Reduce production cost but maintain the high productivity of the farm

INDIGENOUS ORGANIC MATERIALS FOR FERTILITY IMPROVEMENT OF GUIMBALAON SOIL

ROSARIO M. BOMBIO GEORGE L. TALAM SOLENA B. TAHUM

OBJECTIVE
TO EVALUATE THE GROWTH AND YIELD OF SUGARCANE TO VARIOUS ORGANIC & INORGANIC FERTILIZER COMBINATION AND TO MONITOR THE FERTILITY STATUS OF THE SOIL AFTER EACH CROPPING.

Initial soil analysis

Soil Properties Soil Series Texture pH OM (%) P (ppm) K (ppm) Ca (ppm) Mg (ppm) Al (ppm) Analysis Guimbalaon Sandy loam 5.5 3.22 19 125 860 106 71

Chemical analysis of the soil amendments

Materials Moisture Neutralizing Value 14.00 21.10 12.10 4.90 5.60 87.92 12.52 N (%) P2O5 K2O (%) (%) 2.30 3.79 2.00 2.16 4.19 2.04

Mudpress Chicken Dung (La Granja) Chicken dung (Antipolo) Lime Rock Phosphate

1.57 3.04 2.88

Treatments
NPK Crotalaria juncea + NPK Chicken Dung + NPK Mudpress + NPK Lime + NPK Rock Phosphate + NK Mudpress + 75% NPK Chicken Dung + 75% NPK Mudpress + Chicken Dung + Lime + 50% NPK Mudpress + Chicken Dung + Biozome + 50% NPK Mudpress + Chicken Dung + Azospirillum + 50% NPK

METHODOLOGY

LOCATION: SRA LGAREC SOIL TYPE: GUIMBALAON SANDY LOAM TEST VARIETY: Phil 93-2349 DESIGN: STRIP PLOT

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Sugar rendement (LKg/TC), tonnage (TC/Ha) and sugar yield (LKg/Ha) of Phil 93-2349
TREATMENT NPK C. juncea + NPK Chicken Dung + NPK Mudpress + NPK Lime + NPK Rock Phosphate + NP*K Trash + NPK Mudpress + 75% NPK Chicken Dung + 75% NPK Mudpress + Chicken Dung + lime + 50% NPK Mudpress + Chicken Biozome + 50% NPK Mudpress + Chicken Azospirillum + 50% NPK C.F. C.V. (%) Dung Dung + + LKg/TC LKg/TC 1.80 1.77 1.91 1.86 1.98 1.96 1.85 1.85 1.82 1.93 1.86 1.93 1.47ns 5.00 TC/Ha 99.34 95.48 96.37 92.45 94.85 103.18 87.94 97.93 100.42 97.53 98.07 96.39 <1 8.80 LKg/Ha LKg/Ha 179.93 168.88 185.77 172.87 187.09 201.93 162.65 184.46 179.47 189.73 182.24 191.22 1.15ns 9.40

Stalk length, stalk diameter, weight per stalk and total number of millable stalks at harvest of Phil 93-2349
TREATMENT NPK C. juncea + NPK Chicken Dung + NPK Mudpress + NPK Lime + NPK Rock Phosphate + NP*K Trash + NPK Mudpress + 75% NPK Chicken Dung + 75% NPK Mudpress + Chicken Dung + lime + 50% NPK Mudpress + Chicken Dung + Biozome + 50% NPK Mudpress + Chicken Azospirillum + 50% NPK C.F. C.V. (%) Dung + Stalk length(cm) length(cm) 450.58 457.05 439.25 447.72 448.45 473.75 410.14 454.08 465.53 457.25 453.92 458.44 1.36ns 5.20 Stalk diameter(cm) diameter(cm) 2.56 2.68 2.44 2.54 2.58 2.51 2.59 2.51 2.66 Weight/stalk (Kg) 1.39ab 1.50bcd 1.41abc 1.50bcd 1.31a 1.57d 1.47bcd 1.45abcd 1.50bcd 1.53bcd 1.55cd 1.56cd 2.80* 5.40 Total millableStalks 515.00 458.30 493.00 442.00 518.30 475.00 431.30 480.30 493.70 459.70 456.00 435.30 1.41ns 9.10

201.93 2.59 LKg/Ha

2.50 2.58 1.10ns 4.40

ns not significant * significant at 5% level DMRT In a column means followed by the same letter are not significantly different at 1% probability level by DMRT.

