Dull Bit Grading

Introduction

IADC DULL GRADING

Introduction
Modern IADC dull grading system created in 1987. Expansion of the T-B-G system.

The Old I.A.D.C. System1

T2 B4 In T5 B2 4 T2 B8 6 T7 B2 In T3 B3 2
Three Part System
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The Old I.A.D.C. System 2

Bearing Condition
T 0-8 B 0-8

Gauge Wear
Fractions of 1 inch 3/6, 1/8 etc

Tooth Condition
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TBG

Introduction
Modern IADC dull grading system created in 1987. Expansion of the T-B-G system. Dull grading system revised in 1992. Roller Cone Dull Grading: IADC/SPE 23938 Fix Cutter Dull Grading: IADC/SPE 23939

Objectives Of Dull Bit Grading

Improve Rock Bit Selection Enhance Drilling Performance Improve Bit Pulling Procedures for

Minimum Cost Drilling Improve Historical Data for Application and Design

Goal Of Dull Bit Grading Systems

Develop a system for roller and fixed cutter bits to Paint a Mental Picture of the worn bits physical condition. System must be convenient enough that the drilling community will use it.

IADC 1992 Dull Bit Grading

Cutting Structure Bearings/ Other Reason Gage Inner Outer Dull Char. Location Seals Dull Char. Pulled 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1 Inner Cutting Structure (All Inner Rows) 2 Outer Cutting Structure (Gage Row Only) 3 Dull Characteristic (Use Codes, Cutting Structure Only) 4 Location (Where Dull Characteristic Occurs) 5 Bearing / Seals (Condition of Roller Cone) 6 Gage (What is the Final Gage Diameter) 7 Other Dull Characteristic (Use Codes, not limited to CS) 8 Reason Pulled (Use Codes, Termination of Bit Run)

Cutting Structure Bearings/ Other Reason Gage Dull Char. Pulled Inner Outer Dull Char. Location Seals 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1 2

Inner Cutting Structure (All Inner Rows) Outer Cutting Structure (Gage Row Only)

A measure of combined cutting structure reduction due to lost, worn and/or broken inserts/teeth.
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Outer

Inner

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Tooth Height Grading 3

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Dull Codes - Worn Teeth 2

Worn Teeth Roller Cone

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WT = Worn Teeth

Grading Uneven Wear

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Dull Codes - Worn Teeth

Worn Teeth Fixed Cutter

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WT = Worn Teeth

Cutting Structure Bearings/ Other Reason Gage Dull Char. Pulled Inner Outer Dull Char. Location Seals 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

3 Major Dull Characteristics (Use only Cutting Structure Related Codes)

*BC - Broken Cone BF Bond Failure BT - Broken Teeth/Cutters BU - Balled Up Bit *CC - Cracked Cone *CD - Cone Dragged CI - Cone Interface CR - Cored CT - Chipped Teeth/Cutters ER - Erosion
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FC - Flat Crested Wear HC - Heat Checking *LC - Lost Cone LN - Lost Nozzle LT - Lost Teeth/Cutters NR Not-Rerunnable OC - Off Center Wear PB - Pinched Bit PN - Plugged Nozzle/Flow Passage

RG - Rounded Gage RR Re-Runnable SD - Shirrtail Damage SS - Self Sharpening Wear TR - Tracking WO - Washed Out Bit WT - Worn Teeth/Cutters NO - No Dull Characteristics

* Show Cone #s under Location (4)

These codes should not be used in the dull characteristic field. They go in the other dull characteristic field. LN Lost Nozzle(s) PN Plugged Nozzle(s) WO Wash Out PB Pinched Bit NR Not Rerunnable RR ReRunnable
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When using these codes the cone(s) number should be displayed in the location field. BC Broken Cone(s) CC Cracked Cone(s) CD Cone(s) Drag LC Lost Cone(s)

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Cutting Structure Bearings/ Other Reason Gage Dull Char. Pulled Inner Outer Dull Char. Location Seals 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

