Академический Документы
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John DiGiovanni
Agenda
Wi-Fi Market Background and Dynamics
Standards Overview
IEEE 802.11
RF frequency band: 900MHz and 2.4GHz Non-overlapping channels: 3 Ratified in 1997 Data Rates: 1 and 2Mbps RF frequency band: 2.4GHz Non-overlapping channels: 3 Ratified in 1999 Data Rates: 1, 2, 5.5, 11Mbps RF frequency band: 2.4GHz Non-overlapping channels: 3 Ratified in 2001 Data Rates: 1, 2, 5.5, 11, 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, 54Mbps RF frequency band: 5GHz Non-overlapping channels: 23 Ratified in 1999 Data Rates: 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, 54Mbps
802.11b
Lessons in Networking
Ethernet Evolution Wi-Fi Evolution
Wi-Fi Hits Critical Inflection Point Current architectures cant support the demand Transition from coverage to capacity needed
Connection Growth
L2 Switching
802.11b/a 802.11g
802.11
WLAN Array
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
Connectivity
Capacity
Connectivity
Capacity
.11b .11b/g
10.17 29.43
8.39 34.33
7.40 25.47
7.04 11.91
7.22 7.46
6.52 4.89
3.04 3.81
.11a/b/g
.11a/b/g/n Total % w/ 802.11a
16.89
0.00 56.49 30%
33.57
0.00 76.30 44%
52.50
5.93 91.30 58%
66.90
17.69 103.53 65%
71.94
33.65 120.26 60%
68.90
55.52 135.83 51%
63.78
81.48 152.11 42%
Handset Proliferation
Motorola CN620 (a/b/g) Motorola SRP-81 (b/g) UT Starcom F1000 (b) NEC N900iL (b)
Ch# 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Ch# 1
11
23 non-overlapping channels are now available for 802.11a Only 3 non-overlapping channels for 802.11b/g remain
802.11g Capacity
3 channels * 54Mbps = 162Mbps of RF capacity
802.11b Capacity
3 channels * 11Mbps = 33Mbps of RF capacity
3 channels
6 11 1
Inter-cell Interference from Cells on the Same Channel will be Low Allows for Full Wireless Capacity for Every Cell
Issues
Access Points dont control clients range Other Access Points will hear clients
Multi-path
Same signals arriving at different times Forces packet retransmissions More clients and Access Points increases the issue
SYSTEM
RPS
1x 2x 3x 4x 5x 6x 7x 8x 9x 10x 11x 12x A Bx
Other Considerations
What about Voice and Security?
Quality of Service
Shared medium and limited available bandwidth QoS Standards Compliance and Certifications 802.11e / WMM now available for voice Mapping QoS priorities through the wired network
Location
Voice requires universal coverage and bandwidth to support it E911 and location-specific authentication come into play
Security Issues
Different Client Types in the Campus Environment
Not standardized difficult to enforce Technical solutions are available Authentication 802.1x Encryption 802.11i
Recommendation
If possible, enforce 802.1x and WPA2 or 802.11i VPN is a good alternative but lots of overhead Web Page Redirect For UN/PW Over SSL
Summary
Those who do not learn from history are doomed to repeat it. Coverage is so 90s its all about capacity. Get thee to 5GHz. Voice is coming be prepared. Simultaneous Channel Use Per Cell Maximizes Capacity. Technical White Papers on Capacity and Wi-Fi Sectorization Exist
Thank You
John DiGiovanni