December 2020.

1
THE SDGS FRAMEWORK IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

OKVIR ZA REALIZACIJU
THE SDGS FRAMEWORK IN
CILJEVA ODRŽIVOG
BOSNIA AND RAZVOJA
HERZEGOVINA
U BOSNI I HERCEGOVINI

December 2020 2020.

decembar/prosinac
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December 2020.
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THE SDGS FRAMEWORK IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

Agenda 2030 is an action plan for people, the planet and prosperity. It seeks to
strengthen the universal peace in larger freedom. This plan will be implemented by
all countries and stakeholders, acting in collaborative partnership. We are resolved
to free the human race from tyranny, poverty and to heal and secure our planet.
4

CONTENTS

01. LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������5

02. INTRODUCTION �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������7
03. THE PROCESS OF DESIGNING THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS FRAMEWORK�����9
04. KEY PRINCIPLES OF THE SDGS FRAMEWORK IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA ����������������������11
05. VISION AND DEVELOPMENT PATHWAYS BY 2030 �����������������������������������������������������������������������������12
06. HORIZONTAL THEMES�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������14
07. DEVELOPMENT PATHWAY: “GOOD GOVERNANCE
AND PUBLIC SECTOR MANAGEMENT”�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������18
7.1 Accelerator 1: Efficient, open, inclusive and accountable public sector������������������������������������������������ 19
7.2 Accelerator 2: Rule of law, security and fundamental rights�������������������������������������������������������������������� 21
7.3 Accelerator 3: Resilience to disasters��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������22
7.4 Targets and indicators within the development pathway
“Good Governance and Public Sector Management”�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������26
08. DEVELOPMENT PATHWAY „SMART GROWTH“���������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 28
8.1 Accelerator 1: Enabling environment for entrepreneurship and innovations for production of high
value export-oriented goods��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������29
8.2 Accelerator 2: Increasing investments in infrastructure����������������������������������������������������������������������������32
8.3 Accelerator 3: Enhancing access and quality of education and training���������������������������������������������34
8.4 Accelerator 4: Green growth and clean energy������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������36
8.5 Accelerator 5: Smart natural resource and environmental management�������������������������������������������38
8.6 Targets and indicators within the development pathway “Smart Growth”���������������������������������������� 41
09. DEVELOPMENT PATHWAY „SOCIETY OF EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES”������������������������������������������� 51
9.1 Accelerator: Enhancing social protection policies��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������52
9.2 Accelerator 2: Activation and employment focusing on vulnerable categories�������������������������������53
9.3 Accelerator 3: Efficient health care for all�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������54
9.4 Accelerator 4: Enhancing inclusiveness of education systems����������������������������������������������������������������55
9.5 Accelerator 5: Financial inclusion ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������57
9.6 Targets and indicators within the development pathway “Society of Equal Opportunities”����������58
10. INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISM FOR COORDINATION AND MONITORING OF THE
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS FRAMEWORK IN BOSNIA
AND HERZEGOVINA . . . ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������64
11. FINANCING THE SDGS IMPLEMENTATION �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 65
12.MONITORING AND REPORTING ON PROGRESS IN ACCOMPLISHING THE SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT GOALS IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA �������������������������������������������������������������������� 67
December 2020.
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THE SDGS FRAMEWORK IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

01.
LIST OF
ABBREVIATIONS

АЕС Adult Education Survey

BDBiH Brčko District of Bosnia and Herzegovina

BFP Budget Framework Paper

BiH Bosnia and Herzegovina

ЕЕА European Environment Agency

ЕЕА Evropska agencija za okoliš (eng. European Environment Agency)

ESCO Energy Service Company

EU European Union

EUFOR European Union Force in Bosnia and Herzegovina

EUROSTAT European Statistical Office

EUSR European Union Special Representative in Bosnia and Herzegovina

FBiH Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina

GDI Gender Development Index

GDP Gross Domestic Product BDP

Gini index Income Inequality Index

GISAH Global Information System on Alcohol and He

IЕА International Energy Agency

ILO International Labor Organization

IMF International Monetary Fund

MSMEs Micro, small and medium enterprises

NBSAP National Biodiversity Strategies and Action Plans

NEEAP National Energy Efficiency Plan of Bosnia and Herzegovina

NREAP National Renewable Energy Action Plan in Bosnia and Herzegovina

ODA Official Development Assistance

6
OECD The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development

PISA Programme for International Student Assessment

PPP Public- Private Partnership

PPS Purchasing Power Standards

RS Republika Srpska

SDG Sustainable Development Goals

SAA Stabilization and Association Agreement

STEM Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics

S&P Standard and Poor’s credit rating

TVET Technical and Vocational Education and Training

UN United Nations

UNDP United Nations Development Programme

UN IGME United Nations Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation

UNSD United Nations Statistics Division

USD US dollar

WB World Bank

WFD Water Framework Directive

WHO World Health Organization

WTTC World Travel & Tourism Council

December 2020.
THE SDGS FRAMEWORK IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
02.
INTRODUCTION
In September 2015 Bosnia and Herzegovina, together
with 192 United Nations Member States, committed
to implement Agenda 2030 for Sustainable
Development (Agenda 2030), which consists of 17
Sustainable Development Goals and 169 targets. The
Agenda 2030 Document emphasizes the following:
„The 2030 Agenda is a plan of action
for people, the planet and prosperity.
It also seeks to strengthen universal
peace in larger freedom.
All countries and all stakeholders
acting in collaborative partnership
will implement this plan. We are
resolved to free human race from
tyranny, poverty and destitution, and
want to heal and secure our planet.”
The sustainable development goals are the blueprint
to achieve a better and more sustainable future
for the whole world. They address the global
challenges faced by the whole world, including
poverty, inequality, climate change, environmental
degradation, prosperity, peace and justice. Agenda
2030 and the Sustainable Development Goals are
based on three crucial principles:
1. Universality, which implies a commitment and
readiness of all countries to implement them,
respecting their internal organization and
the level of development which contribute
to the comprehensive effort for sustainable
development in all contexts and times;
7
2. Integration of all sustainable development
aspects, meaning more equal economic growth
by protecting environment and natural resources,
and creating more equitable society and reducing
inequality;
3. The “Leave no one behind” principle, which seeks
to eliminate multidimensional causes of poverty
and inequality as well as discrimination in all forms.
Introducing this principle in practice requires
mechanisms for management and responsibility
at all levels, from the local to the international
level, in order to ensure implementation of
measures for ensuring equality.
Bosnia and Herzegovina has recognized the
importance and potential for implementation of the
Sustainable Development Goals and Agenda 2030
as an opportunity to significantly improve social,
economic and environmental aspects of life within
the country and to enhance the regional cooperation.
Sustainable development is in the core of the
policies of the European Union and its member
states, and accession of Bosnia and Herzegovina to
the European Union is an overarching priority for
BiH. The Stabilization and Association Agreement
(SAA), which came into force in 2015, defines
Bosnia and Herzegovina as a “potential candidate”
for accession to the European Union. Bosnia and
Herzegovina formally submitted its application for
membership of the European Union in February 2016.
The European Commission’s opinion as of May 2019
on BiH’s candidate status says: “the negotiations for
accession to the European Union should be opened
with Bosnia and Herzegovina once the country
has achieved the necessary degree of compliance
of the membership criteria and in particular the
Copenhagen political criteria requiring the stability
of institutions guaranteeing the notable democracy
and the rule of law“.1 The emphasis of the European
Union on ensuring “the European perspective” for
BiH is additionally demonstrated with liberalization
of the visa regime for BiH in 2014, as well as by
publishing the Western Balkan Strategy in February
2018, and with continuation of the operations of the
EUFOR Mission/Althea and EUSR Office.
The European integrations and sustainable
development are closely related in practice. Starting
from several decades’ experience in defining and
1 Commission Opinion on Bosnia and Herzegovina’s application for
membership of the European Union, Brussels (29 May 2019), p. 14.
8
implementing strategies and policies of sustainable
development at the level of the European Union and
its member states2, also the Europa 2020 Strategy
is based on the pillars of “smart, sustainable and
inclusive growth”. The European Union had a
significant, global role in defining Agenda 2030 and
the Sustainable Development Goals, and the (revised)
European Consensus on Development is a base for
aligning the European Union’s policies with Agenda
2030.
Accession of the countries from Central Europe and
the Balkans, which joined the EU in 2004 (e.g. Slovenia,
Hungary, Poland), in 2007 (Bulgaria and Romania)
and in 2013 (Croatia) also had significant implications
on sustainable development for those countries. The
accession processes provided the support for their
alignment (in terms of legislation and policies) with
European and global standards, since those processes
were accompanied with targeted financial aid and
support for institutional development. In combination
with appropriate political and economic transitional
processes, accession to the European Union implies
the consolidation of institutions for democratic
governance and human rights, adoption of good
neighbor policies and inflow of technologies and
foreign investments required for modernization of
the economy. It also implies adoption of the European
standards with regard to energy, environment and
climate, which have enabled significant reduction of
carbon emissions and improvement of water and air
quality (per GDP unit). The processes for accession to
the European Union have accelerated the transition
towards sustainable development in the countries
which are the North and West neighbors of Bosnia
and Herzegovina.
Since 2015 the European Union has been supporting
the policies of sustainability in its member states
by determining the structure within the Union on
implementation of Agenda 2030. It is evident, among
others, in the European Commission’s document Next
steps for a sustainable European future: European
action for sustainability (November 2016) and the
document Sustainable Development in the European
Union, prepared by Eurostat every year (published in
November 2017 and September 2018). The European
Union’s policies in the areas of energy and climate,
employment, social inclusion, regional development
and many others also reflect important elements
2 The EU's Sustainable Development Strategies date from the period
of the European Commission A sustainable Europe for a Better World:
A European Union Strategy for Sustainable Development (2001), while
the national sustainable development strategies of the EU member
states date from the earlier period.
of the European Union’s acquis communautairea,
with which the candidate countries and potential
candidates must align their policies during the
pre-accession period. In addition, sustainable
development is a leading political priority of the new
European Commission (2019-2024), where all policies
and strategies of the European Commission have to
contribute to achievement of the SDGs.
The European Union officially looks at the enlargement
as a form of “financial and technical cooperation”,
which is separated from development cooperation.
Partly due to that reason, a new framework for the
programming period 2021-2027 has to be adopted
at the level of the European Union to support policies
and programs in the countries that have the status
of the candidates or potential candidates, and which
will be fully aligned with the commitments taken
within Agenda 2030. However, it does not mean
that Agenda 2030 and the Sustainable Development
Goals are irrelevant from the perspective of Bosnia
and Herzegovina’s accession. Among others, the
European Commission’s document Key European
action supporting the 2030 Agenda and Sustainable
Development Goals lists the instrument for pre-
accession assistance (IPA) as a measure to support the
implementation of 2030 Agenda and the Sustainable
Development Goals. The aspirations for membership
indicate that the European Union’s frameworks
for monitoring achievements of the Sustainable
Development Goals and reporting of the member
states, have to be in principal and eventually applied
also in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
In that context it is particularly important to emphasize
that in late 2019 the European Commission presented
„The European Green Deal“, that is the European green
plan, a new strategy of the European Union’s growth.
The goal of the European Green Deal is to make Europe
the first climate neutral continent by 2050 and to
transform the European Union in a modern, resource
-efficient and competitive economy, which will not
only resolve climate and environmental challenges,
but it will also transform them in opportunities,
and it will make the transition fair and inclusive3.
For the authorities in Bosnia and Herzegovina it is
important that the European Green Deal also defines
a clear goal for establishment of the Green Agenda
for the Western Balkans, which implies that the overall
progress in the socio-economic development is
followed by environmental protection and measures
to fight climate changes.
3 https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/2995521/11011937/8-22
062020-AP-EN.pdf/f2aa5f4d-a7a9-8ea6-8664-639fd4244a78
December 2020.
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THE SDGS FRAMEWORK IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

The first step for implementation of Agenda 2030
in Bosnia and Herzegovina is to develop the SDGs
Framework in Bosnia and Herzegovina, as a joint
document of governments at all levels which defines
broader development directions, through which the
governments at all levels and the society in Bosnia and
Herzegovina strive to contribute to accomplishment
of the SDGs. Based on the situation analysis with
regard to sustainable development in Bosnia and
Herzegovina, that is, the key development trends,
opportunities and obstacles, particularly within the
context of Bosnia and Herzegovina’s accession to the
European Union and extensive consultations held
with representatives from institutions at all levels
of government and socio-economic stakeholders
from 2018-2019, three pathways of sustainable
development in Bosnia and Herzegovina were
determined:: 1) Good Governance and Public Sector
Management; 2) Smart Growth; 3) Society of Equal
Opportunities, and two horizontal themes 1) Human
Capital for the Future and 2) the “Leave no one
behind” Principle.
commitments taken by Bosnia and Herzegovina,
the SDG Framework in Bosnia and Herzegovina also
determines the concrete targets and indicators to
measure the progress.
Therefore, this document is a broader framework
to achieve Agenda 2030 and the SDGs and as such
it will serve for steering the current and upcoming
processes of strategic planning in Bosnia and
Herzegovina, the Republika Srpska, the Federation
of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Brčko District
of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The governments at
all levels in BiH will define their priorities, measures
and activities in compliance with the constitutional
competencies and will provide their contribution for
achieving Agenda 2030. The mentioned development
pathways have to contribute to creating of a better
society and future, where no one will be left behind,
where people, prosperity, peace, partnership and
care for the Planet Earth are at the core of a better
and common future.

Within each of the mentioned development

pathways the accelerators and drivers are defined
which have to lead to the desired changes by 2030.
In addition, in compliance with Agenda 2030 and

03.
THE PROCESS OF DESIGNING THE SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT GOALS FRAMEWORK

The extensive consultations on Agenda 2030 and the SDGs, focused on citizens, were launched in Bosnia
and Herzegovina in 2016 under the umbrella initiative “Imagine 2030”, which was conceptualized by the
UN in Bosnia and Herzegovina, in which more than 5,000 people have participated up to now and which
remains to be the main tool of advocacy and raising awareness on the SDGs in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Agenda 2030 and the SDGs were officially presented in April 2017, when a high level conference was held
on Agenda 2030 under the auspices of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and subsequently the
institutions were appointed to lead the coordination process for implementing Agenda 2030 at the level of
Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Republika Srpska, the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Brčko District
of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Pursuant to the Decision of the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina as
of March 2017, the Directorate for Economic Planning of Bosnia and Herzegovina was appointed as a technical
coordinator of the process, while the Development Planning Institute of the FBiH was appointed on behalf
of the Government of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Ministry for European Integrations and
10
International Cooperation was appointed on behalf
of the Government of the Republika Srpska, as well as
the representatives of the Government of the Brčko
District of Bosnia and Herzegovina were appointed.
Subsequently, the inter-governmental Working
Group was established to support the preparation
of the SDGs roll-out, and the SDG Roadmap in
Bosnia and Herzegovina was developed. The overall
support in the implementation process for Agenda
2030 in Bosnia and Herzegovina is provided by
the United Nations (UN) and the United Nations
Development Program (UNDP), in cooperation with
the Government of Sweden and its financial aid.
Most of the time in 2018 was dedicated to the
extensive consultations with stakeholders,
with support of the UN MAPS Mission 4 .
The consultations were held with more than 250
representatives of the public, private and non-
governmental sectors in June 2018, as well as a
conference gathering more than 400 representatives
from the private sector, the analytical and technical
plans were prepared for drafting two key documents
of Bosnia and Herzegovina: the first Voluntary Review
and the SDGs Framework in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
In late 2018 within the SDGs Working Group three
sub- groups were established:
• The Sub-group for drafting the Voluntary Review
of Bosnia and Herzegovina on Implementation of
Agenda 2030 and the SDGs;
• The Sub-group for the SDGs Framework in Bosnia
and Herzegovina;
• The Sub-group for statistics.
The First Voluntary Review of Bosnia and Herzegovina
on Implementation of Agenda 2030 and the
Sustainable Development Goals was developed
and presented in the United Nations at the high
level Political Forum in July 2019. By presenting
the Voluntary Review the representatives of the
Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina,
the Government of the Federation of Bosnia and
Herzegovina, the Government of the Republika
Srpska and the Government of the Brčko District
expressed the support and readiness of all levels of
government in Bosnia and Herzegovina to provide
their full contribution for implementation of Agenda
2030 and the Sustainable Development Goals.
4 Mainstreaming, Acceleration and Policy Support.
Work on design of the SDGs Framework within the
afore-mentioned Sub-group was initiated in late
2018, while the first Draft document, with support
from the Government of Sweden, the United Nations
and United Nations Development Program was
developed in May 2019. The first Draft document
was the subject-matter of extensive multi-sectoral
consultations held in June, with participation of more
than 200 representatives from the institutions of
governments at all levels in Bosnia and Herzegovina,
as well as representatives from the non-governmental
and private sectors, and academia as well. The
additional round of consultations was subsequently
held with representatives from the institutions of
the Republika Srpska (July 2019), of Bosnia and
Herzegovina (September 2019), then the Federation
of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Brčko District of
Bosnia and Herzegovina (September- October 2019).
After having held the consultations and received
proposals and recommendations with regard
to the proposed development pathways for the
governments at all levels in Bosnia and Herzegovina,
and their accompanying accelerators, drivers and
targets, the Sub-group for the SDGs Framework in
Bosnia and Herzegovina finalized the document.
It was envisaged to hold the second round of
consultations in April 2020, but they were not held
due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Due to the newly
occurred situation, it was necessary to conduct
an additional analysis of the documents, that
is, to determine the impact of pandemic on the
proposed elements of the documents, including also
determination of new priorities.
The second round of consultations, before submitting
the documents for adoption to the Council of
Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Government
of the Brčko District of Bosnia and Herzegovina, as
well as to the governments of the Republika Srpska
and the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina was
held with the institutions at all mentioned levels, as
well as with the cantons in the Federation of Bosnia
and Herzegovina. In addition to the consultations
with the institutions, in October 2020 the Sub-group
for the SDGs Framework conducted the consultations
with representatives from the private sector, civil
society organizations and academia.
December 2020.
THE SDGS FRAMEWORK IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
04
KEY PRINCIPLES OF
THE SDGS FRAMEWORK
IN BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA
• The governments at all levels in BiH recognize
the inherent potential of the implementation of
Agenda 2030 and they see it as an opportunity
for improvement of social, economic and
environmental aspects of life within the
country, and for substantial enhancing regional
cooperation. Therefore the governments at all
levels are committed to jointly achieve the
Sustainable Development Goals, in compliance
with their constitutional competencies and
international principles and standards of
human rights.
• Agenda 2030 is a driver of change for BiH in
many ways. The selection of the moment and its
universal character offer a unique opportunity for
a holistic approach to development, as well as
an opportunity for the governments at all levels
to work together, learn from each other and to
establish strong and open partnerships.
• BiH endeavors to become a family member of the
European Union. The accession to the European
Union and Agenda 2030 are the processes
which are complementary and mutually
reinforcing, which encourage institutions and
citizens to strive for a better society and future,
where no one will be left behind and where
people, prosperity, peace, partnership and care
for our planet are at the core of a better and
common future.
• The SDGs Framework in BiH is at the core of
Agenda 2030 for Bosnia and Herzegovina.
The framework responds to the existing and
11
new challenges through defining broader
development pathways, through which the
governments at all levels and the society in
BiH strive to contribute to accomplishing the
SDGs.
• The SDGs Framework informs future strategic
planning processes at the level of BiH, the
Republika Srpska, the Federation of Bosnia and
Herzegovina and the Brčko District of Bosnia
and Herzegovina. Through these processes, all
levels of government will define their priorities,
measures, and activities in compliance with the
constitutional competencies and will ensure the
contribution for implementation of Agenda 2030.
• All levels of government in BiH will strive to
additionally foster the strategic development
planning and management systems, because
the coherent systems, strong inter-sectoral links
and coordination are of paramount importance for
efficient planning, implementation, monitoring
and reporting on Agenda 2030.
• While mainstreaming Agenda 2030 in strategic
documents, the governments at all levels
will endeavor to encourage a participatory
approach, in which all stakeholders will have
a role for creating a sustainable society. In that
sense, the efforts will be made to focus on
women’s real needs and perspectives and also
of all those who are in an unfavorable position
and who often have the least benefits from the
development processes.
• The governments at all levels commit
themselves to target funds for implementation
of the priorities determined in their strategic
documents, aligned with the SDGs. At the same
time, the governments at all levels will explore
the ways for financing Agenda 2030 through
establishing partnerships with global partners,
the private sector and other financial sources, with
an aim of determining and using new business
models and long-term investments.
• The governments at all levels in BiH are
committed to establish a functional system for
long-term coordination of implementation as
well as monitoring and reporting on Agenda 2030.
12

05.
VISION AND
DEVELOPMENT
PATHWAYS BY 2030

VISION 2030
The common vision of the governments at all levels in Bosnia and Herzegovina
is a prosperous, economically and institutionally developed, socially equitable
country, of equal opportunities for all its citizens with developed infrastructure,
knowledge based socienty, where natural and other resources are used efficiently,
environment is protected and rich diversity is taken care of.

