PARR-1 reactorfor internal radiotherapy, ibid. 276. R. Bilal, et. al., Incidence of halicobacter pylori in children with recurrent abdominal pain in Islamabad, studied using non-invasive " C UBT, 4th Annual Hamdard Symposium, Karachi, 12-14 December, 2003. 277. S. Ahmad, Hydrogen fuel cell, energy of the future, Meeting on Renewable Energy and Sustainable Development, 10-11 February, 2004, Holiday Inn, Islamabad. 278. R. Bilal, S. Yousuf and T. Ahmad, Facility established by PAEC: " C urea breath test for diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection, 17th International Conference of the Pakistan Pediatric Association, Lahore, 19-22 February, 2004. 279. A. Hafeez, et. al., A comparative study of diagnostic tests for H. pylori infection in children, ibid. 280. I.E. Qureshi, Collaboration in basic research, South-south and South-north collaboration in Science and Technology, Present Scenario and Future Prospects, COMSATS, Islamabad, 12-13 March, 2004. 281. S.B. Butt, Instrumental analytical facilities for pesticide analysis, National Conference on Persistent Organic Pollutants Enabling Activity Project PAKEPA, U n i t e d N a t i o n e n v i r o n m e n t protection agency, Islamabad, 17-18 March, 2004. 282. S. Ahmad, International standards for world trade, 4th E x e c u t i v e Management Seminar on Environmental Issues and World Trade Organization challenges, 26-28 March, 2004 Islamabad. 283. M. Akram, Estimation of boron in water using neutron induced radiography technique, ibid. 284. S. B. Butt, et. AI., Assay of chlorobased persistent organic pollutants using capillary gas chromatography, ibid. 285. W. Arshed, J. Zeb and S. D. Orfi, Absorbed doses of workers during r e g e n e r a t i o n of recirculation demineralizer of Pakistan Research Reactor 1 as an indicator of radiation safety and protection, ibid. 286. A. Jabbar, P. Akhter and S. D. Orfi, Measurement of radioactivity in soil of Rawalpindi and Islamabad cities, ibid. 287. Fatima, et. al., Estimation of toxic elements in food articles and evaluations in the wake of world trade organization implications, ibid. 63 Annual Report 2003-2004

288. S. M. Hasany and R. Ahmad, The potential of cost effective coconut husk for the removal of toxic metal ions for environmental protection and pollution abatement, ibid. 289. S. Waheed, et. al., Chemometrics: An important tool for data evaluation and source fingerprinting in environmental studies, ibid. 290. J. H. Zaidi, The World Trade Organization; history, structure and analysis, ibid. 291. N. Siddique and J. J Sloan, Use of HYSLPIT4 in performing air mass analysis, ibid. 292. R. Ahmed and M. N. Akhtar, Fuel cell technology: cost assessment and environmental pollution impact, ibid. 293. R. Ahmed and S. A. Qureshi, Evaluation of formaldehyde in industrial products and environmental samples, ibid. 294. M. Daud, S. Ahmad and M. Z. Iqbal, Leaves of delbergia sisso as biomonitorsofairpollution, ibid. 295. K. Jamil, et. al., Measurement of activity concentrations of naturally occurring radionuclides in soil samples from Punjab province of Pakistan, ibid. 296. N. Khalid, Assessment of black carbon in airborne particulate from Islamabad area, ibid. 297. A. Rahman, et. al., Methodologies for health impact assessment of air pollution, ibid. 298. S.Rahman and N . M . Ali, Protocol for secondary standards dosimetry laboratory and radiation protection programme, ibid. 299. S. Rahman, et. al., Blood zinc and copper levels in relation to cardiovascular complications, ibid. 300. . M. Riaz, S. B. Butt and M. Z. Iqbal, Comparative evaluation of the masking e f f e c t of v a r i o u s c o m p l e a n s in determination of U (VI) using ion pair high performance liquid chromatography, ibid. 301. ' S. Rahman, et. AI., Application of atomic absorption spectroscopy for d i a g n o s i n g renal h y p e r t e n s i o n by analyzing whole blood, 4th International and 14th National Chemistry Conference, Lahore, 16-18 May, 2004. 302. Rehana, Comparative trends of Hf behaviour using dc-arc, ibid. 303.-. N. K h a l i d a n d S. A h m a d , Extraction of cobalt from aqueous media using 4-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-phenyl-5thiazoleaceticacid, ibid.

304. J. H. Zaidi, Point of entry activities and inspection of equipment under challenge inspection, Expert Lectures in Chemical Weapons Convention Training Cadre, Chemical Project Complex, D.G. Khan, 7-8 June, 2004. 305. J. H. Zaidi, Managed access techniques under challenged inspection, ibid.

318. G.Y. Hasan, N. Ahmed and N.K. Qazi, Design calculations for laboratory scale facility for conversion of UF, to U0 2 by IDR process, NMD-47 (2004).

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319. Amal Badshah, et al., 2003. Quality studies of newly evolved chickpea cultivars. Advances in Food Sciences. Vol: 25-No. 3. 320: Chaudry, M.A., et al., 2003. Citrus Waste Utilization in Poultry Ration. European Journal of Poultry Science. 68 (3). 321. Ghosia Lutfullah, et al., 2003 "Changes in the Quality of Sunflower & Soybean oils Induced by high Doses of Gamma Radiation" Journal of Chem., Soc. of Pak Vol 25, No 4,269-275. 322. Alam Zeb and Taufiq Ahmad (2004). The high dose irradiation affects the Quality Parameters of Edible Oils. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 7(6) 943946. 323. Y. Iqbal, N. Ahmad, Ihsanullah. Letter to Editor on "Adsorption of toxic aliphatic amines on charcoal". The International Journal of Environmental Studies, 60 (4) (2003) 00. 324. Ihsanullah, A. Ahmad and S.U. Khattak, Irradiation technology: Strategies for reducing losses of date palm in Pakistan, SAIC Newsletter Vol. 14 No. 1,8-9. 325. Ahmed, H.M., et al., 2003. Path coefficient analysis in bread wheat. Asian J. Plant Sei. 2(6):491-494. 326. A n s a r i , B.A., et al., 2 0 0 4 . Implication of combining ability and heterosis in intra-hirsutum hybrids. Indus J. PI. Sei. 3(1): 49-55. 327. Alam, S.M. 2003. Effect of salinity and leaf extract of purple nutsedge on the seedling growth of rice. Journal of Science and Technology (Peshawar, Pakistan), 24(24): 328. Alam, S.M and M.A. Khan. 2003. Effect of weed seed of barnyard grass and NaCI on the growth of rice. Asian J. Plant Sciences, 2(1): 139-140. 329. Baloch, A.W., et al., (2003). Development of high yielding rice mutant variety through gamma rays irradiation. The Nucleus. 39:3-4. 330. Baloch, A.W., et al., (2003). Induction of salt tolerance in rice through mutation breeding. Asi. J. Plant Sei. 2(3): 273-276. 331. Baloch, A.W., et al., 2003. Induction of salt tolerance in rice through

