Gii16

AM
D . . .

Society of Petroleum Engineers

SPE 37020 A Depletion Planning Model for the Development and Management Gas Fields
Bambang lsmanto, SPE, and Ben Weimer,
SPE,VICO Indonesia

of Multilayered

Copyr(ght This paper

19S6 was

Soc,ety

of Petroleum for

Eng(neers

Inc 1996 SPE Asia Pac#f!c 011 and Gas

Mutiara provide

and Semberah

which

are located (Figure

in the Mahakam I). These fields 1.5 Bscf/D Plants. The with the and and are channels drilled

prepared

presen!allon 28-31

at the
199S

delta of East Kalimantan, to the Bontang majority mouth completed completions. shown LNG

Indonesia

Conference Th$s paper tnformatmn presented correctmn posmon SPE

Adelaide was have

Auslral!a,

October

an average daily supply of approximately plant and Kaltim Fertilizer

selected not been

for presentation re.(ewed The

by an SPE

Program

Commlftee C.mtenb Engineers not

Iollowlng

rewew

of as 10 any af of

corwamed by the are

(n an abstracf

submited

by the

author(s) does

at the pap-a and are subpct reflect presented SocetV

by the Soctety material Engineers revmw

of Petroleum

author(s) subjecf

as presented I!S off!cers

necessarlfy Papers of Ihe

four fields consist of more than 2,000 occurring bars. in these Typical in the form 467 fields Currently, wells and

gas reservoirs have dual been selective

of the Society

of Pe!roleum PermWon may not

or members Committees

of distributary

meetings

10 pubhcal!on

by Edkforlal

Petroleum Engineers words Illuslmt(ons acknowledgment Em 633636

to coPy IS reslncfed to an abstract be copied The abstracl Should Ihe paper U S A was presented Wile fax 01-214-952.9435

of not more than 300 conta!n consp,cuo.s L(brarmn SPE P O

of where

and by whcm TX 75083-3836

as dual,

or single

Richardson

reservoir

wet I completions

in Figure 2.
of reservoirs and wells with Depletion to assist This paper completions, a specific computerized of these fields. and explains of the Nilam

Abstract
VICOS major gas fields

Because of the large number

in East Kalimantan,
gas reservoirs are

Indonesia ranging in in a vary a

multiple

contain in excess of 2,000 individual depth from 4,000 feet to 15,000 by almost geologically drastically Because Depletion developed, deliverability. compression commitments. program organizes principles utilizes inflow The field linked and 500 wells These complex

Planning (DEPLAN) in the managing in the optimization describes the DEPLAN

program

was designed by VICO

feet that have been penetrated reservoirs located and, therefore,

the development program of development

its application field.

deltaic environment

in size, permeability, Planning and current DEPLAN analyzes (DEPLAN)

and compositional of wells program by VICO wellbore to necessary was

make-up.

of the large number implemented

and reservoirs,

Description
tool designed,

of Depletion
DEPLAN developed,

Planning
program and

Model
is a field management by VICO to

designed, and sales

The computerized assemble, organize engineering The program gas reservoirs projections DEPLAN geological,

to assist managing optimization, meet gas

implemented field

and future

and analyze volumetric generates

data using standard petroleum depletion well planning. for depletion individual linked methodology equations, engineering, of data such well Formatted (demand),

requirements to VICOS

principles utilizes and

to optimize

is a computerized PARM3 data using

field management It assembles, engineering The program by of combining simulation are input

database, standard planning,

deliverability

by combining and operations

inflow and outflow (PARM)

to optimize

field depletion well

is automatically

to VICOS data.

volumetric and gas outflow

depletion

methodology deliverability The

for gas reservoirs

database for extraction

and generates

individual

numerous tables of current and historical entry screens are provided as schedules for gas producing priority, rate

equations.

results

for input of necessary criteria requirement prognosis capacities. in addition as well

models can be entered into DEPLAN requirement schedule predictions parameters, programs. with the model output Since its inception of complex

as necessary. and reserves

and well

as parameters for completion, output work with

essentially represented by
and generation DEPLAN of work has proven and

for tilming of certain actions, range limitations and compressor and production over or facilities predictions time. options are essentially programs facilitates presentations DEPLANs of various

gas deliverability

The program to required

in 1990,

of field gas deliverability operational producing flexibility

to be a valuable development

tool to assist in reservoir multilayered

management

gas fields.

the evaluation

scenarios

Introduction
VICO Indonesia, as a Production Sharing Contractor to PERTAMINA, operates four major gas fields; Badak, Nilam,

respect to time.

