Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
L = 97 m
Lwl = 99.425 m
B = 15.2 m
H = 8 m
T = 6 m
V = 13 knot
D = 8920.24 Ton
Ñ = 8702.67 m³
g = 9.8 m/s²
Kp = 1
Kb = 0.75638245
Ks = 1.025
Cb = 0.72
Cm = 0.989
Cw = 0.8
Cph = 0.74
Cpv = 0.89
atau
bilgae keel
rudder
bossing
shaft bracket & shaft
= 0.000168583333333333
Kp = 1
= 10
= 5.144
…………… (3) = 136.114025984
= 0.429783361344538
= 8.63324959818165
= 44.0000002317771
= 1.70454544556649
0.152879054563742 0.0178790545637415
= 0.164793516904907
= 0.164793516904907
= 0.004
= 0.08
= 0.00143032436509932
= 0.001
= 0.000283333333333333
= 0.00571365769843265
……..…… (5) = 0.0044297531686119
0.6973 = 177.884063999565
A = 250
= 22.6856709973333
= 1281.59615272545
ehp = 1473.83557563427
Cb D (t)
0.72 8920.23552
……...…….(1)
423.092152874733
mean =
=
S ……………(2) =
11 12 13
5.6584 6.1728 6.6872
181.167768584704 235.205036900352 299.042515086848
0.283333333333333 =
0.8
2606.46793663674
5287.47449451837
793.121174177755
6080.59566869612
14
7.2016
373.496887300096
0.601696705882353
8.77937763385989
45.9599611024797
1.63185516699564
1.80043850032897
2851.22223422808
11.8408101562457
0.23071092366687
0.23071092366687
0.018
0.08
0.00143032436509932
0.0015
0.000425
0.0198553243650993
0.015393674361039
1696.22678843274
62.2494812166826
4609.6985038775
5301.15327945913
main ship caracteristics
lenght on waterline : L
length between perpendiculars : Lpp
breadth moulded : B
draught moulded of FP :
draught moulded of AP :
draught moulded : T
displacement volume moulded : Ñ
longitudinal centre of bouyancy (lcb) :
transverse bulb area :
centre of bulb area about keel line :
block coefficient :
transom area :
L/B
B/L
T/L
L/T
T/B
B/T
ª kecepatan (V) 9
=
4.6296
ª Froude number( Fn )
= 0.16213201057781
ª = 24.9654459120812
ª menentukan nilai
= 0.558621180637428
ª menentukan nilai
= 1.03
ª menentukan nilai
= 1.18537182935247
S = 1704.62157674838
atau Stotal
ª menghitung koefisien gesek
dimana :
= 44.179
= 44.179
sehingga :
= 0.001697639149822
= 31.7873388789147
dimana :
= 2.475
sehingga :
= 7.86736637253139
sehingga :
= 24.9531757497007
*
= 0.0448366357058
*
= 0.670185236488255
*
dimana:
= 1.235563732224
sehingga :
= -2.21186968111841
* = 1.69385
*
= 0.019561412584602
dimana :
= 0.960001154401154
= 0.862114285714286
d = -0.9
= 111143.343433649
sehingga :
= 1.28300723065785
dimana : = 0.04
= 0.000556652723593
sehingga :
= 0.021567954806927
= 0.519670586706156
ª menghitung nilai tahanan transom
dimana :
= 0.102764217144804
sehingga :
= 4.77170143716681
= 54.5767796517934
1 Hp = 0.7457 Kw 429.708603870651
1 Kw = 1.341022 Hp
sehingga :
PE Ehp = 338.834194818214
564.723658030357
576.248630643222
= 83.2 m
= 80 m
= 14 m
= 6.1 m
= 6.1 m
= 6.1 m
= 5044.75 m³
= 0.87 % dari Lwl
= 9.30006 m²
= 2.90 m