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306. A. Mushtaq, S. Pervez and M. Khalid, Labeled biomolecules with Sm153, Re-188, Y-90 for t a r g e t e d radiotherapy, Final report of coordination research project (1998-2002) on labeling techniques of biomolecules for targeted radiotherapy, IAEA-1359 (2003) 141. 307. J.Zeb, W.Arshed and S.D. Orfi, CShielder, gamma shielding calculations of radionuclides emitting photons 0.5 to 10 MeV by different concretes, IAEA-1403 (2003). 308. M.A. Farooq and J. Rehman, CNC machines and their interfacing, PINST179 (2003). 309. A. Karim, et al., Development of analytical software for semi-quantitative analysis of x-ray spectrum acquired from energy-dispersive spectrometer, PINST180 (2003). 310. M. Akram, et al., An overview of rare earths as magnetic materials, NMD44 (2003). 311. M. Aslam, et al., PINSTECH annual safety report 2002-2003, SAF-22 (2003). 312. A. Karim, et al., Control software for neutron diffractometer, PINST-181 (2004). 313. I.H. K h a n , et al., L e a k a g e investigation in an underground cooling water pipeline at a thermal power station using radiotracer technique, PINST-182 (2004). 314. M. A. Rana, et al., Software development for data acquisition to use potential drops method during the fatigue precracking and d e l a y e d hydrides cracking tests, PINST-183(2004). 315. A. Mushtaq and M. Jehangir, Quality control of column chromatographic Molybdenum-99/Technetium99m generator (PAKGEN), IPD-4 (2004). 316. M. Ansar, et al., studies, NMD-45 (2004). Fluidization

317. N. Hussain, et al., Material investigation of crashed Cessna aircraft, NMD-46 (2004).

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(Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L. Taub) genotypes grown under different water regimes. Asian Journal of Plant Sciences, 2(1): 127-131. 346. Khatri, A., et al., 2004. Mass production of banana (Musa spp.) through biotechnological techniques. Pak.J. Biotech. 1:15-17. 347. Khatri, A., et al., 2004. Study the performance of oilseed brassica in different water regime. Pak. J. Bot 36 (2): 351-357. 348. Laghari, S., etal., 2003. Genotype x environment (GxE) interactions in c o t t o n ( G o s s y p i u m hirsutum L.) genotypes. Asian Journal of Plant Sciences 2 (6): 480-482. 349. Laghari, S., et al., 2003. Selection for seed cotton yield and adaptability among cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) genotypes. Asian Journal of Plant Sciences 2(12): 878-880. 350. Marcar, N.E., et al., 2 0 0 3 . Performance of several tree species on a saline site in southern Pakistan. J. Trop. ForestSc., 15:457-468. 351. Sial, M.A., et al., 2003. Seasonal effects and genotypic responses for grain yield in semi-dwarf wheat. Asian J. Plant Sci.2:1097-1101. 352. Sial, M.A., et al., 2003. An overview on morphological and physicochemical properties of the cereal seed. PJST 1(3): 1-12. 353. Akhtar, K.P., et al., 2003. Resistance in upland cotton to the whitefly transmitted cotton leaf curl virus disease. "Petria 13 (3). 173-182 (2003). 354. Amjad Hameed, et al., 2004. A rapid (100 min) method for isolating high yield and quality dna from leaves, roots and coleoptile of w h e a t (Triticum aestivum L) suitable for apoptotic and other molecular studies. Int. J. Agri. Biol. 6:383-387. 355. Amjad Hameed, et al., 2004. Influence of exogenous application of hydrogen peroxide on root and seedling growth in wheat (Triticum aestivum L). Int. J. Agri. Biol. 6:366-369. 356. Ashraf, M., et al., 2003. Effect of gamma rays on M1 generation in Basmati rice. Pak. J. Bot. 35(5): 791-795. 357. Aslam, M. 2002 (Published in 2004). Evaluation of cotton mutant, NIAB98 for yield potential and adaptability developed through pollen irradiation. Biologia, Pakistan, 48 (1 &2): 153-161. 358. Azam F and Farooq S (2003). Nitrification inhibition in soil and ecosystem functioning- An overview. Pak J Biol Sei., 6:528-535.

359. Azam F, Farooq S and Lodhi A (2003). Microbial Biomass in Agricultural soils-determination, synthesis, dynamics and role in plant nutrition. Pak J Biol Sei., 7:629-639. 360. Azam F, et al., (2004). Impact of e l e v a t e d c a r b o n d i o x i d e in t h e atmosphere on rhizodeposition by crop plants and some rhizospheric microbial functions - a review. Int. J. Bio. Biotech. 1 : 31-44. 361. M. Atta, et al., 2003. Induced Flower color mutations in chickpea. International Chickpea and Pigeonpea Newsletter 10:6-7 362. Cheema, A. A., et al., 2003. Genetic divergence in rice collection. Pak.J. Bot. 36(3): 2004. 363. Khalid P. Akhtar and M. Ahsanul Haq. 2003. Standardization of a graft inoculation method for the screening of mungbean germplasm against Mungbean yellow mosaic virus (MYMV) Plant Pathology Journal (The Korean Society of Plant Pathology). 19(5): 257259. 364. Khalid P., et al., 2003. Cotton leaf curl v i r u s d i s e a s e in relation to environmental conditions in Faisalabad. Pakistan Journal of Phytopathology. 15 (1-2): 1-4. 365. Khalid P., et al., 2002. Upland cotton Varietal response to cotton leaf curl virus (CLCuV) Trop. Agri. Res. and Extension, Sri Lanka. 5:29-34. 366. Khalid P., et al., 2003. Resistance in u p l a n d c o t t o n to the w h i t e f l y transmitted Cotton leaf curl virus disease P E T R I A (Italian Society of Plant Pathology). 13(3): 173-182. 367. Khalid P., et al., 2004. Influence of plant age, whitefly population and cultivar resistance on infection of cotton plants by cotton leaf curl virus (CLCuV) in Pakistan. Field Crops Research (UK). 86(1): 15-21. 368. Rashid, M., et al., 2003. Development of basmati rice varieties through the use of induced mutation and related techniques. Pak. J. Bot. 35(5): 811-818. 369. S. N. Ahn., et al., 2003. DNA marker Facilitated Analysis and Selection of Low Tiller Number in rice. Korean. J. Breed. 35:222-228. 370. S. S. Alam, et al., 2003 Screening for ascochyta blight resistance in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L). J of Mycology and Phytopathology. 1 (1) 61-62 371. S. S. Alam, et al., 2004. Screening of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) lines for blight and wilt resistance. International Journal of Biology and Biotechnology. 1(3): 351-353.

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385. Nadeem, S., et al., 2004. Influence of different carbon and nitrogen sources on the production of glutamic acid by locally isolated bacteria., Int. J. Biol. Blotechnol., 1:25-30. 386. Nafees Altaf and M. M. Iqbal. 2003. Towards a seedless cultivar of Kinnow mandarin. IV. Embryo-genesis of one to twelve seeded fruits. Pak. J. Bot. 35 (3): 343-350. .387. Nafees Altaf, M. M. Iqbal and Ehsan Ullah Khan. 2004. Towards a seedless cultivar of Kinnow mandarin. VII. Natural and induced variability. Pak. J. Bot. 36(1): 93-102. 388. Nafees Altaf and M. M. Iqbal. 2003. Towards a seed cultivar of Kinnow mandarin. VI. Production of seedless plants by sprout shoot apex embryo grafts. Pak. J. Bot 35 (4): pp. 563-570. 389. Nafees Altaf and M. M. Iqbal. 2003. Towards a seedless cultivar of Kinnow mandarin. V. Embryo-genesis of picked and dropped fruits. Pak. J. Bot. 35 (4): pp. 557-561. 390. Nafees Altaf and M. M. Iqbal. 2003. Towards a seedless cultivar of Kinnow mandarin. III. Variation in d e v e l o p e d and u n d e v e l o p e d seed number. Pak. J. Bot. 35 (3): 339-342. .391. Nafees Altaf,et al., 2003. Towards a seedless cultivar of Kinnow mandarin. II. Variation in seed shape and seed sizes. Pak. J. Bot. 35(1): 79-87. 392. Shahnaz A. Khanum, et al., 2003. Studies on reproductive Endocrinology of dwarf Goat Using Radio immunoassay techniques pp: 128-145. 393. Y a q o o b , R . , et a l . , 2 0 0 3 . Comparative study of different carbon sources for better amino acid production through bacterial fermentation. J. Nat. Sei., 1(1): 77-85. 394. Zafar Iqbal, et al., 2004. Genetic variability to essential oils in five species of eucalyptus. Pak. J. Bot. 35(5): 843-852. 395. Zafar Iqbal, et al., (2003). Use of industrial effluent (calcium chloride) for reclaiming salt-affected land and enhancing wheat yield. Pak. J. Soil Sei. 21 (4): 63-66. 396. Akhter J., et al., 2004. Effects of hydrogel amendment on water storage of sandy loam and loam soils and seedling growth of barley, wheat and chickpea. Plant Soil Environ. 50:463-469. 397. Akhter, J., et al., 2004. Improvement of degraded physical properties of saline-sodic soil by reclamation with kallar grass (Leptochloa fusca), Plant & Soil 258:207-216.