Plant height and number of tillers per stool of Phil 93-2349 @ 6 MAP
TREATMENT (Kg/Ha) NPK C. juncea + NPK Chicken Dung + NPK Mudpress + NPK Lime + NPK Rock Phosphate + NP*K Trash + NPK Mudpress + 75% NPK Chicken Dung + 75% NPK Mudpress + Chicken Dung + lime + 50% NPK Mudpress + Chicken Biozome + 50% NPK Mudpress + Chicken Azospirillum + 50% NPK C.F. C.V. (%) Dung Dung + + Plant height (cm) 235.50 238.37 241.63 241.80 247.40 235.53 232.40 231.67 230.17 231.73 232.30 246.10 <1 4.50 Tiller number 5.17a 4.47de 5.03abc 4.70bcde 4.80abcde 4.37e 4.77abcde 4.83abcd 4.67cde 4.60cde 4.47de 5.13ab 3.72** 4.90

** significant at 1% level In a column means followed by the same letter are not significantly different at 5% probability level by DMRT.

Soil Analysis before planting and after harvesting of plant cane.

Treatments NPK C. Juncea + NPK C. Dung + NPK Mudpress + NPK Lime + NPK Rock Phosphate + NP*K Trash + NPK Mudpress + 75% NPK Chicken Dung + 75% NPK Mudpress + C. Dung + Lime + 50% NPK Mudpress + C. Dung + Biozome + 50% NPK Mudpress + C. Dung + Azospirillum + 50% NPK CF CV (%) Initial Soil Analysis Soil pH 5.20 5.20 5.20 5.20 5.30 5.1 5.0 5.10 5.20 5.20 5.20 5.10 <1 2.20 5.5 Soil O.M. (%) 3.39ab 3.12a 3.02a 3.08a 3.07a 3.27ab 3.88bc 3.95bc 4.21c 4.33c 4.35c 4.20c 6.19** 10.40 3.22 Soil P (ppm) 22.30bcd 33.70d 32.70d 27.70d 20.00abc 15.30abc 9.70a 9.70a 11.70ab 15.00ab 22.70bcd 8.00a 5.44** 34.90 19 Soil K (ppm) 206.00abc 272.70c 237.70bc 209.70abc Soil Ca (ppm) 1379bcde 1618e 1475de 1318bcde Soil Mg (ppm) 127cde 166e 138de 91abcd Soil Al (ppm) 140abc 128a 134ab 133ab 135abc 156cd 155bcd 166d 166d 176de 189e 171de 8.17** 7.80 71

This result indicates that 158.70ab 1394bcde 74abc mudpress and chicken 154.00ab 1046ab 79abcd dung as inorganic 135.00a 926a 56ab fertilizer substitute 129.30a 1072abc 30a improves the OM content 143.00a 1186abcd 97bcd of the soil
149.70a 152.70ab 188.00abc 2.95* 25.50 125 1428cde 1479de 1524de 3.56** 15.00 860 86abcd 127cde 128cde 4.19** 32.50 106

Cost analysis of the different fertilization package.

