18NebRailroadingAcrossNebraska

byMatthewCampbell Copyright20062009.AllRightsReserved

TableofContents
1 Introduction..................................................................................................................1
1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Game Components................................................................................................................1 Setting Up the Game.............................................................................................................1 How to Win...........................................................................................................................1 Player Etiquette.....................................................................................................................1

2 Game Phases.................................................................................................................2 3 The Stock Market.........................................................................................................2

3.1 Shares, Certificates, and Limits.............................................................................................2 3.2 Movement of Stock Prices....................................................................................................3

4 Sequence of Play...........................................................................................................3
4.1 Initial Stock Round...............................................................................................................3 4.2 Private Companies................................................................................................................4 4.3 Stock Round..........................................................................................................................5
4.3.1 4.3.2 4.3.3 4.3.4 Selling Stock......................................................................................................................................5 Buying Stock......................................................................................................................................5 Starting a Corporation........................................................................................................................5 Ending the Stock Round.....................................................................................................................6

4.4 Formation of Corporations....................................................................................................6 4.5 Operating Round...................................................................................................................6

4.5.1 4.5.2 4.5.3 4.5.4 4.5.5 4.5.6 4.5.7 4.5.8 Purchase a Private Company..............................................................................................................7 Lay or Upgrade Track........................................................................................................................7 Additional Token Placement..............................................................................................................8 Train Operation and Earnings Calculation.........................................................................................8 Dividend Payment..............................................................................................................................9 Share Price Adjustment......................................................................................................................9 Train Purchase....................................................................................................................................9 Local Railway Corporations...............................................................................................................9 4.4.1 Local Railway Corporations...............................................................................................................6 4.4.2 Change in Presidency.........................................................................................................................6

4.6 Mandatory Train Purchase....................................................................................................9

4.6.1 Train Purchases from Other Corporations..........................................................................................9 4.6.2 Emergency Money Raising................................................................................................................9 4.6.3 Bankruptcy.......................................................................................................................................10

5 6 7 8

Ending the Game........................................................................................................10 Designer's Notes.........................................................................................................10 Conflicts and Errata...................................................................................................10 Acknowledgments, Credits and Copyright Notices.................................................11

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18Neb: Railroading Across Nebraska

ture Trains" stack to the "Available Trains" space. For each Corporation, place the share certificates on the appropriate space of its charter with the President's Certificate on top, except for the Union Pacific Presidents Certificate which goes with the corresponding Private Company. Sort the Bank into denominations and place it near the play area within easy reach of the players. Distribute money to each player as shown below. Number of Players Initial Cash 2 $650 3 $450 4 $350

1 Introduction
Cross-references within the rules are denoted by square brackets [2.2] refers the reader to section 2.2 for additional information about the topic under discussion.
The cover photo is a Union Pacific 4-8-8-4 "Big Boy" steam locomotive, number #4023, currently on display at Lauritzen Gardens in Omaha, NE. On December 3, 1863, Union Pacific turned the first shovel of dirt at Omaha's ferry landing, about two miles north of where #4023 is currently on display. The Civil War prevented real progress until 1865. It would take four years for the UP to connect to the Central Pacific Railroad at Promontory Summit, Utah. On May 10, 1869, four symbolic spikes (two gold, one silver, one of iron, silver, and gold) were driven to complete the first transcontinental railroad. In 1868, Omaha was selected as the site for the Missouri River bridge, and its completion in 1872 ensured that Omaha would be the region's largest city. 18Neb is an "18xx" game set in the state of Nebraska. 18Neb is a small game inspired by 18VA, 18FL, 18GA and 18AL. It is intended to be an alternative to some of the longer and larger games while still providing interesting decisions and tension.. It supports 2 to 4 players.

Randomly determine the move order for the Initial Stock Round using the small cards numbered 1 (Priority Deal) through 4. These cards should be retained by the players; as they will be used throughout the game but will be redistributed several times.

1.3 How to Win

Players win by having the highest net worth at the end of the game. Cash on hand and stock shares owned add to net worth. Corporation capital and other Corporation-owned assets, such as trains, neither add to nor subtract from net worth.

1.4 Player Etiquette

Players should attempt to speed play as much as possible. In particular, determining what share to buy or what tile to lay or upgrade is best done during another player's turn. A player must disclose his current cash and the current capital of any Corporation he controls upon request by another player. Both player cash and Corporation capital should be piled neatly in front of the player (in the case of personal cash) or in the Treasury section of the Corporation Charter. Corporation trains should also be neatly displayed in the train section of the Corporation Charter. Each player should display his owned Certificates neatly in front of him and must reveal his holdings in a Corporation upon request. Corporate transactions are public knowledge, whether conducted between a Corporation and the Bank, a Corporation and a player, or two Corporations. Players may engage in public, oral discussions and enter into public, oral agreements. Such discussions should be reasonably brief in order to speed play. Performance is not enforceable except by moral suasion: a player who has performed an action under such an agreement in the anticipation of future action by his partner has no other recourse if

1.1 Game Components

The game includes a Map; a Stock Market chart; Corporation charters; share certificates representing Corporation ownership; Private Company cards; train cards, each representing a train; track tiles; markers, mostly representing station tokens; small cards that are used for various administrative or informational functions; a tile manifest, and six thousand dollars ($6,000) in various denominations, which represents the amount of money in the Bank.

