REPORTED SPEECH consists in telling somebody else what you or a person said

before

When reporting speech, a few changes occur:

Choose an appropriate reporting (= introductory) verb depending on the type of discourse N.B.: The verb is usually conjugated in the simple past Then Don't forget to and to Remember to Change the tenses to their past form, unless what is said is still true Change personal pronouns, possessive adjectives or pronouns - depending on the speaker(s) Change time and place adverbs. Change the punctuation - depending on the type of discourse

First....

REPORTING / INTRODUCTORY VERBS

DIRECT SPEECH TYPE OF DISCOURSE REPORTED SPEECH LINK INTRODUCTORY VERB WORD to add / to admit / to announce / to declare / to deny / to explain / to That / insist / to mention / to promise / to O propose / to remind / to say / to suggest / to tell somene......

WORDORDER No Changes same wordorder as direct speech S + (Aux.) + Vb.

assertion

yes/no question= to ask someone / oneself / to question starting with an doubt / to wonder.. auxiliary WH-question question starting with WHto ask / to inquire / to wonder.. WHS + (Aux.) + Vb. No Changes answer to answer / to reply / to explain that / O same wordorder as direct speech To (not) To + Vb + Vb

advice order

to advise someone to tell / to forbid / to order

TENSES

Tense in "Direct speech"

SIMPLE PRESENT

Tense to use in reported speech

SIMPLE PAST

Cindy asked: "Do you like watching Cindy asked Giles if he liked watching tV TV?" Giles answered he didn't mind watching Giles said: "I don't mind watching TV, but there were things he liked better. TV, but there are things I like better

PRESENT BE-ING
Frank declared: " I am thinking about moving"

PAST BE-ING
Frank declared he was thinking about moving

PAST BE-ING
He told them: "I wasn't expecting your visit"

PAST PERFECT BE-ING

He told them he hadn't been expecting their visit

PRESENT PERFECT
She said: " I have just seen an old friend of mine"

PAST PERFECT
She said she had just seen an old friend of hers.

PRESENT PERFECT BE-ING

PAST PERFECT BE-ING

He asked: "Paul, how long have you He asked Paul how long he had been been studying English?" studying English

PAST PERFECT

PAST PERFECT

They said: "If we had arrived two They said that if they had arrived two minutes later, there would have been minutes later, there would have been no no cake left" cake left.

PAST PERFECT BE-ING

PAST PERFECT BE-ING

He declared: " You had been telling He declared they had been telling him me you wanted to see her" they wanted to see her.

FUTURE (WILL)
I asked: " Where will you spend your holiday ?"

CONDITIONAL (WOULD)
I asked where they would spend their holiday.

WILL + BE-ING
Anna declared:" I will be announcing my engagement next month"

WOULD + BE-ING
Anna declared she would be announcing her engagement the following month

WOULD
Tony said: "I would like something

WOULD
Tony said he would like something to

to eat. I wouldn't mind a drink either."

drink and wouldn't mind a drink either.

ADVERBS OF TIME AND PLACE, DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS

Direct speech
NOW

Reported Speechrt
THEN THE (year, month , week...) BEFORE

LAST (year, month, week...) THE PREVIOUS (year, month, week...) THE DAY BEFORE YESTERDAY THE PREVIOUS DAY THE NEXT DAY TOMORROW THE FOLLOWING DAY THE (week, month, year...) AFTER NEXT (week, month, year...) THIS THAT THESE THOSE HERE THERE THE FOLLOWING (week, month, year...) THAT THAT THOSE THOSE THERE THERE