Treatments Production Cost/Ha 56,134.55 55,632.75 Additional input cost 0 3,400.00 Additional labor cost 0 1,600.00 500.00 500.00 500.00 0 500 1,000.00 1,000.00 2,000.00 2,000.00 2,000.00 Total Production Cost 56,134.55 60,632.75 57,248.45 55,738.85 57,050.85 57,503.75 55,152.55 54,602.36 55,926.06 55,201.46 54,271.66 54,053.26

NPK C. Juncea + NPK C. Dung + NPK

55,748.45 1,000.00 The 40 kg/Ha seeds of CJ as green manure intercrop could Mudpress + NPK 55,238.85 FREE provide 15-20 T fresh herbage Lime + NPK 55,550.85 1,000.00 yield and when turned back into Rock Phosphate + NPK 54,708.75 2,795.00 the soil will approximately give Trash + NPK 54,652.55 FREE 75-100 kg N equivalent to 3-4 Mudpress + 75% NPKbags of urea (Gerardino et. al.) 53,602.36 FREE Chicken Dung + 75% NPK Mudpress + C. Dung + Lime + 50% NPK Mudpress + C. Dung + Biozome + 50% NPK Mudpress + C. Dung + Azospirillum + 50% NPK 53,926.06 51,201.46 51,271.66 51,053.26 1,000.00 2,000.00 1,000.00* 1,000.00*

*input cost excluded (Biozome/Azospirillum)

Cost and benefit analysis of the different fertilization package.

LKg/Ha LKg/Ha Planters Share Gross Benefit (Planters share x P1060/LKg) 123,967 116,356 127,995 119,112 128,906 139,125 Production Cost Net Benefit

Treatments

NPK C. Juncea + NPK C. Dung + NPK Mudpress + NPK Lime + NPK Rock Phosphate + NP*K Trash + NPK Mudpress + 75% NPK

116.95 109.77 120.75 112.37 121.61 131.25

56,134.55 60,632.75 57,248.45 55,738.85 57,050.85 57,503.75

67,832.45 55,723.25 70,746.55 63,373.15 71,855.15 81,621.25 72,491.64 67,732.94 75,517.54 71,295.34 77,693.74

In the study of Gerardino, 119.90 127,094 54,602.36 fertilizing your sugarcane plant Chicken Dung + 75% NPK crop with116.66phosphate will 55,926.06 123,659 rock 75% of Mudpress + C. Dung + Lime help you save up to130,719 the P + 50% 123.32 55,201.46 NPK requirement in the succeeding four Mudpress + C. Dung + Biozome + croppings. 118.46 125,567 54,271.66
50% NPK Mudpress + C. Dung + Azospirillum + 50% NPK 124.29 131,747 54,053.26

RECOMMENDATION
At plant cane, Phil 93-2349 planted in Guimbalaon sandy loam soil fertilized with different combination of organic and inorganic fertilizer did not show significant differences in yield. However, using rock phosphate as source of P fertilizer plus N and K produced the highest LKg/Ha (201.93) and likewise gave more than 81,000 pesos net benefit. This is a long term study (5 years) hence, build-up and availability of essential elements must be monitored every cropping. However, result of the plant cane showed that only the soil pH after harvest were comparable among various treatments while OM, P, K, Ca, Mg and Al significantly differ.

THE END

GREEN MANURING PLANT

CROTALARIA JUNCEA

Total N Uptake of green manures as obtained from various field experiments

Green Manure Crop Age when turned in (days) 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 56 56 45 60 60 60 Total N added (kg/ha) 225 169 115 75 63 45 33 176 144 75 219 171 156 Reference

S. Aculeata C. juncea Glycine max Vigna radiata Dolichos lablab Indigofera tinctoria Cajanus cajan S. Rostrata S. Aculeata Vigna radiata S. Rostrata S. cannabina #1 S. cannabina #2

Meelu at. al. (1985)

Finoc et. al. (1985) Morris et. al. (1986) Morris et. al. (1987) Cited by Ladha et. al. (1987)

PULLING OUT OF CROTALARIA JUNCEA AND LAYING AT THE BASE OF SUGARCANE

The intercrop was pulled out, laid at the base of the main crop and covered with soil by plowing-in

TURNING UNDER OF GREEN MANURE BY PLOWING

BROADCAST APPLICATION OF LIME AFTER FIRST PLOWING

Lime application in the furrow

Covering of lime applied in the furrow

MILL WASTE

PILE OF MUDPRESS

MILL WASTE

DECOMPOSER

PILE OF MUDPRESS WITH DECOMPOSER

SITES OF LIME QUARRY IN NEGROS

Sagay

Escalante

Calatrava Kabankalan Dancalan Guihulngan

Cauayan

Sipalay

Sugar rendement (LKg/TC) of Phil 93-2349 under varying fertilizer combination 1.98
2 1.95 1.9 1.85 1.8 1.75 1.7 1.65

