MOUNT FUJIYAMA THROUGH THE PERISCOPE OF A U. S.

SUBMARINE

JUNE 1943

NUMBER 3 1 5

REARADMIRALRANDALLJACOBS,USN The Chief of Naual Personnel REARADMIRAL L E. DENFELD,USN . The Assistant Chief of Naual Personlzel

Table of Contents
Page

The Navy's Part in the African Victory. . . . U. S. Attacks Japs on Attu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . New OAicer Classification System Working. 7 New Pacific Bases, North and South. . . . . . The First Public Account o Radar. . . . . . . . f More FiguresonMedical Successes. . . . . . . 10 Shots-10 Japanese Ships H i t . . . . . . . . . . Spanish: Short List of Words and Phrases. . The New Recognition System. . . . . . . . . . . . The Month's News. .................... NavyDepartmentCommuniques. . . . . . . . . Blimp Training Centered at Lakehurst. . . . Navy News Photographs of the Month. . . DecorationsandCitations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Change of Command. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PublicationCheck List. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NewTrainingFilms. .................. Legislative Matters of Naval Interest. . . . . BuPers BulletinBoard-. ............... In this Section, Bureau the of Naval Personnel directs.attention to matters of particular interest and importance to the service generally. A separate index to the contents o f the sectionmay befound.on page57.
I
I

2 6

8
10

13 14

15
17 18 22 29

30 36 55 55 5 s
56

57

This magazine is published monthly in Washington, D. C., by the Special Services Division of the Bureau
of Naval Personnel for the information and interest of the Naval Service as a whole. Because copies canhot be furnishedall personnel individuallyat present, it isrequested that eachcopybegivenaswidea circulation aspossible. It is suggested that readers pass along their copies when they are. finished. To further publicize the contents, ship and station papers maydesire to reprintpertinentmaterialfrom the Bulletin.activities keepBureau All should the informed of howmanycopies arerequired.While the Bulletin is published the for guidance of the Service, the authority for all information contained herein is the particular order or directive on which the information is based. Articles of general interest may be forwarded to t5e Editor via official channels.
\

Official U. S. Navy Photograph.

AMERICAN AMPHIBIOUS FORCES primed and perfectedbymonths .oftedioustrainingswarm ashore in an attack they have been working toward. This photograph shows them at Fedhala, one of the points where landing operations smoothly conducted last November started the African campaign brilliantly to 08 its aictorious climax months later. six

The Navys Part in the African Victory

AmphibiousOperationLaunchedCampaign; U. S. and British Supplied Fleets Allies
All of North Africa-stretching fromthe new United Statesnaval operating base a t Casablanca on the Atlantic totheBritishnaval base at Alexandria and the Suez Canalis now in Allied hands. On May 12, a special communique from Allied Headquartersin Algiers announced tersely: Organized resistance, except for a few isolated pockets of the enemy, has ceased. By May 13, all resistance was a t a n end. Although the finalphases of the battle were a n Army show, the U.S. Navy played a vital part throughout the entire campaign. At the beginning, British and AmerI

the Navys new dual-purposeauxilican Navy ships and planes had silenced shore installations opposing iary aircraft carriers, providing merchant vessels with anair umbrella the initial landings and had put enemy vessels out of commission. A t or the crossing and turningover new planes ready for action to the land the end,ships of both Navieswere escorting tothe Allied armies the forces. Withthe convoys, too, were supplies that gave them victory while destroyers andother escort vessels the British Navy in the Mediterranean that drove off or sank many an Axis waschopping Axis supply lines to submarine. As far back aslastsummerthe pieces. All through the winter and early Navy and Coast Guard began prepaspring-while Allied armies fought rations for their role in the initial intowardeachother on two sides of vasion. At amphibious trainingbases thecontinentconvoyafter convoy naval officers andbluejacketspracticedlandingoperations.They ran slipped into African ports (including some just recaptured from the Axis) landing boatsup and down rivers and bays, drove themontobeachesand carryingplanes,tanks,guns,munitions, food, supplies. and freshtroops. attacked imaginary .enemy positions. They swam throughsurf;swarmed With Atlantic convoys often went

Page 2

"Official U. S. Navy Photograph.

T H E NAVYBROUGHT FOOD-FOR TROOPS A N D CZVZLZANS: Hungry residents of Safi, French Moroccam port, helped Yankee bluejackets and doughboys unload millions of dollars' worth of supplies. Food am? clothing were carried by the originul invasion fleet for the residents of the French Colonies.
over the sides of ships; swung boats on and off empty transports and loaded and unloaded them with 'supplies. Meanwhile, the British Navy similarly prepared for the role in the African campaign it so brilliantly fulfilled. It was these amphibiousoperations, culmination of all the months of tedious training and preparations, that accounted in large measure for the successful invasion which launched the African campaign. Had they gone wrong, the whole result might have been different. That theNavies were ready for the invasion was seen in the success of the operation-in three days French resistanceendedandtheAmerican Army was ready to begin its first land battle against Germany and Italy. Throughout last October the Navy made ready. Literally hundreds of cargo ships and warships slipped in and. out of ports along the eastern seaboard, takingon supplies of all descriptions, loading ammunition. Then in October those ships sailedin Small groups to avoid suspicion. A few daysouttheymet other ships, both cargo and combat. Still more came along: troopships. Soon they were joined by the big battlewagons, cruisers, and aircraft carriers. Eventually there was formed the biggest armada ever seen. For 25 miles in direction ships any the stretched, battleships, including the new 35,000-ton class, cruisers, destroyers,smaller escort ships, troop transports and freighters, zig-zagging in line with the course of the Flag. up. The enemy knewsomething was Berlin and Romewere jittery, their radios rife with speculation. The night of November 7-8 was pitch-black as the armada drew close visible to Africa. No stars were through the cloudy sky, and a damp wind and gentle swell rocked the ring of ships as they circled into position, the transports standing a few miles off shore with the protecting screen of warships in the rear. Everything was ready. For hours the British andU;S. Navies had been making preparations the for first landings, checking gear, freeing the barges from their berths, and securing cables to swing them over the side. Thetroopsin the holds went over last-minute details w i t h their officers; where they were to land, their objectives, and what and where resistance could be expected. On board the screeningwarships, gun crews stood by their weapons ready to back up the troops with a hail of fire. On the carriers, fighters and bombers warmed up. A t 0100, the landing parties struck. From scores of ships scurried hundreds of landing boats, loaded almost to the gunwhales with k!!aki-clad soldiers, and guided onto the beaches by naval officers and seamen. T h e initial landings-made at seven points, four ,in Algeria and three in French Morocco-were carried out with comparatively minor opposition. The most bitter fighting came after the troops -had already landed. The first barges ashore put in French Morocco landed a t Safi, 140 miles south of Casablanca; at Fed- . hala,, 15 miles to the north, and at Mehdia, 18 miles north of Rabat.

Page 3

Their objective was to reduce the local defenses rimming the important city of Casablanca. Toward the city itself moved a strong U. S. naval force to engage units of the FrenchFleet based there. These ships met opposition almost immediately. The 15-inch guns of the 35,000-ton battleship Jean Bart opened uponthe American ships, but were silenced by the second salvo of an answering U. S. warship. In the meantime, other units were fighting a t Algiers where strong opposition also was encountered. At Oran, two American cutters were lost

attempting to break through the harboom. bor However, the Navy pushed on, landing troops and shelling opposing positions. Two days later the city surrendered. Theships a t sea, too, hadtheir hands full. Opposing planes swarmed on some of them like bees and submarines sent torpedoes in every direction. Heavy fire came from shore batteries. However, there were few casualties and only small damage a t sea,due to the screening destroyers . and protecting aircraft. Casualties were light considering the size and type of operation. The

"Official U. S. Navy Photograph.

HIT

BY NAVY GUNS IN AFRICAN INVASION: A shell from an American warship plowed up the ground in fromt of this Fremch fire control tower and then "bamked" throughthetop of thebuilding. Fire of four 130-mm. gum was directed from the huildiBg, which was about 2% miles northwest of Safi, FremchMorocco.

estimated total was slightly more than 2,000, about half of these wounded and remainder the either killed or missing.Many of those a t first missing were prisoners of the Frenchandreturnedlater totheir own units. Intheentire operation only flve transports were sunk and the troops from these hadbeen landed when torpedoes struck.Themajority of the crews of these ships were able to board landing barges clustered nearby and made the beach in safety. One of the most outstanding records o f the initial campaign was made by the Naval Air Group which came out of the battle without losing one plane in combat. Twenty-six opposing planes were shot down and more than 100 others were destroyed on the ground. Onthe morning of the invasion almost every man aboard the carriers requested permission to join the fight. Traffic on the flight decks was of the heaviest. At times, pilots would not even leave their planes, gulping cups of coffee in their cockpits while theirplanes were madeready and discussing operations with intelligence officers. Threedaysafter the first barges went over, on November 11-anniversary of Armistice Day, 1918,ironically enough-all French resistance ended in compliance with orders from the late Admiral Jean Darlan, commander in chief of French forces in Africa. hours Within the Allied navies unloaded the remainder of their ships, occupied theimportant ports, and wound up the loose ends of the invasion. ButBritish the and American Na7ies''jobs were far from done. While Allied two armiesfought on either side of Africa, ships of both navies shuttled-between the battlefields and. Britishand U. s. ports guarding cargoes of supplies and material for both the fighting forces and the civilian population of the colonies. The War Department announced in January that many thousands tons of of supplies were reaching North Africa. Tea, sugar and cotton cloth, said the War Department, arrivedfor the civilians with the invasion fleet.

Page 4

and many extra shiploads of supplies had arrived since. Later in Sanuary, while the Navy guarded the north and west coasts of Africa, the best-kept secret in the world was revealed-the historic meeting between President Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Churchill at Casablanca. With them were the military and navalleaders of both countries, includingAdmiralErnest J. King, Commander in Chief of the U. S. Fleet. Unconditional surrender would be the Allied demand upon the Axis, the two chiefs of governments said. On his way home, the President again called on theNavy, using a U. S. destroyer to confer President with Getulio D. Vargas of Brazil on the submarine danger the in Atlantic. Never again, said the two American presidents, mustthe west coast of Africa and m k a r beallowed to become threat the a against two Americas. But Dakar was no longer a threat. U. S. Navy ships alreadyhad used its strategic harbor. On January 30, American destroyers sailed in. With when them they sailed out was the prideof the FrenchNavy, the 35,000-ton battleship, Richelieu, and three destroyers, and acruiser. Americandestroyersescorted the French vessels to U. S. ports for outfitting and repairs after which they will take their places with Allied warships fighting the Axis. Late in March, while the Allies started their pincers movement againsttheMareth Line in central Tunisia, the Navy announced another strategic move-the establishment of the West African Sea Frontier Forcewith a NavalOperating Base at Casablanca. Thus was the Navy ready to conduct operations against Axis-dominated Europe from twobases, Casablanca tothesouth and Londonderry to the north. The Navy was firmly entrenched in Africa and the Allied armies ashore werequickly winding up their campaign. Through April the two Armies, now linked and aided by an American-equipped French force, drove the GermansItalians and

-0Kicial

U. S. Army Signal Corps Photogfnph.

A T THE END OF THE AFRICANCAMPAIGN:Steppingfrom a transport plame, Col. Gem. Jurgen uon Arnim, commalzder in chief of Germam forces im Africa, meets U.S. a d British military leaders at the time of his surrender. Gold braid captured in the final stages of the Africam campaign imclzuled about two dozen German amd Italiam generals.

northward Tunisia in until the enemy held only Tunis, Bizerte, and Cap Bon. On May 7 , the two important ports fell andthe enemy fied to his last stronghold,CapBonPeninsula. On May 9 that fell. In the closing days of the battle, about 200,000 prisoners were taken, including the German commander in chief, Col. Gen. Jurgen von Arnim, and Marshal Giovanni esse,commander of the Italian First Army.

As the INFORMATION went BULLETIN to press, the Allies had opened an air offensive against southern Europe, similar tothedayandnightraids that American and British air forces had long been conducting over Germany and northern Europe. Huge raids-one including more than 400 American bombing planes-were pulverizing industrialandharborareas in southern Italy and Italian Sardinia and Sicily.

