Volume 1: Spring 2006 (Online) www.ada.

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Endodontic Posts: Additional Reading

General Overview Fernandes AS, Shetty S, Coutinho I. Factors determining post selection: a literature review. J Prosthet Dent 2003;90(6):556-62. Freedman GA. Esthetic post-and-core treatment. Dent Clin North Am 2001;45(1):103-16. Heydecke G, Butz F, Strub JR. Fracture strength and survival rate of endodontically treated maxillary incisors with approximal cavities after restoration with different post and core systems: an in-vitro study. J Dent 2001;29(6):427-33. Peroz I, Blankenstein F, Lange KP, Naumann M. Restoring endodontically treated teeth with posts and cores--a review. Quintessence Int. 2005 Oct;36(9):737-46. Schwartz RS, Robbins JW. Post placement and restoration of endodontically treated teeth: a literature review. J Endod 2004;30(5):289-301. Standlee JP, Caputo AA, Collard EW, Pollack MH. Analysis of stress distribution by endodontic posts. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1972;33(6):952-60. Case Selection, Tooth Preparation Abramovitz L, Lev R, Fuss Z, Metzger Z. The unpredictability of seal after post space preparation: a fluid transport study. J Endod 2001;27(4):292-5. Alves FB, Vieira Rde S. Effects of eugenol and non-eugenol endodontic fillers on short post retention, in primary anterior teeth: an in vitro study. J Clin Pediatr Dent 2005;29(3):211-4. Ayad MF. Lactic acid root canal irrigation for dowel and core treatment: a pilot study. J Prosthet Dent 2004;92(6):540-5. da Silva RS, de Almeida Antunes RP, Ferraz CC, Orsi IA. The effect of the use of 2% chlorhexidine gel in post-space preparation on carbon fiber post retention. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2005;99(3):372-7. Deutsch AS, Musikant BL, Cavallari J, Silverstein L, Lepley J, Ohlen K, Lesser M. Root fracture during insertion of prefabricated posts related to root size. J Prosthet Dent 1985;53(6):786-9. Goodacre CJ, Spolnik KJ. The prosthodontic management of endodontically treated teeth: a literature review. Part III. Tooth preparation considerations. J Prosthodont 1995;4(2):122-8. Goodacre CJ, Spolnik KJ. The prosthodontic management of endodontically treated teeth: a literature review. Part II. Maintaining the apical seal. J Prosthodont 1995;4(1):51-3. Innella R, Autieri G, Ceruti P, Gassino G. Relation between length of fiber post and its mechanical retention. Minerva Stomatol. 2005 Sep;54(9):481-8. Holmes DC, Diaz-Arnold AM, Leary JM. Influence of post dimension on stress distribution in dentin. J Prosthet Dent 1996;75(2):140-7. Hunter AJ, Feiglin B, Williams JF. Effects of post placement on endodontically treated teeth. J Prosthet Dent 1989;62(2):166-72. Krupp JD, Caputo AA, Trabert KC, Standlee JP. Dowel retention with glass-ionomer cement. J Prosthet Dent 1979;41(2):163-6.