Human capital
for the future
Principle
Good "Leave no one
Governance and Society behind"
Public Sector of Equal
Management Opportunities

Smart Growth

Image 1 ― Visual presentation of development pathways

December 2020.
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THE SDGS FRAMEWORK IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

As a response to development challenges, during the countries. The focus of this development pathway
consultations with stakeholders under the auspices of is sustainable economic growth, meaning smart
the UN, held in May and December 2018, the elements management of natural resources by using clean
of vision and three broader development pathways energy (green growth), stronger resilience to
in Bosnia and Herzegovina were determined.5Those natural disasters, in order to eventually create a
pathways that have a big number of important mutual more equitable society and to reduce inequality.
links, reflect the development situation and priorities
in BiH. As such, the development pathways determine
the key accelerators – development policies or • Society of equal opportunities, in order to
broader interventions, which have to contribute to realize the “Leave no one behind” principle
achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals, and the goal for achieving gender equality. In
and within each accelerator the individual drivers addition to the administration reform as well
are defined, which resolve challenges and contribute as rapid income growth and employment, it
to achieving desired changes by 2030. Good implies enhancing the social protection system
governance and public sector management, in at all levels in BiH, as well as enhancing access to
order to create an accountable, transparent, efficient education, training and labor market, in order to
and effective public sector, which can ensure rule better protect those who are facing the highest
of law. The specific priorities include enhancing the risk of poverty and social needs (e.g. the elderly,
process of policy design and coordination, delivering children and adults with disabilities, inhabitants in
better services for citizens and business community, remote rural areas, ethnic minorities and certain
enhancing financial resource management, public groups of women and children), and to improve
enterprise reforms, reducing corruption, and social cohesion as well. At the same time, rights-
ensuring a more functional judiciary system. based approach to healthcare implies that health
policies and programs must include as a priority
the needs of those who are most excluded in order
• Smar t growth which aims to ensure to ensure a higher degree of equality, which is the
transformation of innovative and productive principle reiterated in recently adopted Agenda
ideas in products and services which may lead 2030 for sustainable development, and universal
to creating highly qualified and highly paid jobs, health coverage.6
leading toward larger productivity, accelerated
growth while preserving natural capital and
reducing inequality in the society. This pathway
implies entrepreneurship development, industrial
policies and transformations in key sectors,
proactive promotion of innovative capacities
and productivity by incentivizing companies
which achieve rapid growth, as well as creating
an innovative sector, as an essential condition
for ensuring prosperity resulting primarily from
creating highly-paid jobs.
Engaging people in entrepreneurship, enhancing
framework conditions and access to finance for
research and innovations, enhancing knowledge
and skills for production of high value products
and services will ensure high growth and
reduction of non-compliance with high income

5 At the initial stage of document drafting four development pathways

were proposed: 1) Good Governance and Public Sector Management,
2) Smart Growth, 3) Society of Equal Opportunities and 4) Human
Capital. However, given the importance and relevance of human capital
for all development pathways, during the process of document drafting 6 World Health Organization – human rights and health
it was decided that human capital will be a horizontal theme included
in all development pathways, instead of being a separate development https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/human-rights-and-
pathway. health
14
06.
HORIZONTAL THEMES
„The practical success of idea, regardless
of its inherent advantages, depends on
attitude of people.“ Nikola Tesla
Given their relevance for Agenda 2030 and the
context of Bosnia and Herzegovina, two horizontal
themes have been determined which are interwoven
through three mentioned development pathways,
such as: “Investment in human capital for future”,
and the “Leave no one behind” principle.
Human capital for future
Human capital means intangible collective resources
possessed by individuals and groups within certain
population. Human capital includes not only
knowledge and skills but also experience, creativity,
individuality, good health and moral character. In
the business-organizational sense it is deemed that
joint investments of an employer and employees
in human capital contributes on a long-term basis
not only to enterprise development but also to the
whole society. Looking at it through a prism of public
policies, citizens and public policies have to jointly
invest in human capital and that human capital has
to be valued.
Human capital is one of the basic factors of
development and its fostering is among key
priorities in countries. Many research7 in Bosnia
and Herzegovina has indicated that insufficient
investment in human capital, but also valuation of
the existing one, result in population outflow, which
is substantially increasing every year. Just because
of importance of human capital, the World Bank
calculates the Human Capital Index, and according
to the latest data as of 2017, Bosna and Herzegovina
7 E.g. Research of MEASUREBiH indicates that the most important
reason for young people to leave is a lack of possibility for em-
ployment. http://www.measurebih.com/uimages/MEASURE-BiH_
NYS2020182007262018.pdf
is ranked on the 58th position of 157 countries, with
the Human Capital Index of 0,62. It means that a
child born in Bosnia and Herzegovina today will
achieve 62% of his/her full productivity as an
adult in relation to what he/she could be with
completed full education and with full health
care.
Considering the fact that accelerated development
is not possible without strong human capital, this
Framework strives through the existing development
pathways (Smart Growth, Society of Equal
Opportunities, and Good Governance and Public
Sector Management) to incorporate the importance
of investing in human capital and its valuation.
Recognizing human capital as a crucial factor for
development and implementation of the policies
which contribute to human capital development
may prevent the population outflow, but also result
in potential return of the population that has already
left.
Principle “Leave no one behind”
Introducing the “Leave no one behind” principle in
practice requires mechanisms of management and
accountability from the local to the international
level. It also means that there are certain measures
enabling that a progress in implementing the “Leave
no one behind” principle is visible through steps
being taken towards achieving the targets related
to accomplishing equality. It will not be possible to
achieve the SDGs if the poorest and most vulnerable
remain neglected and excluded from development
processes or if they do not have benefits from
the achieved progress and enhancements in the
December 2020.
15
THE SDGS FRAMEWORK IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

society. It is important to explore which persons are

neglected and left behind in Bosnia and Herzegovina
in a broader sense, in which parts of the country
they live, what the causes and consequences of their
negligence are and which policies have to be defined
in order to improve their position in the society.

In Bosnia and Herzegovina the concept “Leave no

one behind” has been earlier incorporated through
the prism of social inclusion and social protection.
However, this concept goes deeper than the previous
approach and it calls for combination of targeted
policies in order to enhance the condition of the most
vulnerable categories of population and policies
targeted on more equitable and sustainable growth
and on creating an environment which actively
encourages inclusion of everyone in the decision-
making processes, with full observance, protection
and exercising human rights. Due to that reason, the
accelerators and drivers under three development
pathways emphasize a need to focus on policies and
measures targeted on the neglected and excluded
part of the population (affirmative measures).

A multi-dimensional feature of both horizontal

themes is interwoven through almost all accelerators
and drivers, which is presented in the following Table:
16
Good governance
Smart growth
and public sector management
Accauntable administration focused on Increasing investment in infrastructure, research,

ENTREPREURSHIP AND INNOVATIONS FOR

citizens and business sector development and innovations

PRODUCTION OF HIGH VALUE EXPORT-

EFFICIENT, OPEN, INCLUSIVE AND

Faciliating busienss operations and support to rapid

ACCOUNTABLE PUBLIC SECTOR

Efficient public financial management growing firms

ENABLING ENVIRONMENT FOR

IMPORT ORINENTED GOODS

Digitalization of economy
Digital transformation of the public sector
Mobilizing diaspora potentials

Depolitization and professionalization of Support to creating global value chains

public enterprises
Strengthening the role of cities and regions as drivers of
Functional system of policy design and development
sustainable development management
Development of "transfer infrastructure"

Efficient judiciary system

A bigger share of public investment in infrastructure
INFRASTRUCTURE
INVESTMENTS IN
INCREASING

Efficient fight against corruption

RULE OF LAW, SECURITY AND

Ensuring equal access to modern transport infrastructure

FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS

Protection of workers rights Strengthening public digital infrastructure

Fight against various forms of crime and Teachers' capacity building, modernization of schools and
terrorism teaching methods
QUALITY OF EDUCATION AND

Digital skills development

ENHANCING ACCESS AND

Protection of human rights

Universal and quality pre-school education
Smooth delivery of social services and Strategic investment in research-development activities of
essential goods educational institutions
TRAINING

Sustainable recovery Efficient system of life-long learning

Curriculum reform at all levels of education

Improved crisis communication
Decentralization of electricity system
ENVIRONMENTAL
SMART NATURAL
RESOURCE AND

MANAGEMENT

Social protection for all Energy poverty reduction

RESILIENCE TO DISASTERS

De-carbonization to the energy sector

Resilient and inclusive public health
infrastructure and institutions Development of "green skills"

Improved public procurement system and Disaster risk management

more efficient regulation
Mine clearance of contamined areas
GREEN GROWTH AND

Smooth functioning of key infrastructure

Protection and renewal of natural capital institutions
CLEAN ENERGY

HUMAN CAPITAL FOR Develop a system of circual economy institiutions

THE FUTURE Stronger control and monitoring of the ecosystem quality

Sustainalble tourism
December 2020.
17
THE SDGS FRAMEWORK IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

Society of equal opportunities

ENHANCING SOCIAL

Focused and better targeting public expenditures for social protection

PROTECTION

Strengthening infrastructure of service providers by introducing new models

POLICIES

Upgrading the system for indentification and monitoring vulnerable families and families at risk
ACTIVATION AND

TO VULNERABLE

Increasing the activity rate and including vulnerable categories in the labor market
EMPLOYMENT

CATEGORIES

Increasing employability of unemployed persons through development of social entrepreneurship

Implementing reforms for financial health care services

Enhancing access and quality of health care services

EFFICIENT HEALTH
CARE FOR ALL

Preventive health measures

Strategic approach for retaining the existing staff and to human resource development in the health
sector generally

Equitable access to education

OF THE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM

Establishing the early detection and intervention system for children at risk and difficulties in their
ENHANCING INCLUSIVENESS

development

Increasing the coverage of children with preschool education (age 3 to 6 years)

Measures for reducing early school leaving

Reducing number of persons without knowledge or skills and their integration in the labor market

Enhancing affordabiity of financial services for the most vulnerable categories of population
INCLUSION
FINANCIAL

Better access to microcredits with affordable interest rates

PRINCIPLE
"LEAVE NO ONE BEHIND"

Image 2 ― Visual presentation of development pathways, accelerators and drivers

18

07.
DEVELOPMENT
PATHWAY: “GOOD
GOVERNANCE AND
PUBLIC SECTOR
MANAGEMENT”

The implementation of Agenda 2030 and the SDGs in Bosnia and Herzegovina may provide support to a
holistic approach for governance, which is required for design and implementation of better public policies
and better provision of public services: In particular the following may be supported:

institutional reforms, which are a precondition to

• Vertical integration, for aligning the SDGs initiate the accession negotiations.
Framework with documents at the level of Bosnia
and Herzegovina, the Brčko District of Bosnia
and Herzegovina, the Federation of Bosnia and • As afore-mentioned, this pathway is of crucial
Herzegovina and the Republika Srpska, as well importance for sustainable development in
as subsequently with strategic documents at the Bosnia and Herzegovina in the future. Currently
level of the cantons and local governments (“the good governance and public sector management
SDGs localization”); are facing numerous challenges and obstacles,
which are a result of the socio-economic context.
To the end of resolving them, the governments at
• Horizontal integration, for alignment of sectoral all levels could apply two key accelerators, with
strategies and other planning documents at one appropriate drivers, as described below.
level of government with the Framework and
strategic documents at all levels of government
and establishing partnerships with the private
sector, civil society and other socio-economic
partners;

• Fiscal/financial alignment, to ensure that strategic

documents are aligned with appropriate financial
frameworks,8 to avoid converting strategies into
a “wish list” without funds provided, and

• Alignment with the European Union accession

processes, in particular with regard to the linkages
between the SDGs and policy reforms as well as

8 For more information on the BiH mid-term fiscal

framework (2019-2021) see Program ekonomskih re-
formi 2019-2021. BiH, p. 30-43.
 December 2020.
THE SDGS FRAMEWORK IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
Efficient, open, Rule of law, security
inclusive and and fundamental
accountable public rights
sector
Image 3 ― Visual presentation of the development pathway
“Good Governance and Public Sector Management”
7.1 Accelerator 1: Efficient, open, inclu-
sive and accountable public sector
With strong institutions of the public sector, which
deliver quality services to citizens, it is important
for the governments in Bosnia and Herzegovina to
create a potential environment for private sector
growth, poverty reduction and to establish citizens’
trust, that is, the trust which is created when citizens
can participate in decision-making processes and
when they know that their voice is respected (heard).
Taking into account the afore-mentioned, after
having considered and included recommendations
from the documents related to public sector reforms
(existing strategic documents, SIGMA principles for
public administration reforms, the World Bank’s
strategic priorities for administration strengthening
and the IMF’s recommendations for enhancing
management in public enterprises), several key
drivers were identified within this development
pathway.
It is necessary that all levels of government in Bosnia
and Herzegovina continue with strengthening
consistent, functional, economically efficient and
sustainable systems for coordination, planning,
development and implementation, monitoring
and evaluation of policies and Agenda 2030. It
19
Good governance
Resilience to
and public sector
disasters
management
includes establishing efficient and effective tools for
distribution of public funds, as well as for human
capacity building in the public administration.
Secondly, it is necessary to establish strong institutions
in the public sector, thereby clearly separating the
politics and administration, ensuring individual
responsibility of civil servants, good governance
standards and human resource management
practices, as well as adequate protection of jobs,
salary levels, stability and clearly defined rights
and obligations of civil servants. Strong institutions
in the public sector depend on appropriate
mechanisms which will ensure accountability of
public administration. The basis for accountability
is to enable overall access to the public information.
The accountable administration focused on
citizens, and better service delivery to citizens
and businesses are at core of good governance.
Digitalized services, based on modern technology,
take into account the users’ needs, such as persons
with disabilities, the elderly, foreigners and families
with children.
Efficient public financial management, including
optimal usage of financial resources, is a key for
accomplishing the SDGs. A good base for tax
collection, socially responsible and efficient tax
administration as well as an efficient system for
budget design and execution, and the competent
civil service are essential for better quality service
delivery and creating a fiscal space required for
achieving inclusive growth.
Under the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic,
public financial management will have to be raised
to a substantially higher level, because attracting
20

required funds and investments will become more
difficult and subject to stricter rules. Among others,
contributions to international organizations and
development agencies will be reduced due to the
needs of developed countries to finance their own
budget deficits and therefore, the rules for allocation
of those funds will become stricter. Funds will be
allocated to those who better manage, achieve
bigger efficiency and better fight against corruption.
On the other hand, private investors will require
more guarantees for their investments in developing
countries, and thus also for Bosnia and Herzegovina.
A new approach for service delivery in the private
sector raised citizens’ expectations with regard to
service delivery in the public sector. It is particularly
visible during the COVID-19 pandemic, which has
demonstrated that many traditional services may
and must be delivered through digital technologies.
It includes new communication channels with
internal and external users and service delivery
(including also through mobile devices), data based
decision-making and business processes based on an
increasing quantity of data, enhancement of human
potentials and new procurement mechanisms. At the
same time it is necessary to face challenges of digital
transformation of the public sector, which is
reflected in the fact that for digital transformation of
the public sector it is required to hire new employees
(with digital competencies) and to integrate tools,
methods and culture of digital technologies in
daily activities in the public administration. For the
purpose of accelerating transformation, it is required
to establish a system for measuring client satisfaction
(service users satisfaction), which will be transparent
and available to the public.
The public enterprise reform is one of the highest
priorities in the public sector in Bosnia and
Herzegovina. In order to ensure good governance
and efficient public enterprise management,
the governments at all levels must carry out
depoliticization and professionalization of
their administration, as well as the process
of restructuring and privatization wherever
feasible, and introduce models of public-private
partnerships and concessions.

Functional system
of policy design
and sustainable
development
management
Digital
transformation of
public sector

Efficient, open,
inclusive and
accountable public
sector

Accountable Efficient
administration focused public finance
on citizens and business management
sector

Depoliticization and
professionalization
Image 4 ― Visual presentation of Accelerator 1 under of public
the development pathway “Good Governance and Public enterprises
Sector Management”: Efficient, open, inclusive and
accountable public sector
December 2020.
THE SDGS FRAMEWORK IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
7.2 Accelerator 2: Rule of law, security
and fundamental rights
Rule of law, security and fundamental rights
represent one of key accelerators which have to
lead to improvement of the overall administration
and public sector management in Bosnia and
Herzegovina. Adequate functioning of the judiciary
system and efficient fight against corruption are of
paramount importance, as well as observance of the
fundamental rights through the legislation and in
practice. Continuous implementation of the Judiciary
Sector Reform Strategy in Bosnia and Herzegovina
will contribute to more efficient functioning of the
judiciary system, more transparent and enhanced
work of the bodies for the judiciary management
system, independence of judges and prosecutors,
accountability and efficiency of employees both in
the executive and in the judiciary authorities. To the
end of supporting economic development through
increase of investments and other commercial
activities in the country, the judiciary system in Bosnia
and Herzegovina must demonstrate efficiency,
effectiveness and transparency in its work. Rapid
business registration and dispute resolution among
business entities, bankruptcy and liquidation of
business entities, and protection of their property
rights, are some of the aspects where the judiciary
system reform in Bosnia and Herzegovina may
contribute to economic development of the country.
Simultaneously, it is necessary to continue with
digitalization of government services for enterprises.
In spite of adopting new laws, e-signatures have not
been introduced due to different legal frameworks
at different administrative levels.
The number of online services for enterprises, such
as tax payments, has to be increased and to ensure
data interoperability.
At the same time, it is required to work on protection
of workers’ rights, including also workers in the grey
economy, and in particular women, in order to ensure
that all employees exercise the same rights, regardless
of the employment status and contract type, and
to ensure certainty and protection for them. The
COVID-19 pandemic increased the job uncertainty
in formal and in particular in informal economy
(employees with service contracts, temporary or
occasionally employed, employed in unregistered
organizations, etc.). It has to be taken into account
21
that not paying adequate attention to informally
employed persons encourages already large informal
economy and informal employment. The position of
workers has been additionally weakened by increase
of a share of occasional and temporary jobs in total
jobs, and by the fact that numerous jobs do not have
a possibility for remote work. Therefore it is required
that the governments at all levels envisage support,
that is, allocation of funds to companies that will
retain their workers during the crisis, and provide
training and improve working conditions after the
crisis. The tripartite social dialogue is one of the
tools for protecting workers’ rights and for ensuring
workers’ voice in the society and at workplace.
For the purpose of protecting human rights of
citizens, the governments at all levels must enhance
the fight against corruption, which remains to be
one of the most serious problems in the country.
In compliance with the anti – corruption policies
of the European Union, it is necessary to improve
coordination among various bodies responsible for
prevention and fight against corruption. Additionally,
it is required to improve communication between the
judiciary institutions and non-governmental sector.
In addition to general fight against corruption in the
country, the fight against corruption in the judiciary
system is still one of the highest priorities in the
country.
The strategic, legal, institutional framework and
the policy frameworks for protection of human
rights have to be fully implemented. In addition, in
Bosnia and Herzegovina the legal and institutional
frameworks have to be completed in terms of
establishing a harmonized, efficient and free of
charge system of legal aid in the whole country, and
to ensure non-discriminatory access to justice. It
means raising public awareness on how the judiciary
system in Bosnia and Herzegovina has to function
and how it is possible to access to the information.
The significant role in fostering the rule of law has to
have the strengthening of the framework for inter-
agency cooperation of law enforcement agencies,
enhancement of regulations on mutual access to
data bases between these agencies and prosecutors’
offices. It is also necessary to enhance the policies
for legal and illegal migrations, asylum, judiciary
cooperation in civil and criminal cases, and fight
against drug abuse.
22

With an aim of achieving a high degree of security it

is necessary to additionally strengthen cooperation
and capacities of the security structures in Bosnia and
Image 5 ― Visual presentation of Accelerator 2 under
Herzegovina. The fight against different forms of
the development pathway „Good Governance and
crime, including high – tech crime and terrorism, Public Sector Management“: Rule of law, security and
has to be intensified through establishing records on fundamental rights
investigations, criminal prosecution and acquittal/
conviction verdicts.

