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User-Centric Office Design

Vinai Kumar 15 May 2010 Saturday Indian Institute of Interior Design (IIID) New Delhi

User-Centric Design
User-centricity was always a major driving concern of the early humans
Which led to the development of
Technologies
enabling ease of work and living

Markets
taking the benefit to other humans

Which in turn led to the development of


Engineering professionals
Efficiency, productivity, delivery

Business management professionals


Return on investment, profits, more money for themselves

15 May 2010 Saturday Delhi

Vinai Kumar

UCOD

User-Centric Design
Technologies were developed
without human user consideration by the people who knew (technologists)

What was built had to be sold


(business economics) Which required business professionals To hard-sell To earn profits for their employers

RESULT:
The Human User was forgotten

15 May 2010 Saturday Delhi

Vinai Kumar

UCOD

User-Centric Design
What human users need in a product or system
Usefulness Safety and hygiene Ease of use Pleasure Wellbeing

Imperative:
We need to understand human users
15 May 2010 Saturday Delhi Vinai Kumar UCOD 4

User-Centric Design Understanding Users


Understanding users means understanding their:
Activities of living and work Physical characteristics Psychological characteristics Communication and expression Meanings

We need a knowledge and resource framework to understand human users


15 May 2010 Saturday Delhi Vinai Kumar UCOD 5

User-Centric Design (UCD) Framework


My UCD framework :
Usefulness
Functions and features Contextual relevance User value

Usability

15 May 2010 Saturday Delhi Vinai Kumar UCOD

Safety Hygiene Ease of use Comfort / wellbeing Trust Cultural relevance Social relevance Imageries and metaphors
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Emotional connect

User-Centric Design (UCD) the Core Knowledge


Ergonomics
System Characteristics Task Characteristics

Understanding the relationship between humans and man-made environment

User Characteristics

Environmental Characteristics

Applying this understanding to:


Productivity of systems Safety and hygiene Ease of use Comfort and wellbeing

System Behaviour

User Reaction ( + / _ )

15 May 2010 Saturday Delhi

Vinai Kumar

UCOD

User-Centric Design (UCD) the Core Knowledge


Ergonomics
Physical Ergonomics
Anatomy Biomechanics Anthropometry Physiology

15 May 2010 Saturday Delhi

Vinai Kumar

UCOD

User-Centric Design (UCD) the Core Knowledge


Ergonomics
Psychological Ergonomics
Senses
Design for information acquisition Design for sensory experience

Perception
Information organizational tendencies Gestalt laws Conditioned responses

Cognition
Understanding Pattern recognition and construction Learning
15 May 2010 Saturday Delhi Vinai Kumar UCOD 9

User-Centric Design (UCD) the Core Knowledge


Ergonomics
Environmental Ergonomics
Lighting Avoid glare Contrasts for lighting central / peripheral areas Climate Temperature Humidity Air velocity

15 May 2010 Saturday Delhi

Vinai Kumar

UCOD

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User-Centric Design (UCD) the Core Knowledge


Ergonomics
Task analysis (TA)
Types of tasks Physical Perceptual Cognitive Task severity Duration Frequency Criticality

TA is performed to understand the demands on the human user


15 May 2010 Saturday Delhi Vinai Kumar UCOD 11

User-Centric Design (UCD) the Core Knowledge


Ergonomics The twelve principles
(Macleod)

15 May 2010 Saturday Delhi

Vinai Kumar

UCOD

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User-Centric Design (UCD) the Core Knowledge


UCD Core Knowledge:
Semiotics
Syntactics Semantics Pragmatics

15 May 2010 Saturday Delhi

Vinai Kumar

UCOD

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User-Centric Design (UCD) the Core Knowledge


UCD Core Knowledge:
Ethnography
Culture What people actually do Sociological inferences Behavioural inferences

15 May 2010 Saturday Delhi

Vinai Kumar

UCOD

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User-Centric Design (UCD) the Core Knowledge


UCD Core Knowledge:
Systems Thinking
Multi- and interdisciplinary Addresses the dynamics and complexities of the world around us A method based on Right side and Left side brains User and Context analysis
15 May 2010 Saturday Delhi Vinai Kumar UCOD 15

User-Centric Design (UCD) the Process


UCD Process
User and Contextual Research Ideation Modeling & Prototyping User trials

15 May 2010 Saturday Delhi

Vinai Kumar

UCOD

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User-Centric Design (UCD) - References


www.ergoweb.com www.danmacleod.com http://sites.google.com/site/vinaik umar/papers Ergonomics in Computerised Offices E. Grandjean Fitting the Human KHE Kroemer Systems Thinking for Problem Solving Vinai Kumar

15 May 2010 Saturday Delhi

Vinai Kumar

UCOD

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15 May 2010 Saturday Delhi

Vinai Kumar

UCOD

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