Volume 1: Spring 2006 www.ada.org/goto/ppr Lloyd PM, Palik JF. The philosophies of dowel diameter preparation: a literature review. J Prosthet Dent 1993;69(1):32-6. Madison S, Zakariasen KL. Linear and volumetric analysis of apical leakage in teeth prepared for posts. J Endod 1984;10(9):422-7. Mattison GD, Delivanis PD, Thacker RW Jr, Hassell KJ. Effect of post preparation on the apical seal. J Prosthet Dent 1984;51(6):785-9. Muniz L, Mathias P. The influence of sodium hypochlorite and root canal sealers on post retention in different dentin regions. Oper Dent 2005;30(4):533-9. Pilo R, Tamse A. Residual dentin thickness in mandibular premolars prepared with gates glidden and ParaPost drills. J Prosthet Dent 2000;83(6):617-23. Raiden G, Costa L, Koss S, Hernandez JL, Acenolaza V. Residual thickness of root in first maxillary premolars with post space preparation. J Endod 1999;25(7):502-5. Ricketts DN, Tait CM, Higgins AJ. Tooth preparation for post-retained restorations. Br Dent J 2005;198(8):463-71. Ricketts DN, Tait CM, Higgins AJ. Post and core systems, refinements to tooth preparation and cementation. Br Dent J 2005;198(9):533-41. Schmage P, Sohn J, Nergiz I, Ozcan M. Various conditioning methods for root canals influencing the tensile strength of titanium posts. J Oral Rehabil 2004;31(9):890-4. Tait CM, Ricketts DN, Higgins AJ. Restoration of the root-filled tooth: pre-operative assessment. Br Dent J 2005;198(7):395-404. Erratum in: Br Dent J 2005;198(8):471. Tilk MA, Lommel TJ, Gerstein H. A study of mandibular and maxillary root widths to determine dowel size. J Endod 1979;5(3):79-82. Cements, Luting Agents Aksoy G, Cotert HS, Korkut L. Effect of an adhesive resin luting agent on the dowel-head retention of three different core materials. J Prosthet Dent 2005;93(5):439-45. Balbosh A, Ludwig K, Kern M. Comparison of titanium dowel retention using four different luting agents. J Prosthet Dent 2005;94(3):227-33. Bateman GJ, Lloyd CH, Chadwick RG, Saunders WP. Retention of quartz-fibre endodontic posts with a self-adhesive dual cure resin cement. Eur J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2005;13(1):33-7. Bayindir YZ, Bayindir F, Akyil SM. Bond strength of permanent cements in cementing cast to crown different core build-up materials. Dent Mater J 2004;23(2):117-20. Bolhuis P, de Gee A, Feilzer A. The influence of fatigue loading on the quality of the cement layer and retention strength of carbon fiber post-resin composite core restorations. Oper Dent 2005;30(2):220-7. Bolhuis HP, de Gee AJ, Pallav P, Feilzer AJ. Influence of fatigue loading on the performance of adhesive and nonadhesive luting cements for cast post-and-core buildups in maxillary premolars. Int J Prosthodont 2004;17(5):571-6. Boschian Pest L, Cavalli G, Bertani P, Gagliani M. Adhesive post-endodontic restorations with fiber posts: push-out tests and SEM observations. Dent Mater 2002;18(8):596-602. Ertugrul HZ, Ismail YH. An in vitro comparison of cast metal dowel retention using various luting agents and tensile loading. J Prosthet Dent 2005;93(5):446-52.

Volume 1: Spring 2006 www.ada.org/goto/ppr Gernhardt CR, Bekes K, Schaller HG. Short-term retentive values of zirconium oxide posts cemented with glass ionomer and resin cement: an in vitro study and a case report. Quintessence Int 2005;36(8):593-601. Habib B, von Fraunhofer JA, Driscoll CF. Comparison of two luting agents used for the retention of cast dowel and cores. J Prosthodont 2005;14(3):164-9. Hochman N, Feinzaig I, Zalkind M. Effect of design of pre-fabricated posts and post heads on the retention of various cements and core materials. J Oral Rehabil 2003;30(7):702-7. Krupp JD, Caputo AA, Trabert KC, Standlee JP. Dowel retention with glass-ionomer cement. J Prosthet Dent 1979;41(2):163-6. Marchan S, Coldero L, Whiting R, Barclay S. In vitro evaluation of the retention of zirconia-based ceramic posts luted with glass ionomer and resin cements. Braz Dent J 2005;16(3):213-7. Epub 2006 Jan 12. Mezzomo E, Massa F, Libera SD Fracture resistance of teeth restored with two different postand-core designs cemented with two different cements: an in vitro study. Part I. Quintessence Int 2003;34(4):301-6. Purton DG, Love RM, Chandler NP. Rigidity and retention of ceramic root canal posts. Oper Dent 2000;25(3):223-7. Sahafi A, Peutzfeldt A, Asmussen E, Gotfredsen K. Retention and failure morphology of prefabricated posts. Int J Prosthodont 2004;17(3):307-12. Sen D, Poyrazoglu E, Tuncelli B. The retentive effects of pre-fabricated posts by luting cements. J Oral Rehabil 2004;31(6):585-9. Standlee JP, Caputo AA, Hanson EC. Retention of endodontic dowels: effects of cement, dowel length, diameter, and design. J Prosthet Dent 1978;39(4):400-5. Vargas JW, Liewehr FR, Joyce AP, Runner RR. A comparison of the in vitro retentive strength of glass-ionomer cement, zinc-phosphate cement, and mineral trioxide aggregate for the retention of prefabricated posts in bovine incisors. J Endod 2004;30(11):775-7. Failure Patterns Akkayan B, Gulmez T. Resistance to fracture of endodontically treated teeth restored with different post systems. J Prosthet Dent 2002;87(4):431-7. Cormier CJ, Burns DR, Moon P. In vitro comparison of the fracture resistance and failure mode of fiber, ceramic, and conventional post systems at various stages of restoration. J Prosthodont 2001;10(1):26-36. Ferrule Barkhordar RA, Radke R, Abbasi J. Effect of metal collars on resistance of endodontically treated teeth to root fracture. J Prosthet Dent 1989;61(6):676-8. Mezzomo E, Massa F, Libera SD Fracture resistance of teeth restored with two different postand-core designs cemented with two different cements: an in vitro study. Part I. Quintessence Int 2003;34(4):301-6. Nicholls JI. The dental ferrule and the endodontically compromised tooth. Quintessence Int 2001;32(2):171-3.

