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MyFutureCareer. .....34
ThePriceofFame .....43
FriendshipandFrier.rds .......46
Fashion ........49
Shopping. ......53
AttheDoctor's. .......56
HealthyLifestyleandHealthyEating .... ...61
EatingOut... ...64
E n t e r t a i n m e n t a nLde i s u r e A c t i v i t i e s ...... .68
GlobalProblemsoftheWorld ..... ..71
S c i e n t i f i c a n d T e c h n o l o gPi cr a
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MassMedia in the Modern World. . . . .76
FamilyRelations. .....79
TravelandTourisrn.... ......84
S t a y i n g i n aH o t e l ......90
Advertising .....92
Books ...95
Art: Paintingsand Painters. . . . 98
Environmentallssues ..101
ExtremeSports .......104
The Role of Young Peoplein Modern Society . . . . . 108
LivinginaBigCity.. ..113
CrimeandPunishment. .....117

Ta6ruqa-c"ronoo6pa:oraHr{e
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O6anropax .......129
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Name:
Grade:
My achievements

Speaking Writing Writing

Vocabu- Teacher's
Ne TOPIC (Student (personal (composi- Notes
lary check signature
card) letter) tion)
I Education
2 Mv FutureCareer
3 The Priceof Fame
4 Friendshipand Friends
f Fashion
6 Shopping
7 At the Doctor's
HealthyLifestyle
8
and HealthyEating
9 EatingOut
Entertainment
r0 and LeisureActivities
Global Problems
11
of the World
Scientific and Technoloeical
tz Prosress
Mass Media
13
in the Modern World
t 4 Family relations
l 5 Travel and Tourism
l 6 Stayingin a Hotel
l 7 Advertising
1 8 Books
Art:
19
Paintings
and Painters
20 EnvironmentalIssues
2l Extreme Sports
The Role of Young Peoplein
22
Modern Societv
23 Living in a Big City
24 Crime and Punishment
{0 PEKOM ETUIAU'I I4 TIO HATII{ CAHI,Irc fI I4Cb MA JII4q H OTO XAPAKTEPA
(3AI,UrUE 39)

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Harrp]rrviep:
SaintPetersburg
Russia
LI]ILI
St. Petersburg
Russia
- fIoA a,(pecoM,npoilycrr{B crpoKv, Heo6xonuN{oHanHcarbnary rr{cbMa:

June7th,2015
7 June2015

IrJrr{MeHeeo$lruualrno:
07/06/rs
- flucruo Haqr,rHaercq o6parueHna.flpe4cranlre, qro
c HeoQurtua,-rbHoro BbI III{II-| HTe HaCTO.StUeMy
lpyry, a 3HaKoMbrx
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rro uMeHIr.

Dear Tim,
Dear Rebecca.

flocre o6pauteu nq o6q:are,'rrFrocrasurcq :an.flra-q!

- Pa3Ae,'Ifire
reKcr cBoefo rrl{cbMaHa HecKor'tbKo
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c <pacuoii crpoKr{.

l. B repeor\aa6:aue saNrcreayer no6,raronapr{rscsoero,rpyra:a ero nuclN{o:

Thanks (a lot) for your (last) letter.
I was glad to get your letter.
It was great to hear from you! / It was great to hear that... / I was happyto hear...
Bbt Nroxere rarcKelr:gllHI4rLcq ra ro. qro He rll{cturrlpilHbrrre:
Sorry I haven'twritten for so long but... / Sorry, I haven'tbeenin touch for so long.
I'm sorry I haven't answeredearlier but I was really busywith my school.
14/vnu yroM.sHlrb raxoit-;ru6o Saxr u3 roryqeHHoro rucL,Nla:
I'm gladyou passedyour History test!
Soundslike you had a great time in London!
Greatnewsaboutyour...!
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irorntluttfi nepexo.rl
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Sorry, I haveto do my homework.
I haveto go now becausemy Mum askedme to help her with the washingup.
I've got to go now! It's time for my favoriteTV show.
14ynovqHlrr o lanuueriurrr xoHraxrax:
Write back soon.
Take care and keepin touch.
Drop me a letter when you can.
Hope to hear from you soon.
I can't wait to hear from vou!

- B roHue ru{ct'Ma Ha orAeJ'rbHoft crpoxe yKa3brBaerc.rr3aBeprilarcuranSpa:a-Krrulre. lloc,re Hed

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BaplraHroB:
1) All the best,
2) Best wishes,
3) Yours.

- Ha c,re41rouefrcrpoKe troA 3aBepuauueft Spa:olr yKa3brBaerctrtrue. aBropa (6e: @arraramtut).

Hanpurrep:
Andrew vtmKate
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 O NEMOHCTPAIII4OHHbII4BAPI{AHTJIUTIHOTOfII4CbMA

This is a part of a letterfrom Sheryl,-voLrr pen-friend.

English-speaking

...My friend and I are planning to stort a new hobby but we haven't decidedyet what hobby to
choose.Do you haveony hobbies?Do youfeel you haveenoughtimefor hobbies?Wut hobbiesare popular
with teenagersin your country?Are there any hobbiesyou'd like to take up?
Asfor my schoolexams,they sre almost over und I'm lookingforward to my summer break...

Writebackto Sheryl.
In yourletter
o answerherquestions
. abouther plansfor the summer
ask3 questions

Write100-140words.
Remember the rulesof letterwritine.

St.Petersburg
Russia

8/06/20rs

Dear Sheryl,
Thankyoufor the letter.Sorry I haven'tbeenin touchfor so long.
Youask me abouthobbiesthat arepopular with Russianteens.Many teens
are interestedin music and playing computergameswhile othersare into doing
sports.Asfor me, m))hobbyis cooking.I collecttraditional Russianrecipesand
cook thesedishes. I feel I don't have enoughtimefor my hobbyos I've got too
much homework.If I had morefree time,I'd take upphotography.
Anyway, it's great that schoolis nearly over. Wat are you going to do in
summer?Are you going to spendtime with your parents?Wouldyou like to visit
othercountries?
Sorry, I've got to get readyfor my piano class.Write back soon.

All the best,

Alina
137 words
o JIEKCTIKA,HEOBXOAT{MAfl Anfl HATIWCAHI,'.fl,JII{qHOIO III,ICbMA

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yKa3brBaeTcqB flpaBo]t
AApec Russia
BepxHeN,r
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Date flol aapecoMAara 9thSeptember2015
nara
Greeting C Hosoit crpoKr{ DearJohn,
nI{cbMo Har{HHaeTcq
O6paureHrae DearMary,
c o6paurennq,
nocre
KOTOpOTOCTaBqT
3arrflTyro

Introduction Ccu,rxa Ha rrpeAbrr;ruIue Thankyoufor your last letter. It wasgreat/ovelyto

Ha.Iano [ucbMa KOHTaKTbI, rne aBTOp: hearfrom you.
6larolaplrr aApecara that I haven'twrittento you...
I'm sorr_v
3a lron)^{eHHoe paHee
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Greatto hearfromyou again....Sorry,
I haven't
qTo He lll,lci]'ir paHbil]e
writtento you solong.
It's beenagessinceI heardfromyou.
Thanksso much for your longletter.Sorryfor not
replyingto yousoonerbut I've beenverybusy.
Sorryfor not replyingearlier.
Main Body B neli no,rxurr 6rrrr In yourletteryouaskedmeabout.
pacKpbrTbrBce ac[eKTbr,
OcHoeuaq I waspleasedto hearthat ....
nt{cbMa )xa3aHHble B 3a.4aHr.rH,
T. e. AaHbroTBeTbrHa Bce
I wasgladto hearthatyou ...
BO[pOCbr[ncbMa

Conclusion Asrop yfloN{r.{Haero Pleasewrite to me soon, and tell me all your news.
Koueu rrr{cbN{a lalr,Herlufl.rxKoHTaKTax If you want to know any'thingelse,just drop me a
line.
That's all my newsfor now...Writeback soon.
Pleasegive my regardsto your...And write and tell
m e a l l y o u rp l a n sf o r . . .
I would reallylike to seeyou. Why don't you come
and visit me. Do write back soon.
Ending 9ra $para 3atshcur Bestwishes,
3aeepruarcruaa or creneHr.{6,uu:ocru All thebest,
aBTOpat{ anpecaTa,
@pa:a rrHcbN,ra Yours,
rocJreuee BCEIAA
CTABI,{TCq 3AIlflTAfl,

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coqHHeHr.Iq

make an introduction (statethe problem)

expressyour personalopinion and give 2-3 reasonsfor your opinion
expressan opposingopinion and give l-2 reasonsfor this opposingopinion
explainwhy you don't agreewith the opposingopinion
make(draw)a conclusionrestatingyour position

l) Make an introduction
Bo BcryrlneHr.rprueo6xonuuo rr€irKo coopiuyxhpoBarb reN,{y-npo6J'reN,ry, yKa3aB. qro
cyuecrBylor nBe nporrlBononorKHbre roqKu 3peHrl{ ua npo6,relry (Some peopleclaim that mobile
phonesare very usefuldeviceswhileothersarguethat life could be lessstressfirlwithout them.)
Bcryn:renne HE.[o,rxHo c,rosos c,qosonoeropqrb :alaHu]4o relr]t co.ruHeHl.rq. no3ToMyHeo6xonuuo
nepe$pasupoBarbnaHHyroBaM TeMy coquHeHu.rr. Pexoueurtyerc.snepBoe npeAno)KeHuec.rlenarb
o6o6ularoruunr. Hanpuuep: Thereis no denyingthe fact that mobile phoneshavebecomean inseparable
part of our lives.

2) Expressyour personalopinion and give 2-3 reasonsfor your opinion

Bo nropotl a6:aue Bbt,qo-rt;KHbl
nplr.uep)KuBarL'csro.rtbKoOIHOff TorlKIt3peHIIq,Hailpltl\tep:Mobile
phones,in my opirriorr,are very usefuldevices.I4II4I considerthe mobile phone to be a harmful and
uselessinvention.
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co6ctseFrFroe MHeHr{e.

3) Expressan opposingopinion and give l-2 reasonsfor this opposingopinion.

B rperr,ev a6raue ueo6xoauno [pr4Becrr.{ nponlBono,[o)KHbre saueii TorrKH3peHuq(1-2) c
Ilpunep: However,some peoplethink that mobiie phones not only keep you in touch
apr-!r\,{eHraMu.
with your relativesand friends but also provide vou with a great number of tacilities.flo*rHure, uro
a6sau HE Moxer cocroqrr !r: 1 npennoxeun.q.flo-rrxHo 6lrrr 2-3 flpe.[Jro)keHr.{fl.

U
4) Explain why you don't agreewith the opposingopinion
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a6:auenr.
PeroueuayeMoeHaqtu'ro4 a6:aua:
I cannot agreewith the statement/statements abovebecause...
I do not supportthe above idea/ideasas...

5) Make (draw) a conclusionrestatingyour position

B saKnloqeuuuHeo6xoauMocnenarb BbrBon.o6partrnurncl,K 3anaHuorln l-rnr uaparpa@erelre.
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3peHH_fl.
Hanpuvep: <All in all, there are differentpoints of view on this problem. I thinkthat...> u,ru <,Taking
ever)'thinginto consideration,there are trvo differentpoints of view on this problem.I believethat...>

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KaK qacTb rl}{cbMeHHoro3a.[aHuq.

12
 C NEMOHCTPAIII4OHHbII4 BAPI4AHTCOTII4HEHVIfl,<MOEMHEHtrIE>

Parentsmust be strict with their little children.

What is your opinion?Do you agreewith the statement?

There is no denying the fact that all porentsfeel responsibilityfor their

children. Somepeople think that strict rules are the only way to teach a child
how to bepolite,patient and kind. Otherscloim that kids shouldn'tbe broughtup
under totalparents'control.

PersonallyI believethat it is betterto avoid beingstrict wilh little children.

Firstly, almost all children try to disobeyparents' rules ond everypunishment
only makes them angry, and doesnot improvetheir personalities.Secondly,I
think that parents' behaviouris the bestexamplefor their children and it cannot
be comparedwith any rule sinceeverykid wantsto havemuch in commonwith
his/her motherandfather.

However,somepeopleclaim thot beingraisedin a strictfamily lets a child

hovebetterfutureopportunities.Theyare surethat strictfamily rulesmoy help to
improvea child'spersonalityin o proper wq).

I cannotogreewith the aboveopinionas thesepeoplefail to understandthat

totql controland strict rulesonly lead to mistrustond misunderstandingbetween
parentsand children.At this rate kids cannotfeel free to showtheir talentsond
desireswhich meansthat their personalitiescannotbe developed properly.

Thking everythinginto consideration,there are two opposingpoints of view

on theproblemof strict attitudetowordslinle children.As I seeit, parentsshould
not be strict and rude with their kids, theyhaveto be tenderand sympathetic.

246 words

l-1
 AEM OH CTPAUlr OH Hbr Iz BApI'IAHT COqr{ H EIJ'utfl," M OE M H EHtI E"

Beinggivenpocket ntoneyteachesreenogersto be resportsible.

What is -vouropinion?Do you agreewith the statement?

The problem oJ'gettingpocket money has alwaysbeen very importantfor

youngsters.Some people think that teenagersbecomemore responsibleond
sensiblegettingpocketmonq). Othersclairn that youngpeoplecannot deal with
moneyand believethey wasteit on uselessthings.

In my opinion, gettingpocket moneyis important. It helpsteenagersto learn

how to plan their budget.Thereare a lot of thingstheywant to spendtheir monq)
on, but the amountof moneyis limited.Moreoyer,teenagers getinformotionabout
the costof living. It helpsthem to realize whatjob to choosein thefuture to eorn
enoughmoneyfor everythingthey want to get.

On the otherhand, manypeoplesoythot teenagers

wastepocketmoney.They
cloim that youngstersspendhours in shoppingmalls buying numeroususeless
things.Moreover,somepeoplearguethat teenagers haveno idea of how dfficutt
monq) is eorned.

I do not supportthe abovestatements.

Firstly,teenagers
don't wastemoneyon
clothesbecouselookingsmart andfashionableis very importonttoday.Besides,
theypayfor mobilephonesand the Internet.Secondly,maq) teenagers know that
earningmonq) is not easybecausethey havepart-timejobs and reolizethat it is
essentialto makegoodmoney,to be hardworking,reliableand intelligent.

All thingsconsidered,thereare two opposingpointsof viewon theproblemof

gettingpocket money.I believethot parentsshouldgive teenagers pocket money
becausesensiblespendingof it teachesyoungpeopleo lot.

25l words

l4
c HEOEXOAT4MAfln'Ilfl HAITI4CAHI4flCOqrrHEHI4.fl <MOE MHEHr{E>
JIEKCTTKA"

I a6rau BeorHlre 0parbr

. I t i s p o p u l a r l yb e l i e v e dt h a t . . .
. It is often suggested ribelievedthat..
. Peopleoften claim that
. Sontepeoplearguethat...
o A l o t o f p e o p l et h i n k t h a t . . .
. Many peopleare in favorof idea
. Somepeopleare convincedthat...

2 a6zat (Dpa:rr. sblpilKalorltrlecBO

o In my opinion...
o I think that...
o I (strongly)believethat...
o In my view...
o To my mind...
r To my way of thinking...
(Dpasrr.xaparrepr.r:yro ulle npeu Nryurecreao6cy)Knaeuorirpo6,'reNrn:
. As alreadystatedI'm in favourof... for a number of reasons...
. There are many thingsto be said in favourof...
. T h e b e s t /t h i n ga b o u t . .i .s . . .
.Qpa:lr. nepe'rucxqn
. F i r s t l y ,/ F i r s t o f a l l . . .
. In the first place
o To startwith, / To beginwith,
r Secondly,Thirdly, Finally.
e Last but not least.
@pa:rr,gobaBnrlau.ugH le apr)'\{eHrbr:
o Furthermore./Moreover, AVhat is more,
o In addition to this/that...
o B e s i d e s/ ., . . a l s o . . .
. Apaft fi'om this /that...
. . . . . . . . I . r toot m e n t i o nt h e f a c t t h a t

3 a6rau @pa:sr. lLrr grrpaxeHuq nporneono-loxuo r:iro.{ xil 3peHr{rr

. However.somepeoplebelieve/ claim that...
. O n t h e o t h e rh a n d ,s o m ep e o p i ea r g u et h a t . . .
. It hasbecomefashionablcfor somepeopleto argr-re that..,

4 a6sau Apacllj;r,q BllpaxgElllr- u eco r-racrrq c n por u eon o,roxH o l:tto.{ xo li :p eHIIq
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. I disagree w i t h t h i s p o i n t o f v i e w ( s t a t e m e n to. p i n i o n )b e c a u s e
t h e s ep e o p l ef o r g e tt h a t . . .
o A s o p p o s e dt o t h e a b o v ei d e a s .I b e l i e v et h a t . . .
o C o n t r a r l ' t ou ' h a tm o s t p e o p l eb e l i e v e .I t h i n k t h a t . . .
r I do not full)'suppolt the aboveideasbecar-rse...

5 a6ran 3ar.tpqure,nsHure 0paru BbrpaxeHrre.rn.rHe{a\rHQHlJq.

. In conclusiolt. r I n m y o p i n i o n .t h i s s u b j e c it s v e r y
r On the wliole. controversial.
. To concludc. . In m)'view...
. To sumup, . T o m - vm i n d . . .
. All in all. . T o n r ) ' w a yo f t h i n k i n g . . .
r A l l t h i n g sc o n s i d e
red. . P e r s o n a l l Iy b e l i e v et h a t . . .
. Finally. . l t s t r i k e sm e t h a t . . .
o Lastl)', . I f - e esl t r o n g l it h a t . . .
o Taking ever}-tllinginto account, . I t : e e n r st o m e t h a t .
. Taking everythinginto cortsideratiott . As lar as I am concerned...

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 O TIPPIMETIAHI{fl

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+ OIIIIIBKI,I
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u,rrr{Mecror{naesufi
Log (logic) - orclrcrBr,rei'roruKr,rB rroBecrBoBaHrrur
Sp (spelling)- ourn6xv B npaBonHcaHnH
P (punctuation) - olru6ru B rryHKryaur{u
WO (word order) - orur.r6ruB nop.{nKec-lroBB npe.rlrro)KeHuu

19
g pEKoMEHAAIIT{I4rlo BbIIIoJ'IHEHITIo3MAHrlIf ycrHoIa.IAcrI,I Ero
<IOBOPEHI{E>(3AnAHpIfl 41,42, 43,44\

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roqB,tqrbc.s oAHo 3a npyfr{M Ha 3KpaHe KoN,rnbrorepa, 3K3aMeHyeulril HaroBapr.{Baer orBer B
ulrxpo$ou. B xo,re aK3aMeHa 3anpeureHo Becrr.{ raxrae-,rn6o 3anr4cr{, Ha noAroroBKy K KaxIoMy
3a.[aHHIo Aaejrcq 1,5-2 ur.rHlrrt. 3ro o6yc,roa;reHo crpeN,r-rreHrreM
rrpoBepr{TbcnoHTaHHy}o, a He
rIoaroroB,TeHHlro pe q L'.
VcrHa.s qacrb Ef3 cocrorrr rt3 verupeix :a,qaslni (e KI:lMax oHu uMenm o6osna,aeuunrcarc
sadauu4 e1,42,43,44).
O6uree BpeM.sorBera o.rlHofo3K3aI{eHyeN.loro (nx,rrovaqBpeMqHa nonroroBKy) - l5 uuH1r.
Kaxroe nocnenyrcuee 3anaHHeeruaiirc.s troc,qeoKoHr{aHlrflBbrrroJ'rHeHr{q npenbuyuero 3aAaHu.fl.
Bcd npev-a orBera seldrcs at'.1ilo3anncl. flocrapalirecr rrorrrHocrbroBbrrro,THurbrlocraBJreHHbre
3aAarIH,crapar)irecr roBopl{Tb gcHo H .rdrxo, He orxoAlrrb or reMbl Id c;reAoBarbnpe&rro)KeHHoMy
nnaHy orBera. Tax sbt cMo)r(ereua6parr Han6o,rr,rueeKo,rrr.rqecrso
6arriron.

O 3AnaHlapI (41)
3aaaune I - .{reune Bcr,-rp{
se6o,rluoro reKcra HaytrHo-nonynqpHoroxapaKTepa.BpenaxHa
nonroroBKy- l,5 unHytr. Bpeua Bbrror'rHeH[q3ar,aHritr roxe l,5 nuuymr, To ecrb:a l,5 Mr.rHyrbr
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ilonyqaereI 6a,r,r.npII HeBbrrroirHeHrrr{
3anaHrrq - 0 6a,r,,roe.
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a) 4onycu.rre6o:ree5,llo6ux olru6ox B npou3HotxeHr4u;
6) 6yaere nocroflHHo 3anr,rHarbc.rr
14.ue,[arbnay3brraN{.r,fe r{x He no,rxHo 6rrrl, BcneAcrBr4e
qero BaruapeqbcraHer rpynHo nou-flruori.

Texno,rorugBbInoJ'IHeHHq
sa.[aHugI
o ilpoquraiire rercr 3anaHlrqnpo ce6r rr.ltr rueinoroNr;BbrnenurerpynHbreAnq npon3HorrreHr{fl
cnoBa;no4ylrai.rreo6 uHrosaur.iu;o6paura-fl u 6er:rocrbpeqH.
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flpaBunbHot4crto-[b3yl"tre
HHToHaun]o,He Hap]/ulal:ire
uoplttl npol43HottleHH.tI
ciroB.

O6paaeqsaAaHnqI
Imaginethat you are preparinga projectwith your friend.You havefoundsomeinteresting
materialfor the presentationandyouwantto readthis text to yourfriend.Youhave1.5 minutesto
readthe text silently,thenbe readyto readit out aloud.Youwill not havemorethan 1.5minutesto
readit.

...You don't see many birds in winter. Most have left your area.Those that stay are not as
active.Activit-vusesenergythat is neededto keepwarm. The worst problemsfor birds in winter are
gettirlgenoughheatand holdingon to the heatorrceit is made.Theseare problernsfor all birds.
But it is especiallytrue for rerv small ones.The1,'cannolfind enoLrghfood. The weatherstaysso
cold for so long that thel'cAnnot eat enoughto keepalive. But birds havemany waysof fighting
tlie cold.
You shiverto keepwarm.The heirtthat r oLrmakeis mademostlvin your muscles. Tlie muscles
make nrore heat wherrthcl'arc iicti\e. So one rval'of keepingr,varmis to r.rlove
aborrt,useyour
i nruscles. Anotlrerway rs to shiver.Whcn 1'oLrrbodl' needsheat.the nrusclestightenand loosen
I luicklv. They becomeactive. Justas1'oushirerto keep\\':rrnt.so do birds.
i
I

20
 c 2 (42',,
3AnAHr4E
B :artannn 2 npeftraraercq o3HaKo\{r]Tbcsc peKraN{HrrMo6:bqs.,reHneM 14 3anarb narb
nPtMblx BoflpocoBHa ocHoBer.qroLreBbrx c"roa.Bpelrfl -
Ha no,irroroBKy 1,5 urluyrrr. 3areNrssr
nonfrure no 20 cexyHrilHaro, .{ro6113a,ir.arb
raxasrir Bonpoc.
3a npaeulrHo ianaHHbrneonpoc Bbr[oryqaere no o,itHorry6a,l-rry, a Bcero :a :a,rasne - 5
Bst ge norTyrlt{Te
6a,'L'Ioe. 6an.q:a Bonpoc,ec,rLr:
a) esr :alarrn BorrpocHe ror, rcoroprrriuaao (uanpr.r\rep.B rrepBoNr 3a,laHnilBaN,rHar,oy3Harb
Aary ornpaBreHnq,a Bbr3atraereBonpoco iare nprr6srrnn):
6) evecro nprr\,roroBorrpocaelr:anaelre rocsenFrsrri.Hanpnrrep, rperni;i nyHKr rpe6yer or
Bac Borlpocao 3aBTpaKe. flpannlsnufi aonpoc r.oJtx(eH 38) rarb c,le,ryrcruuN,r
o6pa:ou: Is breakfast
included?Ecru sst cKaxere I'd like to know if breakfastis included,ro He rro-rry.{ure
6aru. raK KaKBbl
3anarv He nprvorZ Bonpoc,a rocueHusrii:
n) no eaueir [.rHToHaunr{HeqcHo.ralaere-]rrtsbrtsonpoc.
r) elr Aonycxaere ouu6ru ( rpauuarr{r{ecKrre il,[eKcrrqecrne ), roropbre 3arpynHq]or
noH14MaHHe 3a.[,aH Hofo Bonpoca.Aprurcnu He cqura]orcs orur.r6xau l.r.

TexHororuq BbrrrorHeHu s gal'ap'us2

. Bonpocbr r,o.'r)KHu6srrr rpaN,rNrarr.rqecKr{ BepHbnru.tr4:6eral:ireHeo6ocHoBaHHbrx
[ay3 B peqn. BepHopaccraBnaiirey.lapeHr.rq, rtpaBlr;rbHo rlcro-as:fiire HHroHaulno,He uapyulatire
HOpM br npon3HolxeHI,tfc,.toB.
. BHuMare,rlbHoH3)reIrrrenpeil-[oxeHHvlo L{l,r}ocrpaunFo r{ onpe.[eJ'rl,rre,qro oHa
peK[aMr.rpyer (:ro Krr]oqeBoe cJroBonouano6rrrcsBaN{ilprr nocrpoeHnu eonpoca).
. O6parr4reBHHr\{aHHe, qro \lHorr.re{-roplr-v:rnpoBKr.r
He co,TepxarHenocpercrBeHHo
BorlpocIITeJIbHbrx cJ'roB.
florr Hure, qro croBoZlace/location nperflo-iraraer BonpocWhere...?,croso time
Bonpoc When...?, c,roso durationnpennonaraerBonpocHow long...?, c-irosocost/pricenpetnonaraer
Bonpoc How much...I c,,roeoavailability ilperfno-iraraerBofrpocIs/Are there...?
. fIoNIHI{Te,qro B 3anaHttltHeo6xo,ftir\{o rar:laBarb npr\'rbreBonpocbl.He gaqngarire
cBoil Bonpocsrc @pa: Couldyou tell ne.../ I wonder.../I wouldlike to know.
. He:a6sreaiire o roM, qro onr4HH Tor xe BonpocN{o)KHo 3artarbpa3Hbr\,rH
cnoco6anru.
How much doesthe ticket cost?What is tl-re price of the ticket?How much is the ticket?
. Ec,'tt4Bbr noHur\{aere,qro ronycrn,'Iu oxln6ry, :a.faiire ror xe Bonpoc eue pa3.
3a 20 ceKyHA,KoropbreorBorqrcq ua xaxrfnli Bonpoc. Bbr BrrorHe3To ycneere. 3acqnrau 6y,rer
14cnpaBneHuufi napuaur.

O6pa:eq tarasus,2
You are consideringstayinga night at the hotel and you'd like to
.1.,.t*r ro"lnt GreatlandscaDe txcellentservrcr
get more information. In 1.5 minutesyou are to ask five direct
b questionsto find out the following:
1) spccialoffers
2) localsights
3) numberof availablerooms
,1)list of servicesthey'provide
5) if they havea website

You have20 secondsto askeachouestion.

2l
 o IIPIIMEP BbIIIOJIHEHI,Iq 3AnAHI,Ifl 2 (BAPI'IAHTbI BOIIPOCOB)

l) Do you haveany specialoffers?

2) Are there any local sightsnearby?
3) How many rooms are available?
4) What servicesdo you provide?
5) Do you havea website?

o 3AIAHI{E 3 (43)
B :anaHun 3 npe&uaraercreu6parb orHy u: rpdx $ororpaQlrr"rll orucarb ee!ua ocsone [rraHa.
Ha rronroroBKy- 1,5 ulrulrtr. Bpevx orBera- 2 lrrrrryrsr.
Bpernln

TexHo,rornqBbInoJrHeHH q ganauug3
. B aasuoM 3aAaHr.r{ ueo6xorl.ruoonucarb rorbKo OAHy Kaprr4HKy.
. flouHure, r{To B orBere.4o,rr)KHbrrrpnc}TcrBoBarbBcryrr}rrerbr{aq(I havechosenphoto number
I and I want to tell you about it) H 3aK,rrrcr{Hre-r-rbHas
$pa:u (That is all I wanted to say about
this photo)
. Crpoiire BbIcKa3bIBaHHe crpofo rto npe[rro)KeHHoN,ry
nnaHy.He :a6srsafireo6 ucno,rb3oBaHr4H
c,rloB-c8q30rc. A-rrqycfleuIHoro BbrrroJ'IHeHl,{q3Tofo 3a.tlaHr.{s
no KaxnoMy [yHKTy rl.fiaHa
Heo6xoAuuoBbIcKa3arr3 npe,uroxeHlrq-Hren(cuHrarcnvecKHpacnpocrpaHeHHsle $pastr)
o floc,rea,oBarerbHopacxpsreaure xaxlsrri nyHKT rr,rraHa,npe,Lqara.s apryMeHTaur4lo, fne 3To
seo6xoauvo.
o He ye,reraiirecb cJ'n4rrlKor\{ or}dcaHlreMKaproHoK.TaKKaKBaMMo)KerHe xBarnrb
rllera,rlbHbrNt
BpeMeHrr.

O6paeeusatanus3

l.