DEPLAN

Special

Features.

Some of the special features of

523

BAMBANG ISMANTO AND BEN WEIMER

SPE 37020

the DEPLAN
q

model are that it can: of existing dead and future wells and zones
q

demand. Manage additional

q

Predict

gas production recomplete

reserve depletion drainage.

by identifying

reservoirs

requiring

forecast condensate rates based on predicted gas rates.

q

Automatically

wells

into

suitable

Screen wells with tubing restrictions Identify satellite manifold

and assist in tubing size

based on specified criteria. . When recompleting, distance consider over specified minimum net pays, zones, and input (kb)
q q

selection for existing and future completions. requirements. wide studies, which to commingle Assist in major field and company

maximulm minimum

rates restrictions. zones when necessary to meet minimum thickness

q Commingle
rates.

DEPLAN Basic

Mechanics The
program by combining The model generates inflow individual and outflow industry

qAllocate

production

based on permeability for maximum

Equations.

and pressures.

q Optimize
minimum
q

completion gas rates and such between layers. technology in future recompletion

deliverabilities

zones to be completed cross-flow

equations. The equations are described below:

Deliverabili~

Equation,

uses the

Select tubing sizes and specific completion as singles, duals and dual selective and drilled This feature completions Limit flow can be applied and zones. rates to tubing gas deliverability systems (high erosional and

standard back pressure equation to predict gas rates: Q = C(P,2 - PW;) where:

wells based on casing size and zone availability. global Iy or for specific velocity production (HP, 950 wells,

Q
and specified to psi), different medium P, P Wf

Gas rate Current reservoir pressure Bottom hole flowing pressure Back pressure coefficient Back pressure exponent Values for back pressure coefficients and exponents four methods (C

maximum
q

sandface pressure drawdown. pressure

Distribute pressure

c
n

pressure (MP, . Allow

325 psi), low pressure (LP, and forcing such

100 psi) and very production recompleted, etc.

low pressure (VLP, overrides then priority maximum terminates specifying specifying
q

25 psi)) and specific surface networks. as: when can be specified zones

and n) are determined are prioritized 1

-)
A,

by the following

which

to select the most accurate method first: test analysis. from pressure C and n values The kh value using kh vs. C and kh vs. n is obtained

for certain production is below

of zones or wells,

Actual C and n obtained from deliverability Calculating correlations.

sandface pressure drawdowns, earlier than scheduled. reservoirs, programs. are accept [he results

When For

field water

production influx

gas sales requirements, of other 3,

make recompletion
q

transient test analysis. Back calculating reservoir calculated knowing equation. 4, For zones that have values are determined Netpay correlations, not been completed, from kh (h) vs. C thickness the C and n and kh vs. n log from C value using production using Cullender test rate, known The n PWf is By pressure and the back pressure equation, kh vs. n correlation. and Smith using the

numerical Oil but the life period is recompletion

simulation of oil input

completion

productions zones into

not predicted
to allow

by DEPLAN, for future gas

value is pre-determined

is calculated

and this production

method.

DEPLAN

the gas rate, reservoir pressure, n and P,,(data, the by solving the back pressure

in that well.

C value can be determined

DEPLAN
q

Tasks. Various DEPLAN

the following work the required

runs can be compared tasks: to prudently reservoirs.

to

each other to perform Forecast the field in a timely

is derived The

schedules

deplete

analysis and permeability porosity to permeability and exponents coefficients

(k) is estimated from log derived correlations. back pressure (C and n) are then determined The Cu Ilender & Smith

fashion for various scenarios ofi

- Reserve size for the field or individual - Gas demand schedules. Production
q

from kh to C and kh to n relationships.

decline rates. new wells in suitable zones based on availability and the most prognosis. wellbore of these wells. as well as tilming and volume benefit from incremental gas sales

Outflow (Tubing Performance).

method liquid tubing is used to calculate loading and critical

Complete Predict Optimize Identify Determine

the predicted existing

pressure losses in the tubing. The rate for each pressure system and from empirical DEPLAN data calculated

the geological
q

size are determined

appropriate
q

utilization

using Nodal Analysis.

current compression wells each which fields could

Material Balance Equation.

P,= P, *(Z/Z, )*( I -Gp/lGIP)) where:

uses the material

of future requirements.
q

balance equation to predict reservoir pressure.

compression.
q

optimum

share of total

524

SPE 37020

A DEPLETION PLANNING MODEL FOR THE DEVELOPMENT

AND MANAGEMENT OF MULTILAYERED

GAS FIELDS

P, P,

Current

reservoir

pressure pressure factor factor consists DEPLAN equation 4,

and monobore), the wells. Compression

sequence of drilling

and location

of

Initial reservoir

z z,
Gp IGIP This DEPLAN initial PARM the

Current gas compressibility Initial gas compressibility Cumulative gas production Initial gas in place is the mathematical initial

- volume,

pressure and priority The retrieved petrophysical, linked

order of database into reservoir,

wells being compressed.

b. PARM database linked inputs.

of various including pressure, types well of input geological, studies

directly

for

a P/Z

plot.

production, from DEPLAN

test and completion

data. Results into

retrieves

gas in place, reservoir from the on the constructs

pressure and Locating allows the

reservoir

simulation

can also be entered

Z-factor cumulative

for every reservoir

gas production

reserve table in
plot

and mathematically of reservoir

a P/Z plot.

determination

pressure at that point in time.

DEPLAN Process.
pressure

Deliverability
systems by

and
combining wellbore

Production
inflow sketch 4. material

Calculation
for all outflow illustrates reservoir (P/Z) and

Gas rates for each completion A simplified is shown estimated Flowing value falls

are calculated which

Other
are

Equations.
calculated

Pseudo-critical using Standings

pressure and temperature correlation. The gas the is data. using the Dranchuck, reproduces yield

calculations, pressure equations. pressure is

this calculation

in Figure the

Predicted

compressibi Iity Standing-Katz calculated Condensate

factors Z-factor on

are calculated method charts. the for

from

balance

Purvis and Robinson based

that effectively

bottom pressure outside

hole pressure are calculated. of a specified

is then estimated [f the surface range of actual bottom

The condensate production

condensate completions

and rate and surface

historical future data.

production

is based on

surface pressure, the program hole pressure and recalculates. satisfactory pressure and reservoir tubing flow generated. Gas well

assumes another flowing

equations derived

from empirical

This iteration continues until a The resultant surface through are then predicted gas rate is

surface pressure is achieved. calculations, and the final

Production
The PARM relational production, integrated important application

and

Reserves
is an and

Monitoring
integrated

(PARM)
database, well up-to-date

System.
built data. data on a This for reservoir, to be an

pressure are then in-balance rates are combined and wells

system

database system, that handles geological, operations computerized tool to software, mechanical necessary database has been proven

produced to the appropriate For deliverability of the completions

pressure system based on specific DEPLAN first accepts all systems capacities, to

criteria, to meet a given gas demand. calculations, that have been forced into certain pressure system and progressing flowing tubing

provide including

DEPLAN.
Predicted gas rates and the accuracy in (n) can be gas rate reserve pressure and actual or

systems, then it begins to fill the remaining starting with the lowest pressured the highest. systems fu II, The completions based first. on the When produced lowest

Calibration
of the model the back differences revisions values. discrepancies

and History Matching.

to ensure realistic coefficient

into the low pressure head system is If a

pressures are compared pressure are can

to actual data to calibrate predictions. (C) and exponent adjustments are history

enter

Adjustments

pressure (FTHP)

the lowest pressured

the program begins to fill the next higher pressure system

are exhausted or all systems are full, can not produce will simply keep producing pressure system can not accommodate all completions into the through be shut-in

made to the deliverability predicted. be made

calculation Pressure if there

if significant significant match

until all completions lower

and the lower pressure completions for that time step. Completions will

between

DEPLAN

next level of pressure, the completion each system, starting in

the highest pressure, until they die in

The summation into one specific volume for the field. each rate in each system factor. surveys, Downtime from physical maintenance, are similar to reduced rates. a higher pressured pressured wi II be reduced is factors are work etc. the of all of the rates pressure system,

Inputs.
il.

DEPLAN

inputs

are categorized

into two

groups

the lowest pressure system. of all completions, For production reduced programs Therefore, deliverability If by specified such the as each results in a deliverability

which are summarized

in Figure 3: rate, minimum minimum rate net pay, minimum run period. commingling, type of for for

Criieria. Input criteria includes the following:

1. General - minimum 2, Recompletion minimum completion and 3. Drilling completion. - type of well and completion (conventional reserves, well downtime, reservoir and DEPLAN

calculations downtime pressure

used to allow for shut-in periods resulting production pressured of volume calculations with downtime system feeds

size to be completed, reserves/deliverability

(single, dual completion

or dual selective) (R/D)

calculations

minimum

a lower

system, the higher pressured system capacity by the amount occupied

by the lower

525

BAMBANG ISMANTO AND BEN WEIMER

SPE 37020

systems. tandem.

Different

pressured

systems

can

be modelled

in

DEPLAN

Application
The following is a

Nilam Field Development Optimization.

Niiam field example using DEPLAN

as a technical

tool to

Recompletion
producing
q q

and

Commingling,

Completions

cease

determine Nilam with Currently,

wellbore

optimization

and production

methodology Indonesia MMscf/D. and are Five with 100

when they: engineer to no longer produce. rate or liquid load up rate. the recompletion drilling in order to as recompletion is less than a reserves. then evaluates are rejected ratio

over a specified period of time. is the second largest gas field gas deliverability of 166 wells have been drilled in VICO 750 in this field current about

Are forced by the DEPLAN

Reach the assigned abandonment The DEPLAN demand. over program Zones

. No longer have remaining potential meet gas for existing

completed

as duals, dual selective

or single completions. units of

wells and additional

compression

units having 325 psi suction pressure (MP) and 2 compression the capacity The DEPLAN with

the capacity of 225 MMscf/D psi suction pressure (LP) have been installed to optimize requirements in Nilam.

candidates if
q

of 90 MMscf/D model was used program

Reserves

deliverability

(IUD)

specified time. . Reserves or net pay are below an assigned minimum.

q

the future production as follows. program was

and development

Predicted economic Rates for

rate limit,

is below future back

an zone

assigned

minimum

or

field

Base Case. Under a specific gas sales assumption, a base

case development performed by optimizing drilling and recompletion. No compression was performed drilling was added and no

these same

completions and

are calculated balance but with new

based

on

the

pressure

material

tubing sim optimization in Figure 7, 87 additional

in this case. As shown

equations calculated steps are constructed production Zones

used for rates of existing completions pressures, individual as described estimated by DEPLAN at that time. for each completion together: before. from (Figure

wells and 99 recompletion To identify would DEPLAN and Nodal From were identified the wells produce with a

values for C and n and reservoir the

Cs and ns are P/Z equation

would be required to meet gas demand with this scenario.

Pressures for subsequent time 5) based on the cumulative

Tubing Size Optimization.

significant unreasonably screening used for initial completed wells, candidates tubing long restrictions period

that

over

of time,

was used for analysis was of all tubing

and long term evaluation rate calculations. 7 completions

of the wel I are selected to be criteria requirements. is reached. for the the minimum and tubing size and

the screening If 2-3/8

commingled
q q q

as optimum

lf they meet the recompletion Until a specified minimum Until a maximum rate for each system

for a tubing change out program. would be accelerated. of the wells 8, the tubing wells will out from was

rate is achieved. pressure is calculated

was replaced with 3- I /2 tubing, the predicted increase and production accelerate zones. As shown drilling wells. ultimately The in Figure change recompletion

gas rates would This will also productive defer

specified distance interval If the rates are below types of completions

to shallower

commingled requirements, recalculated. zones.

interval. Specific

an additional

zone is added and the rates are

out will

of 3 deliverability tubing change

year 2 to year 4, and by 2 drilling the first implemented

can be applied globally

or for specific wells, completions

the base program

be reduced

quarter of 1996 and increased deliverability

by 50 MMscf/D runs increase Adding MMscf/D wells were the 90 of to be and 10, and 18

Outputs.
most

Output

results used

are stored to prepare include

in relational forecasts remaining

database Some to related

as predicted.

tables that can be retrieved frequently deliverability,

various reports.

Compression
performed suction wells pressure

Optimization.
(MP)

Sensitivity to again. of

outputs

after the tubing size optimization compression was reduced in year By increasing to be drilled compression in year An

by adding 325 psi the number of

work programs,

production,

reserves,

and deliverability

with production

by pressure

systems.

A list

deliverability. required of MMscf/D

the deliverability, 3 and 45

of output options is shown in Figure 6. be presented by completion, be transferred using Graphical Progressive most popular reservoir to Microsoft Query cumulative including daily and drilled Excel

The outputs can also Output results can I-2-3 charts by with the reserves, number of are

well or zone. (GQL)

or Lotus

compression drilled by 16.

10 reduced the number drilling,

Language

interfacing. remaining month,

values are also calculated production, averages wells. per

Results.
compression profile Using the

optimum

recompletion in Figure size by

scenario is shown in Figure 9, The deliverability by pressure system model to the future $60 is shown DEPLAN reduced optimize drilling tubing

pressure,

grouped

recompletion

Economic

calculations

not built into DEPLAN, program scenarios. that will

but data is readily the financial

available merits of

from the economic various

compression

requirements

output tables and can be easily linked to a specified show

wells and reduced recompletion saving of approximately

by 5, a significant

financial

million.

526

SPE 37020

A DEPLETION

PLANNING

MODEL

FOR THE DEVELOPMENT

AND MANAGEMENT

OF MULTltAYERED

GAS FIELDS

Conclusions

1. The DEPLAN 7. DEPLAN, linked standard to efficiently

program

is a proven field

and reliable management

tool for program, and

reservoir and well management as a computerized VICOS assembles, engineering planning. flexibility PARM

in multilayered database, It

gas fields.

effectively produces

organizes principles.

and analyzes accuracy,

data using credible to optimize

results, within field depletion

data and engineering

3. DEPLANs

operational

facilitates

the evaluation

of various production, and sensitivities 4, DEPLAN VICO 5 oil 6, is especially

deliverability applicable

and reserves scenarios to VICO fields because

with respect to time. of data associated with the numerous

of the large volume

reservoirs and wells. or gas reservoirs with an results from numerical that
the

To handle water influx reservoirs rim, model can accept reservoir sitnulators. has helped

Use of DEPLAN

identify

opportunities

have resulted in significant

financial

savings for VICO.

Acknowledgment
The

authors thank the management Joint Venture for their permission helpful review and

of VICO

Indonesia

as

well as the Indonesian BPPKA for their

(IJV)

and PERTAMINAthis paper. during We also Haas the paper Long and Mike

to publish

would like to thank Glen Rennie, Gerald preparation.

discussions

References
1
-) -.

VICO lsmanto. VICO

Indonesia:[)cplelion

Planning

(DEPLAN

Manual. Field; 1995,

1991. Internal Production

Documentation. R., Dyer, G., Wcimer. of Tubing E. B.: Nilam Wells, Restricted

D., (;unawan optimization

lnwrnal l{.(;

Documentation. ., Senduk, R.. Iabalujan, System, }1.: paper Production OSEA and 88173

3.

Rcnnic. Rcscrvcs Icbruilry

Monitoring 2-5,

(lARM)

presented at the 19X8( 7th) Offshore

South East Asia Conference,

527

BAMBANG

ISMANTO

AND BEN WEIMER

SPE37020

Sepinggan

Fig. 1-

Location

Map of Mahakam

Delta Area

528

SPE 37020

A DEPLETION

PIANNING

MODEL

FOR THE DEVELOPMENT

AND MANAGEMENT

OF MULTILAYERED

GAS FIELDS

Well A ,...,..,., ,

Well B
T.bm: b.ntcr

Well C (Future well)

Fig. 2- Typical

Reservoirs

and Completions

BAMBANG

ISMANTO

AND BEN WEIMER

SPE 37020

n
v
) PARM Database

User

- Data Preparation - Data Check - Run Criteria

Reserves Data*

Model Calibration I

Basic and Time Step Criteria

EEl
Production, Well Test and Pressure Data* Drilling and Recompletion Criteria Completion Data Criteria

output:

C&q EEl
-IzIEEE3
Fig. 3- DEPLAN Flow Process Diagram

* Linked

to PARM Database

530

SPE 37020

A DEPLETION

PLANNING

MODEL

FOR THE DEVELOPMENT

AND MANAGEMENT

OF MULTILAYERED

GAS FIELDS

Production ~ D

Systems
QHP

wh

~
m

QMP QLP QVLP

GAS

RESERVOIR

Fig. 4- Simplified

DEPLAN

Wellbore

Schematic

4
PJZ

(ip

INITIA [. (;IP

Cumulative

Production

Fig. 5- P/Z vs. Cumulative

Production

531

10

BAMBANG

ISMANTO

AND BEN WEIMER

SPE 37020

Output

Description

output Option

Basic criteria Field deliverability, demand and work program vs. time Field deliverability by pressure system vs. time Field production vs. time Deliverability by wells and completion Production by wells and completions Remaining reserves vs time Production by reservoirs Reservesldeliverability (R/D) versus time Reservoir pressure versus time Cumulative production/initial recoverable reserves(lRR) versus time Summary of well condition by well, completion Summary of well condition by reservoirs Producing wells in the reservoir Wells waiting on compression Wells drilled and recompleted versus time Well system pressure vs. time Summary of initial rate and cumulative production of drilling and recompletion Summary of data check results

Table Chart/Table Chart/Table Charitable Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table

Fig. 6- List of DEPLAN

Outputs

Total Crilling :

Ill
ti
10 II llms

(w)
+Ati !Jv WChd

Mm o

Wmlko.m Deliverability

Fig. 7- Forecasted

and Work

Program

(Base Case)

532

SPE 37020

A DEPLETION

PLANNING

MODEL

FOR THE DEVELOPMENT

AND MANAGEMENT

OF MULTILAYERED

GAS FIELDS

11

Total Total

Orlllhw:

85
97

Recompletion

Ill

II

J_b
!2 ,1

14

,5

1(>

17

lx

IY

?11

Fig. 8- Forecasted

Deliverability

and Work Program

after Tubing

Size Optimization

Tots! orming : %
D Total RacomPletiorIs

69
: M

Fia.

9- Forecasted

Deliverability

and Work Program

after Tubing

Size , Drilling

and Compression

O~timization (Optimum Case)

533

12

BAMBANG

ISMANTO

AND BEN WEIMER

SPE 37020

14

12

02

00

Fig. -10: Forecasted deliverability by pressure system for optimum case. The deliverability is grouped into high (HP, 950 psi), medium (MP, 325 psi), low (LP, 100 psi) and very low (VLP, 25 psi) pressure systems.

534