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*The last three symbols are finals not letters. There are 24 Greek letters but to make up for the necessary number equivalents the final "s" or , called "stigma", was designated for the number 6. For some unexplained reason it was taken as a number symbol for 6 out of the letter sequence. Two arbitrary symbols were also added called respectively Koppa, for 90, and Sampi, for 900. All these symbols are now obsolete and are no longer included in the Greek alphabet. Stigma (uppercase , lowercase ) is a ligature of the Greek letters "sigma" and "tau". The lower case stigma is similar in appearance to final sigma (), but the top loop tends to be larger, and extends farther to the right. Qoppa(uppercase , lowercase ) is also an obsolete letter of the Greek alphabet and had a numeric value of 90. It has been attested in early Aeolic and Boeotian scripts, but became altogether extinct by pre-Classical times. There are two very different glyphs for qoppa: "archaic Qoppa" (, ) used to write words and "Numeric Qoppa" (, ) used in modern Greek legal documentation. Qoppa was originally borrowed from the Phoenicians, who had q in their language. It was later imported into the Etruscan alphabet, and was eventually adopted into the Latin alphabet in its current form, "Q". It was also adopted into the early Cyrillic alphabet as koppa. Sampi (uppercase, lowercase ) is an obsolete letter of the Greek alphabet that had the numerical value of 900 when used as a mathematical character. The name "sampi" seems to come from [o]sn p: "like pi." Another name formerly used for this archaic
Value 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 9
Letter
Value 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Name qoph resh shin tau (taw) koph mem nun pe tsaddi (sadhe)
Letter
Value 100 200 300 400 500* 600* 700* 800* 900*
* last 5 symbols are finals not letters. The Hebrew alphabet consists of 22 letters. The 5 finals were added to make up three series of 9 or 27 symbols to provide adequate number equivalents.
ah (')
2. beth 3. gimel 4. daleth 5. he 6. vau (waw) 7. zayin 8. cheth 9. teth 10. yod 11. kaph
b, v g d h v z ch t y k, ch
13. mem 14. nun 15. samekh 16. ayin 17. pe 18. tsaddi (sadhe) 19. qoph 20. resh 21. shin 22. tau (taw)
m n s ah (') p, f ts k r sh t