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410. Kamal, A., et al., 2003. Salinity induced changes in some growth and physio-chemical aspects of two soybean [Glycine max (L.) Mrr.] genotypes. Pak. J. Bot. 35(1):93-97. 411. Khan Z.I., et al., 2003. Evaluation of potassium status of grazing goats in south Punjab, Pakistan. J Animal and Veterinary Advances 2(7):375-381. 412. Khan, A., et al., 2003. Cu status in soil, plants and animals during winter and summer seasons. Pak. J. Bot. 35(5):757763. 413. Khan, A., et al., 2003. Zn2* status in soil, plants and animals: A case study in buffalo. Indus J Plant Sei. 2(1 ):15-20. 414. Khan, Z.I., et al., 2003. Contribution. of soil, forages, water and feed toward meeting cobalt requirements of grazing goats during different seasons. J Animal & Veterinary Advances 2(8):470477. 415. Khanzada, B., et al., 2003. Study of photosynthetic efficiency of some guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L. Taub) gerjotypes grown under different water regimes. Asian J Plant Sei. 2(1): 127-131. 4 l , M a h m o o d , S., et al., 2004. Comparative biochemical changes in resistant and susceptible cotton cultivars to ifeaf curl virus at germination and early seedling stage: -amylase, starch, total soluble sugars in seed, radicle and plumule. Asian J Plant Sei. 3(2):159-162. 417. Qasim, M., et al., 2003, Water r e l a t i o n s a n d leaf gas e x c h a n g e prdperties in some elite canola (Brassica napus) lines under salt stress. Annals Applied Biol. 142:307-316. 418. Qasim, M., et al., 2003. Salt induced changes in two canola cultivars differing in salt tolerance. Biologia Plantarum 46(4):629-632. 419. Sarwar, G., M. Y. Ashrf and M. Naeem. 2003. Genetic variability of some primitive bread wheat varietis to salt tolerance. Pak. J. Bot. 35(5):771-777. 420. Wahed, R.A., F. Hussain and M. M. Iqbal. 2004. Development of low cost aquaculture technology for raising fish on salt affected and barren lands with brackish water. Urdu Pamphlet No: BSRS-ll/03, p.1. 421. Ahmad Z, et al., (2004) Use of plant growth regulators (PGRs) in enhancing crop productivity. L Effect of CaCj as a source of ethylene on sorn agronomic parameters of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). J Agron 3,68-71. 422. Ahmad Z, et al., (2004) Use of plant growth regulators (PGRs) in

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enhancing crop productivity. II. Effect of CaC 2 as a source of ethylene on nutrient uptake by wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). IntJ Biol Biotechnol 1,311-318. 423. Alam SM and S. Azam Shah. 2003. Effect of individual v e r s u s integrated use of phosphatic fertilizers on P-uptake and yield of maize and wheat. Pak. J. Soil Sei. 22:74-80. 424. Alam SM and S.A Shah. 2003. Effect of zinc and boron application on two rice genotypes. Pak. J. Soil Sei. 22(2): 6771. 425. Alam SM, et al., 2003. Effect of integrated use of industrial wastes and chemical fertilizers on phosphorus uptake and crop yields. Pak. J. Soil Sei. 22: 8186.

435. Azam F, Farooq S and Lodhi A (2003) Microbial biomass in agricultural soils determination, synthesis, dynamics and role in plant nutrition. Pak J Biol. Sei. 6,636-639. 436. Azam F, Lodhi A and Farooq S (2003) Response of flooded rice (Oryza sativa L.) to nitrogen application at two root-zone temperature regimes. Biol. Fertil. Soils. 38,21-25. 437. Azam F, Lodhi A and Sajjad MH (2003) Response of rice to nitrogenous fertilizer and G-irradiated sewage sludge. Pak J Sei. Ind. Res. 46,129-134. 438. Farooq S and Azam F (2003) Biotechnology Promethean science or obsession. Biotechnol 2,52-72. 439. Mahmood T, Kaiser WM (2003) Growth and solute composition of the salt-tolerant kallar grass [Leptochloa fusca (L.) Kunth] as affected by nitrogen source. Plant & Soil252:359-366. 440. Sajjad MH, Azam F and Lodhi A (2003) Nitrogen transformations in soil amended with different plant residues and their impact on growth of wheat. Pak J Biol. Sei. 6,805-813. 441. S h a h , K. H, et al., 2 0 0 3 . Performance of Fertigation Technique for P Usage Efficiency in Wheat. Asian J. Piant Sciences, 2(15-16): 1088-1091. 442. Shereen, A., et al., 2003. In vitro selection for salt tolerance among different strains of Bradirhizohium japonicum, Pak. J. Bot., 35(1): 89-92. 443. Soomro, A. M., 2003. A new high yielding mutant aromatic rice variety Khushboo-95. International Rice Research Notes. 28 (1): 32. 444. Shah.S. J. A., et al., (2003). Stability of rust resistance and yield potential of some ICARDA bread wheat lines in Pakistan. Pak.J.Sci.lnd.Res. 46(6): 443-446. 445. Raziuddin S., et al., Hormonal Effect on Callus Induction In Tomato. Sarhad J. Agric. Vol. 20, No.2,2004. 446. Iftikhar Ali and Mumtaz Ahmad, 2004. " In vitro mutagenesis in oilseed brassica"in Pak. J. Biotech. 1(1) 1-5. 447. R. Zamir, et al., 2003. In- vitro mutagenesis in guava (Psidium guajava L.). Pak. J. Bot. 35(5): 825-828. 448. Badshah, A., et al., (2004). Impact of genotype and location/environment on protein, gluten and moisture content of Pakistani wheat. Advances in Food Sciences. 26 (3). 449. Zamir R., et al., 2003. In Vitro mutagenesis in Guava (Psidium guajava L.). Pak. J. Bot., 35(5): 825-828,2003. 67 Annual Report 2003-2004

450. R. Zamir, et al., Effects of gamma rays on the rooting of guava shoot tips. Pak. J. Biotech. 1(1) 11-14 (2004). 451. Badshah, H., et al., 2003. Efficacy of Mercuric Chloride and Copper Sulaphate against termites (Heterotermes indicola) (Isoptera: Rhintermitidae) Sarhad J. Agric. Vol. 20, No.2, pp 275-278. 452. Khattak, S. U; A. Azhar and M. Shahid 2004. Effect of food diets on insect development and its sensitivity to gamma radiation. Pak. J. Agric. Res. 18 (1): 2530. 453. Javed, M. A., et al., 2003. Development of High Yielding Mutants of Brassica campestris L. cv. Toria Selection through Gamma Rays Irradiation. Asian J. Plant Sei., 2(2):192-195. 454. Khan, I. A., et al., 2003. Tissue culture studies in sugarcane. Pak. Sug. J. 18 (6): 37-40 455. Khan, l. A., et al., 2004. In-vitro studies in sugarcane. Pak. J. Biotech. 1: 6-10. 456. Khatri, A., et al., 2004. Mass production of banana (Musa spp.) through biotechnological techniques. Pak. J. Biotech. 1:15-17. 457. K h a n , I . A . , et a ! . , 2 0 0 4 . Performance of promising sugarcane cloneforyield and quality traits in different ecological zones of Sindh. Pak. J. Bot., 36 (1)83-92. 458. Khatri, A., et al., 2004. Study the performance of oilseed brassica in different water regime. Pak. J. Bot 36 (2): 351-357.