Imagine that while travellingduring your holidaysyou took somephotos.Chooseone photo to present
to your friend. You will haveto start speakingin 1.5 minutesandwill speakfor not more than 2 minutes.
In your talk rememberto speakabout:

- when you took the photo;

- whal/who is in the photo;
- what is happening:
- why you took the photo;
- why you decidedto showthe pictureto your friend

You haveto talk continuouslyostarting with: I've chosenphoto number...

22
 C fIPI4MEP BbITIOJIHEHVIfl3MAHI{fl 3

BcryueHue: I havechosenphoto numberl and I want to saya few words about it.
1. I took this photo when I went to Scotlandwith my friends.It was last summer in July. We were
hiking then.
2. The people in this photo are my close friends. In the background,you can see a beautiful lake
which is situatedon the top of the mountain. The color of the lake is reallyamazing.I couldn't
believethat soniethinglike that realll,erists.
3. As you can see, my friends are sitting on the ground enjoying the breathtakingview of the
mountain lake.My friendsare wearingcasualsunlmerclothesasthe weatheris nice and warm.
4. I took this photo becauserny friends askedme to take a picture of them. They like having photos
from all our journeys.In addition,that view wasone of the best during our trip and I wantedto
keep a memory of it.
5. I decidedto showthis picture to you becauseI wantedto sharethat wonderfulmomentwith you, as
you hadn't seenthis lake before.What's more. photographyis my hobby as you know and I'm
very proud of this picture.
3ar,rp.reHlae:That is all I wantedto tell you about this photo, I hopeyou liked it.

C YHI4BEPCAJIbHbIEOPA3bI NJIA 4I{ 5 IIYHKTOB 3ANAHTIfl 3

4. I took this photo becausemy (father/mother/sister/brother/relatives...) askedme to do it. What

is more, that wasthe (best/brightest/funniest... day) of m-v-
holidaysso I wantedto keepa memory
of it.
5. I decidedto show you the picture becauseyou wantedto know more about my (father/mother/
sister/brother/family...).Moreover,photographyis my hobby as you know and I'm very proud
of this picture.
That is all I wantedto tell vou about this photo. I hone vou liked it.
3ax-rto.{eur.re:

o 4 (44)
3AnAHr4E

B :anaHun 4 ctasvtcs 3a.[aqacpaBHrrrbane Qororpa$trrr Ha ocHoBenpeano)KeHHoro

nJraHa.
- -
BpenrnHa noaforoBKy 1,5nr.rHyrn.BpenrrorBera 2 ulrHl.rtr.

g ga4ar'ng4
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r BHuuareJrbHo npourlraiire l.rHcrpyKur.rro
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Qpa:sr
I4 CnOBa;
. Crporo c,'reayi;irenpeuroxeHHoMy n.[aHy:
o Cocrasbre He MeHee3-x @pa:anq pacKpbrrrrqKaxroro nyHKra.
o He:a6yArre flpo Bcr]murenbHyr.o!r 3aK,rrrcqr.r'reJrbHyro
Qpa:tr;
r Zcno,rmyrtre pa:uoo6pa:Hyro neKcHKy,coorBercrByroruyrcTeMer.{rTJ'r}ocrpaunri.
. 3axaHnfl- 2 rvrnHy'rlt.
flovHlrre, qro BpeMqBbrno,rIHeHI{fl

z)
O6pa:euzalauvs 4

Studythetwophotographs.
In 1.5minutesbereadyto compareandcontrastthephotographs:

of the photos(action.location)
givea brief descriptiori
saywhat the prctureshavein common
sayin what way the picturesare different
saywhiclr of the concertspresented in the picturesyou'd prefer
explainwh1'

lbu will speakfor not more than 2 minutes.You haveto talk continuously.

IIPI{MEP BbITIOJIHEHI4,I 3ANAHUfl 4

I havebeenofferedtwo picturesto compareand contrast.They are unitedby the topic

Bcryn,'reur.re:
"Music".
I .In picturenumberonewe can seea band playing.Perhaps,thel'are playinglazzmusic in a club or
a concerthall. In the secondonewe can seea kid playingthe piano. He mightbe havinga musical
examin the school.
) These two pictures have a lot in common. To begin with, both pictures were taken during some
musical event. Furthermore,in both picturespeopleare playing musical instrumentson stage.
The musicianslook focused.The atmosphere in both photosis positiveand relaxing.
_). However,there is a differencebetweenthese two pictures as well. [n the left picture, we see the
audience,in the right one - onl-vthe musician.Besides,the first one showsus someprofessional
musicians,whereas the boy lookslike a studentin a musicalschool.
.I I wouldpreferthe concertpresentedin picturenumber2 (for a nunrberof reasons)
To beginwith, I usedto be a studentin the musicalschooland I remenrberhow hard it wasto play
alone on stage.Each eram and eachconcertwasa big stressfor me and my parents.Moreover, I
loveplayingthe piano and goingto suchtvpe of concerts.This type of musicis my favoriteone.
It lielpsme to relaxand get a lot of pleasure.Last but not least,classicalmrrsicbroadensmy mind
and is greatfor personaldeveloprneut
3aKrrloqeFlre. That's all I wantedto tell you aboutthesetwo pictures(photos)

l4
 ., BbIPA)KEHVIfl,NJIfl TIOCTPOEHTIfl OTBETA K 3MAHI4 flM 3 144

Describing the picture

. The pictureshows/ depicts...In this picturethe actionis takingplacein. (a house;a living
room; a gymi a swimmingpool, a themepark etc.).
. In this pictr,rre we can see...
. T h e r ei s . . .i n t h e p i c t u r e .
. I n t h e b a c k g r o u n d o f t h i s p i c t u r e t h e rl a
e ri se : l c a n s e e / m a k e o u t ( s o m e p i e c e s o f f u r n i t u r e ;
sportsequipment;somepeopledoingshoppingetc.).
. In the foregroundI can see(somechildren:a family.a shopassistant etc.).
. The peoplein the pictureare...Lookingat thesepeopleI getthe impressionthat they are
(havingdinner;watchinga film; havinga break;doir,gtl-reirhomeworketc.)
o W h a t t h e p e o p l el o o k l i k e .( A g e / h e i g h t / b u i l d / h a i r / e y e s / n o s e / m o u t h / s p e c i a l f e a t u r e s /
generalimpression)
o What the peopleare wearing.(Casually/ formally-dressed; the descriptionof piecesof clothes
. The peoplein the picture look... bored / annoyed/ upset/ sad/ miserable/ lonely / unhappy
/ depressed/ confused/ furious / angry/ relaxed/ concentrated/ worried /happy / tired /
interested /puzzled/confident/interested/excited/calm/pleased/thrilled / relieved/
amazedbecause...
. The peoplein the picture seemsadbecause...
. The generalatmospherein the picture is positivebecause...
. The picture wastakenin...
. The weatherin the picture is... Describethe season/ weather.I think / suppose/ guessit's
summerspring/ winter / autumn since.. .
. Talk about the atmosphere.The atmospherein the picture is (friendly,peaceful,relaxing,
tense,busy,warm, cozy,happy etc.).

Comparing and contrasting

. Both photos show...
. In both picturesthe peopleare...
. One similarity is that...
o What both thesepictureshavein common is...

. However,there are alsosomedifferencesbetweenthe pictures.

. The pictureon the left is more...than the otherone.
o The situationshown in picture I is more ... than the situationin picture 2.
. The peoplein the first pictureare less...than the peoplein the otherone.
o This man looks...while the otherone is rather...
. The main differenceis (that)...
o Another important differenceis that...

25
 o PAEOTA C AI{CKO M - II PI,IJIOX(EHI,TEM

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26
 TexcrH nrq nonrorosK[ ycrHrlx H nHcrN{eHHHx
rHcxa3rrsaHuft

Read the text, learn the vocabuluryand disczss

EDUCATION

Educationis the mostpowerfulweapon

which you con useto changethe world.
Nelson Mandela

Educationplaysa predominantrole in this modern world. Everypersonin his/her life dealswith

education.It is one of the most valuablepossessions a man can get in his/her life.
Some people think that the purpose of education is to teach a student how to live his life by
developinghis mind and equippinghim to dealwith reality.He hasto be taughtto think. to understand.
to prove. He has to be taught the essentialsof the knowledgediscoveredin the past and he has to be
equippedto acquireother knowledgeon his own. Otlier peoplesaythat the aim of educationshor"rld be
to teachpeoplerather how to think, than what to think; ratherto improvepeople'sminds, than to load
one's memorlrwith the thoughtsof other men.
During all the periodsof human history educationrankedhigh among people. Human progress
mostly dependedupon well-educatedpeople. We get our knowledgeof this world and life through
education.Many famousdiscoveries would havebeenimpossibleif peoplewerenot interestedin learning
something.Self-educationis very important for the developmentof human'stalents.Only through self-
educationa personcan becomea .
Education developsall sidesof human personality,revealshis/her abilities.Besides,it helps a
personto understandhimself,to choosethe right way in this world. Whatevercareeryou choose,getting
an appropriateeducationis the only way to becomesuccessful.
Educational systemsvary in different countries but the general structure is about the same
everywhere. Before going to primary school some kids attend kindergartens where they learn to
communicate,to play and where they are taught pre-writing and pre-readingskills, as well as basic
arithmetic and drawing.
Our educationusuallybeginswith primary or elementaryschoolat the age of 6 or 7.ln most
countries, it is con-rpulsoryfor children to receiveprimary and secondaryeducation. Primary and
secondaryschoolstogethercomprise ll yearsof study.The boundary betweenprimary and secondary
educationvariesfrom country to country. In Russiachildrengo to secondaryschoolat the ageof l0- I l.
Dependingon the system,schoolsfor this period or a part of it may be calledgymnasia,lyceums,middle
schoolsor colleges.The purposeof secondaryeducationcan be to give common knowledgein many
differentschoolsubjects,to preparefor either highereducationor vocationaltraining. To go to a higher
educationalinstitution, all applicantsare requiredto passthe Stateexam on the subiectsthey choose,
and then submitthe resultsto the appropriateinstitutionwherethey will be consideredfor the enrolmenl.
tlighqeilueatiq or post-secondary education is the third stage. It is the non-compulsory
educationallevel following the completionof a secondaryeducation.Collegesand universitiesare the
main institutionsthat providehighereducation.

27
 <l> STUDENTCARD

Givea 2-2.5 minute talk on the topic"Educotiort".

Rememberto talk about:

. The role of educationin our life

o The stagesofthe educationalsystemin Russia
o The place you study
o Whether you have any favorite subjectsand why

Answerthe question'Do you think it is essentialto havehighereducationnowadays?V/hV/ why not?

VOCABULARYEXERCISES

I. Put each of thefollowing wordsin its correct spacein the sentencesbelow

approach tolerance dayschool skills issues

dean boardingschool motivation headmaster

l. Readingandwritingaretwo of the which areconsideredto be the most important

to life.
2. The Parent-Teacher Associationmeets monthlv to discr-rss concerningthe
school.
3. A complexsubjectis besttaughtusinga simple
+. Miss Dean hasso much that shecan handleeventhe most dimcult students.
_5. Teachinga subjectin a lively,interestingway increasesa student's to learn.
(). The of the ans facultvusedto be the of a primaryschool.
l. When I went to the I onlv sawnlv parentsduring the holidavs.but now that
I go to the I seethem evervnisht.

2. Exploin the dffirence

a. To take an exam and to passan exan-l
b. Compulsorvand voluntary
c. To educateand to brine uo

3. Put each ofthefollowingwords or phrasesin its correct spacein the passagebelow

state primary secondary academic co-educational compulsory

privateseminar tutorial lecture fees terms grant
degree graduate breakup nurseryschool

Whenchildrenaretwo or three1'cars old. thel sometinres go to ir___, wherethey learn

simple games zrndsongs.Their first realschoolis called school.In Britainchildrenstarl
tlieir schoolat the ageof five.The 1'earin Britainbeginsin Septernber and is divided
into three Schools for the sllnrmerholicla-v irr JLrlr,.
educationbeginsat the age of about eleverr.and most schoolsat this levelare
which meansboysand girls str-rd1 togc'therin the sanreclasses.In Britaineducationrs
from 5 to l6.vearsof age.but rlartl'childrerrchooseto remairrat schoolfclranothcrtwo or threevears
a i t e r l 6 l o t a k eh i g h e rc \ u m s . \ l o s t c h i l d r e ng o t o s c h o o l sw, h i c ha r e l r a i n t a i n e db v

28
the governnlentor local educationauthorities.br-rtsomechildrenattend schoolswhich
can be very expensive.Universitl,coursesnormally lastthreeyearsand then students
which meansthey receivetheir . At university,teachingis by (an
individuallessonbetweena teacherand one or two students). (a classof students
discussinga subjectwith a teacher), (when a teachergivesa preparedtalk to a number of
students)and of courseprivatestudy.Most peoplewho receivea universit-v placeare giverra
by the governmentto pay their and livirrgexpenses.

4. Look at the list of qualities below. Wich, in your opinion, are the most important onesneededto be a good
teacher?
A good teachershould:
. speakclearly
. establisha friendly relationshipwith students
. have a lot of confidencein front of a large group
o understandstudent'sindividualneeds
. encouragestudentsto be creative
. keeptight controlofa groupofstudents
o give studentsa lot of praiseand support
r attendrefreshercoursesregularly
. spendtime preparinglessonstl-roroughly
. punish studentswho do not work hard enough

Make sentencesusingphrasesexpressingpersonal opinion (ln m1' opiuiolr. to my way of thinking, I

believe...
)

5. Put each ofthefollowingwords in its correct spacein the sentencesbelow

cloakroom lab privateschool art room canteen

comprehensive
school

l. It is necessaryto pay school f-eesin order to go to a , whereasa

is run bv the stateand thereforeis lree.
2. Todayin the they had my favoritemeal: steakand chips.
3. You should put your hats,scan'esand coatsin the
4. John nearl-"-blew up the science last week rvhen he mixed the wrong chemicals
together.
5. The wallsof the are coveredin pictureswhich havebeenpaintedby the pupils.

i WORD FOR]VIATION

1. Fill in the correct word derivedfrom the word in brackets

StephenMurray"s teenageyearswere difficult. He never nranagedto gain the
(approve/of his teachersat sclrool.He ignoredrepeateduarningsto chiin-rehis attitudeor be crpelled.
He was widely consideredArl___ (intellect/pupil u'astirrghis opportLruities by _
(behave)in class.His parentsreccir'edregr.rlar (complain)aboutthcir son but in spite
of their own experience of Stephen's (rebel)behavior.it u.:rstheir beliefthat the schoolrvas
as nruchto blame as Steoheurvasfor the (understand) that arosefrom time to tinte,
They rearcted angrilylcl any (suggest)
that the bol"s (bring)wasin
way
ar1-v _ (respond/for Stepltert's
lackof discipline.

29
2. Fill in the correct word derivedfrom the word in brackets

SchoolThen and Now

Parentsand teachersare alwaysmaking_ (compare)betweenthe time when tliey
were_ (child) and the present (generate).They sayeverythingwasbetter than it
is today,especiallyirr (educate).For exarnple,they say'theyusedto work much
(hard) in school, and that nowadays,we aren't verv interested.I (agree),becausewe
spend hours every day doing homework after our lessonsor (revise)for
(examine).I wonder if our parentsreally had to study so much after school everyday. In my opinion,
it is no (exaggerate)to say we have forgotten how to play. I think one reason why
kids (behave)in classis becausethey needto get rid ofstress.

3. Fill in the correctword derivedfrom the word in brackets

Teaching children at home

It is compulsory for children to have an education, but you may find it (surprise)that
the teachingdoesn'talwayshaveto take place in the schoolbuilding.As long asthey havethe
(necessity)paper (qualify),parentsthemselvescan teachtheir children at home. They may
make the (decide)to do this becausethey are (happy)with a particularschool,
or becausethey feel that they have more (know) of their own child's needsthan teachers
at school. However,there may be _ (criticize)of parentswho make this _ (choose)
becausesomepeoplefeelthat childrenwho are taughtat home find it difficult to mix (social)
with young people of their own age.However. (support)of the idea disagreewith this. They
think it is a betterway of teachingchildrenwhat is reallyirnportant.

4. Fill in the correctword derivedfrom the word in brackets

It is nevertoo lateto learn?

My attemptto teachmyselfSpanishhasbeen (successful)
so far and I
am wonderingwhetherI arn simply (able)to learnforeignlanguagesat my age.
I am not (patient)and neither I am (intelligent), so
why have I found it almost (possible)to learn more than just the basicsof Spanish
after nearly slr months of study? My vocabulary is (adequate)beyond very
basic expressionsand my grammar is (satisfy)to saythe least.I suspectI sound
very (polite).too. RecentlyI met a Cubantourist in a cafeand
(fortune).I must havesaid something (appropriate)becauseshe looked
very offendedarrdgot up and sat at anothertable.

30
5. Fill in the correctwordderivedfromthe wordin brackets

How to learnvocabulary
Studentsare under enormous (press) to learn huge amounts of
vocabularvbut thev are rarelv siven (guide)as to how to go about it. They have
(tend) to try and learn long lists by hean, but this is hardly the most
(efficiency)approach to the problem. The golden rule is to do lots of
(revise)at regular intervals.Secondly,studentsshould concentrateon words
with rhe highest (frequent).particularlyeverydaywords which also improve the
students'spoken (fluent).They also should take every (opportune)
to usethe wordsin communication- thereis considerable ( psychology)evidence
that learnerswho like using foreignlanguages improvetheir oral (perform).

+ WRITING

Osuarcouamecb c npasuna,MuHonucaHuflituttHoeonucbna (c.u. pazdet Pexoneadaquu no HanucaHuro

nucw,rortu.tHoeo
xapoKmepa)u euno.tuumendauue

PersonalLetter
This is a partof a letterfronrJenny.yourEnglishpenfriend

...1 am getting ready for my A-levels at the moment. It's rather dfficult for me to
rememberall the necessoryfactsandfigures. And whendo you haveexamsin Russis?Do you
find it easyto revise?Do you study at night?
And another thing! My parents sayyou could comeand visit us in summer. Wouldyou
Iike to?
I huve to go now as I haveloads of homeworkto do. Drop me a line whenyou can.

Bestwishes,
Ienny

Writebackto Jennv
In your letter
. answerall herquestions.
. ask3 questionsaboutyourtrip to England

Write100-140words.
Remember the rulesof letterwritilts.

al
JI
 .} GUIDED WRITING

Ozuarconamecac npasuxailu HanucaHun co.tuHeHuttc 3)'IeMeHnta.vupaccytrcdeuun (cu. pazden

<,Moennenusr>)u sbtnornume3adauun
no Hanuca+urucoquHeHun
Perco*tendouuu

I. Study the ides about getting higher educartonlagreeor disagreewith them and add your own ones
. It is better to continue educationto get necessaryknowledgefor our future profession.
. It is better to start working right after leaving school to find out what your interests are to
chooseyour luture career.
. If you start working right after school you will become independentof your parentsquicker.
O, university you will be able to make good friends who shareyour interests.
:
a

l. (lse the argumentsaboveto completea compositionon thefollowing topic

Getting university education is essentialfor evetyoneafter leovingschool.

What is your opinion?

Write 200-250 words.

Use the following plan
. make an introduction.(statethe problem)
. expressyour personalopinion and give 2-3 reasonsfor your opinion.
. expressan opposingopinion and give 1-2 reasonsfor this opposingopinion.
. expresswhy you don't agreewith the oppositlgopinion
. makea conclusionrestatingyour opinion

PARAGRAPH I
Many roads are openfor school-leaversthereforeit is not easyfor them to make the right choice.Some
students claim that

However,othersbelievethat

)/,
PARAGRAPH2
In my opinion( 2-3 apeyt\teHma u.tunpunepatu),
c nodmeeptrcdexunnu

PARAGRAPH3
On theotherhand,somepeoplearguethat(npomueonotoJtcHofl
molrKospeHufl
c apeyrreHmauu)
_

PARAGRAPH4
I disagree (o1oncuuma,
with theaboveideo(s)because noqevyHecoz,,raceH
c ude,snuusnapazpaSa3,
nodmeep dumb ap eyMeHn7o,\,tu, He no6mopn n uluu u nap aep ar! 2)

PARAGRAPH 5
thereare tv,opointsof viewongettinghighereducation.Tbny
Takingeverythinginto consideration,
way of thinking,

aa
-tJ
Read the text, Iearn the vocabularyand discnss

MY FUTURECAREER
lVork to become.not lo acctuire
EtbertUunnora

Choosinga careeris one of those important decisionsthat can changethe courseof our life. An
individual can decideto follow in the footstepsof a parent or take over a family business.For others,
careeris the pursuit of a passionor lifelong dream. Whether one's path is clear or uncertain,careful
planning may lead to the job of a lifetime.
There is a higli ealqpelitiotl in the world of careersand professions.The lack of guiding services
and ever-increasing unemploymenthavecomplicatedthe decision-makingprocess.Most of the young
men and women feel confused,indecisiveand frustratedin searchof suitablejobs.
If you havean ideaof the careerpath !'ou want to pursue,it can help you makethe best decisions
about your training and education.Manv linesof work requirespecificdegreesand certifications,which
can take yearsto achieve.Understandingthe requirementsof your chosenprofessionwill allow you
prepareyourselftbr the careeryou want.
High schoolstudentsare at a stagein their liveswhen the-vhaveto decideupon a careerpath. No
doubt, schoolplaysan important part in the decision-makingprocessas it teachesus differentsubjects,
and helpsus discoverour specialtalentsand communicatewith other people.Teachersprovide helpful
guld€lx€s and make objectiveassessments for a high schoolstudent.Parentsare very keento help their
children makegood careerdecisions.Opinionsof our friendsand relativesare alsovery important.
Choosingan appropriatecareerinvolvesmakingan honestself-evaluation of your talents,abilities
and interests.While your decisiorl may change over time due to different circumstances,having a
professionalobjectivewill help you makecritical decisions.
Nowadays,there are more factorsfor peopleto take into considerationwhen choosinga job. In
addition to the remuneration.many people may consideriob jaUsfaelia!, careergrowth opportunity,
and the balancebetweenlife and work as other important motiveswhen selectinga workplace.Some
people arguethat financial gain is gssenIialfor a personwhen he or she selectsa career,while others
disagreewith it. Of course,money is important.Thereare lots of thingsmoney can buy, including social
slatusand aonyerttgncg!f]1fb. Evenwhen cl'roosingjobs, many people look at the pay before considering
what the job actllallyinvolves.Everyonewantsto meetthe needsof his family and children.However,if
you enjoy your work, yolr are more likel-vto succeedin your career.You may not get a high salaryin the
beginning,but your passionwill help you developprofessionally. On the other hand, if you are in a career
that you don't like, you are won't havethe rnotivationto go to work. This lack of enthusiasmwill limit
your chancesof professionalgrowth. Worse,it could leadto stressand man-vhealthproblerns.
Throughoutyour career,you nlustbe ableto summarizeyour work history,outline your skillsand
emphasizetraits you havefor future work. The ability to make a professionalqualificationsstatement
suchas a resumeor CY is very important nowadays.
Finally, when you are given tlte job of your dreamstry to remembereverl.thingyou know, be
punctual, hardworkirtgand do your best.

a^
J.+
 C STUDENT CARD

Give a 2-2.5 minute talk on the topic "Mv Future Career".

Rememberto say:

o Whetherit is an easytask to choosea future careerand why

o What important thingsyou shouldkeepin mind choosinga future job
. Ifjob satisfactionis important
. What job you are goingto choose

Answerthe question:What role does school play in the choice of profession?

Translateand usein your own sentences:

1. Frankly speaking....
2. To be well-groundedin the many subjects
3. To cut a long story short, I'd like to specializein the sphereof ........
4. To havework experience...

Peoplelookfor jobs at dffirent places. One can:

. be employedby the governmentor a company
' work/be freelance

Weofien speak of:

' full-time jobs ' regularjobs
' part-timejobs ' odd jobs

Iobs can ofer someprospects:

' promotion ' perks and bonuses
. financial reward ' good job opportunities

Iobs can be atffactive and unattractive. Theseare somequolities that make them such.
Attractive jobs jobs
Unattractive
creative backbreaking
challenging boring
exciting dangerous
fulfilling exhausting
interesting messy
pleasant monotonous
popular not respected
prestigious tiring
satisfuing
skillful
rewarding
well-paid

35
Diferent jobs can require:
. specialknowledge ' physicalstrength
. accuracy ' specialtraining
. courage ' working from home/ travelinga lot
. a good imagination . working late (long) hours
. a l o t o f ( l i t t l e )e x p e r i e n c e . working night shifts
. meetingpeople

Are thesejobs popalar? Describe them and explain whyyou considerthempopular?

Accountant, airhostess,architect, (auto)mechanic.carpenter,chef, chemist, databaseadministrator,
designer,surgeon,dentist,interpreter/translator.
interiordecorator.journalist,lawyer,librarian,model,
musician,nurse, photographer.police officer.programmer,editor. electrician,engineer,estateagent,
fashiondesigner,firefighter,hairdresser,
receptionist,secretary,socialworker,sport instructor,teacher,
travelagent,vet, pharmacist.plumber,tailor, mason.

CV (CurriculumVitae) - personalinformation, information about your education,qualifications,skills

and experience.
Letter of application- descriptionof your personalqualities,qualificationsand skills required to a
particularjob, writterrin a form of a formal letter.

Here is a list ofpoints, which you mightfind important whenyou are lookingfor a job. llhich are the 3 most
important and the 3 least importantfor you? Giveyour reasons
' top wages . outdoor work
. opportunity to useyour own ideas . no specialqualificationneeded
. on-the-job training when you begin . re-eularworking hours
. further training ' flexibleworking hours
. health insurance . work in a team with friendly people
. chanceto help other people . opportunityto beconteself-employed
. opportunityto becomewell-known ' short wav from home

Sudy the vocabulary,fill in the missing words

Use: I am verv... ...isone of my strongpoints.
accurate
adaptable adaptability
cooperative
creative creatlvltv
flexible fleribility
energetlc
organized organizatlon
perslstent
pr*.1*l punctualit),
..rp"t*Ot.
t".tfrl tact
determined
irrtelligent -

36
 VOCABULARYEXERCISES

I. Choosethe right word

1. A(n) repairscar engines,whereasa(n) usesscientific
knowledgeto developmachines.(mechanic/ engineer)
2. A(n) is responsiblefor the preparationand publicationof a newspaper,book or
magazine,while a(n) printsthemreadyto be sold.(publisher/editor)
3. work on beachesor in swimming pools and savepeoplefrom drowning, but
are hired to protect famous people. (lifeguards/ bodyguards)
work in placesfrom which you can buy books. whereas work
in placesfrom which yoLican borow books. (librarians/ booksellers)
5. A _ writes articlesfor newspapersor magazines,while a
presentsnews storieson televisionor radio. (iournalist/ newsreader)
6. An is a scientistwho studiesthe starsand planets,but an
makes predictions by studying the positions of starsand planets.(astrologer/ astronomer)
7. A informs people about the weather on the TV or radio, whereas
a studiesweather conditions so that the weather forecastcan be siven.
(weatherpresenter/ meteorologist)
8. catchfishwhicharethensoldto who sellthem in their
shops.(fishermen
/ fishmongers

2. Put each ofthe following wordsor phrasesin its correctplace in thepassagebelow

references short-list vacancy qualifications applicationform

fill in interview applicants experiences apply

Applyingfor a job
thereareusuallyvery many(a)
In timesof high unemployment when a (b)
is advertised.Sometimeslarge numbersof people (c) , and sendotr (d)
lor a singlejob. It is not unusual,in fact, for hundredsof peopleto (e) to
a flrm for one post. This number is reduced to a (f) of perhapssix or eight, from whom a
final choice is made when they all attend an (g) . Very possiblythe peopleinterviewing
will be interestedin the (h) the candidatessainedat schoolor universitvand whal
(i) they have had in previousjobs. Thev will probablyask for o
written by the candidates'teachersand enrployers.

3. Instructions as above

commute salary prospects promotion retire

pension ambitious perks increments commission

Choosingthe rightjob
is importantbut I havea wifeanda babyso I haveto think aboutrnoneytoo. If a
Jobsatisfaction
job interestsme, I needto knowwhat (a) it offersand whetherthereareregularannual
increases, called (b) . I want to know if I will receivea (c) when I
(d) _ at the ageof 60 or 65. If thejob is sellingproduct,I askif I'll receivet1pcrcentage of the
v a l L roef w h a t I s e l l .c a l l e d( e ) . It is also important to know if there are extra advantages,
like free mealsortransport, orthe useof a car.Theseare called(f) or frinsebenehts.Arc
the futr"rre(g) good?For example,is there a good chanceof (h)

37
to a betterjob, with more money and responsibility?Is the job near my home? If it isn't, I'll haveto (i)
everyday and this can be very expensive.I'm very keento be successful.I'm very (i)
I don't want to stavin the sameiob all mv life.