1.2 Setting Up the Game

Lay the Map and Stock Market flat between the players. Place the Round Marker in the Turn Order space marked "SR" (short for Stock Round). Separate and sort the Corporation charters, share certificates, Private Companies, train cards, track tiles, and tokens. Put the Corporation charters, Private Companies, their tokens, and the Presidents Certificate of the Union Pacific R.R. near the play area. Arrange the trains in a stack in order with the least costly (2+2) on top and the most costly (4D) on the bottom. Place the train stack in the space below the Stock Market marked "Future Trains". Whenever the "Available Trains" space is empty (including now), move all of the type of train on top of the "Fu-

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his partner reneges on the agreement. Secret discussions or agreements, whether oral or written, are prohibited. Phase 4D: the first 4D-train purchase
4+4 trains rust All tiles are available

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2 Game Phases
18Neb proceeds through a series of Phases, which affect which tiles may be played, which trains are rusted or available, how many trains Corporations may own, and the status of Private Companies. Each Phase is named after the train type which becomes newly available in that phase, and lasts until the next phase is triggered. A new phase comes into effect immediately upon the purchase of the triggering train type, and any effects from earlier phases remain unless overridden. Phase 2: active at the start of the game
2+2 trains are available for purchase Yellow tiles are available A Ten-Share Corporation may own at most 4

3 The Stock Market

The Stock Market shows the current value of each Corporation's stock. The values shown are the amount represented by a single share. The highlighted spaces represent the possible Starting Values for new Corporations: $70, $75, $82, $90 and $100.

3.1 Shares, Certificates, and Limits

There are important distinctions between shares and share Certificates. A single share of a Corporation is equivalent to ten percent of a Corporation for Ten-Share Companies and twenty percent of a Corporation for Five-Share Local Railway Companies. The President's Certificate represents twenty percent of a Corporation for Ten-Share companies and forty percent of a Corporation for Five-Share Local Railway Companies. For the purposes of share ownership in a Corporation, only the percentage of ownership as represented by shares is relevant. For the purposes of Certificate limits, only the number of Certificates held is relevant. Each Private Company is considered a Certificate. Players are limited to owning Certificates (not shares) in accordance with the following table: Number of Players Certificate Limit 2 26 3 17 4 13

trains
The Morison Bridge private may be purchased

by a corporation for exactly $40

Off-Map areas are worth the yellow value

Phase 3: the first 3+3-train purchase

Yellow and green tiles are available Corporations may purchase private companies

P1-P4 for between 50% and 150% of the face value, or P5 for between 50% and 100% of face value 4+4-train purchase

Off-Map areas are worth the green value

Phase 4: the first

2+2

trains rust [4.5.7]

A Ten-Share Corporation may own at most 3

Note: The Number of players represents the actual number in the game, which can change because of the bankruptcy of one or more players. Players are limited to owning sixty percent (60%) of a Ten-Share Company's stock. This means the player is limited to the President's Certificate and up to four single-share certificates. There is no limit on ownership of a Five-Share Local Railway Company. Two-player note: As an optional rule in the two-player game only, allow up to seventy percent (70%) ownership in each Ten Share Corporation. A player may not sell a share of stock if the sale would have the result of putting more than fifty percent (50%) of that Corporation's stock in the Pool. In particular, a Five-Share Local Railway Company may never have more than two shares (40%) in the

trains Phase 5: the first 5/7-train purchase

All private companies close (tokens remain) Yellow, green, and brown tiles are available Off-Map areas are worth the brown value Local Railway Corporations become available

[4.4.1] Phase 6: the first 6/8-train purchase

3+3-trains rust All private company tokens are removed 4D-trains are available Corporations may own at most 2 trains

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Pool. A Corporation's Treasury may hold up to eighty percent (80%) of its stock. A President's Certificate may never be sold and, consequently, may never enter the Pool. It may, however, be transferred to another player as a result of stock sales. A player who owns a President's Certificate may only sell sufficient shares to transfer it if another player (not the Pool or the Corporation's Treasury) owns at least two shares. All adjustments in share holdings are made concurrently: hence, a player who owns a President's Certificate may always sell a number of shares sufficient to transfer the President's Certificate while leaving himself with exactly one share provided the sale is otherwise legal.

18Neb: Railroading Across Nebraska

Corporation shown on the Stock Chart, its share price remains unchanged, and it retains its relative position in a stack of tokens.