Efficient judiciary
system

Protection Efficient
fight against
of human
rights
Rule of law, corruption
security, and
fundamental
rights

Fight against
various forms of Protection of
crime and terrorism workers' rights

7.3 Accelerator 3: Resilience to disasters
The existential risk is a threat to destroy long-term
potentials of the society. Such a threat may come out
from pandemics, (intentional or accidental) usage
of developed biological, chemical, radiological and
nuclear weapons, (ab)use of artificial intelligence,
numerous space events and etc. Events of a low
probability and big impact are life facts, as the COVID
– 19 pandemic is currently demonstrating. Virologists,
epidemiologists and ecologists have been warning
for decades to a threat of transmitting communicable
diseases from animals to humans. In addition to
those events of a low probability and bigger impact,
there are events of a larger probability and smaller
impact, such as technical (system failure, negligence,
accidents, etc.) and armed risks and treats (terrorism,
civil unrests, wars, etc.).
Each country must develop resilience to disasters,
that is, its capacity to prevent occurrences of
harmful events, to protect from them, to mitigate
their consequences, to react to them and to recover
from them. Therefore, appropriate strategies have
to be adopted as well as to develop risk and crises
management plans. In the continuously changing
cyber environment, the authorities in Bosnia and
December 2020.
THE SDGS FRAMEWORK IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
Herzegovina have to have flexible and dynamic
strategic documents for cyber security in order to
respond to new global threats, as it is the practice in
the European Union countries. Those documents have
to be a response to risks, but at the same time they
must ensure the public private partnership and the
common usage of information. Within cooperation
with the private sector, particular attention has to be
paid to operability of information technology and to
computer based infrastructure functioning.
It is particularly important to ensure protection
and functioning of key infrastructure, both of the
technical nature (energy supply, transport, drinking
water supply, waste disposal and wastewater (urban
and industrial) collection and treatment, internet
functioning) and of the socio-economic nature
(public health, food for people and animal feed,
rescuing services, accident management control,
financial and insurance services, media, cultural
facilities (cultural-historical heritage) etc.).
It is also necessary to put the flows of service delivery
and procurement, provision and distribution of
essential goods under control. The governments at
all levels must ensure key public goods (health, food,
water, order, security, justice, information, education,
etc.) which may be produced in various ways (public
agencies, private firms, public-private partnership)
but publicly delivered.
During crises, as well as during the time after crises,
it is necessary to encourage more sustainable
recovery in order to use support to economic
recovery at the same time as a tool for accomplishing
goals of broader, strategic importance and to be
conditioned with following the SDGs (related to
climate change, decarbonization, etc.). At the same
time, allocation of subsides should be targeted to
those business entities that are most in need to
the end of preventing the situations that funds are
received by those which have them or those which
pay dividends or buy their shares during the crisis
and during certain time period after the crisis. Fund
allocation also has to be conditioned by restricting
the salary funds, including employees in committees,
defining bonuses for managers, etc.
23
Therefore, it is necessary to improve the public
procurement system with regard to mitigating
consequences of the crisis, which must be simple,
transparent and accountable and ensure distribution
of resources and funds rapidly and efficiently. It has to
be followed by the audit, supervision and reporting
system. It is very important to develop procedures
for centralized procurement in order to ensure that
citizens in the whole country receive key goods, to
avoid accumulation on one side and shortages on
the other side, to get value for money, and to avoid
artificial price increase.
It is important, as much as possible, or completely, to
avoid illegal financial flows and to prevent a possibility
for occurrence of various frauds, which might
accompany responses to crises by introducing more
efficient regulation. It also includes cooperation
with banks and other financial institutions in order
to cut financial channels linked with frauds.
Crises like the COVID-19 pandemic are a challenge,
but also an opportunity to conceptualize and put
in place resilient and inclusive public health
infrastructure and institutions, which are efficient
in crisis resolution. That infrastructure has to be
able to predict and respond to crises with an aim of
reducing suffering of people.
Health protection of citizens requires that the public
sector adequately reacts also during crisis situations
when the health system collapses like during the
COVID-19 pandemic. It means rapid detection,
reaction, prevention and communication with the
public on health threats. It is necessary to strengthen
vertical and horizontal communications during
the crisis situations which negatively impact the
public health through a common platform, which
automatically initiate relevant factors.
It is necessary that the health sector has preparedness
plans developed with different scenarios of threats on
public health, plans of development and continuous
upgrading of the data collection systems as a basis
for evidence based decision-making, plans for
enhancement of preventive measures, as well as
plans for adoption and development of an integrated
24

and cooperative approach of various sectors and

levels of government involved in management,
plans for disclosing the available information and
public warning release, and to plan and carry out
interventions focused on reducing exposure to
health risks.

It is very important to regulate workers’ work and

firms’ operations during disasters. It is required
to develop clear and precise rules for remote work
and usage of public equipment during disasters. It
includes clear rules on rapid decision-making and
distribution of goods as well as appointing focal
points for submitting complaints.

For the society resilient to crises, social protection

provision, in particular for the poor and vulnerable,
is of crucial importance. The crises emphasize the
importance of policies, strategies and institutionalized
funds for providing social protection to beneficiaries
who are already within the social protection system
as potential beneficiaries for that form of protection.
Governments do not have to wait for a crisis in order
to activate social care mechanisms but they must
have them prepared in advance, in compliance with
a potential type of crisis (such as, e.g. floods, which
periodically occur in Bosnia and Herzegovina), in
order to avoid finding a solution during the crisis.
December 2020.
25
THE SDGS FRAMEWORK IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

Image 6 ― Visual presentation of Accelerator 3 under

the development pathway “Good Governance and
Public Sector Management”: Resilience to disasters

Smooth delivery
of services and
essential goods
Smooth functioning
of key infrastructure

Sustainable
recovery

Improved public Resilience to

disasters
procurement
system and more
efficient
regulation
Improved crisis
communication

Resilient and
inclusive public
health infrastructure
and institutions
Social
protection for all
26

7.4 Targets and indicators within the development pathway “Good Governance and
Public Sector Management”
The table below presents the targets, with the baseline and target values within the appropriate SDGs,
and the indicators for monitoring the progress towards accomplishing the goals within the development
pathway “Good Governance and Public Sector Management”.

SDG 5:ACHIEVE GENDER EQUALITY

AND EMPOWER ALL WOMEN AND GIRLS

Target 5.1: End all forms of discrimination against women and girls
Alternative SDG indicator 5.1.1: Gender Development Index – GDI
Year Baseline (2018) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030)
Indicator value 0,924 0,934 0,975

Source: http://hdr.undp.org/en/data
Comment: Slovenia - 1,003, Croatia - 0,989 and Serbia - 0,976 are the countries classified in the first group, meaning
that they have a high level of equality in achieving the human development indicator between women and men. BiH
is in group 4, meaning that it is a country with a middle-low level of equality between man and women, and thus the
goal for BiH is to be in the first group by 2030.

Target 5.5: Ensure women’s full and effective participation and equal opportunities for leadership at all levels of
decision-making in political, economic and public life
Adjusted SDG indicator 5.5.1: Proportion of seats held by women in parliaments (%)
Year Baseline (2018) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030)
Indicator value
BiH 21,4 23,5 40,0
FBiH 27,0 29,0 40,0
RS 21,8 24,0 40,0
BD BiH 9,7 20,0 40,0

Source: Statistics from the general elections in 2018, Thematic bulletin No. 11, BiH Statistics Agency BiH,
Sarajevo 2019 – for BiH all years, for FBiH and RS for 2018-2022.; Election indicators – General elections 2018,
Central Election Committee, 2019. – for FBiH and RS for 2010-2014, and 2014-2018 http://izbori.ba/Default.
aspx?CategoryID=431&Lang=3. Data for BD BiH are as of 2020
December 2020.
27
THE SDGS FRAMEWORK IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

SDG 16: PROMOTE PEACEFUL AND INCLUSIVE SOCIETIES FOR

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, PROVIDE ACCESS TO JUSTICE
FOR ALL AND BUILD EFFECTIVE, ACCOUNTABLE AND INCLUSIVE
INSTITUTIONS AT ALL LEVELS
Target 16.1: Significantly reduce all forms of violence and related death rates
Adjusted SDG indicator 16.1.1: Intentional homicide per 100.000 population
Year Baseline (2016) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030)
Indicator value
Total 1,3 1,2 1,0
Men 1,7 1,6 1,4
Women 0,8 0,6 0,6

Source: https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/, C- data for BiH

Comment: EU average „total“ is 1,0.

Target 16.6: Develop effective, accountable and transparent institutions at all levels
Alternative indicator 16.6.1: Worldwide governance indicators
Year Baseline (2019) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030)
Indicator value
Voice and accountability 39,0 55,0 65,0
Political stability and absence of violence/
30,5 50,0 63,0
terrorism
Effectiveness of government 28,9 50,0 58,0
Regulation quality 47,0 55,0 70,0
Rule of law 22,0 48,0 53,0
Corruption control 30,3 48,0 55,0

Izvor: www.govindicators.org. Procentni rang među svim zemljama [od 0 (nizak) do 100 (visok)].

SDG indicator 16.6.2: Proportion of population satisfied with their last experience of public services
Year Baseline (2013) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030)
Indicator value 38,1 50,0 70,0

Source: Data of Transparency International on perception of public administration in BiH. „Satisfied population“
include respondents who in the survey chose the option „very satisfied“ or „rather satisfied“.
Comment: In 2016 the average percentage of citizens in OECD countries recorded as satisfied with the systems of
public health and education was 70%, and 67%.

Alternative indicator 16.6.3: Credit rating (S&P)

Year Baseline (2018) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030)
B B+ BB

Source: Central Banked of BiH (2020)

https://www.cbbh.ba/Content/Read/549?lang=hr
28

08.
• Expanding the entrepreneurship scope by
enhancing overall business conditions and
by increasing budget funds for research,
development and innovations in order to
accelerate development of knowledge-based
high value products and services, which would
ensure faster economic approaching to high
DEVELOPMENT PATHWAY income countries;

„SMART GROWTH“
Smart growth is aimed to ensure transformation
of innovative and productive ideas into products
and services which may create highly-paid jobs and
accelerate economic growth and, at the same time,
preserve natural capital and reduce social inequalities
(Image 7).
Maintaining macro-economic stability and
strengthening markets and enhancing economy
management (both in the public and private sectors)
are pre-conditions for expansion of entrepreneurship,
companies with lower growth, innovations
which efficiently use resources, digitalization and
knowledge- based economic activities.
In addition, this development pathway emphasizes:
• Quality learning and life-long learning, better
alignment of supply at the labor market with
demand and investments in science, research,
technology and innovations, in order to accelerate
creation of decent jobs in the economy of the 21st
century;
• Larger focus on green economy policies and
approaches – in particular regarding energy,
communal services, tourism sector, as well as
urbanization and spatial planning. In addition
to supporting acceleration of economic growth,
such an approach is a precondition for more
sustainable management of natural resources
and bigger resilience to natural disasters and
disruptions.

Smart natural
resources and
environmental
management
Increase
Green growth
investments in
and clean energy
infrastructure

Enhancing
Enabling
environment for Smart access and
entrepreneurship growth quality of
education and
and innovations
training

Image 7 ― Visual presentation of the development

pathway “Smart Growth”
December 2020.
THE SDGS FRAMEWORK IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
8.1 Accelerator 1: Enabling environment
for entrepreneurship and innovations for
production of high value export-oriented
goods
In addition to investments in human capital and
strengthening the social protection system, policies
in Bosnia and Herzegovina must focus on increasing
investments of the public and private sectors generally
and on the knowledge economy. This approach has
to be focused on: (i) increase of a share of investments
and GDP; (ii) increase of a share of investments in
research and development and GDP; and (iii) increase
of a share of the export of higher technology in the
total exports.9 It is necessary to incentivize with
measures of the productivity policy (targeted on
increase of aggregated supply) and the fiscal policy
(targeted on increase of aggregated demand) not
only the increase of aggregated investments, but
also to target them in production of high tech goods,
which may be achieved, primarily, by encouraging
investments in research and development (through
public sector grants which complement private
sector investments) and investments in production
of high tech products.
Bosnia and Herzegovina cannot get out from “the
middle income trap” without development of the
entrepreneurship sector of economy, including
both women’s and social entrepreneurship. The
organizational structure of the enterprise sector in
the European Union is such that micro-enterprises
employ approximately 30% of the totally employed,
almost as much as large enterprises, which employ one
third of the total number of employed. In this regard,
both large and small enterprises are also needed
in Bosnia and Herzegovina, with large enterprises
becoming leaders of the value chain to which
rapidly growing small firms so called “gazelles” are
“fastened”. In parallel, the continuous enhancement
of the business environment is required through
facilitation of business operations by reducing
procedures and various fiscal and para-fiscal charges.
On the other side, it is required to create innovative
models for tax collection.
9 For the definition and list of high tech sectors and products see Hatzi-
chronoglou, T. (1997) Revision of the High-Technology Sectorand Pro-
duct Classification, STI WORKING PAPERS 1997/2. Paris: OECD. Also see
the Eurostat document on high technology available on https://ec.eu-
ropa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Glossary:High-tech
29
A focus should be targeted also on establishing
technological-innovation centers to
support creation of global value chains 10
by using subsidies, which will enable to resolve
common problems of one or several sectors and to
provide technical support to SMEs in overcoming
an information gap as one of the key reasons for
market systematic weaknesses. Such technological-
innovative centers may be additionally supported
through the public procurement policy, since the
innovative policy is increasingly relying on the
demand side, with public procurement being an
important opportunity for encouraging innovations.
At the same time, the contribution of technological-
innovative centers in generating knowledge has to be
taken into account, given their crucial role in the area
of innovations.11 As such, technological-innovative
centers may be specialized for research, education
in research and professional training of firms’ labor
force with a potential to become international leaders
in certain economic niches in which certain regions/
areas in Bosnia and Herzegovina already has strong
or potentially strong international competitiveness.
Technological-innovative centers may contribute
to attract investments in the region, particularly
foreign direct investments, by identifying investment
opportunities, providing services for meeting
strategic needs of firms-investors (skill development,
capacity building of firms from the supply chain, etc.).
Possibilities for better integration in value chains
seem to be bigger in the software industry, creative
and culture economy, pharmaceutical industry,
wood industry and furniture manufacturing, auto
parts manufacturing and dairy production. Also,
clusters based on large enterprises, which also
include micro, small and medium enterprises, may
be a starting point from where such integration may
be organized. Since Bosnia and Herzegovina is facing
very demanding transition from the existing low-
technological export (only 33 US$ p.c. in 2017) to
the intensive export of appropriate skills and capital,
technological-innovative centers may have a very
10 Global value chains are an important opportunity for less developed
countries to become a part of the global economy, absorb knowled-
ge and technologies as well as to add value to their products, while
enabling developed countries to strengthen their position and further
development.
11 Public procurement is a significant opportunity for encouraging
innovations due to two reasons: (i) governments are often more willing
or more capable to pay higher prices, which are usually requested
when introducing a new product and (ii) demand of governments often
very rapidly reaches a critical size, particularly because governmental
agencies/bodies may combine individual demands and create a strong
incentive, and contribute to reducing the market risk, looked from the
perspective of technological-innovative centers.
30
important role in skill development as well as in
technology transfer and development.
One of the ways in which the COVID-19 pandemic
disturbs the economic activity is the impact on
the global value chains. Job closure, difficulties in
transport, etc. impact the supply of raw materials
and components, causing shortages of key elements.
Therefore countries and sectors suffer on one side,
there are difficulties in ensuring production factors,
and on the other side in marketing (placing) products
and services. In addition, Bosnia and Herzegovina is
very vulnerable to cutting or narrowing the value
chains, in particular those ones from the processing
industry and tourism. It is about cutting the chain
at the entry point (e.g. supply of components from
China) and at the exit point (e.g. delivery of leather
industry products, footwear and textile to firms in
Italy).
For the economy of Bosnia and Herzegovina the crisis
may be an opportunity to increase its participation in
value chains, because during the crisis time countries
try to expand the geographic dispersity of chains and
to reduce risks. However, the precondition for that is
that development policies encourage investments in
infrastructure, education and public health, conduct
an adequate value chain policy (to foster absorbing
capacities of firms potentially inclusive in value
chains, to increase efficiency of the local supplier
network as well as the quality of the labor force)
and increase sustainability of value chains through
practicing the policy of equitable distribution of
income and environmental protection.
A significant driver is increasing investments in
the infrastructure of research, development and
innovations at the public sector level as well as at
the enterprise level. That driver implies introducing
the productivity policies, on which accomplishing
the intensive growth is based, and whose key
components are innovations, investments and skills.
The innovation increase is based on investments
in research and development, which must be
significantly increased, while the rule that the public
sector provides one third of those investments has
to be a milestone, and the private sector provides
the two thirds. One of instruments of the innovation
policy has to be conditioned allocation of public
funds, e.g. on one KM of subsidy from the public
sector, the private sector has to invest one or more
KM. Those investments in research and development
would be gradually increasing, thus in 2030 achieved
investments would amount 1,5% of GDP in BiH, that
is, GDP of the entities and the Brčko District of BiH.
Digitalization of economy is of crucial importance
for productivity and competitiveness of economy.
In this regard, digitalization of small and medium
enterprises, as well as digitalization of agriculture
in combination with digitalization of public
infrastructure, is deemed to be one of crucial
drivers of development in the future. In addition to
productivity, competitiveness and revenue growth,
digitalization contributes to reduction of an income
gap between the rural and urban population, as well
as to environmental sustainability and resilience to
sudden crises.
The investment increase has to be based on much
better mobilization of financial resources. Therefore
it is necessary to introduce new financial instruments,
financial mechanisms and financial institutions.
First of all, it is necessary to introduce non-banking
deposit institutions, which are not in existence in
Bosnia and Herzegovina, such as savings institutions,
credit unions, and similar, in order to mobilize more
deposits and to place more loans, because it would
be possible to include a bigger number of firms and
citizens through those forms. Also, for mobilization
of funds it would be necessary to develop mutual
guarantee institutions, which function according to
the principle of the institutional partnership from
the public, private or civil sector and their goal is to
support development of micro, small and medium
enterprises (e.g. public and private mutual guarantee
schemes). With introducing new financial institutions
(e.g. non-banking institutions which receive deposits)
and mechanisms (such as funds for research and
development and funds for risk capital), those
financial policies have to help to increase private
savings and to target on new enterprises and sectors
that have good economic prospects in the future.
Crises are often accompanied by budget and
financial difficulties, and they impact (cause) reduced
investments, strengthening credit restrictions and
slower adoption of new technologies. It adversely
impacts potential production, particularly in countries
which are, like BiH, in deep structural imbalance.
Therefore it is of particular importance to increase
productivity as a basic preventive factor.
Crises accelerate requests for structural reforms,
focused on productivity growth as a main source
December 2020.
THE SDGS FRAMEWORK IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
of economic growth. However, in Bosnia and
Herzegovina for productivity growth it is necessary to
ensure not only introducing the productivity policy but
also development of “the transfer infrastructure”,
which implies transfer and development
of technologies as well as human capital. 12
Development of the transfer infrastructure, i.e.
the infrastructure which ensures transformation
of innovations into commercial products, can
be achieved in BiH by establishing scientific-
technological centers through the partnership
of the public, private and civil (academia) sectors.
Those centers would enable productivity increase
through their two basic components – the
research-development component and the training
component, which would contribute to creation of
a bigger number of higher value added products,
increase of competiveness and larger exports.
Development of “the transfer infrastructure” will
be more efficient if additional attention is paid to
micro and small enterprises, more precisely, to the
size increase of their digital coefficient, which would
ensure their faster development, internationalization
and transformation into bigger enterprises. It means
development of new business processes within small
and medium enterprises in Bosnia and Herzegovina
and also development of incentivizing mechanisms
for introducing e-commerce.
Developed cities/regions may play a key role in
providing support to the knowledge based sectors
in order to be integrated in regional and global value
chains. In particular it includes cities/regions which
are university centers and where there is knowledge
concentration as well as other resources.
For cities/regions to be development drivers, they
have to recognize the private sector leaders and to
support them with active measures, particularly in
the area of the public private partnership thereby
achieving creation and development of value
chains, and subsequently production clusters or at
least development poles. Such support policy for
development leaders has to be targeted, if possible,
to the higher tech sectors, and to include small and
big companies which generate knowledge as well
as to promote cooperation among them in the
area of research, development and innovations. An
12 Numerous countries developed very successful infrastructure of this
type. The Germans have Fraunhofer Gesellschaft, the biggest in Europe,
in Taiwan ITRI, South Coria ETRI, the Dutch TNO, the Brits have Katapult
centers, etc. In line with this, BiH could develop „the transfer infrastru-
cture“as a group of regional scientific-technological centers based on
competitive advantages of the regions.
31
important goal has to be linking domestic companies
operating in the country with transnational
companies in order to lay foundations for adding
higher value to products in which more demanding
foreign consumers are interested and by doing so
to achieve higher income, etc. Cities/regions must
create an environment which:
• Attracts companies,
• Promotes learning/training and transfer of
technologies,
• Encourages emerging of MSMEs (micro, small and
medium enterprisers),
• Encourages emerging and development of
supply/demand chains, value chains, production
clusters,
• Develops institutions that encourage export
increase,
• Encourages arrival and development of risk
capital funds (RCF) and
• Supports development of distributive channels
in the EU markets.
Policies for strengthening entrepreneurship
in Bosnia and Herzegovina also have to
pay significant attention to mobilization of
diaspora potentials in terms of encouraging
them to activate required skills and resources
for development in the country. In this regard,
it is important to integrate the migration issues in
development planning at all levels in the country
and to activate specific financial instruments to
support creation of businesses from diaspora and for
attracting financial resources from diaspora. At the
same time, more engagement is required for raising
awareness and understanding of a unique role which
diaspora may play in development processes in
Bosnia and Herzegovina, then diaspora mapping (in
order to enhance networking and cooperation), and
finally, to work on enhancement of political, social
and economic conditions and environments which
encourage bigger diaspora engagement, including
reforms for enhancement of business and investment
environments for small and medium enterprises, as
well as financial system reforms thus increasing
the levels of aggregated savings and aggregated
investments.
32

Creating conditions for bigger diaspora engagement 8.2 Accelerator 2: Increasing

into development requires efforts of the governments investments in infrastructure
at all levels in Bosnia and Herzegovina in order to
provide diaspora with better services and respond
to their needs. One of mechanisms by which it is
As the practice of developed countries shows, the
possible to include diaspora in development processes
governments in Bosnia and Herzegovina must
in the country to the larger extent is promotion of
increase not only the investment rate but also
institutional partnerships and networks with countries
within the investment structure increase the share
where diaspora lives and works. It is also important
of public investments in infrastructure, at least
to work on establishing a partnership between the
in the amount of 5-7% of Gross Domestic Product.
authorities and diaspora associations, based on mutual
Investments in infrastructure may largely support
trust, and all that for the purpose of promoting a
establishment of public-private partnerships and
coordinated approach in activating diaspora potentials
in that sense it is required to work on creating an
and converting “brain drain” into “brain gain”. It is also
enabling environment for such models, given that
important to create supporting institutions and adopt
in that way it is enabled to introduce commercial
policies and programs which recognize the importance
discipline in delivery of infrastructure services,
of diaspora for the socio-economic development in
with simultaneous increase of efficiency and cost
Bosnia and Herzegovina. Usage of skills and expertise
reduction.
of diaspora may be mentioned as an example in order
It is particularly important to ensure equal access to
to achieve positive transformations in the education
modern transport infrastructure in all parts of the
sector – attracting experts from diaspora as visiting
country, including also sustainable public transport.
professors at educational institutions in Bosnia and
Herzegovina, etc.