Page 5

T H I S I S AN OFFICERS PICTURE in the new qualification file in the Bureau of NavalPersonnel. On means of the little punch cards likethesearebeingplaced qualifications of all officers in the service.By holes (black marks), machines can quickly filzd available officers with any required skills or experience.

New Officer Classification System Working

Qualifications Placed on PunchCards So Right Quickly Man for Any Billet Can Be Found
Within.a short time, the Bureau of Naval Personnel will have the qualifications of all officers so tabulated on cards that it will be but a matter of minutes to find tlSe right man for the mostunusualand specialized billet that could possibly come along. Classification is going ahead rapidly and isnow two-thirds completed,with the qualifications of more than 100,000 officers analyzed and tabulated to date. The project is the work of the Classification Section of the Officer Personnel Division. Of the 100,000officers whosequalificationsare now checked and filed, about 500 have already been transferred to fields in which they arebetter qualified by past experience and education. Where i t is found that menare obviously misplaced, this is brought to the attention of Officers Detail, in order that these men may movedto be a field where they are best suited and can best be used. However, in some instances Navy fields are not sufficiently wide to use all men with same particular the qualification. For instance, the Navys need for chemical engineers is comparatively light. Thus, men with qualifications of chemicalengineers might be found on other assignments because there is no particular Spot for them.Onlythosebest qualified are used in such assignments in such can speak French or an officerwho has experience in the oil business in instances. Iran were urgently needed, it would Those officers justout of College, be but a matter of minutes before the with no particular business backgroundorqualifyingexperience are nameandpresentstation,together qualifications, could physically and mentally qualified to with his complete make the best sailors, and this is what be found in theBureau Ales. Qualifications of Navy men range they are being trained for. accountants to professors of Conversely,the Navy has spent con- from newspapermen, undersiderabletimeand money training languages, officers for duty in some specialized takers and zoologists. With the information on file and field. Thus it can readily be seen that these men cannot detailed to other kept up to date, assignments to ships be stations can be made on an duties, even if they areso qualified by and experience,unless another officer is analytical basis with profit to both the l individual officer and theservice. A trained to fill this vacancy. The qualification questionnaires are though much of the information refilled out by all commissioned officers quested by the questionnaireis on file of and below the rankof commander, in officers jackets, fitness reports, and warrant officers, and reserve midship- other noncentralized files, the expanmen. h r p o s e of this information is sion of the Navy and multifold into enable the Bureau to file by me- crease of officer personnel makeit imchanical means on punch cards the possible to investigate all such sources qualifications, fields of experience,and in the assignment of specific officers other pertinent data which may qual- from such a vast field. Individual officers should submit reify officers for particular billets. In addition to the naval qualifica- vised questionnaires when additional tions and major fields of experience qualifications are acquired. Wlicers punchedeach on officers card, should only fill out thatportion of the former civilian occupations, hobbies, questionnaire that ischangedfrom questionnaire schools, and other pertinent data is the previous. The also recorded to enable the detailsec- should be plainly marked Revised tion to utilize the available naval in the upper left-hand corner of page one to simplify handling in the manpower most effectively. Ofiicers Bureau. may also request the particular kind (See also item in BuPers Bulletin of duty in which they feel best fitted to serve. Thus if a civil engineer who Board, page 58.)

Page 7

New Pacific Bases, North and South

Navy Carries New ExpeditionaryForces That Strengthen American Positions

Protected and transported by ships Americanbases in the Solomons and big American naval base, serving as of the U. S. Navy,American forcesJapansMarshall and GilbertIslands.awatch dog foranyfuture moves within the past severalmonthshaveWithholdingannouncement of their the Japanese may make in the AleuIt is a long, narrowisland, the established newbases in the North occupation until positionswere fullytians. andSouth Pacific to serve both as consolidated, the Navy said that northwest rising to 1,008 feetand end a protection for larger more and imArmy, Navy, and Marine Corps forces the eastern extremity forming portant Allied bases and as stepping combined in carrying out the occupa- peninsula at the end of which extends stones further for offensive action and tions that military establisha 2-mile-long reef. Constantine Haragainst enemy positions. ments were now in full operation. bor near the easternmost point is reI n aseries of announcements, the RegardingAmchitka, the Navy saidported tohaveanchorage in 8 to 10 fathoms. Navy revealed that new bases have that U. s. forces have established military positions including an air-Simultaneously, it was revealed that been established at: Amchitka-in the Rat Island group field on the island, lying less than American forces had occupied the Isof Adak inthe Andreanof group, of the Aleutians which also includes 65 nautical miles fromJap-heldland the Japanese-heldisland of Kiska.Kiska which recently has been under 397 mileswest of DutchHarbor between the naval base and Amchitka. Russell Islands-northwest of Gua- heavy attack from the air. harbors which Amchitka is between Kiska and Adak has several dalcanal. Dutch Harbor, 550 mileswest of the American naval forces operating from Ellice Islands -1 y i n g between
I

Page 8

RADAR-The

fumdamental idea i s simple, but its developmemt is a major Naval

achievememt.

The First Public Account of Radar

Naval Research Scientists Revealed As Discoverers of BasicPhenomenon
In mid-September, 1922, two research scientists, Dr. A. Hoyt Taylor and Mr. Leo C. Young, working in the Naval Aircraft Laboratory, Radio Anacostia, D. C., observed that certain radio signals were reflected from steel buildings and metal objects. They also observed that ships passing by a transmitter and receiver at such frequencies gave a definite interference of pattern. Theseobservationsgave rise to the suggestion that: Possibly an arrangement could be worked out whereby destroyers located on a line a number of miles apart could be immediatelyaware of the passage of an enemyvesselbetween any two destroyers in the line, irrespective of fog, darkness, or smoke screen. The discovery by Dr. Taylor and Mr. Young, more than 20 years ago, was the birth of radar. Their imaginative, s e a r c h i n g preliminary suggestion marked its first possible military application. The radar term means radiodetecting-and-ranging. R a d a r s , then, are devices which the Allies use to detect the approach of enemy aircraft and ships, and to determine the distance (range) to the enemies forces. Radar is used by static ground defenses to provide data for antiaircraft guns for use in smashing Axis planes through cloud cover, and by airplanes a.nd warships.
Page 10
While radars importance has been well recognized within the Naval service, until recently military necessity prevented public mention of it. Now, however, the basic story of radar, its history and uses, can be told. GathNavy sources and ered here from the Officeof War Information, are the facts which have been released for public information.

offense. I n fact, the British,who call their similar apparatus radio the locator, say it was instrumentalin saving England during the aerial blitz of 1940 and 1941. At that timethe locators spotted German raiders long before they reached a target area, and thus gave the RAF and ground defenses time preparation. for Since then radar has stood guard at many dangerpointsalongUnitedNations frontiers and at sea, warning of the coming of aerial and sea-borne enemy forces, and contributing toward victory in combat. The new science has played a vital part in helping first to of It is one of the marvels made pos- stem andthentoturnthetide sible by the electron tube. Ultra Axis conauest. Upon the observation in 1922 by the high-frequency waves travelling with the speed of light can be focussed to two Navy scientists that reception from a radio station was interfered scan air the and sea. When they strike anenemy ship or airplane, they with by an object moving in the path bounceback. Radio waves travel a t of the signals, a radio receiver was set a constant speed of 186,000 miles per up o n the banks of a river and the efsecond. Thus a smallspace of time ffects of signal receptioncaused by boats passing up and down the river is required for such signals to travel were studied. The experimeht of into a reflecting surface and return to stalling the receiver inatruck was a receiver, so that, with means provided for measuring this time inter- also tried, and it wasobserved that similar- disturbances were produced i Val, itis possible todeterminethe the receiver when the truck moved distance toa given target.Radars operate through fog, storms, and past large buildings. Development darkness, as well as through cloudless work was immediately undertaken so that thenew discovery might be used skies. They are,therefore,superior to both telescopes and acoustic listen- for detecting vessels passing between harbor entrances, or between ships t a ing devices. Radar is used for both defense and sea.
~

So far, it had been necessary to have the moving objeect passbetween the radio transmitter the and receiver. This obviously limited the possible fields of application. In 1925 it was found that the surface of an object, or target, would act as a leflector of high frequency radio waves. I n other words, the radio signals sent out by a transmitter could be made to bounce strike a target,andthen back to a receiver. This made it POSsible to have both the transmitter and the receiver at the same location. Dr. Taylor andMr. Younghave been connected intimately with the development of radar ever since those fateful days in September, 1922. For like mpst discoveries whichshape the path of Mankind, as has radar in the present war, the chronological development of radar is mainly the story of unceasing human endeavor. Their earlyequipment difficultieswere almost unbelievable, but the continuing faith of Dr. Taylor and Mr. Young enabled them to drive forward their development to a degree whereby radar has changed markedly the tactical science of ,modern warfare. Dr. Taylor is now Superintendent of the Radio Division of the Naval Research Laboratory. Mr. Young is now Assistant Superintendent of the same Division. a On September 27, 1922,report on Dr.Taylor and Mr. Youngs initial findings and their suggested implications was forwarded to the Bureau of Engineering, Navy Department. Working under Dr. Taylor, Mr. L. A, Hyland, now with the Bendix Corporation, observed on June 24,

1930, that aircraft crossing a line beand receiver tween a transmitter operating directionally gave an interference pattern clearly indicating the presence of such aircraft. On November 5, 1930, Director the of the Naval Research Laboratory submitted to the Chief of the Bureau of Engineering, Navy Department, a detailed report, prepared by Dr. Taylor, on radio-echo signals from moving objects. This report summarized allobservationsmade prior to that date, presented the theory underlying the observed phenomena and concluded with the recommendation that the investigation be continued and intensified. Dr. Taylors report having been thoroughly studied, the Radio Division o fthe Bureau of Engineering on January 19, 1931, assigned the Naval Research Laboratory the following problem: Investigate use of radio to detect thepresence of enemy vessels and aircraft.Specialemphasisis placed on the confidential nature of this problem. On October 21, 1931, Captain Harold G. Bowen, U. S. N., then Assistant to the Chief of the Bureau of Engineering (now Rear Admiral, Special Assistant to the Under Secretary the of Navy),forwarded for comment and consideration to the Naval Research Laboratory certain radio proposals of Lieutenant (now Commander) Joseph N. Wenger, U. S. N. Two weeks later, on December 20, 1931, Taylor reDr. plied that all of Lieutenant Wengers proposals hadalready been demonstrated in previous work at the Naval

Research Laboratoryto have practical possibilities, and again Dr. Taylor recommended that this research given be a high priority. Meanwhile the theory of reflection from moving objects had been confirmed by experimentsconducted in cooperation with dirigible AKRON. the A t this stage in radars development the Navys findings were brought to the attentionof the War Department. On January 9, 1932, Secretary of the the Navy wrote the Secretary of War describing the work carried on at the Naval Research Laboratory. This letter contained the following suggestion : Certain phases of the problem appearto be of moreconcern tothe Army thantothe Navy. For example, a system of transmitters and associated receivers might be set up about a defense area to test its effectiveness in detecting the passage of hostile aircraft into the area. Such a development mightbe carried forward more appropriately and expeditiously by the Army than by the Navy. A copy of Dr. Taylors report of November 5, 1930,was enclosed with the Secretarys letter, and the War Department was offeredthe assistance of the Naval ResearchLaboratory and the Bureau of Engineering in any investigations that Department might desire to make. By this timeairplanes in motion nearly 50 miles from the transmitter had been detected under certain conditions. On July 1, 1932,in one of Dr. Taylors reports of progress made on the problem assigned January 19, 1931,he described certain tests of air-