= 0.71
= 0.99
= 0.8
= 4.23 m²
= 17046%
= 10
= 4.06666666666667 m
= 4
=
= 11 knot
= 5.6584
= 1.3 kg/m³
= 1.025 kg/m³
= 9.8 m/s²
= 5.94285714285714
= 0.168269230769231
= 0.073317307692308
= 13.6393442622951
= 0.435714285714286
= 2.29508196721311
10 11 12 13 knot
5.144 5.6584 6.1728 6.6872 m/s
255.693236512257
1875.08373442322
1960.31481326064
μm
m
untuk
0.628337958538714 0.73738085583376 0.845071513526739 0.950162457271996 kN
ª BHPcsr = DHP /
= 969.2899
ª BHPmcr = BHPscr/0.85
= 1140.341 hp 850.3523 kw
LWL = 83.2 m
LBP = 80 m
T = 6.1 m
V = 11 knot
Cb = 0.71
RT = 83.8807644 kN
EHP = 853.547586 Hp 636.49043499 kw
Z = 4
N = 180 dengan reduction gear 1:4 180
0.89285714286
P/D
55 0.66
40 0.66
interpolasi
166.6667
2.23 2.58 2.79 3.03
322.86996 279.06977 258.06452 237.62376
= 3.28 ft 3.35
2.1833333 0.6666667
0.2183333 3.6
single screw
= 34.678127
1 ft = 0.3048 m
0 xV a
D0
N prop
Dimana :
A0 = D
2
2
Ae = A0 x (Ae/A0)
TC = T
Apx 0,5 xx (Vr ) 2
ρ = 1025 kg/m3
188,2 19,62 H
σ0,7R =
Va 2 4,836n 2 D 2
h = 3.629 m
Db (ft) Db (m) Dmax (m) Db < Dmax P0 (ft) P0 (m) δb 1/Jb P/Db
9.93 3.03 4.37 memenuhi 7.29 2.22 233.80 2.31 0.72
9.93 3.03 4.37 memenuhi 7.29 2.22 233.80 2.31 0.72
100
Total Resistance
80
60
40
20
0
5 6 7
kecepatan kapal (knot)
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
60941995
7 8
kecepatan kapal (knot)
1.6
1.4
1.2
1.6
1.4
1.2
Column
D Column
C 1
0.8
0.6
0.2
0.2 0.40
0.555 0.555
0.433 0.433
0.900 0.900
0.011 0.011
0.720 0.720
2
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1.6
1.4
1.2
Column
C 1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8
1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2
TABEL KONTROL KAVITASI
dimana :
= 56.966225
= 99.622271
P = 1.04
sehingga :
T = 12.387857
FP/Ae = 1.067 - (0.229 P/D)
= 0.90212
FP = 2.90068383
T/FP = 35.3948381
= 0.3552904
ª Perencanaan Ukuran Baling - Baling
karakteristik baling-baling yaitu:
type : B4-55
efficiency propeller
=
dimana :
= 0.99
sehingga :
= 0.663357
Pitch Ratio (P/D) = 0.72
Diameter (Dp) = 4.37 0.0038168
(Rpm) baling - baling = 1/J x VA/Dp x 60
= 124.8 rpm 2.0792884 0.0038168
Pitch (P) =
= 3.144 m
Pitch Distribution = 8.0155629
= 0.5001818 m
= 500.18182 mm
memenuhi
VI.3 Perhitungan Poros
A. Perencanaan Poros
1. Diameter poros propeller
Dari buku "BKI 1996" Vol III Sec. 4.C.2 hal. 4-1 diberikan formula :
D = F x k x {Pw / (n x (1 -(di/da)4 )) x Cw }1/3
Dimana :
F = Faktor untuk tipe instalasi propulsi
= 100
k = nilai koefisien poros baling-baling
= 1.26 (untuk poros pelumasan minyak)
Pw = Pd = SHP = 722.799496495 kW maksudnya SHP
n1 = 180 rpm 720
(1 - (di/da)4) = 1
(poros yang direncanakan tidak memiliki lubang tengah di = 0)
Cw = 560 / (Rm + 160 ) Rm = Kekuatan tarik material
= 0.737 = ( 400~ 600 ) N/mm2
dipilih = 600
Maka :