4. FiA in theblank. Thefirst letterof eachmissingwordhasbeengiven

There is a lot of u (l) nowadaysso it is getting more and more difficult to get the kind
ofj_ (2) you reallywant. Then 1,ouhaveto decidewhat is more important to you - how much
you e_ (3) or job satisfaction?Do you preferto work with your hands(calledmanual work) or do
youprefertoworkinanoffice(calledclericalwork)?Doyouprefertoworkindoorsoro-(4)?
Besides.certainprofessions requiredifferentqualitiesand abilities.Salespeople needto be p_
(5) to get peopleto buy their products.Receptionistsshouldbe p_ (6) in order to make people
feel welcome.Surgeonsmust be very a (7) as they shouldn't make mistakesin their
work. A secretaryhasto be e (8) and c_ (9) in orderto do her work quickly and
accurately. And what qualitieswill you needin vour futureprofession?

o WORD FORMATION

1. Reod the text and put the words in brackets into the correctform
A NewOpportunifyin (inform) Technology!
Are you looking for a change?Are you (bore) with your presentjob? Do you need
more (vary)in your work?Are you (energy)with goodpeopleskills?Stop!
A.T. Computersis offeringan (excite)newjob in our SalesDepartment,organizinga new
(advertise)campaignin the USA. It's a (challenge)position which involves
travelins and a lot of (responsible). If you are (interest)and have necessary
experienceand (qualify).we will be very (please)to hear from you.

2. Read the text and put the wordsin brsckets into the comectform
Dear Sir or Madam.
I readyour (advertise)in International Businessmagazine and I am writing
for more information concernins entrv (require) for the course in English Language.
Could you tell me what language (qualify)are required?I do not possess the First
Certificate and would like to know if (accept)on the course dependson having the
FCE? In fact. as I am an (account)for an internationalcompanyI would be interested
in a coursewhich focuseson lansuase (develop)for both social and
(busy)purposes.I would also like to know the (distant)from the collegeto London and
if (attend)at all classes
is obligatory.or whetheran occasional (absent)for
purposesoftravel be acceptable.
I look forward to hearins from vou.
Yours faithfully,
Nelson Fernandez

38
 3. Fill in the correct word derivedfrom the word in brackets
Although recentlythere has been a small (reduce)in the number of people
-
out of work in Europe,- (employ)it ttill tt* number one (society)
problenifacingthefifteerrmenrberstatesoftheEuropeanUrrion.Moreover,
of opportunity betweenmen and wonlen is still an issuethat_
(potitical)in many
couutrieshavenot come to gripswith. In (profess),u.hu, th. law and engineering
-
are still noticeableby their absence. (employ)srill discrimirrareagainst
Yl]:"
lemate _ (employ)in a number of ways even if their - (quatiff) are
th. runle^ thor" of nren. lt would be a pity if the
-- (".ht*.) of the EU on an
econonliclevelwere marredby (fail) in the vital areaof socialpolicy.
--

4. Fill in the correct word derivedfront the word in brackets

Job interviews
Manypeoplefeelvery (nerve)aboutjob interviewsbut rememberthe interviewers
must have liked your (apply).so you only have to live up to their
(expect)!Beforeyou go into the interviewrooln, takea few deep
(breathe).Ifyou rhink
about somethingnice, that bringsyou a feelingof (happy)then you will smile.and eive
an impression
of (confident).
Makesurerharyontakeall therightpaperswith you - if"you
forgetsomething,you could look (profession).
If they askwhy you left -v-our
lastjob, do not give a long (explain).you havea right
to your (private)and so do your previousemployers.Any future
employerwill like it if
you show (loyal)to your old boss.Takeyour time to answerquestions,
and relax. If you
follow this (advise).you havea good chanceofgettingthejob!

+ WRITING

PersonalLetter
This is a partof a letterfronrSheryl,yor.rrEnglishpenfriend.who writes:

".1 needsomemoney to go on hotiday with my friends at the end of August. Do you

think I shouldfind aiob? Hove you or any of yourfriends done summer jobs?
I am thinking
ofworking as a waiterfor afew weeks.Do you think it is a good idea?
Wat other jobsdo you
think I coulddo?And what do you think theproblemsnight be?Let
me know whatyou think.
Write back soon.
Best wishes,
Sheryl
o Write back to Sherylansweringher questions.
r Ask 3 questionsabout the holiday she is going on with her fiiends.
Write 100-140 words.
Rememberthe rulesof letterwritins.

39
 GUIDED WRITING

Argumentativecomposition
Some teenagerswould like to have a highly paid job; others believe that theirfuture job should be
i nterestingand bring satisfact ion.
What is your opinion?
Write 200-250 words.

Complete the text with the missing words and phrases:

To start with, However,Wat is more, On the otherhand, Firstly, It't cottclusion,Besides,Secondly

Nowadaysyoung people havevariousjob opportunities. No wonder that it is difficult for them to

choosetheir future occupation.Someteenagers believethat job satisfactionshould be the major reason
while choosinga job. ( l) , some teenagersarguethat money is the keystonein every
job.
I believe that the major concern when choosing a job should be our interestsand talents.
(2) , a future careershould fit our personality,otherwise it is not going to be
fulfilling.(3) , it is unlikelythat a job will be done properlyunlesswe are interested
in it. Our attitudewill surelvhavea negativeimpact.
(4) some teenagersclaim that the more money they get the more they
will be respected.(5) , they believethat gettingmuch moneythey will be ableto
buy what they want and it will make them happy.
I totally disagreewith the abovestatements.(6) if you only work
to earn money your life will soon becomeextremelyboring. (7) , you really enjoy
if
your job, you will achievesuccess and get the rewardand respectthat you truly deserveevenif you don't
earn much monev.
(8) , there are two points of view on the problem of the choice between
money andjob satisfaction.I want to stressthat while salarvis important, teenagers sliould not consider
earningsas a primary factorwhen choosingtheir future occupation.

Argumentative
composition
L positiveand negativesspects
Reudand discuss at work. Wat isyour opinion?
of teenagers
Positiveaspects
Workingteenagers:
a get a tasteof work at an early age
a earn extra pocket money
a get experienceof'a work placeand society
a learn to handlemoney
o gain the senseofindependenceand self-respect
a becomereliable
a many parentscan't support their children at universityor college; by
working part-time studentscan help their parentswith their br"rrden

40
Negativeaspects
If you have a part-time job
o lou will be tired, you won't be able to concentrateat university or
collegeand you won't be so healthy
o lou won't haveenoughtime to do your homeworkand your results
will suffer
. you won't have time to relax, to spend on hobbiesor with your
fiiends
o lou won't havea carefreeyouth (thereis plenty of work when you
graduate

2. Usethe argumentsaboveto write an argumentotivecompositionon thefollowing topic:

all overthev,orlddoport-timejobs in theirfreetime.

Millionsof teenogers

Whatis youropinionon workingteenagers?

Write 200-250 words.

Usethe followingplan
. makean introduction.(statetheproblem)
. yourpersonalopinionandgive2-3 reasons
express for youropinion.
. an opposingopinionandgive1-2 reasons
express for thisopposingopinion.
o why you don't agreewith the opposingopinion
express
. makea conclusionrestatingyouropinion

PARAGRAPH1. INTRODUCTION
seorchfor part-timejobs. Somepeopleclaimthat_
Tbearnsomepocketmoneymillionsof teenagers

. However,othersare convincedthat

PARAGRAPH2
Inmy opinion(2-3 apeyueuma
cnodmeeptrcdeuunuu
ntu npuuepauu),

Al
+t
PARAGR.,IPH
3
On theolherhond,somepeoplearguethat(npomueonoto)tcHofl
moqKa3peHun
c apzyMeHmauu)
_

PARAGRAPH4
(o6aacuuma,
with theaboveidea(s)because
I disagree nouewyHecoe/taceH
c udenuuusnapazpaQa
3,
nodmeepdumb opeyileHmayu, He no*mopflnu4u.rlLtcns nopazpoSe 2)

PARAGRAPH5. CONCLUSION
thereare rwopointsof viewon theproblemof workingteenagers.
Takingeverythinginto consideration,
To my woy of thinking,

42
Read the text. learn the vocobularvand discuss

THE PRICE OF FAME

Thepostmonwantson autograph.The cab driverwontsa picture.

The waitresswantsa handshake.Everyonewants a piece of you
John Lennon

Most people find the idea of being famousattractive.The common perceptionis that celebrities
and famous personalitieshave everl'thing in life. The truth is that there are as many downsidesand
disadvantages of beinga celebrityasthereare a number of benefits.
Among major advantages of being a celebrityfirstly the fact should be mentionedthat celebrities
get specialtreatmentwhereverthey go. From specialseatsat theatresto specialtablesat restaurants,
celebritiesare given the advantageof being the preferred customerseverlrvhere. Secondly,one of the
very obvious advantagesof being famous is that fame generallybrings with it lots of fortune. Celebrities
and other famous people are generallyricher than the averageperson. Luxurious homes and cars, fancy
gifts, expensiveclothesand other such materialisticpleasuresof life convert from a dream to reality
when peoplebecomefamous.Furthermore,when peoplebecomefamous,more opportunitiesarise in
life whether career-related or not. Beingfamousdefinitell'opensmany doors in life which would have
remainedshut if fame had not been achieved.Last but not leastcelebritiesare recognizedeverlrvhere
they go. This is an advantagebecausepeopleoften draw a massiveego boost when random bystanders
recognizethem. Fans are the people who adore their celebrity idols. Fan mail and other forms of
appreciationthat celebritiesreceivecan be inspirational,motivationaland very humbling.
But would you actuallywantto be famous?Many peoplewould, but they don't alwaysrealizehow
'the cult
many disadvantages there are for those who live in the public eye.The massmedia havecreated
of celebrity'. They just show the enjoyablethings about being a star, or the financial benefits,and ignore
the problems that go along with it - things like having photographersaround you whereveryou go, and
journalists publish unreliableinformation and spreadrumours. The deepestsecretsof you and your
family may becomepublic property. Paparazzifollow famous people around in order to take unflattering
photosof them in their most intimatemomentsmaking it impossiblefor them to havea privatelife.
The life of a celebrity can be spoilt by fanswho want to know everlthing about their favourite star.
Famous people are often followed or harassedby phone. email or messagesby followers who cross the
line and becomeobsessed. Obsessioncan turn into threatsand evenph)'sicalharm. For example,John
'the Beatles'was shot by a crazy
Lennon, a famous British singerand a song-writerand a member of
man in New York City. That is why famous people often have to disguisethemselvesand spend much
money on security.
However,sometimeseventhesemeasuresdon't help. Everybodyknowsthe sad story of Princess
Diana's death whose car was pursued by some paparazzi through Paris before the fatal crash. The
paparazzitook pictures of the wrecked car before any of them called for help.
Very often celebritiesget tired of their stressfullifestyleand feel depressed. They begin smoking,
'switching off - but they
drinking and taking drugs. These are used as an escapeor a temporary way of
do not solvetheir problems.There are many examplesof famouspeoplewho died becauseof alcohol or
drugs such as Kurt Cobain or Amy Winehouse.
So publicity doesn't only lead to fame, success,admiration and richness.It is also the reasonof
eruT',rivalry, jcaleusy, stress,extreme fatigue and the impossibility to escapepublic attention. Famous
peoplecan't do thingsthat the averagepersoncan, can't afford themselveslittle pleasuresof life, which
can be very frustrating indeed.
With this kind of pressuresomepeopledo regretmaking the decisionto seekfame. Once you've
becomewell-known you can't go back. Some people haveto pay a high price for publicity.
So is it actuallvworth it? It's a personalchoice.

43
 a> STUDENT CARD

Give a 2-2.5 minute talk on the topic "The Price of Fame".

Rememberto talk about

o What the positiveaspectsof beingfamousare

o What the negativeaspectsof beingfamousare
o Afamous personyou know

Answerthe questiou Would you like to be famous?Why/ why not?

+ VOCABULARYEXERCISE

Put each ofthe following words or phrases in its correct ploce in the passagebelow

interviews bodyguards break-upprivacy entourage

in the publiceye autographs celebrity pressures fans

Being famous, being a (a) _ can mean wealth, recognitionand being surroundedby
an (b) of helpers,secretariesand agents.It can mean giving (c) __ to admiring
(d) _ and (e) to the press.But being (f) also has its disadvantases.
Famous entertainerssufferfrom a lack of (g) . Thev need
(h) _ to protect them. The constant(i) on them can leadto the CI)_ of their
marriages.This is the price of lame.

WORD FORMATION

Thelife of a famousperson
Manypeoplewhothinktheyhavea (profession)future in films go to Hollyvood only
to find_ (disappoint)insteadof success.They often have to give up the more (enjoy)
aspectsoftheir chosen career to pla)' parts in (advertise) because these provide
(finance)security- but they are not satisl_ving. For many actors.evenbasic (survive)can
be difficult. Some do not earn enoughto pay their rent or (electric)bills. and the tinre
and money they investin the _ (prepare)of a portfblio for interviewsis often wasted.Of course
there is a possible (explain) for why onl-v1% of actorsare really (succeed).
There arejust too many peoplewho believethat their next (perform)will be the one that
makesthenr a starl

WRITING

PersonalLetter
Thisis a partof a letterfromGeorge. penfriend.
1'ourEnglish

...At schoolwe are doingprojectson fumous peoplein dffirent counf ies. Could1'outell me
aboutfamous Russionperson? Wtat is he or sheJamousfor?Wouldyou like to becomefamous?
Asfor my schooltrip to London last w,eek,it waswonderful...

14
 Writebackto Georse.
In yourletter
. answerall his questions.
. ask3 questions abouthis trip to London
Write 100-140words.
Rememberthe rulesof letterwritins.

C GUIDED WRITING

Argumentative composition
1) Study the example and complete the exercises
2) Underline the link words and expressions
3) Completethe gaps with the sentences A,B,C or D
Positiveand negativeaspectsofbeing an actor.
Have you ever dreamt of being an actor? The acting professionmay sound glamorous to most of
us, but the truth is that there are advantagesand disadvantages to a life in acting.
The main positiveside of being an actor is that it is a creativejob. I As a result,many of
them come to terms with the bad aspectsof their characterand developthe good ones. Furthermore,
many peopleare impressedby actors.2_
However,the greatestdrawbackis lack of privacy.3_ .What'smore. at the beginningof
their careersthey have to strugglewith low pay and long hours. 4
All in all, being an actor means little or no privacy and long hours of practice for little reward.
However, it can help you discovermany things about vourself and one day you might play the leading
role in a film or in the theatre.

A. They often enry their lifestylesand fame.

B. For example,they have to go to a lot of auditions before they get a small part in a play or fllm.
C. It's quite common to seefamousaclorsbeingmobbedby their far-rs while havingdinner or coffee.
D. An actor, by playing different charactersduring his/her career,has the chance to expressdifferent
aspectsof his/her own personality.
4) Replace the words/ phrasesfrom the text with the expressionslisted
Tbsum up, This way, Onepoint of viewinfavor...,
For instonce, In addition to this, On the other hand, Finally,

Argumentativecomposition
Somepeopleclaim that beingfamous isn't alw,avseos)'ond evencan ruin a person'slife.
What is your opinion?Would1ou like to be famous?
Wrire 200-250 words.
Use the following plan
o makean introduction(statethe problem)
. express yollr personalopinion and give2-3 reasons
for 1,ouropinion
. expressan opposingopinion and give 1-2 reasonsfor this opposingopinion
. expresswhy you don't agreewith the opposingopinion
. make a conclusionrestatingyour opinion
Read the text. Iearn the vocabulart, and discuss

FRIENDSHIPAND FRIENDS

AJriend is one thot knov,s)'ott os)tottare, ttnderstandswhereyou have been,

occeprsv,hat)'ou hate beconrc,atd still,getlly allows1,oulo grow
William Shakespeare

Peoplesaythat friend in need is a friend indeed.A friend who hasknown you foreveris a treasure.
Real friend is incredibly hard to find. If we try to define what a friend is, it will be not an easytask. A
dictionarydefinesa friend as a personwho you know and like very much and enjoy spendingtime with.
But what about peoplewho, for example,stud-vtogetherand spendmost of their time sharingthe same
activitiesat school sometimesfor severalyears.Can we call them friendsor are they just classmates? Or
the other situation,when peoplewerefriendsfor agesat schoolor universityand then haven'tseeneach
other for l0 years.Are they still friends?
Since childhood we socialize with a great number of people. When we are kids we are likely
to befriend with someonesimilar. who are often the sarnesex, age and ethnicitlzand share similar
interests,social skills and sometimesacademicachievement.Sinrilarityattractsas children may enjoy
the sameactivitiesand eet the senseof emotionalcomfort. The older we becomethe more difficult and
controversialrelationswe build. Many adolescentsconsidertheir friends to be more important than
family members.The influenceof friendsin this period of life changesdramatically.Teenstry to copy
their friends' behavior,manners,sEhoqlpcrfouriarcg and not alwaysthis influence benefitsa person.At
school children and teenagersusualll'haveone or two 'best friends' who tl,ey considerto be the most
closeand reliableonesand they also liavea wide circle of other liiends - 20-30 is not uncommon. The
main reasonsfor this are time and shared_€xpgllc:tee. Adults usually say they have one or two close
-
friends those who they can always on in difficult times and the othersarejust acquaintancesor
rel1,'
colleagues.When people grow up they may move apart geographicallyand lose the senseof a shared
interestwhen they startworking in differentfields,or spendingtime in differentways.
Nowadaysmany people claim that the developmentof social networkingsitesallow people to
make friends easierand to keep closerelationshipsfor years.However,psychologistsinsist that social
networksis a very controversialthing as they mity createan illusion of a real friendshipbut destroythe
ability of a personto socializein a real life and constructa faceto facecommunication.
Successfulfriendshiprequiresboth peoplein the relationshipto feelthe sameway about the other
person.We are often surroundedby 'fair-weatherfriendi, peoplewho you considerto be your friends
but provethemselvesnot to be rvhenthings get tough. So the most important thing about friendshipis
'in needwith you and will
to find a personwho will stay supportvou in the most difficult period of life.
If you havea personto find pleasurein irour joy and sharesorrowin your grief, then you are reallylucky.

Quarrels
The importanceof closefriendshipespeciallyduringthe teertage yearsis universal,but friendships
don't alwayslast- especiallyfor childrenand teenagers. Sometimesliiendshipsend in angryaccusations
and hurt feeliogs.Sometimesfnendsjust drift apart. Perlrapsthe most painful end to a friendshipis the
one-sidedrejection- one lriend turns away.or choosessomeoneelseas a closefriend, and the other
child or a teenageris leti feelingabandonedand wonderingwhy thingsfell apart.The end of a friendship
is olien sad, but it's not necessarilya bad thing. Sometimesit's just alu.uayatdableresultof teenagers
growingup in differentwaysor at differentrates.Sometimescertainpairsof childrenor teenagers tend to
bring out the worst in eachother, and they"rebetterofffinding different.more compatiblefriends.Often
the end of one friendship makesmore room for other friendshipsto grow.

46
 O STUDENT CARI)

Give a 2-2.5 minute talk on the topic "Friendship and Friends".

Rememberto soy:

o What a friend is
o What friends we meet during our life
o What the influence of social networks is
o What your friend is like, what he or shelooks like, what you like doing together

Answerthe questiou Why is it important to havethe best flriend?

+ VOCABULARYTOSTUDY

Appearance
HAIR: long, short, shoulder-length,curly, straight,wary, brown, blond, permed,dyed,white...
EYES: small, large,slanting,blue, green,almond-shaped...
MOUTH: small,thin/full lips...
NOSE: straight,crooked,hooked,curved,small,turned-up,bulbous...
HEIGHT:tall, of medium height,short...
BUILD / CONSTITUTION: slim, well-built, muscular,skinny,fat, plump, overweight...
AGE:teenage,old, in one's(early,mid, late)twenties,forties...
FACE / COMPLEXION: oval, square,round. tanned,pale. freckled,wrinkled...
SPECIAL FEATURES: dimples,scar.mole, limp, tattoo, high cheekbones,moustache,beard...

Character:
VIRTUOUS CHARACTERISTICS:good-humored,kind, communicative,sociable,friendly, modest,
generous,attentive, thoughtful, earnest, sincere, enthusiastic,calm, quiet, self-possessed,honest,
patient,sympathetic,respectable,intelligent,easy-going,devoted,loyal, courageous,industrious,hard-
working, sweet,gentle

EVIL CIIARACTERISTICS: unkind, reserved.uncommunicative.unsociable, haughty, arrogant,

greedy, tactless, insincere, false, rulgar. double-faced,dispassionate,dishonest, cruel, intolerant,
capricious,insensible,obstinate,stubborn,coarse.rude

47
 C, WORD FORMATION

1. Usethe wordgiven toform a word that fits eachspace

Everyonewants to have friends, but building up new (relate) is not always
easy.A few people are born with outgoing (personal); they have a natural
(able) to make new friends whereverthey go. However,not many people are
(complete)at easein a room full of strangers. Most ofus feel
(nerve)when we meet new people, and this can occasionallymake us appear
(friend)when in fact we arejust shy.In any case,the (develop)of new friendships
is a gradLralprocess- it doesn'tjust happenovernight.Long-standingfriendships
(general)haveseveralthingsin common. The friendsenjoythe samesofisof (act),
and sharesimilarbeliefsand values,they are (honestly)withone another, and have
similar (expect).They (confidence)in each other, when
they haveproblems.Friendsneversharea (boredom)time with one anotherand
areusuallyvery (appreciation) of eachother.It sometimesis
(appearance) that they are friendsby their looks becausesome sharea tastein clothes.Having a close
friend helpsyou gain (strong)in termsof (confide). In
orderto be a (truth) friend there are a few (require)suchas
(tolerant)and (assist).

C WRITING

PersonalLetter
This is a partof a letterfromyour Englishpenfriend.

...l've had an argument with my bestfriend, Linda, and we ore not talking to each other. I'm
really upsetabout it. Do you everargue with your bestfriend? Wat kind of things do you argue about?
lVhat do you think I should do to becomefriends with Linda again? Have you ever been in a similsr
situation? Wat did you do?
Write soon.
Best wishes,
Chrisrtne

o herquestions.
Writebackto Christineanswering
. Ask 3 questions
aboutLinda.
Write100-140words.
Remember the rulesof letterwritine.

Argumentativecomposition
A personmay hat'eonly one bestfriend.
What is your opinion?
Write 200-250 words.
Usethe followingplan
. make an introduction.(statethe probiem)
. expressyour personaiopinion and give 2-3 reasousfor your opinion
. express an opposingopinion and give l-2 reasonsfor this opposin-e
opinion
. express why you don't agreewith the opposingopinion
o [iake a conclusionrestating your opilrron

48
Read the text, learn the vocabularyond discuss

EASHION

Fashionis not somethingthat existsin dresses only.

Fashionis in the slcy,in the street,
fashion has to do with ideas, the way we live, whst is happening
CocoChanel
Fashionis somethingwe dealwith everyday.Evenpeoplewho saythey don't carewhat they wear
choose clothes every morning that say a lot about them and the way they feel that day. We often judge
people by what they wear. We expressourselvesin the style and colors we choose and the combination
of clotheswe put together.Our shoes,accessories and jewelleryall tend to createan impressionof our
socialclassand personality. At the sametime, we use clothesto expressour individuality.
Fashionis revealing.Clothescreatea wordlessmeansof communicationthat we all understand.
Clothes revealwhat groupswe are in. Stylesshow who you are, but they also createstereotypesand
distancebetweenpeople.For instance,a businessmanmight look at a boy with greenhair and multiple
piercing as a freak and outsider.Nevertheless,to another person. the boy is a strict conformist. He
dressesin a certainway to delivera messageof separation,but within a certaingroup his own look is a
uniform.
Therearemany reasonswhy we wearwhat we wear.Protectionfrom cold, rain and snow:mountain
climberswear high-techoutwearsto avoid frostbite.Physicalattraction:many stylesare worn to inspire
'chemistry'. Dressingin a particularoutfit might be a way of saying,'This is what I think is nice, and
'up' when we are happy and 'down'
I believeit makesme look more attractive.'Emotions: we dress
when we are upset. Religiousexpression:Islamic women cover every part of their body excepteyes.
Identificationand tradition:judgeswear robes,people in the military wear uniforms, brideswear long
white dresses.
Fashionis a big business.More peopleare involvedin buying, sellingand production of clothing
than any other businessin the world. Everyday,millions of workersdesign,Sely,glue, dye, and transport
clothing to stores.One certainthing about fashionis change.We are constantlybeing bombardedwith
new fashion ideasfrom music, videos,books, and television.Movies also have a big impact on what
peoplewear.Ads on buses,billboardsand magazinesgive us ideasabout what to wear, consciously,or
subconsciously.
To really meet our needs,the wardrobemust be planned in relationto the kinds of things we do
and kinds of placeswe go. We haveto match colorsand styles.Not all colorsand stylesgo well together.
Young people no longerdresslike their parents.They wear comfortable,practicaland allordable
clotheswhich haveprobablybeendesignedby somebodyyoung:urban fashionhastakenoverthe world.
Todaywe tend to dressbasedon the way clothesappealto our personaltaste.If we like it, we like
it. If we don't, we don't. We choseour styleto expressour personality.It's nice to be cool and to dress
with the times. But what's cool now is probablygoingto look silly in a few years.
As for me, I prefera casual/ formal style.My lavoriteitemsof clothesare...
. It is important for me to feel comfortable.
. I don't carewhat I wear.
. I love spendingmoney on differentclothes.
o Looking smart is very important for me
. I realizethat differentsituationsneeddifl-erentclothes.
. My tastein clothinghaschanged:I usedto wear...and now I preferx,earitrg...
. In conclusion,more than beingjust a way to keepwarm. clothesreveala lot about a person'slif'e,
characterand status.

49
 (> STUDENTCARD

Givea 2-2.5 minute talk on the topic"Fashion".

Rememberto say:

. If fashionis a big part of our life

. Why peoplechoosedifferentstylesof what they wear
o What young peopleprefer wearingnowadays,why?
. If there is your specialstyle; why/why not

Answerthe question:Can you judge a person by what he or she wears?Why? / Why not?

O WORD FORMATION

I. Completethe sentencesby changingtheform of the word in bold

l. Tracy works as a (style)for a largemodelingagency.

2. There'sa (similar)betweenthe fashionsof the 1980sand the 1960s.
3. I think youshouldloweryour (expect)a little; it's no easyto becomea supermodel,
you Know.
4'Letmeknowwhenyoumakea-(decide)aboutwhattowearforthewedding.
5. Fashioncriticshavegreetedthe new clothineline with (enthuse).
6. The factoryhas increased_ (produce)of its shoesin an attemptto keepup with demand.
7. That necklaceis (beauty)l
8. Ail our clothesare desienedfor men and women (like).

{I VOCABULARYEXERCISES

1. Complete using the correctform of the words in the box

current glimpse fit clothing match look glance

modern suit new appearance cloth
1. Ifyou careaboutyour_ too muclr, peoplemight staft to think you're vain.
2. It's quitea nice skirt,but I don't think it really my shoes.
3. M y m u n ra l w a y sl o o k s q u i t e and triesto keepup with the latestfashions.
4. The ancientRonranswore itemsof quite differentliom today'sfashions.
5. As I went into the designer'soffice. I car-r-eht a of her drawingsbefore she
hLrrriedlyput them away.
6. I know long skirtswereiu fashionlastyear.but the lashionis to wearthem quite
short.
7. I've got to buy sonre shoesfor the weddingon Saturd:ry.
8. I didn't set the coatin the end becauseit didn't me underthe arms.
9. The shirt is so exoensive becauseit's madeout of snecial t h a th a sg o l d i n i t .
1 0 . I d o n ' t t h i n k t h i si u m p e r y,oubecauseyou'\'egot bluee-ves and paleskin.
I L The designer ertmy designsand told me that they neededmore work.
1 2 . L o n gd r e s s easn d h i g h h c e l sa r eq u i t er g o o d tbr you.

50
2. Choosethe correct answer

I I don't like _ on clothesin shopsbecauseI don't want peopleto see me in somethingthat

doesn'tsuit me.
A putting B trying C wearing D handing
2 I'm not sure a green skirt _ combination with a blue top is such a good idea.
Aon Bat Cin Dfor
3 EveryonecomplimentedKitty her new outfit.
Aon Bto Cin Dfrom
4 I think somemodern designsare more like _ of art.
A makes B works C objects D jobs
5 I wish people didn't a tendencyto follow fashion without thinking about what suits them
personally.
A do B make C get D have
6 I don't think T-shirts and jeans will evergo _ of style, do you?
A away B out C off D down
7 Make sureyou your make-upwith a soft brush, like this one.
Aapply Bconstruct Cdecorate Ddress
8 If you wear that shirt with the _ pattern, you'll look like a chessboardl
A plain B striped C shinyD checked
9 You alwaysseemto look so formal. If only you would your hair downl
Aget Bset Cput Diet
10 The latesttrend footwearis to wearverl' simple,traditionalshoes.
Aof Bon Cin Dfrom
11 My sisterand I sharethe sametaste_ clothesand we wear eachother'sthingsall the time.
Ain Bof Cfor Don
12 Why can't you Edgar'sexampleand wear a tie to work?
A set B make C follow D do
13 My dad askedme whether his clotheswere _ fashionand I saidthey were- about twenty years
ago!
Ain Bfrom Con Dof

3. Circle the correct word

l. Do you think the average/ everydaypersonis interestedin fashion?

2. I wish Dad would get a new costume/ suit to wear for his job interview.
3. I've got red hair, so I neverput on f wearred clothesor I'd look silly.
4. John got a reallycool blouse/ top in town yesterdaywith Eminem on it.
5. India supplies/ producesthe world with cheapclothes.
6. I'm going to get my nailsdyed/ paintedtomorrow.
7. During the design/ manufactureof the clothes, lasersare usedto cut the material accurately.
8. Which costume/ suit do you think I shouldwear to the fancy - dressparty - the cowboyor the
vampire?

5r
} WRITING

PersonalLetter
This is a partof a letterfrom Sheryl,your Englishpenfriend.