Radars discoverers: Dr. A . Hoyt Taylor (left) and Mr. Leo C. Yourzg.
Page 11

craft detection a t such distances and tions (now Chief of Staff to the Comadded that the object of the investi- mander in Chief of the Army and gation now wasto develop instruments Navy)witnessed a demonstration of for the collection, automatic recordthe detection of aircraft by the first ing and correlating of data to show radar set developed in this country. position, angle and speed of the apThe next two years were spent in proach of objects in the air. The first designing and manufacturing a pracinstruments of this naturewere devel- ticalshipboard model.After continoped by Mr. Robert M. Page, of the ualtrials, a set of radar, manufacNaval ResearchLaboratory, assisted tured by the Naval Research Laboraby Mr. Robert C. Guthrie. tory, was installed on the USS N E W Mr. Page and Mr. Guthrie, since this YORK late in 1938. During January, time, havebeen constantly engaged in February, and March,1939,this equipradar research, many and of the ment wasgiven exhaustivetests at radar developments now in use in the sea during the winter cruise and the Naval service are credited by the Navy battle maneuvers carried on at that Department totheefforts of these time. The Commanding Officer of the USS N E W YORK was most enscientists. various types of thusiastic and recommended that the By March 28, 1933, apparatus and systems for detecting work be continued. Vice Admiral Alenemy aircraft and vessels had been fred F. Johnson, U. S.N., commanding the Battleship Division, stated, The developed to a degree which enabled the Naval Research Laboratory to equipment is one of the most imporoutline in detail the theoretical mili- tant radio developments since the advent of the radio itself. tary applications. Decision was made to develop addiIn 1935 the Naval Appropriations Committee of the House of Repre- tional radar sets, while, at the same time, it was emphasized that the imsentatives on its own initiative allotted $100,000 for research purposes mediate procurement of this material must not interfere with the progress Laboratory. tothe Naval Research This Committee has been intensely of the development. In October, 1939, contracts,ona interested in the development of rabasis, awarded the Radio dar. The Committeerepeatedly has bid were made inspections at the Naval Re- Corporation of America for manufacsearch Laboratory and has given ture of six sets of aircraft detection original special financial support to its work. equipment patterned after the During most of this period Repre- modelwhich had been built at the E. Naval Rsearch Laboratory andinsentative (now S-nator) James Scrugham, of Nevada, a former engi- stalled in theUSS NEW YO-. In August 1940, realizing that the neer, was Chairman of the ComUnited States was faced with limited mittee. radar production facilities in the By this time the Bureau of Standevent of war,Rear AdmiralBowen ards had beenadvised of the radar setaboutenlisting the resources of work of the Naval Research Laboramajor electronics laboratories, tory, ,andthe Bureau of Standards the and in October 1940 he was desigand the Naval ResearchLaboratory were cooperating with representatives nated coordinator of all phases of the of the Army regardingmethods of Navys radar program. By the beginning of 1941,the Gendetectingaircraft by utilizing ultra high-frequency radio waves. The eral Electric, Westinghouse, RCA, War Department had emphasized the and Bell Telephone laboratories were importance of this project, and con- carrying on research and undertakstant liaison has been maintained ing commercial production. Lieutenant Commander(now Combetween the Services. In June, 1936,representatives of the mander) DavidR. Hull, U.S.N., Aswas put Bureau of Engineering witnessed a sistantto Admiral Bowen, demonstration of aircraft detection in immediatecharge of Navalconwith all private, commercial, equipment at the Naval Research Lab- tacts and governmental activities engaged oratory, Rear and Admiral Bowen, in radar research and development, then Chief of the Bureau,directed capacity he supervised that plans be made for the installa- andinthis tion of a complete set of radar equip- the development of models which resulted in the first quantity producment, as then existed, aboard ship. As result of studies made during the tion of manytypes of radar equiptactical maneuvers of the U. S. Fleet ment. Jenin the Pacific during the Fall of 1936, Commander (now Captain) Admiral A. J. Hepburn, U. S. N., Com- nings B. Daw, U. S. N., spent the mander in Chief of the U. S. Fleet greater part of 1941 in England ob(now Chairman, General Fhard,Navy taining information on British radar Department), advised Rear Admiral methods. Upon his returnthe to Bowen of the importancecfkaving United States, Commander Dow orradar equipment tested with Fleet. ganized the the Radar Branch the in On February 17, 1937, visiting the Radio Division, Bureau of Ships. Naval Research Laboratory, Assistant Radar procurement and design work Secretary of the Navy Charles Edison in the Bureau of Ships prior to that (nowGovernor of the State ofNew time had beep conducted by LieutenJersey) and Admiral William D. ant Commander (now Commander) Leahy, U. S. N., Chief of Naval Opera- Samuel M. Tucker, U. S. N. Major

contributions in the radar field also have been made by Lieutenant Commander (now Captain) M. E. Curts, U. S. N., Lieutenant (now Commander) William S. Parsons, U. S. N., and Lieutenant Commander John F. Mullen, JY.,U. S. N. Radarresearch is continuing and new developments are constantly being made-by the Government and by Private industry. Every manufacturer of any size i n t h e electronics industry is participating. Radar procurement is one of the Navys prime projects. Two basic discoveries opened the electronicspectrum to radar equipment. From experience alone we have known for years that radio waves go through solid substances,such as brick and wood, and thatthey are absorbed by steel. On the basis of electronic theory,however, it was demonstrablethat radio waves also were reflected; although until a few years ago no one had succeeded in detecting the reflocted impulses. Research, however, led to the development of receiving instruments which could pick up reflected radio waves and record them. Secondly, it has been possible to create instruments which count time intervals smaller than a split-thouin sandth of a second.Whilework this direction had been going forward for years, it was recentexperiment that resulted in such high precision as to open the way to radar. Scientifically, radar has the same genealogy as the familiar radio. The British physicist, William Clerk Maxwell, in 1864 demonstrated mathematically that lightand electricity move in the same medium and that electricity and light share many characteristics. In 1887 Heinrich Hertz succeeding in producing electromagnetic waveswhich, as Maxwell had predicted, could be detected a t some distance from the originating spark. In the 1890s Guglielmo Marconi was experimenting equipment with designed to send out longer,stronger waves on the one hand, and to pick up waves a t greater distances. He used an aerial and ground on both his sending and receiving apparatus. The next importantstep was t h e use of pioneer vacuum tubes in 1906 by Dr. Lee DeForest. I n 1915, Dr. Irving Langmuir designed a tube similar to those used today. Independently of the experiments leading to radar, much work was done through the 1930s in using ordinary radio as a direction finder for ships a t sea. Radio beacons were estabGovernment lished by the Federal along the United States coast. A ship which had lost its location or direction could get its bearings by signalling to two or more shore stations. Its position then could be determined by triangulation. The Progress in this field proved suggestive as radar wasdeveloped.

Page 12

"Official U. R. Navy Photograph.

AIR AMBULANCE: Capable of using impromptu l a d i n g spaces, this single litter ambulmce plane can speed to the scene of almost any accident and bring injured personnel quickly t o a base hospital.

More Figures on Medical.Successes

Rapid, Scientific Treatment Keeps Deaths Low in A l Battle Zones l
Marine enlisted men wounded, 41.5 Figuresreleased by the Office of War Information indicate that alow percent returnedt o duty; 55.9 percent mortality rate isbeing maintained in still under treatment; 0.4 percent ineach battle zone, due principally to valided from service; 2.2 percent died. Army figures are not available, but rapid, scientific treatment of the wounded. (For information the on data show that recoveries are comNavy's success in treating wounded in parable to Naval and Marineperthe SouthPacific see the INFORMATION centages. BULLETIN May 1943). of Thetransportplanethat rushes Never before in the history of the supplies in the nick of time to the world has thefighting man hadavail- battlefront may take from the ravable the medical care and equipment aged battlefront an even more valuable cargo. The return-trip load: the United States now furnishes its Men. Wounded men-who, given defenders, the OWI declares. the gives them, More than 97 percent of Naval and the chance plane may not only live, but return to the Marine wounded from Pearl Harbor to March 31, 1943, all fronts, have fight. Bureau of Medicine and Suron recovered. Of all Navy andMarine gery doctors announced have that personnel wounded only 2.6 percent the death rate among wounded men died subsequently. Fifty-three perremoved from the Solomons has been cent were returned to duty. Still un- 0.018 of 1 percent. Quick removal by der treatment as of March 31 were plane to base hospitals far away from 43.5 percent.Invalidedfrom service the fighting ispart of the reason. were 0.9 percent. So outstanding was the work of one The break-down of these figures group of transport planes, ,doubling shows: Naval officers wounded, 61.6 as munitions carriers ambu-' and percent returned to duty; percent lances, that Admiral William F. Hal35.9 still under treatment; 0.2 percent in- sey, USN, commander, South Pacific valided from service; 2.3 percent died. area South and Pacific Force, reNaval enlisted men wounded, 60.4 cently commended it. But the story percent returned to duty; percent of air ambulances has only begun. 35.4 still under treatment; 1.4 percent inWhenever possible, a doctorvalided from the service; 2.8 percent sometimeswithnurses and hospital died. corpsmen-accompanies the plane so Marine officerswounded, 46.8 per- the wounded may be given prelimincentreturnedtoduty; 51.6 percent nry treatment en route. So successstill treatment; under 1.6 percent ful has the procedure been that the died. Bureau of Medicine andSurgeryis making a study with a view toward establishing the Air Ambulance Service as a permanent part of the Hospital Corps. Like many another method that I s being proven in the wartoday, the use of ambulanceplanesrepresents the final step in a long chain of experiments. During the years of peace,newsreelaudiencestime and again saw the Navy rescuing the ill or injured by air: by carrier-, battleship, or cruiser-based planes; even by flying boats and blimps. A variation was (and is) to drop supplies to men stranded in isolated areas. Today the big transports that will carry 12 stretcher cases plus 6 sitting cases to safety are atone extreme of the list of ambulance planes. At the otherend are tiny Piper Cubs (see cut), designed with a cutaway fuselage to. carry one casualty behind the cockpit. Coincidental with the study of improvised air ambulances, the field of aviation medicine technique) is being opened togreaternumbers of hosA school for aviapital corpsmen. tion medicine technique is described in theApril, 1943,issue of the Hospital Corps Quarterly. ' Applications by hospital corpsmen for this type of duty are now being accepted by the Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, and. men capable of meeting the requirements are being ordered to aviation technician schools for training.

Page 13

1 Shots-10 Japanese Ships Hit 0

Navy Sub Crew MakesUP for One Miss: Gets Four Hits With Three Salvos
I

Tenships shot at. Ten ships hit, in six attacks. That was the record of a United States submarine under command of Lt. Comdr.William S. Stovall, USN, Picayune, Miss. The commanding officer says that the teamwork of his crew led to the successes on war patrols. Lieutenant Commander Stovall was awarded a Navy Cross for his work as commanding officer of the submarine. The official score of sinkings for the submarine under command of Lieutenant Commander Stovall was seven ships sunk,oneprobablysunk, and two damaged. The citation accompanying the award of the Navy Cross to Lieutenant Commander Stovall, who since has been given another command, praised for him sinking four large Japanese vessels, three of whichwerecloselyconvoyed. In all but one of the attacks made by his craft the Japanese -vessels were escorted by destroyers or antisubmarine craft. Thesubmarine is still outthere somewhere, slugging hard at the Japanese when the huntingis good, keeping station for lonely and monotonous weeks when the quarry is scarce. You can get her story out of Lieutenant Commander Stovall-with the distinct understanding that it is the story of the ship and its crew, and not his story alone. We had a team, there, he says. Thats the principal reason for our success. The executive officer was and, for particularly outstanding, that matter, so were the diving officer and every other officer and man on the boat. They knew their jobs. The credit belongs to them, so please keep the 1s out of this story. The executive who officer, was Lt. Robert E. Dornin, of San Francisco,got the Silver Star medal. Lt. Commander Stovall recommended the diving officer for a similar award, but left the ship before action was taken on recommendation. his Theother officers he recommended for theNavy and Marine Corps medal. Yes, sir,the former skipper the of submarine says with pride. We had a team * * * The team he captained made several long patrols inthe Pacific. It was on these that they got 10 hits out of 10 shots-although the ship missed with her first salvo of torpedoes, which was fired a t a Japanese patrol vessel. We made up for that a streak of by luck, he relates with a grin. It was during the sixth attack. This was on a convoyescorted by destroyers. It was a t night,and we let go three

salvos-oneatthe second shipin column and one at the third ship in column. Then we swung around and fired a salvo at thelast ship. Theygot allthree of these. The luck came in when one torpedo that of last salvo missed its intended target, streakedon toanotherpart of the convoy, and blew up a vessel there. Four hits with threesalvos. The crew painted the wardroom bulkhead with a small torpedo-pierced Jap flag for every ship they hit. The morale of the crew was excellent, even during the long periods when the ship was on station andsaw no action. But every engagement broke the tension of waiting and had a beneficial effect on the morale, and once after a long voyage the ship received a pat on theback in the form of congratulations from the Commander in Chief of the Pacific Fleet and the Commander, Submarine Forces, Pacific Fleet. They whiled away the hours of waiting by painting names and faces on the torpedoes that were to wreak such havoc amongthe Japanese. After one particularly gruelling attack, a crumpled piece of paper was found inthe control room wastebasket. During the height of the at-

tack, someone had written on.it: I wish to hell we had wings sometimes-sometimes! !! Another attack came just at lunch time. Fifteen minutes later, Lieutenant CommanderStovallremembered theyhadnteaten.Hecalled down to the commissaryofficer and asked, How about lunch? After an interval of silence, somebody forward drawled: Looks like the OldMan has to eat,whether hes going to sink or not !