4 Sequence of Play
4.1 Initial Stock Round
The Initial Stock Round differs from subsequent Stock Rounds in that the Private Companies may be bought from the Bank, and, indeed, must all be bought before any other stock may be purchased. In addition, the player order is re-evaluated and may change once these items have all been sold. Before the Initial Stock Round the Private Companies and the Presidents Certificate 20% share of the Union Pacific R.R. are placed on or near the map. Starting with the player who has the Priority Deal card, each player may bid on any of the items on offer or pass. Bidding is done in multiples of $5, starting at the face value of the item, and each subsequent bid must be at least $5 greater than the last bid. A player may make an initial bid greater than the face value of an item and may bid more than $5 above the previous bids, but all bids must be multiples of $5. A player may never bid more in total than his remaining cash. When a player bids, he must set aside an amount of his cash equal to the value of his bid: he may not make bids which would exceed his remaining cash. However, if a player is outbid by another, the money set aside by the earlier player may be reused for other purchases or bids: only the player with the current high bid on each item must keep the funds for his bid set aside. Players continue to bid until all have passed consecutively (note that this round of passes does not end the stock round). If all items have bids, each item is sold to the high bidder at the price he bid. If any items have not been bid on, the face value of each is reduced by $10 for the purposes of the auction. Items with bids are paid for and taken by their high bidders. The auction then continues. If all players consecutively pass again, whether immediately or later, the face value of each remaining item without a bid is further reduced by $10 and the high bidders again take whatever they have bid on. If any item's face value becomes zero, the player with the Priority Deal card wins that item for $0. The auction now continues normally, with players having the opportunity to make bids on any item, until

3.2 Movement of Stock Prices

Share prices move as a result of several factors:
If a player or Corporation sells one or more

shares during a single Turn of the Stock Round, the share price of the Corporation moves down one row in price for every share sold.

If at the conclusion of the Stock Round all of a

Corporation's shares are owned by players, the share price of the Corporation moves up one row. If it is already on the top row, the share price marker is moved right one column and down one row. If it is already in the top-right corner, it does not move. ings or its earnings are zero, its share price is moved one column to the left.

If a Corporation Operates and withholds its earn-

If a Corporation Operates and declares a total

Dividend (as described in [4.5.5] below) which is equal to or greater than the current share price of the Corporation, its share price moves one column to the right.

If a share price is required to be moved left or right but cannot do so because it is at the end of a row, it is moved down or up, respectively, following the arrow. If a share price should be moved down but there is insufficient room for the full drop, it is moved to the bottom row in its column; if it is already on the bottom row, it does not move, and retains its relative position in a stack of tokens. If a Corporation's token must be placed in a space which one or more other Corporations' tokens already occupy, it is placed at the bottom of the stack of tokens. This is true of Starting Value token placement as well as token movement for the reasons described above. If a Corporation Operates and declares a Dividend which is less than the current market value of the

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all items have bids and there has been a complete round of consecutive passes. Once all bids have been paid and the Private companies distributed, each player reveals his remaining cash. The player who has the most cash receives the Priority Deal card, and the other players receive increasingly numbered cards in decreasing order of cash. Ties are broken by original order number. Once the new priority order has been determined, players continue with the Initial Stock Round and may buy stock in accordance with the normal rules, starting with the current holder of the Priority Deal card. P1 - Denver Pacific Railroad
Face value $20, revenue $5

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Once per game, allows Corporation owner to lay

or upgrade a tile in B8, in addition to and either before or after its normal tile lay(s). This action does not close the private company and must conform to the tile placement rules.
No tile may be laid on B8 until Phase 3

P2 - Morison Bridging Company

Face value $40, revenue $10 May be purchased by a Corporation during

phase 2 for exactly $40.

Corporation owner gets two bridge discount to-

4.2 Private Companies

Private Companies represent various corporations pertinent to railroading in Nebraska. Private Companies enter play when players buy them from the Bank during the Initial Stock Round. Once bought, Private Companies remain in the possession of the buying player until closed, unless bought by a Corporation. Starting in Phase 3, a Corporation President who owns one or more Private Companies may buy any Private Company from his holdings for any price ranging from 50 percent to 150 percent of the printed face value of the Private Company. If a Private Company is bought from a player in this way, it remains in the possession of the buying Corporation until the Private Company closes. Private Companies provide revenue to the owning player or Corporation. Once bought by a Corporation, Private Companies also provide special powers that are described below. The Corporation that owns the Private Company may exercise these special powers during the appropriate phase of the Corporation's turn in the Operating Round. This may close the Private Company. All remaining Private Companies close immediately on the purchase of the first 5 train. Any special powers that have not been exercised up to that point are lost. Starting in Phase 3, a Corporation may buy one or more Private Companies from its President during the Corporations Operating Round. The amount paid must be at least 50%, and no more than 150%, of the Private Company's face value (P5 with a maximum of 100%, P6 may not be purchased by a Corporation). A Corporation owning a Private Company may exercise its special power during the appropriate phase of the Corporation's Operating Round.

kens, each of which will offset up to $60 of bridge building in a single OR (no "change" is given for smaller expenditures). Use of the second discount token or the purchase of the first 5/7-train closes this private. A Corporation owner keeps unused discount tokens until the purchase of the first 6/8-train. P3 - Amour and Company
Face value $70, revenue $15 An owning Corporation may place a cattle token

in any Town or City (but not a red Off-Map Area) during its token placement step. Once placed, the token may not be moved, but may be converted from an Open token to a Closed token. The owning Corporation always gets a $20 bonus for the selected Town or City. If the token is placed as an Closed token (or converted from an Open Token), the private is closed immediately. Otherwise, any other Corporation gets a $10 bonus for the selected Town or City. This token is NOT a station token for the owning Corporation. P4 - Central Pacific Railroad
Face value $100, revenue $15 No tile may be placed in C7 until phase 3. In lieu of a stock purchase during a Stock Round,

the owning player may exchange this private company (which closes it) for a share of the Colorado and Southern Railway, if available. The C&S receives its current Stock Price from the Bank if the share was taken from its Treasury. P5 - Crdit Mobilier
Face value $130, revenue $5/tile If purchased by a Corporation, the purchase

price may not be more than face value.