Increasing
Facilitating
investments in
business
infrastructure, Digitalization
operations and
research, of economy
support to rapid
development and
growing firms
innovations

Fostering enabling
environment for
entrepreneurship Support to creating Mobilizing
and innovations for global value chains diaspora
producing high value potentials
export-oriented goods

Strengthening the Development Image 8 ― Visual presentation

role of cities and
regions as drivers
of development
of "transfer of Accelerator 1 under the
infrastructure" development pathway
“Smart Growth”: Fostering
enabling environment
for entrepreneurship and
innovations for producing high
value export-oriented products
December 2020.
THE SDGS FRAMEWORK IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
Equal development of transport infrastructure
is a crucial pre-condition for strengthening
competitiveness, social cohesion and overall
sustainable development.
It is needed to enhance public digital infrastructure
and to ensure availability of relevant data to research-
development organizations, faculties and enterprises
which are not able to provide those resources, and
simultaneously taking into account the data integrity
and security. It means creating a platform in order
to enable the public and private sectors, education,
research and other institutions to more adequately
perform their functions, as well as establishing
centers for cloud data storage, which will enable
one’s own data management and digitalization of
the public administration, with reduced individual
costs for hardware and software purchase which are
needed for individual institutions. It also means
Ensuring equal
A bigger share of
access to
public investments
modern transport
in infrastructure
infrastructure
Image 9 ― Visual presentation of
Accelerator 2 under the development
pathway “Smart Growth”: Increasing
investments in infrastructure
33
adoption of an adequate legal framework for
broad band in BiH, aligned with the EU legislation
and introducing new generation’s technologies of
fast and ultra-fast internet, usage of a broad radio
frequency spectrum for development of mobile
communications (complete implementation of 4G
and establishing 5G+ environment) and development
of interoperable applications. Enhancement of public
digital infrastructure is of particular importance
during the crisis time, when outages in the strength
of internet network traffic occur due to the increased
usage of data, increased limit of consumption by
operators, etc. Therefore it is required to additionally
increase investments in digital infrastructure,
which is “a bottle neck” of development.
Image 9 ― Visual presentation of Accelerator 2
under the development pathway “Smart Growth”:
Increasing investments in infrastructure 13
Strengthening
public digital
infrastructure
13 During the crisis in BiH outages have been noted in strength of
Internet traffic. According to the Digital Quality of Life Index for 2020,
which is regularly calculated by Surfshark, during the first months of
pandemic 49 to 85 countries involved experienced outages, and 44
countries weaker Internet speed. Surfshark stresses that a pleasant
surprise is internet functioning in the Balkans countries (Bulgaria,
Serbia, Croatia and Albania) but not in BiH (https://surfshark.com/
dql2020-slides.pdf).
34
8.3 Accelerator 3: Enhancing access and
quality of education and training
The results of PISA test, conducted in 2018, showed
a poor situation related to knowledge of pupils
in schools in Bosnia and Herzegovina, since 58%
of pupils do not achieve the minimum level of
functional literacy in mathematics, 57% in natural
sciences and 54% in reading. One of the key findings
of the European Commission’s Analytical Report on
Bosnia and Herzegovina for 2019 is that particular
attention has to be focused on “the low quality of
education and insufficient orientation towards the
labor market needs”. In that sense, the accelerator
for the education quality emphasizes a need for
development of knowledge which will prepare
young people for a working and life environment
which is changing and for a sustainable future, in
particular focusing on an individual approach to
learning, building basic and mathematical literacy,
and acquiring general and specialized knowledge,
skills, and competencies based on learning outcomes.
The first driver within this accelerator relates to
the curriculum reform at all levels of education for
education to eventually result in functional knowledge.
It is necessary to enhance the education quality because
it is the first and most important step in the process of
evolving active, responsible and engaged citizens. In
that sense, the emphasis is on improving teaching plans
and programs, based on learning outcomes and key
competencies, and consequently, quality assurance
by the competent institutions, including knowledge,
skills and competencies for the 21st century (critical
thinking, problem solving, entrepreneurial learning,
digital skills, financial literacy, STEM education) and
defining a better enrollment policy. This driver enables
a progress and improvement of the education quality
and it is targeted on the need to change the existing
approach to what is being taught and how students
and pupils learn. Since the majority of the unemployed
in Bosnia and Herzegovina has three or less than
three grades of the secondary education completed14
and primarily complete the secondary vocational
education, it is important to continuously
enhance teaching plans and programs in
secondar y vocational schools, based on
learning outcomes and key competencies in
14 FBiH Statistics Institute, 2018.; Statistics Institute of RS, 2018.
cooperation with all relevant stakeholders 15
, in order to be as much adjusted as possible with
the labor market needs, and to provide pupils with
knowledge, skills and competencies which will
improve their chances for employment.
The second driver within this accelerator relates
to comprehensive and quality pre-school
education, that is, to improving coverage of children
with pre-school education, and not only in the year
preceding the school enrollment but also at the age
from 3 to 6 years, having in mind that currently a
majority of children of that age have no access to
pre-school programs. Having in mind the importance
of a possibility for children to learn in a structured
environment in an early stage, the low coverage rate
with pre-school education for the age group from
3 to 6 years indicates a need for improvements in
this area.
The next drivers important for enhancing the
education and training quality are related with the
teachers’ capacity building from the pre-school
to higher education level, and with modernization
of schools and teaching methods both in
general as well as in technical and vocational
education and training. Implementation of
the afore-mentioned reforms in the educational
systems requires the competent and motivated
teaching staff, by regulating their labor-legal status.16
Accelerated technological innovations impact the
employment trends towards jobs requiring a high
level of cognitive and socio-emotional skills. Skiles
possessed nowadays by employed persons will
become obsolete very soon and they will not be
adequate for future jobs. A significant loss of routine
jobs is expected. Digital skills are required at all levels:
at the basic level to help people connect and use
internet services and applications; at the middle
level to help students and unemployed persons
15 UNICEF, „GAP analysis in the area of social protection and inclusion
policies in Bosnia and Herzegovina” (2013), William Bartlett.
16 Teaching through digital platforms will become an increasing trend.
Although until the pandemic outbreak, i.e. over the last 10 years, it has
been deemed that the digital technologies will revolutionize higher
education, their introducing has not been going as fast as the mechani-
cal projections envisaged. However, things are changing, to the larger
extent also due to the impacts of pandemic caused by coronavirus.
However, digital platforms are not a qualitative substitution for the cla-
ssroom, particularly in case of pupils from the first to the fourth grade.
For poor children, who have weaker internet access and insuficiently
educated parents who are not able to provide or pay addional training,
it is more convenient to return to the classroom. (the Economist, 8th
August and 30 April, 2020).
December 2020.
THE SDGS FRAMEWORK IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
to acquire required skills required by the digital
economy; at the advanced level for increasing the
expert base in the area of information-technologies
and meeting industry requirements. Therefore
the policy focus must be targeted towards digital
skills development in order to reduce the digital
gap and ensure the usage of digital services in the
society. In that way digital inclusion will be ensured
and all citizens will be a part of the evolving digital
society (“Leave no one behind”). It will require
efforts of all in BiH who are involved in the system
of digital skills development, from policy makers
in various sectors and administrative levels in BiH,
to private companies, academic and education
institutions, as well as various organizations
(international, non-governmental, etc.). 17
Enhancing access and
quality of education
and training
Efficient system
of life-long
learning
17 Indicator: Digital skills among population ( 1-7): 3,7 (2019.) https://
tcdata360.worldbank.org/indicators/h945a9708?country=BRA&indica-
tor=41400&viz=line_chart&years=2017,2019
35
Since the concept of future jobs and careers is
becoming more fluid, an increasing emphasis will be
on life-long learning, i.e. on continuous acquiring of
knowledge and skill, either through formal or informal
learning. In this regard, an efficient system of life-
long learning is an additional driver which is possible
to develop only through active engagement of the
authorities, employers, workers and educational
institutions. It is of crucial importance to adopt a
holistic approach to life-long learning, which will
include all life stages and all forms of education.
In addition to increase of public investments in
education of adults, it is also needed to create
appropriate incentives for increasing investments
from the private sector in human capital development
and training of employees. The emphasis should be
on targeting the categories of employees who are
expected to be particularly exposed to the risk of
losing their jobs, such as older workers, low-qualified
workers, self-employed persons, employed in micro,
small and medium enterprise and women.
Teachers'
capacity building,
modernization of
schools and teaching
methods
Curriculum
reform at all
levels of Digital
education skills
development
Universal
and quality
pre-school
education
Strategic
investments in
research-development
activities of educational
institutions
Image 10 ― Visual presentation of Accelerator 3 under
the development pathway “Smart Growth”: Enhancing
access and quality of education and training
36
Finally, it is important to look at the driver which
relates to strategic investments in research-
development activities of educational institutions
and their linking with the business community. In
Bosnia and Herzegovina it is necessary to focus more
on science, research, technology and innovations.
In addition to increasing investments in science, it is
necessary to promote the participation of educational
institutions in the EU research programs (Horizon
2020, EUREKA etc.), and also investments in the
research infrastructure for research projects, creation
of an enabling environment and better conditions for
cooperation between educational institutions and
enterprises willing to invest in research-development
activities applicable in the economy.
8.4 Accelerator 4: Green growth and
clean energy
The current economic trends in successful European
and Asian countries indicate that de-carbonization
is a key component for sustainable growth in the
21st century. In addition to deterioration of air
pollution and occurrence of respiratory diseases, the
economic development based on coal thermal plants
operating with significant losses when generate
power, is facing uncertainty in the future with regard
to competitiveness, unpredicted fiscal obligations
and potentially lost assets. De-carbonization
of the energy sector (energy transition) should
be primarily implemented by enhancing energy
efficiency, increasing a share of renewable energy
in final consumption, and by changing fuels
(electrification) in the heating and transport
sectors. The energy transition process in Bosnia and
Herzegovina is coordinated through implementation
of relevant plans: the National Renewable Energy
Action Plan (NREAP) in Bosnia and Herzegovina and
the National Energy Efficiency Plan (NEEAP) in Bosnia
and Herzegovina. Sophisticated and liquid electricity
markets are necessary for easier integration of more
variable renewable energy sources (e.g. solar photo-
voltaic and wind energy) in the electricity grid in the
country. Creating a functional electricity market in BiH
and consolidating with the regional and EU markets
are the priority goals which should be achieved in
the upcoming years. The de-carbonization process of
power generation from coal has to be accompanied
by the programs for economic restructuring of
mining regions (so called programs of just transition),
which will enable the economic future and finding
alternative jobs for workers who will lose their jobs
during that process.
Implementation of the energy transition in Bosnia
and Herzegovina also has to take into account
that “no one is left behind”. It requires energy
poverty reduction and implementation of smart
measures in order to ensure that everyone has at
least minimum financially affordable and reliable
energy supply. Also, when implementing the energy
efficiency measures the priority has to be on public
infrastructure facilities – schools, hospitals and social
institutions, thereby ensuring that socially vulnerable
groups have direct benefits from the measures of
energy transition.
December 2020.
37
THE SDGS FRAMEWORK IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

Decentralization of the electricity system through Transition to the economy with a low carbon
integration of distributed energy sources (mostly percentage implies changes in the existing job
from independent energy producers) is one of key profiles, and appearance of new occupation profiles.
aspirations within the energy transition. Integration It requires development of necessary “green” skills
of distributed power generation requires upgrading and jobs among existing workers and young labor
and modernization of electricity distribution force in the tertiary education (TVET and University).
networks. Digitalization of electricity systems (by Within that context, it is required to adjust TVET and
building “smart networks”) has to be a crucial element university curricula, and training programs for adults
of this process. Transition towards a de-centralized for green growth to become a reality.
electricity system also includes democratization,
within which monopolies face with competition in
the form of individual energy producers. To this end
it is required to establish financial instruments and
business models (e.g. support for establishing local
energy cooperatives and ESCO companies). Last but
not least, the public information and educational
campaigns on sustainable and clean energy and
climate change must be comprehensively introduced
both in schools (in the curricula) and thus generally
in the society.

Green growth and

clean energy

Decentralization Energy De-carbonization

Development
of electricity poverty of the energy
of "green skills"
system reduction sector

Image 11 ― Visual presentation of Accelerator 4 under

the development pathway “Smart Growth”: Clean
growth and clean energy
38
8.5 Accelerator 5: Smart natural
resource and environmental
management
The challenges of climate risks management,
protection of the environmental media quality,
biodiversity preservation and sustainable water and
land management must be resolved in order to ensure
the economic growth to be sustainable (targeted
on preservation of heritage, cultural-historical
monuments, specifically in the sectors like tourism,
water resources, forestry and agriculture and also
metal, extractive, wood, auto industries, etc.) and to
increase resilience to floods, fires, droughts and other
disasters, whose occurrence and impacts are more
frequent and with more significant consequences.
The condition of environment in some spheres
(e.g. waste management, creating conditions for
sustainable irrigation of smaller private agricultural
areas, orchard, etc.) may be improved by adequate
planning at the local/regional level, additionally
emphasizing the role and importance of the spatial
planning of cities/regions in smart natural resource
and environmental management. A bigger emphasis
on tourism, with appropriate investments in
infrastructure linked with sustainable tourism,
sustainable water and waste management, and
transport as well, could ensure significant return on
investments in the sense of green growth.
Having in mind that almost all waste in Bosnia and
Herzegovina is disposed on landfills, it is required
to develop the system of circular economy in the
sphere of waste management and to work on re-use
and recycling, composting, and energy return. In
that way the impact on natural resources would be
reduced and the condition of environment would
be improved, as well as a new economic sector
would be developed and strengthened. Additionally,
circular economy may reduce emissions of hazardous
gases, and give a chance to medium and small
entrepreneurship and increase GDP.
Although the economic growth has raised the
living standards and improved the quality of life,
it also has exhausted natural capital in Bosnia and
Herzegovina and has degraded ecosystems. Since
natural capital is direct input for production of many
goods and services, its protection and renewal as
well as appropriate management have to be in the
main focus of sustainable development in BiH. It is
required in particular to improve safety and quality
of drinking water, both in small and large waterworks,
and particularly in local- rural and private ones, with
regular controls by competent public health services.
The continuity of water supply must be permanent
and safe. Collection, treatment, disposition of
urban and technological waste waters have to be
gradually improved. The data on the environmental
quality, based on risk monitoring and assessment
arising from the EU Water Framework Directive
(WFD), indicates that a good water condition has
not been achieved in the larger part of the country.
More than a half of water bodies have a status lower
than good. The key challenges are non- treated
communal waters (waste waters), pollution with
nutrients, hydro- morphological changes, and the
presence of priority substances, etc. The annual
precipitation regime indicates a decreasing trend,
while the average annual air temperature indicates
the opposite trends.18 Although the territory of Bosnia
and Herzegovina does not lack waters, the signs of
water scarcity with droughts during the last decade
urgently point to the needs of defining an approach
for mitigating those effects.
The economic growth could be hampered also by
degradation of natural capital and by restricting the
expansion of economic activities for the purpose
of protecting natural resources. In Bosnia and
Herzegovina it is needed to change the current
consumers’ behaviors and production which
contaminate and to encourage green economic
activities, including sustainable tourism, together
with the expenditure increase for protection and
conservation of its overall natural heritage and by
strengthening efforts for mobilization of national
and international financial resources.
It is also needed to resolve the issue of creating a
central storage for radioactive materials in Bosnia
and Herzegovina, thereby significantly improving
the radiation safety and human and animal health
protection.
Since many ecosystems are under pressure, achieving
smart growth requires from production of goods
and services not to lead to total exhaustion of
natural resources. It means implementation of
stronger control of excessive emissions and
release of hazardous substances, and continuous
monitoring of the ecosystem quality (e.g. air,
18 BiH Statistics Agency
December 2020.
THE SDGS FRAMEWORK IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
water, land) according to the logic of ecological
components of acquis communautairea. In case of
violating the environmental protection standards the
existing appropriate regulatory responses according
to “the polluter pays” and “user pays” principle must
be strictly applied. The fees for fossil fuels, the fee for
vehicles (specific environmental fee), the tax on air
pollution, general and specific water fees and waste
fee for those who are not within the system,19 are the
main economic instruments being implemented in the
Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The taxation
system for air pollution in the Republika Srpska is not
in place, and payments of tariffs for energy, which
are the main source of financing investments in
energy saving, efficiency and infrastructure do not
provide sufficient funds. It is required to completely
apply Environmental Liability Directive, for those who
produce pollution to pay adequate fees (“the polluter
pays” principle applied in the whole territory of BiH).
The system for distribution of fees such obtained has
to be transparent and based on removing/mitigating
the sources of problems/pollution. On contrary, the
effects of the applied price measures (tariffs, fees)
on the behavior (citizens and industry) are limited,
and their proper functioning as efficient economic
instruments for environmental protection will be
hampered20.
19 It relates to the packaging waste and packaging, and to
electrical and electronical waste.
*NBSAP – Strategy for Protection of Biological and Land-
scape Diversity with the Action Plan in Bosnia and Herze-
govina   21 https://www.undp.org/content/dam/bosnia_and_herzego-
20 Environmental Performance Review, BiH, 2018.
39
The problem which the authorities in Bosnia and
Herzegovina have to keep on continuously resolving,
both from the perspective of safety and also from
the perspective of natural resource management, is
mine clearance of the contaminated areas. Mines
and explosive devices left behind the war impede
poverty reduction in the rural areas and they are a
significant obstacle for tourism development and
exploitation of wood-industry and hydro energy
potentials. This problem is of such big importance
and thus a proposal for introducing a new
sustainable development goal – Goal 18 in Bosnia
and Herzegovina has been considered, in order to
emphasize the need to incorporate the issue of mine
clearance in all development policies in the country.
During the last decade Bosnia and Herzegovina
has been experiencing several significant extreme
climate and weather events, which have been
manifested through more frequent occurrences
of disasters (landslides, floods, fires, earthquakes,
avalanches, accidental environmental pollution).
Climate change and high exposure to natural hazards
and those ones caused by humans additionally
impede the socio-economic development of the
country and they are adversely reflected on the
achieved development goals. Floods in May 2014,
caused damages and losses in the amount of 15%
of GDP and long-term development consequences,
equal to five-year delays in achieving the goals of
better gender equality, lower poverty rates, reduction
of marginalization and better equality for minority
groups and persons. Given the climate change
projections for the region, Bosnia and Herzegovina
has to learn to completely cope with the issue
of reducing disaster risks through multisectoral
cooperation of all relevant stakeholders, focusing
on prevention of disasters, including creation of
development and sectoral policies which take into
account disaster risks and climate change. 21
vina/docs/Response%20to%20Floods/RNA.pdf
40

jedna

Disaster risk Mine clearance

management of contaminated
areas

Smart natural
Protection and Develop the
resource and
renewal of natural system of circular
environmental
capital economy
management

Stronger control
Sustainable and monitoring
tourism of the ecosystem
quality

Image 12 ― Visual presentation of Accelerator 5 under

the development pathway “Smart Growth”: Smart
natural resource and environmental management

kih
December 2020.
41
THE SDGS FRAMEWORK IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

The table below presents the targets, with the baseline and target values within the appropriate SDGs, and
the indicators for monitoring the progress towards accomplishing the targets in the area of the development
pathway: “Smart Growth”.