Official U. S. Navy Photograph.

One we didmt simk was this JapaNese hospital ship, unaware of the presence of a U . S . submarine through whose periscope photo was taken. The ship formerly was the 9,800-tomlimer, Asahi Maw.> T h e Japalzese failed to reply im kind: This month they sank a plaialy marked Australia@ hospital ship 08 Queensland with ct loss of 299 liues.

W e had a team, there thats the principal reason for our success. An example of U. S. submarine successes-a Japanese cargo uesse2 goes to the bottom near the coast of JapaB.

. ..

Official U. S. Navy Photograph.

.Page 14

I
I

SPANISH: .Short List

of Words and Phrases

1
I

c
I

Grah-see-ahs Gracias From de Day nah-dah De nada In en And ee Y LMe entiende usted? May en-ti-en-deh Inside dentro den-tro As co-mo como oos-ted of de d9Y See Yes Si on sobre so -bray But pair-o pero No . NO No a To ah I f see si Kee-eh-ro I want Quiero With con kon cigarrillos see-gahr-ee1yo.s or 0 0 cigarettes seensin Without accommodations acomodaciones ah-co-mo-dah-seeon-es Time co-mair to comer dormir to sleep aor-meer What time is it? iQu6 hora es? Kay oh-rah ess bafiarme bahn-yar-ma;l to bathe I s there time? iHay tiempo? E y e tee-em-po i QuB es What is Kay es It is noon Son las doce de .la son lahs do-seh deh esto? es-to this mafiana lah man-yah-na eso? that ay-so las doce de la lahs do-seh deh Midnight LHabla usted lahno-che Ah-blah oos-ted noche Do you speak espafiol? Spanish es-pahn-yol La una Lah 00-nah deh 1 :00A. M. inglks? een-glehs English de la mafiana lah man-yah-na i Venga! Ven-gah La una de la tarde lah00-nah deh Come out 1:00 P. M. Kwahn-tos iCuantos lah tar-de How many om-brays la una y die& hombres men 1:lO lah00-nahee con oos-ted with you? con usted? dee-ehs co-mo say dee se en lahs trayss las tres HOW doyou Bay in LComo se dice en 3 :00 es-pahn-yol lahs seen-co las cinco espafiol? 5:OO Spanish? Ten-go las ocho y quince lahs 0-cho ee keenTengo 8:15 I have No ten-go seh I have not No tengo Ten-goahm-bray las diee 10:oo lahs dee-ess I am hungry Tengo hambre Ten-go sed las siete y cuarenta lahs see-eh-teh ee 7:40 Tengo sed I am thirsty En-tee-en-do kwah-ren-tah I do understand Entiendo No en-tee-en-do las nueve y 9:25 lahs nway-veh ee I dont understand No-entiendo Sen-yor veinticinco vain-tee-seen-co Sefior Man (Mister) Moo-cho . las once y media ll:30 lahs on-sayee meh Mucho Much Sen-yor-eel-tah dee-ah Sefiorita Miss Neh-seh-see-ta Day after tomorrow pasado mafiana pah-sah-do manNecesito I need oon trah-heh yah-na un traje asuit 00-nah frah-sahuna fraeada an-tay-ah-yair Day before yester- anteayer a blanket dah day Por fah-vor Tarde Evening (afterPor favor tar-day Please Ah-key noon) Here Aqui bahs-tan-teh Night Noche No-che Bastante Enough Co-mo es-tah . Now Ahora Ah-0-ra HOW are LComo you? estftusted? oo-sted Afio Year Ahn-yoh Moo-ee bn-en Minuto Minute Mee-noo-to MUY bien Verywell grah-see-ahs Momento gracias Moment Momen-to thank you ee oos-ted Today and you? ?y usted? Hoy_ OY boo-en-as tar-days Manana Man-yah-nah Tomorrow (also Good Evening Buenas tardes morning) (Afternoony boo-en-as no-chays Ah-yayr Ayer Buenasnoches Yesterday Good Night boo-en-os dee-ahs . Cuando ; Kwahn-do When? Hello (Good day or Buenos dias sah-le sale Good Morning) sails Mav vah-mo Me llamo el vapor? el vah-por My name is the ship? Comosay yah-mah icbmo se llama What is vour (?is is the usual order of verb andsubjectin a Spanish oosted usted? - . name?question.) as-tah loo-ay-go Hasta luego Until later yoo-vee-ah Lluvia Rain Places To Go Es-trel-yahs Estrellas Stars Sol so1 Sun Church Iglesia Ee-g1ay-see-ah ah-sehcah-lor Hace calor It is hot City or town Ciudad Si-00-dahd ah-seh free+ Hace frio It is cold Mair-cah-do Market Mercado Vee-en-to Viento Wind Postoface Oflcina de correos Off-ee-see-nah-day Kev-en i Quikn? Who? co-ray-os . Kajr iQuC? What? Eh-stah-see-on Estacibn Station Kwahn-do i Cuando? When? Street Calle Kahl-ye Don-de 1Dbnde? Where? Telkfono Tay-lay-foh-noh Telephone Por-kay .Por quk Why? Pueblo Pweb-lo Village Kwahn-tos icukntos? IEow many? Panadero Pah-nah-day-ro Baker who, which, that Q u e Ka? Pay-loo-kero Barber Peluquero Por -kay Porque Because Giveme a haircut C6rne e1 pel0 Cor-tay-me el pay-lo Ah-om-seel1ee-o j Auxilio! (01 Help! Salbn de baile Sah-lon day by-leh Dance hall (so-cor-roe) i Socorro!) MBdico May-dee-co Doctor Bo-tee-cah Botica Drug store Garage Garage Gah-rah-hay Location Cinemathgrafo See-nah-mah-MSee-gah ah-dehMovie Go straight ahead Siga adelante Ian-tay gra-fo Ah lah ees-key-ehr Res-tah-oo-ran-te Restaurante Restaurant A l a iequierda To the left Zapateria Sah-p%h-teh-ree-a.h dah Shoe store Sastre Ah lah day-ray-cha Sahs-treh Tailor A la derecha To the right Thank you Dont mention it Understand me?

The following list, second in a series setting forth phrases in languages common to areas inwhich the Navy is operating, is designed for Naval personnel interested in acquiring a limited knowledge of certain phrases. It was prepared by the Language Unit of the Educational Services Section the Training Division. Last months of Language Phrase List was in Japanese: next month French will be listed. After exhausting the possibilities of this phrase list, personnel interested in the Navy Language Program may familiarize themselves with the article, Language Program Expanded, in the March 15 issue of the TraDiv Letter, page 35. Conjunctions 1 . Prepositions UsefulPhrases -

:iy

\\

Page 15

Nautical
Sailor mcer Dock Ocean Cable Chart Depart Port Puerto (harbor) Mariner0 Oficial Muelle Mar Cable Mapa Salir Mah-ree-neh-ro 0-fee-see-al Mwe1-yeh Mahr

Adjectives

Lar-go January Enero Ay-nay-ro Long Largo Short Corto Cor-to February Febrero Fay-brer-o Red Ro-ho March Marm Mar-so Rojo Ah-sod Blue Azul April Abril Ah-breel Cab'-blay Vair-deh Green Verde Mayo Mah-yo Mah-pa Yellow Amarillo Ah-mah-reel-yo E e : Junio Hoon-io Sah-leer Blac!r Negro Nay-gro July Julio Hool-io Pwair-to B1an-co White Blanco Agosto August Ah-gosf-to Ship Buque Boo-keh Good Bueno Boo-en-o September Septiembre Sep-tee-em-bray Submarine Soob-mah-ree-no Bad Submarino Malo Mah-lo October Octubre Oc-tmY-bray Uniform 00-nee-for-meh Unif orme Small Pequedo Peh-kain-yo November Noviembre No-vee-em-bray Sick Enfermo En-fair-mo December Diciembre Dee-see-em-bray Bee-en Well Bien Military High Alto Al-to * Bajo Bah-ho Days ofWeek the Ammunition Municion Moo-nee-see-on Low Cold Frio Free-o Bomb Born-bah Bomba Hot Caliente Cah-li-en-teh Cannon D~~ Dia Dee-ah Cafion Cahn-yon Mojado Mo-hah-do Halt! Whos i Alto! i. Qui6n va? Al-to Kee-en vah Wet Month Mes Mes. Dry SECO Say-ko there? Week Semana Say-mah-nah Sunday Doming0 Do-meen-go Parachute Paracaidas Pah-rah-cah-eePronouns. Monday Lunes Loo-nes das Tuesday Martes Mar-tes Plane Aeroplano Ah-er-0-p1ah-nr I YO YO Wednesday Miercoles Mee-air-koh-lays Rifle Rifle Ree-fleh usted oos-ted You Thursday Jueves Way-vess War Guerra Gehr-ra 81 el He Friday Viernes Vee-air-ness His, her, hers su so0 Saturday Sftbado Sah,bah-do ella She Numbers They ellos el-yos mi Me mee One.-half un medio oon may-dee-oh HumanBody mi mee MY 1 uno 00-no mio me6-o 2 dos Brazo Brah-so dos We nosotros no-s6-tro, Arm 3 tres Back Espalda Es-pah1-dah trayss Your su so0 4 cuatro Body Kwair-po Cuerpo kwah-tro Our Nuestro Noo-ess5 cinco Ear Oreja 0-ray-hah seen-co tro 6 seis Oh-hoh say-is Eye ojo Their su S 0 O 7 siete Finger Day-do Dedo see-eh-teh E9-b~ These Estos 8 ocho Foot Pee-ay Pie O-ChO 9 nueve Hair Pay-lo Pel0 nway-veh Money 10 diez Hand Mah-no Mano dee-ess Dollar Peso Pay-so once Cah-bag-sah 11 Head Cabeza on-say Cent Centavo Sen-tah-vo 12 doce Pee-air-nah Leg Pierna do-seh 13 trece 50 cents CinCUenta sin-kwen-tah Mouth Bo-cah Boca tray-seh Centavos sen-tah-vos Neck 14 Pescuezo Pes-kway-so catorce cah-tor-seh How ~Cuanto? Kwahn-to 15 Nariz Nose quince Nah-rees keen-seh 16 much? Dientes Teeth Dee-en-tess diez y seis dee-ess ee say-is, 17 diez y siete dee-esa eesee-eh-teh 18 diez y ocho dee-ess ec o-cho Distances 1 9 diez y nueve dee-ess ee nway-veh Distances are often given in kilometers, not miles. One kilometer equals y8 20 veinte vain-teh of a mile. 21 veintiuno vain-tee-00-no 30 treinta train-tah Kildmetros Kee-lo-may-tros Kilometers 32 treinta y dos train-tah ee dos Pulgada Pool-gah-dah Inch 40 cuarenta kwah-ren-tah Foot Pie Pee-ay 50 cincuenta seen-kwen-tah Mile Milla Mil-yah 60 sesenta Sav-sen-tah 70 setenta say-ten-tah Illnesses 80 ochenta 0-chen-tah 90 noventa no-ven-tah &toy enfermo. es-toy en-fair-moe I am sick. Are 100 cien see-en you sick? ;.Esta Vd. enfermo? es-tah oos-ted 165 ciento sesenta Y see-en-to say-sen en-fair-moe cinco tah ee seen-co Tengo un dolor I have a pain here teng-goe oon do1000 mil meel aqui. lorah-kee. Lie down! i Acuestese! ah-kwes-tay-say I need a purgative Necesito un nay-say-see-toe oon Food, Drink,Tobacco purgante poor-gahn-tay Give me some *me quinina day-may key-neeKnife . . Cuchillo Tay-nay-dor quinine. nah Fork Tenedor Coo-chah-rah Chills Escalofrios es-kah-lo-free-os Spoon Cuchara Oo-nah tab'-sah Cold Resfriado ress-free-ah-do A cup Una taza day kah-fay Contagious Contagioso con-tah-hee-oh-soe of coffee de cafe day tay Illness: Ehfermedad en-fair-may-dad oftea de te aoo-cheel-yo Indigestion Indigestion een-dee-hes-tee-on A glass Un vas0 Oon vah-so Influenza Influenza een-floo-en-sah of beer de cerveza d&y sair-vaysak 1 Medicine Medicina may-dee-see-nah Beans Frijoles Free-ho-les Poison: Veneno; vay-nay-noe Bread Pan Pahn poisoning envenenamiento en-vay-nay-nahButter Mantequilla Mahn-tay-kee:-yah mee-en-toe Huevos, Way-vos Pescado Pays-cab'-do AccidentsandWounds Meat Carne Cahr-ne Milk Leche Lay-che Are you iEst& usted es-tah 00s-ted Potatoes Papas Pah-pas hurt? .lastimado? lahs-tee-mah-doe Rice dish Arroz Ah-rohs My arm is broken Esta roto (or quees-tah roh-toe Drinking water Agua potabl e Ah-gwah pobrado) mi brazo (keh-brah-doe) tah-ble mee brah-soe Food Comida co-mee-dah I am wounded Estoy herido es-toy air-ee-doe Matches Fosforos Fos-fo-ros inthefoot en el pie en ell pee-ay Oranges Naranjas Nah-rahn-has in the head en la cabeza en 1ah cah-bay Pipe Pipa Pee-pah ah-key sah Salt Sal Sahl here aquf Sugar Azucar Ah-soo-car Canyou dress a ~Puede Vd. vendar pway-day 00s-ted Tobacco Tabaco Tah-bah-ko wound? una herida? ven-dar oo-nah Tomatoes Tomates To-mah-tes air-ee-dah Wine Vino Vee-no Aspirin Aspirina ahs-pee-ree-nah
I