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The owner receives $5 each time ANY tile is

18Neb: Railroading Across Nebraska

Round. As many shares of the Corporations stock may be sold as desired but once a Corporation has sold stock, it may not buy stock for the remainder of the current Stock Round. Stock is sold into the Pool at the current market value shown on the Stock Market. When selling more than one share of stock in a single Corporation, the value received from the Bank is the same for all shares sold. The share price of the sold Corporation moves down a number of rows equal to the total number of shares of that Corporation sold, or to the bottom row in its column, whichever is less. Players may not choose to sell multiple shares of a single Corporation's stock as multiple transactions in the same turn of a Stock Round.

placed or upgraded, regardless of which Corporation laid it.

In lieu of a stock purchase during a Stock Round,

the owning player may exchange this private company (which closes it) for a share of the Union Pacific Railroad, if available. The UP receives its current Stock Price from the Bank if the share was taken from its Treasury.

P6 - Union Pacific Railroad

Face value $170, revenue $25 Comes with the President's Certificate of the

Union Pacific Railroad Corporation. The purchaser immediately sets the Stock Price to a legal starting value and the UP receives twice its Stock Price from the Bank.

4.3.2 Buying Stock

After selling all the shares he wishes to sell, a player may then buy one Certificate. He may buy any certificate available in a Corporation's Treasury or in the Pool, subject to Corporation share limits and Certificate limits. Once a player has bought stock, he may not sell any more stock that turn. Stock purchased is bought at current market value, whether purchased from the Pool or from a Corporation's Treasury. When stock is bought from the Pool, the money is paid to the Bank. When stock is bought from a Corporation's Treasury, the money is paid to the Corporation Treasury. Instead of buying stock for his personal holdings a President may choose to have his Corporation buy a share of its stock from the Pool or from a player at the current stock price. This will be the one Certificate allowed per turn in a Stock Round. If bought from a player, the player must agree to the sale. It is not permitted for this purchase to cause a change in Presidency, though subsequent purchases or sales by the President or other players might. For as long as the Corporation has money it may continue to buy shares (one per stock turn) from players or the Pool. When a Corporation's stock is purchased for the first time, the President's Certificate must be the first Certificate purchased. A player may never purchase a certificate that would cause him to exceed either his total Certificate Limit (even momentarily, pending a change of Presidency) or the 60% holding limit in an individual Ten-Share Corporation. There are no other restrictions on stock purchases from the Pool or from a Corporation's Treasury.

Closes when the UP buys its first train. May not be purchased by a Corporation.

4.3 Stock Round

During a Stock Round, players may sell and then buy stock. The player with the Priority Deal card takes the first turn. Turns proceed in accordance with the move order determined at the end of the previous Stock Round (this is also referred to as "Stock Round order") until all players have consecutively passed. The First Pass card is given to the first player to pass. As the other players pass they receive the Second Pass card, and the Third Pass card in order. If a player passes and then acts in some subsequent turn, he surrenders his pass order card, and all other players with higher-numbered pass order cards take the pass card with the next lower number. This will control the order in the next Stock Round.

4.3.1 Selling Stock

During each of his turns in the Stock Round, a player may sell as many shares of stock as he wishes, subject to the limitations on Pool holding. However, stock of Corporations that have not completed a full turn in an Operating Round may not be sold (exception, [4.6.2]). Once a player has sold stock of a particular Corporation the player may not buy stock in that Corporation for the remainder of the current Stock Round. Players may sell shares of different Corporations in any order they choose. Instead of selling his own stock a President may choose to sell shares of the Corporations stock to the Pool. This counts as a sell action by the player, except that it does not prohibit the player from buying stock in the Corporation later in the Stock

4.3.3 Starting a Corporation

When a player buys a President's Certificate, he declares the Starting Value of the stock, placing a token in the appropriate Starting Value (highlighted)

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space on the Stock Market underneath any other tokens in that space. He then pays twice the Starting Value to the Corporation's Treasury.

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(without changing the Stock Price). In essence, they will receive 100% funding if at least five shares are sold prior to operation; otherwise, they will finish their funding in the stock round in which their fifth share is sold. They still commence operations on the sale of the Presidents Certificate.

4.3.4 Ending the Stock Round

The Priority Deal card is given to the player with the First Pass card.. Each other player receives the corresponding numbered card in order. This will control the move order in the next Stock Round. Once all players have passed the share prices of the Ten Share Corporations are adjusted, if necessary, and the next set of Operating Rounds begins. First Pass, Second Pass, and Third Pass cards are provided to help players keep track of pass order during the Stock Round.