8.6 Targets and indicators within the development pathway “Smart Growth” ttps:/
org/sdgs/metadata/https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/metadat
2223

SDG 3: ENSURE HEALTHY LIFE AND WELL-BEING

FOR ALL AT ALL AGES

Target 3.6 By 2030 halve the number of global deaths and injuries from road traffic accidents

SDG indicator 3.6.1: Death rate due to traffic injuries per 100.000 people
Year Baseline (2016) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030)
Indicator value 15,7 per 11,5 6,4

Source: UN database, 2000-2013, „Global Status Report on Road Safety 2015 (Data come from different sources police
data, Ministry of health and Ministry of transport, studies and Survey)” E-estimated; for 2016. WHO: Global Status Re-
port on Road Safety 2018.
Comment: For comparison, in Croatia the values range from 14,6 in 2000 to 8,1 in 2016; Serbia: 10,2 in 2000 to 7,4 in
2016; Slovenia from 15,8 in 2000 to 6,4 in 2016

SDG 4: ENSURE INCLUSIVE AND QUALITY EDUCATION

AND PROMOTE LIFELONG LEARNING OPPORTUNITIES

Target 4.3: By 2030 ensure equal access to affordable and quality technical, vocational and tertiary education
including university for all women and men
SDG indicator 4.3.1: Participation rate of youth and adults in formal and informal education and training during
the previous 12 month, per sex
Year Baseline (2016) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030)
Indicator value
Total 8,7 15,4 29,5
Women 8,5 15,2 30,2
Men 8,9 15,6 29,8

Source: UN database, „Adult Education Survey (AES)”

Comment: For comparison, the indicator values in the region in 2016 are the following: Croatia 31,8 (women 31,1; men
32,5), Serbia 19,8 (21,4 women, 18 men), Slovenia 46,1 (48,3 women, 44,1 men).

Target 4.4: By 2030 substantially increase the number of youth and adults who have relevant skills, including
technical, digital and vocational for employment, decent jobs and entrepreneurship
Alternative SDG indicator 4.4.1: Individuals who use internet, in %
Year Baseline (2018.) Mid-term (2023.) Target (2030.)
Indicator value 70 80 95

22
23
42

Source: BiH Statistics Agency (2018)

Target 4.a: Build and upgrade education facilities that are child, disability and gender sensitive, and provide
safe, non-violent, inclusive and effective learning environments for all
Adjusted SDG indicator 4.a.1: Primary and secondary schools equipped with computers and access to internet
for pupils; number of pupils/per computer, average
Year Baseline Mid-term (2023) Target (2030)
(2018/2019)
Indicator value
Primary education
- Average number of pupils per 1 computer 14,42 8,00 4,00
-Average number of pupils per 1 access to internet 22,29 12,00 6,50
Secondary education
- Average number of pupils per 1 computer 11,89 4,50 3,00
- Average number of pupils per 1 access to internet 14,67 7,00 4,00

Source: Calculation based on data in: http://www.bhas.gov.ba/data/Publikacije/Saopstenja/2019/EDU_01_2018_Y2_1_

BS.pdf and http://www.bhas.gov.ba/data/Publikacije/Saopstenja/2019/EDU_01_2017_Y2_3_BS.pdf

SDG 6: ENSURE SANITATION CONDITIONS

AND ACCESS TO DRINKING WATER FOR ALL

Target 6.1: By 2030 achieve universal and equitable access to safe and affordable water for all
SDG indicator 6.1.1: Proportion of population using drinking water from safely managed systems
Year Baseline (2019) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030)
Indicator value 75 80 90

Source: Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Relations of Bosnia and Herzegovina (MOFTER)

Target 6.3: By 2030 improve water quality by reducing pollution, eliminating dumping and minimizing release
of hazardous chemicals and materials, halving the proportion of untreated waste water and substantially in-
creasing recycling and reuse globally
SDG indicator 6.3.1: Population connected to urban waste water treatments, u %
Year Baseline (2015) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030)
Indicator value 3,6 20,0 50,0

Source: BiH Statistics Agency

http://www.bhas.ba/tematskibilteni/TB_I_odr_razvBiH_BS.pdf

Alternative SDG indicator 6.3.2.a: Biochemical oxygen demand in rivers

Year Baseline (2013) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030)
Indicator value 2,30 2,10 1,94

Milligram O2 per liter. The latest value for the EU average is 1,94.
Source: European Environment Agency (EEA)
http://data.europa.eu/euodp/data/dataset/rYsd2bjHKGttQApfJr4GRA

Alternative SDG indicator 6.3.2.b: Phosphate in rivers

Year Baseline (2014) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030)
Indicator value 0,03 0,03 0,03
December 2020.
43
THE SDGS FRAMEWORK IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

Milligram PO4 per liter. The latest value for the EU average is 0,068.
Source: European Environment Agency (EEA)
https://knoema.com/sdg_06_50/phosphate-in-rivers-source-eea

Target 6.5: By 2030 implement integrated water resources management at all levels, including through trans-
boundary cooperation, as appropriate
SDG indicator 6.5.1: Degree of implementing integrated water resources management at the scale of 0–100
Year Baseline (2017) Mid-term Ciljna (2030.)
Indicator value 52,9 65,0 70,0

Source: BiH Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Relations (2017

SDG 7: ENSURE ACCESS TO FINANCIALLY AFFORDABLE,

RELIABLE, SUSTAINABLE AND MODERN ENERGY FOR ALL

Target 7.1: By 2030 ensure universal access to financially affordable, reliable and modern energy services
SDG indicator 7.1.2: Proportion of population with primary reliance on clean fuels and technology
Year Baseline (2015) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030)
Indicator value 62 69 84

Source: World Bank, World Development Indicator

https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators

SDG indicator 7.2.1: Renewable energy share in the total final energy consumption (%)
Year Baseline (2018) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030)
Indicator value 35,7 41,0 45,0

Source: MFTER BiH, https://see2020.info/sustainable-growth/

Target 7.3: By 2030 double the global rate of improvement in energy efficiency
SDG indicator 7.3.1: Energy intensity measured in terms of primary energy and GDP
Year Baseline (2015) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030)
Indicator value 6,7 6,2 5,5
Source: International Energy Agency (IEA), United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD)

SDG 8: PROMOTE INCLUSIVE AND SUSTAINED ECONOMIC

GROWTH, EMPLOYMENT AND DECENT WORK FOR ALL

Target 8.1: Continuous economic growth per capita

Adjusted SDG indicator 8.1.1: Real growth rate of GDP
Year Baseline (2018) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030)
Indicator value 3,7 3,2 7,0
Source: BiH Agency Statistics
Target 8.2: Achieve higher levels of economic productivity through diversification, technological upgrading and
innovations, among others, focusing on labor intensive and highly profitable sectors
Alternative SDG indicator 8.2.2: Estimated GDP (2011. PPP $), per sex
Year Baseline (2018) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030)
Indicator value
Women 8.432 11.080 20.150
44

Men 17.123 21.100 28.500

Source: http://hdr.undp.org/en/data
For comparison, in 2018 in Slovenia the values were: women - 28.532, men - 35.487; in Croatia: women - 19.941, men -
26.960; in Serbia: women - 12.549, men - 17.995 (2011. PPP $).

Target 8.3: Promote development-oriented policies that support productive activities, decent job creation,
entrepreneurship, creativity and innovations; encourage the formal establishment and growth of micro, small
and medium enterprises, including through access to financial services
Adjusted SDG indicator 8.3.1: Proportion of informal employment in non-agricultural activities, per sex
Year Baseline (2019) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030)
Indicator value
Total 17,1 15,0 12,0
Women 12,6 11,0 9,0
Men 19,8 17,0 14,0
Source: ILO database, Labor Survey, 2019.
Alternative SDG indicator 8.3.2.: Newly registered business per 1000 people (age group 15-64)
Year Baseline (2018) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030)
Indicator value 1,09 2,00 2,50

Source: WBdatabase, World Bank's Entrepreneurship Survey and database (http://www.doingbusiness.org/data/ex-

ploretopics/entrepreneurship)
For comparison, the data in the region are: Croatia: from 2,39 in 2010 to 4,96 in 2016; Serbia: 1,83 in 2010 to 1,76 in
2016; Slovenia: from 3,83 in 2010 to 3,13 in 2016

Target 8.4: By 2030 improve resource efficiency in consumption and production and endeavor to decouple eco-
nomic growth from environmental degradation
Adjusted SDG indicator 8.4.2.a: Domestic raw material consumption (in kg per $1 of GDP)
Year Baseline (2015) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030.)
Indicator value 2,0 1,8 1,6
Source: BiH Statistics Agency, GDP is measured in terms of PPP 2011.
Adjusted SDG indicator 8.4.b: Resource productivity („PPS per kg“)
Year Baseline (2015) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030)
Indicator value 0,8 1,8 1,6

Source: BiH Statistics Agency. For calculation of „PPS per kg“ the current prices for GDP are used, expressed in Purcha-
se Power Standard (PPS).
http://www.bhas.gov.ba/data/Publikacije/Saopstenja/2018/ENV_11_2015_Y2_0_BS.pdf
http://bhas.gov.ba/Calendar/Category/27

Target 8.5: By 2030 achieve full and productive employment and decent work for all women and men, including
young people and disabled persons, and equal pay for work of equal value
Alternative SDG indicator 8.5.2: Employment rate
Year Baseline (2019) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030)
Indicator value
Women 26,7 32,0 40,0
Men 44,6 46,9 55,0
Youth 23,4 24,6 30,2
Total 35,5 37,3 45,9
Source: BiH Statistics Agency; http://bhas.gov.ba/data/Publikacije/Bilteni/2019/LAB_00_2019_TB_0_BS.pdf
Target 8.6: By 2030 substantially reduce the proportion of youth not in employment, education or training
SDG indicator 8.6.1: Proportion of youth not in education, employment or training (%)
December 2020.
45
THE SDGS FRAMEWORK IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

Year Baseline (2019) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030)

Indicator value
Total (8.6.1) 21,0 18 10
Women (8.6.1.a) 21,4 18 10
Men (8.6.1.b) 20,7 18 10
Source: BiH Statistics Agency, 2019
Target 8.9: By 2030 devise and implement policies to promote sustainable tourism that creates jobs and pro-
motes local culture and products
SDG indicator 8.9.1: Sustainable tourism
Year Baseline (2019) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030)
Indicator value
Proportion of tourism revenues in relation of GDP, 9,3 10,0 10,0
expressed in % (8.9.1.a)
Annual growth rate of tourism revenues (8.9.1.b) 6,9 7,0 7,0

Source: World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC)

https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators

SDG 9: BUILD RESILIENT INFRASTRUCTURE, PROMOTE

INCLUSIVE AND SUSTAINABLE INDUSTRIALIZATION AND
FOSTER INNOVATIONS

Target 9.1: Develop quality, reliable, sustainable and resilient infrastructure, including regional and trans border
infrastructure, to support economic development and human well-being, with a focus on affordable and equi-
table access for all
Alternative SDG indicator 9.1.1: Infrastructure quality (1-5)
Year Baseline (2016) Mid-term (2023.) Target (2030.)
Indicator value 2,6 3,0 3,5

Source: World Bank Logistic Performance Index: quality of infrastructure related to trade and transport*
https://lpi.worldbank.org/#:~:text=The%20LPI%20is%20an%20interactive,for%20comparisons%20across%20160%20
countries.
EU average 2014-2018 was 3,5.

Target 9.2: Promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and by 2030 significantly raise industry's share in
employment and gross domestic product, in line with national circumstances
SDG indicator 9.2.1: Manufacturing value added
Year Baseline (2015) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030)
Indicator value
As a share of GDP (9.2.1.a) 11,7 13 15
Per capita* (9.2.1.b) $535 $600 $700
46

* according to the current value of USD

Source: World Bank, https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NV.IND.MANF.ZS
https://tcdata360.worldbank.org/indicators/mva.per.cap?country=BRA&indicator=3798&viz=line_chart&years=1990,2014

Target 9.3: Increase the access of small scale industrial and other enterprises to financial services, including af-
fordable credits, and increase their integration into value chains and markets
SDG indicator 9.3.1: Proportion of small scale industries in total industry value added (%)
Year Baseline (2017) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030)
Indicator value 17,06 21,40 22,80

Source: UN database, 2011-2016, EUROSTAT Structural Business Statistics, OECD Structural and Demographic Business
Statistics database 22
For comparison, data for the countries in the region are: Croatia: from 14,17 in 2011 to 13,93 in 2016; Slovenia: from 15,4
in 2011 to 15,72 in 2016

Target 9.4: By 2030 upgrade infrastructure and retrofit industries to make them sustainable, with increased
resource use efficiency and greater adoption of clean and environmentally sound technologies and industrial
processes
SDG indicator 9.4.1: Greenhous gasses emission per USD 1 of GDP
Year Baseline (2014) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030)
Indicator value 0,59 0,53 0,47

Source: World Bank

EU average for this indicator in 2014 was 0,17.

Target 9.5: Enhance scientific research, upgrade technological capabilities of industrial sectors in all countries,
in particular developing countries, including by 2030 encouraging innovations and substantially increasing
the number of research and development workers per 1 million people and public and private research and
development spending
SDG indicator 9.5.1: Research and development expenditures as a proportion of GDP
Year Baseline (2015) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030.)

Indicator value 0,20 0,53 2,00

Source: BiH Statistics Agency (2015)

EU average during 2013-2017 was above 2%.

SDG indicator 9.5.2: Researchers (full-time equivalent) per million inhabitants

Year Baseline (2015) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030)
Indicator value 354 500 800
Target 9.b: Support domestic technology development, research and innovations in developing countries, including by
ensuring a conductive policy environment, inter alia, industrial diversification and value addition to commodities
SDG indicator 9.b.1: Proportion of medium and high tech technology in total value added
Year Baseline (2015) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030.)

22 „Value added at factor costs is gross income from operating activities after adjusting for operating subsidies and indirect taxes. Value added at
factor costs is calculated from turnover, plus capitalized production, plus other operating income (including operating subsidies), plus or minus the
changes in stocks of goods and services, minus the purchase of goods and services, minus other taxes on products which are linked to turnover but
not deductible, minus the duties and taxes linked to production. The duties and taxes linked to production are compulsory, unrequited payments,
in cash or in kind which are levied by governments, in respect of the production and importation of goods and services, employment of labor, the
ownership or use of land, buildings or other assets used in production irrespective of the quantity or the value of goods and services produced or
sold.”
December 2020.
47
THE SDGS FRAMEWORK IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

Indicator value 18% 21% 25%

Source: BiH Statistics Agency (2015)

For comparison, proportions for Croatia and Serbia in 2015 were 30%, and 24% respectively.

SDG 10: REDUCE INEQUALITY WITHIN

AND AMONG COUNTRIES

Target 10.4: Adopt policies, especially fiscal, wage and social protection policies, and progressively achieve
greater equality
Alternative SDG indicator 10.4.1: Ratio of minimum net wage and average wage
Year Baseline (2019) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030)
Indicator value
FBiH 0,44 0,47 0,51
RS 0,50 0,51 0,54

Source: OECD
https://stats.oecd.org/OECDStat_Metadata/ShowMetadata.ashx?Dataset=MIN2AVE&ShowOnWeb=true&Lang=en

Target 10.c: By 2030 reduce to less than 3% the transaction costs of migrant remittances and eliminate remit-
tances corridors with costs higher than 5%
SDG indicator 10.c.1: Remittance costs as a proportion of the total amount remitted
Year Baseline (2018) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030)
Indicator value 6,5 5,0 3,0
Source: World Bank, https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.RMT.COST.IB.ZS

SDG 11: MAKE CITIES AND SETTLEMENTS INCLUSIVE,

SAFE, RESILIENT AND SUSTAINABLE

Target 11.1: By 2030 ensure access for all to adequate, safe and affordable housing and basic services, and up-
grade the conditions in slums
Alternative SDG indicator 11.1.1: Housing conditions (%)
Year Baseline (2015) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030)
Indicator

Humidity in walls/foundations 15,2 10,0 8,0

Leaking roof 7,2 5,0 3,0
Inadequate heating of a housing unit 10,8 8,0 5,0
Rotten windows, frames or doors 12,5 10,0 6,0
Source: Bih Statistics Agency, ADP/HBS (2015)
Target 11.4: Strengthen efforts to protect and safeguard the world's cultural and natural heritage
SDG indicator 11.4.1: Total per capita expenditures on preservation, protection and conservation of all cultural
and natural heritage, by source of funding (public, private), type of heritage (cultural, natural) and level of gov-
ernment (national, regional, local/municipal)
Year Baseline (2019) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030.)
Indicator value 46,38 48,00 55,00
48

Source: Ministries of Finance at all levels of government in BiH, BiH Statistics Agency in cooperation with Ministry of Civil
Affairs of BiH.
Target 11.5: By 2030 significantly reduce the number of deaths and the number of people affected, and signifi-
cantly decrease economic losses caused by natural disasters, including water related disasters, with a focus on
protecting the poor and people in vulnerable situations
SDG indicator 11.5.1: The number of deaths, missing persons and persons directly affected by disasters per
100,000 population
Year Baseline (2014) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030.)
Indicator value To be deter- Reduce for 20% Reduce for 50%
mined

Source: BiH Ministry of Security

BiH does not have harmonized and exact data at the level of BiH because the data entry in the data base on damages
and losses is still in progress.

Target 11.6: By 2030 reduce the adverse environmental impact of cities, measured per capita, by paying special
attention to air quality and municipal and other waste management
Alternative SDG indicator 11.6.1.a: Proportion of non-treated municipal waste
Year Baseline (2015) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030)
Indicator value 25 17 10

Source: BiH Statistics Agency, For comparison, data for Serbia is 16%, Croatia is 4%, while the EU average is 1%.

Alternative SDG indicator 11.6.1.b: Proportion of recycled municipal waste

Year Baseline (2015) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030)
Indicator value 0 15 30

Source: BiH Statistics Agency

For comparison, data for Croatia in 2015 is 24%, Slovenia 58%, while EU average is 46%.

SDG indicator 11.6.2: Air pollution

Year Baseline (2019) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030)
Indicator value PM2,5 34,6 21,0 13,0

Source: World Air Quality Report 2019,

For comparison, 2019 data for Croatia is 19.1, Serbia 23.3, and Germany 11.0.

Target 11.b: By 2030 substantially increase the number of cities and settlements adopting and implementing
integrated policies and plans in terms of inclusion, resource efficiency, mitigation and adaptation to climate
changes, resilience to disasters, and develop and implement, in line with the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk
Reduction 2015-2030, holistic disaster risk management at all levels
SDG indicator 11.b.2: Proportion of local governments with adopted inclusive and integrated development
strategies including the issue of disaster risk management
December 2020.
49
THE SDGS FRAMEWORK IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

Year Baseline (2019) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030)

Indicator value Not available Increase for 50% 100%
Comment: Baseline has to be determined. Associations of cities/municipalities will regularly do research for this indicator.

SDG 12: ENSURE SUSTAINABLE CONSUMPTION

AND PRODUCTION PATTERNS

Target 12.4: By 2030 achieve the environmentally sound management of chemicals and all wastes throughout
their life cycle, in accordance with agreed international frameworks, and substantially reduce their release to
air, water and soil in order to minimize their adverse impacts on human health and the environment
Adjusted SDG indicator 12.4.2: Proportion of hazardous waste treated
Year Baseline (2018) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030)
Indicator value Proportion Proportion treated: 15 Proportion treat-
treated: 7 ed: 30

Source: BiH Statistics Agency, 2014-2018.

Target 12.5: By 2030 substantially reduce waste generation through prevention, reduction or recycling and re-
use
SDG indicator: 12.5.1: Recycling rate, tons of materials recycled
Year Baseline (2018) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030)
Indicator value 4.000 t or 1% 10% 35%
of generated
waste

Source: BiH Statistics Agency, 2004-2018.

http://bhas.gov.ba/data/Publikacije/Saopstenja/2019/ENV_01_2018_Y1_0_BS.pdf

Target 12.6: Encourage companies, especially large and international companies, to adopt sustainable practices
and integrate sustainability information in their reporting cycle
SDG indicator 12.6.1: Number of companies publishing their sustainability reports
Year Baseline (2019) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030)
Indicator value 2 30 150

Source: UN Global Compact

SDG 13: TAKE URGENT ACTION TO

COMBAT CLIMATE CHANGE AND ITS IMPACTS

Target 13.1: Strengthen adaptive capacity and resilience to climate related hazards and natural disasters in all
countries
SDG indicator 13.1.2: Percentage of local governments with their adopted disaster risk reduction strategies in
line with Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030
Year Baseline (2020) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030)

Indicator value ND23 50% 90%

23 Drafting the strategy at the BiH level is envisaged in 2020. The Entities are working on preparation of the laws based on which strategies will be
developed.
50
SDG 15: PROTECT, PRESERVE AND PROMOTE SUSTAINABLE USE
OF TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS, SUSTAINABLE FOREST
MANAGEMENT, COMBAT DESERTIFICATION AND HALT AND
REVERSE SOIL DEGRADATION AND HALT BIODIVERSITY LOSS
Target 15.1: By 2030 ensure the conservation, restoration and sustainable use of terrestrial inland freshwater
ecosystems and their environments, in particular forests, wetlands, mountains, and drylands, in line with obli-
gations under international agreements
Alternative SDG indicator 15.1.2.a: Preservation of biodiversity (%)
Year Baseline (2015) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030)
Indicator value
Clean water (15.1.2.a) 67 90 100
Land (15.1.2.b) 18 35 50

Source: UNStat data

Comment: Proportion of important sites for terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity included in protected areas by eco-
system type.