...Do yoa ever argue with your parents about what you wesr? My parents and I don't
seemto agreeabout clothesat alMs it importantfor you to befashionable? What sortsof
clothesdo you like wearing? Why?Do you think I should wear what my parents tell me to?
Have you got any advice?By the rray next weekI'm going to a big schoolparty.

I'm lookingforward to hearingyour opinion.

Best wishes,
Sheryl

r Writebackto Sherylanswering her questions.

. aboutthe partysheis goingto visit.
Ask 3 questions
Write100-140words.
Remember the rulesof letterwriting.

O GUIDED WRITING

ArgumentativecomPosition

Most peoplebelievethat it is important to look nice.

What is your opinion?

Write 200-250 words

Usethe following plan
. make an introduction. (statethe problem)
. expressyour personalopinion and give 2-3 reasonsfor your opinion
. expressan opposingopinion and give 1-2 reasonsfor this opposingopinion
. expresswhy you don't agreervith the opposingopinion
. make a conclttsionrestatingyonr opiniotr
(Jsethe cluesbelowto plan and wtite your composition.

positiveaspects:Clothesshow someone'spersonality.We feel betterand more comfortableif we know

we'vegot good clotheson. Then, clothesarefun and youngpeoplelike shoppilrg.but they don't like to
look like everybodyelse.Thel,try to havetheir own style,clothesthat fit their personalityand mood.
Negativeaspects:Some peoplebecomecrazy if the1,can't changeclotheseveryday or they don't have
the thingsthat are in fashionnow. Besides.somepeoplespendtoo much money on clothes'For many
of them to look fashionableis the greatestjoy in life.

52
Read the text, learn the vocabalaryand discuss

SHOPPING

But'v,hat)'ou don'I hoveyel, or whotyou reolly wont,

which can be mixedwith what _r-ou alreadyown.
Buy only becausesomethingexcitesyou, notjust for the simpleact of shopping
Korl Lagerfeld

We live in a salsuxtel Jaetqly.The streetsof our cities are full of advertisementsoffering to buy a
new product of a famousbrand. Our TV programsare interruptedby hours of commercialsadvertising
new supershops,washingpowder and food, and we are readyto spendbig sumsof money to look more
fashionable,to havea cozierhouseor to eat tastiermeals.To tell the truth, shoppinghasbecomea vital
part of our lifestyle, a hobby or even an addiction.
There are a lot of typesof shops:if you want to buy meat you go to a butcher's,if you want to buy
bread you visit a bakery, if you want to buy fruit or vegetablesyou go to a greengrocer's,if you need not
only food but some cleaning materialsas well you choose a supermarkd. All items are neatly wrapped
and conveniently displayedon specialshelvesor racks or kept in refrigerators.You can walk among the
rowswith a shoppingbasketor a trolley, choosingthings.You can take and study them, put them back
and take againlater.Nobody tellsyou to hurry with the shopping.Finallv you haveto pay at the cashier's
desk.
For many peopleshoppingis a nightmare:the crowds,the queues,walkingfrom shop to shopjust
for somethingthat matchestheir new outfit or for a specialbirthday present.The situationhas changed
greatlywith the establishingof huge shoppingcentersor shoppingmalls as they are calledin the USA.
Shoppinghasbecomea sort of entertainmentfor the whole family.Numerousdepartmentswith clothes,
shoes,perfume, furniture. electricalappliancesand to1,s:restaurantsand cafes;cinemasand discos;
children's playgroundsand sport centersprovide a family week-endunder one roof for all tastesand
wallets.
While speakingabout shopping,which some people call a wasteof time and money, we need
to say about ways of payment. You can pay either cash or by credit card. When you buy (or, more
formally,purchase)somethingin a shop.you usuallypay for it outrightbut sometimesyou buy on credit.
Sometimesyou may be offereda discountor a reduction.If you want to retllrn somethingthat you have
bought to a shop, vou may be given a refund, providedyou havea receipt.Never forget to check your
changeat the cashier'sdesk(till) and alwaysaskfor a guaranteeif it is an electricalappliance.
Follow thesesirnplerulesand shoppingcan becomea cure from stressand hectic lifestyle.

Sndy the vocabulary. Usethis vocabularyin your own sentences

a Window-shopping- the activity of looking at things in shop windows but not buying anything
a Window-shopper
o Shopassistant- personwho sellgoodsin a shop
a Trolley- a containeron wheelsthat you usefor carryingthingsin a supermarket
a Shoppinglist - a list of thingsto buy
a Sales- time when a shop sellsits goodsat lowerpricesthan usual

53
 STUDENT CARI)

Givea 2-2.5 minute tslk on the topic"Shopping".

Rememberto soy:

a Why peoplego to shopsand types of shopswe have

a Advantagesof shoppingin big shoppingcenters
a The processofbuying things
a Your attitude to shopping

Answerthe question:Where do yor"rprefer to go shoppingand why?

c WORD FORMATION

Usethe word given to form a word that fits each space

1. Shopping
1. I've made my (decide). I ' m going to buy the blue one.
2. This dressis wonderful- but it's a little too (expense) for me.
-). I've broken mv new CD plaverand now it s (use)l
4. In the past, rich peopleoften had (serve)to do everythingfor them.
5. We offer top qualitl' products at (afford)pricesl
6. The advertwas_ ( t r u e ) .s o I c o m p l a i n e tdo t h e m a n a g e r .
l. Pleasebe carefulwith that oaintine- it's extremelv (value).

2. Not a computerwhiz-kid
I was_ (lazy)browsingthroughthe smalladsin the localnewspaper
whertI sawan
(advertise)lbr a second-handword (process),soI decidedto givethem
a nng to get more (inform).I havea computerbut it doesn'treallyhavea
(power) enough memory for the project I'm involved in at the moment. In most
(occupy)nowadays,it is becomingusefulto be 'computer-literate'but in my (profess)it
hasbecomean absolute (necessarv).
I must admit I do not eet much (please)
out of sittine in front of a comnuterscreenfor hours. but I don't standmuch chanceof
(promote)without computerskills.So I nradean _ (appoint)to seemy bargaincomputerthe
next day.

3. Sunerlativevacuumcleaners
We all know how (exhaust)housework can be and sweepingthe carpetmust be
one of the most (tire)of (house)chores.We think we havecome Llp
with a (solve) to back-breakingcarpetcleaning- ollr new rangeof stateof the art
vacuum (clean)provide a quick and (effect) answerto dust,
howeverdeeplyingrained.We would be happyto sendyou (inform)aboutour
new vacuum cleaners.
Our leaflets a
contain comolete (describe) of the latest
models,and if you would like a (demonstrate)
of how they work why not to take up
our free (try) offer todaywith no (oblige)to buy. Justsend
offthe fornrbelowor rine uson i01 213679now.

54
 O WRITING

tr'l
Argumentativecomposition

With the developmentof the Internet shoppingon-line has becomethe most convenientway of
purchasingthings.
What is your opinion on the on-line shopping?

Write 200-250 words.

Use the following plan
. make an introduction. (statethe problem)
o expressyour personalopinion and give 2-3 reasonsfor your opinion
. expressan opposingopinion and give 1-2 reasonsfor this opposingopinion
. expresswhy you don't agreewith the opposingopinion
. make a conclusionrestatingyour opinion

55
Read the text, learn the vocabularyand discuss

AT THE DOCTOR'S
Peoplepay the doctorfor his trouble;
for his kindnessthey still remain in his debt
Lucius Seneca

One of the most valuableand important thing for a man is his health.A11of us try to saveit in
many ways we consider to be right. However, nobody can avoid S€€ug ! jOeIaI if he likes to be sure
every'thingis right with his health.
Peoplehavelots of reasonsto seetheir doctors.Chronic diseases suchasheartdisease,high blood
pressure,diabetes,obesity,and ga11Qcl do not developovernight and can in fact begin many yearsbefore
they're diagnosed.A tggdarcheabup is lesstroublesome,a suddenpain is more unpleasant.
If you feel it's time to take chargeof your health,the first thing to be done is to call to a clinic and
to schedulean appointmentwith a physician.
You shouldwait your time in the waiting room. When your name is calledyou can come in. First
of all, the doctor will askyour name to find your casehistory.The casehistory is a small book where all
your diseases, conditionsand their symptoms,complicationsand treatmentare written. The doctor will
look thought it to refreshirrformationabout you. After it he will ask what the matter with you is. The
doctor will listen to you carefully,ask somequestionsand write down all in your casehistory.Then he
willexamineyou.
Usuallyyou should strip to the waist.The doctor will soundyour chest,take]iour pulse,testyour
blood pressure,and look at your tongue.If he is not sureyou areall right, he rnightaskyou to be x-rayed,
to haveyour blood and urine tested.
If you are all right, you may go home. ln casethe physicianhasdiagnosedsomethingwith you he
will prescribeyou a specialtreatment.It can includetakingpills.gettinginjections,havingphysiotherapy
or just having a rest.You also can get a medical certificate,which givesyon an oppoftunity to stay at
home for sometime insteadof working as usual(sick leave).
However.there are some caseswhen a physiciancan't help, and he asksyou to consult with
medicalspecialists- doctorswho havecompletedadvancededucationin a specificareaof medicine.
For example,if we haveproblemswith our heart or blood pressurewe go to a cardiologist,get a
specialtreatmentfor his heartor blood vessels and havean electrocardiogram done. If we haveproblems
with the skin, a dermatologistmust be able to help. He will adviseto do a skin test for the presenceof
disease,and delivera detailedchemicalanalysisof blood. If we haveproblemswith digestionorgans,
we go to a gastroenterologist, who may appoint us to do an ultrasoundor X-rays. Neurologistsand
neuropathologistscan help people rvith diseasesof the llervoussystem.Mental disordersare treated
by a psychotherapist and a psyehdogls!. Problems witll bones are treated by a rliCumatslq€lil.
Ophthalmolo-eists are nredicaldoctorswho specializein the diagnosisand treatmentof eye problems,
d i s e a s ea s ,n d i n j u r i e s .
Oral health is important in any,age. Dgxtisjs provide plentl' of different servicesfrom qasnetiq
procedures(treatmentsused to straighten,ltghten, reshapeand repair teeth) and restorativecare to
extraction, S_row4s and dental implants.
However. if your case is too serious,you require 24-hour nursing care or need a surgical
tnlcrveltjon, yoLlrphysiciarrwill adviseyou to be taken to the hospital.Patientswho are treatedat the
hospitalare calledinpatients.Thel'shouldbe in the hospitalallday fortlie periodthe doctorsaid.The
consultantnormally does a ward round once or twice per week. He visitseach inpatient to reviewthe
patient'sstatus.updatehis/herpersonalmedicalrecord,and discusscareplan. Nursesshouldperfbrm
l h i s o r t h a tt r e a t n r e l.l l
Nowadaysa lot of peopleareEuttingbackon healthcareexpenses and are reluctantto seea doctor.
However,if diseases are gaughtearl)',treatmentsare usulrllymuch more effective.Ultimately, havinga
regulardoctor'svisitwill helpyou livea lorrgand healthylife.

56
Answerthe questions:
L What the signsof a healthyman do you know?
2. What can makeyou healthier?
3. What is your attitudeto smoking?
4. What argumentswould you chooseto convinceyour friendsnot to smokel
5. Why don't somepeopleget rid of bad habits?
6. What measurescan be takenagainsttaking drugs?
7. Which argumentsagainstdrinking alcohol seemmost convincingto you?

C STUDENT CARI)

Givea 2-2.5 minute talk on the topic 'At the Doctor's".

Rememberto soy:

. Why peopleshouldseedoctors
o What physiciansdo while treating patients
o What medicalspecialistsyou know
o What you do to stay healthy

Answerthe question:Could you describeyour last visit to a doctor'l

A VOCABUIARYEXERCISES

1. Fill in the blanks with the wordsgiven below

ambulance treatment toothache cough prescriptions

complaints stomachache throat hurts recover physician
L What is troubling you? lt here.
2. Ihaveabad I want to havethis tooth filled
3. You havea bad Hasn't anyoneadvisedyou to give up smoking?
4. I'm afraidno will help my achingtooth. It hasto be pulled out.
5. You should follow the doctor's . It will help you soon.
6. What are your ? I've got a sore and a cough.
1. I'm afraid I won't be ableto helo vou. Let's call for the
8. May I make an appointmentwith the ? I've got a

2. Complete the sentencesusing the suggestedwords

bleeding broken earache dangerous fit

plaster healthy injured sore well
1 A diet includeslots of vegetables and frLrit
2. John is verv ill and won't so to schooluntil he is
3. Helen'slegwas s o t h e d o c t o rp u t i t i n p l a s t e lro r a m o n t l t .
4. It is to take more than 4 of thesetabletsin 24 hours.
5. Georsehascut his hand and now it's
6. David keeps by doing exercises in the gym twice a week.
7. Edwardwalkedall dav in his new shoesand now his feet are
8. The bus crashedinto a tree,but luckil,vnobodywas
9 . Y o u s h o u l dp u t a on that cut.
10. Little Jimmy wascrying becausehe had an

57
3. Fill in the blonlts with the necessarvwords
l. The doctor his patient very carefullyand somemedicine.
2. The flu usuallybeginswith
3. Let me checkyour
4. If you want you mllst follow the doctor'sadvice.
5. This is very good for cough
6. You haveall the of the flu.
7. She caught when shewas skiing
8. Your foreheadis hot, let me takeyour

4. Fill in the blanks with the wordsgiven below

operation ward prescription waiting room examine

illnessappointment temperature lungs pulse treatment
receptionist symptoms thermometer chemist's
When I go to the doctor, I tell the name and take a seat in the
. My doctor is very busy so I have to make an first
beforeI go to seehim. He asksme what's wrong with nre. I tell him the of my
, for examplehigh temperature,difficulty in breathing,or pains,and then he will
usually me. He will listen to mV with his stethoscope.
he will hold rny wrist to feel my , he'il take my
with his The problem is usually quite simple and he might give me a
for some medicine. which I take to the .Of course,if
I needsomeserious . I'11haveto go to hospital.There I'll be put in a bed in a
with other people. If tl-rerewere somethingseriouslywrongwith me, I might
needan

WORD FORMATION

1. Fill in the correct word derivedfrom the word in brackets

Stress
In today's world people seem to be very (anxieff) and sufferfrom stress.
This stressis often (harm) and peopleneedto seekmedical
(treat) in orderto recover.However.a more (effect)solutionis for peopleto learn to
relax.This can be achievedthroush a _ (vary)of leisure
(active)such as sport, reading.music or evengardening. (Emphasize) is placeo
on people spendingtime doing things that they enjoy, ultimate aim being
(relax). Unfortunately,some people find this (possible)and thereforeneed to
take drugs prescribed by their doctor. Thesedrugs are called (tranquil).They
calm peopledown, but can be dangerousif takenfor iong periodsof time. Alternativemethodsare nruch
(safety)and haveno sideeffects.

58
2. Fill in the correct word derivedfrom the word in brackets
Natural remediesthat reallv work
Just a few vearsago, most of us wouldn't considertaking echinaceaor another herb to cure a
cold or an (infect). Today many of us swear by the _ (heal)
propertiesof these herbs. (science)studiesprove that such natural remediesare
entering the mainstreamof medicine. A (grow)number of
(physics)are now recommendingalternative (treat) along with
(tradition)therapies.Of course,for your own good health. neverbeginan-v (herb)or
vitamin therapywithout the (direct)of a medicalprofessional.To help you choose
(wise).we haveselectedsomeremediesthat are backedup bv a
(stagger)amount of anecdotalevidence.So stock your shelveswith these simple cures and have a
(health)lifestyle.

3. Fill in the correct word derivedfrom the word in brackets

Staying healthy
In today's hectic world people are always searching for more ways of keeping fit and
(health).
Running is an excellentexercisefor achievingthis goal. Beforeyou start, however,you should warm
uo andconcentrateon slow (move)that makeall your muscleswork.But be carefull
If you stretchwhen your musclesare cold, you might actr.rally risk an (inure).
Always wear (comfort) clothing and make sure your
(train) are in good shape.Wear good shoesthat will put less lpress)on your
knees.
Stayinghealthyalsorequires
enoughsleep.lt's (occasion)ok to go to bed
late,but if you cut down on your sleep (regular)it will havea bad effect on your
overall health. It will also affect vour (appear).Lack of sleepcan causeacne
or dry skin. Stayactiveduring the day if you don't get enoughexerciseduring the day, yolr may end up
(sleep)all night.

Standing,sitting and walking badly can make you look (heary) than you
really are. Stand in front of the mirror with your feet apart. (straight)out your
legs and pull in your stomach.Check that your ears,shoulders,hips and kneesare in line with each
other.You shouldbe feelineand lookine betteralreadv!
Most of us live in citieswith a high (pollute)level. If we got more freslr
air. we would look healthier and more (attract). A quick walk is one of the
best things you can do for your (circulate) and looks. Walking slowly is
(use)but a quick pacegetsmore oxygeninto your lungs.So don't just go for a
pleasantwalk, try and find a greenareaand get (move).

Many young peopie feel (guilt) about eating too much chocolates
and sweets, and some even adrnit an (addict) to it. However, there is
(prove) to support this. But chocolate does contain a lot of fat, and
addictswould do better to eat less.If vour diet is balancedvou need not feel euiltv: eatins chocolate
(moderate)is fine but don't eat it insteadof a proper meal.

59
 + WRITING

PersonalLetter
Thisis apartof a letterfromAndrea,yourEnglishpenfriend

...Guesswhat! I'm going to havemy tooth out. It's awful! Have you ever had any teeth
out? Is it paiffil? My parents say I need to go to dentist at least twice a year but I'm really
afraid of doctorsand hospitalsand I don't understandthe necessityof going there if you have
no pain and aches. Wat do you think of it? Do you visityour dentist regularlyT

By the way,I'm goingtojoin a yoga class.

Writesoon.
Bestwishes,
Andrea

. Writebackto Andreaansweringherquestions.
o Ask 3 questions
aboutheryogaclass.

Write100-140words.
Remember the rulesof letterwritine.

Argumentativecomposition

It is believedthat youngpeopletoday ore not as healthy as they werefifty yeors ago.

What is your opinion? Do you agreeor disagree?

Wrire 200-250 words.

Use the following plan
. make an introduction. (statethe problem)
. expressyour personalopinion and give 2-3 reasonsfor your opinion
. expressan opposingopinion and give I -2 reasonsfor this opposingopinion
. expresswhy you don't agreewith the opposingopinion
o make a conclusionrestatingvour opinion

60
Readthe text, Iearn the vocabularyand discuss

HEATTHY LIFESTYLEAND HEAIJTHYEATING

Tb insuregood heolth: eat lightly, breathedeeply,

Iive moderoIe 11,,,ulrrror, cheerfu lness,
and maintain an interestin life
William Londen

You hear a lot about living a health,vlifestyle,but what does that mean'l In general.a healthy
persondoesn'tsrnoke,is at a healthyweight,eatshealthilyand exercises. Soundssimple,doesn'tit? The
trick to healthyliving is making smallchanges...walking, addingfruit to your daily menu, havingan extra
glasso1-water... thesearejust a few waysyou can startliving healthywithout drasticchanges.
First of all, you can regulateyour diel and exercise.Doing sportson a regularbasishasa number
of positiveeffects.It can reducethe risk of heartdisease,improvemood and reducesymptomsof anxiety
and depression.E-rercising you loseweight,burn offcaloriesand tone up your muscles.
The next important part of a healthy lifestyle is abalanecdj[et. Peopletoday are probably more
concernedabout food than everbefore.Dieting (or being on a diet) doesn't mean that you should cut
all your favouritefoodscontainingfat or carbohydrates. It just meanseatingsensibly.You needto get all
types of substancesincluding t'at, protein and carbohydratesand try to avoid too much tuk food.
To be healthy,peopleshouldgetrid of theirbad habits.It's necessary to stopsmokingand drinking
alcohol. Everyoneshould rememberthal cigarettes,alcohol and drugs destroyboth body and brain.
Besidesaccordingto statisticsmost of crimesare committedby peopleunder the influenceof drugsand
alcohol.
It's alsoimportant to consult doctors regularly.practicegood h)'gieneand developpositiveattitude
to life. Keeping active way of life you can qapctry{h-itreis!
On the u,hole,we must rememberthat rnoderationin eatingand drinking, reasonablehours of
studying,regularityin exercise,recreationand rest and many other essentialslay the foundationsfot
good health and long lil'e.

9 STUDENT CARD

Give a 2-2.5 minute talk on the topic "Healthy Lifestyle and lleolthy Eating"
Rememberto soy:

. To be healthy meansto havea happy life

. Ifhealthy eatingis necessary
. Ifavoiding bad habits is necessary

Answerthe questiou What do you personallydo to be healthy?

6l
 WORD FORMATION

I. Fill in the spacesin thefollowing text using o suitable form of the wordsgiven in brackets. Pay attention to
the useof negativeprefixes such as dis-, un-, im-, ir- etc
The British governmenthas decidedto take the (popular)decision to ban
smoking in a lot of public places.Though a lot of people find smoking (please)
and though expertsall agreeit is (health)and it coststhe state a lot to treat victims of
smoking, it is also (deny)that many people get pleasurefrom the habit and find
smoking (resist)when they are in company.
However. it is now (possible)to deny the antisocialnature of the habit.
As advertisinghas proved (effect)with many smokers,the government has now
made smoking (legal)in most public places.Smokerswho are
(ability) to stop smoking may feel the new measlrresare unjust, but for the passivesmokersfrom whom a
roomfull of smokeis (bear)they will come as a breathof freshair.

2. Fill in the spacesin thefollowing text using a suitable form of the wordsgiven in brackets
In the past,any mother would be (pride)if her childrenwere round and slightly
fat. Those days are gone. (research) have now reached the
(conclude)thattoo muchfatandsugarinchildren'sdiets area majorfactorinthe
(develop)of heart diseasesand other (ill) when they are older. However, growing
children need to eat a wide rangeof foods. and their health could be (danger)
by cutting out particularones.Psychologists saythat the (solve)is not to change
eatinghabitstoo fast,but to do it (care).so that childrendo not lose musclein addition to
lat. Parentsshould presentfood a little
(different),spreadbutter thinl-v"
and avoid putting sLrgaron the table. Children
shouldalsobe (courage)to takepart in sports:thiswav theywill be usingcalories
that they haveeaten.

o WRITING

PersonalLetter

This is a part of a letterfrom Andl'.your Errglishpen friend.

...1'm starting tofeel really unfit! Do you exercisea lot? How often do you exercise?
Wat should I do to getfit? I'm thinking ofjoining a gym. Is thst a good idea? ll/hat elsecan
you recommend?

Write back soon.

Best wishes,
Andv
o Writebackto Andy answeringhisquestions.
. Ask 3 questions
abouthis summerholiday.
Write100-140words.
Remember the rulesof letterwritine.

62
 comPosition
Argumentative

thata vegetarian
It is belieyed of eating'
dietis theonll'healths'way

diet?
Whatis youropinionon a vegetarian

Write200-250 words.
Usethe followingPIan
. makean introduction.(statethe problem)
. yourpersonalopinionandgive2-3 reasons
express for youropinion
. opiniorrandgive1-2 reasons
an upposi,rg
express for thisopposingopinion
. whyyou don't agreewith the opposingopinion
express
. makea conclusionrestatingyouropinion

63
Read the text, learn the vocabularyand dlscrss

EATINGOUT
A restaurantis a fantasv - a kind of livingfantosy
in which dinnersare the nrostimoortantmembersof the ca,st
WarnerLeRoy

Eating out has become a popular form of entertainment, which lots of us enjoy. In restaurants,
cafesand pubswe celebratedifferentimportant occasions.meet friends.havedatesor just go to eat if we
are bored with cooking at home. Sincegoingto other countriescan be quite expensive.dining in ethnic
restaurantscan alsobecomean alternativethat offersyou the opportunityto samplesomethingdifferent.
Ten yearsago, the only type of foreigncuisinethat was widely availablein our city was Chinese;
todayhoweverwehave@'ranging|romhotandspicyMexicanfoodtomuch
more delicateflaya$ of Japanesesushi.More of us eat out regularlyand we can get excellentfood in
lotsof differentkindsof restaurants - French,Indian. Italian.Greek.Russian,Japanese, and Chinese.
Traditional British and Irish pubs are very popr-rlarin our city as they servenot only excellenttypes of
beerbutgood mealsalgaad-pqe€saswell. Furthermore,someethnic restaurants and pubsoffer different
forms of entertainmentlike live music and traditionaldancing.
ln restaurantsyou often havethreecourses:a stafier(e.g.soupor salad),a main course(e.g.steak
or chickenor fish). and a desse( (e.g.strawberries or ice-creamor a pieceof cake).You may also have
an aperitil(adrink beforethe meal.e.g. gin and tonic). and coffeeafterthe meal.When you pay the bill
-
(AmEng check), you may alss_leaxe_alip(money for the waiter) if you are sa[is0crlwith the service.
Usuallyl0 per cent of a bill is quite enough.If it is a popularrestaurant, you nlay alsoneedto book a
table in advance.
Last time I went to the restaurantwas last week. My parentsand I celebratedour small family
occasionso we went to the restaurantthat serryes Mexicanfood. It wasa good idea.The food wasof very
high quality - hot and spicybut not greasy.The servicewasefficientand friendly.There wasa Mexican
band playing for part of the eveningso the atmospherewas lively.The only disadvantage of the place
wasthe absenceof the placetbr non-smokersr.vhichwasstrangebecausenon-smokingpolicy in public
placesis spreadingreall.vrapidly.Still, it wasa good night out and excellentvaluefor money.

Study the vocabulary:

o An expensiveevening.but it wascertainlyworth it.
. The servicewasquick.
. The placewaswav overpriced/ olerrated.
o Allthe food is homemade.
. Only the freshestingredientsare used.
o The servicewasfriendl-vand unhurried.
. I gaspedwhen I took the iook at the bill.

64
 O STUDENT CARI)

Givea 2-2.5 minutetalk on thetopic"Eatingout".

Rememberto say:

. Whypeopleeatout
r Whereyou caneatout
. The procedurein a restaurant
. Yourlast visit to the restaurant

Whatarethe popularplacesfor eatingout in your city?Why?

Answerthequestion:

VOCABUI"ARYEXERCISES

I. Put each ofthe following wordsor phrasesin its correctplace in thepassage

recipe fast food eat out dish bill tip

cookerybooks menu take-away waiter snack ingredients
[,materriblecook.I'vetriedhardbutit'snouse.I'vegotlotsof(a)-,Ichoosea
(b) Iwanttocook,Ireadthe(c)IpreparealltheneceSSary(d)-and
follow the instructions.But the result is terrible, and I just have a sandwichor some other quick (e)
. So I often (f)_. I don't like grand restaurants.It's not the expense;it's just that
I don't feel at easein them. First the (g) _ givesme a (h) _ which I can't understand
becauseit's complicatedand haslots of foreign words. At the end of the mealwhen I pay the (D _
I never know how much to leave as a (i) I prefer (k) _ places,like hamburger shops
where you pay at once and sit down and eat straightaway.And I like (l) places,where you buy
a meal in a specialcontainer and take it home.

2. Put each of thefollowing words or phrases in its correct place in the passage

snack recrpes meal ingredients cooker

chefs saucepans raw dishes dairy
Cookery books are usually written by famous (a) . These books are full of
(b) , telling you how to cook different (c) . They usually tell you what (d)
you needfirst.Thesemight be (e) meat,vegetables, or (f)
productslike milk and butter.Then, they tell you what equipmentyou need,such as (g)
or bowls. When you've got everyhing, and you've turned the (h) on, you jr-rstfollow
the instructionsin the book. Anybody can cookl Whether it's a complete(i) orjusta o
, all you haveto do is follow the adviceof an expert.[t's easywith the right book.

o WORD FORMATION

1. Completethe sentenceswith the correctform of the word in bold

The origin of the potato crisps
The potatocrisp was the (invent)of George Crum, in 1853.He worked as a
chef at a popular resortin the USA. One dav a (custom)decidedthat he didn't like the
(thick)of his fried potatoes,and sentthem backto the kitchen.Crum madesomemore,
but the man (turn)theseaswell, makingthe same (complain).Crum

65
got angry and, hoping to annoy the man, he made a third batch which were much
(thin) and could not be eatenwith a fork. To his (amaze)the man lovedthem - and so
potatocrispswereinvented.Sincethen. their (popular)hasincreased
(drama),ar,d they are eatenall over the world. But GeorgeCrum was (aware)at the
time that his inventionwould causesreat (confuse)in the futurebetweenthe Americans
(who call them chips)and the British(who call them crisps).

2. Completethe sentenceswith the coruectform of the word in bold

Coffeehouses
coffee houses are a _ (special) of viennese rite. Each one serves a nuge
(select)of exotic coffees,so you should consultthe menu. The most popular coffee
is Brauner,which is (similarity)to espresso.The waitersare (extreme)
polite and must be spokento (respect).Most regularsit for hours overone cup of coffee
and do not feel obligedto order further (refresh).
Tourists often cause (annoy) and are seen as (invade)who try to
strike up conversations. The viennesedo not go to coffeehousesto be (social)lthey
go to be seenin public. [Jpon leaving,it isn'l (necessity)to leavea very largetip.
The (knowledge) coffeedrinker r,rsuallyroundsthe bill up to the nearestschilling.

WRITING

PersonalLetter

This is a partof a letterfrom Susie,yourEnglishpenfriend.