4.4.1 Local Railway Corporations

Two new Corporations are available beginning in Phase 5:

OLB - Omaha, Lincoln & Beatrice NRI - NebKota

4.4 Formation of Corporations

Ten-Share Companies have ten shares available: the President's Certificate, worth twenty percent of the Corporation, and eight shares in single certificates, each worth ten percent of the Corporation. Five-Share Local Railway Companies [4.4.1] have five shares available: the President's Certificate, worth forty percent of the Corporation, and three shares in single certificates, each worth twenty percent of the Corporation. The player declares which Corporation he will start, sets the Starting Value of the Corporation on the Stock Market, and buys the President's Certificate from the Corporation's Treasury for twice the Starting Value. This starts the Corporation: no additional stock need be purchased, and the Corporation operates normally in the ensuing Operating Round. The Corporation Charter and an appropriate number of station tokens (as pictured on the Corporation or Charter) are given to the Corporation President. The Corporations unsold shares are placed in its Treasury. The President then places the Corporation's base token in the appropriate home station hex. The Ten-Share Corporations that may enter play are as follows:

They are Local Railway Corporations with five shares available, each worth 20% of the company. The Presidents certificate, which represents two shares and 40% of the company, must be sold first. Each Local Railway Corporation comes with its base token, which is placed when the Presidents certificate is purchased, and one $40 token. The home hex of each Local Railway Corporation is upgraded immediately to its brown version, if this has not already been done, to facilitate placement of the base token. The Local Railways are only allowed to own rusted train types. They may voluntarily discard a train to buy a bigger one, but only if they have the funds to purchase the newer train. At no time may a Local Railway discard a train if it would force it into Emergency Money Raising to buy a train. It may not discard a train and then buy another of the same number.

4.4.2 Change in Presidency

The President of a Corporation is the player who owns the most shares of the Corporation. If two or more players are tied for most shares owned, the player who currently owns the President's Certificate is the President. If at any time the President owns fewer shares of a Corporation than another player, he must exchange the President's Certificate for two single share certificates owned by the other player. The new President receives the Corporation charter and all assets of the Corporation. If two or more players are eligible to become President and have an equal number of shares, the player whose turn is the earliest (among those tied) using Stock Round rules becomes the new President.

CBQ - Chicago Burlington & Quincy CNW - Chicago & Northwestern DRG - Denver & Rio Grande MP - Missouri Pacific C&S -Colorado & Southern UP - Union Pacific

4.5 Operating Round

After each Stock Round, there are two Operating Rounds. Each Operating Round begins with revenue collection from open Private Companies. This revenue is paid from the Bank to the owner of the Pri-

Ten-Share Corporations that begin in Phase 5 receive an additional five times their Starting Value from the bank when their fifth share is sold and place their last five shares into the Pool at that time

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vate Company (exception: Crdit Mobilier pays its owner during Corporation Operating Rounds), whether a player or a Corporation. After revenues from Private Companies have been paid, each Corporation that has started operates in descending order of its Stock Market position. Corporations whose stock tokens are at the same price but in different spaces of the Stock Market operate in order from rightmost to leftmost. Corporations whose stock tokens are stacked in a single space on the Stock Market operate in order from top to bottom. The operating order is determined dynamically: that is, after a Corporation has operated, the next Corporation is the one which has not operated this round and whose price is then highest (furthest right, on top). Exception: Corporate operation in the very first operating round (only) is done in reverse stock price order, starting with the corporation with the lowest stock price and then the others in ascending order. If several corporations have the same stock price,the corporation whose marker is on top still operates first, proceeding downwards through all the markers in that price space normally. A Corporation's Operating Round includes all of the actions described below, although some of these actions are optional and may not be available in all Phases of the game. Each Corporation operates once during each Operating Round. When all Corporations have operated, players begin a new Operating Round or a new Stock Round, depending on the number of Operating Rounds just concluded. Corporations must conduct their operations in strict conformance to the order described below, except that purchasing a Private company may be done at any time during the operating Corporations turn. The special powers may be exercised during the appropriate phase of the operating Corporation's turn.

18Neb: Railroading Across Nebraska

4.5.2 Lay or Upgrade Track
Each Corporation may place one yellow tile each turn and may also place another yellow tile or upgrade a tile if in the appropriate Phase. Players lay track by placing tiles on the map or upgrading previously placed tiles. At first, only yellow tiles may be placed. Starting in Phase 3, Corporations may upgrade yellow tiles to green tiles. Starting in Phase 5, Corporations may upgrade green tiles to brown tiles. Starting in Phase 4D, Corporations may upgrade brown tiles to grey tiles. The cost to place tiles that cross a river is printed on the relevant hexes in white hexagons and must be paid when the tile is placed. The Morison Bridging Co. discount may be used during this action. At each turn a Corporation may place one yellow tile and place another tile, which may be an upgrade. Since these tiles may be placed in either order, it is possible to upgrade a tile and then place a yellow tile that extends from the upgrade. Further, it is possible to place a yellow tile and immediately upgrade it. Tiles must always be upgraded progressively: green tiles may only replace yellow tiles, brown tiles may only replace green tiles, and gray tiles may only replace brown tiles. It is possible for a yellow tile to be blocked from being upgraded to a brown tile because of the lack of the intervening green tile upgrade. The general rule for both tile placement and tile upgrade is that the new track created must extend a legal route [4.5.4] of any length for the operating Corporation. A City tile reachable from a token of the operating Corporation may always be upgraded if otherwise legal. Once placed, a tile becomes part of the Map and is only removed if it is upgraded to another tile. Tiles removed from the map are available for placement elsewhere in a later action. In addition, the following restrictions apply:
Tiles may not be placed or upgraded in such a