Months

2 : :

Page 16

"Official U. S. Navy Photographs.

Under. Navy's new recognition system, planes are recognized at flying angles ilz one sevelzty-fifth of a secolzd m d ships on glaring water can be ii-dentifiedafter a 1 -second glance.

The New Recognition System

MethodMakesPossibleSplit-Second Identification in Automatic Fashion
The Navy has adopted anew System for recognizingenemy craft, essentially a method muscular eye trainof ing to teach men toknow a total object after only a flash view. s Known a the OfficialU. S. Navy Recognition System, the new method is now being taught to all Navy men aboardcombatships, a t shorestations and in training schoolswhich prepare for duty. men sea Officer instructors in the new skill a r e being trained a t Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio. The system, worked out by psychologists and Navy men since the outbreak of war, replaces the method in general use of teaching men to distinguish friend from foe by recognizing separate features of enemy craft and equipment. Under the new method,men are trained to recognize the enemy in a fraction of a second from the total image, just as a child may learn to read a whole word a t a time instead of reading each letter which forms a faster word. It i s considered both and more accurate thanthe older ' WEFT system, primarily because recognition is based on an instinctive muscular reaction rather than on a conscious mental process of adding togethersuchfeatures as wing and tail or turrets and stacks. The training school for instructors of the Official Navy Recognition System has beenopen since September 1942 when it was established by the Bureau of Aeronauticsfor the men innavalaviation.Immediate internationalinterest was drawn tothe training center as men from the United States Army and the armies and navies of other United Nations came to study new method. the In a short time the school was put under the more general cognizance of the Bureau of Naval Personnel and the coursewas expanded to include the recognition of shipand ground equipment as well as planes. Today, instructors trained a t Columbus are aboard all the major combat ships of the United States Fleet and in many of the training centers. The ultimate Navy, goal is to reach every man in the both new and old, and train him in the new method of recognition. The basic equipment used in the training is a collection of 2,000 slides which present 168 different objects from every anglefrom which they might enter the field of vision. These slides are shown from a projector with a flash meter which regulates the length of time the image is thrown on the screen. Theintroductory speed forairplaneshots is one-fifth of a second and for ships, 3 seconds.At the end of the full 120-hour course, planes are recognized a t flying angles inpone seventy-fifth of a second and ships on glaring water can be identified after a 1-second glance. Daily sessions with these slides so train the student's eyes that the image and its combat significance are literally hammered into the mind. At the sametime, other slides are used to enlarge the normal rangeof vision so that objects to the side of the observer can be seen and recognized as quickly as those straight ahead. The device
"

used to accomplish this is a series of numbers flashed on the screen. The learner is taught to look at thecenter of the series and expand his vision so that he can see the numbers on both ends at the same time. I n addition to these two basic elements in the training, men are given lecturesoneachtype of ship,plane or armored equipmentas it is introduced to them. They are also shown movies, slides, and charts are and given models to study so that recognition of an object brings automatic understanding of its combat characteristics. S u c h instantaneous recognition may often save the life of a pilot or a shipi n combat when the enemy may appearfromany direction. Men on apthe ground tell can whether proachingplanesor a distanttank column are hostile or friendly and men on ships during a fight can tell whether the plane swoopinglow on the,port beam is an attacker or a defender. Accurate recognition a t a distance is one of the most important elements of the entiresystem. The recognition instructors trained a t Ohio State University are all prepared to serve in other capacities aboard ship, and their retraining of men in the new system is only one of their duties. They carry aboard a special kit with the slides, projectors, and other equipment necessary to trainthe ship's complement. It is expected that these officerswill remain a permanent part of the ship's staff to helpthemenretaintheir recognition skill through constant practice.

Page 17

1 THEMONTHSNEWS
I
(Period of April 21 Through May 20)

E E

Allies Take All North Africa; Bombing Raids on Ezcrope Stepped Up; U.S. Attacks Japs on Attu

The War
The endcamequickly in Africa. How fast is shown by this list of newspaperheadlines: May 1-Axis Drive Developing in Tunisia. S. Troops, in Uphill May 3-U. Fight, Gain on Bizerte. May 4-Yanks Capture Mateur, Enter Tunis Plain. May5-Allies Within Gun Range of Rizerte. May 15 3 ColumnsDrive on Bizerte; Nazis Face Tebourba Trap. Mas 7-Axis PlanesDrivenFrom Tunisian Skies. May 8-U. S. Troops Take Bizerte: British Occupy Tunis; Cornered Axis Forces Flee Toward Cap Bon Under the Greatest Aerial Barrage in History. May 10-Allies Take 50,000 Captives; 400 U. S. Planes Blast Key Sicilian Port. May 11-Allies Driving to Seal Cap Bon; Fleeing Troop Barges Sunk. May 12-Nazi Troops GiveUp to French: 20,000 More Surrender on Cap m n . Mas 13-All Enemy Resistance in Tunisia Ceases; Von Arnim Taken.. May 14-Total Number of Prisoners Nears 175,000; Violence Spreading in Europe.

Allied armies last month ended the 3-year-old battle for Africa in victory, driving the Axis completely out of the dark continentwith the capture of the last remaining enemy poNo Axis forces sitions Tunisia. in remain in North Africa who are not prisoners in our hands, said an Allied communique. Some 267,000 Germans and Italians were taken prisoner in the closing days of the campaign, including Col. Gen. Jurgen von Arnim, German. commander in chief. Vast quantities of Axis supplies and equipment-much of it serviceablewere taken. As Africa fell, the United States attacked in the North Pacific, invading the Japanese-held island of Attu in the Aleutians. Army troops landed

under the protection of warships and planes. As the Information Bulletin went to press, the Japanese had been driven into a small corner of the strategic island and United States forces were closing in. There werealso promises of more offensive action against the Japanese. British Prime Minister Churchill-in Washington for his fourth conference with PresidentRoosevelt since the bea ginning of thewar-declaredin speech before Congress that Britain would fight side by side with the United States in the Pacific until Japans cities lie in ashes-for in ashes they must surely lie. Meeting with theheads of the two governments were high-ranking military and naval leaders, including those from the Far East. a Perhaps foreshadowing new developments in the Far Eastwas a meeting between Gen. Douglas MacArthur CASUALTY FIGURES and Admiral William P. Halsey. Casualtiesamongnavalpersonnel I n Europe, a through May 20 totaled 24,006. The fensive against three-pronged inair ofthe Axis was progtotals since Dec. 7, 1941: ress. By day, American planes Dead Wnded Missing Total pounded enemy objectives all over the U . .Navy 5,593 2,227 9,904 17,724 S continent; at night the RAF followed U. S. Marine u p The Russians joined with air Corps _ _ _ _ 1,566 2,447 2,011 6,024 raids on important industrial centers U. S. Coast in the east. Armadas of planes numGUUd- 78258 22 158 - bering inthe hundredswere pounding 7,237 4,696 12,073 24,006 industrial area,s and ports in Ger-

Page 18

many, Italy, France,Norway, the Low Countries, Poland, Czechoslovakia, and the Balkans. On Sunday, May 9, more than 400 American Fortresses, Flying Billy Mitchells, and Marauders Martin raided the important city of Palermo on thenorthern coast of Sicily. It was described as greatest the allAmerican raid in history. Inanotherdaringraid,the RAF mined and blew up two of Germanys largest dams in the important Ruhr and Weser Valleys. For days flood waters roaredthrough the two valleys, damaging vital power plants and industrial centers, destroying communications and leaving a reported 120,000 persons homeless. Fighting still was in progress on virtuallytheentire Russian front.In the Novorossisk sector, Soviet artillery and infantrycontinued to pound German blockhouse and trench positions. A new Russian thrusthurled back German armor in the Lower Donets area between Kharkov andRostov. TheJapanese moved forwardon two fronts in the Far East. I n North Hunan Province, fightingcontinued unababed for Chinas rice bowl. In Official U. S. Army Signal Corps Radio Telepholo. Burma, British and Indian troops fell back to within a few miles from the THE PROUD AFRIKA CORPS: Some 267,000 Axis troops were takem prisomer when Africa fell to the Allies last month. The Nazi soldiers India frontier under Japanese attacks. The monsoons, beginning above were part of theenemy colztingemt captured when Britishand within a few days, were expected to halt any further land operations in American forces took Bizerte. Burma.
72

United States Army Air Forces in China have destroyed Japanese aircraft at the rate of 19 to 1 inair combat and much better in the aggregate since beginning operations July 4, 1942. This was reported by Lt. Col. Herbert Morgan, assistant chief of staff and operations officer forthe 14th Air Force, onhisreturn to Washington

of the ships in the convoy were said to have reached pbrt in Safety.

- a
The French Cruiser, Georges Leygues, operating out of Dakar, recently sank a large German submarine supply ship, returningtoport with 90 prisoners. The supply ship reportedly was enroute to Japan.

and is continuing a t a rate of tens of billions of do!lars a year, reported the Board of Economic Warfare.

a
The Army revealed that Lockheed LightningFighters (P-38s) are now beingflown undertheir ownpower from factories to European and African combat zones via the North and South Atlantic.

a
A light United States patrol force and a Japanese fleet foughta 3%-

From London, the United Press reported a Halifax bomber managed to hour engagement west of Attu- Island get home somehow after the followit: (1) inthe Aleutians March 26 it was ingthingshadhappenedto One propeller was shot away by antiannounced month. hits last Shell werescored on twoheavy Japanese aircraft fire; (2) It went overon its cruisers and one cruiser. light At back and the other motors quit; (3) least one torpedo hit wasscored on It had flak in the wings, ailerons and $uselage; (4) The astro-dome was a Japanese heavy cruiser before the doors wouldnt enemy withdrew. United States shot off. The bomb because the hydraulics were casualties were light, as was damage close tore loose, gone; (5) A parachute to vessels. rolled against the control panel and a turned off all the planes lights when (6) The flight The greatest success against it wasoverCologne; enemy submarines thusfarinthe engineer fell part way throughthe war was reported May 12 by the astro-domeopening and hung head British Admiralty following an 8- down from the cowling; (7) The rear in turret day battle between Allied escort ships gunner was trapped his and planes against a pack of as when the doors jammed and had to many as 20 Axis U-boats attacking hack his way outwith an axe; (8) a n Atlantic convoy. Said the Ad- The plane dived from 18,000 to 4,000 miralty: Four U-boats are known to feet. have been sunk,four veryprobably German plunderi occupied Europe n were destroyed and two others prob- by the end of 1941 totaled $36,000,ably weredestroyed. Themajority 000,000, the greatest loot in history,

The United States severed political relationsandterminatedall agreements with Martinique and recalled U. S. Consul General Marcel E. Malige. A note delivered to the HighCommissioner of the island saidthe United States will not recognize or negotiate with any Frenchrepresentative in the Antilles who remains. subservient to or maintains contact with the Vichy regime.