...4s you are going to visit us soon I'd like to know what kind offood yoa prefer. lVhat
do you think offastfood like McDonald's? Do you think you could cook ussomenational dish
for us?
I hsve tofinish now. Tomoruowmy psrents are coming home after their holidays and
I have to clean theflat...

Write back to Susie.

ln your letter
. a n s w e ar l l h e r q u e s t i o n s .
o ask 3 questionsabout her parents'holidaytrip

Write 100-140 words.

Rememberthe rulesof letterwritiug.

66
O GUIDED WRITING

you add?
1) Read the srguments about FastFood Restaurants.fl/hat can
A Usethe cuesto write your composition

For:
. The serviceis quick and you don't haveto wait'
. The food is cheap,especiallyfor young people'
o They are the sameever)ryvhere, so you know what to expect'
o The restallrantsareusuallycleanand the waiterswear specialuniforms'
it savesa lot of time for busy
. They do their best to attract children. they organizepartiesand
Parents.
a

Against:
-
o The food containsa lot of fat and all is placedin a bun that is unhealthy.
. You don't reallysit down to eat.
you enjoy or get used to'
. The food is the-sameeverlrvhereyou can't order the dishes
a

Argumentative comPosition

cities'
More and morefast.foodrestaurantsore being openedin modern
What is your opinion on fast food restaurants?

Write 200-250 words.

Use the following Plan
. make an introduction. (statethe problem)
your opinion
. expressyour personalopinion and give 2-3 reasotrsfor
. expressan opposingopinion and give 1-2 reasonsfor this opposingopinion
. expresswhy you don't agreewith the opposingopinion
. make a conclusionrestatingyour opinion

67
Read the text, learn the vocabula4, and discuss

ENTERTAINMENT
AND LEISUREACTIVITIES
I would rother enterlain and hope that peoplelearnedsornething
than educutepeopleand hope the_vwereentertained
Walt Disnev

Our world would be hard without rest and recreation.Peoplehave quite different ideasof how to
spend their free time. For some of them the onl-vway to relax is watching TV or surfing the Net, others
use their sparetime getting maximum benefit from it. It you enjoy doing some activity in your free time,
then you havea hobby.A hobby is a kind ofself-expression and the wav to understandother peopleand
the whole world.
Lots ofpeople find goingto the cinemaone of the bestwaysof spendingtheir leisuretime. There is
no doubt that a visit to the cinema is excellententertainment,and quite cheap.You can alwaysfind a film
you like among horror films, thrillers,westernsor comedies.Despitethe fact that video production has
floodedthe market,cinemahouseshaven'tbecomelesspopular.Thanksto new equipmentthat provides
an excellentquality of picture and sound,modern cinemasattracta lot of people.
Watchingtelevisionis anotherpopular form of entertainment.Televisionsatisfiesthe interestsof
many people due to the variety of TV programs:featureand documentaryfilms, sitcoms,news, sport
gamesand so on. Unfortunately,a many peoplewatchtoo much TV and may be calledcouch potatoes
(the onessitting in comfortablechairs,munching on potato chips,watchingprogramson T\r1
The new lifestylebrought about greatchangesin the theatre.We are to admit that theatreis not
as popular now as it usedto be. However.quite a lot of peopleconsiderit to be one of the most popular
forms of entertainment.Living in SaintPetersbLrrg ]-oucan reallytakeadvantage of its theatreland.There
are drama theatres,opera houses,comedv theatres,where the audienceis excitedby the prospectof
seeinga play and its favounteactors.Puppettheatresaregreatfor kids.
Other popular forms of entertainmentand spendingleisuretime are...
As for me, I can't say I havea lot of freetime for entertainment.However,wheneverI get some,
I do my best to have as much fun as possible.Most of all I like hanging out with my frierrds.If someone
suggestsgeMg_e-uI,I alwaysagree.The next thing I adore is having my friends over. We play computer
games,chat, listen to music, dance and have fun. One more thing I like doing is to eat out. [n recent
yearsgoing out for a meal or having takeawa)'meals has become popular. Unfortunately,it is quite
expensiveand I haveto asknty parentsfor somepocketmoney.

o STUDENT CARD

Give a 2-2.5 minute tolk on the topic "Entertuinment and Leisure Activities".
Rememberto soy:
. How differentpeoplespendtheir free time
. What types of entertainmentyou know
o How you usuallyspendyour leisuretime and why
Answerthe questions:
. Do you prefergoing to the cinemaor u'atchinga video at home?Why?
o Wlrat are the most popular (or the most fashionable)fornis of entertainmelttamong teensin
Russia?

68
 ? YOCABULARY

Study the vocabularyconnectedwith differentforms of entertainment

Literature:novel,short story,chapter,poetry,sciencefiction ...
'couch potato'...
Television:remote control, satellitedish,
\?es of programs: news broadcasts,commercials,documentaries,quizzes,political debates,chat
shows,sitcoms,sportsprograms,soapoperas,series,wildlife films, cartoons...
People:announcer,director,cameraman,reporter,producer,playlvright,poet, novelist,author...
Music: concert, opera, ballet, band, choir, record, headphones,composer,conductor, songwriter,a
pieceof music
Theatre:performance,play, cast, drama, stage,rehearsal,costumes,dramatist,review,first night, a
playbill

+ WORD FORMATION

Complete the sentenceswith the cowectform of the word given in brackets

1. SnowWhite and the SevenDwarfs
Public (react)to the Disney film 'Snow White and the SevenDwarfs' when it
was first shown in 1937was (ordinary).Tt wasreceivedwith great (excite)
and it immediatelybecameenormously popular (through) the world. Good advertising
was not the only reason for this (world) popularity; the film and its characters
capturedthe (imagine)of peopleall overthe world like no film beforeit. In Britain, there
were (day) newspaperarticlesabout the film and how it was made. Snow Wite toys
and books were on (sell)everlrvhere.Somepeoplethought that it might be
(upset)for childrenbut most peoplesawit as
(harm) entertainment.Since 1937,it has been re-issuedeveryfew years,giving
(enjoy)to manygenerations
of children.
2. Realityshows
Lovethemor hatethem. (real) showsare very popular. Why are we so interestedin
the (relation) and in the (argue)ofordinary people?It's becausethey arejust
like us. We all havestrons (feel)towardsthe people we live and work with. Often, we find it
hard to get (advise)onanyprobiemswearehaving'Bywatchingthe-(decide)
they make on our screens,we gain (know)about how peoplereactto stressfulsituations.lt's
almostlikea-(psychology)experiment.Wecanseewhentheyare (succeed)
andmakethesituationworse.This_ (inform)helpsusin our ownlives.As always,
TV is much
morethan iust (entertain).
3. Busking
Street (perform),or'buskers',help makeany city centrea placeof
(entertain).In any major city. you can find young. (employ)peoplejuggling.playingthe
guitar or evendoing magic tricks for money.All they need is a (suit) placeto perform and a
good crowd. Some peoplemight (approve)of busking.but most peopleagreethat it's an
(enjoy)breakto havean (expect)showwhen you're out shopping.
Someyoung people, (able)to afford a luxury trip around the world, busk in order
to travel.It's _ (comfort),but it's cheap.Unlessyou are (luck), a few hours
playing will pay for a bed. The (advantage)is that you need to have some talent or you
might go hungryl

69
4. Complete the sentenceswith the correctform of the word given in bruckets
a) Shespendstoo much moneyplayinggamesin the (amuse)arcade.
b) My friendsthink that men who knit are hilariously -- (fun).
c) One of my most (enjoy)hobbiesis playinga musicalinstrument.
d)Itisso--(please)tolieonthebeachdoingabsolutelynothing.
e) We could hear loud (laugh)coming from the flat downstairs.
D The (photograph) askedus to smile at the camera.
g) He kept the childrenamusedwith his (humour)stories.
h) Her new noveIis sureto (delightful)her readers.
i) It is so (peace)to sit by the seaand watchdolphinsplaying
j t My ideaof a total (happy)is a shoppingtrip to Milan.

+ WRITING

PersonalLetter

Thisis a partof a letterfromAndrea.your Englishpenfriend

...Guesswhat! I'm ill with the chickenpoxand the doctor saysI have to stay in bedfor at leasl
the next two weeks.It's awful! Have you ever stayed in bedfor so long becauseyou were ill? lYhat cun
I dofor two weeksin bed? I'm going to misssucha lot of schoolwork, too. How will I manage to catch
up? By the way,my parents are coming backfrom lapan.
Write soon.
Best wishes,
Andrea

o Writebackto Andreaansweringher questions.

. aboutherparents'trip.
Ask 3 questions

Write 100-140words.
Remember the rulesof letterwritine.

Argumentativecomposition
Realityshowsare goining moreand morepopularitl,with teenogers.
What is your opinion?

Write 200-250 words.

Use the following plan
. makean introduction.(statethe problem)
. expressyour personalopinion and give 2-3 reasonsfor your opinion
. expressan opposingopinion and give I -2 reasonsfor this opposingopinion
. expresswhy you don't agreewith the opposingopinion
. makea conclusionrestatingyoLrropiniorr

70
Read the text, learn the vocabularyand discuss

GLOBAT PROBLEMS OF THE WORLD

Human use,population,ond technologyhavereached

that ceftain stagewheremother Earth no longeracceptsour presencewith silence
Dalai Lama XIV

Nowadaysthe humanityfacesa greatnumberof variousproblems.The scientificand technological

progresshas changedthe life on our planet and as a result our natural resourcesare exhausted,the
ecologicalbalanceof the planet is disturbed,many speciesof flora and fauna disappeared,pollution
threatensever!'thingalive.But the environmentalproblemsare not the only ones.Everyyearthousands
of people die becauseof wars of annihilation, terrorism, different diseases,natural disasters,social
problemsand in different terrible accidents.
Our environmentis vitally connectedwith the problem of peaceon our planet. The scientists
considerthat nuclearwar could destroymankind completely.It's true to saythat nowadaysgreatmasses
of chemicaland bacteriologicalweaponshavebeenstockedin the world. If any of theseweaponsis used,
the casualtieswill run into tensof millions. becausemankind has no immunity againstbacteriological
weapons,and the useof chemicalweaponswill resultin masscontaminationof the area.
In recentyearsterrorismhasbecomea seriousissue.Peoplealwayspanic about the possibilityof
terroristsgettinghold of nuclearweaponsor they may blow up a nuclearpower stationinstead.Another
worry is about the possibilityof our watersuppliesbeingpoisoned.Latelyother forms of terrorismsuch
as "suicideterrorism" and bombing havebecomea real threat. Everyoneremembersthe tragedywhich
happenedon the 1I th of Septemberin the USA when terroristshijackedtwo planesand crashedthem
into two buildings in New York. Unfoftunately, there is little we can do about it, except.place our faith
in the government,and hope that measurestakento preventterrorismare successful.
There are also diseasesthat still can't be cured. One of them is AIDS. This devastatingdisease
strikesthe body's immune system.Millions of people have alreadydied of AIDS. To overcomethis
problem we need further progressof scienceand personalresponsibility.Other examplesof incurable
diseases are differentforms of cancerand heartdisorders.
They saythat recentextremeweatheris due to globalwarming.Bad weatherthreatensour homes
and evenour life. One of the worst weatherhazardsis the storm known as a hurricaneor cyclone(the
combinationof enormouswind speed,heary rainfallsand high seas).Another terriblething is a tornado.
Tornadoesareblack,twistingcloudsthat suddenlyappearfrom nowhere,travelat terrifyingspeed,move
in unpredictableways and causecatastrophicdamagein seconds.It's extremelydifficult to forecast
wherethey are likely to strike.Peoplealsosufferfrom earthquakes(a suddenshakingmovementsof the
ground), floods (when water coversthe land), drought (a long period of time when there is little or no
rain and cropsdie) and avalanches (a largeamount of snowand ice that suddenlyfallsdown a mountain;
a largeamount of substancethat fallsdown somewhere:an avalancheof rock/stones/mud).
To sum up, I think that the most dangerousproblem is naturaldisastersbecausewe can't predict
and avoid them in time.
As for the ecologicalsituation in the world, we can saythat it's gettingworse. Peoplecut down
forestsand rainforests,pollute air. water and soil, so rare plant and animal speciesdisappearand the
climate changes.We have the time, the money and eventhe technologyto repair the damage.All we
needto do is to open ollr eyesand act immediatel-v.We can pleycnl-Itagg-diesif only the governntenthires
responsiblespecialists who don't overlookhuman or computererrors,look afterthe buildings,roadsand
transport,keepnatureunder a strongcontrol and developan ability to resistany terroristactivity.

71
 } STUDENT CARI)

Give a 2-2.5 minute talk on the topic "Global Problemsof the World".
Rememberto say:

o What global problemsof the world are and what causesthem

r What natural disastersyou know
o The measureswhich shouldbe doneto survive

Answerthe question:What is the most seriousproblem of the world in your opinion and why?

A VOCABULARYEXERCISE

Fill in the gaps in thefollowing sentenceswith un appropriate wordfrom the box

floods earthquake [amine drought disease

emergency refugees aid charity injuries
L The crops have failed again and is widespread.
2. The latestSan Francisco measured 4.5on the fuchterscale.
3. In caseof breakthe glassand push the button.
4. Half a million havenow crossedthe border in an attemptto find food.
5. I nevergiveto I think it shouldbe the government'sresponsibility.
6. The presentgovernmenthasgiven more in to needy countries than any
other in living memory.
7. Many children have sufferedterrible as a result of the fighting.
8. A new has been discoveredwhich causespartial blindnessand skin
problems.
9. There hasbeena in certain parts of the country due to the lack of rain.
10. There has been so much rain that some rivers have burst their banks and there have
been

A WORD FORMATION

1. Fill in the gaps in thefollowing sentenceswith the correctform of the words in brackets
l. The of the ozone layer is one of the worst things that has happened.
(destroy)
2. If we don'tsendfood.therewill be on a massivescale.(starve)
3. We needto find a to the problem beforethingsget seriouslyout of
hand. (solve)
4. It is shockingthat ten per centof the populationlive belowthe line.(poor)
5. Someof the most beautifulIndian tisersare facins . (extinct)
6. If the (pollute)getsany worse,I'm goingto move to the country
l. I believethe of the planet is worth fighting for. (survive)

72
2. FiA in the spacesin thefollowing text using a suitable fornt of the wordsgiven in brackets
It is t-to exaggerationto say that the world has become a global village. Modern methods
of (communicate)havemade the world much smallerand the problemswe face
suchas (pollute)are not restrictedto one country.The (destroy)of
in
the rainforests Brazil is evervone's problem and the (stane) which is common
irr many African countriesis a challerrgefor Europetoo. The (extinct)of rare species
is a tragedyfor the planet as a whole and the (exhaust)of oil supplieswill shakethe
(found)of the world's economy.The (protect) of the environment
is the responsibilityof all nations, rich and poor. However,uncontrolled economic
(compete)between strongand weaknationsleadsto (create)of greatinequalitybetween
the rich and poor nationsof the world.

3. Complete thefollowing text with the correct words derivedfrom the words in bold
The islandof Madagascarwasin a stateof total I ) (devastate)yesterdayafter hurricane
Geraldawreckedmillions of dollarswofth of land and propertyovertwo-day period.
The island was lashedbv 2) (torrent) rain and winds of up to 350 km per hour. Seventy
people were killed and 500.000were left 3) (home). ln the city of Toamasinaalone,
80,000people lost their homes.The main 4) (commerce)port of the island was almost
destroved and70 Dercentof the island'sfarmlandwascomDletelv 5) (flood). There were 6)
(heartbreak)scenesaspeoplereturnedto the ruins that wereonce their homes.
Hurricanes gather speedand strengthover water, and Geralda traveledover a large areaof water
beforeit hit the island of Madagascar.This is part of the reasonwh;r the storm struck so 7)
(severe).

o WRITING

Argumentativecomposition

Scientificprogresscon't be made v'ithoutperfonningexperimentson animals.

What is your opinion?Do you think it is necessaryto perform experimentson animals?

Write 200-250 words.

Use the following plan
. make an introduction. (statethe problem)
. expressyour personalopinion and give 2-3 reasonsfor your opinion
. expressan opposingopinion and gil'e 1-2 reasonsfor this opposingopinion
. expresswhy you don't agreewith the opposingopinion
. makea conclusionrestatinsvour ooinion

1a
/)
Read the text, learn the vocabularyand discuss

SCIENTIFICAND TECHNOLOGICALPROGRESS

Tbchnologicalprogressis like an axe in the hands of o pathologicalcriminal

Albert Einstein

It is impossibleto overestimate the role of scienceand technologyin our 1ife.We can't imagineour
contemporarylife without telephonesand cars,computersand many other devicescreatedor modified
by science.Now we live in the information era when the computer network embracesthe globe and
connectsnot only the countriesand spacestationsbut also a lot of people all over the world. New
technologiesare beingwidely developedand usedin differentspheresof life.
There is, however,another part of the story, less obvious and lesswell known, but far more
important. It is a story of expandingintellectualhorizons- the impact of scienceon the mind of a man.
Fundamentally,scienceis an intellectualenterprise,an attemptto understandthe world in a particular
way.All the developmentsmentionedaboveare but the results,the outcomesof this intellectualactivity.
Scientistsinvestigatethe lawsof the universe,discoverthe secretsof nature,and apply their knowledge
in practiceimprovingthe life of people.
However,every medal has its reverse.Nowadayswe realizetl-iatthe rapid scientificprogresshas
arouseda number of global problems:ecologicalproblems,the safetyof people and nuclear power
stationsand the nuclearwar threat.Suchinvenlionsas nuclearweaponsand ballisticmissilesmadewars
of annihilationpossible.
A lot of peopleare surethat scientificand technologicalprogressthreatensnature.Differentkinds
of pollution, holes in the ozone layer, acid rains and greenhouseeffect are the result of it. A lot of
inventionsare harmful for our environmentand the future of our generation.If we don't think about the
solntiorrto theseproblems.u'e'll ruin the placeof our habitatver-v-
soolt.
I think that by meansof scienceit is possibleto find harmlesstechnolog_ies, usepurifying systems,
produce environmentallyfriendly productsand developalternativesourcesof energy.But solutionsto
theseproblemsneedgreatinvestmentinto science.

(..) STUDENT CARI)

Give a 2-2.5 minute talk on the topic"Scientific and TeclmologicalProgress".

Rememberto talk about:

a The role of scientificand technologicalprogressin our life

a Iftechnological progressthreatensnature and people
a What can be doneto find the right balancebetweenthe technologicalprogressand the safetyof life

Answerthequestion'Canvort think of an)4hil.l-s

vou would hke to seeinventedthat will rnakeyour life
easier?

Do you know that there ore many Nobel Prize winnersomong Russiunscientists?
. Ivan Pavlov(the Nobel Prizefor medicinein 1904)
. Ilya Mechnikov(the Nobel Prizefor chenristrl,in 1908)
r Nikolai Sem-vonor' (the Nobel Prizefbr chentistr-v
inl95tr)
. Ilya Frank.P.Cherenkov. I. Tamm (the Nobel Prizefbrphr,sicsin 195ii)
. Lev Landau(the Nobel Prizefor ph-vsics in 1962)
o PeterKapitsa(the Nobel Prizeforwork in magnctisnr physics,1978)
and lou'-temperatllre
Canyou add more names?

/+
 O WORD FORMATION

Form a word thatfits eochgap

A technologicalnightmare
I had a really_ (dread)weekendlast month. In forly-eight hours, almost every_
(electric) appliance in the house broke down. The computer was first. A messageappeared saying
'Disk_ (fail) and I just had to switch it off and call the_ (technical) for help. Next was the
washingmachine.I hearda terriblenoiselike an _ (explode)and when I went to check,the laundry
was full of smoke.I managedto _ (plug)the machinejust beforeit caughtfire. _ (believe)as
it may seem,the fridge stoppedworking the sameday. It startedto _ (frost) itself for no reasonand
there was water all over the kitchen floor. By then I wasa _ (nerve)wreck, so I decidedto lie down
for a while. I wasjust falling (sleep)when my electric toothbrush startedbuzzing (loud).
Somehowit had switcheditselfon!

O WRITING

Personall,etter

This is aparl of a letterfrom Mark, your English-speaking

friend, who writes:

...Yesterdaythere wassomethingwrong with my computer! It was awful! Now I understand

how addicted I am to all theseelectrical appliances...How ofien do you useyour computer? Do you
only useit to chot on the Net? Do you havea digitol comera?
Soon my parents are going to bay me a new iPod...
o Writebackto Mark answeringhis questions.
o Ask 3 questions
abouthis newiPod.
Write 100-140words.
Rememberthe rulesof letterwritine

Argumentativecomposition
It is widely believedthat we rely too much on machines,and that the more technologyimproves,the
lazier ond weakerhumans will become.
What is your opinion on this problem?Do you agreeor disagree?
Write 200-250 words.
Use the following plan
. make an introduction. (statethe problem)
. expressyour personalopinion and give 2-3 reasonsfor your opinion
. expressan opposing opinion and give 1-2 reasonsfor this opposing opinion
. expresswhy you don't agreewith the opposing opinion
. make a conclusion restatingyour opinion

75
Read the text, learn the vocabularyand discuss

MASS MEDIAIN THE MODERNWORLD

Mass media bombardpeoplewith sensotion.That substitutesJbr thinking

Ray Bradbury
Mass media is communication- whether written, broadcast,or spoken- that reachesa large
audience.This includes television,radio, advertising,movies, the Internet, newspapers,magazines,
and films. Mass media is a significant force in modern culture. Modern media not only reflects but
also createsthe cultr.rre.The generalpublic typically relieson the massmedia to provide information
regardingpolitical issues,social issues,entertainment,and news. Media messagespromote not only
productsand news,but moods,attitudes,and a senseof what is and is not important.Massmedia makes
possiblethe concept of celebrity:without the ability of movies.magazines,and news media to reach
acrossthousandsof miles,peoplecould not becomefamous.
The mass media has evolved significantly over time. The newspaperwas the original platform
for massmedia. For a long period of time. the pr-rblicrelied on writers and journalistsfor newspapers
to providethem with the latestnewsin current events.Peoplestill read papersto know the latestnews.
Nowadayswe can saythat broadsheetneu'spapers are seeinga seriousqlropin circulationwhile tabloid
newspapersare in no danger of dlzingout. Bold headlines,appealingphotos, low prices and colour
supplementsmake tabloidsthe perfectchoicefor millions seekingsolneescapefrom real life.
Televisionis the most effectiveplatform to reachthe generalpublic Programming is increasingly
divcrse with shows almet_ts_plcaseall ages, incomes, backgrounds. and attitudes. This wrdesprgad
availabilitlzand exposuremakestelevisionthe primary focusof most massmedia discussions. Teenagers
are watchinglessTV becauseof the serviceswhich allow them to watch a programwhen they want. If
they watchTVthey preferprogramscoming on in seasons. seriesor football matches,for example.Mass
media also plays a critical role in educatingthe public; there are many educationaltelevisionstations
that you could learn from, like National GeographicChannel, DiscoveryChannel, and the History
C h a n n e l t, o n a m ea f e w .
Today, the Internet is the most relevantform of massmedia and has becomea major tool for
news outlets. Since the evolutionof the Internet, the generalpublic is now able to accessthose same
newsoutletsin an instantwith just a click of a mouse,insteadof havingto wait for scheduledprograms.
Everybodycan easilyget sonleaccessto the Net. be it at school,work or home. On the Net peoplecan
find tlie information for a variety of topics. get the latest news and do the shoppingwithout leaving
home. Internetmediaprovidemany massmediaservices, suchas email,websites, blogs.and Internel-
basedradio and television.The Internetalsoplal'san essentialrole in educatingthe generalpublic. With
the information on the Internet, one could learn anythingfrom somethingas simple as how to tie a tie,
to the more complexlike how to build a computer.Most teenagersare [eavity activeon a c
Ol social networking sites.Email communicationand social networkshave become one of the most
popular waysof keepingin touch as one can interactwith friendson a wide scale.
In many cases,the massmedia is the only sourcethat the generalpublic relieson for news.Many
pcople say 'l believeit becauseit hasbeerrreportedon TV'. Unfor-tunatel-v. rnediadoes not alwaysuse
its power responsibly.The media hasa lot of powerand it doesn't alwal'sappreciatethe extentto which
it can affectthings.Tlrrough massmedia, ne\\'soutletshavea major influenceon the generalpublic and
a tx4iorllpael llt the public's opinion on certaintopics, especiallyin politics and business.Public or
officialgovernmentopinion quite often doesn'tstimulatecreativethinking and makespeopledependent
on the viewsexpressed by others.Now with things like Twitter peoplecan spreadthe news,but it does
run the risk that it's not alwayscorrect.So to be responsiblemassmedia consumerswe sliould get the
informationfrom differentsourcesand be critical of what we hear and read.

76
 c STUDENT CARD

Givea 2-2.5 minutetalk on thetopic"MassMedia in theModern World".

Rememberto sa)':

. Abouttheroleof massmediain modernlife

. Aboutdifferenttpes of massmedia
o Whatthepositiveeffectsof massmediaare
o Whatthenegative effectsof massmediaare

Answerthe question:Where do you prefer to get infonnation from? Why?

<> WORD FORMATION

1. Read the text below. Usethe word given in brackets toform u word thatfts the gap
Internet: how it affects us
One of the most (value)functions of the Internet is its
(information) function.The internet keepspeopleinfornred about current events,as well as about the
(late) (achieve)in scienceand culture. You can even find out
how to passfrom the (ground)stationto the houseof your girlfriend, who has
(recent)movedto London
Recentlythe systemof (distance)learnirrghasbeconre
(popularize).
You can studyforeignianguages and evenstudyin universities.Individual
(educate)program can be developed (especial)for you.
The Internet is also (wide)used in business.Thanks to the Internet we have
rapid (connect)with partners liom all corners of the world. You can even
conduct (negotiate),hear and seeyour contacts,and (change)
graphicand textualinformation.

2. Fill in the correct word derivedfrom the words in bold

The Internet
The Internet has chansed (communicate)as we know it. From education to
, (advertise)this neu' (technology)advancehasaffected (practical)
everyaspectof our lives.Magazines,newspapersand evenbooks are on-line and can be read on the
computer.You can find (inform) on any topic - the _ (possible)are
(end).The Internetcan (instant)connect yoll to other computers,allowing you to cliat
with peopleall overthe world.It's actualll'ver)'easv to learnhou,to usethe s)/stem,and onceyou'reou-
line, you'll neverwant to turn the computer off. The _ (develop)
of such technology hascome
a long way. These (amaze)electronicdeliceshavechangedmany people'slivesforever.

77
3. Read the text below. Usethe wordgiven in bracketstoform a word thatfits the gop
On the box
What do you needto becomea (success)TV personality?The people
who are usually chosento host TV quiz showsand chat showsseemto have a few
(qualify) for the job apart from having an (attract) appearance:in the case of
women, this means being blonde and (beauty).A certain level of intelligenceand
educationis (essence)but most peoplewho work in the media do not seemto
be very (talent) in any other respects.The sad thing is that TV personalitieshave
a (power) influence on viewers and it is (nature)for
young viewersto admire thesecharmingpeople,wearingthe (late) fashion and
alwayssmiling. However,today'syouth desene (good)role modelsthan these.

} WRITING

Argumentativecomposition
The Intemet has more drowbacksthan advantages.
What is your opinion on the Internet as a sourceof information?

Write 200-250 words.

Use the following plan
. make an introduction.(statethe problern)
. expressyour personalopinion and give 2-3 reasonsfor your opinion
. expressan opposingopinion and give 1-2 reasonsfor this opposingopinion
. expresswhy you don't agreewith the opposing opinion
. makea conclusionrestatinsvour oninion

78
Read the text, learn the vocabulsryand discuss

EAMILY REIATIONS
In everyconceivablemanner,
thefamily is link to our post, bridge to ourfuture.
Alex Haley

As soonasthe man stepsin this world, the first individualshe comesacrossarehis family members.
The first personis the mother who hastakengreatpain to bring him to this world. Then is the fatherwho
is alwaysthereto carefor him. Then come the siblings.
Psychologists referto a family consistingof mother. fatherand their children as a nuclear
r.rsually
family. An extendedfamily includesaunts,uncles,nephews,cousins,nieces,grandparents,daughters-
and sons-in law and other relatives.Familiesthat include either a mother or a father but not both are
calledone-parentor singleparentfamilies.Most single-parentfamiliesare the resultof divorce.
'a
The word family hasmultiple meaningsin dictionary.It is socialunit living together'or'parents
and their children as a group, whetherdwellingtogetheror not'. [n a broaderterm, distant relativescan
alsobe addedto this group. However,it is much more than that. Family is the first learningplaceof an
individual in this world. Startingfrom childhood until old age,he learnsever)'thingfrom his family. He
learnshow to love, how to behave,how to come alongin life, all from his family. This developsa sort of
affection among all family members.They are alwaysthere to help each other.
The family systemworks like a chain. Youngerpeoplelearn from elderswhile eldersdependon
their kidsfor a lot of things.When kidsgrow up, get marriedand havetheir own children,the whole cycle
is repeatedagain.Family memberswill alwayscome to yoLlrrescuewheneveryou needthem. You can
alwaysshareyour problemswith your family and you alwaysfind a better solution for your problemsafter
a discussionin the house.We can't makeit out without our family in life. When you are disappointedor
confusedby the outsideworld, your family is alwaysthereto fall back on.
Youngerpeoplethesedaysoften considerfamily a burdenoverthemselves and try to get awayfrom
them. They actuallyfail to realizethat family is the group that hasmadethem so strongto facethe world
without any help.
Unfortunately, the contemporary habits of socializationand work have preventedus from living
in a harmonious family relationship.There are severalthings that individuals, especiallyyoung adults,
can do to solvethis problem. Firstly, giving more priority to family life is essentialfor working parents
to havea good relationshipwith their children.Parentsshould fosterthe bond betweensiblings,as well
asbetweeneachparentand child. Secondly,no matterhow busythey are, young working adultsshould
contact and visit their parents.Sometimes,evenjust a simple phone call can be enoughfor parentsto
feel that you love them. Finally, ability to cornpromiseou areasof disagreementis essentialin a family.
There must be open honest communication about everl'thing. Peopleliving together should be palicn!,
understanding,careful,tenderand devotedto eachother and iravea good senseof humour.
Parentsfeel great affection for their children and try to bring them up in a proper wa]r.There
are differentopinions on how children should be treatedif they disobeytheirparents,break the rules,
and don't keep their words or promises.Most people think that parentsshould be patient, kind and
understanding.They should remembertheir own sreen years.The rules and children's behavior are
discussedin suchfamilies.Othersbelievethat childrenought to obeytheir parentsin any situationand if
they don't, they shouldbe punished.From my point of view.sr-rch principleswon't do a lot of good. The
fear of punishmentmay lead to selfishness, cruelty ar-rdlies.So, being an ideal parent is a very delicate
task demandingtact, patienceand diligence.
It is necessaryto mention that in a caseof divorce people should think first of all about their
children,otherwiseit can causeunpredictableconsequences.
It would be a mistaketo think that a happyfamily doesn'tfaceany problems.H owever,it's essential
for parentsand their childrento be alwaysreadyto experimentand find a way out of the problem.Mutual
affection,trust and distributionof responsibilities are the thingsthat strengthenfamily relationship.