LKg/TC
NPK C. juncea + NPK C. Dung + NPK Mudpress + NPK Lime + NPK R. Phosphate + NP*K NPK Mudpress + 75% NPK C. Dung + 75% NPK Mudpress + C. Dung + Lime + 50% NPK Mudpress + C. Dung + Biozome + 50% NPK Mudpress + C. Dung + Azospirillum + 50 % NPK

Tonnage (TC/Ha) of Phil 93-2349 under varying fertilization package 103.18

105 100 95 90 85 80

TC/Ha
NPK C. juncea + NPK C. Dung + NPK Mudpress + NPK Lime + NPK R. Phosphate + NP*K NPK Mudpress + 75% NPK C. Dung + 75% NPK Mudpress + C. Dung + Lime + 50% NPK Mudpress + C. Dung + Biozome + 50% NPK Mudpress + C. Dung + Azospirillum + 50% NPK

Sugar yield (LKg/Ha) of Phil 93-2349 under varying fertilization package

250 200 150 100 50 0

201.93

LKg/Ha
NPK C. juncea + NPK C. Dung + NPK Mudpress + NPK Lime + NPK R. Phosphate + NP*K NPK Mudpress + NPK C. Dung + 75% NPK Mudpress + C. Dung + Lime + 50% NPK Mudpress + C. Dung + Biozome + 50% NPK Mudpress + C. Dung + Azospirillum + 50% NPK

Soil temperature and % moisture of leaf sheath of Phil 932349 applied with different combinations of inorganic, organic fertilizer and inoculant.
Treatment NPK (140-70-120) Crotalaria juncea(40kg/ha) + NPK Chicken dung + NPK Mudpress (10T) + NPK Lime (2tons) + NPK Rockphosphate + NPK Mudpress + 75% NPK Chicken dung(1ton) + 75% NPK Mudpress + Chicken dung + lime + 50% NPK Mudpress + Chicken dung + Biozome + 50% NPK Mudpress + Chicken dung + Azospirillum + 50% NPK Soil temperature 27.75 28.25 28.25 27.83 27.83 27.75 27.83 27.75 27.92 27.83 27.83 % Moisture of leaf sheath 78.47 80.69 80.75 81.55 80.57 81.02 80.26 81.03 80.16 80.10 80.37

Stalk Diameter & Weight/Stalk of Phil 93-2349 under varying fertilization package
3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0

Stalk Diameter

Weight/Stalk

NPK C. juncea + NPK C. Dung + NPK Mudpress + NPK Lime + NPK R. Phosphate + NP*K NPK Mudpress + 75% NPK C. Dung + 75% NPK Mudpress + C. Dung + Lime + 50% NPK Mudpress + C. Dung + Biozome + 50% NPK Mudpress + C. Dung + Azospirillum + 50% NPK

Stalk Length & Total millable stalks of Phil 93-2349 under varying fertilization package
600 500 400 300 200 100 0

Stalk Length

Total Millable Stalks

NPK C. juncea + NPK C. Dung + NPK Mudpress + NPK Lime + NPK R. Phosphate + NPK NPK Mudpress + 75% NPK C. Dung + 75% NPK Mudpress + C. Dung + Lime + 50% NPK Mudpress + C. Dung + Biozome + 50% NPK Mudpress + C. Dung + Azospirillum + 50% NPK

Functions of soil organic matter

1. It acts as a storehouse for nutrients 2. It increases exchange capacity 3. It provides energy for microorganism activity 4. It releases carbon dioxide 5. It increases water holding capacity 6. Stabilizes structure and improves tilth 7. It provides surface protection and thus reduces crusting and increases infiltration 8. It reduces the effect of compaction 9. It buffers the soil against rapid changes in acidity, alkalinity and salinity.