Six weeks after the U. S.-BritishCanadian antisubmarine conference at Washington; U. S. anC Canadian naval officials announced a plan to protect the NorthAtlanticshipping laneswith an umbrella of planes. The plan calls for U. S., Canadian, and British planes accompanying convoys to combat German submarines,

a
Russian Premier Joseph Stalin said in a May Day order of the day that

Page 19

reservoirs for all types or naval supplies from which stocks of supply activities along the seacoasts are replenished. A 1 1 a r e strategically located. The most complete chart of. Antarctica and the southern Polar regions ever issued has been released by the Hydrographic Office. It includes all information previously published and a great deal never published before, including data from all expeditions.

The Navys program of indoctrination training for officers commissioned from civilian life is to be modified and revised in order to correlate it with the new V-12 college training program. Colleges will provide the majority of officers of the Naval Reserve and the number t o be commissioned directly from civilian life will decrease sharply. The number of schools used for indoctrinal training will be reduced to four.

Official U. S. Army Signal Corps Radio Telephoto.

SUNKEN ITALIAN SHIP: Allied bombers blasted this big ememy uessel
am! sent her ouer om her side im the Harbor of Bizerte just before the important city fell to the Allies. This harbor cam mow be used by the British am! Americam Navies f o r further offensiues agaimst the Axis.
the RussianWinterCampaign, the Africancampaign and Anglo-American air raids on Axis objectives have shaken the Hitlerites war machine to its foundations and created the preliminary conditions necessary for victory. Lt. Gen. Frank M. Andrews, U. S. commander in the European theater, and Methodist Bishop Adna Wright Leonard were killed with 11 others inanairplanecrashin Iceland. five-hold, blew the hatch to splinters.
All crew memberswere rescued.

The Navy program for placing women reserves in the hospital corps gains momentum. I n t h epast month at least 600 candidates were put into orientation classes and 115 graduates were assigned to their first duties at shore establishments throughout the country. Already 420 women reserves have received ratingsinthe hospital corps. More than 1,100 women have been accepted for training.

7 2
Increasingly greater numbers of Negroes areenteringtheNa vY through Selective Service procedures. It is expected that approximately 15 percent of the men to be inducted this year willbe members of the Negro race.

few were injured.

The Navy
The Navys chain of inland supply depots, situated at strategic spots over the country, has been completed with the commissioning of the Naval Supu s Deuot at Clearfield, Utah. It is l the largest such unit west of the Mi!2S sissippi. Theinland depots serve zL

The names of three Allied ships sunk by Japanese aircraftoff Guadalcanal April 7 were disclosed: The 1,700-ton U. S. destroyer Aaron Ward; the U. S. tanker Kanawha, and the New Zealand corvette Moa. Allied fighters shot down 39 of the 98 attacking enemy planes. The OWI reported that of 400 soldiersburned by flaming oil inthe North African occupation, plasma and speed of treatment saved the lives of all but 6.

RickenbackerWas On Funafuti
It was to the tiny island of Funafutiinthe Ellice Islands that Navy rescuers took Capt. Eddie Rickenbacker and his six companions when they were picked up following their 21 days on rubber rafts in the Pacific. Funafuti is the largest of 30 islets comprising the Funafuti atoll in theEllices. Col. Hans Christian Adamson, w i t h Captain Rickenbacker when hisplane was forced to land in the sea, revealed that Navy hospital corpsmenwere on the island when they were landed and saved my life with blood plasma.

Waterproof envelopes of a new type which completely protect enclosed papers when totally submerged in water have been perfected and are to he used for shipping documents and consignments of materials overseas.

Purchases of War Bonds by naval personnel during April totaled $21,675,573, almost $3,000,000 higher than the previous record set in December
1942.

No oneaboard a U. S. merchant vessel sailing the Caribbean would sleep on the hatch over the five-hold. Men whispered thatthe five-hold, sleeping aftand usually a favored place, was jinxed. As the ship neared the end of her 40,000-mile cruise a German torpedo smashed intothe

Representatives of some 150 colleges and universities met with naval authorities May 14-15 to discuss the Navy College Training Program at ColumbiaUniversity i n - New York. The program begins July 1.

The Home Front

500 of them heavy bombers, was the

Six thousand two hundred planes,

by production record set American industryin March.Otherrecords as reported by Secretary and Knox

Page 20

Donald M. Nelson, head of the War Production Board: Liberty ships exceeded a 100-a-month rateforthe first time; the number of new vessels of all classes, except landingcraft, completed by the Navy during the first 4 months of this year, was equivalent to a 25-percent increase in the numerical strengthof the fleet and its auxiliaries over January 1 of this year; combat aircraft delivered to the Navy during April ran four into figures for the first time.

Quotes of the Month

An American staff officer in Africa on the collapse of Axis armies in Tunisia: When the big attack came off they obligingly let us go through their infantry without opposition. But instead of trying to smash on forward against their. antitank guns as they hoped we would, we just swung our tanksaroundand bagged theirinfantry inone big pocket and cut them to pieces. Then we worked them over some more with our artillery, and the next thing there a lineof German was generals knocking at our door ready to surrender.
$3

Official U. S. Army Signal Corps Radio Telephoto.

Secretary The Knox: hour at which we shall strike a t his (enemy) main fortifications, both in m r o p e and Asia, draws near.
$3

HOW AMERICANS CLEANED OUT SNIPERS: Talzks preceded America@ forces ilzto Africa@ cities ilz search of snipers. Voiulzteer infantry m m crawled behilzd them to fircish the job.
Battalion,MinniepresentedhershipMemflite, publication of the U. S.

Vice President Henry A. Wallace: American boys haveagain proved their mettle--this time. in Tunisia. Africa has been won. The fortress of Europe lies ahead.
OWI Director Elmer Davis: Some day-not soon-but day-the some whole master race willdo what its African army did-decide that it is licked andquit . . . No termsfor the enemy except unconditional surrender.

a
The Cloud Buster, publication of the U. S. Navy Pre-Flight School a t Chapel Hill, N. C.,reported a novel method for. teaching cadets and radio code. While practicing receiving, the days news is sent to the cadets, permitting them to keer, abreast of current events while t c e y learn code.
~~~~ ~ ~~~~

steaming kettle out the mess kitchof en when an ensign stopped themSaid he: Getme a Spoon. A spoon was Produced. he tasted the contents spat disgustedly, growling: you call that soup?, sir,, replied One Of the meSS cooks timidly, We call that dishwater.

I~ ~

~~~

$3

Secretary Knox: We are building this Navy not alone for the purpose of winning the war, but for preserving f the ensuing peace as well. I we want America to live in a world of peace, we must finda way tomaintain a world in which aggressive war is not likely. We must back our pledges with brute force.

Wave Washes Seaman Off Ship; Second WaveTosses Him On Another

John Andrew Urtchok, S ~ C , USNR,of New York City, had justfinished evening chow and was making his way aft to the crews quarters via the torpedo deck and afterdeck house to escape the foul weather. Just as he arrived at the after gun, a mountainous wave hit the vessel, sweeping Urtchok overboard. The waveslooked like three-story buildings, the seamantold shipmates later. Just before darkness, a second destroyer with her searchlight trained on the seaman closed in, hoping to throw him a line. As the stern slid by, Urtchok was lifted by a wave, slammed on the fantail of the destroyer and was grabbed by a seaman who had been aiding in the rescue efforts. Said Urtchok when it was all over (40 minutes after it began) : Even with the life ring, I thought I wasnt going to be home again, ever.

Miscellany

$3

At the Charleston, S. C., Navy Yard sailors found a newuse for the Librarys recordplayer,purchased to provide recorded symphonies. It was being used to play recorded greetings from the girls back home. For exceptional service at the Dutch Harbor Naval Base, Minnie, a terrier, has been officially elevated to the rating of Mascot, IC,by the Seabees, Only mother inthe Seabee

Page 21

Navy Department Communiques

No. 351: April 21,1943
South Pacific (Dates East Longitude) : 1. OnApril 19: ( a ) Flying fortress (Boeing B-17) heavy bombers attacked Japanesepositions at Kieta, on Bougainville Island. (b) Avenger (Grumman TBF) torpedo bombers attacked the Japanese airfield at Kahili, intheShortland Island area. ( c ) A second formation of Avengers attacked Japanese shipping at Tonolei Harbor, Bougainville on Island. A direct hit was scored on one freighter and several near hits were scored on a second freighter.

2. On April 20, a force of Avengers and Dauntless (Douglas) light bombers bombed Japanese installations at Munda, in Central the Solomons. Several antiaircraft positions were silenced and a large fire was started.
North Pacific:
3. On April 19, Japanese installations at Kiska were attacked 15 times by formations of Army planes. Liberator (Consolidated B-24) heavy bombers, Mitchell (North American B-25) medium bombers, and Lightning (Lockheed P-38) and Warhawk (Curtiss P-40) fighters carried out these raids. The bombing and strafing attacks were made at varying al-

titudes and resulted in numerous hits on the main camp area, the runway and defensive positions. Fires were also started.

NO. April 22,1943 352:

South Pacific (Dates East Longitude) : 1. OnApril 20: During the night, Liberator (C o n s o 1i d a t e d) heavy bombersbombed Japaneseinstallationsin Numa Numa Harbor, Bougainville Island. weather Bad prevented observation of results. 2. On April 21: A large force of Army bombers carried out a daylight bombing attack on Nauru Island, in the Gilbert Island Group. I n spite of heavy antiaircraft fire and defendingfighterplanesmuch damage was done to Japanese installations. United States pilots shot down five and possibly seven Zero fighters. All United States planes returned.
North Pacific:
3. OnApril 20: Japanese installations at Kiska were attacked 10 times by formations of Army planes. Liberator h e a v y bombers, Mitchell (North American B-25) medium bombers and Warhawk (Curtis P-40) fighters carried out these raids. Strafingfromvariousaltitudes was carried out conjunction in with bombing. Hits were scored on the runway and camp area.

No. 353: April 2 3 , 1 9 4 3

South Pacific (Dates East Longitude) : 1. On April 21: ( a ) A group of

THIS GLOBAL M A P shows last mortths activity i n the Pacific us artnounced in Navy Departmemt commurtiques.

United States fighter planes strafed Japanese positions inthe Bougainville Strait area. Enemy installations near Cape Alexander, on Choiseul ISland, were also bombed. (b) During the night, Flying fortress (Boeing l3-17) and Liberator (Consolidated B-24) heavybombers, supported by Avenger (Grumman TBF) torpedo bombers, attacked Poporang Island in the Shortland Island area. Two of the many fires which were started were visible for 40 miles. ( c ) During the same night, Avenger torpedo bombers attacked an enemy cargo shipnear Buin in the Shortland Island area. Enemy fighter interception prevented observation of results, but it is believed hits were scored on the ship. All United States Planes returned. 2. On April 22: During the early morning a group of enemy bombers raided Funafuti, United States occupied position in the Ellice Island group. Light casualties t o personnel

Page 22

The North Pacific area,where U.S. hoops are om the offemsiue.

morning, Dauntless (Douglas) dive bombers, escorted by Corsair fighters, bombed and strafed, Japanese Positions at Rekata Bay, on Santa Isabel No. 354: April 24, 1943 Island. All United States planesreSouth Pacific(Dates East Longitude) : turned. 1. On April 22: ( a ) During the aftNo. 355: April 25,1943 ernoon, Avenger (Grumman TBF) South Pacific (Dates East Longitude): torpedo bombers attackedJapanese 1. On April 24: During themorning, installations at Munda in the Central Solomons. Bombs were dropped on Avenger torpedo bombers (Grumman Dauntless dive bombers the runway and antiaircraft Positions TBF) and (Douglas) escorted by Wildcat fightwere silenced. ( j Later the same afternoon, Cor- ers (GrummanF 4 F ) , attacked Munda l) on New Georgia Island. Buildings sair (Vought F4U) fighters carried were destroyed, a large fire was out a strafing attack on Munda and heavy explosionwas set to fire three grounded enemy started,anda observed. planes. ( c ) Following the straAng of the North Pacific: Munda area, the Corsairs raided Vjla, 2. weaon Kolombangara Island in the New ther,On April 24: Despitebad (LockArmy Lightning fighters Georgia group. ( d ) During night, the Liberator heed P-38) bombed and strafedKiska during the morning. Results were (Consolidated B-24) heavybombers not observed. bombed Kahili in the Shortland Island area. No. 356: April 26,1943 ( e ) All United States planes returnedfromthe above attack mis- South Pacific (DatesEast Longitude): 1. On April 25, duringthe early sions. 2. On April 23: During. the early of four Corsair morning, a group were suffered and minor damage was inflicted. (Vought F4U) fightersstrafed Japanese installations on Kolombangara Island, in the Central Solomons. 2. Later thesame group of Corsairs sightkd and attacked 10 enemy bombers, escorted by 20 Zeros, 95 miles northwest of LungaPoint, on Guadalcanal Island. During the aerial combat whichfollowed 5 Zeroswere shot down. Two United States planes failed to return.

No. 357: April 27, 1943 South Pacific (Dates East Longitude) : 1 On April 26, duringtheearly . morning, a group of Liberator (Consolidated E-24) heavy bombers attacked Japanese positions at Kahili in the Shortland Island area. North Pacific: 2. On April 25: ( a ) During the day, Japanese installations at Kiska were attacked 13 times by formations of Army planes. Liberator heavy bombers, Mitchell (North American B-25) medium bombers and Warhawk (Curtiss P-40) and Lightning (Lockheed P-38) fightersparticipated in these raids. Although bomb hits were Page 23

made on enemy positions, poorvisibility prevented complete observation of results. (b) On the same day, a group of Liberators attacked Attu Island and scored hits on the runway and other installations.

No. 358: April 28,1943 South Pacific (DatesEast Longitude) : 1 On April 27: ( a )During the early . morning a group of Liberator (Consolidated B-24) heavy bombers atat tacked Japanese installations Kahili and Ballale in the Shortland Island area andat Vila in the Central Solomons. Fires were started at Ballale and at Vila. ( b ) Later in the morning, five Flying Fortress (Boeing B-17) heavy bombers carried out a second attack on Kahili. Poor visibility prevented observation of results. North Pacific: 2. On April 26, formations of Army planes carried out 11 attacks against Japanese installations at Kiska. Liberator heavybombers and Mitchell (North American B-25) medium bombers, Lightning (Lockheed P-38) and Warhawk (Curtiss P-40) fighters participated in these raids. Hits were scored in the enemy main camp area, on the runway, and a number of buildings were destroyed. Damage was also inflicted on North Head. Canadian pilots, flying Warhawks, executed two otherattacks.

Action on Attu was reportedthis month ila Commuwiques 357, 359, 363,368,370,371,376,380,381,382, 383,384.

eight men, attempting to escape from Guadalcanal, was intercepted and wiped out by United States troops in the vicinity of Beaufort Bay, on the western coast of Quadalcanal Island. 2. On April 29: ( a )During the early morning, flying fortress (Boeing B-17) heavy bombers bombed the Japanese-held area a t Kahili in the Shortland Island area. Poor visibility prevented observation of results. (b) Later in the morning, avenger (Grumman TBF) torpedo bombers and Dauntless (Douglas SBD) dive bombers, escorted by Lightning (Lockheed P-38) and Corsair (Vought F4U) fighters, bombed Japanese installations a t Gatere on thesouthwestern coastof Kolombangara Island intheCentral Solomons. An antiaircraft position and a pier were destroyed. ( c ) During the afternoon, a group of Avenger torpedo bombers and No. 359: April 29,1943 Dauntless dive bombers, with Lightescort, attacked PelSouth Pacific (DatesEast Longitude) : ning and Corsair 1. On April 23, aforce of Army peli, two milesnorthwest of Gatere on Kolombangara Island. A fire was bombers attacked theJapaneseair base at Tarawa in the Gilbert Islands. started. ( d ) Aformation of Avenger torExtensive damage to enemy installations was indicated. Enemy fighter pedo bombers and Dauntless dive opposition and antiaircraft fire was bombers, supported by Wildcat attacked encountered, but all United States (Grumman F4F) fighters, Japanese positions at Munda in the planes returned. 2. On April 28, Liberator (Consoli- Central Solomons. Hits were scored on the runway,on the revetment area heavy bombers attacked dated -24) Japanese installations at Kahili in and on an antiaircraftposition. (e) All United States planes reat the Shortland Island and area turned above attack misVila intheCentral Solomons. Re- sions. fromthe sults were unobserved. No.361: May 1,1943 North Pacific: 3. On April 24, during the morning, South Pacific (Dates East LongiUnited States surface units bomtude) : bardedJapanese positions at Holtz 1. *On April 29: ( a ) During the Bay and at Chichagof Harbor, Attu Liberator a (Consolidated Island. Several fires were started by evening, bombed Japthe bombardment. No enemy gun fire B-24) heavy bomber was encountered. No further details anese installationsa t Numa Numa on thenortheast coast of Bougainville have been reported. 4. On April 27, despite bad weather, Island. (b) During the night, a group of Army Lightning (Lockhead P-38) heavy bombers attacked fighters carried out one attack against Liberator Kieta on the northern coast of BouJapanese installations at Kiska. Regainville Island. Two of the fourfires sults were not observed. which were started were visible for 50 No. 360: April 30,1943 miles. 2. On April 30: ( a )During the early South Pacific (DatesEast Longitude) : morning, a group of Flying Fortress 1. On April 28, during the morning, (Boemg E 1 7 1 heavy bombers raided a Japanese patrol of one officer and Japanese positions at Kahiliin the

ShortlandIslandarea. A large fire was started. ( b ) Later in the morning, a formation of Avenger (Grumman TBF) torpedo bombers and Dauntless (Douglas SBD) dive bombers, escorted by Airacobra (Be11 P-39) and Wildcat (Grumman F4F) fighters, bombed and strafed Japanese installations at Vila in the Central Solomons. ( c ) During the evening, Corsair (Vought F4U) fighters strafed the Japanese-held area at Rekata Bay on thenorthern coast of Santa Isabel Island. 3. All United States planes returned from the above operational missions.

No. 362: May 2,1943

South Pacific (Dates East Longitude) : 1. On April 30: During the morning Avenger (Grumman TBF) torpedo bombers and Dauntless (Douglas SBD) dive bombers, escorted by Corsair (Vought F4U) fighters, attacked Japanese positions a t Munda in the Central Solomons. North Pacific: 2. On April 30, Army Lightning (Lockheed P-38) fighters carried out two attacks on Japanese installations at Kiska.Hitswerescored but bad weather prevented complete observation of results.
'

No. 363: May 3,1943

South PacificSDates East Longitude) : 1. On May 2, during theday, a force of Avenger (Grumman TBF) torpedo bombers, escorted by Wildcat (Grumman F4F) fighters, bombed Japanese installations a t Munda in the Central Solomons. Hits were .score the on airfield, on the runway and in the revetment areas. North Pacific: 2. OnMay 1, formations of Army planes carried out 13 attacks against Japanese positions at Kiska.Liberator (ConsolidatedB-24) heavy bombers, Mitchell (North American B-25) medium bombers, and Lightning (Lockheed P-38) and Warhawk (Curparticipated in tiss P-40) fighters these raids. A heavy explosionwas observed in the vicinity of North Head. The runway damaged, was fires were started and heavysmoke was seen in other areas. 3. On the same day, Liberator heavy-bombers droppedbombs on the enemy target areas a t Holtz Bay and Chichanof Harbor on Attu Island.

No. 364: May 4,1943

South Pacific (Dates East Longitude) : 1. United States forces are estab-

lished on the Russell Islands, northIsland. These west of Guadalcanal islands were occupied without opposition in February sometime after enemy resistance had ceased on Guadalcanal.

Page24

2. On May 2, in afternoon, the Avenger (Grumman TBF) torpedo bombers, escorted by Wildcat (Grumman F4F) fighters, bomber Japanese installations at Munda, in the Central Solomons. 3. On May 3, a force of Avengers dive and Dauntless (Douglas SBD) bombers, escorted by Wildcat, Wayhawk (Curtiss P-40), and Lightning (Lockheed P-38) fighters, bombed and strafed Japanese installations a t Rekata Bay, on Santa Isabel Island. Defense positions were hit and a large fire was started. All United States planes returned. North Pacific: 4. On May 2, formations of Army planes out attacks carried eight against Japanese positions at Kiska. Mitchell American (North B-25) medium bombers and Warhawk and in Lightning fighters participated these raids. Hits were scored on North and South Heads. At Gertrude Cove fires were started and one building was destroyed.

Liberator (Consolidated E 2 4 ) heavy by Lightning bombers, supported (Lockheed P-38) fighters, carried out a bombing and strafing attack against Japanese installations on Attu Bland. Bomb hits were observedat Holtz Bay, and the Lightnings strafed Chichagof Harbor.

N o . 369: May 7,1943 South Pacific (Dates East Longitude) : 1. On May5, Lightning (Lockheed Actkolz at Kkska was reported this P-38) and Corsair (Vought F4U) mor& k Commulziques 351,352; fighters strafed Japanesepositions on Vella LavellaIsland in the Central 355,357,358,359,362,363,364,367, Solomons. 370,371,375,377. 2. On May 6, during the morning, a force of Dauntless(Douglas) dive bombers,Avenger (Gru-mman TBF) erationsagainstthe enemy inthe torpedobombers, and New Zealand waters of these areas: Warhawk bombers (Curtiss P-40) (a) Two destroyers sunk. escorted by Corsair and Wildcat (b) One medium-sized tanker sunk. (Grumman F4F).fighters, attacked (c)Onemedium-sizedcargoship Japanese installations at Munda, on sunk. New GeorgiaIsland intheCentral td) One medium-sized supply ship Solomons.Numerousexplosions and sunk. fires wereobserved. C ) One e medium-sized transport Pacific and Far East: sunk. N o . 365: May 4,1943 Q ) Onelargetransportdamaged 3. A United States submarine reNorth Pacific: and probably sunk. ported the following results'of opera2. These actions have not been an1.Announcement maynow bemade tions against the enemy duringa war nounced inany previous Navy Deof additionaldetails of thesurface patrol in these waters, early this year, partment Communique. engagementbetween a lightUnited under the Command of the lateComStatespatrol force and a Japanese mander Howard W. Gilmore, USN: No. 367: May 5,1943 force to the westward of Attu Island (a) One medium-sized cargo ship on March 26, 1943 (previously re- South Pacific (Dates East Longitude) sunk. : ported in Navy Department Com( b ) One gunboat damaged and 1. On May 4: (a) During the day, a munique No. 327). force of Warhawk (Curtiss P-40) and probably sunk. 2. The United States force, consist(e) One F4F) fighters damaged. medium-sized cargo ship Wildcat (Grumman ing of oneheavycruiser, onelight bombed andstrafedJapanese posicruiser four and destroyers, was 4. Commander Gilmoregave tions a t Vangavanga and at Ringi intheactionagainstthegunboat his life patrolling inthe area to the southeast Cove oh Kolombangara Island in the listed above. As he lay on the bridge of the Komandorski Islands when Avenger (Grumcontact wasmadewith the enemy Central Solomons. mortally wounded by enemymachineshortly after dawn on the 26th. The man TBF) torpedo bombers and gunfire,heordered his Dauntless (Douglas SBD) dive bomb- submerged to save it from submarine Japanese force was composed of two threatened F4U) ers,Corsair with (Vought heavy cruisers, two light cruisers, six destruction. fighter escort, followed the attack destroyers and two transports,and 5. These actions have not been anstrafing. was headed eastward toward the with additional bombing and A fire was started a t Vangavanga and nounced in any previousNavy DeAleutians. partment Communique. 3. Firing was opened at long range smoke wasobserved in theRingi Cove area. All United States planes reandthe engagementcontinued for No. 370: May 7,1943 . turned. 3% hours. Hits were scored on both (b) Flying Fortress (Boeing B- North Pacific: sides. At the startof the engagement the enemy force was to the eastward 17) heavybombersattacked Vila in 1. United States forces have estabSolomons and Rekata Bay of the United States force, and, in the the Central lished military positions, including an maneuvering to reverse positions on SantaIsabel Island, starting afire airfield, on Amchitka and have been three of the United States destroyers at the latter area. in occupation of this island since Janwhich launched a torpedo attack uary.Amchitka i s an island in the North Pacific: caused the enemy to break off the en2. OnMay 3, formations of Army Rat Island group, in which is also logagement and withdraw. cated the Japanese-held island of nine 4. Extent of the damage inflicted planes carried outattacks Japanese installations at Kiska. Previous to the occupation of on the enemy vessels is not definitely against Amchitka the island of Adak, in the known, but shell hits were scored on Kiska. Liberator (Consolidated E 2 4 ) Andreanof Islands,had been occupied (North both of the Japanese heavy cruisers heavy bombers, Mitchell by American forces. (Occupation of and on one of the light cruisers. At American B-25) medium bombers and positions in the Andreanofs was anLightning (Lockheed P-38) and War- nounced in Navy Department Comleast one torpedo hit was scored on a hawkfightersparticipatedinthese heavy cruiser. Minor damage was munique No. 138, on October 3, 1942.) sustained by United States vessels and raids. Three fires were started in the The announcement of the occupation casualties t o personnel were extremely enemy main camparea and hitswere of Amchitka has been withheld until observed other in areas. Heavy our positions on this island were fully light. smoke was seen at.North Head. consolidated. No. 366: May 4,1943 2. The occupation of Amchitka and No. 368: May 6,1943 Pacific and FarEast: Adak were unopposed by the enemy. North Pacific: In the occupation of Amchitka the 1. United States submarineshave 1. On May 4, during the afternoon, weatherpresented the greatest obreported the following results of opPage 25