Alternative SDG indicator 15.1.2.b: Percentage of protected areas (%)

Year Baseline (2013) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030)
Indicator value 2,07 7,00 17,00

Source: EPR BiH 2018, NBSAP

Alternative SDG indicator 15.1.2.c: Number of mine suspected areas

Year Baseline (2019) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030)
Indicator value 478 350 300

Source: BHMAC

SDG 17: STRENGTHEN THE MEANS OF IMPLEMENTATION

AND REVITALIZE THE GLOBAL PARTNERSHIP FOR
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Target 17.19: By 2030 build on existing initiatives to develop measurements of progress on sustainable
development, that complements measurement of gross domestic products and support statistical capacity
building
Alternative SDG indicator 17.19.2: Strengthening statistical systems
Year Baseline (2018) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030)
Indicator value
a) Methodological assessment of statistical 70,0 75,0 90,0
capacities (scale 0-100)
b) Assessment of periodicity and timeliness of 66,7 70,0 80,0
statistical capacities (scale 0-100)
c) Source data assessment of statistical capacities 70,0 75,0 90,0
(scale 0-100)

Source: World Development Indicators, World Bank, Bulletin Board on Statistical Capacity (http://bbsc.worldbank.org)
For comparison, data for the countries in the region in 2018 are: a) Croatia 90%, Serbia 70%; b) Croatia 80%, Serbia
90%; c) Croatia 80%, Serbia 90%.
December 2020.
51
THE SDGS FRAMEWORK IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

09.
DEVELOPMENT PATHWAY
„SOCIETY OF EQUAL
OPPORTUNITIES”
Society of equal opportunities as a development
pathway exists in order to encourage the fulfillment
of the “Leave no one behind” principle. This pathway
is closely related to the administration reform and
faster income growth and employment, focusing on
enhancement of the social and health care systems
in the county in order to protect in the best possible
way those who are facing the highest poverty
and vulnerability risks (e.g. the elderly, persons
with disabilities, inhabitants in remote rural areas,
migrants, ethnical minorities, and certain groups of
women and children) with an aim of strengthening
social cohesion. In parallel, the focus is on activation,
skill development and opportunities for life-long
learning for persons with hampered access to the
labor market. In a broader sense, people need
protection from risks and sudden events that may
lead to poverty during their lives.24 The accelerators
determined within this pathway – adequate social
protection, inclusive education, enhancing access
to healthcare services and their delivery, policies for
reconciling private and business life and employment
policies focusing on persons with hampered access
to the labor market, are the essential elements for
accomplishing those goals.
“

Society of Equal Opportunities

Ensuring Improving
Enhancing Activation and inclusiveness
access to
social employment of the Financial
efficient
protection of vulnerable educational inclusion
health care
policies categories system

Image 13 ― Visual presentation of Accelerators 24 World Health Organization- Human rights and health
under the development pathway “Society of Equal
Opportunities” https://www.who.it/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/human-rights-and-
health
52

9.1 Accelerator: Enhancing social

protection policies

In order to establish a more efficient social protection

system, the driver is focused and better targeting
public expenditures for social protection in order
to meet the needs of those who live in poverty
or who are socially left behind (excluded), and
to ensure the minimal income level needed for
decent life. In this regard, it is required to upgrade
the system for identification and monitoring
vulnerable families and families at risk. In addition,
another driver is strengthening infrastructure
and competencies of social protection service
providers, which could be of big importance for
better service accessibility for beneficiaries. In this
regard, it is necessary to work on service quality
improvement through potential introducing new
models of service delivery (e.g. de-institutionalization
of social protection, providing social protection in the
community, etc.).

In Bosnia and Herzegovina in general, and in particular

to prevent crises, it is of significant importance to
expand the social protection scope. For that
purpose it is needed to ensure citizen’s identification,
integration of socio-economic data bases and

Enhancing social protection policies

Upgrading the
Focused Strengthening system for
and better infrastructure of identification
targeting public service providers and monitoring
expenditures for by introducing vulnerable
social protection new models families and
families at risk

Image 14 ― Visual presentation Accelerator 1

under the development pathway “Society of Equal
Opportunities”: Enhancing social protection policies

develop a digital system for service delivery.

December 2020.
THE SDGS FRAMEWORK IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
9.2 Accelerator 2: Activation and
employment focusing on vulnerable
categories
In developing countries the majority of jobs are
characterized by uncertain and hard working
conditions, low productivity resulting in low average
wages, the lack of adequate social protection,
workers’ rights are violate. Therefore a big challenge
is not only how to create more jobs but also how
to create better jobs.25 In addition, the problem
of unemployment in Bosnia and Herzegovina, in
principle, is of a structural nature. Approximately four
fifth of registered unemployed persons have been
waiting to get a job for more than a year. Almost one
half of registered unemployed persons are without
any working experience. A significant number
of them is within the category of “discouraged”,
i.e. they believe that they cannot find a job. Such
situation has serious negative consequences for an
individual, the society and economic system in the
country. Human capital of workers (real or perceived
by employers) during a longer period of waiting for
a job and their engagement in seeking a new job is
decreasing. All that reduces a probability to find a
job again, and also leaving the category of the labor
force and moving to inactive population. In this
regard, the combination of (active and passive) labor
market measures as drivers is of big importance in
order to increase the rate of population activity and
employment of unemployed persons. The primary
focus of the activation policy should be on increasing
public expenditures for more efficient active
employment measures (counselling, re-training),
sustainability of financial sources and increasing
the efficiency of implemented programs (through
monitoring and performance evaluation). To this end
it is necessary to work on improving cooperation
of public employment services with employers and
other institutions (education and training centers,
private agencies, international organizations, etc.)
by creating local/regional employment partnerships,
and by further enhancing human resources,
managerial and information capacities of public
employment services. An important precondition for
strengthening intermediation in public employment
services means dislocating health insurance for the
unemployed from the employment institutes.
25 Employment, social inclusion and social protection – policy
https://ec.europa.eu/europeaid/sectors/policy-1_en
53
At the same time, it is required to pay more attention
to the measures for reducing unemployment of
population categories with hampered access to the
labor market. Consequently, the first driver includes
the activation employment policies and measures
targeted on including vulnerable categories in the
labor market. Inter alia, it includes development of the
identification system, preparation for work (additional
education and re-training), employment, support
and monitoring vulnerable categories, cooperation
with employers, etc. An important segment is also
support to social entrepreneurship development
as a model which simultaneously contributes to
employment and support to vulnerable groups. In
parallel, one of significant obstacles for employment
of women is their care of household, or care of the
elderly, children and persons with disabilities, and
therefore, although they perform the role of the state,
their work is neither valued through appropriate fees
nor their length of service is recognized, and this
issue has to be necessarily addressed.
Increasing
Increasing the employability
activity rate of unemployed
and including persons through
vulnerable development
categories in the of social
labor market
entrepreneurship
Activation and
employment
focusing on
vulnerable
categories
Image 15 ― Visual presentation of Accelerator
2 under the development pathway “Society of
Equal Opportunities”: Activation and employment
focusing on vulnerable categories
54

9.3 Accelerator 3: Efficient health care

for all Particular attention should be paid to dramatic leaving
of the medical staff with secondary education, then
medical doctors, in particular experienced medical
specialists from Bosnia and Herzegovina, which will
The right to health is one of a set of internationally
highly adversely affect the quality of medical services
agreed human rights and is inseparable of other rights.26
unless appropriate, urgent and efficient measures are
It means that exercising the right to health is of
taken in order to firstly slow and then stop that trend.28
crucial importance and it depends on exercising
The most developed countries of the European Union
other human rights, the rights to food, housing,
opened their labor markets for those categories of
work, education, information and participation.
experts and it will not be easy at all to adequately
In addition, the right to health must be observed
respond to that very complex challenge, which
without discrimination on the basis of race, gender,
all our health institutions are facing, with further
age, ethnical affiliation and any other status.
exponential aggravation of the situation. Severe
Non-discrimination and equality require from the
consequences of this exodus are present not only in
authorities to take steps in addressing any potential
Bosnia and Herzegovina but also in the whole region,
discriminatory legal provisions, practices or policies.
and they are expected to be more dramatic in the
Taking into account the context in Bosnia and
upcoming months and years unless comprehensive
Herzegovina, the first driver relates to the health
steps are taken. It is estimated that only slight
insurance sector, where there is a need to ensure
salary increase and improvement of other working
access, and improve the quality of health care
conditions for the afore-mentioned categories of
services on equal bases for all citizens. Specifically,
healthcare workers will not help overcome the trend
it is required to improve overall accessibility, as well
of leaving, on contrary, it may be a signal for other
as both economic and physical access to better
healthcare workers that there is no possibility for an
quality health care for all citizens in BiH, including
adequate strong response by relevant institutions
also mental health. In that sense, it is necessary to
in this field in due time. Therefore it is needed to
implement the reforms for health care financing,
focus attention on defining and implementing
thereby ensuring the coverage with quality services
a strategic approach in retaining the existing
for all citizens, including marginalized categories of
staff and to human resource development in
the society. Standardization and integration of health
the health sector, but in other areas as well.29
services through the private and civil sector have
an important role, where it is important to ensure
adequate recognition of qualitative contributions
from the non-governmental sector and private
services in the health sector and then integrate
them in the health support system. Service providing
costs of such a broadly based social protection
network may be reduced by digitalization of
the public administration and within that
by digitalization of the health system. 27

The third driver would be giving a higher priority

to preventive health measures, which could reduce
health care costs and enhance health of the overall
population.

26 World Health Organization- human rights and health

https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/human-ri-
ghts-and-health
27 Research of McKinsey and German Managed Care Association
(BMC) indicates that the German health institutions and insurers could
have saved up to 12% of the total costs (or 34 billion of Euros only in
2018) if the system had been fully digitalized (v. „Digitizing healthcare—
opportunities for Germany,” October 31, 2018, McKinsey.com).
28 http://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/
en/211081591353275875/pdf/Bosnia-and-Herzegovina-Systematic-Co-
untry-Diagnostic-Update.pdf
29 According to EUROSTAT data, in 2013, 14.856 citizens of Bosnia and
Hercegovina requested for the first time the residence in the EU-28
while in 2019 that number was 56.359.
December 2020.
55
THE SDGS FRAMEWORK IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

Enhancing access
Preventive
and quality of
health
health care
measures
services

Strategic approach
for retaining the
Implementing
existing staff and
reforms for
Efficient health to human resource
financing
care for all development in
health care
the health sector
generally

Image 16 ― Visual presentation of Accelerator 3 under the

development pathway “Society of Equal Opportunities”:
Efficient healthcare for all

9.4 Accelerator 4: Enhancing inclusiveness of education systems

This driver has to ensure equal access to education and support for children and young people with difficulties
in their development, children and youth coming from the economically and socially vulnerable categories,
that is, to promote a need of standardized access for all children and young people to have the same opportunities
and chances. In this regard, it is necessary to implement the measures for reducing early school leaving30
in Bosnia and Herzegovina in order to obtain the accurate information on potential early school
leaving and to provide targeted support to those who would be within those groups, particularly taking
into account that the majority of children who are leaving school come from vulnerable families,
due to the fact that the parents of those children have low incomes and they are not able to ensure the
funds necessary for education or have restricted access to schools because they live in remote areas.31
Leaving secondary education in the most number of cases is related to juvenile delinquency (52,0%),
affiliation to the Roma population (48,3%) and to poverty and family material condition (37,9%).32
The specific problem in the education system is access to education for children and persons with various
difficulties. In Bosnia and Herzegovina there is no official data on the number and persons with difficulties and
the type of difficulties, or how many children and persons with difficulties are not included in the educational

30 ETF, „TORINO PROCESS 2018–2020 Bosnia and Herzegovina” (2019.)

31 According to some estimations, for one year of education in secondary school the amount of two to three thousand convertible marks is spent, Izvje-
štaj o socijalnoj uključenosti 2018., Direkcija za ekonomsko planiranje BiH/NDGF oYERP/Unicef, 2011.
32 Ibid.
56

process, while the policies for their inclusion are
sporadic. In this regard, the particularly important
driver in the area of inclusive education is defining
and implementing policies which enable equitable
access to education for all children, young people
and persons with difficulties.
The additional driver is to increase the coverage
of children with preschool education, at the
age from 3 to 6 years for children from vulnerable
categories, including also establishing an early
detection and intervention system for children
at risk and with difficulties in their development,
given the importance which the scientifically proved
methods of early interventions have on development
Enhancing
inclusiveness
of education
systems
Reducing
number of
persons without
knowledge or
skills and their
integration in the
labor market
of children’s skills at the age up to 6 years.
In the overall educational structure of the population,
women are in the significantly unfavorable position
than men, putting them in the more unfavorable
position in relation to men in the labor market. The
data of the entity institutes and the Employment
Institute of the Brčko District indicate that all
levels face the same challenges with regard to
unemployment, and it is that it affects all citizens:
younger age, men, women, older age, younger
women with completed advanced education, and it
is reflected on long-term unemployment and a high
portion of uneducated people. Therefore targeted
measures are needed for reducing the number of
persons without knowledge or skills through
targeted training and programs as well as their
integration in the labor market.
Equitable access to
education
Establishing the
early detection
and intervention
system for
children at risk and
difficulties in their
development

Measures for Increasing the

reducing early coverage of children
school leaving with preschool
education
(age 3 to 6 years)

Image 17 ― Visual presentation of Accelerator

3 under the development pathway “Society of
Equal Opportunities”: Enhancing inclusiveness of
education systems
December 2020.
THE SDGS FRAMEWORK IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
9.5 Accelerator 5: Financial inclusion
According to the World Bank data from 2017, 59% of
adult persons in Bosnia and Herzegovina have a bank
account, while in Serbia that percentage is 71%, and
in Croatia 86%. Of the total number of persons who
have their bank accounts in Bosnia and Herzegovina,
there are more men in relation to women, with
the difference of 8%. However, deeper analyses
on financial inclusion in Bosnia and Herzegovina
have not been conducted. The study developed in
Serbia, whose context is similar to the context of
Bosnia and Herzegovina, indicates that the group
of financially excluded persons is connected with
usual factors which are the most cause of exclusion,
like unemployment, poverty, low, uncertain and
irregular incomes, disability, isolation or distance
from the main social centers (European Foundation
Enhancing affordability
of financial services Financial
for the most vulnerable inclusion
categories of population
Image 18 ― Visual presentation of Accelerator 4
under the development pathway “Society of Equal
Opportunities”: Financial inclusion
57
for Financial Exclusion, 2013).33 The experimental
evaluation of the impacts of microcredits, which
was conducted in Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2015,
showed that there was no increase of household
incomes after having used microcredits. 34
For the purpose of reducing financial exclusion, the
measures are needed for enhancing affordability
of financial services and insurance services for
the most vulnerable categories of population,
from affordable fees for opening bank accounts to
access to microcredits with affordable interest
rates, in order to eventually contribute to poverty
reduction.
- Prije
Better access to
microcredits with
affordable interest
rates
33 Finansijska inkluzija u Srbiji, Analiza stanja, prepreka, koristi i šansi,
Tim za socijalno uklјučivanje i smanjenje siromaštva,Vlada Republike
Srbije, 2015.
34 The experimental group consisted of self-employed persons (78% of
the group), engaged in trade (27%), services (29%), agriculture (38%)
and processing industry (6%). Augsburg, Britta, Ralph De Haas, Heike
Harmgart, and Costas Meghir. 2015. „The Impacts of Microcredit:
Evidence from Bosnia and Herzegovina.” American Economic Journal:
Applied Economics, 7 (1): 183-203.DOI: 10.1257/app.20130272.
58

9.6 Targets and indicators within the development pathway “Society of Equal
Opportunities”

The table below presents the targets with baseline and target values within the appropriate SDGs and also
indicators for monitoring the progress towards accomplishing the targets within the development pathway
“Society of Equal Opportunities”.

SDG 1: END POVERTY IN ALL ITS FORMS EVERYWHERE

Target 1.1: By 2030 eradicate extreme poverty for all people everywhere
Alternative SDG indicator 1.1.1: Poverty rate, the international poverty line
Year Baseline (2015) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030)
Indicator value 3,9 3,0 0,0

Source: World Bank

Alternative SDG indicator 1.2.1: Poverty rate at the state/entity level

Year Baseline (2015) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030.)
Indicator value BiH 16,9 15,0 8,5
Indicator value BD BiH 17,6 13,2 8,8
Indicator value FBiH 17,1 12,9 8,6
Indicator value RS 16,4 12,3 8,2

Source: BiH Statistics Agency

Rate defined as 60% of median income (according to the Eurostat methodology).

Target 1.4: By 2030 ensure that all men and women, in particular the poor and vulnerable, have equal rights
to economic resources, as well as access to basic services, ownership and control over land and other forms
of property, inheritance, natural resources, appropriate new technologies and financial services, including
microfinance

SDG indicator 1.4.1: Access to basic services, in %

Year Baseline (2015) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030)
Water supply (1.4.1.a) 88,6 93,0 96,0*
Sanitary services (1.4.1.b) 23,1 75,0 89,0*
Source: World Bank
*Average EU 2015

35
36
37
38
39
December 2020.
59
THE SDGS FRAMEWORK IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

SDG 2: END HUNGER, ACHIEVE FOOD SECURITY THROUGH

FOOD SUPPLY, IMPROVE NUTRITION QUALITY AND PROMOTE
SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE

Target 2.1: By 2030 end hunger and ensure access for all people, in particular, for the poor and people in
vulnerable situation, including infants, to safe nutrient rich food in sufficient quantities throughout the year

Adjusted SDG indicator 2.1.2: Uncertainty in food supply among adult population, in %
Year Baseline (2015) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030)
Indicator value 10,2 5,0 0,0

Source: UNSTATS.UN.ORG

Target 2.2: By 2030 end all forms of malnutrition, including achieving, by 2025, the internationally agreed
targets on stunning and wasting in children under 5 years of age and address nutritional needs of adolescent
girls, pregnant and lactating women, and older persons
SDG indicator 2.2.1: Proportion of children with moderate or severe stunning and wasting
Year Baseline (2012) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030)
Indicator value 10,2 5,0 0,0

Source: UNICEF/MICS, 2012

Target 2.3: By 2030 double the agricultural productivity and incomes of small-scale food producers, in
particular women, family farmers, pastoralists and fishers, inter alia, through secure and equal access to land,
other productive resources and inputs, knowledge, financial services, markets and opportunities for value
addition and non-agricultural employment
Adjusted SDG indicator 2.3.2: Agricultural income per capita (USD)
Year Baseline (2015) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030)
Indicator value 6.242 9.000 12.000

Source: FAO
Remark: The latest recorded EU average annual level is above USD 26,000.

SDG 3: ENSURE HEALTHY LIFE AND WELL-BEING FOR ALL

AT ALL AGES

Target 3.2: By 2030 end preventable deaths of newborns and children under 5 years of age
SDG indicator 3.2.1: Under - 5 mortality rate per 1.000 live births
Year Baseline (2018) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030)
Indicator value 5,8 5,1 2,5

Source: UN database, 2000-2018, „United Nations Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation (UN IGME)”, 2019.
E-estimated data.
For comparison, in Croatia the values are from 5,0 in 2010 to 4,3 in 2018, Serbia from 7,6 in 2010 to 5,5 in 2018,
Slovenia from 3,2 in 2010 to 2,1 in 2018.

SDG indicator 3.2.2: Neonatal mortality rate, per 1000 live births (under 1 year of age)
Year Baseline (2018) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030)
Indicator value 5,0 4,5 3,8
60

Source: UN database, 2000-2018, „United Nations Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation (UN IGME), 2019.”
E-estimated data.
For comparison, in Croatia the values range from 4,7 in 2010 to 4,0 in 2018, in Serbia from 6,6 in 2010 to 4,8 in 2018, in
Slovenia from 2,6 in 2010 to 1,7 in 2018.

Target 3.4: By 2030 reduce by one third the premature mortality from non-communicable diseases through
prevention and treatment and to promote mental health and well-being
Adjusted SDG indicator 3.4.1: Mortality rates from non-communicable disease (per 1000 people)
Year Baseline (2015) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030.)*
Total(3.4.1) 18,2 16,4 12,1
Women (3.4.1.a) 13,2 11,1 8,8
Men (3.4.1.b) 23,1 19,8 15,7
https://apps.who.int/gho/data/view.main.2490
Target 3.5: Strengthen the prevention of substance abuse and treatment of consequences of such abuse,
including narcotic drug abuse and harmful use of alcohol
SDG indicator 3.5.2: Harmful use of alcohol, defined according to the national context as alcohol consumption
per capita (at the age of 15 years and above) during a calendar year in liters of pure alcohol
Year Baseline (2016) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030)
Indicator value 6,43 5,30 4,00

Source: UN database, „WHO Global Information System on Alcohol and Health (GISAH), 2018”.
For comparison, the values in Croatia range from 11,25 in 2010 to 8,94 in 2016, in Serbia 11,69 in 2010 to 11,8 in 2016, in
Slovenia from 11,47 in 2010 to 12,6 in 2018. Global average is 6,4, EU average is 9,8.

Target 3.7: By 2030 ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health care services, including for family
planning, information and education, and the integration of reproductive health into national strategies and
programs
SDG indicator 3.7.2: Adolescent birth rate (at the age of 15 to 19 years) per 1.000 women in that age group
Year Target (2016) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030)
Indicator value 11,0 8,7 4,9

Source: Global SDG indicators database, https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/database/ For comparison, the values
in Croatia are from 12,4 in 2010 to 9,6 in 2018, in Serbia from 19,0 in 2010 to 15,4 in 2018, in Slovenia from 4,9 in 2010 to
4,1 in 2018.