79
 } STUDENTCARD

Give a 2-2.5 minute talk on the topic"Family Relations".

Rememberto say:

o If it is important to havea good family, why/why not

o What things can help the family membersbecomecloser
o How disobedientchildrenshouldbe dealt with
o .{ few words about your family

Answerthe question'Does your family help you to solveyour problems?

O VOCABUI"ARYEXERCISE

Fill in the blonl<swith the wordsgiven

uncle husband parents grandmother wife family grandparents widower

A nuclear family consistsof only a _ and a and children. In my country,
an extended is more common. It consistsof not onlv of and children
but also of , aunts,unclesand cousins.My liveswith us and loves
lookingafterhergrandchildren.
My mum'sbrother,my George,isa
and haslived with us sinceAunt Helen died. He is alsomv Godfather.

O WORD FORMATION

Fill in the correct word derivedfrom the word in brackets

As your children move towards_ (depend)it's important to make sure they understand
what decent valuesare. To prevent them from becoming (spoil) and (greed)
you shouldn't indulge them too much. To make sure they grow up well- (manner)they
should be (teach)to be polite from an early age.Children should be scoldedfor bad
(behave),whichwillbean-(effect)wayofhelpingthemto
(distinct) right from wrong. You need to reward your children when they do things well to give them
a senseof (proud).You shouldtry to makeyour children (tolerate) and
(respect)of otherpeople's (believe)by exposingthem to
(differ) racesand cultures. Parentsshould try to place great (important)on setting
a good exampleto their children, as children's (behave)is often an
(imitate)of their parents'.

80
 O WRITING

PersonalLetter
This is a partof a letterfrom Christine,yourEnglishpenfriend.

...Do your parents criticize you whenyou don't do well at schoot?Mine seemto put me under
so muchpressure. Vl/hatcan I do? Do you think I should tell them that it's making me unhappy?How
can I explain to my parents how lfeel? I try my bestat schoolbut I just neverseemto get top marks. By
the way, next month my parents are going on holidays and suggestI should go with them,

Write back soon with vour advice.

All the best,

Christine

. Writebackto Christineanswering her questions.

. Ask 3 questionsaboutthe holidaysparentsaregoingto.

Write100-140words.
Rememberthe rulesof letterwritine.

O GUIDED WRITING

Argumentativecomposition

Many parents encouragetheir children to study well by giving them extra pocket moneyfor eochgood
mark.
Do you think that beinggivenextra pocketmoneywill help childrento studybetter?

l) Completethe text with the missing wordsand phrases

2) Put the poragraphs in the right order

however,firstly,while, in my opinion, secondly,to sum up, moreoyer,

A. ( 2 ) , parentsshould not givetheir childrenmoney in order to encourage

them to studybetter.Getting extrapocketmoney may becometheir main targetand studentsmay start
cheatingso asto get good grades.(3)_. childrenmav ger upsetwhen they do badly
at school not becauseof their poor knowledgebut becausethey will get no money.
B. It cannotbe deniedthat moneyoils the wheelsof the world. Many parentsseepocketmoney
as a way of encouragingtheir childrerrto do well at school.Somepeoplebelievethat pocket morley can
reallyimprove school performance,(l) othersclaim that it will neverwork if a child
hasno desireto get knowledge.
C. I completely disagreewith the above opinion. (5) , it is normal to
expect pupils to do their homework properly becauseit is their duty as are household chores
(6) , many teenagers nowadaystry to getpaft-timejobs and irr my opinion, this is
the bestway to understandthat gettingmoney is hard work

81
 D. (4) , someteenagers saythat gettingextrapocketmoney for good school
gradesteachespupils that money does not grow on treesand developsa senseof how much has to be
done to earn it. They claim that studying is really hard work so it is fair to be rewardedfor their efforts.
E.(7) , there are two points of view on the problem of getting extra
money for good studying.As I seeit, this practicehas more bad than good sidesand pupils should by
readyto learn for learning'ssake.

l.
2.
1
J.

^
T.

5.

Argumentativecomposition

Somefamilieshavean only child;otherschooseto hate two, threeor evenmore children.

What is your opinion? Would you prefer to be an only child in your family or to have brothers and
sisters?

Write 200-250 words.

Use the following plan
. makean introduction. (statethe problem)
. expressyour personalopinion and give 2-3 reasonsfor your opinion
. expressan opposingopinion and give 1-2 reasonsfor this opposingopinion
. expresswhy you don't agreewith the opposingopinion
. make a conclusionrestatingyour opinion

PARAGRAPH I. INTRODUCTION
One-child householdshave doubled over the last three decadesmaking it one of thefastestgrowing
family units. Somepeopleclaim that

_. However,other people orgue that

PARAGRAPH2
In my opinion(2-3 opevveHma
c nodmoepxdeuun.nu
u,tunpu.uepauu),

82
PARAGRAPH3
On theotherhand,somepeopleclaimthat(npomueonotoJrcHor
mo.lKa3peHurc apzy,MeHmauu)
_

PARAGRAPH4
I totally disagreewith the aboveidea(s)because(o6oncuuma,
noqe.My
He coeiaceHc udeauuus
napaepaQa3, nodmeepdumaapeyueHmo.Mn,
He noemopfltoulur4u
napaepaQ2)

PARAGRAPH5. CONCLUSION
thereoretwopointsof viewon theproblemof beingan onlychild
Tokingeverythinginto consideration,
in thefamily. Tb my way of thinking,

83
Read the text, Iearn the vocabularyund discuss

TRAVELAND TOURISM

One's destinationi,snever a place,

but a new way of seeingthings
Henry Miller

Travelingis an activity that can be enjoyedby anyone. It can bring a new senseoflife into a person
and give a completely new view on the world. The most conrmon reasonswhy people travel are to get
away from their current situationsand locatiolls,to enjoy new experiences,learn new languages,try
new food, and get acquaintedwith new culture. Some people travel to experiencedifferent seasonsor to
c hallcx€il hcrxscllqt
In many countriestourism is one of the fastestgrowing industrieswhich has become a major
sourceof their income and seriouslyaffectstheir economy.Touristsspendmoney on local goods and
servicesand so provide locals with work. Hotels, bars, transport, shopsand restaurantsall need staffing
and becauseof tourism demand, people can get much-neededemployment.Tourism can provide an
incentivefor investmentin developmentof infrastructuresuchas roadsand rail networks,aswell asfor
funding local medicaland educationfacilities.What's more, tourism is the way of showingoffttaltattal
and local heritage.Millions of tourists go sightseeingaround museumsand archaeologicalsitesand
hope to absorbsomeof the cultureof the placethey are visitingto broadentheir mind.
Unfortunately,there is a flip side of tourism. If the developmentof the colrntry is uncontrolled,
unplanned or happens too quickly, it can pale?_Ihleal 10 natural environment. Moreover, ancient
buildings,monumentsand cathedralsoften struggleto cope with the vastamountsof tourist traffic and
ruflfer_wcarand tear, or damage.Very often, if you are on a packageholiday, very little money goes to
local people.Most of the profitsgo to the foreigrr-ownedcompaniesthat rr-rnthe biggestresorts.Quite
an upsettingfact is that touristscan often lack respectfor local traditionsand culture,not following local
dressstandards,for example.Martin Jacques,a lamous British journalist, once said that 'television
and tourism havemade the rvholeworld accessible and thus havecreatedthe illusion that we enjoy the
knowledgeof other places.when we barelyscratchthe surface'.He may be right as it is simply impossible
to learn anythingmeaningfulabout a culturein just two weeks.
Nevertheless, the World Tourism Organizationpredictsthat in the XXI centurytraveland tourism
will become the world's largestindustry aycrtakilg information technologiesin terms of money. In
comparisonto the holidaymakersof the )C( centurywho mostll,chosebeachholidays,the XXI century
touristsprefer travellingon their own, choosingself-cateringaccomnrodationand visiting more than
one country during one holiday.With the accessto the Internetpeopleare becomingmuch more aware
of what is availableto them in terms of holiday choices.Peopleare willing to be more adventurousand
independentjumping at atly c to explorethe world.

Typesof holidays:

Backpackingis a form of low-cost.independentinternationaltravel.It includesthe useof a backpackor

other luggagethat is easilycarriedfor long distancesor long periodsof time; the useof public transport;
inexpensivelodging suchasyouth hostels.
A packagetour or packageholidayconsistsof transport,accommodationand mealsorganizedby a tour
operator arrd sold to a consLrmerby a travel agent.Other sen,icesmay be provided like a rental car,
activitiesor outingsduring the holiday.Transporlcan be via chafterairline to a foreigncountry.
Activity Holidaysare chosenby activepeopiewho love skiing.scubadiving, hiking etc.
Cultural Holidaysare popular with thosewho want to seemollLlments.churches.mlrseumsand other
sights.

84
 Campingis an outdoor recreationalactivity.The campersstayovernightoutdoors,usuailyat a campsite.
Camping may involvethe useof a tent. caravan,motorhomeor a cabin.Campingis an inexpensiveform
of accommodation.
Ecotourismis a form of tourism involving visiting undisturbed natural areas.It is a responsibletravel to
natural areasthat conservesthe environment and improvesthe well-being of local people. Ecotourism
hasa save-the-planet goal.

Study the vocabulary:

To choosea good lour operator
To book well in advance
To get vaccinations
To confirm a booking / flight
To apply for a passport/ visa
To makea hotel reservation
To arrangetravel insurance

+ STUDENTCARD

Give a 2-2.5 minute talk on the topic ,,Traveland Tourism',.

Rememberto so),:

o What makespeopleleavetheir homesand visit far-awayplaces

o What the advantagesof tourism are
o What the disadvantages of tourism are
. Ifyou like travelingand how you prefer to do it

Answerthe question:Wrat trip wasthe most successful

and memorablefor vou?

C VOCABUI,ARYEXERCISES

1. Circle the odd word out

. airplane: seatbelt,wing, deckchair,cockpit
. car: windscreen,boot, brake.anchor
. bicycle:pedal. saddle.exhaustpipe. chain
o train: buffet car, track, handlebars,luggagerack
. ship:deck, bonnet, bridge,cabin

2. Decide which of thefollowing wordsare connectedwith a) planes, b) ships,c) trains, d) buses.Somewords

can be usedmore than once

Locomotive. mast. runway, harbor. drir.'er.flight. artendant.carriage.life-jackets.dashboard.

platform, co-pilot, engitre-room,radar. boarding pass.plrrser.number plate, wagon,
horn, level
crossu.lg,
compartment,rearview rnirror.

85
3. Put each of thefollowing words or phroses in its correct place in the passagebelow

departurelounge departuregate departures board handluggage

announcement securitycheck immigrationofficer securityguard
excessluggage conveyorbelt check-in desk check board checkin
taxi trolley runway on board duty free passengers takeoff

When you travelby air you haveto get to the airport earlyin order to (a) about an hour
before your flight. If you havea lot of luggage.-voucan put it in a (b) and push it to the (c)
, where someonewill (d) yourticket and weight your luggage.If you have (e)
it can be expensive.Your heaq, luggageis put on a (1) and carried away.A light bag
is classedas (g) _ and -voucan take it with you on to the plane.An (h) looks at your
passportand a (i) checksyour hand luggagebeforeyou go into the 0) _ to wait till
your flight is called. If you want to, you can buy some cheap (k) _ goodshere. Then you see
on the (l) _ or you hear an (m) _ that you must (n) your plane. You
go through the (o) and then there is sometimesa (p) _ beforeyou actuallyenter
the plane. When all the (q) _ are (r) --, and when the captainand his crew are readyin
the cockpit, the plane beginsto (s) to the end of the (t) . Finally, permissionis
receivedfrom the control tower and the plane movesfasterand fasterin order to (u) _

4. Put eoch ofthe following words or phroses in its correct ploce in the passagebelow

destination stopover jetlag souvenir abroad

self-catering resort adventure
holiday brochure

If you stayin rooms,you haveto cook your own food.

A is a kind of small magazinethat often advertises holidays.
is a town where lots of peoplego on holiday.
You sufferfrom when you arrive in a country where the time is very different from the
countryyou left.
Your is the placeyou are goingto.
is a breakin the middle of a very long flight.
s are fun for peoplewho enjoyphysicalexerciseand trying new activities.
Whenyou go , makesureyou takeyour passportwith you/
I got a model of the Acropolis as a of mv trio to Athens.

5. Fill in the correctwordfrom the list

trip route voyage tour flight journey travel

.l
l .lt's a good ideato takebreaksduring a especiallyif you are driving a long way.
z. My daughteris going on a school next week.
3. The lrom London to New York takesabout eieht hours.
A
a. I felt seasickdurins the
5 . Do you preferto by.* or train'l
6 . My parents have just come back from a of Scotland.
'7.
I had to take a different to work this mornine due to road works.

86
 + WORD FORMATION

L Usethe word given in bold toform o word that fits the gap

It is not always easy being a (tour). You sperrd half of vour time making
(arrange) for your holiday and the other half worrying about sticking to the
(time). I think it's relaxing sometimesto spend a holiday at home. There are
no (culture) problems, you do not need someone to be the
(photograph)and you know that the local (inhabit) are friendly.

2 . Usethe word given in bold toform a word thatfits the gap

l . Beijinghas changedso much in the last few yearsthat it's almost (recognize)
2. The new trains run on a (complete) different systemfrom ordinary trains.
J. The number of cars (world)is about a billion and it rs increasinsall the time.
+ . Living in a foreigncountry reallydoes (broad)your horizons
5 . I can't find a (direction)flight from London to Delhi so I've booked one that
changesin Frankfurt.
6 . All passengers mustcompletea visaform upon__ (arrive)at Singaporeairport.
1 . You can still see old milestonesby the side of the road in England, showing the
(distant)to the nearesttown.
8. The Museum of Transporthasa full-sizedjet plane next to the (enter).

3. Fill in the correct word derivedfrom the words in bold

A new type of train may soon be in __ (operate)in Germany.So far testshavebeen

(success) and it is hoped that in l0 years'time (commute)willbe ableto travel
from Hamburs to Berlin in lessthan an hour. The Transraoidtraiti is (actual)the world's
lowest-flying aircraft. It has been designedto travel at up to 420 km per hour, and it has neither wheels
nor a motor.
Insteadofrails, a seriesof (magnet)unitspowersthe train,allowingit to "fly" onecentimeter
abovethe tracks.Sirrceit is suspendedin the air, it can turn sharpcornersat very high speedswithout
creatingany (notice)disturbanceinsidethe train. (environment)haveserious
(object)to the train, however,as it is (significant)noisier that normal trains.
Nevertheless,it seemsthat the new train will soon be a popular (alternate)to traveling by
plane betweencitiesin Germany.

87
 C WRITING

PersonalLetter
You havereceiveda letterfrom your English-speaking
friendCarlawho writes:

...My classwent on a one-day trip to Straford-on-Avon last week.I really enjoyedit though
travelling by bus waslong and tiring. Do you often go on school outings? Do you enjoy thesetrips, why
or why not? What wasthe most interestingtrip?
My Grondfother was 70 last weekand wehad afamily gathering...

Writea letterto Carla.

In your letter
. answerher questions
. ask3 questions abouther familygathering

Write100-140words.
Remember the rulesof letterwritine.

C GUIDED WRITING

Argumentative composition

1. Study the example

2. Paraphrase thefollowing topicsfor compositionsto make theproper introduction part with twopoints of
view on the problem (the first paragraph) to the compositions

Example:
'On-line
educationis o growing industry, but is it a blessingor a curse?'

What is your opinion?

Due to recenttechnologicaladvances,a growingnumber of peoplegive up the clossroomenvironmentand

chooseto study on-line. Somepeopleclaim that distant learning will completelysubstitutetraditional waysof
education.However,othersarguethot thereis nothingbetterthon real-life communicationwith a teocherin
the classroom.

'Not
1. all peopleenjoya 9-to-5 workingdo1:111
ofrce'.

88
 2. 'A lot of parentsbelievethat children watchtoo tnuch TV.

3. 'Only thepeoplewho eorn a lot of moneyare successful'.

Argumentativecomposition
Comment the followins statement.

Tburismruins everythingit touches.

What is your opinion? Do you agreewith this statement?

Write 200-250 words.

Use the tbllowing plan
. make an introduction. (statethe problem)
. expressyour personalopinion and give 2-3 reasonsfor your opinion
. expressan opposingopinion and give l-2 reasonsfor this opposingopinion
. expresswhy you don't agreewith the opposingopinion
. make a conclusionrestatingyour opinion

Study the clueson Travellingand Tourismwhich may help you in your writing:

. Tourism can bring economic_sainto the developmentof the country.

. Tourism is extrerne ly beneficialas it providespeoplewith jobs.
r Most popular resortsare polluted and overcrowded.
. Tourism bringsculturesand peoplecloser.
. Travellingis a part of people'seducation:it broadensminds.
. Many ancientmonumentsare destroyedby crowdsof tourists.
. The increasingnumber of touristsdamagethe local environment.

89
 Read the text, learn the vocabularvand discuss

STAYINGIN A HOTEL

Thegreat advantageof a hotel is

thot it is o refugefrom home life
GeorgeBernard Shaw

while traveling,people needsomewhereto stay.that's why there are

a lot of good hotelsat their
disposal.Still, if you do not want to get disappointed,it is advisableto book
accommodationin advance
by telephoneor Internet' particularlyif you aretravehngin sumnrer.In that
caseyou won,t needto leave
the hotel becausethere is no roont, u'hich is alu'ay's an unpleasantexperience,especiallyif you arriveat
nieht.
Almost all modern hotelshave rooms with all modern conveniences: air-conditioning,a private
bathroom,a telephone,a TV-set,and others.The serviceis usuallyquite
satisfactory.You can take a
s i n g l er o o m .a d o u b l er o o m o r a s u i t e .
Supposing,you booked accommodationin a hotel. Your taxi drives up
to tlie entranceof the
hotel; you pay the driver and get out of the cab. The porter helpsyou with
the lLrggage and you enterthe
lobby of the hotel. You go to the receptiondeskand speakto the receptionist,
this is the clerk who is in
chargeof roonrsand who registersthe newcomers.
Whetl you are through with all the fornralities,y,ouwill get the key your
to room and a lobby boy
will takeyou to your room.
At a hotel you call get variousseryllcs.If y'ouwant to haveyour suit pressed
or dry-cleaned.your
shirt ironed. or your laurldry done, you should ring for the maid. You can
also haveyour mealsserved
into your roorX-The Up is usuallygivenwith the wordsof thanks.
In the lobby thereare a lot of offices:alootrngofiee. posrarndan information
desk.Nearly all the
hotelshavebars,restaurants. gyms and swimnringpools.
Bills are usuallypaid at the end of sta-v. When you are readyto checkout, you tellthe deskclerk to
get your bill ready.
As for me, the lasttime I stalredin a hotelwaswhen...

Explain thefollowing words:

B&B, guesthouse,
inn, motel,youthhostel,campsite,holidaycamp,full board,halfboard.
self'-caterine.
resort

+ STUDENT CARD

Giveo 2-2.5 minute talk on the topic,,Stal,ingin a Hotel,'

Rememberlo sq':

a Why peoplestay in hotels

a What modernconveniences you may find in a hotel
a What servicesyou can find in a hotel
a If you haveeverstayedin a hotel, whereand who with

Answerthe question.Whatis betterin vour opinion. stayin a hotelor renta

flat?Whvl

90
 O WORD FORMATION

Form a word thatfits eachgap

1. Customersusuallvmake a phone call or senda fax to make a (reserve)
2. I'm not sureof the exactdatesvet so I'd like to makea bookirig for the 24'hto
28"'(provision)
3. Therearemoreglleststhanrooms.I'm afraidthe hotelis (booking)
4. I'm sorrv.butthercis no for the honeymoonsuitefor the period you require.
(available)
5. The customerhasbeentakenill so we've had a of the booking. (cancel)
6. There is no one in room 507at the moment and room 508 is also (occupy)
7. One of the first jobs to be done by the receptionisteachday is to dealwith the
(correspond)
8. The hotelasksguests
not to leave piecesofjewelleryin the room. (value)
9. The managementhope that computerizeddoor lockswill thievesfrom getting
into hotel rooms. (prevention)

O WRITING

PersonalLetter

This is a partof a letterfrom Mary,yourEnglish-speaking

pen-friend.

...1t wasgreat to hear that you wentto Italy duringyour summerholidays.I havealways
wantedto visit this wonderfulcountry.Did you enjoyyourjourney? Wat placesof interestdid you
visit? Wat impressed you mostof all? Did you like your hotel?
Asfor me, I'm awfullytired becausewe'vegot too many testsat school.Can't waitfor the
aatumnbreak...
Writebackto Marv.
In your letter
. answerher questions
. ask3 questionsaboutherplansfor the autumnholidays

Write 100-140words.
Rememberthe rulesof letterwritine.

yl
Read the text. learn the vocabulamand discuss

ADVERTISING

Advertisingis the on of convincingpeople

to spendmoneytheydon't have
for somethingtheydon't need.
Will Rogers

Although the averagecitizen is usuall-vannoyedby all the advertisements printed in newspapers

and magazinesand the commercialsbroadcaston TV the impact of the whole adverlisingindustry on
a singlepersonis immenseand playsa very important role in our lives.Advertisingabsorbsvastsumsof
money but it is usefulto the community.What are the functionsof advertisements?
The first one to mention is to inform. A lot of the information people have about household
glevices,cars,buildirrgmaterials.electronicequipment.cosmetics.detergents and fbod is largelyderived
from the advertisements the),read.Advertisements introducethem to new productsor remind them of
the existingones.
The secondfunction is to sell.The productsare shownfrom the bestpoint and the potentialbuyer,
on having enteredthe store. unconsciouslychoosesthe advertisedproducts. One buys this washing
powderor this chewinggum. becausethe colorful TV commercialsconvincehim of the bestqualitiesof
the product. Evencigarettesor sweetsor aicohol are associated with the good valuesof human lit-esuch
asjoy, freedom, love and happiness,and just those associations make a person choosethe advertised
products.The aim of a good advertisement is to createa consumerdemandto buy the adverlisedproduct
or service.Children are good exampleas they usr.rally want the particularkind of chocolateor toy or
chewing-gum.Beingnaive,they cannot evaluatewhat is truthful and what is exaggelalgd.
Thirdly, sincethe maiorit-vof advertisements are printed in our presswe pay lessfor newspapers
and magazines.also TV in most countriesis cheap.The public advertisingseenon streethoardings,
railwaystationsand buildingsmakespeople'slife morejoyful. Nloreover,all thosesmall adsin the press
concerning"employment", "edlrcation" and "for saleand wanted" columns, help ordinary people to
find a betterjob or a better employee,to sell or to buy their second-handthings and find services,or
learnabouteducational facilities.socialeventssuchas.concerts.theatreplays,footballmatches,and to
announcebinhs. marriages and deaths.
Nevertheless, despiteour dissatisfaction when beingbombardedby all the advertisers'information
we must admit tliat they do perform a usefulsen'iceto society,and advertisements are an essentialpart
of our everydaylife.

r) STUDENT CARD

Give a 2-2.5 minute talk on the topic'Advertising"

Rememberto sot,:

a What role advertisingplaystoday

a What the positiveand negativeaspectsof advertisingare
a Ifadvertising is necessaryfor you, why or why not

92
 o WORD FORMATION

Complete the sentenceswith the correctform of the word in bold

1. Advertisements
It cannot be denied that (advertise) does have its drawbacks. Some
advertisementsshow life (reall and give (true)
information.In advertsall people seemto be happy (consume). all kidsseem
to be (health)and well off. But this is not true at all. In
(add),advertsdo not talk aboutproductsdefects.What is more, advertisingincreases pricesfor consumers
and put ( p r e s s )
o n t h e n rm a k i n gt h e mb u yt h i n g st h e yd o r r ' tn e e d l.t i sa l s om u s t
be (forbid)to advertisealcohol and cigarettesas these
(produce)are really (harm).

2. Firstwomenin advertising
At the turn of the centurv.there were few career (choose)for women rn
(busy);however,advertisingwasone of the few. Sincewomen were responsible
for most of the (purchase)done in their household,
(advertise)
and agerrcies
recognizedthe (valuable)of wonren'sinsight during the
(create)process.In fact, the first American advertisingto use a sexualsell was
createdby a woman - for a soap (produce).Although tame by today's standards,
the (advertise)featureda couplewith the nressage"The skin you loveto touch"

3. TV adverts
Manytelevision (commerce)featuresongsor melodies("jingles") or slogans
(design) to be striking and (memory), which ma-v
remair-rin the minds of televisiolr (view)long after the span of the advertising
campaign.Some of thesead jingles or catch-phrasesmay take on (life) of their
own, spawninggagsthat appear in films, televisionshows, magazines,comics, or literature.These
long-lastingadvertisingelementsmay be said to have taken a place in the pop culture history of the
(generate)to wlrom thel'appeared.Examplesare the
(endure)slogans,such as "l ? New York", Just do it (Nike) or'Because yolr are worth it' - L'Oreal
Cosmetics.

4. SunerBowl
In the United States.the TV advertisement
is (general)consideredthe
(effect)mass-marketadvertisingformat, and this is
(reflection)by the liigh prices TV networks chargefor commercial (broadcast)
airtirneduring popularTV events.The annuaiSuperBowl Americanlbotballgameis known asmuch for
its commercialadvertisements as for the gameitself.and the averagecost of a single30-secondTV spot
during this (legend)game(seenby 90 million viewers)hasreachedUS$3 million. As
a result,watchingand discussingthe broadcast'scommercialshasbecomea
(signify)aspectof the event.In addition. many poplllar singersand (music)have
performedduring the event'spre-gameand halftimeceremoniesbecauseofthe
(expose).

93
 1..) WRITING

Argumentative
composition

Advenisingis commonthroughouttheworld.However,not oll peopleconsiderit helpful.

Whatis youropinion?

Wrire200-250 words.
Usethe followingplan
. makean introduction.(statethe problem)
. yourpersonalopinionandgive2-3 reasons
express for youropinion
. an opposingopinionandgiveI -2 reasons
express for thisopposingopinion
. why you don't agreewith the opposingopinion
express
o makea conclusionrestatingyouropinion

94
Read the text, learn the vocabularyand discuss

BOOKS

With evervbook. vou becomean investig,ative

,rpinrr. Yoi spenda lirtle rime leirning
whot it's like to live in someoneelse's
SNOCS

John lrving

There is no dolbt that readrngis verv important.By learningto readyou iearnhow to concentrate,
how to use your imagination, and to visualizethe storiesin your own way. Undoubtedly, readingis
becominglessand lesspopular nowadays,with the increasingpopularity of TV, videosand computers.
I'm not surepeoplereadas much asthe'ywatchTV or videonow. However,I think that with booksyott
alwaysget a picture in your mind. and havecer-tainideasabout certaincharacters,so vivid sometimes
that it can becomea disappointment whertthey makea film out of your tavouritebook.
Booksof differenttypesand genresarepublishedeveryyearttt numerouspublishinghousesso you
can choosea book which bestsuitsyour requests. A lot of bookshopsilre beingopetredtoday in our city
and provide customerswtth a greatvarietyof books.What's more, in somebookshopsyou can drink a
cup of coffeewhile readinga bestsellerand meet authorspresentingtheir latestworks.
There are differentkirrdsof books.You know that childrenlike readingand listeningto fairy tales,
fables,ShOrt_StA11gS. There are also historicalnovels.adventurebooks, sciencefiction, love stories,true
stories,aulSbjqgpphjg,Sand detectivesfor people of all ages.Some people prefer referencebooks and
encyclopaedias or usethem in their work.
Audlotsats are popular with people who spend a lot of time in cars getting to work and beilg
stuck in traffic jams. For some of them it is the only opportunity to appreciatebooks in our hectic
lifestyle.Thc AriySnlot'electronicpublishingand the Irtternetllcans tlrat mLichtrcrvitllbrmationis trot
priltccl in paperbooks.but is maclcrilailablconiinc througha digitallibrary,on CD-ROM. or irt tltc
lbrm of E_]Xrolr.A1 online book is an c-bciolithat is availablconline throrighthc Internet.
Some people think that electronicbooks are great. You can store thousandsof books on an
e-reader,whereaspaper books take up lots of spaceat home. Furthermore,you don't need to go to a
bookshopbecauseyou cetnbLryand receivebooksonline instantly.
'real' book
On the other hand, printed books are still very'popular.Sontepeoplepreferto hold a
and like to touch paper pages.You can lend a lavourite book to a friend but you can't borrow your
friend's e-readerfor a couple of weeks.Bcqdes, electrotticbooks are quite expensive.
Electronicbooksare undoubtedll,arealll,usefulinvention.Man.vpeopleusethem but they won't
replacepaperbooks in the future.
Readingbooks enhancesnot only the grammarand diction of a person,but also broadenstlte
horizonsof knowledge,enrichingthe innerworld of a person.As a result,good readerscan easilyand
effectivelycommunicatewith others. Such skills are essentialfor improving an individual's overall
personality.S. Maughanlonce saidthat "a real masterpiecemakesyou sharefeelingsand emotionswith
the characters,follow the plot and think." I believethat we shouldtry to readasmany booksaspossible.
no matterwhetherwe swallow,chew or digestthem.

