Reserch proposal On

Performance analysis And Optimization of MIMO system on wireless network

Sameer D. Trapasiya Assistance professor G. H. Patel College of engineering and technology V. V.Nagar

Introduction:-

Today, we are living at the sharp age of technology. Technology has drastically changed our lives and made a huge difference in all aspects of our life. Technology advancement is at its peak in these days as it was never happened earlier. Technology has played a role as a magician, whatever man has dreamed technology has presented in front of him and this process is continue till today. All human races have achieved a new height of his thoughts and ideas and implementation of those ideas have given new direction to human effort and a birth of new era. Human thirst for research has spread its wing in the sky of opportunity and drawn a human race to a glorious victory. Wireless technology is a one of the major technology which has added many feathered in the success story of a man. Man cannot imagine his/her life without small hand held terminal known as a mobile. The sphere of wireless technology is touching human lives from all the sides. It has been accepted by all that wireless technology is more flexible and more users friendly compared to the wire line which was used earlier everywhere. The cost for the system setup and installment of wired network is very high in wire line where there is no need for it in wireless network. Wireless network support dynamic environment. It also supports roaming and other supplementary service. The major challenge of today is the capacity improvement, The no. of mobile user increase day by day and they are expecting the same quality of service as the network can provide when small no. of users are present. It is not possible to predict the movement of mobile user so the best technology is those which satisfy the minimum quality of requirement criteria in dynamic environment where the channel and location of nodes changed every time. Another major challenge of today is the interference, as the no. of user increase; it is very difficult job to prevent them to mix with each other , If it happens than it lead to major problem at receiver to separate them out. Receiver in this case become very much complex and also become very much costly. Many orthogonal codes are developed to mitigate these problems and enhanced the system performance in multi user environment. Transmission power and bandwidth are also major issue to be discussed. Mobile is a device which has a small battery life and saving power is very important at mobile terminal. It is essential to get desired sensitivity in terms of signal to noise ratio at the receiver without increase transmitted power significantly but at the same time it should be sufficient enough to compensate fading and attenuation observed on the way of receiver. Bandwidth also plays a major role in the designing of any wireless system. As the no. of organization and application of wireless increase at the tremendous rate, frequencies are divided in many spectrums so it has created the problem of frequency limitation. Efficient systems are those systems which utilize less bandwidth. As the signal reach to receiver by multi path propagation where each signal attenuated differently and suffer different delay, signal spread in frequency domain and interfere with other signal which is nearby, this multi path propagation issue should be resolved at receiver.

Motivation In the last century, the advances in very large scale integration (VLSI) and digital signal processing (DSP) technologies have enabled the implementation of complicated algorithms and coding systems in small devices with low power consumption, as required in modern mobile communications. Such technical breakthroughs have promoted the rapid growth of the global market in wireless communication equipment and services. Furthermore, the demands for higher Network capacity and improved performance of wireless communications are continuously growing. With the advent of applications such as multimedia data transmission (audio and video streams) or online gaming networks, a much higher spectral efficiency is needed to provide the services with adequate quality [1]. It is essential to plan and develop new communication technologies, in order to cope with the increasingly high demand for network capacity in the future wireless systems. Hence, the development of faster and more reliable wireless techniques has become one of the most vibrant areas in communications engineering. However, this is a difficult task since wireless systems have to contend with signal fading, multi-path propagation, interference, noise and limited bandwidth. According to Shannon's information theory, it is well-known that the capacity represents the highest possible data rate that channel can support. Also, his classic formula for channel capacity is a function of bandwidth and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) . Either Increasing signal power or expanding channel bandwidth are two intuitive ways to improve capacity. Unfortunately, both of these ideas are impractical, as the power is generally constrained in mobile devices and the channel spectrum is usually limited by certain regulations. Thus, many approaches like advanced modulation and coding schemes have been proposed to offer higher spectral efficiency. The concept of utilizing the degrees of freedom in the spatial domain through antenna arrays, which has emerged in the last few decades, is now being regarded as one of the strongest candidates for the next generation of wireless communications. In particular, researchers have shown that schemes with multiple antennas on both sides (so called MIMO systems) can tremendously enhance the system throughput, reliability and coverage, without the necessity of extra power and bandwidth MIMO systems have received considerable attention in the last decade due to their potential benefits, and related research has been very active in recent years, in both academia and industry. Generally speaking, multiple antenna systems can be classified into two main categories: diversity systems and spatial multiplexing systems. The main goal of a diversity scheme is to improve the error performance and hence the system reliability. The primary structure for spatial diversity consists of an antenna array at the receiver side only. The idea is to provide multiple erosions of the transmitted messages with different fading severity. The receiver then implements some combining algorithm. For example, the receiver can simply pick up the signal with the best SNR, this is the so called selection diversity. Alternatively, the receiver could use