Target 3.8: Achieve universal healthcare coverage, including financial risk protection, access to quality essential
healthcare services and access to safe, effective, quality and affordable essential medicines and vaccines for all35
SDG indicator 3.8.1: Coverage of essential health services
Year Baseline (2014) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030)
Indicator value, in % 61 69 75

Source: UN database, Tracking universal health coverage: 2019 Global Monitoring Report
For comparison, in 2018 this indicator in Croatia was 71%, Serbia 65%, and in Slovenia 79%.

SDG indicator 3.8.2: Proportion of households expenditures on health as a share of total household
expenditure, in %
Year Baseline (2015) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030.)

35 Defined as average coverage with essential health services based on monitored interventions, including reproductive health, health of women
with child birth, infants and newborns, communicable disease, non-communicable diseases, as well as the capacity and access to services among
the general and most vulnerable population); Index value.
December 2020.
61
THE SDGS FRAMEWORK IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

Proportion of population with large 8,18 6,50 4,00

household expenditure on health (large
than 10%) as a share of total household
expenditures or income
Proportion of population with large 1,39 0,50 0,00
household expenditure on health (large
than 25%) as a share of total household
expenditures or income

Source: UN database
The values in 2016: in Croatia 31,8 (women 31,1, men 32,5), Serbia 19,8 (21,4 women, 18 men), Slovenia 46,1 (48,3
women, 44,1 men).

Target 3.a: Strengthen the implementation of the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco
Control in all countries, as appropriate
SDG indicator 3.a.1: Prevalence of current tobacco use (15 years of age and older)
Year Baseline (2011) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030)
Total (3.a.1.a) 39,3 31,0 25,0
Women (3.a.1.b) 30,5 24,0 20,0
Men (3.a.1.c) 48,4 39,0 31,0

Source: World Health Organization

Target 3.c: Substantially increase health financing and the recruitment, training, development, and retention of
the health workforce
Adjusted SDG indicator 3.c.1: Health workers density and distribution per 10.000 people
Year Baseline (2014) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030)
Dentists 2,31 5,30 7,20
Nurses 69,10 75,50
Pharmacists 1,24 2,10 5,90
Medical doctors 20,00 (2013.) 22,50 24,80

Source: UN database, Global Health Workforce Statistics database, Global Health Observatory, WHO; 2000-2014, data
for BiH.

SDG 4: ENSURE INCLUSIVE AND EQUITABLE QUALITY

EDUCATION AND PROMOTE LIFELONG LEARNING
OPPORTUNITIES FOR ALL

Target 4.1: By 2030 ensure that all girls and boys complete free, equitable and quality primary and secondary
education leading to relevant and effective learning outcomes
Alternative SDG indicator 4.1.1.a: Average number of years of education
Year Baseline (2018)36 Mid-term (2023)37 Target (2030)
Women 8,5 10,2 12,1
Men 10,9 11,7 12,4

36 PISA scores- the BiH Main Report for 2017 does not contain the data per gender in percentage. It is said that girls achieved better results in
reading for almost 30 scores, while in the areas of mathematics and science there is no difference.

37 PISA 2024
62

Source: http://hdr.undp.org/en/data
Data for 2018: Slovenia - women 12,2, men 12,3; Croatia - women 10,9, men 12,0;
Serbia - women 10,7, men 11,6 years.

Alternative SDG indicator 4.1.1.b: Proportion of girls and boys aged 15 years who achieve the PISA Level 2 or
higher in reading, mathematics and science
Year Baseline (2018) Srednja (2023.)5 Ciljna (2030.)
Indicator value Reading: 46 Reading: min. 55 Reading: min. 70

Mathematics: 42 Mathematics: min.55 Mathematics: min. 70

Science: 43 Science: min. 55 Science: min. 70

Target 4.2: By 2030 ensure that all girls and boys have access to quality early childhood development, care and
pre-primary education in order to be ready for primary education
Adjusted SDG indicator 4.2.2: Enrollment in pre-primary education (3-6 years), in % 38
Year Baseline (2018) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030)
Indicator value 18 30 60

Source: EU Analytical Report, May 2019

EU average 95,3%.

Target 4.5: By 2030 eliminate gender inequality in education and ensure equal access to all levels of education
and vocational training for vulnerable groups, including persons with disabilities, the elderly and children in
vulnerable situations
SDG indicator 4.5.1: Gender Inequality Index 39
Year Baseline (2018) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030)
Indicator value 0,162 0,145 0,089

http://www.hdr.undp.org/en/global-reports
Value GII in 2018: for Slovenia 0,069, Croatia 0,122, Serbia 0,161.

SDG 5: ACHIEVE GENDER EQUALITY AND EMPOWER

ALL WOMEN AND GIRLS

Target 5.4: Recognize and value unpaid care and domestic work through provision of public services,
infrastructure and social protection policies and the promotion of shared responsibilities within the household
and family, as nationally appropriate
Adjusted SDG indicator 5.4.1.a: Proportion of economically inactive persons at the age of 20-64 who are inactive
due to other family obligations (beside care of children, incapable adults or weak persons)
Year Baseline (2019) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030)
Total 26,3 20,0 17,0
Men 7,7 6,0 5,0
Women 36,3 30,0 20,0

Source: Labor Force Survey, 2019

38 Gross ratio of enrolled children in pre-school education, level ISCED 02 (children from 3 to 6) classified by
gender (also thematic indicator SDG 4.2.4.)

39 Gender inequality index (GII) measures the unfavorable position of women in the areas of employment,
economic activity and reproductive health. Index indicates the loss in human development, which is a result
of unequal positions for women and men in the afore-mentioned areas. It ranges from 0 (women and men are
fully equal), to 1 (one gender is in a significantly worse position in all listed areas).
December 2020.
63
THE SDGS FRAMEWORK IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

Adjusted SDG indicator 5.4.1.b: Proportion of economically inactive persons at the age of 20 to 64 who are
inactive due to care of children or weak adult persons
Year Baseline (2019) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030)
Total 3,5 3,0 2,0
Men 0,4 0,4 0,4
Women 5,1 4,0 3,0

Source: Labor Force Survey, (2019).

SDG 10: REDUCE INEQUALITY WITHIN AND AMONG COUNTRIES

Target 10.1: By 2030 progressively achieve and sustain income growth of the bottom 40% of the population at a
rate higher than the national average
Alternative SDG indicator 10.1.1.a: Gini coefficient of income inequality
Year Baseline (2015) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030)
Indicator value 31,2 30,0 29,0

Source: BiH Statistics Agency, http://bhas.gov.ba/data/Publikacije/Bilteni/2018/CIS_01_2015_Y1_0_BS.pdf

Alternative SDG indicator 10.1.1.b: Possessing an account in a financial institution

Year Baseline (2017) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030)
Indicator value
Total 58,8 65,0 80,0
Women 54,7 63,0 80,0
Men 62,2 67,0 80,0

Source: World Bank, https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/FX.OWN.TOTL.ZS

64
10.
INSTITUTIONAL
MECHANISM FOR
COORDINATION AND
MONITORING OF THE
IMPLEMENTATION OF
THE SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT GOALS
FRAMEWORK IN BOSNIA
AND HERZEGOVINA
As earlier emphasized, the SDGs Framework steers
the future strategic planning processes at all levels
of government in Bosnia and Herzegovina and each
level of government through its strategic documents
and in line with its competencies defines its priorities,
measures and activities towards achieving sustainable
development and specific targets determined in
the Framework. In the spirit of partnership and the
principle to leave no one behind in the development
process, the strategic planning processes have to
be participatory and to enable participation of
socio-economic stakeholders by ensuring vertical
coordination among various levels of government,
because it is possible to ensure a substantial progress
in achieving sustainable development only with joint
action of all stakeholders.
The Working Group for drafting the SDGs
Framework will continue to work for the purpose of
coordinating and monitoring the implementation
of the Framework in the form of the Council for
monitoring the SDGs Framework in Bosnia and
Herzegovina. In addition to the institutions present
in the Working Group, the Council will include the
competent statistical institutions, and as appropriate,
other institutions from all levels of government.
The fundamental role and mandate of the Council
for the SDGs implementation (hereinafter: the
Council) will be monitoring and reporting, as well
as managing and coordinating the implementation
process of the SDGs Framework and Agenda 2030.
The Council’s mandate will include initiating and
preparation of analyses and research in cooperation
with the competent statistical, scientific-research
and other institutions for the needs of analyzing the
implementation of the SDGs Framework and Agenda
2030. Also, the Council for the SDGs implementation
participates in monitoring development and
implementation of the international documents
in the area of sustainable development in Bosnia
and Herzegovina, global treaties and conventions,
and in coordination of the process of developing
all required reports on implementation of Agenda
2030 in Bosnia and Herzegovina towards the United
Nations (Voluntary Review 2023 and other reports).
The Council for the SDGs implementation will have
a key role in providing support to engagement of
socio-economic stakeholders, such as civil society
organizations, the private sector, local governments,
academia, as well as parliaments, in the process
of implementation and monitoring the SDGs
Framework and raising broader public awareness
on importance of accomplishing the Sustainable
Development Goals.
For the needs of engaging a broader spectrum of
socio-economic stakeholders with an aim of steering
the implementation of the Sustainable Development
Goals in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and in particular
towards the “Leave no one behind” principle, the
Council for the SDG implementation will organize
public fora and internet platforms for discussions,
counselling, exchange of ideas, etc., on a need
basis. Through those fora and platforms, all citizens
and all stakeholders will have an opportunity to
propose activities and policies for faster achieving
individual goals, to contribute to their achieving,
and to participate in developing voluntary and
regular reports towards the UN High-level Political
Forum, as well as other documents related to the
implementation process of the SDGs Framework in
Bosnia and Herzegovina.
The decision on establishing the Council for SDGs
implementation in Bosnia and Herzegovina will
prescribe in detail its members, mandate, manner
of functioning and financing the operations of the
Council for the SDGs implementation.
December 2020.
THE SDGS FRAMEWORK IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
11.
FINANCING THE SDGS
IMPLEMENTATION
The Sustainable Development Goals Framework in
Bosnia and Herzegovina is a generally accepted and
joint platform for action at all levels of government,
and its operationalization is done through strategic
The SDGs Framework in BiH
Mid-term expenditure framework
and annual budgets
(each level of government in BiH)
Financial mechanisms for
implementation of the Goals
(each level of governemnt in BiH)
Image 19 ― Basic financial architecture to support
implementation of the Sustainable Development
Goals
65
documents of each level. In this regard, each
individual level of government will develop its
development strategies within its development
planning and management systems, through which
it will plan measures and policies for accomplishing
Agenda 2030 and the SDGs, and will ensure funds
for their implementation.
Having in mind the complexity of the administrative
organization in Bosnia and Herzegovina, as well as
the overall socio-economic condition in the country,
each level of government will make additional efforts
towards mobilizing (domestic and external) financial
sources. According to the IMF data, approximately
40% (or slightly more) of GDP is distributed through
the public budgets. Therefor the public budgets,
Development and sectoral strategies
(each level of government in BiH)
Three-year and annual work plans
(each level of governemnt in BiH)
Achieving goals, including the
level of desired financing
(each level of governemnt in BiH)
66

together with external remittances with total of
approximately 78% represent dominant potential
sources of funding the SDGs (according to the data
for 2008-2017). The afore-mentioned is supported
by the fact that, in addition the significant presence
of international donor communities in Bosnia and
Herzegovina, the official development aid (ODA)
amounts only approximately 6% of potential sources
of funding the SDGs, while less than 9% relates to
foreign credit sources.
Therefore, while strengthening better and more
efficient utilization of the existing (traditional)
financial sources, Bosnia and Herzegovina will be
working on improvement of the financial architecture
to support the implementation of the Goals.
• The SDGs Framework in Bosnia and Herzegovina
is a joint starting point for all levels of government
in Bosnia and Herzegovina;
and/or instruments which are applicable within the
context of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and which will
have to be selected and adjusted in the regulatory
and operational sense for broader application. For
example, Impact Investing, Social or Development
Impact Bonds; so called Green Bonds into projects
that have positive environmental and climate
impacts, equity- based crowdfunding, forecast-
based financial mechanisms, Debt –for- nature
Swaps for investments relevant for the SDGs, and
similar.
• Within monitoring of the accomplishment of
the Sustainable Development Goals overall
and for each level of government in Bosnia and
Herzegovina, there will be monitoring of realized
financing for the SDGs from domestic and external
sources on a regular basis and recommendations
will be prepared for potential improvements for
the next planning period.

• Each level of government in Bosnia and

Herzegovina includes the Goals in its development
and sectoral strategies, when indicative financial
needs are estimated for implementation from
domestic and external sources;

• Development and sectoral strategies of each level

of government in Bosnia and Herzegovina are
operationalized through three year/annual work
plans, which are prepared in line with the Budget
Framework Paper (BFP) and annual budget.

In addition to the afore-mentioned, the support

to operational implementation of the Sustainable
Development Goals will be implemented through
strengthening the existing and establishing new,
innovative financial mechanisms and/or instruments:

• Strengthening the existing financial mechanisms

and/or instruments which are already operational
at different levels of government, and are being
implemented through various forms of public
grant schemes, targeted direct grants and
subsidies, public-private partnerships (PPPs),
investment, revolving and other funds such as
BiH, entity and/or municipal bonds, and similar;

• Introducing new, innovative financial mechanisms

December 2020.
67
THE SDGS FRAMEWORK IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

12.
The Annual Report on Implementation of the
SDGs Framework in Bosnia and Herzegovina
contains the progress towards the determined
development pathways, accelerators and drivers,
which contribute to achieving the defined targets
of sustainable development. In parallel, the Annual
Report contains the analysis of additional quantitative
MONITORING indicators, which explain the trends regarding
accomplishments of the target values, the review
AND REPORTING of policies contributing to accomplishments of the
ON PROGRESS IN targets at all levels of government, and particularly
within the context of good practices, and other
ACCOMPLISHING aspects which impacted accomplishments of the
targets to the larger extent.
THE SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT GOALS The Voluntary Review towards the UN is submitted
periodically to the UN High -level Political Forum.
IN BOSNIA AND Besides enabling the review of the progress towards
accomplishing Agenda 2030, the purpose of the
HERZEGOVINA Voluntary Review is exchange of experiences and
good practices among countries in accelerated
achieving the SDGs. Preparation of the next Voluntary
The Council for the implementation of the SDGs
Reviews of Bosnia and Herzegovina is envisaged for
in Bosnia and Herzegovina is assigned for overall
2023 and 2030.40
monitoring and reporting on the implementation of
the SDGs Framework, coordination of the preparation
The support to monitoring and reporting on
of annual reports and voluntary reviews towards the
the implementation of the SDGs in Bosnia and
United Nations.
Herzegovina will be provided also by socio-economic
partners through consultations organized by the
Reporting on the implementation of the SDGs
Council, including also the electronic platform. All
Framework in Bosnia and Herzegovina is conducted
citizens and all stakeholders will have an opportunity
through:
to propose activities and policies for faster achieving
• The Annual Report on the Implementation of the the individual goals, to contribute to monitoring their
SDGs Framework in Bosna and Herzegovina and accomplishments and to participate in developing
the voluntary and regular reports.

• The Voluntary Review to the UN (2023 and 2027).

The Council for the implementation of the SDGs

in Bosnia and Herzegovina prepares the afore-
mentioned reports based on the data submitted by
the institutions competent for coordination of the
SDGs implementation at each level, in compliance
with the legislation and administrative organization,
and through consultations organized by the Council,
including also the electronic platform. All citizens and
all stakeholders will have an opportunity to propose
activities and policies for faster accomplishment of
individual goals, to contribute to monitoring of their
accomplishments, and to participate in developing
voluntary and regular reports.
40 Bosnia and Herzegovina prepared its first Voluntary Review
and presented in 2019.
68

ANNEX 1:
OVERVIEW OF GOALS, TARGETS, AND INDICATORS

SDG 1: END POVERTY IN ALL ITS FORMS EVERYWHERE

Target 1.1: By 2030 eradicate extreme poverty for all people everywhere

Alternative SDG indicator 1.1.1: Poverty rate, the international poverty line

Year Baseline (2015) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030)

Indicator value 3,9 3,0 0,0

Alternative SDG indicator 1.2.1: Poverty rate at the state/entity level

Year Baseline (2015) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030.)

Indicator value BiH 16,9 15,0 8,5
Indicator value BD BiH 17,6 13,2 8,8
Indicator value FBiH 17,1 12,9 8,6
Indicator value RS 16,4 12,3 8,2

Target 1.4: By 2030 ensure that all men and women, in particular the poor and vulnerable, have equal
rights to economic resources, as well as access to basic services, ownership and control over land and
other forms of property, inheritance, natural resources, appropriate new technologies and financial
services, including microfinance

SDG indicator 1.4.1: Access to basic services, in %

Year Baseline (2015) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030)

Water supply (1.4.1.a) 88,6 93,0 96,0*

Sanitary services (1.4.1.b) 23,1 75,0 89,0*

December 2020.
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THE SDGS FRAMEWORK IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

SDG 2: END HUNGER, ACHIEVE FOOD SECURITY THROUGH FOOD

SUPPLY, IMPROVE NUTRITION QUALITY AND PROMOTE
SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE

Target 2.1: By 2030 end hunger and ensure access for all people, in particular, for the poor and people in
vulnerable situation, including infants, to safe nutrient rich food in sufficient quantities throughout the
year

Adjusted SDG indicator 2.1.2: Uncertainty in food supply among adult population, in %

Year Baseline (2015) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030)

Indicator value 10,2 5,0 0,0

Target 2.2: By 2030 end all forms of malnutrition, including achieving, by 2025, the internationally
agreed targets on stunning and wasting in children under 5 years of age and address nutritional needs
of adolescent girls, pregnant and lactating women, and older persons

SDG indicator 2.2.1: Proportion of children with moderate or severe stunning and wasting
Year Baseline (2012) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030)
Indicator value 10,2 5,0 0,0

Target 2.3: By 2030 double the agricultural productivity and incomes of small-scale food producers, in
particular women, family farmers, pastoralists and fishers, inter alia, through secure and equal access to
land, other productive resources and inputs, knowledge, financial services, markets and opportunities
for value addition and non-agricultural employment

Adjusted SDG indicator 2.3.2: Agricultural income per capita (USD)

Year Baseline (2015) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030)
Indicator value 6242 9000 12000
70

SDG 3: ENSURE HEALTHY LIFE AND WELL-BEING

FOR ALL AT ALL AGES

Target 3.2: By 2030 end preventable deaths of newborns and children under 5 years of age

Target 3.2: By 2030 end preventable deaths of newborns and children under 5 years of age
Year Baseline (2018) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030)
Indicator value 5,8 5,1 2,5

SDG indicator 3.2.2: Neonatal mortality rate, per 1000 live births (under 1 year of age)
Year Baseline (2018) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030)
Indicator value 5,0 4,5 3,8

Target 3.4: By 2030 reduce by one third the premature mortality from non-communicable diseases
through prevention and treatment and to promote mental health and well-being

Adjusted SDG indicator 3.4.1: Mortality rates from non-communicable disease (per 1000 people)
Year Baseline (2015) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030.)*
Total(3.4.1) 18,2 16,4 12,1
Women (3.4.1.a) 13,2 11,1 8,8
Men (3.4.1.b) 23,1 19,8 15,7

Target 3.5: Strengthen the prevention of substance abuse and treatment of consequences of such abuse,
including narcotic drug abuse and harmful use of alcohol

SDG indicator 3.5.2: Harmful use of alcohol, defined according to the national context as alcohol con-
sumption per capita (at the age of 15 years and above) during a calendar year in liters of pure alcohol
Year Baseline (2016) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030)
Indicator value 6,43 5,30 4,00

Target 3.6 By 2030 halve the number of global deaths and injuries from road traffic accidents

SDG indicator 3.6.1: Death rate due to traffic injuries per 100.000 people
Year Baseline (2016) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030)
Indicator value 15,7 11,5 6,4

Target 3.7: By 2030 ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health care services, including for
family planning, information and education, and the integration of reproductive health into national
strategies and programs

SDG indicator 3.7.2: Adolescent birth rate (at the age of 15 to 19 years) per 1.000 women in that age
group
Year Target (2016) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030)
Indicator value 11,0 8,7 4,9
December 2020.
71
THE SDGS FRAMEWORK IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

Target 3.8: Achieve universal healthcare coverage, including financial risk protection, access to quality
essential healthcare services and access to safe, effective, quality and affordable essential medicines and
vaccines for all

SDG indicator 3.8.1: Coverage of essential health services

Year Baseline (2014) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030)
Indicator value, in % 61 69 75

SDG indicator 3.8.2: Proportion of households expenditures on health as a share of total household ex-
penditure, in %
Year Baseline (2015) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030.)
Proportion of population with large household expenditure on 8,18 6,50 4,00
health (large than 10%) as a share of total household expendi-
tures or income
Proportion of population with large household expenditure on 1,39 0,50 0,00
health (large than 25%) as a share of total household expendi-
tures or income