4.5.1 Purchase a Private Company

This may be done starting in Phase 3 (exception: Morison Bridging Company) for a purchase price to the owner of between 50% and 150% of face value (exception: Crdit Mobilier, Union Pacific ). A Corporation may do this at any time during its operations, more than once if desired. The Private Company must be owned by the President of the Corporation doing the purchasing. Once a private is owned by a Corporation it will remain on that Corporations charter until it closes.

fashion as to cause any new track to run to the blank side of an impassable (grey) hex or red Off-Map Area, or off the edge of the map.
The progression of tiles on hexes with dots is to

lay yellow town tiles with hashes first, then upgrade these to green "city" tiles, brown city tiles, and ultimately grey city tiles.
The home hexes of the Central Pacific Railroad

(C7) and the Denver Pacific Railroad (B8) may not have tiles placed on them until phase 3 begins.

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Tiles may not be placed or upgraded in such a

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A legal route may not use any track segment

fashion as to preclude any Corporation that has not yet operated from creating a legal route on which it could score revenue using currently available tiles and upgrades.
Certain hexes may have only certain green,

more than once. The junction at the middle of a green or brown plain track tile is not considered part of any track segment.
A legal route may not run more than once to the

brown and grey tiles placed on them. These are indicated by the name of the City printed on the tile. The tiles placed on such hexes may then only be upgraded to other tiles with the same City name. No tiles other than those specified may be used to upgrade these hexes, and the specified tiles may not be used to upgrade any other hexes. Refer to the tile manifest to see all available upgrades. and track existing prior to the upgrade. The old tile is removed from the map and may subsequently be used again unless it is a named City tile.

same Town, City, or Off-Map Area. In addition, a legal route may not include both North Chicago and South Chicago. Off-Map Areas with arrows may only be at the ends of a route.
A legal route may run to, but not through, a City

that is completely filled with other Corporations' station tokens.

Upgraded tiles must maintain all connections

There are three different categories of trains: Regular, Express, and Freight. The three categories of train score revenue differently: Regular trains, labeled n+m, may count a total of n+m stops, at most n of which may be Cities or Off-Map Areas. No stops may be skipped.
Express trains, labeled n/m, may visit at most

4.5.3 Additional Token Placement

A Corporation may place a Station Token, if it has one available, in any city circle to which it has a legal route that does not already contain a Station Token and is not reserved. The Armour & Company token may be placed on the board or flipped to its Closed side at this time. A Corporation may not place a Station Token in a city circle in a City tile which already has a Station Token for that Corporation. The cost of such a Station Token placement is $40 for the first such token placed and $100 for any additional tokens that a Corporation places, if it has any more. The Corporation must immediately pay the Bank the requisite amount from its Treasury.

m Cities, Towns, and Off-Map Areas, but only the n best stops are counted.
Freight trains, labeled 4D, ignore Towns en-

tirely and may skip any number of stops to count the 4 best. The total value of the run, including any bonuses, is then doubled.

If a trains route includes both an E Off-Map Area and a W Off-Map Area then one stop on the route is doubled, including any bonus token at that stop.
Trains may not use track used by any of the Cor-

poration's other trains in the same Operating Round, except for junctions. Different trains may, however, run to or through the same Towns, Cities, or Off-Map Areas provided they do not reuse any track used by the other train.
The route value is equal to the sum of the values

4.5.4 Train Operation and Earnings Calculation

A Corporation that owns one or more trains now operates them and calculates the resulting earnings. A Corporation must calculate the maximum possible earnings using all its trains (not necessarily the maximum possible earnings for any particular train if more than one train is owned). Earnings are calculated as follows:
Each train must operate on a legal route. A legal

of all Station Tokens, Towns, Cities, Armour Company Token, and Off-Map Areas included in the route and counted by the train, plus the E-W bonus if applicable. This resulting sum is doubled for 4D trains.

Examples:
a 2+2 train could run a route that began in Om-

route consists of a continuous unbranched length of track which includes a City or Off-Map Area containing a Station Token of the Corporation (not necessarily at the beginning or end of the route). In order to score revenue, the route must also include one or more other Towns, Cities, or Off-Map Areas (which may contain additional Station Tokens of the Corporation).

aha and went to Lincoln and Grand Island, which is currently a town. The revenue would be the sum of the current value of Omaha and Lincoln plus 10 for Grand Island.

a 5/7 train could run a route that began in

Chicago South and continued through Omaha, Lincoln, Grand Island, Kearney, and North Platte,, ending in Pacific Northwest. The run value would be the total of the 5 best stops vis-

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ited, doubling one of them since the run included both an E and a W Off-Map Area.
a 4D train could run a route that visited Omaha,

18Neb: Railroading Across Nebraska

See [4.6.1] for train purchases from another Corporation. Trains are purchased from the Bank in the order they appear at the top of the train stack. At the beginning of the game, the next train available is a 2+2 train. When a Corporation buys a new train, it must purchase the topmost train in the train stack. Other than the Train Limit, there are no restrictions on buying trains from the Bank, Pool, or other TenShare Corporations. Once the first 6/8 train has been bought, this rule is no longer in effect: 4D trains become immediately available (concurrently with the second 6/8 train).