95
Russianwriters and poets:

Britishwritersand poets:

Americanwritersand noets:

As for me I'm into....

I'd like to tell you about a book I've recentlyread/ I'd like to tell you about my favouritebook.
I t i s " . . . . . "b y . . . .
The main charactersare ...Mostly I liked ....because
The olot is (quite, very) funny, serious, dramatic, gripping, moving, clever, thrilling, typical, boring,
predictable,ordinary,silly because....
The situationis set in....
This book hasgot a lot of original ideasabout.....
This book is reallyworth readingI this book isn't worth reading.

Study the vocabulary:

Books:entertaining,boring, shocking,frightening,sad,exciting
Scarycharacters,tragic end, too much violence,funny incidents,predictablecharacters
Original ideas,unhappy situations,lots of action, repetition

C STUDENT CARI)

Give o 2-2.5 minute talk on the topic"Books".

Rememberto talk about:

o The role of books in our lives

. Typesofbooks
o Advantagesand disadvantages ofe-books
. The book which is your favourite or which you haverecently read

Answerthequestion:Will.in youropinion, books continue to exist with the developmentof the

lnternet resources?
Whv/ whv not?

O WORD FORMATION

1. Complete the sentenceswith the correct form of the word in bold

TennesseeWilliams

Tennessee Williamswasbom in l9l4 ar,d spenthis (child)in (east)

Mississippi.His real name was Thomas Lanier Williams, but like many people in the
(pursue)of fame, he adopteda pen-name.During his (young)he uorked in various
(occupy)includinga periodasa shoesalesman.
However,it was of course as a (drama) that he becamefamous. His best
work was basedon the (live) of southernAnerican societywith its pretenceof well-

96
mannered and (elegance)behavior.His most famous (achieve)
include 'A StreetCar Named Desire" and "Cat on a Hot Tin Roof'. Both disnlava
(combine)of socialawareness
and emotionaltension.Manv (success)films have been
made, basedon his plays.

* WRITING

PersonalLetter

...1 enjoy reading very much and I read a lot in my spore time. I would be really interestedto
find out more aboutfamous Russianwriters. Wo is yourfavourite writer at the moment? Haveyou got
enough time for reading?
By the way,I am thinking ofjoining our school'sLiterature CIub.
Write soon.
Take care,
Mary
This is a part of letter from Mary, your English pen friend.

Writebackto Mary.
In your letter
. answerall herquestions.
. ask3 questionsaboutherschool'sLiteratureclub

Write100-140words.
Remember the rulesof letterwritine.

Argumentativecomposition

Somepeoplesay that reading a book without illustrations is boring.

What is your opinion on bookswith illustrations?

Write 200-250 words.

Use the following plan
o make an introduction. (statethe problem)
. expressyour personalopinion and give 2-3 reasonsfor your opinion
. expressan opposingopinion and give 1-2 reasonsfor this opposingopinion
. expresswhy you don't agreewith the opposing opinion
o make a conclusion restatingyour opinion

97
Read the text, learn the vocabularyand discuss

ART: PNNTINGS AND PNNTERS

Art ffirs twogreat gifts of emotion -

the emotion of recognitionand the emotion of escape.
Both emotionstake us out oJ-theboundariesof self...
Duncan Phillips

People say that they need art as a way of understanding the world around them and a way of
expressingtheir feelingsand emotions.There are many differentforms of art - literature,architecture,
sculpture,paintirrg,drawing, music, dance,theatre,cinema, etc. There are many stylesand genresof
art aswell.
Painting is the art of portraying or representingobjectswith line and colour. There are different
genresof painting:the landscape,seascape, still life, portrait, genrepainting.Artistsexpresslhruideas
through composition,colouring. light and shadeeffect. Many techniquesdevelopedthrough centuries
allow artiststo transformtheir feelingsinto flat irnageson a canvasor a pieceof paper.Paintingssendus
back to life and to other artswith the ability to seebeautyall about us aswe go olt our accustomedways.
There is a galaxy of great painters in Russia.Andrey Rublyov and Pheophan Greek are wotkl:
known icon painters.Ivan Shishkincan be calledthe singerof Russianforests,("Morning in the Pine
Forest"), while l.Levetan derived inspiration from the Russianautumn. The Peredvizhnikiinclude
artistssuch as Ilya Repin ("Ivan the Terribleand his Son Ivan") and VassilySurikov ("The Morning
of the StreletskiExecution", "Boyarynya Morozova"). Victor Vasnetsovchose the folk Russianstyle
("Bogatyrs"), Mikhail Vrubel is noted for originalityof thought and novelty of form, his "Demon" is
the fruit of his fantasticimagination. The work of Ivan Aivazovskycan be regardedas a singleepic poem
of the sea("The Ninth Wave"). Russianart is brilliantly represented in The StateRr.rssian
Museum.
As for British painters,the best known are William Hogafth, JoshuaReynolds,Gainsborough,
Constableand Turner. Some of their masterpieces are erhibited in The Hermitage,in the department
of Englishart.
Modern paintershavea lot of opportunities nowadaysto demonstratetheirworks of art in different
museumsand art-galleries,evenon the street,in the so-called"Art zones".
My favouriteartist is Ivan Nvazovsky(1817-1900).He gaineda worldwide fame by his romantic
paintings,rclu&able for their emotional colours. In his painting "The Ninth Wave" he revealedthe
beautyofthe mighty seaon a stormyday and conveyedit masterfully.The raysofthe settingsun penetrate
thror"rgh the dark low clouds.In the centre.a magnificentwave.curled like a shell,portraysthe conflict
of wind and water.The colouringis masterful;the treatmentof light is wonderful.The angry line of the
horizon contraststhe smooth water in the foreground,where a nlast of a wreckedship is floating with
severalpeople. clenchingto it for life. The sitLration rs desperate. lt's the moment of highestemotional
tension.The picture is romantic in its patheticvigour and realisticin the masterfuldepictionof the sea.
In the degreeof finish,tliis paintingis unsurpassable. It is a poeticand convincingseascape. oTheNinth
wave>> is a real Aivazolskv'smastemiece.

Sndy the vocabulary:

A landscape- a picture representinga tract of country with the variousobjects.In the context of art
Iandscapegenerallydenotesa picture and not a view depictedthere. Wren speakingof the view use
scenery,countryside.
A seascape - a painting or other artisticrepresentation
ofthe sea.
-
A still life a paintingof suchunanimatedsubjectsas fruit, flou'ersand other decorativethings.
Genrepainting- a paintingthat represents scenesfrom everydavlife in a more or lessrealisticway.
-
The fine arts famousand highly recognisedforms of art especiallypaintingsor sculptures.
Visualart - art opposedto literatureor music which yor"riook at

98
Performing a'rt- arr forms such as dance or drama which involvesdoing things.
Performanceart - a type of art that can combine acting, dance, painting, film to expressideas.

Translate into Russian:

To specializein, to poftray people and emotions,to depict a person/a sceneof life/ the mood
of..., to revealthe person'snature, in the foreground linlhe background/on the top/on the bottom,
in the right/left-hand corner,to placethe figures;to combine form and colour into harmoniousunity;
brilliant colour schemeIski:m].
Colours can be: light, dark, vivid, warm, cool, strong,soft, bright, cheerlul,gloomy,pure etc.
Impressionof a painting can be: moving, lyrical, romantic, poetic, disappointing,unsurpassed
masterpiece,impenetrable - extremely difficult to understand, intriguing - interestingbecauseit is
strangeor mysterious.

A plan for the picture description:

1. The general effect (the title and the name of the artist; the time of the picture creation; genre; the
generalatmosphereor the theme of the picture)
2.The contentsof the picture (place,time and setting)
3. The composition and colouring (background,what colours predominatesin the picture; how the
objects are located).
4. Interpretation (feelingsand ideasthe painting evokesin the viewers)

+ STUDENTCARI)

Give a 2-2.5 minute talk on the topic'Art: Paintingsand Painters".

Rememberto say:

o What types of art you know

r What painting is and what genresof painting exist
o What famous Russianand British artists you know
o What your favourite painting is

Answerthe question:Why do people like going to art museums?

C WORD FORMATION

Fill in the spacesin thefollowing text using a suitable form of the wordsgiven in brackets
The key to being a (profession)artist is to understand what the art world wants
and then produce it. The (success)artistneedstohavea-(recognize)sty1e
and to make works of art that other people find (desire). It takes an artist
(end) practice to developtheir own style but the (finance)rewardscan be amazing.People
don't just want art. They want (expense) art becausethey think that the more
(value)a painting is, the better it is. Often, that is true, but sometimesbad art sellsfor an
(believe)price. Many (fame) artistsmade very little money from their art, but now we can
seehow imoortant their (create)reallyare.

99
 O WRITING

Argumentativecomposition

Wsitingmuseumsis o completewosteof time.

what is your opinion on visiting museumsand picture galleries?

Write 200-250 words.

Use the following plan
o make an introduction. (statethe problem)
. expressyour personalopinion and give 2-3 reasonsfor your opinion
. expressan opposingopinion and give l-2 reasonsfor this opposingopinion
o expresswhy you don't agreewjtli the opposrngopiniorr
o make a conclusionrestatingyour opinion

100
Read the text, learn the vocabularyand discuss

ENWRONMENTALISSUES

Becausewe don't think aboutfuture generations,

they will neverforgetus
Henrik Tikkanen

We are in the environmental crisis becausehuman beings have broken out the circle of life and
are destroyingthe environment.Overpopulation,industrialization,urbanizationand environmental
pollution havedisastrouseffectson natureand wildlife.
The first threat to the planet is the extinction of plant and animal life. Many animals find it
more and more difficult to surviveastheir natural habitat is being destroyedby growing cities.The earth
forestedareasare in dangerof disappearingcompletel,vas treesare burnt or cut down. Illegal hunting
(poaching)threatenssome rare speciesto becomeextinct.This processcan be controlled if we protect
animals in dangerbizlaw, open more parksand plant more forests,introduce harsherpunishmentfor
poachersand raisepr:blicawareness about endangeredspecres.
The second problem iswater,air and soil pollution. Factoriesand carsreleasepoisonouschemicals
into the air. The cheniicalsmir with the water in the clouds, and the polluted rain which falls later
damageseverl'thing alive. Gasesfrom aerosolspraysand fridgesgo into the atmospheredestrolzingthe
ozone layer which Eevenls_us_jla!0getting harmful radiation. As a result. more and more people get
skin cancer.Our societyproducestoo much packagingand food waste;that is why diseases spreadfast.
Peopleusea lot of detergents for cleaningtheir housesand cars,this wastedwateris poured into streams,
rivers,seas,and oceanskilling aquaticlife. A few stepscan help to changethe situation.We must throw
awaylessrubbish;use recyclingand control the usageof waterand electricity.
Deforestation, using aerosols and burning fusul-fucls cause 1he process of Global Warming
(GreenhouseEffect). This environmentalchangeleadsto rising temperatures,melting ice capsin the
polar regionand droughtsand floods.
These problemsare very serious.Both scientistsand politiciansagreethat unlesssome radical
stepsare takenin the nearestfuture, life on our planet may be destroyed.

Here are someof the waysto solveecologicolproblems. Expressyour own opinion if they are helpful or not:
. The factoriesand plantsmust be removedfrom cities
. Green zonesmust be created.The greenerymust be protectedand increased
. Pollution control systemsmust be introduced
. Purifoingsyslemsfor cleaningand trappingharmful substances must be widely used
. Noise must be reduced
. We must keepthe streetsof townsclean
. We must utilize and recyclethe waste
. protection
Peoplemust developinternationalcooperationin the field o1'environmental
Can voa add other meosuresto onesmentionedabove?

Vl/hatcan you say about ecologicalsituation in thepluce you live?

r0l
 STUDENT CARD

Givea 2-2.5 minute tolk on the topic"Environmentalfssues".

Rememberto soy:

o What you know about the threat of extinctionof plants and animals
o About differenttypesof pollution
o What peoplecan do to help the environment

Answerthe question:What is the ecologicalsituation in the place you live?

O WORD FORMATION

I. Complete thesesentenceswith the coruectform of the words in brackets

I What can we do to reducethe (pollute)of the atmosphere?
2 The changein the climatehas produced (disaster)floods.
a
J Many rare speciesare threatenedwith (extinct).
4 Many of the gasesproducedby factoriesare (harm)to our health.
5 Exhaustfumeshave (damage)effectson the environment.
6 Many countriesmusttry and controlthe growthof the (populate).
7 Protectingthe environmentis essentialto our (survive).
8 The (protect)of the environmentis everyone'sresponsibility.
9 Whilesomecountriessetricher.the (poor)in othersgetsworse.
1 0 Millions of peoplein the world are threatenedwith (starve).

2. Readthefollowing text andrtil in the correctwordderivedfrom the wordsin bold

One of the world's (danger)species.the rhinoceros,is still being
hunted for their horn. The World Wildlife Federationsupports (organize) which try
to stop the (hunt) by providing vehiclesand (equip)for severalnational
parks in Africa. Protectedareashave a high fence around them, so rhinos roam in
(safe). The WWF also helps in (transport)of rhinos from
(danger)areasinto the protected ones. It is very important to lessenthe demand for rhino horns.
Raising (aware)of the problem is one of ways to help the situation. Rhino
(conserve)is one of the WWF's main tasks.
(hope)the WWF will be ableto put a stopto the (acceptable)act ofrhino hunting.

3. Readthefollowing text andrtil in the correctwordderivedfromthe wordsin bold

There are many problemswhich (threat) our natural environment.Acid
raln, (globe)warming and air and water (pollute)are among the
most seriousones.There are severalwaysto help improve the situation.Firstly. we should encourage
(recycle)becauseit is the (produce)of new materialswhich
causesthe most damage.We must learn to reuse things like plastic bags and glassjars. Secondly,
driving an environmentally-friendlycar is also (help). Furthermore,joining an
(organize)which plantstreesor cleansup beacheswould be
(prove) that you are really (concern)about the environment.Lastly, supporting
groups such as Greenpeace,which try to prevent many (environment)
disasters,would help to ensurethat our planetwill be cleanand safefor future generations.

102
4. Reod thefollowing text and fill in the correct word derivedfrom the words in botd
More and more animals are fighting for (survive)nowadays, and it is not
only (hunt)who are to blame.
Thousandsoffish die evervvearasa resultofthe (legal)
(dump)of wastein riversby factoriesall over Etrrope. (investigate)are often carried
out to discoverwho is (response)for theseecologicaldisasters,but evenwhen
the offendersare found, the (punish)for this kind of (behave)is
not assevereasit shouldbe. Factorieswill only refonn oncethe nublic (threat) to
stopbuyingtheir products,and not before.It is the only (solve)to a verv seriours
problem.

O WRITING

PersonalLetter
Youhavereceiveda letterfromyour English-speaking
friendDonna,who writes:

...Guesswhat! My parents let me hovea petfor my birthday. Isn't that great? I haven't decided
yet whatpet to get. Hoveyou got a pet? lVhatanimals do yoa think make goodpets? Is it dfficult to look
ajter a pet? Let me know what you think.
Anyway, I have to go now. I've got loads of homework to do tonight (unfortunately). Write
bock soon.
All the best,
Donna

o Writebackto Donnaansweringherquestions
. Ask 3 questions
aboutDonna'shomework.

Write100-140words.
Remember the rulesof letterwritine.

Argumentativecomposition
Is itfair to keepanimals in zoos?
what is your opinion? Do I'ou think that peopleshouldkeepanimarsin zoos?

Write 200-250 words.

Use the following plan
o make an introduction. (statethe problem)
. express your personalopinion and give2-3 reasonsfor yotrropirriou
. express an opposingopinion and give l-2 reasons tbr this opposingopinion
. expresswhy you don't agreewith the opposingopinron
. m a k ea c o n c l u s i o nr e s t a t i nrgo t r r o p i n i o n

103
Read the text. learn the vocabularvand discuss

EXTREME SPORTS

Sportsdo not build character. They reveal it

Heywood Broun

People are different in every'thing.Some people prefer the regularactivitiesor sports, like soccer,
basketballor biking. On the other hand, we can alwaysmeet peoplewho cannot control their passion
to get involvedin new activities.Thesedare devilscan risk their livesjumping from an airplaneto make
some tricks in the mid-air or go down a steepslopeat a high speedon skisor a snowboardunleashing
themselvesthrough some adventurousor dangerousactivitiesand risky stunts.The number of people
chasing for danger and extreme sport is on the increasenowadays.However, what do we mean while
talking about 'extremesports'?
The phrase'extrentesports'appearedin 1995when the AmericanTVsports networkorganizedthe
first ExtremeGames,which are now known asX Games.Extremespons haveoften beencharacterized
as 'alternativesports' as they are consideredto be different from more traditional, establishedones
which are often called mainstreamsporls. However,malry extremesportsare in fact new versionsof
older ones,often rnadepossibleby technologicalchangesor improvementin equipment.Inline skating
or rollerblading , for example, is a new form of roller skating or BMX racing is based on cycling. As
they have become competitive,extremesports have even been partly absorbedinto the mainstream,
snowboarding,for example,hasbecomean Olympic event.
So, what makesextremesportsreally 'extreme'?The key word is risk - they all sharean element
of dangerusuallycombinedwith acrobaticstunts.All theseactivitiesoften involvespeed,height. a high
level of physical exertion and highl), specializedgear. Severalof sports that fall into this category have
been known as 'outlaw sports'becausethey were bannedin many areasfor being too dangerous.Take
basejumping, for example.A numberof peopleevenobjectedto thesedangeroussports,highlightingthe
risk of accidentand evendeath.You may sa-vthat any sport can be dangerous.The statisticson injury in
mainstreamsportsare quite an eye-opener.Of the more popular sportsthat can be deadly,cycling and
swimming are the ones most likely to lead to a fatality. However,the truth is that risk of dying or getting
a serioussport injury is much lower in traditional sportsthat in extremeones.
What makespeopleregularlyrisk their livesfor an adrenalinebuzz? Many of them get bored with
studies,e-mails. deadlines.work challengesand tr-vto find a perfect escapeby bringing new thrillirig
experienceand pleasantemotions into their iives. For others extremesport is a great opportunity to
make friendswho sharethe samepassion.Thosewho are deeplyinto extremesportssaythat the most
important thing about them is that extremesportsarejust not like mainstreamsportsmostly because
past and presentthey are crawlingwith rebels.riders, driversand rock stars.It's not about uniforms,
coachesor scripts.Expressingyourselfthrough action is the key. It's an attitude, a way of life, even a
religion.Once you are in, you are in for life.
Nevertheless,in termsof dealingwith the potentialrisksinvolvedin these'extremesports',there
are various measureswhich can be taken to enslrrethat all controllablerisks are reduced.The most
obviousone is to ensurethat thesesportsare carriedout under the correct supervision.by experienced
and qualified personnelir, a well-suitedenvironnlent.A11possiblesafetyprecautionsshould be taken
whenevernecessaryto guaranteethe safetl'ofboth panicipantsand spectators.
To tell the truth. it would be fantasticto erperiencesomethingextraordinary,at leastonce in a
lifetime.
As for me I'm a (snow)fan and I'm into....very much.
I'm pretty adventurousso I like doing....or I'd like to try
I'm pretty adventurousbut I'd rather watch extremesportson TV than try doing one of them,
althor-rghmy friendsgo downhill skiingor snowboarding.
As for me, I'm afraidof heightand speedso I preferpla-ving tennis.

104
[a. Sndy the list of extremesports:
Earth:
skateboarding,longboarding.mountain boarding, sandboarding,BMX, motocross,FMX, aggressive
inline skating,mountain biking. caving,slacklining,abseiling,rock climbing, freeclimbing,bouldering,
mountaineering,parkour,sandkiting, zorbing
Water:
surfing, body boarding, waterskiing,wakeboarding,kitesurfing,windsurfing, cavediving, flowboarding,
paddle surfing / stand up paddle, kayaking.cliffjumping, coasteering.scubadiving, knee boarding,
white waterrafting, skim boarding,jet skiing
Snow and Ice:
snowboarding,snow skiing,ice climbing, snowmobiling,snow kiting
Air:
basejumping, skydiving,wing suiting,bungeejumping, high-lining, hanggliding, paragliding

1.b Chooseone extremesport to tell your classmatesabout

2. Sudy the vocabulary

To reduce/increasethe risk of something
Risk-takers
To be worth the risk/ to take a risk
A real risk of seriousinjury
Team spirit
The benefitsoutweigh the risk
Life -threatening activities
To get adrenalinegoing...
To hire an instructor
Protectivegear
Mountain biking, mountain climbing, mountaineering,hang gliding, kiting

O STUDENT CARI)

Give a 2-2.5 minute talk on the topic"Extreme Sports".

Rememberlo say:

. The differencebetweenextremesports and traditional ones

o What makes people risk their lives
. Ifyou prefer watchingor taking up risky sports;why/ why not

Answerthe question:Why are so many parentsagainstthe idea of their children playing risky sports
and what is the solution to this oroblem?

105
 WORD FORMATION

1. Usethe word given toform a word that fits eachspace

Adventure sports have increasedgreatly in (popular) over the last few
years. More and more people are looking for (excite), perhapsbecausethey feel
their livesare _ (interest).Take, for example,a man who sits in his office all day from
Monday to Friday,but on Saturdayhe is an (adventure) risk-takingherowho
panicipatesin the most (danger)of sports.He looks for the (hieh)
cliffto jump liom, strappedin a hang glider harness,or he is one of the crew (race)
down a river moving al (terrify) speeds.He is not difficult to recognizebecausehe is
the one who is often heard (talk) about what he has been doing at the weekend.He
is always Iookingfor an unsuspecting (strange)to tell his stories to, and he is always
looking for the next thing he can do, which he thinks peoplewill be (impress)by.

2. Usethe word given toform a word that fits each space

Why are some people risk-takers?What makesthem take pan in (danger)or
even life-threatening activities?There are different (explain)for this. Car racerslove
the (excite)of speed.while climbersget their thrill from (face)
challengeof high mountains. Millions of yearsago, when people laced dangerdaily, risk-takingwas
essentialfor (survive).Although living in today'sworld is (easy)than
it wasin thosedays,perhapsthat (base)instinct still remains.However,taking riskscan
become a ver)r (healthy)obsession.Some people can evenbecome addictedto danger,
and are unableto stop looking for it. It is also (interest)that the majority of risk-
takersseemto be men. Is this becausemen are more (curiosity)?Or do womenthink
twice about taking risksbecausethe]"are more (sense)?

3. Fill in the spacesin thefollowing text using a suitable form of the wordsgiven in brackets
Running is excellent exercise.Before you start running. you should warm up first, using
slow (move)that make all your muscleswork. But be (care)! If
you stretchwhen your musclesare cold, you might _ (injury)yourself.Alwayswear
(comfort)clothing and make sureyour (train)are in good shape.lf
you wear shoesthat give good supportto your whole foot, you will pr"rt (little)pressureon
your knees.You should startexercising (slow),at a paceyou can keepup for about 15-20
minutes.Try to exerciseon soft ground as this will (protection)your kneesand hips
from too much tension.

106
 C WRITING

PersonalLetter
This is a part of a letter from Paul, your English pen friend.

...At school we are doingprojects on sports that are popular in different countries. Could you
tell me about two kinds of sports that are popular with Russianteenagers?Wy are theypopular? Do
you have enoughtime for sports?
By the way,I om thinking ofioining our schooldrama club. Is that a good idea?
Write soon.
Best wishes,
Paul

Write backto Paul.

In your letter
. answerall his questions.
. ask3 questions abouthis schooldramaclub

Write100-140words.
Remember the rulesof letterwritins.

Argumentative composition

Extreme sportshelp to build chorocter.

What is your opinion?

Write 200-250 words.

Use the following plan:
. make an introduction. (statethe problem)
. expressyour personalopinion and give 2-3 reasonsfor your opinion
. expressan opposingopinion and give I -2 reasonsfor this opposingopinion
. expresswhy you don't agreewith the opposing opinion
. make a conclusion restatingyour opinion

t07
Read the text, learn the vocabularyond discuss

O THE ROLE OF YOUNG PEOPLEIN MODERN SOCIETY

What should young peopledo with tlteir lives today?

Ilany things, obviousll'.But the most doring thing is
to createstable comrnunitiesin which the terrible disease
of lonelinesscon be cured
Kurt Vonnegut

Adolesc€ntcis a vital period in life as this is the first tirne individualscan truly,'make_Lheir own
decisions.The relationshipstecnagersiravc'n'ith thcir pee15,farlill'. and rnenrbersof their socialsphere
pla-va vital role in the socialdevclopnrcntof'an adolescglr!bccauseteenagL'rs can be easil)'rnflulossdby
the peoplethey developcloserelationshrps ivith.
The role of the famil-vin a teenager'slife changesdramaticall.v. Somepsychologistssa-vabout the
generatiottgap.Generationgapis the differencein ideas,feelingsand interestsbetweenolder and younger
peoplewhich is often characterized by the lack of understandirig.Argumentsoften co_r1_9-_e_nt nrirrorissue-s
of control,suchiis acceptable clothing,and the aclolescent's right tclprivacl,.whichteenagers may have
previouslyviervecl itsissuesoverrvhichtheir parentshud completeautho$lJ. Socialmedia hasalsoplayed
an increasingrole i11teenagerand parent disirgrc'enlents. Whilc piuents ncver had to worr-n- aboLrtthe
lfuealLs,efsocialrnediain the past.it hasbeconrca dlingerousplircefor childrcn. Man.v_. parL'ntshavcvcry'
little knowledgeof social networking sitesarnclthis tirrther increasestheir mistrust" Despitechanging
f-amilyrolesduring adolescence. the home e.nvuont_r:lentand parents are still iulportant for tlre behaviors
and choicesof teenagers^ Teensrvho havea good relationshiprvith their parentsare lesslikely ta eigage,
jtr variousrisktre-haliots. suchassmoking.drinking.fightin-e. andior unptotecteel sexualintercourse.Irr
addition.parentsinfluencetlie educationof aclolercence.
Most modern teenagers realizewhat role educationpla-vsin modern world so they are more likely
to completesecondaryand higher educationto ge1better chancesof a careerdevelopmetlt.Of course
the amount of time adolescentsspcndon u'ork and leisrireactivitiesvariesgrcatl-v, but more and more
teenagersare spendinsnlore time in school or ivorkingand lesstimc' on leisureactivities.The grorving
numberof teenstr-vto find somepuirl-time jobs in sunrrnertinreasthe problemof pocketmoneyexists.
Someparentsare too strict and control how their childrenspendmoney.
Adolescenceis the period when teenagersoften becomeheavilyemotionallyinvestedin friends.
Friends de.mattstrutealgrc_at!:ri$pilcl_eu one another so it is common for teens to copy friends in
different situations.Pccr grsups can have positive influenceson an individual, such as on academic
motivation and performance.Unlbrtunately,they can also have negativeinfluences,like encouraging
experimentationwith drugs,drinking. vandalism.and stealing.So the socialenvironmenlwhich can be
createdfor a teenageris very important.
Within the pastten !'ears.the amourrtof socialnetu'orkln*s S[e.:-ayailable tetlrc_Uublichasgreatl]''
irrcreased. in
One four ( 23%) teens arel-heal:lr, social
rnedia users. rneauirrgtheyuseat leasttwo clifferent
t-vpesofsoci:rl nieciia eachandeverl'clav. Sonreps1'choklgistshaveindicatedthatelectroniccommunicatiorr
lregativel-va{Iectsadolescents'socialcleveloprlent.replacesfa-E_erla:lale_lQl!1mlu1lciition, impairs their
social skills, arld cau somelimc'sleaclto unsaft interaE1totrurlhstra!]gcI5. Horvever.other researchers
suggeststhirt Intc'rnetcommunicationbringsll'icrtciscloserand is bc'neficial1brsociallyaruiioustecns.
who find it easierto interactsocitrlh'online.
Adolescenceis a period full of uncertainties;therefore,teenagersfeel the need to find somebody
that they can cling to, who would make them feei like they belong somewhereor to somethingin the
society.The role which a teenagershould neverplay is a desperate.lonely person,and this is everyone's
responsibility.The chanceshouldbe givento ever.vone.

r08
There are some waysto a happy life. Read thepiecesof adviceand discussthem:
. Love yoLrrself. Almost no orle is satisfiedwith the wa1'heor she looks. Rememberthat you are you
and you are unique.
. Be yourself.You cannotbe "cool" all the time. And who determineswhat is cool?
r The advertisingcompanies?MTV? The happinessfrom foilowing the crowd is not lasting.Don't
sacrificeyourselfto be with someonewho doesn'trespectyou.
. Believein yourself- if you don't, how can you expectothersto'.)
. Ifyou set yourselfgoals,alwaysset goalsthat you can reach.If you havedone enough,then award
yourself.Smile at your facein the mirror and say:"I did greattoday". Sayit threetimes and mean it.
. Learn the powerof colour.Blue is calming,red givesyou energy,orangemakesyou more optimistic,
turquoisemakesyou lessshy and more confidentin vourself.
. Believedreamscan come true; it's the first steporl the road to making them happen.
. Learn to say "No". If you reallydon't want to do something,savso...If this is difficult for you, say
"This isn't easy.but I haveto say "no".
. Eat breakfasl.Peoplewho maketime for it are slimmer and healtliier.
. Exercise!It's reallyworth the time and effort it takes.Exerciseis fun. It strengthensyour muscles.
It's a good way to meet peopleand make friends.It helpsto get rid of pent-up emotionsand anger
and it can lift your mood.
o Bewareof watchingtoo much television.Once on. the TV can be difficult to turn olL
o Get eight hours sleepat night - you'11feeland look betterafter it.
. Feelinglow? Meet a friend, listento rnusicor just havea sleep.Readingsomethingreally gripping
can alsohelp.
. Expectto fail sometimes.It happensto everyone,no matter how successful. The important thing is
to learn someusefullessont'roni your disappointments.
. Learn the power of positivespeaking- soundingoptimistic makesyou feel that way.
. Worried about something?What advicewould you give to your bestfriend? Take that adviceyourself.
. Be social.Peoplewith friendslive longerthan loners.
. Join somethin-e - a sportsclub or a drama society.Peoplewho feel involvedare nroreoptimistic and
more snccessful.
. Crying is an important way of gettingrid of stress-generated chemicalsthat would otherwisebuild
up in your body.
. Feelingshy?There'sabsolr"rtely nothing wrong with beingshy.But it wouldn't hurt to make an effort
to be more social.
. Do sport. It can giveyolr energyto live.