Volume 1: Spring 2006 www.ada.org/goto/ppr Sorensen JA, Engelman MJ. Ferrule design and fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth. J Prosthet Dent 1990;63(5):529-36. Stankiewicz NR, Wilson PR. The ferrule effect: a literature review. Int Endod J 2002;35(7):57581. Post Design Burns DA, Krause WR, Douglas HB, Burns DR. Stress distribution surrounding endodontic posts. J Prosthet Dent 1990;64(4):412-8. Chang WC, Millstein PL. Effect of design of prefabricated post heads on core materials. J Prosthet Dent 1993;69(5):475-82. Cohen BI, Pagnillo MK, Newman I, Musikant BL, Deutsch AS. Retention of a core material supported by three post head designs. J Prosthet Dent 2000;83(6):624-8. Cooney JP, Caputo AA, Trabert KC. Retention and stress distribution of tapered-end endodontic posts. J Prosthet Dent 1986;55(5):540-6. de Rijk WG. Removal of fiber posts from endodontically treated teeth. Am J Dent 2000;13(Spec No):19B-21B. Felton DA, Webb EL, Kanoy BE, Dugoni J. Threaded endodontic dowels: effect of post design on incidence of root fracture. J Prosthet Dent 1991;65(2):179-87. Hochman N, Feinzaig I, Zalkind M. Effect of design of pre-fabricated posts and post heads on the retention of various cements and core materials. J Oral Rehabil 2003;30(7):702-7. Innella R, Autieri G, Ceruti P, Gassino G. Relation between length of fiber post and its mechanical retention. Minerva Stomatol 2005;54(9):481-8. Isidor F, Brondum K. Intermittent loading of teeth with tapered, individually cast or prefabricated, parallel-sided posts. Int J Prosthodont 1992;5(3):257-61. Musikant BL, Deutsch AS.Post design and its impact on the root and crown. Compend Contin Educ Dent 2006;27(2):130-3. Nagase DY, Takemoto S, Hattori M, Yoshinari M, Kawada E, Oda Y. Influence of fabrication techniques on retention force of fiber-reinforced composite posts. Dent Mater J 2005;24(2):280-5. Nergiz I, Schmage P, Platzer U, Ozcan M. Bond strengths of five tapered root posts regarding the post surface. J Oral Rehabil 2002;29(4):330-5. Qualtrough AJ, Chandler NP, Purton DG. A comparison of the retention of tooth-colored posts. Quintessence Int 2003;34(3):199-201. Sahafi A, Peutzfeldt A, Asmussen E, Gotfredsen K. Retention and failure morphology of prefabricated posts. Int J Prosthodont 2004;17(3):307-12. Schmage P, Sohn J, Ozcan M, Nergiz I. Effect of surface treatment of titanium posts on the tensile bond strength. Dent Mater 2006;22(2):189-94. Epub 2005 Jul 21. Sorensen JA, Martinoff JT. Clinically significant factors in dowel design. J Prosthet Dent 1984;52(1):28-35. Standlee JP, Caputo AA. The retentive and stress distributing properties of split threaded endodontic dowels. J Prosthet Dent 1992;68(3):436-42. Standlee JP, Caputo AA, Hanson EC. Retention of endodontic dowels: effects of cement, dowel length, diameter, and design. J Prosthet Dent 1978;39(4):400-5.