Lincoln, Beatrice, and Kansas City. The resulting total would then be doubled to calculate the final revenue of the run. The Corporation earnings are equal to the sum of the value of all the Corporation's train routes. The Corporation earnings per share are one-tenth of the Corporation earnings for a Ten-Share Company and one-fifth of the Corporation earnings for a FiveShare Company.

4.5.5 Dividend Payment

A Corporation may pay out, split, or withhold its earnings as a Dividend. If the Corporation pays out its Dividend, the Bank pays each player the earnings per share, multiplied by the number of shares owned by the player. Shares in the Corporation Treasury pay dividends to the Corporation. Shares in the Pool do not pay Dividends. If a Corporation Splits its Dividends, the Corporation pays half the money to the Shareholders and retains the rest in its Treasury. Rounding of split Dividends is done to the nearest $10 in favor of the Shareholders. If the Corporation withholds its Dividend, the Bank pays the entire Corporation earnings to the Corporation Treasury.

4.5.8 Local Railway Corporations

Train types that have rusted are available to Local Railways and are the only trains they may own, and are permanent. They may only be owned by Local Railways.

4.6 Mandatory Train Purchase

Each Corporation must own a train at the end of its turn in the current Operating Round if it has a legal run. If it has sufficient funds in its Treasury, it may buy any train or trains that are available from the Bank, the Pool, or another Corporation as long as the same player is President of both, subject to the limitations above. If a Corporation must buy a train and has insufficient funds to buy a more expensive train from the Bank, but sufficient funds to buy a less expensive train from the Bank or Pool, it may choose to perform an Emergency Money Raising step [4.6.2] to buy the more expensive train.

4.5.6 Share Price Adjustment

The Corporation's Current Market Value token is adjusted according the rules in section [3.2].

4.5.7 Train Purchase

If the Corporation has fewer trains than the current Train Limit, it may purchase a train from the Bank, from the Pool, or from another Corporation. To purchase a train from the Bank or the Pool, it must pay the purchase price of the available train it wishes to buy to the Bank from its Treasury. If the purchase of a train causes a Phase change, any required actions are taken immediately, after which the operating Corporation may purchase additional trains, up to the current Train Limit. If the Phase change causes some trains to rust, all Corporations, including the one operating, must discard any newly rusted trains. If the Phase change includes a reduction in the Train Limit, all Corporations, including the one operating, must discard any trains in excess of the Train Limit to the Pool. The President decides which trains to discard. Discarded trains may be purchased by other companies.

4.6.1 Train Purchases from Other Corporations

The President may purchase a train from another Corporation of which he is also President. This can be for as little as $1 or as much as all its remaining cash. If the Corporation purchasing the train has no money at all, the President may use his cash on hand to make the purchase, paying the other Corporation up to the face value of the train to be purchased. However, he may not sell stock to raise additional cash; the maximum he may contribute is the actual cash he has on hand at the moment of purchase. At no time may a Corporation buy a train from another Corporation having a different President.

4.6.2 Emergency Money Raising

If a Corporation does not have a train and lacks sufficient funds to buy its choice of train from the Bank or the Pool, the Corporation President must make up the difference from his own cash. If he has insufficient cash on hand, he must sell sufficient stock to

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raise the difference. The President may sell any stock he wishes (in any order) to raise the required amount, subject to the normal limitations on stock sales. Stock in the currently operating Corporation may be sold even if it has not completed a full turn in an Operating Round, but the President may not sell sufficient stock to cause a change in presidency. He may, however, cause a change in presidency of any other Corporation.

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after a further complete set of Operating Rounds. Players and Corporations continue to receive all revenues earned during the final set of Operating Rounds. If necessary, players may use money from another source or record the amounts on paper. At the conclusion of the final Operating Round players determine their net worth as follows:
Calculate the total value of all shares of stock

4.6.3 Bankruptcy
If, after selling all the stock he is legally permitted to sell, the President cannot raise sufficient cash to buy any train (not just the one he was hoping to raise enough money for), he is bankrupt. His remaining stock holdings are placed in the Pool (for the purposes of this rule, the Pool may contain more than 50 percent of a Corporation, and the share price remains unaffected), any Private Companies he owns are discarded, and he is eliminated from the game. The Presidency of any of his controlled Corporations is transferred to the next eligible player. If no such player exists (i.e., if no player holds two shares of one of the affected Corporations), the Corporation is closed and all its shares are removed without compensation. Its Station Tokens are removed from the map and any trains it owns are placed in the Pool and become available for purchase. Any Private Companies owned by the Corporation are discarded. Any special power tokens are removed from both the Corporation and (where applicable) the map and discarded as well. The Corporation's shares are returned to the Corporation Treasury, and it may subsequently reenter play as a new Corporation. If the Presidency of the Corporation for which the bankrupt player was buying a train is transferred in this manner, its Treasury will contain the total amount raised by the now bankrupt President during his Emergency Money Raising. The new President must complete the Emergency Money Raising using his own resources and buy a train for the Corporation. The Certificate limit is adjusted to reflect the current number of players left in the game after the bankruptcy.

held by multiplying the final market value by the number of shares held. still owned by the player (not those owned by Corporations or closed).