maximum ratio combining, which takes the sum of all the received signals weighted according to their SNR values. Such schemes are effective methods in combating multi-path fading problems. Space-time coding (STC) is an extension of traditional spatial diversity, which aims to provide more reliable communication. While conventional methods use multiple antennas at the receiver only to combat fading effects, STC further enhances the gain by adding the utilization of transmit diversity. The two most well-known techniques in this category are Space-Time Trellis Codes (STTC) and Space-Time Block Codes (STBC). STTC can become very complicated as the number of antennas increases. The implementation of STBC (a well-known example being the Altamonte scheme, on the other hand, is relatively simple. Hence, despite its performance loss as compared to STTC, STBC receives a lot of attention in the context of MIMO systems. Such schemes code the message in both space and time. In other words, replicas of the message are transmitted at a delayed time on different antennas. The initial structure proposed in [16] consist of two transmit and one receive antenna, and the idea was further generalized in [17] for systems with arbitrary numbers of antennas by using the theory of orthogonal designs. This type of configuration allows a very simple maximum-likelihood decoding algorithm [18]. While diversity schemes can improve the error performance significantly, spatial multiplexing schemes, on the other hand, are capable of providing very high system throughputs. Such a scheme simply divides the incoming data into sub-streams and transmits them on different antennas. Modulation and coding for each transmit antenna occurs independently. Thus, the overall throughput is raised as multiple data streams are sent simultaneously. In general, spatial multiplexing schemes can be classified into open-loop or closed-loop configurations, depending on the existence of a feedback mechanism. Bell Lab Space- Time (BLAST) [19] is a typical open-loop spatial multiplexing architecture, as channel state information (CSI) is estimated and used only at the receiver side to separate and extract the transmitted messages. Many researchers have shown that throughput can be increased if both terminals of the link possess CSI [20]. Thus, despite the higher system complexity, there is a strong interest in closed-loop schemes with a feedback link to provide CSI to the transmitter. By and large, MIMO systems inherit the diversity gain which improves performance in terms of bit error rates (BER), while it can also improve the data rate through multiplexing (sending independent data streams over different antennas). However, a trade-o has been found between diversity and multiplexing [21]. Considerable research is now focused on attempting to develop systems that can enjoy the advantages of both techniques. Spatial multiplexing techniques makes the receivers very complex, and therefore it is typically combined with orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) or with Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) modulation, where the problems created by multi-path channel are handled efficiently. The IEEE 802.16e standard incorporates MIMOOFDMA. MIMO is also planned to be used in Mobile radio telephone standards such as recent 3GPP and 3GPP2 standards. WiMAX implementations that use MIMO technology have become important. The use of MIMO technology improves the reception and allows for a better reach and rate of transmission. The implementation of MIMO also gives WiMAX a significant increase in spectral efficiency. 3G MIMO describes MIMO techniques which have been considered as 3G standard techniques. MIMO, as the state of the art of intelligent antenna (IA), improves the performance of radio systems by embedding electronics intelligence into the spatial processing unit. Spatial processing includes spatial precoding at the transmitter and spatial post