D = ds = 221.732 mm
0.22173155989 m
Dari buku "Elemen Mesin" oleh Sularso tabel 1.7 hal 9 dipilh diameter poros :
D = ds = 221.732 mm
0.22173155989 m
Dengan demikian bahan poros yang dipilih adalah baja khrom molibden (JIS G 4105)
SCM2 dengan kekuatan tarik 85 kg / mm2. Bahan poros dianggap aman karena
kekuatan tarik dari poros adalah 14.68kg/mm 2 lebih kecil dari kekuatan tarik bahan
D. Perencanaan Kopling Poros dan Baut Kopling ( Shaft Coupling and Coupling Bolts )
Dalam perencanaan ini, desainer menggunakan kopling tetap tipe flens. Kopling ini
adalah elemen mesin yang berfungsi sebagai penerus putaran dan daya dari poros
pengggerak ke poros yang digerakkan secara pasti (tanpa terjadi slip), dimana sumbu
kedua poros tersebut terletak pada satu garis lurus atau sedikit berbeda tapi selalu
Sedangkan baut merupakan pengikat yang sangat penting untuk mencegah terjadinya
kecelakaan atau kerusakan pada mesin atau poros. Pemilihan baut harus dilakukan
dengan seksama untuk mendapat ukuran yang sesuai
Ukuran kopling dan baut dapat ditentukan sebagai berikut :
1. Tebal flens kopling Tf
Dari buku "BKI 1996" Vol III Sec.4.D.4.4 hal 4-4 diberikan formula :
Tf = 25% x ds
= 55.4328899733 mm
2. Ukuran Spie
* lebar b = ( 25 ~ 35 )% x ds Diamana :
= 30% x ds t=
= 66.519467968 mm =
* panjang l = ( 0,75 ~ 1,5 ) x ds =
= 1 x ds P=
= 221.731559893 mm =
* tinggi h = 2 x t l=
maka :
h= 31.821 mm
Kekuatan tarik material
( 400~ 600 ) N/mm2
N/mm2
x
asan minyak)
d1 + ( 80% x d1 )
mm
( 2,2 ~ 2,4 ) x ds
mm
tebal benaman
F / (l x P)
15.910 mm
Tekanan permukaan spie
10 kg/ mm2
panjang pasak (mm)
DESAIN PROPELLER
Untuk Desain propeller kita harus menggunakan nilai L maks dalam buku Henche II
pada bagian "Propulsion Steven" hal 435~437 terhadap nilai L maks beberapa nilai
Ad/Ao sebagai berikut
Lmaks = 0.4374 Dp untuk Ad/Ao =0.21462
2. Lebar daun dari generator line ke leading edge (persentase dari L maks )
0.2 R = 46.90% x Lmaks = 0.220 m 2.201
0.3 R = 52.64% x Lmaks = 0.247 m 2.471
0.4 R = 56.32% x Lmaks = 0.264 m 2.644
0.5 R = 57.60% x Lmaks = 0.270 m 2.704
0.6 R = 56.08% x Lmaks = 0.263 m 2.632
0.7 R = 51.40% x Lmaks = 0.241 m 2.413
0.8 R = 41.65% x Lmaks = 0.195 m 1.955
0.9 R = 25.35% x Lmaks = 0.119 m 1.190
3 Total lebar daun (persentase dari Lmaks )
0.2 R = 76.08% x Lmaks = 0.357 m 3.571 0.357
0.3 R = 85.96% x Lmaks = 0.403 m 4.035
0.4 R = 93.62% x Lmaks = 0.439 m 4.394
0.5 R = 98.38% x Lmaks = 0.462 m 4.618
0.6 R = 100.00% x Lmaks = 0.469 m 4.694
0.7 R = 98.08% x Lmaks = 0.460 m 4.604
0.8 R = 90.00% x Lmaks = 0.422 m 4.224
0.9 R = 72.35% x Lmaks = 0.340 m 3.396
4. Jarak titik tebal maksimum dari leading edge (persentase dari total lebar daun)
0.2 R = 35.00% x Lmaks = 0.125 m 1.250
0.3 R = 35.00% x Lmaks = 0.141 m 1.412