Add the Face Value of any Private Companies

Add total cash on hand. Ignore all assets (cash and trains) owned by Cor-

porations, which make no contribution to a player's net worth. The total is the player's net worth. The player with the highest net worth wins the game. If all players but one have gone bankrupt, the game ends immediately, with the sole surviving player being declared the winner.

6 Designer's Notes
18Neb came about after a gaming session in Northern Virginia where I played a game of 18US with David G.D. Hecht. I had already tried some other 18XX titles published by Deep Thought Games, LLC. but I had yet to acquire 18GA or 18AL by Mark Derrick and 18FL left me wanting a bit more, although I still use it to teach new players.

7 Conflicts and Errata

The official rules are this document plus any officially-published errata. In the event of conflict between the official rules and any components, the rules take precedence. Published errata may be retrieved from:

http://www.deepthoughtgames.com/games/18Neb/
For clarifications or support, send email to:

support@deepthoughtgames.com

5 Ending the Game

The game normally ends after the end of the last Operating Round of the set of Operating Rounds in which the Bank runs out of money. If the Bank runs out of money during a Stock Round, the game ends

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18Neb: Railroading Across Nebraska

8 Acknowledgments, Credits and Copyright Notices

The 18Neb Integrated Game System (hereinafter referred to as "18Neb") 2006-2009 Matthew L. Campbell, who is hereby declared the Author of 18Neb for all purposes. The physical systems are 2006-2009 Matthew L. Campbell. While not comprehensive, the following players contributed materially to the development of the game through playtesting and comments and are listed in no particular order: Conrad Engel, Bruce Beard, Fred Campbell, Gregg Lutz, David G.D. Hecht, Jeff Heuer, Blake Morris, Mike Garrett, David Thompson, Barbara Hipple, Abbey Hipple. The Author acknowledges and is grateful for the use of the various rule sets originally written by David G.D. Hecht and used with permission. The Initial Auction of the Private Companies is based on a concept provided by Chris Lawson and David G.D. Hecht. The Author recognizes that 18Neb incorporates, and, indeed, would not be possible without, numerous subsystems and concepts originally used in other Integrated Game Systems. In particular, the Author acknowledges: Original 1829, 1829 Northern Board, and 1853, designed by Francis Tresham and published by Hartland Trefoil Ltd. 1830, designed by Francis Tresham and Bruce Shelley and published by The Avalon Hill Game Company. 1856 and 1870, designed by Bill Dixon and published by Mayfair Games Inc. 18C2C, designed by Mark Frazier and published by Designs in Creative Entertainment. 1841 (formerly known as "1839"), designed by Federico Vellani. 18GA and 18AL, designed and privately published by Mark Derrick. In particular, the Author is indebted to Mark Derrick for the concept of "one-state" games, and certain subsystems used in these "small" games. 1844, designed and privately published by Helmut Ohley. 1826, 18EU, 18FL, 18Scan, 18VA, 18US and 18West designed by David G.D. Hecht. Additionally, the Author is indebted to John A. Tamplin for aspects of the physical systems design. Trademarks: 1829 and 1853 are trademarks of Hartland Trefoil Ltd. 1830 is a trademark of The Avalon Hill Game Company. 1856 and 1870 are trademarks of Mayfair Games Inc. 1841 is a trademark of Federico Vellani. 18GA and 18AL are trademarks of Mark Derrick. 1844 is a trademark of Helmut Ohley. Francis Tresham and Hartland Trefoil Ltd originated the 18xx Rail Tile Game System. Use of trademarks without acknowledgment is not intended to disparage or challenge the intellectual property claims made by authors or publishers. The above enumeration is not intended to be exhaustive. Enumeration of certain individuals or companies is not intended to disparage others.

Proofreading:
Jeanette Allen, Dave Berry, Jim Black, Richard Clyne, David G.D. Hecht, Jeff Heuer, John Tamplin, Steve Thomas Image credits: Chimney Rock by Mike Tigas, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Chimney_Rock_NE.jpg licensed under Creative Commons, with Attribution license Corn Image by Spedona, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Icone_plantes_utiles.svg licensed under Creative Commons, with Attribution/Share-Alike license UP #6922 by Brianmcfa, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:UnionPacific6922.jpg - public domain UP #4023 by Ted Quackenbush, http://www.railpictures.net/viewphoto.php?id=7183 used with the permission of the author Brian Hollingsworth, The Illustrated Encyclopedia of North American Locomotives, Salamander Books,1984. Brian Hollingsworth, The Illustrated Encyclopedia of the World's Steam Passenger Books,1982. Locomotives, Salamander

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