426. Alam SM, et al., 2003. Wheat yield and P-fertilizer efficiency as influenced by rate and integrated use of chemical and organic fertilizers. Pak. J. Soil Sei. 22(2): 72-76. 427. Altaf Hussain, et al., (2003) Application of Nuclear Techniques in Pesticides Research. Pak. J. Anal. Chem. 44 (2): 86-9. 428. Ashraf A, Mahmood T, Azam F (2003) Translocation and recovery of " N labelled N derived from foliar uptake of 1S NH3 by rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars. BiolFertilSoils, 38:257-260. 429. A s h r a f M, et a l , , (2004) C o m p a r a t i v e e f f e c t s of a p p l y i n g leguminous and non-leguminous green manures, and inorganic N on the biomass yield and nitrogen uptake in flooded rice (Oryza sativa L.) Biol Fertil Soils 40:147152. 430. Azam F and Farooq S (2003) An appraisal of methods for measuring symbiotic nitrogen fixation in legumes. Pak J Biol Sei 6,1631-1642. 431. Azam F and Farooq S (2003) Elevated COz and stress tolerance in crop plants with particular reference to agroclimatic conditions of Pakistan. Pak J Biol. Sei. 6,1096-1107. 432. Azam F and Farooq S (2003) Nitrification inhibition in soil and ecosystem functioning an overview. Pak J Biol. Sei. 6, 528-535. 433. Azam F and Farooq S (2003) Use of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) to facilitate bacterial infection of roots. Phytopath. 1,53-59. 434. Azam F and Mller C (2003) Effect of sodium chloride on denitrification in glucose amended soil treated with ammonium and nitrate nitrogen. J Plant NutrSoil Sei 166,594-600.

Conference Proceedings
459. Aurang Zeb, et al., Radiation D e c o n t a m i n a t i o n of Poultry f e e d Nutritional and biochemical Effects ofthe treatment. Proceedings of symposium on C o m m e r c i a l i z a t i o n of D e v e l o p e d Technologies. Challenges and opportunities. September, 21-22. 460. Aslam, M., Elahi, M.T. and Iqbal, N. 2003 (Published in 2004). Evaluation and c o n f i r m a t i o n of n o v e l g e n o t y p e s g e n e r a t e d under the project, "Development of improved germplasm of cotton through radiation and DNAmediated embryo transformation technique". Proc. Of 3rd and final RCM on "Industrial Crops" organized by the IAEA. IAEATECDOC Series No.1369:69-79. 461. Farooq S, et al., 2003. Electrolyte leaching and salinity susceptibility index as selection criteria for salt tolerant wheat

(Triticuum aestivum L.). Proceedings of 10th, int. Wheat Genetic. Symp. 2: 700702. 462. Hassan, M et al., 2004. Effect of NP on yield, quality and cotton disease. Proc. 4th International and 14th National Chemistry Conference. 463. Khattak, S. U; et al., 2001. Screening of different chickpea cultivars for resistance against pulse beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus (F.). Proc. 21st Pak. Cong. Zool. International. 21: 95-100. 464. Khattak, S. (J; et al., 2002. Screening of chickpea genotypes against gram pod borer (Helicoverpa armigera Hub.) using bioassay technique. Proc. 22nd Pak. Cong. Zool. 22:49-55. 465. Alamzeb, et al., 2002. Evaluation of pheroitione traps at different heights for management of chickpea pod borer (H. armigera Hub.). Proc. Pak. Cong. Zool. 22: 79-85. 466. Farid, A; et al., 2002. Selection of acaricides with least toxic effect on Sitotroga cerealella Oliv culture efficiency. Proc. 22nd Pak. Cong. Zool. 22:133-138. 467. Imtiaz, M., et al., 2004. "Zinc sorption in selected soils from Pakistan a n d E n g l a n d " . 10th I n t e r n a t i o n a l Congress of Soil Science held at SAU, Tando Jam from March 16-19,2004. 468. Jamali, K. D. and S. A. Ali 2003. " E x p l o i t a t i o n of s e m i - d w a r f w h e a t (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes for high yield". Proc. 10th Int. Wheat Genetics Symp. 2: 727-729, 1-6 September, 2003, Pastern, Italy. 469. Memon, M. Y., et al., 2004. Effect of different N levels on various cottonlegume intercropping systems. 10lh international Congress of Soil Science held at SAU, Tando Jam from March 1619,2004. 470. M u k h t i a r A l i , et a l . , 2 0 0 3 . Phosphorus adsorption in representative soils of Peshawar Valley (NWFP). Pak. J. Sei. Ind. Res., 46(4): 288-294. 471. Shah, K. H et al., 2004. Efficiency of fertigation technique for economizing fertilizer P in berseem. 10th International Congress of Soil Science held at SAU, Tando Jam from March 16-19,2004. 472. Raja, A. R. and K. H. Shah, 2004. Evaluation of phosphobacterial and mycorrhizal in wheat. 10th International Congress of Soil Science held at SAU, Tando Jam from March 16-19,2004. 473. M. A. Haq, et al 2003. Induction of genetic variability for plant type and

disease resistance in chickpea, and its utilization in breeding. In: Sustainable Utilization of Plant Genetic Resources for Agricultural Production: Proceed, of Seminar, December 17-19 2002, NARC, Islamabad, pp. 28-37. 474. Khattak G. S. S., et al., 2003. Development of High Yielding and Disease Resistant Chickpea (c/cer anetinum L.) Mutants.//?.' Sustainable Utilization of Plant Genetic Resources for Agricultural Production: Proceeding of Seminar, 17-19 December 2002, NARC, Islamabad, Pakistan, p. 73-77.

inorganic electrolytes. In: Abstracts of the 10th Intl. Congress of Soil Science, organized by the Soil Sei. Soc. Pakistan, at Sindh Agric.l Univ., Tandojam,. p. 128 482. Ashraf, M., M.M. Iqbal and F. Hussain. 2003. Agrigels: the prospective soil conditioners for salt-affected soils. In: Abstracts ofthe 8th Natl. Meeting of Plant Scientists, Organized by Pak. Botanical Soc. at the University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan, p. 60 483. Zamir R., N. Ali, G. S. S.Khattak and T. Mohammad. 2003. Studies on the shelf life elongation in garlic (Allium sativum L.). In: 8th National Meeting of Plant Scientists Feb. 24-28, 2003, Department of Botany, University of Karachi, Pakistan. 484. S. J. A. Shah, et al., 2004. PostRelease Monitoring of Bakhtawar-92' and Screening of CIMMYT/ICARDA Bread Wheat Germplasm for Resistance to Yellow Rust (Puccinia Striiformis F. SP. Tritici) in Pakistan. In: Abstracts, Second Regional Yellow Rust Conference For Central & West Asia And North Africa, 2226 March 2004, Islamabad, Pakistan. Pp. 18.

Conference Presentations
475. Aslam, M. and Shahida Hasnain. 2004. Correlation and path coefficient studies of yield components in Upland cotton. G. hirsutum L. Proc. 2nd National Conf. Biol. Soc. Pakistan held at Govt. College University, Lahore, from 21-23 April, 2004. 476. Hina Syed, et al., Study for Fusarium wilt resistance in chickpea by using peroxide isozyme. Proc. 7th International Conference "Trends in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology", April 2-5,2003, Lahore, Pakistan. 477. M. Ahsanul Haq, et al., Induction of genetic variability for plant type and disease resistance in chickpea, and its utilization in breeding programme. Proc. Seminar on "Sustainable Utilization of Plant Genetic Resources for Agricultural Production" 17-19 Dec. 2002, NARC, Islamabad, Pakistan, pp.28-37. April 2003 478. Sadiq. M. S, et al., 2003. Induced genetic variability for economic traits in I A E A / R C A R e g i o n a l w o r k s h o p on " R e v i e w i n g R e s u l t s of M u t a n t Multilocation Trials" Oct 27-31, Manila Philippines. 479. S a d i q . M. S, et al., 2 0 0 3 . Diversified mungbean germplasm for seed yield potential in IAEA/ RCA Regional workshop on "Reviewing Results of Mutant Multilocation Trials" Oct 27-31, Manila Philippines. 480. T.M. Shah, et al., Utilization of wild chickpea germplasm for resistance to various stresses. Proc. Seminar on "Sustainable Utilization of Plant Genetic Resources for Agricultural Production" 17-19 Dec. 2002, NARC, Islamabad, Pakistan, pp.78-82. April 2003 481. Ashraf, M., F. Hussain and H. Shahida. 2004. Effect of bacterial exopolysaccharides on aggregate stability of a clay fraction obtained from a saltaffected soil following addition of

Pamphlets
485. Ali, Y., Z. Aslam and F. Hussain. 2003. "Nuclear Techniques Assisted Management of Salt Affected Waste Lands and Brackish Water in Pakistan" Recommendations for getting good yields of wheat from saline soils. Pamphlet in Urdu, 8 p. 486. Ali, Y., Z. Aslam and F. Hussain. 2004. "Nuclear Techniques Assisted Management of Salt Affected Waste Lands and Brackish Water in Pakistan". Recommendations for getting good yields of rice from saline soils.Pamphlet in Urdu, 7p. 487. Wahed, R.A., F. Hussain and M.M. I q b a l . 2 0 0 4 . D o n ' t e l i m i n a t e the Eucalyptus trees get profit froin its leaf biomass and wood. Urdu Pamphlet No.BSRS-ll/05, p.1.

Newsletters
488. Aslam, Z, et al., 2003. Sustainable use of ground water fot- plant production. Salinity & Environment Newsletter. Vol.1. (4), p. 4. 489. Zamir, R., G. S. S. Khattak and M. J. Qureshi. 2003. Cluster fruiting-a new mutant form in guava cultivar, Safeda in Pakistan. SAARC Agricultural Information Centre newsletter. 13(1): 910. (Bangladesh).

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Articles
490. Salihah, Z; A. Sattar; S.U.K. Khattak. 2004. Phasloon our Baghaat ki deemak ka marboot tareeqe Tadaraq. Urdu research bulletin pp 1-9. 491. Salihah, Z; A. Sattar; S.U.K. Khattak. 2004. Deemak kay gharoonday ka soragh bazaria NIFA-TERMAP. Urdu research bulletin, pp 1-4. 492. Khattak, S. U; et al., 2004. Fruit fly traps preparation and field applications. NIFA Res. Bull. (36): pp-3. 493. Khattak, S. U; et al., 2004. Fruit fly an important problem in fruits and vegetables and its control. NIFA Bulletin pp 5 (In Urdu). 494. Ahmadani, M.A., M.A. Arain and N.A. Nizamani. 2003. Crop weeds and their management. Sindh Ziraat 13(11): 67. 495. Ahmadani, M.A., M.A. Arain and N.A. Nizamani. 2003. Land preparation for wheat planting. Sindh Ziraat 13(11):67. 496. Ahmad, N., et al., 2003. Mewan je makh Ja Nuksan ain Bachaio. Monthly Zarae Dost (Sindhi), Karachi. Volume No. 5 August 2003. 497. Ahmad, N., et al., 2004. Kamand jai nuksankar jeetan ge hayatiati zaboto. Monthly Sindh Zarat, Karachi, June 2004. 498. Alam, S. M. 2003. Salinity and plant tolerance. Pakistan and Gulf Economist, (Karachi, Pakistan), June 30 July 6,XXII. No. 26, p. 32. 499. Alam, S. M. 2003. Water management. Pakistan and Gulf Economist, (Karachi, Pakistan), July 7-13, XXII. No. 27, pp. 41-42. 500. Alam, S. M. 2003. Role of woman in agriculture and social activities. Pakistan and Gulf Economist, (Karachi, Pakistan), July 14-20, XXII. No. 28, pp. 40-41. 501. Alam, S. M and M. H. Naqvi. 2003. Agricultural technology for crop growth. Pakistan and Gulf Economist, (Karachi, Pakistan), July 21-27, XXII. No. 29, pp. 27-29. 502. Alam, S.M. and M.H. Naqvi. 2003. Livestock vision in the country. Financial Post (Karachi, Pakistan). Wednesday, July23, p. 4. 503. Alam, S.M. 2003. Maximizing agriculture growth. Pakistan and Gulf Economist, (Karachi, Pakistan), August 3, XXII. No. 30, pp. 27-28. 504. Alam, S.M. 2003. Frontiers in crop productivity. Pakistan and Gulf Economist, (Karachi, Pakistan), August 4-10, XXII. No. 31, pp. 28-29.

505. Alam, S.M and M.A. Khan. 2003. Pineapple A delicious fruit. Financial Post (Karachi, Pakistan). Tuesday, August 5, p. 4. 506. Alam, S.M and M.A. Khan. 2003. The proteins Component of life. Financial Post (Karachi, Pakistan). Friday, August 8, p. 4. 507. Alam, S. M and M.H. Naqvi. 2003. Agriculture in SAARC countries. Pakistan and Gulf Economist, (Karachi, Pakistan), August 11-17, XXII. No. 32, pp. 30-33. 508. Alam, S. M.. 2003. Integrated plant nutrient management. Pakistan and Gulf Economist, (Karachi, Pakistan), August 18-24, XXII. No. 33, pp. 16-18. 509. Alam, S. M. 2003. Importance of water. Financial Post (Karachi, Pakistan). Monday, August 18, p. 4. 510. Alam, S. M. 2003. Worldwide rice production. Pakistan and Gulf Economist (Karachi, Pakistan), Sept. 1-7, XXII No. 35:19-29. 511. A l a m , S. M. 2 0 0 3 . G r o w t h prospects and constraints in agriculturePakistan and Gulf Economist, (Karachi, Pakistan), Sept. 8-14, Vol. XXII. No. 36: 16-19. 512. Alam, S. M., etal., 2003. Berseeman important fodder crop. Financial Post (Karachi, Pakistan). 16Sept.,X(123):4. 513. Alam, S. M. 2003. Salt affected soils. Financial Post (Karachi, Pakistan), 19Sept.,X(120):4. 514. Alam, S. M. 2003. Using hydroponic system in Thar desert. Financial Post (Karachi, Pakistan)., Sept. 26, p. 4. 515. Alam, S.M. 2003. Soil as supporting media for plant growth. Pakistan and Gulf Economist, (Karachi, Pakistan), Vol. XXII. No. 39:16-17. 516. Alam, S.M. and M.A. Khan. 2003. Growth regulator and agriculture. Financial Post (Karachi, Pakistan). X(147): 4. 517. Alam, S. M. 2003. Pakistan agriculture and farmers. Pakistan and Gulf Economist, (Karachi, Pakistan), Vol. XXII. No.40:37-40. 518. Alam, S. M. 2003. Global warming. Pakistan and Gulf Economist (Karachi, Pakistan)., October 20-26, XXII, No. 42: 41. 519. Alam, S. M. 2003. Food security t h r e a t e n e d by p o p u l a t i o n g r o w t h . Pakistan and Gulf Economist (Karachi, Pakistan)., October 27 - November 2, XXII, No.43: 37. 520. Alam, S.M. 2003. Mango The king of fruits. Financial Post (Karachi, Pakistan)., October28, p. 4.

521. Alam, S. M. 2003. Fighting salinity. Pakistan and Gulf Economist (Karachi, Pakistan)., November 3-7, XXII, No. 44: 15. 522. Alam, S.M. 2003. Neem A wonderful tree. Financial Post (Karachi, Pakistan)., Friday, November7, p. 4. 523. Alam, S.M. and M.H. Naqvi. 2003. Importance of potassium in plant growth. Daily Dawn (Karachi, Pakistan), November 10,2003, pp. IV. 524. Alam, S.M. 2003. Tree planting in desert areas of country. Pakistan and Gulf Economist (Karachi, Pakistan)., November 10-16, XXII, No. 45:35. 525. Alam, S.M. and M.H. Naqvi. 2003. Plant growth regulators. Daily Dawn (Karachi, Pakistan), November 17, 2003, pp. IV. 526. Alam, S.M. 2003. Citrus World's leading tree fruit crop. Financial Post (Karachi, Pakistan)., Wednesday 19, November5, p. 4. 527. Alam, S.M. 2003. Food production in the country. Financial Post (Karachi, Pakistan)., Monday, Novernber24, p. 4. 528. Alam, S.M. 2003. Food security and consumption patterns. Financial Post (Karachi, Pakistan)., Monday, November 24, p. 4. 529. Alam, S.M. 2003. Environmental pollution. Pakistan and Gulf Economist (Karachi, Pakistan)., November 24 December7, XXII, No. 47:38-39. 530. Alam, S.M. 2003. Weeds and their ill-effects on main crops. Daily Dawn (Karachi, Pakistan), December 1. 531. Alam, S.M, 2003. Radioisotopes. Pakistan and Gulf Economist (Karachi, Pakistan)., Dec. 8-15, XXII, No. 49:30. 532. Alam, S.M., M.A. Khan and S.M. Mujtaba. 2004. Declining of fertility of land in Sindh. Business Recorder, 1st April, p. 4. 533. Mujtaba, S.M. and S.M. Alam. 2003. Phases of rice growth. Business Recorder (Karachi, Pakistan), Sunday July6, p. 4. 534. Arain, M.A. and M.A. Sial, 2003. Wheat varieties of NIA Tando Jam. 2003. Sindh Z a r a a t l 3(10):5. 535. Jafri., K. A., J. Fazal Ali and N.A. Sheikh. 2003. New mungbean variety AEM-96: A helping tool in improving mungbean yield in Sindh province. Sindh Zaraat (Sindhi), 135:11. 536. Sial, M.A., M.A. Arain and N.A. Nizamani. 2003. The necessity of timely planting of wheat. Sindh Zaraat 13(12): 32-33.

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537. Shah, S. A., and S. Ali, 2004. "NIFA-MUSTARD CANOLA"-Raya ki nai taraqidadah qisam ki kasht, Urdu Research Rubi. Omar Art Press, 1-4 pp. 538. Shah, S. A. and S. U. K. Khattak, 2003. Working Paper on "Method and Means for Adoption in Agriculture sector in next five years for i n c r e a s i n g contribution of agriculture to the GDP of Pakistan. Submitted to PAEC Qrs. 539. Shah, S. A., 2003, NIFA-RAYA: Mutant variety of Oilseed Mustard, Pak Atom Nov.-Dec. 2003:7 pp. 540. Zamir, R., G. S. S. Khattak and M. J. Qureshi. 2003. Cluster fruiting-a new mutant form in guava cultivar, Safeda in Pakistan. SAARC Agricultural Information Centre newsletter. 13(1): 9-10. (Bangladesh). 541. Shah, S. A., 2004. NIFA Scientists develop high yielding mustard canola variety, The Daily Statesman, Jan. 31, 2004

BIOTECHNOLOGY AND GENETIC ENGINEERING Papers In Journals

548. Asad, S., et al., (2003). Transgenic tobacco expressing geminiviral RNAs are resistant to the serious viral pathogen causing cotton leaf curl disease. Archives of Virology 148:2341-2352". 549. Briddon, R. W., et al., (2003). Diversity of DNA 1: a satellite-like molecule associated with monopartite begomovirus/DNA complexes. Virology 324:462-474". 550. Gull, M., et al., 2004. Phosphateuptake and growth promotion of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) by co-inoculation of mineral phosphate solubilizing bacteria and a mixed rhizobial culture. Aust. J, Exp. Agri. 44(6): 623-628 551. H a f e e z , F.Y., et al., 2 0 0 3 , BioPower commercial biofertilizer for sustainable agriculture, Grasland and Turf, (Quarterly) Chinese Grassland Society & Co. ISSN 1009-5500, CN 621156/S, No. 2 (Sum No. 101) pp. 10-13 (English & Chinese), 552. H a m e e d S. et a l . , 2 0 0 4 . Rhizobiurn, S r a d y r h i z o b i u m and Agrobacterium strains isolated from cultivated legumes. Biol, Fertil. Soil. 39(3): 179-185. 553. H a n i f , A . , e.t a l . , ( 2 0 0 4 ) . Production, repression and derepression of , / 3 - c e l l o b i o s i d a s e s y n t h e s i s in Aspergillus niger.Biores. Technol. 94:311-319 554. Hussain M., et al., (2003). First report of cotton leaf curl disease affecting chili peppers. Plant Pathology 52:809. 555. Iqbal, Z., et al., (2003). Kinetics of enhanced thermostability of extracellular glucoamylase from Arachniotus sp. Biotechnol. Lett.25:1667-1670. 556. Mansoor, S., et al., (2003). The breakdown of resistance in cotton to cotton leaf curl disease in Pakistan. Plant Pathology 52:784. 557. Mansoor, S., et al., (2003). Cotton leaf curl disease is associated with multiple monopartite begomoviruses supported by single DNA . Archives of Virology 148:1969-1986. 558. Naeem, F., et al., 2004. Competitiveness of introduced/Rhizobium strains for nodulation in fodder legumes in P a k i s t a n . Pakistan J. of Botany, 36(1):159-166.

559. Nisar, H., et al., (2003) "Toxicity testing of cyhalothrin in Fish". Indus Journal of Plant Science, 2(2). 560. Parvez, S., et al., (2004). Biolistic transformation of structural genes for glucosidase from Cellulomonas biazotea into Saccharomyces cerevisiae. African J. Biotechnol. 3:112-115. 561. Parvez, S., et al., 2004. Biolistic t r a n s f o r m a t i o n of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with j-glucosidase gene from Cellulomonas biazotea. Afr. J. Biotechnol., 3(1): 112-115. 562. Rabia, (2003) "Toxicity testing of Chlorpyrifos in Fish". Indus Journal of Plant Science, 2(2): 158-161, April 2003 563. Rad, M. E., et al., 2004. A novel vector for e x p r e s s i o n / s e c r e t i o n of properly folded eukaryotic proteins: a comparative study on cytoplasmic and p e r i p l a s m i c e x p r e s s i o n of h u m a n epidermal growth factor in E.coli. Ir. Biomed. J. 8(2): 51-61. 564. Rajoka, M.l.,et al., (2003). Kinetics of 7 3 - g l u c o s i d a s e p r o d u c t i o n by Saccharomyces cerevisiae recombinants harboring heterologous bgl genes. Biotechnol Lett. 25:945-948. 565. Rajoka, M. I. Khan, S Shahid, R. (2003). Kinetics and regulation of the production of ^-galactosidase from Kluyveromyces mamianus grown on different substrates. Food Technol. Biotechnol. 41:315-320. 566. Rajoka, M.I., et al., (2003) Kinetic and thermodynamic studies of native and mutated extracellular endoglucanases produced by Cellulomonas biazotea Protein and Peptide Letters 10:561-568. 567. Rajoka, M.I., et al., (2004). Carbon and nitrogen sources and fermentation temperature regulation of a thermostable , / 5 - g l u c o s i d a s e p r o d u c t i o n by an indigenous culture of Kluyveromyces marxianus. Appt. Biochem. Biotechnol 117:75-92 568. Rajoka, M.I., et al., (2004). Production of single cell protein by rice polishing by Candida utilis World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol20,297-301. 569. Rajoka, M.l.,et al., (2004). Kinetics of i m p r o v e d p r o d u c t i v i t y and thermostability of a mutant-derived i n t r a c e l l u l a r ,/3-glucosidase f r o m Cellulomonas biazotea Biotechnol. Lett. 26:281-285 570. Rajoka, M.I., Yasmin, A., Latif, F. (2004). Production of ethanol from raw m a i z e starch using g l u c o a m y l a s e produced by a mutant of Aspergillus niger. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 39:13-18

Reports
542. Ashraf, M. 2003. Use of exopolysaccharides producing rhizospheric bacteria for crop improvement on salt affected soils. IFS/COMSTECH Res. Project Report for 2000-2003. 543. Shah, S. A., et al., 2003. Improvement of rapeseed and mustard by induced mutations and in vitro techniques. IAEA TECDOC-1369:133-142. 544. Khan, A.J., et al., (2004). Bread wheat improvement for drought tolerance and high yield potential. PSF tech. report. I (1): 1-17. 545. Zamir R., et al., Improvement of Guava (Psidium guajava L.) through Induced Mutations and In Vitro Culture. Report Of the Second Research Coordination Meeting of FAO/IAEA Coordinated Research Project, held in Vienna, Austria, 2-6 September 2002. IAEA-312.D2/RC.823-2 Pp: 95-98. 546. Zamir R., et al., 2003. Radio sensitivity of guava (Psidium guajava L.) cultivars safeda seeds and bud wood. Report of the Second Research Coordination Meeting of FAO/iAEA Coordinated Research Project, held in Vienna, Austria, 2-6 September 2002. IAEA-312.D2/RC.823-2 Pp: 99-104, 547. Khattak, S.U.K; et al., 2004. Integrated management of fruit flies in Pakistan (NIFA Component-Ill) Annual Progress Report 2003-2004, pp 5.

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571. Yasmin, S., et ai., 2004. Isolation, characterization and beneficial effects rice associated PGPRs from Zanzibar soils. J. Basic Microbiology.44:241-252. 572. Zafar, Y., et al (2003). Genome characterization of whitefly-transmitted geminiviruses of cotton and development of virus-resistant plants through genetic engineering and conventional breeding. ICAC Recorder.

P r e s e n t e d at N a t i o n a l E x e c u t i v e symposium on "Technologies developed for commercialization - Challenges and opportunities" September21-22,2003. At Pearl Continental Hotel, Peshawar. 582. Hussain, M., et al., (2003). RNAi based resistance by targeting DNA A and DNA B of begomoviruses. Final meeting of CFC/ICAC 07 project, ICBA, Dubai 2830 September2003. 583. Khan Q M and Haq, M.A. (2003), DNA Damage induced by Cyhalothrin in Fresh Water Fish, 7th PSBMB international conference, Lahore 584. Khan, M. S. (2004). Chloroplast molecular biology: from basic to modern horizons. Khalid, A.M., Khan, M.S., Shinwari, Z.K., Malik, K.A. and Nasim, A. eds. Advanced Techniques in Biotechnology: A manual of an international NIBGE-COMSTECH (CPC) workshop, pp. 9-18, Shangrila Printers, Fsd. Pakistan. 585. Mansoor, S., et al., (2004). Use of RNA interference for silencing of two begomovirus genes. 4th International Geminivirus Symposium / 2nd International ssDNA Virus Workshop: Cape Town, South Africa February 15-20,2004. 586. Mansoor, S. et al., (2003). A molecular insight into evolution and spread of cotton leaf curl disease complex. Final meeting of CFC/ICAC 07 project held in ICBA, Dubai 28-30 September2003. 587. Mansoor, S., et al., (2003) Understanding the role of DNA b in cotton leaf curl disease. Final meeting of CFC/ICAC 07 project held in ICBA, Dubai 28-30 September2003. 588. Mansoor, S., et al., (2003). Silencing of DNA b through RNA interference. Final meeting of CFC/ICAC 07 project ICBA, Dubai 28-30 September 2003. 589. N a d e e m , R., et al., (2004) "Removal of Cadmium from aqueous s o l u t i o n w i t h the help of L a b e o rohitascales". 4th international & 14th national chemistry conference, May 1618,2004, Lahore, Pakistan. 590. Saeed, N.A., et al., (2003). Establishment of in vitro system for cotton regeneration and transformation. Final Workshop of CFC/ICAC project on cotton geminiviruses. September 28-30, ICBA, Dubai. 591. S a r w a r , G., et al., ( 2 0 0 3 ) . Mechanism of resistance and diversity in sources of natural resistance against cotton leaf curl disease. Final meeting of CFC/ICAC 07 project held in ICBA, Dubai 28-30 September2003.

592. Shafiq, M. I., et al., (2003). Establishment of regeneration system for potato (Solanum tuberosum L c.v. Desiree). PP.94. 7th Biennial Conference of Trends in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. April 2-5, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Punjab University, Lahore. 593. Shaheen A., Khan, Q.M. and Faiz, M. (2003) Detection of irradiation treatment of meet samples using comet assay; International Animal Nutrition Conference, Lahore 594. Siddique, M., et al., (2003). Nterminal and C-terminai domains of truncated replicase gene of cotton leaf curl virus elicit resistance against the virus in transgenic tobacco plants. Final Workshop of CFC/ICAC project on cotton geminiviruses. September 28-30, ICBA, Dubai. 595. Zahoor, M. A , et al., (2004). "Molecular Detection of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus By Polymerase Chain Reaction In Pakistan" International Poultry Scientific Forum, January 28-30, 2004 Georgia World Congress Center, Atlanta, Georgia. 596. Zahoor, M. A., et al., (2004). "Molecular Characterization of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus In Pakistan" ibid. 597. Rad, M.E., et al., (2003). A comparative study of cytoplasmic and p e r i p l a s m i c e x p r e s s i o n of h u m a n epidermal growth factor in E.coli: study of b i o a c t i v i t y , f o l d i n g a n d y i e l d of recombinant proteins in both of the systems. 15th European Congress of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Italy pp: 1071-1078

Conference Presentations
573. A f z a l , M . , et a i . , (2003) "Application of Biotechnology for the T r e a t m e n t of I n d u s t r i a l e f f l u e n t s " September, 21-21, 2003. At Pearl Continental Hotel, Peshawar. 574. Anjuman, A., et al., (2004). Arabidopsis Vacuolar Pyrophosphatase (AVP1) induces Drought and Salt tolerance in Nicotiana tabacum plants, Gordon Research Conference on Water and Salt stress in Plants held at Hong Kong, China. June 13-18,2004. 575. Arif, M., (2003). Effectiveness of bacterial blight resistance gene Xa-4 in Pakistan. 4th National Conference of Plant Pathology. October 14-16, University of Arid Agriculture, Rawalpidi. 576. Asad, S., et al., (2003). Isolation and characterization of potato leaf roll virus (PLRV) coat protein gene from Pakistan. 4th National Conference of Plant Pathology. October 14-16, University of Arid Agriculture, Rawalpindi. 577. Asad S., et al., (2003) Genetic Engineering of Tobacco/Cotton for Cotton Leaf Curl Disease (CLCuD) Resistance. Final Workshop of CFC/ICAC project on cotton geminiviruses. September 28-30, ICBA, Dubai. 578. Farooq, U., Haq, M.A. and Khan, Q.M. (2004). "RT-PCR based diagnosis of rinderpest virus in Pakistan". 2nd international Symposium on Biotechnology, Jan 19-21, 2004. University of Sindh Jamshoro, Pakistan 579. Farooq, U., Khan, Q.M. and Haq, M.A. (2004). "Molecular based diagnostic of rinderpest virus by using Trizol". 2nd international Symposium on Biotechnology, Jan 19-21, 2004. University of Sindh Jamshoro, Pakistan 580. Hafeez, F.Y. 2004, Biofertilizer Technology, International Workshop on Advanced Techniques in Biotechnology, 5 - 1 7 J a n u a r y , 2 0 0 4 at N I B G E / COMSTECH, Faisalabad. (Manual: pp. 38-46). 581. Haq M. A., et al., (2003) "RT-PCR based Diagnosis of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (IBDV) in Pakistan".

Newsletter
598. Mansoor, S. (2003). A resistance breaking strain of CLCuV appears in Pakistan. IWSNNewsletter. Issue No, 17.

Reports
599. Hussain, M.,et al., (2004). First report of Mungbean yellow mosaic India virus on mungbean crop in Pakistan. New Disease Reports. 600. Hussain, M.,et al., 2004. First report of tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus affecting chili pepper in Pakistan. New Disease Reports. 601. Khan QM (2004) Final Technical Report on "Use of molecular and cellular techniques to monitor DNA damage and repair in human cell lines exposed to DNA damaging agents. (Postdoctoral research at Dept Oncology, UCL, London).

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602. K h a n QM ( 2 0 0 3 ) T e c h n i c a l Report-1 on "Use of molecular and cellular techniques to monitor DNA damage and repair in human cell lines exposed to DNA damaging agents" Submitted to HEC, Pakistan, PAEC and Dept Oncology UCL UK. 603. Khan Q M (2003) Final Technical Report on biosorption based removal of heavy metals from Industrial effluents, PAK-KAZAKH-Project (984-1) submitted to MoST, Pakistan. 604. Khan Q M (2003) T C - I A E A (PAK/5/041.) Technical Report on Setting up of PCR and immunoassay based methods for diagnosis and control of rinderpest in Pakistan submitted to IAEA Vianna, Austria.

Conference Presentations
611. Akhtar Ahmed "SPECT tumour volume (STV) in the assessment of t u m o u r response in patients with carcinoid Tumours" 2nd International PAEC Nuclear medicine conference (April 2004, Lahore) 612. Muhammad Ali, "Effects of Cancer Chemotherapy on Harmones" ibid. 613. Ajmal, "Evaluation of p-Fast for Evaluation of left ventricle volumes and ejection fraction". A comparison with ERNA and QGS. J Cardiovascular dis: 2(1); 11-14. (JAN. 2004) 614. Abid Hameed and Umardaraz, "Delay in diagnosis of Breast Masses". 2nd International Oncology Conference/ 2nd PSNM meeting at INMOL, Lahore, dated: 8-10 April, 2004. 615. Basit Iqbal and Abid Hameed, "Myocardial Perfusion Scintigraphy in Patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus Presenting with Non-specific Cardiac Symptoms". Ibid. 616. Rafia Toor and Abid Hameed, "How much is enough in Near Total Thyroidectomy in case of Well Differentiated Carcinoma Thyroid for Effective Management with High Dose of Iodine 131". Ibid. 617. Abbas H.G. and Saeeda Asghar. "Quality Control of Radioiodinated Fatty Acids Using Modern Radioanalytical Techniques". International Conference on Current Trends in Radiopharmaceuticals, Islamabad, 21 st to 23rd October, 2003. 618. S h a h i n a P a r v e e n , " R e c e n t Advances in Brest Cancer Management", symposium on "Recent advance in the Management of Carcinoma Breast" arranged by department of general surgery, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad. 619. S o h a i l M u r a d , " R o l e of S a n d o s t a t i n in D i a r h e a " . D u b a i , symposium on "Recent Advances in Oncology" from 29-30 August, 2003. 620. M u h a m m a d S a j i d , " T h y r o i d hormones economy of normal person and patients with thyroid disease", international conference on current

trends on pharmaceuticals October, 2123 Islamabad. 621. Khan Muhammad Sajid, "Serum PSA level in fertilizer factory workers" 1 st oncology conference 622. Israr Ahmad, "In vivo labeling of RBC with technetium-98"" ibid.

SCIENTIFIC AND ENGINEERING SERVICES

623. M. A. Khan and M. Afzal, Analysis ofthe Mechanics of Fracture of Flanges in the Turbine Cross-Over Piping. 624. M . A f z a l , e t a l . , NCNDT Experience of Fracture Mechanics Based Condition Assessment of Pressurized Components. 625. Tahir Nazir, et al., Third Party, Non-Destructive Testing Activities buring In-Service Inspection at a Power Plnt. 626. RiffatA. Pasha and M. A. Khan, et al., An Acoustic Emission Investigation of Microfracture Processes in Nuclear Pressure Vessel Steel. 627. M. A. Khattak, et al., An Acoustic Emission Monitoring for Prevention of Failure in RCC Structures. 628. M. Afzal, et al., Standardization of Portable Non-Destructive X-ray Fluorescence Alloy Analyzer for InService Inspection. 629. M.A. Khan, et al., A New Fracture Mechanics Method for Evaluation of Radiation Damage in Reactor Pressure Vessel for Remaining Life Assessment. 630. M. A. Khan, M. Afzal and M. A. Khattak, Failure Analysis of Valve Stem of Emergency Diesel Generator. 631. M. Sabir Chaudhary and Sultan Sikander, NCNDT Experience in Eddy Current Testing Technique for the Evaluation of Structural Integrity of Chemical and Power Plants. 632. M. Sabir Chaudhary and Sultan Sikander, Tube Plugging Criteria for Heat Exchangers, Boilers and Condensers, etc.

NUCLEAR MEDICINE Papers In Journals

605. Akhtar Ahmed, "Prediction of Clinical Outcome in Treated Neuroendocrine Tumours of Carcinoid type using functional volumes on 111 in Pentetreoide SPECT Imaging". Communication Volume 25 (3), March 2004, pp 253-257. 606. K .M. Sajid, "Review of practical Aspects of magnetizable solid state separation t e c h n i q u e s in i m m u n o assays", The NUCLEUS, 39 (3-4) 2002, PP201-226 (March 2004). 607. M.I. Babar, et al, "Pandered Syndrome", JCPSP 2003,13 (8), PP 463464 (January 2004). 608. Sajid, "Review of practical Aspects of magnetizable solid state separation techniques in immunoassays", The NUCLEUS, 39 (3-4) 2002, PP201-226 (March 2004). 609. M.I. Babar, et al, "Pandered Syndrome", JCPSP 2003,13 (8), PP 463464 (January 2004). 610. Khan Muhammad Sajid, "Prostatic Specific Antigen levels in fertilizer factory workers" JCPSP May 2004, 14(5); pp. 290-293.

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Annual Report

2003-2004