Target 3.a: Strengthen the implementation of the World Health Organization Framework Convention on
Tobacco Control in all countries, as appropriate

SDG indicator 3.a.1: Prevalence of current tobacco use (15 years of age and older)
Year Baseline (2011) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030)
Total (3.a.1.a) 39,3 31,0 25,0
Women (3.a.1.b) 30,5 24,0 20,0
Men (3.a.1.c) 48,4 39,0 31,0

Target 3.c: Substantially increase health financing and the recruitment, training, development, and reten-
tion of the health workforce

Adjusted SDG indicator 3.c.1: Health workers density and distribution per 10.000 people
Year Baseline (2014) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030)
Dentists 2,31 5,30 7,20
Nurses 63,00 69,10 75,50
Pharmacists 1,24 2,10 5,90
Medical doctors 20,00 (2013.) 22,50 24,80
72

SDG 4: ENSURE INCLUSIVE AND EQUITABLE QUALITY

EDUCATION AND PROMOTE LIFELONG LEARNING
OPPORTUNITIES FOR ALL

Target 4.1: By 2030 ensure that all girls and boys complete free, equitable and quality primary and
secondary education leading to relevant and effective learning outcomes

Alternative SDG indicator 4.1.1.a: Average number of years of education

Year Baseline (2018) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030)
Women 8,5 10,2 12,1
Men 10,9 11,7 12,4

Alternative SDG indicator 4.1.1.b: Proportion of girls and boys aged 15 years who achieve the PISA Level 2
or higher in reading, mathematics and science
Year Baseline (2018) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030)
Reading: 46 Reading: min. 55 Reading: min. 70
Mathematics: 42 Mathematics: Mathematics:
Indicator value
Science: 43 min. 55 min. 70
Science: min. 55 Science: min. 70

Target 4.2: By 2030 ensure that all girls and boys have access to quality early childhood development,
care and pre-primary education in order to be ready for primary education

Adjusted SDG indicator 4.2.2: Enrollment in pre-primary education (3-6 years), in %

Year Baseline (2018) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030)
Indicator value 18 30 60

Target 4.3: By 2030 ensure equal access to affordable and quality technical, vocational and tertiary
education including university for all women and men

SDG indicator 4.3.1: Participation rate of youth and adults in formal and informal education and training
during the previous 12 month, per sex
Year Baseline (2016) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030)
Total 8,7 15,4 29,5
Women 8,5 15,2 30,2
Men 8,9 15,6 29,8

Target 4.4: By 2030 substantially increase the number of youth and adults who have relevant skills,
including technical, digital and vocational for employment, decent jobs and entrepreneurship

Alternative SDG indicator 4.4.1: Individuals who use internet, in %

Year Baseline (2018.) Mid-term Target (2030.)
(2023.)
Indicator value 0,162 0,145 0,089

Target 4.5: By 2030 eliminate gender inequality in education and ensure equal access to all levels of
education and vocational training for vulnerable groups, including persons with disabilities, the elderly
and children in vulnerable situations
December 2020.
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THE SDGS FRAMEWORK IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

SDG indicator 4.5.1: Gender Inequality Index

Year Baseline (2018) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030)
Indicator value 70 80 95

Target 4.a: Build and upgrade education facilities that are child, disability and gender sensitive, and
provide safe, non-violent, inclusive and effective learning environments for all

Adjusted SDG indicator 4.a.1: Primary and secondary schools equipped with computers and access to
internet for pupils; number of pupils/per computer, average
Year Baseline Mid-term (2023) Target (2030)
(2018/2019)
Primary education
- Average number of pupils per 1 computer 14,42 8,00 4,00
- Average number of pupils per 1 access to internet 22,29 12,00 6,50
Secondary education
- Average number of pupils per 1 computer 11,89 4,5 3,0
- Average number of pupils per 1 access to internet 14,67 7,0 4,0
74

SDG 5: ACHIEVE GENDER EQUALITY

AND EMPOWER ALL WOMEN AND GIRLS

Target 5.1: End all forms of discrimination against women and girls

Alternative SDG indicator 5.1.1: Gender Development Index – GDI

Year Baseline (2018) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030)
Indicator value 0,924 0,934 0,975

Target 5.4: Recognize and value unpaid care and domestic work through provision of public services,
infrastructure and social protection policies and the promotion of shared responsibilities within the
household and family, as nationally appropriate

Adjusted SDG indicator 5.4.1.a: Proportion of economically inactive persons at the age of 20-64 who are
inactive due to other family obligations (beside care of children, incapable adults or weak persons)
Year Baseline (2019) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030)
Total 26,3 20,0 17,0
Men 7,7 6,0 5,0
Women 36,3 30,0 20,0

Adjusted SDG indicator 5.4.1.b: Proportion of economically inactive persons at the age of 20 to 64 who
are inactive due to care of children or weak adult persons
Year Baseline (2019) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030)
Total 3,5 3,0 2,0
Men 0,4 0,4 0,4
Women 5,1 4,0 3,0

Target 5.5: Ensure women’s full and effective participation and equal opportunities for leadership at all
levels of decision-making in political, economic and public life

Adjusted SDG indicator 5.5.1: Proportion of seats held by women in parliaments (%)
Year Baseline (2018) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030)
BiH 21,4 23,5 40,0
FBiH 27,0 29,0 40,0
RS 21,8 24,0 40,0
BD BiH 9,7 20,0 40,0
December 2020.
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THE SDGS FRAMEWORK IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

SDG 6: ENSURE ACCESS TO WATER AND SANITATION FOR ALL

Target 6.1: By 2030 achieve universal and equitable access to safe and affordable water for all

SDG indicator 6.1.1: Proportion of population using drinking water from safely managed systems
Year Baseline (2019) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030)
Indicator value 75 80 90

Target 6.3: By 2030 improve water quality by reducing pollution, eliminating dumping and minimizing
release of hazardous chemicals and materials, halving the proportion of untreated waste water and
substantially increasing recycling and reuse globally

SDG indicator 6.3.1: Population connected to urban waste water treatments, u %

Year Baseline (2015) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030)
Indicator value 3,6 20 50

Alternative SDG indicator 6.3.2.a: Biochemical oxygen demand in rivers

Year Baseline (2013) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030)
Indicator value 2,30 2,10 1,94

Alternative SDG indicator 6.3.2.b: Phosphate in rivers

Year Baseline (2014) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030)
Indicator value 0,03 0,03 0,03

Target 6.5: By 2030 implement integrated water resources management at all levels, including through
transboundary cooperation, as appropriate

SDG indicator 6.5.1: Degree of implementing integrated water resources management at the scale of
0–100
Year Baseline (2017) "Mid-term Target (2030)
Indicator value 52,9 65,0 70,0
76

SDG 7: ENSURE ACCESS TO FINANCIALLY AFFORDABLE,

RELIABLE, SUSTAINABLE AND MODERN ENERGY FOR ALL

Target 7.1: By 2030 ensure universal access to financially affordable, reliable and modern energy services

SDG indicator 7.1.2: Proportion of population with primary reliance on clean fuels and technology
Year Baseline (2015) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030)
Indicator value 62 69 84

SDG indicator 7.2.1: Renewable energy share in the total final energy consumption (%)
Year Baseline (2018) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030)
Indicator value 35,7 41,0 45,0

Target 7.3: By 2030 double the global rate of improvement in energy efficiency

SDG indicator 7.3.1: Energy intensity measured in terms of primary energy and GDP
Year Baseline (2015) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030)
Indicator value 6,7 6,2 5,5
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SDG 8: PROMOTE INCLUSIVE AND SUSTAINED ECONOMIC

GROWTH, EMPLOYMENT AND DECENT WORK FOR ALL

Target 8.1: Continuous economic growth per capita

Adjusted SDG indicator 8.1.1: Real growth rate of GDP

Year Baseline (2018) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030)
Indicator value 3,7 3,2 7,0

Target 8.2: Achieve higher levels of economic productivity through diversification, technological
upgrading and innovations, among others, focusing on labor intensive and highly profitable sectors

Alternative SDG indicator 8.2.2: Estimated GDP (2011. PPP $), per sex
Year Baseline (2018) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030)
Women 8.432 11.080 20.150
Men 17.123 21.100 28.500

Target 8.3: Promote development-oriented policies that support productive activities, decent job
creation, entrepreneurship, creativity and innovations; encourage the formal establishment and growth
of micro, small and medium enterprises, including through access to financial services

Adjusted SDG indicator 8.3.1: Proportion of informal employment in non-agricultural activities, per sex
Year Baseline (2019) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030)
Total 17,1 15,0 12,0
Women 12,6 11,0 9,0
Men 19,8 17,0 14,0

Alternative SDG indicator 8.3.2.: Newly registered business per 1000 people (age group 15-64)
Year Baseline (2018) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030)
Indicator value 1,09 2,00 2,50

Target 8.4: By 2030 improve resource efficiency in consumption and production and endeavor to
decouple economic growth from environmental degradation

Adjusted SDG indicator 8.4.2.a: Domestic raw material consumption (in kg per $1 of GDP)
Year Baseline (2015) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030.)
Indicator value 2,0 1,8 1,6

Adjusted SDG indicator 8.4.b: Resource productivity („PPS per kg“)

Year Baseline (2015) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030)
Indicator value 0,8 1,8 1,6
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Target 8.5: By 2030 achieve full and productive employment and decent work for all women and men,
including young people and disabled persons, and equal pay for work of equal value

Alternative SDG indicator 8.5.2: Employment rate

Year Baseline (2019) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030)
Women 26,7 32,0 40,0
Men 44,6 46,9 55,0
Youth 23,4 24,6 30,2
Total 35,5 37,3 45,9

Target 8.6: By 2030 substantially reduce the proportion of youth not in employment, education or training

SDG indicator 8.6.1: Proportion of youth not in education, employment or training (%)
Year Baseline (2019) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030)
Total (8.6.1) 21,0 18,0 10,0
Women (8.6.1.a) 21,4 18,0 10,0
Men (8.6.1.b) 20,7 18,0 10,0

Target 8.9: By 2030 devise and implement policies to promote sustainable tourism that creates jobs and
promotes local culture and products

SDG indicator 8.9.1: Sustainable tourism

Year Baseline (2019) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030)
Proportion of tourism revenues in relation of GDP, expressed in 9,3 10,0 10,0
% (8.9.1.a)
Annual growth rate of tourism revenues (8.9.1.b) 6,9 7,0 7,0
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SDG 9: BUILD RESILIENT INFRASTRUCTURE, PROMOTE

INCLUSIVE AND SUSTAINABLE INDUSTRIALIZATION AND
FOSTER INNOVATIONS

Target 9.1: Develop quality, reliable, sustainable and resilient infrastructure, including regional and
trans border infrastructure, to support economic development and human well-being, with a focus on
affordable and equitable access for all

Alternative SDG indicator 9.1.1: Infrastructure quality (1-5)

Year Baseline (2016) Mid-term Target (2030.)
(2023.)
Indicator value 2,6 3,0 3,5

Target 9.2: Promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and by 2030 significantly raise industry's
share in employment and gross domestic product, in line with national circumstances

SDG indicator 9.2.1: Manufacturing value added

Year Baseline (2015) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030)
As a share of GDP (9.2.1.a) 11,7 13 15
Per capita (9.2.1.b) $535 $600 $700

Target 9.3: Increase the access of small scale industrial and other enterprises to financial services,
including affordable credits, and increase their integration into value chains and markets

SDG indicator 9.3.1: Proportion of small scale industries in total industry value added (%)
Year Baseline (2014) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030)
Indicator value 17,06 21,40 22,80

Target 9.4: By 2030 upgrade infrastructure and retrofit industries to make them sustainable, with
increased resource use efficiency and greater adoption of clean and environmentally sound
technologies and industrial processes

SDG indicator 9.4.1: Greenhous gasses emission per USD 1 of GDP

Year Baseline (2014) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030)
Indicator value 0,59 0,53 0,47

Target 9.5: Enhance scientific research, upgrade technological capabilities of industrial sectors in
all countries, in particular developing countries, including by 2030 encouraging innovations and
substantially increasing the number of research and development workers per 1 million people and
public and private research and development spending

SDG indicator 9.5.1: Research and development expenditures as a proportion of GDP

Year Baseline (2015) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030.)
Indicator value 0,20 0,53 2,00

SDG indicator 9.5.2: Researchers (full-time equivalent) per million inhabitants

80

Year Baseline (2015) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030)

Indicator value 354 500 800

Target 9.b: Support domestic technology development, research and innovations in developing
countries, including by ensuring a conductive policy environment, inter alia, industrial diversification
and value addition to commodities

SDG indicator 9.b.1: Proportion of medium and high tech technology in total value added
Year Baseline (2015) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030.)
Indicator value 18 21 25
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SDG 10: REDUCE INEQUALITY WITHIN AND AMONG COUNTRIES

Podcilj 10.1: Do 2030. progresivno postići i održati rast prihoda donjih 40% stanovništva po stopi višoj
od prosjeka u zemlji

Alternative SDG indicator 10.1.1.a: Gini coefficient of income inequality

Year Baseline (2015) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030)
Indicator value 31,2 30,0 29,0

Alternative SDG indicator 10.1.1.b: Possessing an account in a financial institution

Year Baseline (2017) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030)
Total 58,8 65,0 80,0
Women 54,7 63,0 80,0
Men 62,2 67,0 80,0

Target 10.4: Adopt policies, especially fiscal, wage and social protection policies, and progressively
achieve greater equality

Alternative SDG indicator 10.4.1: Ratio of minimum net wage and average wage
Year Baseline (2019) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030)
FBiH 0,44 0,47 0,51
RS 0,50 0,51 0,54

Target 10.c: By 2030 reduce to less than 3% the transaction costs of migrant remittances and eliminate
remittances corridors with costs higher than 5%

SDG indicator 10.c.1: Remittance costs as a proportion of the total amount remitted
Year Baseline (2018) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030)
Indicator value 6,5 5,0 3,0
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SDG 11: MAKE CITIES AND SETTLEMENTS INCLUSIVE,

SAFE, RESILIENT AND SUSTAINABLE

Target 11.1: By 2030 ensure access for all to adequate, safe and affordable housing and basic services,
and upgrade the conditions in slums

Alternative SDG indicator 11.1.1: Housing conditions (%)

Year Baseline (2015) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030)
Humidity in walls/foundations 15,2 10,0 8,0
Leaking roof 7,2 5,0 3,0
Inadequate heating of a housing unit 10,8 8,0 5,0
Rotten windows, frames or doors 12,5 10,0 6,0

Target 11.4: Strengthen efforts to protect and safeguard the world's cultural and natural heritage

SDG indicator 11.4.1: Total per capita expenditures on preservation, protection and conservation of all
cultural and natural heritage, by source of funding (public, private), type of heritage (cultural, natural)
and level of government (national, regional, local/municipal)
Year Baseline (2019) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030.)
Indicator value 46,38 48,00 55,00

Target 11.5: By 2030 significantly reduce the number of deaths and the number of people affected, and
significantly decrease economic losses caused by natural disasters, including water related disasters,
with a focus on protecting the poor and people in vulnerable situations

SDG indicator 11.5.1: The number of deaths, missing persons and persons directly affected by disasters
per 100,000 population
Year Baseline (2014) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030.)
Indicator value To be determined Reduce for 20% Reduce for 50%

Target 11.6: By 2030 reduce the adverse environmental impact of cities, measured per capita, by paying
special attention to air quality and municipal and other waste management

Alternative SDG indicator 11.6.1.a: Proportion of non-treated municipal waste

Year Baseline (2015) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030)
Indicator value 25 17 10

Alternative SDG indicator 11.6.1.b: Proportion of recycled municipal waste

Year Baseline (2015) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030)
Indicator value 0 15 30

SDG indicator 11.6.2: Air pollution

Year Baseline (2019) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030)
Indicator value PM2,5 34,6 21,0 13,0
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Target 11.b: By 2030 substantially increase the number of cities and settlements adopting and
implementing integrated policies and plans in terms of inclusion, resource efficiency, mitigation and
adaptation to climate changes, resilience to disasters, and develop and implement, in line with the
Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030, holistic disaster risk management at all levels

SDG indicator 11.b.2: Proportion of local governments with adopted inclusive and integrated develop-
ment strategies including the issue of disaster risk management
Year Baseline (2019) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030)
Indicator value Not available Increase for 50% 100%
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SDG 12: ENSURE SUSTAINABLE CONSUMPTION

AND PRODUCTION PATTERNS

Target 12.4: By 2030 achieve the environmentally sound management of chemicals and all wastes
throughout their life cycle, in accordance with agreed international frameworks, and substantially
reduce their release to air, water and soil in order to minimize their adverse impacts on human health
and the environment

Adjusted SDG indicator 12.4.2: Proportion of hazardous waste treated

Year Baseline (2018) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030)
Indicator value Proportion Proportion Proportion
treated: 7 treated: 15 treated: 30

Target 12.5: By 2030 substantially reduce waste generation through prevention, reduction or recycling
and reuse

SDG indicator: 12.5.1: Recycling rate, tons of materials recycled

Year Baseline (2018) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030)
Indicator value 4.000 t or 1% of 10% 35%
generated waste

Target 12.6: Encourage companies, especially large and international companies, to adopt sustainable
practices and integrate sustainability information in their reporting cycle

SDG indicator 12.6.1: Number of companies publishing their sustainability reports

Year Baseline (2019) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030)
Indicator value 2 30 150
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SDG 13: TAKE URGENT ACTION TO COMBAT

CLIMATE CHANGE AND ITS IMPACTS

Target 13.1: Strengthen adaptive capacity and resilience to climate related hazards and natural disasters
in all countries

SDG indicator 13.1.2: Percentage of local governments with their adopted disaster risk reduction strate-
gies in line with Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030
Year Baseline (2020) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030)
Indicator value ND 50% 90%
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SDG 15: PROTECT, PRESERVE AND PROMOTE SUSTAINABLE

USE OF TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS, SUSTAINABLE FOREST
MANAGEMENT, COMBAT DESERTIFICATION AND HALT AND
REVERSE SOIL DEGRADATION AND HALT BIODIVERSITY LOSS

Target 15.1: By 2030 ensure the conservation, restoration and sustainable use of terrestrial inland
freshwater ecosystems and their environments, in particular forests, wetlands, mountains, and drylands,
in line with obligations under international agreements

Alternative SDG indicator 15.1.2.a: Preservation of biodiversity (%)

Year Baseline (2015) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030)
Clean water (15.1.2.a) 67 90 100
Land (15.1.2.b) 18 35 50

Alternative SDG indicator 15.1.2.b: Percentage of protected areas (%)

Year Baseline (2013) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030)
Indicator value 2,07 7,00 17,00

Alternative SDG indicator 15.1.2.c: Number of mine suspected areas

Year Baseline (2019) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030)
Indicator value 478 350 300
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SDG 16: PROMOTE PEACEFUL AND INCLUSIVE SOCIETIES

FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, PROVIDE ACCESS TO
JUSTICE FOR ALL AND BUILD EFFECTIVE, ACCOUNTABLE
AND INCLUSIVE INSTITUTIONS AT ALL LEVELS

Target 16.1: Significantly reduce all forms of violence and related death rates

Adjusted SDG indicator 16.1.1: Intentional homicide per 100.000 population

Year Baseline (2016) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030)
Total 1,3 1,2 1,0
Men 1,7 1,6 1,4
Women 0,8 0,6 0,6

Target 16.6: Develop effective, accountable and transparent institutions at all levels

Alternative indicator 16.6.1: Worldwide governance indicators

Year Baseline (2019) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030)
Voice and accountability 39,0 55,0 65,0
Political stability and absence of violence/terrorism 30,5 50,0 63,0
Effectiveness of government 28,9 50,0 58,0
Regulation quality 47,0 55,0 70,0
Rule of law 22,0 48,0 53,0
Corruption control 30,3 48,0 55,0

SDG indicator 16.6.2: Proportion of population satisfied with their last experience of public services
Year Baseline (2013) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030)
Indicator value 38,1 50,0 70,0

Alternative indicator 16.6.3: Credit rating (S&P)

Year Baseline (2018) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030)
Indicator value B B+ BB
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SDG 17: STRENGTHEN THE MEANS OF IMPLEMENTATION

AND REVITALIZE THE GLOBAL PARTNERSHIP FOR SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT

Target 17.19: By 2030 build on existing initiatives to develop measurements of progress on sustainable
development, that complements measurement of gross domestic products and support statistical
capacity building

Alternative SDG indicator 17.19.2: Strengthening statistical systems

Year Baseline (2018) Mid-term (2023) Target (2030)

a) Methodological assessment of statistical capacities (scale 70,0 75,0 90,0
0-100)
b) Assessment of periodicity and timeliness of statistical capaci- 66,7 70,0 80,0
ties (scale 0-100)
c) Source data assessment of statistical capacities (scale 0-100) 70,0 75,0 90,0
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 This publication has been published within the SDGs Roll-out Support and Private
Sector Engagement project, which is funded by Sweden and implemented by United
Nations Development Programme in Bosnia and Herzegovina (UNDP in BiH).

The content of this publication does not necessarily reflect the views of the
Government of Sweden or the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP).