16 Tenses In English 1. PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE 1.

1 THE USE OF PRESENT CONTINOUS TENSE We use The Present Continuous Tense a. when we talk about something which is happening at the time of speaking. Example : Please dont make so much noise. Im studying. b. when we talk about something which is happening around the time of speaking, but not necessarily exactly at the time of speaking. Example : Bella is learning English at the moment. c. when we talk about a period around the present. Example :Youre working hard today. Yes, I have a lot of to do d. when we talk about the changing situation. Example : The population without jobs is increasing very fast. 1.2. THE ADVERBS OF TIME USED The adverbs of time used in Present Continous tense are NOW, RIGHT NOW, TOMORROW,ETC 1.3. THE PATTERN OF PRESENT CONTINOUS TENSE 1.3.a. Positive Pattern : S + am/is/are + Verb-ing 1.3.b. The Negative Pattern : S + am/is/are + Not + Verb-ing 1.3.c. The Interrogative Pattern : Am/Is/Are + S + Verb-ing 1.3.d. Qusetion-word Pattern : QW + Am/Is/Are + S + Verb-ing 2. PAST TENSE 2.1. The Use of Simple Past Tense We use the past simple to talk about actions or situations in the past. 2.2. The Adverbs of time used The adverbs of time used in this tense are Yesterday, last.., a week ago, this morning, last night, yesterday morning, yesterweek, yestermonth, yesteryear, etc. 2.3. The Patterns of Simple Past Tense 2.3.1. The Positive Pattern : Subject + Verb 2 + Object + . John saw a crocodile in the river yesterday. 2.3.2. The Negative Pattern : S + didnt + Verb 1 + . . . . John didnt see a crocodile in the river yesterday. 2.3.3. The Interrogative Pattern : Did + S + Verb 1 Did John see a crocodile in the river yesterday ? 2.3.4. The Question-word Pattern : QW + did + S + Verb 1+ . . . What did John see in the river yesterday? : QW + Verb 2 + . . .? S + did Who saw a crocodile in the river yesterday? Communicative English Course
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16 Tenses In English 3. PRESENT FUTURE TENSE - We often use will in this situation: a) Offering to do something: That bag looks heavy. Ill help with it. b) Agreeing and refusing to do something: Ive asked john to help me but he wont c) Promising to do something: I will come to your house tonight. I promise. d) Asking someone to do something: Will you close the window,please! A. The positive pattern of Present Future tense is as follows: S + will/shall + Verb 1 + . . . Example: John will run a restaurant in Jakarta Next month. B. The negative pattern of Present Future tense is as follows: S + wont/shant + Verb 1 + . . . Example: John wont run a restaurant in Jakarta Next month. C. The Interrogative pattern of Present Future tense is as follows Will/Shall + S + Verb 1 + . . .? Example: Will John run a restaurant in Jakarta Next month? Yes, He will D. The QW pattern of Present Future tense is as follows QW + will/shall + S + Verb 1 + . . . ? Example: When will John run a restaurant in Jakarta? Next month - We often use will to be going to when we say what we have already decided to do, what we intend to do in the future. e.g. A:Theres a film on television tonight. Are you going to watch it? B: No, I am too tired. I am going to have an early night. - The pattern : S + am/is/are + going to + Verb 1 + S +am/is/are + not + going to + Verb 1 + . . . Am/is/are + S + going to + Verb 1 + . . . ? QW + am/is/are + S + going to + verb 1 + . . .? 4. PRESENT TENSE Present Tense is used to talk about something in general. And it is also used to talk about something which is happened repeatedly or habituallly activities. e.g. + The earth goes round the sun - The earth doesnt go round the sun ? Does the earth go round the sun ?

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The pattern : S + Verb 1 (s/es) Everyday/today S + dont/doesnt + Verb 1 Everyday/today Do/Does + S + Verb 1Everyday/today? QW + Do/does + S + Verb 1.Everyday/today? We use the present simple when wse say how often we do things: e.g. How often do you go to the dentist ? Mary doesnt often drink tea. 5. PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE We use past continuous Tense to say that someone was in the middle of doing something at a certain time. The action or situation had already started before this time but hadnt finished: This time last year I was living in Brazil We often use the past continuous Tense and the past simple together to say that something happened in the middle of something else: When I was working in the garden, I hurt my back. The pattern : S + was/were + verb 4.When + s + Verb 2. S + was/were + not + Verb 4.When + s + Verb 2 Was/were + S + verb 4. When + s + Verb 2 . .? QW + was/were + S + verb 4.......When + s + Verb 2 ? e.g. + She was cooking rice when Tom came yesterday - She wasnt cooking rice when Tom came yesterday ? Was she cooking rice when Tom came yesterday ? 6. PRESENT PERFECT TENSE - We often use the present perfect Tense a) To give new information or to announce recent happening: e.g. Do you know about Mary ? Shes gone to Jakarta. b) With already to say that something has happened sooner than expected : e.g. Dont forget to post this letter, will you? Ive already posted it. c) Tense with just (= a short time ago) e.g. Would you like something to eat? No, thanks. Ive just had lunch.

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16 Tenses In English d) We talk about a period of time that continuous up to the present, we use the present perfect. e.g. Dave: Have you travelled a lot, Nora? Nora: Yes, I have been to 47 different countries. e) We often use ever and never with the present perfect: e.g. have you ever eaten caviar? We have never had a car. f) With This is the first time, It the first time e.g. This is the first time he has driven a car. (not drives) g) With yet. Yet shows that the speaker is expecting something to happen. Use yet only in questions and negative sentences: e.g. Has it stopped raining yet ? (not did it stop). The pattern: S + have/has + verb 3.etc S + havent/hasnt + Verb 3..etc Have/has + S + verb 3.. .etc? QW + have/has + S + verb 3..etc? 7. PAST PERFECT TENSE We use the Past perfect to say that something had already happened before this time : Example : - When I arrived at the party, Tom had already gone home - When I got home, I found that someone had broken into my flat and had stolen my fur coat. - George didnt want to come to the cinema with us because he had already seen the film twice. - It was my first time in an aeroplane. I was very nervous because I hadnt flown before. The pattern: S + had + verb 3when/before S + V2 S + hadnt + Verb 3 when/before S + V2 Had + S + verb 3 when/before S + V2 ? QW + had + S + verb 3 when/before S + V2 ?

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16 Tenses In English 8. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE S + have/has + been + verb 4etc S + havent/hasnt + been + verb 4etc Have/has + S + been + verb 4.etc ? QW + have/has + S + been + verb 4etc ? Example : - Pelajar pelajar tengah menyanyi sejak pagi ini + The students have been singing since this morning - The students havent been singing since this morning ? Have the students been singing since this morning ? 9. PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE S + had been + verb 4when S + V2 S + hadnt been + Verb 4 when S + V2 Had + S + been + verb 4 when S + V2 ? QW + had + S + been + verb 4 when S + V2 ? Example : - Mereka tengah mengerjakan PR ketika saya datang kemarin + They had been doing the homework when I came yesterday - They hadnt been doing the homework when I came yesterday ? Had they been doing the homework when I came yesterday ? 10. PRESENT FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE S + will be + Verb 4 + O + at..oclock S + wont be + Verb 4 + O + at..oclock Will + S + be + Verb 4 + O + at.oclock ? QW + will + S + be +Verb 4oclock ? Example : - Kamu sedang akan pergi ke sekolah pukul 7 besok pagi + You will be going to school at seven oclock tomorrow morning - You wont be going to school at seven oclock tomorrow morning ? Will you be going to school at seven oclock tomorrow morning ?

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16 Tenses In English

11. PRESENT FUTURE PERFECT TENSE S + will have + verb 3 + .by the end S + wont have + Verb 3 + ..by the end. Will + S + have + Verb 3 + by the end. ? QW + will + S + have +Verb 3 +by the end ? Example : - Kita sudah akan tiba di Jakarta besok sore. + We will have arrived in Jakarta tomorrow afternoon - We wont have arrived in Jakarta tomorrow afternoon ? Will we have arrived in Jakarta tomorrow afternoon ? 12. PRESENT FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE S + will have been + verb 4since. S + wont have been + verb 4.since. Will + S + have been + verb 4since.? QW + will + S + have been + verb 4.since..? Example : - Mereka tengah akan belajar sejak pagi besok + They will have been studying since this morning - They wont have been studying since this morning ? Will they have been studying since this morning ? 13. PAST FUTURE TENSE S + would + V1IF + S + verb 2.etc S + wouldnt + verb 1.+ object..etc Would + S + verb 1 .+ object ...etc ? Example : 1. Saya akan datang ANDAIKATA kamu mengundang saya I would come if you invited me 2. Tom akan melakukan perjalanan JIKAdia punya uang Tom would travel if he had more money

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14. PAST FUTURE CINTINUOUS TENSE S + would be + Verb 4when S + verb 2.etc S + wouldnt + be + verb 4.when S + verb 2etc Would + S + be + verb 4 .. when S + verb 2etc ? Example : - Sedianya mereka sedang akan pulang KETIKA kami datang + They would be going home when we came - They wouldnt be going home when we came ? Would they be going home when we came ? 15. PAST FUTURE PERFECT TENSE S + would have + verb 3..IF + S + had + verb 3. S + wouldnt have + verb 3 object..etc Would + S + have + verb 3 .object..etc ? Example : - Ia sudah akan menjadi presiden ANDAIKATA partainya menang dalam pemilihan umum. - He would have become a presiden if his party had won in general election 16. PAST FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE S + would have + been + verb 4..IF + S + had + verb 3. S + wouldnt have been + verb 4.objectetc Would + S + have been + verb 4.. .object..etc ? Example : - Sedianya rapat tengah akan dimulai sejak pagi ANDAIKATA walikota sudah datang tepat pada waktunya - The meeting would have been starting since this morning if Mayor had come on time.

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16 Tenses In English

17. PASSIVE VOICE (IN POSITIVE FORM) Penjelasan: 1. Kalimat pasif ialah suatu kalimat yang subjeknya dikenai oleh suatu perbuatan atau yang predikatnya berawalan di/ ter 2. Kata kerja yang digunakan harus kata kerja transitive, yaitu kata kerja yang bisa diikuti oleh suatu objek atau benda. 3. Rumus kalimat pasif dalam bahasa inggris adalah sebagai berikut: S + To be + V3by 4. To be berfungsi untuk menentukan Tenses dari suatu kalimat dan untuk membentuk awalan : di.atau: ter 5. To be dapat dijabarkan dalam 16 Tenses (lihatlah 16 Tenses pada rumus kalimat aktif) Pelajarilah Rumus dibawah ini : 1. Present Future Tense: S + will be + V3by 2. Present Future Continuous Tense: S + will be + being + V3by 3. Present Future Perfect Tense: S + will have been + V3 4. Present Future Perfect Continuous Tense: S + will have been + being + V3. 5. Simple Present Tense: S + am/is/are + V3 6. Present Continuous Tense: S + am/is/are + being +V3 7. Present Perfect Tense: S + have/has + been + V3 8. Present Perfect Continuous Tense: S + have been/has been +being +V3 9. Past Perfect Tense: S + had been +V3 10. Past Perfect Continuous Tense: S + had been + being + V3 11. Simple Past Tense: S + Was/were + V3 12. Past Continuous Tense: S + was/were + being + V3 13. Past Future Tense: S + would be + V3 14. Past Future Continuous Tense: S + would be being +V3 15. Past Future Perfect Tense: S + would have been + V3 16. Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense: S + would have been + being + V3 Communicative English Course
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16 Tenses In English

Penjelasan : 1. Kata kerja yang dipakai dalam kalimat pasif ialah V3 (bukan V1, V2, V4) 2. Tenses dalam kalimat pasifditentukan aleh bentuk To be nya 3. TO BE bisa terdiri dari: a. Satu kata saja (am/is/are/was/were) lihat nomor 5 dan 11. b. Dua kata(will be,have been, has been, had been, would be) lihat nomor1, 7, 9, 13. (am being-is being-are being-was being-were being) no. 6 dan no. 12. c. Tiga kata (will be being, will have been, have been being, has been being, had been being, would be being and would have been) lihat nomor 2, 3, 8, 10, 14 dan 15. d. Empat kata (will have been being dan would have been being ) no. 4 dan 16. 4. Being dalam kalimat pasif menunjukan: Continuous. 18. PASSIVE VOICE IN NEGATIVE FORM 1. Present Future Tense S + Wont be + V3.(by him) Example : Engkau tak akan dimarahi olehnya. 2. Present Future Continuous Tense S + Wont be + being + V3(by them). 3. Present Future Perfect Tense S + Wont have been + V3.(by her) = S tidak sedang akan di.

= S tak akan di

Example : Rapat tidak sedang akan dimulai oleh mereka pukul 9 besok pagi. = S belum akan di

Example : Nasi belum akan dimasak olehnya sore ini 4. Present Future Perfect Continuous Tense S + Wont have been + V3.(by the Bank) Example : Rumah itu belum lagi akan disita oleh Bank pada akhir tahun ini. 5. Simple Present Tense S + (am not/isnt/arent) + V3.(by the Judge) Communicative English Course
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16 Tenses In English

Example : Pengacau-pengacau itu tidak dikenakan hukuman oleh Hakim. 6. Present Continuous Tense S + (am not/isnt/arent) + being + V3 (by) Example : Mobil saya tidak sedang direparasi sekarang 7. Present Perfect Tense S + (hasnt/havent) + been + V3.(by ..) Example : Saya belum diajak dalam percakapan bahasa Inggris oleh kawankawan saya.

8. Present Perfect Continuous Tense

S + (hasnt/havent) + been + being + V3by.. Example : Korupsi masih belum diberantas oleh pemerintah sejak bertahun-tahun yang lalu. 9. Past Perfect Tense S + hadnt been + V3by.. Example : Tomy belum dituduh sebagai penghianat, sebelum Jaksa Agung terbunuh. 10. Past Perfect Continuous Tense S + hadnt been + being + V3(by.) Example : Buchary masih belum dicalonkan Walikota, ketika otonomi dilimpahkan ke-propinsi. 11. Simple Past Tense S + (wasnt/werent) + V3(by.) Example : Tindakan keras tidak dilakukan oleh pemerintah terhadap para koruptor. 12. Past Continuous Tense S + (wasnt/werent) + V3(by.) Example : Pasien tidak sedang dioperasi ketika ia meninggal kemarin.

No. 13 s/d No. 16, hanya menambahkan kata Not, pada kata bantu yang pertama. Lihat pada 16 Tenses kalimat pasip bentuk berita.

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16 Tenses In English

19. PASSIVE VOICE IN INTERROGATIVE 1. Present Future Tense Will + S + be + V3(by..) few years from now ?

= Yes/No,

Example : Apakah Bahasa Inggris akan dipakai di Pontianak ? When + ? = Few years from now. 2. Present Future Continuous Tense Will + S + have been + V3 ? = Yes/No,...

Example : Apakah rapat sedang akan diadakan pukul 9 besok ? What time + ... ? = At 9 oclock. 3. Present Future Perfect Tense Will + S + have been + V3?

= Yes/No,...

Example : Apakah pekerjaanmu sudah akan diselesaikan sore ini ? What + .. ? = Your job. 4. Present Future Perfect Continuous Tense Will + S + have been + being + V3 ? = Yes/No,.

Example : Apakah norma-norma hukum tengah akan diberlakukan sesudah negara bangkrut ? Why + ... ? = Because none is hones in government. 5. Simple Present Tense (Am /Is/Are) + S + V3. ? = Yes/No,

Example : Apakah saya diminta untuk menemani kamu ? By whom + . ? = By our director.

6. Present Continuous Tense

(Am/Is/Are ) + S + being + V3. ? = Yes/No,... Example : Apakah penari-penari itu sedang dijemput sekarang ? Communicative English Course
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16 Tenses In English Where + . ? = At the airport. 7. Present Perfect Tense (Has/Have) + S + been + V3 ? How many tickets + .. ? = 5 tickets 8. Present Perfect Continuous Tense (Has/Have) + S + been + being + V3. ? How long + . ? = For 3 days. 9. Past Perfect Tense Had + S + been + V3. ? = Yes/No, Example : Apakah perampok-perampok itu sudah tertembak dikakinya sebelum mereka menyerahkan diri ? Who + ? = The robbers. = Yes/No, = Yes/No,... Example : Sudahkah tiket-tiket itu dibeli olehmu ?

Example : Apakah Budi tengah diopname di rumah sakit ?

10. Past Perfect Continuous Tense

Had + S + been + being + V3. ? = Yes/No, Example : Apakah ia tengah diperbantukan sebelum kepada Departemen Pendidikan sebelum ia menjadi Menteri ? How long + . ? = More than 3 year. 11. Simple Past Tense (Were/Was) + S + V3 . ? = Yes/No,

Example : Apakah masalah Tomy dibicarakan di DPR ? What + . ? = Tomys problem. 12. Past Continuous Tense (Were/Was) + S + being + V3 ? = Yes/No,

Example : Apakah proyek perumahan sedang direncanakan di kota ini ketika saya ada di luar negeri tahun lalu ? By whom + ? = By the mayor. 13. Past Future Tense : Hanya mengubah : Will dengan Would dan keterangan waktu : sama di atas (kalimat dikarang sendiri)
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14. Past Future Continuous Tense Communicative English Course

16 Tenses In English 15. Past Future Perfect Tense : sama di atas (kalimat dikarang sendri) : sama di atas (kalimat dikarang

16. Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense sendiri)

20. CAUSATIVE Dengan HAVE Dan GET Fungsi : I. Menyuruh sesorang untuk mengerjakan sesuatu. II. Menyuruh agar sesuatu dikerjakan oleh orang lain. Bandingkanlah kalimat-kalimat berikut: 1. Tono mengecat rumahnya hari ini. 2. Rumah Tono dicat sendiri olehnya. 3. Tono menyuruh tukang cat mengecatkan rumahnya. 4. Tono mengecatkan rumahnya. Rumus-Rumus Causative: A. S + to have + someone + V1 + etc Eg: 1. He has a mechanic repair his car today 2. He will have a mechanic repair his car tomorrow 3. He is having a mechanic etc now B. S + to have + something + Eg: 1. I had my tooth pulled out yesterday 2. Ali has had his hair cut since yesterday Note : Perubahan Tenses hanya terjadi pada kata kerja to have. (have (has) had had having) C. S + to get + someone + to + V1 + etc

Eg : 1. He will get me to help him tomorrow 2. He doesnt get me to come to his house today 3. He has get me to bring a dictionary D. S + to get + somthing + to + V3 + etc Eg : 1. The girl gets her face made up (dihias) 2. I wont get my hair cut short. 3. Budi is getting his tooth pulled out now Communicative English Course
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16 Tenses In English

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