Volume 1: Spring 2006 www.ada.org/goto/ppr Standlee JP, Caputo AA, Holcomb J, Trabert KC. The retentive and stress-distributing properties of a threaded endodontic dowel. J Prosthet Dent 1980;44(4):398-404. Post Material Akkayan B, Gulmez T. Resistance to fracture of endodontically treated teeth restored with different post systems. J Prosthet Dent 2002;87(4):431-7. Asmussen E, Peutzfeldt A, Heitmann T. Stiffness, elastic limit, and strength of newer types of endodontic posts. J Dent 1999;27(4):275-8. Bateman G, Ricketts DN, Saunders WP. Fibre-based post systems: a review. Br Dent J 2003;195(1):43-8; discussion 37. Boschian Pest L, Cavalli G, Bertani P, Gagliani M. Adhesive post-endodontic restorations with fiber posts: push-out tests and SEM observations. Dent Mater 2002;18(8):596-602. Burns DA, Krause WR, Douglas HB, Burns DR. Stress distribution surrounding endodontic posts. J Prosthet Dent 1990;64(4):412-8. Cormier CJ, Burns DR, Moon P. In vitro comparison of the fracture resistance and failure mode of fiber, ceramic, and conventional post systems at various stages of restoration. J Prosthodont 2001;10(1):26-36. D'Arcangelo C, Prosperi GD, Passariello P, Caputi S, Malagnino VA. Capacity of coronal dentin to increase fiberglass post retention: a pull-out test. Am J Dent 2005;18(5):307-10. de Rijk WG. Removal of fiber posts from endodontically treated teeth. Am J Dent 2000;13(Spec No):19B-21B. Ferrari M, Vichi A, Garcia-Godoy F. Clinical evaluation of fiber-reinforced epoxy resin posts and cast post and cores. Am J Dent 2000;13(Spec No):15B-18B. Goto Y, Nicholls JI, Phillips KM, Junge T. Fatigue resistance of endodontically treated teeth restored with three dowel-and-core systems. J Prosthet Dent 2005;93(1):45-50. Martinez-Insua A, da Silva L, Rilo B, Santana U. Comparison of the fracture resistances of pulpless teeth restored with a cast post and core or carbon-fiber post with a composite core. J Prosthet Dent 1998;80(5):527-32. Newman MP, Yaman P, Dennison J, Rafter M, Billy E. Fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth restored with composite posts. J Prosthet Dent 2003;89(4):360-7. Paul SJ, Werder P. Clinical success of zirconium oxide posts with resin composite or glassceramic cores in endodontically treated teeth: a 4-year retrospective study. Int J Prosthodont 2004;17(5):524-8. Pirani C, Chersoni S, Foschi F, Piana G, Loushine RJ, Tay FR, Prati C. Does hybridization of intraradicular dentin really improve fiber post retention in endodontically treated teeth? J Endod 2005;31(12):891-4. Purton DG, Love RM, Chandler NP. Rigidity and retention of ceramic root canal posts. Oper Dent 2000;25(3):223-7. Sahafi A, Peutzfeldt A, Asmussen E, Gotfredsen K. Retention and failure morphology of prefabricated posts. Int J Prosthodont 2004;17(3):307-12. Sen D, Poyrazoglu E, Tuncelli B. The retentive effects of pre-fabricated posts by luting cements. J Oral Rehabil. 2004 Jun;31(6):585-9.

Volume 1: Spring 2006 www.ada.org/goto/ppr Stewardson DA. Non-metal post systems. Dent Update 2001;28(7):326-32, 334, 336. Post Removal Abbott PV. Incidence of root fractures and methods used for post removal. Int Endod J 2002;35(1):63-7. Satterthwaite JD, Stokes AN. Effect of ultrasonic vibration on the retention of adhesively luted intra-radicular posts. Eur J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2004;12(3):101-4. Silva MR, Biffi JC, Mota AS, Fernandes Neto AJ, Neves FD. Evaluation of intracanal post removal using ultrasound. Braz Dent J 2004;15(2):119-26. Epub 2005 Mar 11.