0.4 R = 35.00% x Lmaks = 0.154 m 1.538
0.5 R = 35.00% x Lmaks = 0.162 m 1.616
0.6 R = 39.90% x Lmaks = 0.187 m 1.873
0.7 R = 44.30% x Lmaks = 0.204 m 2.039
0.8 R = 47.90% x Lmaks = 0.202 m 2.023
0.9 R = 50.00% x Lmaks = 0.170 m 1.698
2. Picth Diagram
P = P/D x Dp Dimana P/D = dari grafik = 0.72
= 3.1 m Dp = diameter propeller = 4.36667
jadi :
P/ 2 p = 0.501 m
maka :
0.2 R = P/ 2 p x 82.20% 0.412 m
0.3 R = P/ 2 p x 88.70% 0.444 m
0.4 R = P/ 2 p x 95.00% 0.476 m
0.5 R = P/ 2 p x 99.20% 0.497 m
0.6 R = P/ 2 p x 100% 0.501 m
4. Perhitungan momen puntir (Mp) dan gaya tangensial (F) dan spie
a. Momen puntir
Mp = (75 x 80 x N)/2 π n dimana N = SHP = 969.29 HP
7422.9978 Kgm n = 124.757 rpm
b. Gaya tangensial
F = Mp/ (Ds/2) Dimana Ds = diameter poros
F = 66954.8152 Kg = 221.73156 mm
0.2217316 m
c. Ukuran spie
Panjang (l) = (1.0~1.5)Ds = 332.597 mm 0.3326 0.1663
Lebar (b)= 0.3Ds = 66.5195 mm 0.06652 0.03326
Tebal (t) = F/(Pa x L) = 40.262 mm 0.04026 0.02013
dimana :
Pa = tegangan permukaan spie
Pa = 5 kg/mm2
a) Expanded Blade Area :
Sejumlah parameter penting dalam pengambaran expanded blade area baling -baling :
Chord length (Cr) atau panjang chord, dalam hal ini adalah panjang Chord pada jari-jari tertentu. Panjang
chord dapat ditentukan dengan persamaan 7.1 dan konstanta jari-jari ( K®) sebagaimana tertea pada tabel
C(r)=(K® x D x EAR) / Z
dimana:
Dp ( diameter Propeller ) = 4.3666667
Z ( Jumlah Daun ) = 4
Tabel 7.4 Presure side section geometri from position of maximum thickness to the leading edge
r/R 20% 40% 60% 80% 90% 95% le
0.2 0.45% 2.30% 5.90% 13.45% 26.20% 40.00%
0.3 0.05% 1.30% 4.60% 16.55% 22.20% 37.55%
0.4 0.30% 2.65% 12.50% 17.90% 34.50%
0.5 0.70% 8.45% 13.30% 30.40%
0.6 4.45% 8.40% 24.50%
0.7 0.40% 2.45% 16.05%
0.8 7.40%
Tabel 7.5 suction side section geometry from position of maximum thicknes to the trailing edge
r/R T.E 80% 60% 40% 20%
0.2 53.35% 72.65% 86.90% 96.45%
0.3 50.95% 71.60% 86.80% 96.80%
0.4 47.70% 70.25% 86.55% 97.00%
0.5 43.40% 68.40% 86.10% 96.95%
0.6 40.21% 67.15% 85.40% 96.80%
0.7 39.40% 66.90% 84.90% 96.65%
0.8 40.95% 67.80% 85.30% 96.70%
0.9 45.25% 70.00% 87.00% 97%
nilai
0.048
0.036
0.022
0.010
0.004
nilai
0.064
0.053
0.042
0.032
0.021
0.011
0.004
a pada tabel
Blade contour
the following value are persentaseges of the blade widthe at 0.6 r
r/R Cte Cle C® c(gl)
0.2 0.1116790129 0.1793172 0.2909963 0.0237159
0.3 0.144143791 0.2259384 0.3699941 0.0254815
0.4 0.1758869433 0.1676738 0.4396213 0.0238865
0.5 0.2033442468 0.283966 0.489327 0.0195048
0.6 0.2258664725 0.2865348 0.5124013 0.0104798
0.7 0.2358423415 0.1619501 0.4982578 0.001932
0.8 0.2158713445 0.208071 0.4285579 0.0005069
0.9 0.1668310536 0.1139759 0.280844 0.0161367
1 0 0 0 0
tabel 7.3 Hisap sisi geometri bagian dari posisi ketebalan maksimum ketepi termuka
r/R 20% 40% 60% 80% 90% LE
0.2 0.0233838774 0.0224115 0.0206328 0.0176446 0.0135062
0.3 0.025073796 0.0239526 0.0218631 0.0184741 0.0139893
0.4 0.023456543 0.0222742 0.0201363 0.0168161 0.0124688
0.5 0.0191342088 0.0180224 0.0160525 0.0132047 0.0094793
0.6 0.0102806838 0.0095628 0.0083157 0.0066652 0.004543
0.7 0.001885632 0.0017156 0.0014471 0.0011012 0.0006762
0.8 0.000491693 0.0004324 0.0003482 0.0002446 0.0001239
0.9 0.015652599 0.0140389 0.0112957 0.0077698 0.0035501
Tabel 7.4 Presure side section geometri from position of maximum thickness to the leading edge
r/R 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.9 0.95 le
0.2 0.0001067216 0.0005455 0.0105797 0.0241182 0.0469811 0.0717269
0.3 1.274075E-05 0.0003313 0.0103932 0.0373928 0.0501583 0.0848399
0.4 7.166E-05 0.0044434 0.0209592 0.0300136 0.0578474
0.5 0.0019878 0.0239951 0.0377675 0.0863257
0.6 0.0127508 0.0240689 0.070201
0.7 0.0006478 0.0039678 0.025993
0.8 0.0153973
Tabel 7.5 suction side section geometry from position of maximum thicknes to the trailing edge
r/R T.E 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2
0.2 0.0595808 0.0811348 0.0970491 0.1077144
0.3 0.0734413 0.103207 0.1251168 0.1395312
0.4 0.0838981 0.1235606 0.1522301 0.1706103
0.5 0.0882514 0.1390875 0.1750794 0.1971422
0.6 0.0908096 0.1516693 0.19289 0.2186387
0.7 0.0929219 0.1577785 0.2002301 0.2279416
0.8 0.0883993 0.1463608 0.1841383 0.2087476
0.9 0.0754911 0.1167817 0.145143 0.1618261
DESAIN PROPELLER
» 2. Picth Diagram
P = P/D x Dp Dimana P/D = dari grafik
= 3.1 m Dp = diameter propeller
jadi :
P/ 2 p = 0.501 m
maka :
0.2 R = P/ 2 л x 82.20% = 0.412
0.3 R = P/ 2 л x 88.70% = 0.444
0.4 R = P/ 2 л x 95.00% = 0.476
0.5 R = P/ 2 л x 99.20% = 0.497
0.6 R = P/ 2 л x 100% = 0.501
4. Perhitungan momen puntir (Mp) dan gaya tangensial (F) dan spie
a. Momen puntir
Mp = (75 x 80 x N)/2 π n dimana N = SHP =
7422.9978037 Kgm n=
b. Gaya tangensial
F = Mp/ (Ds/2) Dimana Ds = diameter poros
F = 66954.815158 Kg = 221.73156
0.2217316
c. Ukuran spie
Panjang (l) = (1.0~1.5)Ds = 332.59734 mm
Lebar (b)= 0.3Ds = 66.519468 mm
Tebal (t) = F/(Pa x L) = 40.262 mm
dimana :
Pa = tegangan permukaan spie
Pa = 5 kg/mm2
EAR =
= 0.2146206 2.1833333
D = 4.3666667 0.2183333
Z = 4
= 0.72
= 4.3666667 m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m 0.3190396
m 0.4010783
m 0.1919035
m 0.1519236
m 0.546925
969.28992 HP
124.7573 rpm
mm
m
0.3325973 0.1662987
0.0665195 0.0332597
0.0402618 0.0201309
0.700 0.800 0.900
0.045 0.045 0.039
0.090 0.091 0.078
0.135 0.136 0.116
0.180 0.182 0.155
0.203 0.205 0.175
0.214 0.216 0.184
0.225 0.227 0.194
0.057 0.050 0.039
0.113 0.099 0.078
0.170 0.149 0.116
0.226 0.199 0.155
0.255 0.224 0.175
0.269 0.236 0.184
0.283 0.248 0.194
0.004