(; STUDENT CARD

Give a 2-2.5 minute talk on the topic"The Role of YoungPeoplein Modern Society".
Rememberto say:

. What role the family playsin a teen's life

o What the attitude of teenagersto educationis
. What role friendsplay

Answerthe question:What problemsas a teenagerdo you face?

109
 o WORD FORMATION

1. Read the text below. Usethe word given in brackets toform a word thatfits the gap

Every day we have to make important (decide).It is very hard to make them in
(young),becausewe arenot children,for_ (who)the world is so simpleand
not yet adults,who have life experience.In this (transit) period teenagersare very
(change),fullof self-criticism,frequentchangesof mood, (satisfy)
with their appearance.Teenagers are alsoeasily
(influence)by others.And just in this period a greatnumberof peoplebeginto smoke,communicatewith
(differ) groups. But I think we should love (we)in orderto find the right
way in life and the placein (social).

2. Fill in the conect word derivedfrom the word in brackets

How play has changed
The way children play has changed (consider)overthe lastfifty years.In the
past, parentsdid not haveto fear the (safe)of children if they went out to play. Most
(neighbour)were communities in which everyoneknew everyoneand children could
be left to play (supervise) by adults.In (add) there was hardly any
traffic and a street could be (easy) transformed into a football pinch or used for a
game of tag, (fortunate) things are very different today. Apart from the fact that our
streetsaremuchmore (danger)than they were in the past,the last fifty yearshaveseen
the_ (create)of more and more sophisticatedgames, (include),of
course,the thousandsof computergameson the market.Too much time spentalone with a computer
may damagethe child's (able)to form friendshipswith other children.

c WRITING

PersonalLetter
This is a parl of a letterfrom Pam,your Englishpenfriend.

...1don't think it'sfair to make children do householdchoresbecouseweare too busyat school.

And what about you? Do you help you Mum aboat the house? Wat kind of things do you have to
do? Do you have enoughrtme tu do chores?
Asfor my plansfor the summer,I'm goingto Italy with myfriends. We'll be sndying ltalian at
a summer school. It's really great!
Hope to hearfrom you soon.

Love,
Pam

a Writebackto Pamanswering her questions.

a Ask 3 questions
abouther trip to Italy.
Write100-140words.
Remember the rulesof letterwriting.

ll0
 O GUIDED WRITING

Argumentativecomposition

Somepeoplethink that socialnetworkscon substitutereol-life communication.

What is your opinion?Do you agreewith this statement?

Write 200-250 words.

Use the following plan
. make an introduction. (statethe problem)
. expressyour personalopinion and give 2-3 reasonsfor your opinion
. expressan opposingopinion and give 1-2 reasonsfor this opposingopinion
. expresswhy you don't agreewith the opposing opinion
o make a conclusionrestatingyour opinion

PARAGRAPH 1. INTRODUCTION
It is almost impossibleto live in isolation. Peopleneedcommunicationond in modern high tech world
it is more and more often tendsto takeplace on-line. Somepeopleare sure thal

. However,othersare convincedthat

PARAGRAPH 2
I stronglybelievethat (2-3 opeyweHmo u,tunpuuepauu)
c nodmeeptrcdeuun.uu

PARAGRAPH 3
On theotherhand,somepeoplearguethat(npomusono:toJrcHafl
mo.tKo3peHun
c opzyMeHmauu)
_

tll
PARAGRAPH4
(odaacuumt,
I donotogreewiththeaboveidea(s)because nolerryHecoeroceH
c udeauuusnapaepaQa
3, nodmeepdumb
apeyweHmaJvu,
Heno*mopnnu,UwunapaepaQ2)

PARAGRAPH5. CONCLUSION
All things considered,there are two points of view on the possibility*of substitutionreal-life
communicationfor on-line interaction in social networks. Tb my way of thinking,

t12
Read the text, learn the vocabulsryand discuss

LTVINGIN A BIG CITY

A ciQ is a place wherethere is no need to waitfor next weekto get

the answerto a queslion,to tastethefood of any country,tofnd new voices
to listen to and familiar onesto listen to osain
Margaret
iroa

A place where you live can have a hlge_lllpae! on your lifestyle. There are many reasonsto be
takeninto considerationwhile choosinga residence. Clost.u'cather.demographics, crime rate,icltool
performance. and pro.ximit}'tci rvor!' nul a{J'ectvour choice on which neighborhoodis best for you.
Check out somefinancial,cultural and lifestylebenefitsand drawbacksof living in the city.
To many people a megalopolis(a metropolis)seemsan incredibly excitingplace to live. A big
advantageis accessto rich cnltural life. You can regularlygo to museums,Ar1galleriesand seeall the
latestf,lms. The residentsof big citiesare exposedto the diversityof people,they seeother culturesand
are enrichedby that. IrTa big city you can get ever)'thingat your fingertipsand anl.thingthat you want is
available24 hours! iay. You can havea lot offun on the budget.set countlessjobopportunitiesand be
advancedin education.However,with the good alsocome the bad.
Although a big city has morejob opportunities,thereare alsomore peoplecompetingfor a single
job. This can make your job searchfmstrating.You will seehundreds,if not thousandsofjobs available
but you still might get unemployed.The cost of living is typicaliyhigherin big citiesand it can cost you
an arm and a leg fbt a small apartmentin a decentareaof the city'.
Although the diversityis a good thing, the amount of people can be a bit overwhelming.There
will alwaysbe crowdsand alwaysbe peoplearound. Somepeopleevenmention the aggressive natureof
the residentswhich can makethe life in a city ratheruncomfortable.Pollutionand noiseare a sadreality
for a big city and one of the biggestdisadvantages. A lrugeclor-rdof smog hoveringover the downtown
skyline is a typical picture of any cityscape.Car alarmsgo offthrough the night, police sirenstoo. It's
hard to get a good night's sleep.There is alwaysmore crime in a big city so you are more likely to be a
victim living in a big city than in a small town. Children who are brought up in big citiesdo not have
freedom to go out in the streetand play. Everl.thinghasto be superv'isedand arrangedin advance.
"A nightmare!" you will say.For somepeoplethe disadvantages are outweighingthe advantages
and they really considermoving out of a megalopolisin searchof a slowerpace of life and friendlier
peoplein suburbsor in the collntry. But most city dwellers,who enjoy the hustleand bustleand want to
be closeto the actior-rand new possibilities,feedoffthe cit],'senergyand wouldn't live anyrvhereelse.

Ia. Sndy thevocabulary:

Resident Heavy traffic (severetraffic)
Urban/rural Traffic jam
Large-scale development Cost of living
Qualityof life Poverty
Air quality Sprawlingslums
Pollutionfrom autoemission Employment opportunities / unemployment rate
Rubbish/waste/ garbage Scatteredpocketsof greenery
Recycle The prospectof water/oxJgenshortage
Landfill

113
Ib. Usethe wordsaboveto talk about theproblems of big cities

2. Decide which of thefollowingfactors you considerare mostfleastimportontfor a good quality of life, Put
them in order (number I - most important) and explain your choice

. Clean streetswith no litter . Good rangeof leisureand entertainmentfacilities

. Low crime rate ' Good housing
. Work and jobs ' Green spaces
. No traffic congestion ' Good schools
. Good public transportsystem ' Clean air

3. Describe theplace whereyou live using this vocabulary:

Typesofhouses: a detachedhouse (notjoined to another house), semi-detached(a house that

is joined to another house on one side), a bungalow(a small housethat has all its rooms on the same
level),a terracedhouse(a housein a row ofhouses),a block offlats, a skyscraper, a cottage(a housein
the country), a 5 storeybuilding;
Tlpes of flats/ apartments:a bed-sit (a rentedroom for living in),a studio (one small flat with one
main room; a one-bedroom/two-bedroomflat, a penthouse,a communal flat,
on the ....floor/ ground floor, to overlooksomething
Location: anareain the city center.not far from...., on the outskirtsof the city (the furthestparts
from the center),the suburbs(an areaawayfrom the centerwhere rnanypeoplelive),
Characteristics:overcrowded,shabby,spacious,poky (very small), cozy, tiny;
Living conditions:all modern conveniences: central heating,running cold and hot water, home
securitysystem,built-in cupboards.

(,, STUDENT CARD

Givea 2-2.5 minute tolk on"Living in a Big City".

Rememberto tolk about:

o Advantagesof living in a big city

. Disadvantagesof living in a cify
o The housesand living conditionsin the placeyou live

Answerthe question:What can you say for and againstliving in the country?

C VOCABULARYEXERCISES

Read the text belowand decidewhich anwer A, B, C, D bestfits eachspace

A hectic time
Dear Trevor,
I know it's been_ (1) sinceI wrote to yolr but I've beenvery busl'_ (2) we
decidedto move to the country.The houseis in the villageis not quite ready (3) butasyou
can imagine (4) the lastfew weekswe've had to chaseup buildersand plumbersand we've
(5) got a long way to go.
It's beensucha long time sincewe (6) work on it I've almostforgottenhow long it's
been exactly.We must havestartedit about sevenyears (7) and we've

n4
(8) spent a small fortune on it. We are (9) living in our rather cramped flat where
you (10) us a few yearsago but it ( l l ) to get unbearableand we
(12) forward to moving out. We are still (13)aroundfrom morning
(14) night and it's been particularlyhectic (15)the lastweek.Anyway,
(16) all this wasgoing on Karen fell and sprainedher ankle that wasthe last thing
we needed!

l. A longtime B sometimes C ages D lately

2. A everytime B eversince C while D before
3. A still B already C yet D soon
4. A for Bas C while D since
5. Ayet B already C nearly D still
6. A havestarted B start C did start D started
7. A before B ago C previous D since
8. A still B not C already D yet
9. A already B still C yet D longer
10.A werevisiting B havevisited C had beenvisited D visited
11.Abegun B is beginning C begins D begin
12.A havelooked B looked C will look D arelooking
13.A rush B rushed C rushing D berushed
14.A and B into c rill D through
15.A during B from Cin D while
16.A in B during C while D for

o WRITING

PersonalLetter
This is a partof a letterfromJane,your Englishpenfriend.

...My hometownis rather smoll but I like it. Thepeople are here veryfriendly and they try to
keep our town clean and beoutiful. And do you enjoy living in a big city? How do you spendyour free
time there?
Anyway, I'm thinking of travelling to Russianext summer. Could you tell me what weather to
expect?
I hove to go now as I'm helping my Mum in the shop.
Lots of love,
Iane

Writebackto Jane
In your letter
. answerall her questions.
. ask3 questions abouther hometown
Write 100-140words.
Rememberthe rulesof letterwritine.

115
 + GUIDEDWRITING

1. Read someargumentsabout the life in a big city and in the countryside. llhat can you add?

LIITNG IN A BIG CITY:

positivesides negativesides
. comfortable flats with all modern air and noisepollution
conveniences cost of living is high
. a lot of cultural centers,more entertainment crime level is high
' more chancesto be employed/ to enterthis traffic jams / car crashes/ rush hours /
or that university constantqueuing
' shoppingfacilities alwaysin a hurry
' sportsfacilities litter and garbage
' developedtransport system stressfullife
' life is more anonymous

LIVING IN THE COUNTRYSIDE:

positivesides negative
sides
' cost of living is lower . difficult living and working conditions
. life is safer . no entertainment
' lesscrime . problemof employment
. lesstraffic . it takestoo much time to get to town
. freshair and beautifulnature ' life is lessanonvmous

2. Usethe argumentsaboveto completea compositionon thefollowing topic

More and morepeopleare trying to moveto big cities everyyeor.

What is your opinion on living in a big city?

Write 200-250 words.

Use the following plan
. make an introduction. (statethe problem)
. expressyour personalopinion and give 2-3 reasonsfor your opinion.
. expressan opposingopinion and give 1-2 reasonsfor this opposingopinion.
. expresswhy you don't agreewith the opposingopinion
. make a conclusionrestatingvour opiniou

116
Read the text, Iearn the vocabularv and discuss

CRIME AND PUNISHMENT

Crime has alwaysbeena regrettablyconsistentelementof humon experience

Mark Frost

+ VOCABULARY

1. Match the criminals with the descriptions

1. thief a. someonewho kills somebodyelseon purpose

b. someonewho stealsthingsfrom shops
2. robber
c. someonewho takesa person by force and demands
burglar ransom in order to set them free
d. someonewho stealsthingsfrom a bank, post office,shop,
mugger
etc.,often usingthreatsand force
forger e. someonewho usesforce to take control of an airplane.
train, etc.
kidnapper
f. someonewho takesthingswhich do not belongto them
arsonist g. someonewho damagesother people'spropertyon
purpose.
shoplifter h. someonewho attackspeople in the streetin order to steal
vandal something
i. someonewho setsfire to propertyon purpose
l 0 hijacker j. someonewho breaksinto people'shousesto stealthings.
1 1 .blackmailer k. someonewho demandsmoney or favorsfrom someoneby
threateningto tell secretsabout them
l 2 smuggler l. someonewho takessomethingillegallyto anothercountry
lJ. murderer m. someonewho illegallycopiessomething,especially
somethingprinted or written on paper,to make people
think that it is real

2. Match eochpunishment to the description

a life sentence a fine communityservice a suspended

sentence
1. When you are giventhis sentence,you don't go to prison. If. however,you commit anothercrime
in the nearfuture,you will be sentto prison.
2 . When you aregiventhis sentenceyou haveto pay somemoneyto the court .
3. When you are giventhis sentence,you haveto do somethingfor your local area.The work you are
givenmight be connectedto the crime you committed.
4. When you are given this sentence,you are sent to prison for a very long time for committing a
seriouscrime.

tt7
3. Go through the list of offences.Then look at theforms of punishment and decide which is appropriatefor
each offence. llrite sentencesas in the example

OFFENCES
. Murder . Pickpocketing
. Hijacking an aircraft . Stealingsweets
. Kidnapping . Making noiselate at night
' Littering . Beingon a bus without a ticket
. Writing graffiti on a public building . Violent behavior in a football match
' Stealinga car . Toxic wastepollution

PUNISHMENT
To be sentencedto life imprisonment, to be sentto prison, to be fined a large/smallamount of money, to
be givena suspendedsentence,to be put on probation, to do community service,to be givena warning,
to be givencorporalpunishment, to be sentencedto deathpenaltyor capitalpunishment.

e.g. Murder is a major offence.I think that someonewho murderssomebodyshor,rld

be sentencedto life
imprisonment.

4. Completethefollowing chart

Verb Noun Person

accuse accused
vandalize vandal
smuggle
start a fire deliberatelv arson
blackmail blackmailer
commit a crime cnme
hack into a computer hacking
hijack hijacker
lmpnson pnson or lmpnsonment pnsoner
kidnap kidnapping
kill
mug mugger
commit an offence offence
pickpocket pickpockel
rob
shoplift shoplifter
stalk stalking
steal thief
suspect susplcron
forge forger

118
5. Match the crimes in the box to the descriptions( I - 10)

arson burglary forgery hijacking mugging pick pocketing robbery

shoplffing smuggling vandalism domesticviolence

1. I caughthim just as he wastaking my wallet from my back pocket.

2. The gangwasarrestedwhile trying to get diamondsand drugsinto the country illegally

3. Terroristsorderedthe pilot to fly the planeto anothercountry.

4. The teenssmashedwindowsand sprayedgraffition the wallsof the youth center.

5. The thieveswere holding the bank managerat gun-point while they weretaking the cash.

6. When he broke the back window to set in. the alarm went off.
7. He wasfound guilty of copyingclassicpaintingsand trying to sell them as originals.

8. The gangof youth wasarrestedfor attackingthe woman and taking her handbag.

9. The two girls were found guilty of taking the item from the supermarketwithout paying for it. _

10. He hassetfire to the forestiustfor fun.

11. The womanwasoftenseenwith bruiseson her face.

6. Match the wordsfrom the box with the definitions

the accused witness policeman jury

judge defenselawyer prosecutor

1. somebodywho hasbeenchargedwith committing a crime

2. a professionalwho decideshow a criminal shouldbe punished
3. a professionalwho speaksfor the accusedand adviseshim/her in court
4. someonewho hasseenthe crime happen
5. a group of peoplein court who decidewhethersomebodyis innocent or guilty
6. somebodywho is to deterpeoplefrom committing crimesand to arrestthosewho breakthe law
7. a professionalwho represents
the law in court

119
 a)
READING

Read the text, Iearn the vocabularyand discuss

CRIME and PUNISHMENT

Some might define crime asan act of offencetowardsthe morality of humans.Others rnight regard
crime as an act that harms the universal human rights. First of all, however,crime is an offence made
towardsthe law.There are many reasonswhy peoplemay commit crimes and it dependson tlie type of
personthey are.Socialscientistssuggest that criminal behavioris due to socialissueslike unemployment,
poor housingand lack of education.If a personremainsunemoloyedfor a long time it becomesdifficult
for him to support hirnself.Some people may turn to crime as an easyway of making money. Another
reasonis advertising.TV advertisingmakesyou want thingsyou don't really need.Somepeopleend up
stealingthings they want, but they can't afford. Some TV programsalso play their role in the rise in
crime among teenagers. Seeingviolenceso often on the televisionmakesyoung peoplethink that it's all
right, and makesthem more likely to act in a l'iolent way in real life. What's more, criminals are often
shown in a way that makesthem and their lifestylelook glamorousand desirable.
In recent decades,crime rate in the world has sleaddLllercase_d. There are severalmajor crimes:
murder, fo1qr$erapc, robbery,aggravatedassault(assaultwith intent to commit murder), property
crime, burglary,lalsetry_Ihc{i.motorvehicle theft, arson and manslaughteJ.
Hate crimesare definedas any oft'ensebasedon the disability,race.sexuality,religion and values
of tlre victims.The atrocitiesknown as hatecrimesare gettingall too common within today'ssociety.
While murders,robberies. and rapesare categorized as "streetcrimes",anothervarietyofcrime
should alsobe mentioned.This other form of crime is "white collar" crime. White collar crimesinclude
such forms as bank fraud, blackmail, bribqy, embezzlementand curreneyrehcnEt.
When a crime is committed. the police begin investigatingit. If they are a success.the criminal
is arrestedand facestlie trial. The jury finds him guilt),or not guilt!'. If the accusedis found guilt)r,tlie
judge nassesthe sentenceon him. The accusedhasthe right to applyto the highercourt where his or her
casewill be heard again.In many counlriesthe capitalpunishmentor deathpenaltyis abolished,so life
sentenceis the most rerelil2udshmg{. Probationputs the convictedcriminal under the supervisionof
the stateand is typically used for nonviolentoffenders.Criminals sentencedto community serviceare
often nonviolentoffenders.too.
It is true that somecriminalscommit crimesagainafterthey havebeenpunished.Thereare two
main reasonsfor re-offenders.Firstl1,,the prison systenrcan make the situationworse. Criminals put
togetherin prison and they make friendswith other offendersand exchangeinformation about what
they havedone beforethey came to the prison or they may plan crimes with other inmates.Secondly,
offendersoften do not have any other means of earning money. They are poor, uneducated;and a
criminal recordmakesfinding a job difficult aspeopleusuallyavoid hiring ex-convict.
To solve this problem, governmentsshould focus on rehabilitationof criminals rather than
punishment.Above all, prisonsneedvocationaltrainingwhich makesinmatesto preparefor life outside
the prison.They can learn practicalskillssuchascomputerprogramming,car maintenanceand graphic
desigr-r. Thus, the problemcan be solvedby focusingrehabilitationratherthan punishmentitself.

120
What makespeople commit crimes?Do you agree?Add somemore reasons

o Socialconditions:povertyand drug/alcoholaddiction
. Homelessteensstealin order to eat
. The gap betweenthe living conditionsof differentclasses
. The rich commit crimesfor the sakeof easymoney and to be wealthier
o Young peopleoften grow up without any firm idea about the differencebetweenright and wrong,
becauseparentsare too busyworking to guidetheir children
. The police may also be to blame. There are caseswhen the offender may not be punished at all
or may be given a fine

O STUDENT CARI)

Givea 2-2.5 minutetolk on thetopic"CrimeandPunishment".

Rememberto say:

. Whypeoplecommitcrimes
r Whattypesof crimeyouknow
o Whattypesof punishmentyouknow
o Whatyour attitudeto rehabilitationof criminalsis

Answerthequestion:
Whatis the criminalsituationin the placeyou live?

O VOCABULARYEXERCISES

I. Read the text belowand decidewhich answerA, B, C or D bestfits eachgap

The young man lived in a slum areaof the city all his life and it wasjust a matter of time before
he was in (1)........ with the law. At school, which he hardly ever attended, not only did he
(2>...................the
school propertybut he was also a bully, frighteningand beatingup other children.
When he was fifteen, he was (3)....................forbreaking into a local shop. At the age of sixteen,he
was (4)................with
assault.He got off'with two years'(5)........................for
this and wasset free.
Within six months,he wasbackin (6)...............after he hadbeenarrestedfor stealingcars.This time, he
was(7)......................to
two yearsin prison.After liis release, l-Le
againturnedto crime.This time it was
bank robbery. At his trial he pleaded (8)...................despitethe fact he had been caughtred-handed.
thejudgesentenced
He wasfound (9).........................and him to ten years(10)..................
Schoolsociologistsblame his background,while otherssayhe wasjust bad.

1. Aproblems Bdefense Ctrouble Dcourt

2. Amug Bvandalize Cthieve Drob
3. Aaccused Bcharged Csentenced Darrested
4. Acharged Baccused Creleased Dsuspected
5. Apunishment Bbail Cprobation Dfine
6. Acourt Bprobation Cjail Dtrial
7. Apunished Baccused Ccommitted Dsentenced
8. Aguilt Bsuspicious Cinnocent Dfree
9. Asuspicious Bguilty Cillegal Dagainst
l0.Aprison Bprobation Coffence Dimprisonment

t2l
 2. Completethe wordpatterns with wordsfrom the box

accuse charge suspect apologize get away let off sentence blame

somebodywith a crime
somebodv wltn a warruns.
somebodyof (doing) something.
somebodyof (doing) something.
with a crime.
somebodyfor a crime.
somebodyto time in prison.
for (doing) something.

WORD FORMATION

L FiA in the spacesin thefollowing text using a suitableform of the wordsgiven in brackets
The (systematize)offi reachedBritainin I 901andproved
ngerprints
(use).In 1930,ScotlandYardsetup its first (classifl) systemto enable officers to
comparefingerprintsfound on the sceneof crime with thoseof (crime)known
to the police. Fingerprinttechnologyhas advanced (great) sincethen.Differenttypesof
oowder are usedto (strong)the impressionof the firigerprint before it is taken. Another
(revolutionary)has been in the way that fingerprints are identified. Today, the first
(searching)
is done by the compuler.which then producesa
(select)of possiblematches.The final (identiff)howeveris done by police
experts.

2. Completethe sentenceswith the correctform of the word in bold

I
Most (crime)are eventuallycaughtby the police.
) There wasan investieationinto the (fail)of the policeto catchrobbers.
J, The womalr was able to sive a verv detailed (describe)ofher attackerto the
police.
4. I acceptthat (poor)is connectedto crime, but not all poor peoplebecome
criminals.
5. The accusedman walkedfreefrom the court becausetherewasno (prove)that he
committedthe crirne.
6. The governmentis tryingto (low) the ageat which young childrencan be
sentto prison.

3. Fill in the spacesin thefollowing text using a suitable form of the wordsgiven in brackets

The unlucky burglar

This is a true storv about a rather unfortunate (crime). He was an
(extreme)persistentburglar, who was busy robbing an empty house when he was
suddenlyand (expected)disturbedb-v"
the (arrive)of the two people
who lived there. After a shor1.ansrv (argue)with the couple, he managedto push
pastthem and escapeinto their backgarden (lucky) for hinr. he fbund the gardenwas

122
 (complete)surroundedb-vliigh fencesat the sides,and a wall at the end. Although he
had no (know)of what wason the other side,he decidedto get overthe wall. Showing
great (athlete)ability,he ran at the wall and was (succeed) in getting
-
over it but when he landedon the other sidehe found to his (amaze) and horror thal
he wasstandingin the local orisonvard.

4. FiU in the spacesin thefollowing text using a suitable form of the wordsgiven in brackets

Criminal behavior
The increasein city crime is a (globe)phenomenon.Somepeoplesaythat a lot
of crime in this countrv is becauseof (migrate)and the new people arriving from other
countriesbring differenl (culture) values and attitudesto the law. I don't aereewith
this ideabecausethe most common crimesare (local)producedand not imported from other countries.
(vandal)is one of the biggestcrimes in nTycity with bus sheltersand shop windows
being popular targets.Another popular crime is (pay)parkingfines.whicli is unlikely
to be becauseof imrnierantsbecausemost of them do not own cars.
The (oppose)point of view is that young local peoplefeelangrywhen they can't
get a job and in order to (hand)the changein their environment,they strikeout at
easytargets.This would explainwhy bicycle (thief) is more common than car crime
thesedays,especiallyin rich (neighbour)wheremost carsare protectedwith electronic
alarms.Another reason,though, for so many bicyclesgettingstolenmight be that the
(punish)is not very severecomparedto car stealingwhich can land you in prison for a number of years.

O A TOPIC FORDISCUSSION

Resd and discussargumentsfor and againstsendingpeople to prison. What is your opinion?

Arguments for imprisonment:

o Prisonsprotect us from thosewho might harm us
. A chanceto realizewhat a personhasdone; analyzehis/her previouslife.
. To feel the price of freedom

Argumentsagainstimprisonment:
. Horrible conditions,inadequatemedicalcare,abuseby guards
. Criminals learn in prison how to commit worsecrimes
. People are releasedwith only a few rubles in their pocketsand a perspectiveof being
unemployed

I z.)
 + GUIDEDWRITING

Argumentative composition

1. Read and discussargumentssupportingand denying thefact that the rise in the crime rate and violence
shown on W are connected

Arguments supporting the idea:

o Children become more aggressiveafter watching violent shows.
o Young people tend to imitate crime techniqueswatchedon TV.
. Teenagersare likely to be arrestedfor criminal acts after watching crime series.

Argumentsrejectingthe idea:
o TVjust reflectsthe increasein violenceand crime in society.
. Crime programscan stoppeoplefrom breakingthe law asthey r"rsually showthat crime doesn't
pay.
o Teenagerslearn about the consequencesof crime so they will think twice before committing
any crime.
o The main reasonfor committing crimesis povertyand bad education,not TV programs.

2. Usethe cluesto completeyour composition.Commentthefollowing statement

Violenceon W and crime in societyare clearly related.

Do you agreeor disagree?Do you think violenceon TV shouldbe forbidden?

Write 200-250 words.

Use the following plan

. make an introduction. (statetlie problem)

. expressyour personalopinion and give 2-3 reasonsfor your opinion
. expressan opposingopinion and give l-2 reasonsfor this opposingopinion
o expresswhy you don't agreewith the opposingopinion
. make a conclusion restatingyour opiniorr

r24
 (WORD FORMATION BANK)
Ta6ruua-c"ronoo6pasonaHne

NOUN VERB ADJECTIVE ADYERB NOTES

N)