LOCATION Roller Cone N Nose row M Middle row G Gage row A All rows 1 Cone #1 2 Cone #2 3 Cone #3
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Fixed Cutter C Cone N Nose T Taper S Shoulder G Gage A All areas

Gage

Middle

Nose

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Identifying Cones On A Roller Cone Bit

To identify the cones on a roller cone bit: - Find the cone that has the insert or tooth that is closest to the direct center-line of the axis of rotation of the bit - That is Cone #1 - Count in a clockwise rotation to find Cone #2 and then Cone #3

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Identifying Cones On A Roller Cone Bit

Cone #1

Cone #3
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Cone #2

Cone #3

Cone #2

Identifying Blades On A PDC Bit

To identify the blades on a PDC bit: - Find the blade that has the cutter that is closest to the direct center-line of the axis of rotation of the bit. - That is Blade #1 (Blade #1 is also the one that has the most cutters). - Count in a clockwise rotation to find blade #2 and then blade #3, etc.
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Identifying Blades On PDC Bit

Blade #1

Blade #6

Blade #2 Blade #5 Blade #3

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Blade #4

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Cutting Structure Bearings/ Other Reason Gage Dull Char. Pulled Inner Outer Dull Char. Location Seals 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

5 BEARINGS / SEALS
Non-Sealed Bearing 0 - No Life Used 8 - All Life Used Sealed Bearings E - Seals Effective F - Seals Failed

N - Not Able to Grade X - Fixed Cutter Bit

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Cutting Structure Bearings/ Other Reason Gage Dull Char. Pulled Inner Outer Dull Char. Location Seals 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

GAGE Measure in fractions of 1/16

In Gage 1/16 Out of Gage

2/16 - 1/8 Out of Gage 4/16 - 1/4 Out of Gage

1/16 -

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Two Thirds Rule

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Measured distance

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Gauge Tolerance
Roller Cone Go Gauge Roller Cone No-Go Gauge

Fixed Cutter Go Gauge

Fixed Cutter No-Go Gauge

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Cutting Structure Bearings/ Other Reason Gage Dull Char. Pulled Inner Outer Dull Char. Location Seals 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

7 Other Dull Characteristics (Use all Related Codes)

*BC - Broken Cone BF Bond Failure BT - Broken Teeth/Cutters BU - Balled Up Bit *CC - Cracked Cone *CD - Cone Dragged CI - Cone Interface CR - Cored CT - Chipped Teeth/Cutters ER - Erosion
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FC - Flat Crested Wear HC - Heat Checking *LC - Lost Cone LN - Lost Nozzle LT - Lost Teeth/Cutters NR Not-Rerunnable OC - Off Center Wear PB - Pinched Bit PN - Plugged Nozzle/Flow Passage

RG - Rounded Gage RR Re-Runnable SD - Shirrtail Damage SS - Self Sharpening Wear TR - Tracking WO - Washed Out Bit WT - Worn Teeth/Cutters NO - No Dull Characteristics

* Show Cone #s under Location (4)

Cutting Structure Bearings/ Other Reason Gage Dull Char. Pulled Inner Outer Dull Char. Location Seals 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

8 Reason Pulled Or Run Terminated

BHA - Change Bottom Hole Assembly DMF - Downhole Motor Failure DTF - Downhole Tool Failure DSF - Drill String Failure DST - Drill Stem Test LOG - Run Logs LIH - Left in Hole RIG 32Rig Repair CM - Condition Mud CP - Core Point DP - Drill Plug FM - Formation Change HP - Hole Problems HR - Hours on Bit PP - Pump Pressure PR - Penetration Rate TD - Total Depth Casing Depth TQ - Torque TW - Twist Off WC - Weather Conditions

Keys To Dull Grading

Know What a Sharp Bit Looks Like Normal Dull Conditions Sequence of Events Paint Picture of Dull Consistency

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Grade Lots of Dulls

Key to Good Dull Grading: GRADE A LOT OF DULLS 34