coding at the receiver, which are dual each other from information signal processing theoretic point of view. Intelligent antenna is technology which represents smart antenna, multiple antennas (MIMO), self-tracking directional antenna, and cooperative virtual antenna [2]. Recent Research (Literature survey ) In MIMO multiple antennas are used at the transmitter side and at the receiver side which improve the performance of the system in terms of increase in capacity and bit-rate without increase transmitted power and bandwidth, but as no. of antenna increase no. of channel also increase which increase interference known as co-channel interference. Researchers are going on to develop some techniques to be used with MIMO to reduce co-channel interference in multichannel environment. It has been shown in [5], that CDMA system with MIMO techniques can increase system capacity, In this research paper author has proposed inverse channel decoding techniques and compared it with conventional transpose matrix decoding method. In the same paper it has been shown that BER can be improved significantly by inverse channel decoding techniques than the conventional method. Interference in MIMO can be reduced at higher extent if MIMO is used with OFDM technique. Many researchers have shown that the performance of the system is highly improved in MIMOOFDM compared to other techniques. It has been stated in [1] that MIMO- OFDM system work better than MIMO MC-CDMA techniques at higher load but at lower load MIMO MC-CDMA outperform MIMO-OFDM. In Many applications MIMO-OFDM is used, this concept is highly used at WLAN and WMAN and also applicable for Wi-Max system. It has been sown in [8] that inter symbol interference at the receiver in MIMO techniques can be reduced if shaping algorithm is used at the transmitter side with pre-coding, thus nearGaussian distributed channel symbols are generated and reduction in average transmitted power has been investigated. Capacity is improved in MIMO system at the cost of complex receiver and transmitter structure. Some researchers have proposed some decoding techniques to reduce the complexity of the receiver. Most recent researches are done in the direction to optimize system performance in MIMO by various preceding techniques and improved trans-receiver design with distinct space time coding techniques. It is also very challenging task to implement MIMO with in real time environment. Many types of fading and propagation loss have to be to consider for perfect analysis, so the system evaluation is performed on the basis of certain assumption. In many research papers nature of channel is considered as quasi-static (time in-variant) where in real time scenario channel is always time variant. In the modeling of channel many researchers have considered only Rayleigh fading, there are many other kinds of fading are also available so there is scope to evaluate the system performance in terms of capacity and BER for other fading environment also.

Refrences :1] Performance Analysis and Comparison of Downlink MIMO MC-CDMA and MIMO OFDMA Systems Antonis Phasouliotis and Daniel K.C. So School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering The University of Manchester Manchester, UK. 2] A Discrete-Time Model for Triply Selective MIMO Rayleigh Fading Channels, Chengshan Xiao, Senior Member, IEEE, Jingxian Wu, Sang-Yick Leong, Yahong Rosa Zheng, and Khaled Ben Letaief, Fellow, IEEE. 3] On the Applicability of MIMO Principle to 10-66GHz BFWA Networks:Capacity Enhancement through Spatial Multiplexing and Interference Reduction through Selection Diversity , Konstantinos P. Liolis, Student Member, IEEE, Athanasios D. Panagopoulos, Member, IEEE, Panayotis G. Cottis, and Bhaskar D. Rao, Fellow, IEEE.
4] System Design and Analysis of MIMO SFBC CI-OFDM System against the Nonlinear

Distortion and Narrowband Interference , Heung-Gyoon Ryu Member, IEEE 5] Canceling Co-Channel Interference for MIMO CDMA Systems , Yang Xiao1 , Ying Zhao1 and Moon Ho Lee 2, 1 Institute of Information Science, Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing 100044, China, 2 Division of Electronics and Information, Chonbuk National University Jeonju 561-756, Korea, 6] Information Capacity of MIMO Cellular Networks by Muhammad Naeem Bacha 7] A novel iterative detection method for time-varying MIMO systemby Qianlei Liu,Luxi Yang, Zenya He, Department of radiop engineering ,china. 8] Precoding and Signal Shaping for Transmission over MIMO Channels by Robert F.H. Fischer, Clemens Stierstorfer, Christoph Windpassinger Lehrstuhl fur nformationsubertragung, Friedrich{Alexander Universitat Erlangen.