Dynamics of the Compressible Mass in the transient press

B. Boek1, M. Danielewski1, R. Filipek 1 and K. Holly2

1

University of Mining and Metallurgy, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakw, Poland

2

Institute of Mathematics, Jagiellonian University, Reymonta 4, Krakw, Poland

Introduction Today's dynamic simulations of transport processes are powerful and widely used, e.g. by the space industry and in the advanced control systems on modern plants. Yet, we still make little use of dynamic modelling of complex thermochemical processes. Apparently, there is a growing demand for the more advanced modelling of the real, practical systems. Contrary to an extensive research on modelling of injection molding [1], the modelling of three-dimensional diffusional flow fields is relatively little known. Such processes are widely used, e.g., in ceramic as well as carbon industry, to form various elements that later undergo the thermal and/or ageing treatments. The medium is usually multi component and multi phase quasi-homogeneous slurry (from now on will be called fluid), which shows very complex physico-chemical properties. Modelling of the flow in these process represents several major challenges since the flow is inherently transient, includes a free surface and fluid is moving through an irregular geometry, e.g., extrusion die. This work will show the simulation of such complex mass transport processes namely, the flow of viscous compressible fluid in the transient press. The mathematical model of the process allows to examine the effects of the nonuniform concentration of the diffusing element on the unit walls, the geometry of an extrusion die and the influence of extrusion rates. An obvious simplification is an assumption that medium is Newtonian compressible fluid. Mathematical statement and physical description We will study the behaviour of fluid contained in the transient press (a time dependent domain ) during the period respectively. We are looking for the following unknowns: . Its boundary is a disjoint sum of two regular surfaces: a rigid boundary and free boundary velocity of the fluid and

, which represent fluid pressure, density and concentration of the diffusing element respectively. They should satisfy three basic conservation laws [2]: Mass conservation law,

Momentum conservation law (the Navier-Stokes system),

Diffusion equation (with convection) where and are kinematic viscosity and diffusivity, . Moreover: , on ; and for each , denotes external mass forces , will be , (e.g. gravity) at position ,

utilized as the equation of state. We assume the following initial conditions:

the following boundary

conditions: i) ii) iii) on

on , on

, .

Figure 1. A Schematic view of the evolution of fluid during the flow process. We assume that in the analysed case we know two functions that delimitate domain and

from both the bottom and top side. The first

function tells the position of the piston in the press, the second describes the position of the top of the moving fluid. Variational equations. We can rewrite the above equations in the variational forms.

where

To solve the above differential problem we use the Faedo-Galerkin method with respect to the spatial variable. When both and initial and boundary conditions have radial symmetry one can consider the above problem in (instead of ). Moreover we assume that differentiable function as well as two continuous functions ,

such that

are known. We define

We define

such us .

Faedo-Galerkin method. Using the adequate method we triangulate domain nodal points triangulation velocity field: all neighbouring nodal points and triangulation triangles [3]. Triangulation of the domain

. We trace both induces

and triangulation triangles. Moreover for each nodal points we determine . All triangulation nodal points are drifted by the following

This movement does not affect positions of nodal points relative to each other, i.e., does not change neighboring relation for points and triangles. Nodal points are disjoint sum of internal and boundary nodal points

Boundary nodal points are disjoint sum of piston, wall and free boundary nodal points: We look for approximate solution of the variational problem in a form:

where

is an unique function, which ought to be an afinic one on every triangle of it has a value 1 and in every nodal point , such that ,

triangulation. In nodal point

has a value 0. Initial density, velocity and concentration of the diffusing element are approximated by the formulae:

As a result we get the following system of differential equations:

where

etc. System of ordinary differential equations. Let us introduce the following denotations:

. Here we solve the system of ordinary differential equations which takes form: with initial condition equivalent form: , where denotes a matrix. This system can be written in

In consecutive time points

we consider consecutive values

of solution in points of the set W. In order to solve this last equation we can apply one of the multi-step methods, e.g., Adams-Bashforth method of third degree [4]:

from above we have:

Let us put Ri as a solution of the last system; then we can write:

References Holly K, Mosurski R; An automatic triangulation of an arbitrary flat domain, Opuscula Mathematica, Vol. 17, 1997, pp. 23 - 32. Thomee V; Galerkin Finite Element Methods for Parabolic Problems, Springer Verlag 1984. Lions J.-L, Magenes E; Problmes aux limites non homognes et applications, vol. 1 et 2, Paris, Dunod, 1968. 1. Manzione L. T. ed.; Application of Computer Aided Engineering in Injection Molding, Hanser Publ., 1987.

2. Danielewski M, Holly K, Boek B, Bednarz S, Golec S and Filipek R; Dynamics of the graphite electrode forming process, Univ. of Mining and Metallurgy, Cracow, 1998, Rep. 1246/98. 3. Boek B, Holly K, Jasklski J; Variance methods for thermo load of elements of IC engine, 20th International On Combustion Engines (CIMAC 1993), London 1993, D74. 4. Burden R. L, Faires J. D; Numerical Analysis third edition, Boston, Prindle, Weber & Schmidt, 1985.