stacle, causing damage to landing stroyer, and several nearhits were craft and severe privation to person- observed on two other destroyers. nel in the early stages of the opera(21) The same morning, Avenger tions. In later periods the positions (Grumman torpedo TBF) bombers were subjected to air reconnaissance and Corsair (Vought F4U) fighters, by Japanese aircraft and light bombbombed andstrafedJapanese posid tions at Munda. ingattacks.(Reconnaissancean bombing flights by enemy planes over United States positions in the Western No. 373: May 11,1943 , Aleutians were reported in Navy Department Communiques No. 268, 273, South Pacific (Dates East Longitude) : 281, and 287.) 1. On May 10: (a) During the 3. On May 5, Army planes carried morning, a force of Dauntless (Dougout six attacks against Japanese installations at Kiska. Liberator (Con- las SBD)divebombers and Avenger (Grumman TBF) torpedo bombers, solidated B - 2 4) heavy bombers, Mitchell (North American B-25) me- escorted by Corsair (Vought F4U). dium bombers and Warhawk (Curtiss Wildcat (Grumman F4F) and LightP-40) fighters, participated. in these ning (Lockheed P-38) fighters, atat installations raids.Hits werescored in the Ger- tacked Japanese trude Cove, maincamp,North and Munda on New Georgia Island in the South Head, Submarine Base, and Central Solomons. Hits werescored beach areas. A number of fires were on enemy antiaircraft positions and started in the beach section and one several fires were started. ( b ) During the afternoon, Dauntbuilding destroyed was on North less dive bombers and Avenger torHead. bombers, with Corsair escort, 4. On the same Attu day, was pedo bombed andstrafedfour times by bombed Japanese positions a t Vangavangaon the southwestcoast of Liberator heavy bobibers, Mitchell medium bombers and L i g h t n i n g Kolombangara Island. (c) All United States planes re(Lockheed P-38) fighters.Hits were above attack misscored on Japanese installations and turnedfromthe sions. one enemyplane was destroyed.

Shortland Island area and started a number of fires which appeared to be burning enemy aircraft. morning, Dauntless (c) Later in the dive bombers and (Douglas SBD) Avenger (Grumman TBF) torpedo bombers, escorted by Warhawk (Curtiss P-40) and Corsair (Vought F4U) fighters,attacked Japaneseinstallations a t Munda on New Georgia Island in the Central Solomons. ( d l On thenight of May 12-13, United States surface light units bombarded Japanese positions a t Vila on Kolombangara Island and at Munda. 3. The Allied naval vessels which previously were announced as sunk by Japanese air attack on Allied shipping inthe vicinity of Guadalcanal on April 7, 1943, now can be named as the destroyer U.S. S. Aaron Ward, the tanker U. S. S. Kanawha, andthe corvette H. M. N. Z. S.Moa. The next of kin of all casualties aboard these vessels have been notified. Theaction previously was reported in Navy Department Communiques Nos. 337, 338, 339, and 340.

No. 371: May 8,1943 South Paciflc (Dates East Longitude) : 1. On May 6, during the afternoon, a United States plane shot down one Japanese seaplane southwest ofNew Georgia Island. North Pacific: 2. On May 6: (a) Formations of Army Warhawk (Curtiss P-40) fighterscarriedout five attacksagainst J a p a n e s e installations at Kiska. Bombs were dropped in all the target areas and direct hits were scored on enemy positions. ( b ) On the same day, formations of Army planes carried out seven attacks againstJapanese positionson Attu Island. L i b e r a t o r (Consolidated B-24) heavy bombers, Mitchell (North medium bombers, American -25) and Lightning (Lockheed P-38)fightersparticipated in theseraids.Hits werescored in all target areas, and several fires were started.

N o . 372: May 9,1943 south Pacific (DatesEast Longitude) : 1. On the nightof May 6-7, Liberator (Consolidated) heavy bombers attacked Japanese positions on Kahili, FauroIsland,andBallaleIslandin the Shortland Island area. 2. On May 8: ( a ) During the morning a formation of Dauntless (Douglas SBD)bombers, dive attacked several Japanese destroyers in the vicinity of Giso Island, in the New Georgia group. One hit with a 1,000poundbombwasscored onone dePage 26

No. 376: May 14,1943 North Pacific: 1. On May 11, United States forces No. 374: May 12,1943 landed at the Island of Attu in the South Pacific (DatesEast Longitude) : Aleutians, and are now engaged with Japanese forces on the island. De1. On May 11: ( a ) During the early tails of the operation will be released morning, a group of Army Flying For- when the situation clarifies. bombers tress (Boeing EL171 heavy bombed Japanese installations a t K2No. 377: May 14,1943 hili on Bougainville Island and a t Shortland Island. Fires were started South Pacific (DatesEast Longitude) : a t Kahili,butresults of the attack 1 On May 13: ( a ) Inthe early . onShortlandIsland were not ob- morning,Liberator a (Consolidated served. B-24) heavy bomber attackedJap(b) Later in the morning, a force anese installations at.Kahili while anof Dauntless (Douglas dive SBD) other Liberator bombed Ballale Isbombers and Avenger (Grumman landintheShortlandIslandarea. TBF) torpedo bombers, escorted by Results of these attacks were not obWildcat (Grumman F4F) and Corsair served. (Vought F4U) fighters, attacked Jap(6) In the early afternoon, United anese positions a t Rekata Bay, on States fighters engaged about 25 JapSanta Isabel Island. Two barges and anese Zeroes in the vicinity of the one seaplane were strafedand the Russell Islands.Sixteen Zeroeswere seaplane wasset onflre. definitely shot down and two more ( c ) A l l United States planes rewere probably destroyed. Corsair turned from these operational at(Vought F4U) fighter acplanes tacks. Five countedfor 15 of the Zeroes. United. States planes were lost, but No. 375: May 13,1943 two of the pilots were saved. North Pacific: North Pacific: 1. On May 11, a force of Army 2. On May 13: (a) Army Liberator Mitchell (North American B-25) me- heavy bombers attacked the Japanese dium bombers attacked Japanese inmain camp area a t Kiska. Results stallations a t Kiska, dropping bombs were not observed due to poorvision the runway and main camp area. bility. (b) During the same day, a formaSouth Pacific (Dates East Longitude): ofArmy Warhawk(Curtiss P2. On May 12: (a) During the tion fighters bombed Japanese instal40) morning, Flying Fortress (Boeing E lations a t Kiska. 17) heavy bombers bombed Japanese positions on Ballale Island in the No. 378: May 16,1943 Shortland Island area, and started a! South Paciflc (DatesEast Longitude) : large fire. ( b ) About thesame time, Flying 1 On May 13: ( a ) During the night . Fortresses attacked Kahili, the in Flying Fortress (Boeing B-17) heavy
'
I

This Is What a Raid on Munda Is Like

bombers attacked Japanese installations a t Kahili and on Ballale Island, in the Shortland Island area. Large fires were started. ( b ) On the same night Avenger (Grumman TBF) torpedo planes attacked Japanese shippingin the Buin area and scored two hits on a cargo vessel, which was observed to explode. ( c ) During the night four Japanese bombers dropped bombs on Guadalcanal Island, causing slight damage to United States installations. United States fighter planes attacked the bombers andshot downoneenemy bomber and damaged two others.' 2. On May 14: During the night Japaneseshipping in the Buin area was again attacked by Avenger torpedo planes, while Liberator (Consolidated B-24) heavy bombers attacked Japanese installations a t Kahili and on Ballale Island. No. 379: May 17,1943 South Pacific (DatesEast Longitude) : 1. On May 15, during the night, Avenger (Grumman TBF) torpedo bombers attacked four Japanese cargo vessels in the Buin area. One enemy ship was set on fire.

"Acme Photograph.

Smoke from Americanbombs rises fromMunda Airfield, the Jap base on New Georgia Island in the Solomolls which has been underrepeated attack from U. S. air and sea forces. The above photograph shows the whole of Munda point.

Pacific and Far East: 2. United Statessubmarineshave reported the following results of operations against the enemy in the waters of these areas. ( a ) One destroyer sunk. ( b ) One large cargo ship sunk. ( c ) One medium-sized cargo ship sunk. ( d l One medium-sized transport sunk. ( e ) Onesmallpassenger-freighter xnk. (f) One small escort vessel sunk. ( g ) One large tanker damaged. 3. These actions have not been announced in any previousNavy Department CommuniquB.
No. 380: May 17, 1943

North Pacific: 1. Operations against the Japanese on Attu Island are continuing.
No. 381 :May 18,1943 North Pacific: 1. The military situation now permits the announcement of some of

the details of the landing of United States forces on Attu Icland on May 11 (previously announced in Navy Department Communique No. 376). 2. The occupation began with scouting parties landing a t Blind Cove, Holtz Bay,located at the northeasternend of Attu.Mainlandings of United States troops were effected st two points (1) in the Holtz Bay area,and (2) at Massacre Bay, located at thesoutheastern end of Attu. 3. Thelandings were madeunder the cover of United States naval surface forces, which bombarded enemy installations in both areas, and United States Army planes, which attacked enemy positions in the vicinity of Chichagof Harbor. 4. Both groups of United States troops advanced inland, encountering stubborn enemy resistance from numerous machine gun nests. Japanese forces on the island have entrenched themselves along a rocky ridge. 5. In spite of unfavorable weather conditions, United States Army planes have carried several out bombing and strafing attacks since the initial landings were made. Our troops have
Page 27

established their positions on the island, and operations against the enemy are continuing.

United States casualties to date have been light.

No. 382: May 18,1943

Central Pacific: 1. On May 15, a force of Army Liberator (Consolidated B-24) heavy

No. 383: May 19,1943

North Pacific: 1. On May 18: (a) During the

morning, United States forces working inland from Holtz BayonAttu bombers attacked Japanese installaIsland were in possession of the high Bad weather tions on Wake Island. ridge southeast of Holtz Bay, and prevented observation of results. United States troops from the MassaUnited States planes were engaged by cre Bay area were advancing north22 Japanese Zero fighters, of which 2 ward. were definitely destroyed and 1 addi(b) During the day, the Massacre tional was probably destroyed. Bay force advanced up to a pass toSouth Pacific (Dates East Longitude) : ward the Holtz Bay force, and advancepatrolsfromthe two forces 2. On May 16,during the morning, joined. Navy andMarine Corps Dauntless ( e ) During the afternoon, the pass (Douglas SBD) dive bombers,escorted was cleared of enemy troopswhich by Army Airfacobra (Bell F-39) and Wildcat (Grumman F4F) fighters, withdrewtoward Chichagof Harbor, bombed and strafed Japanese instal- leaving only snipers behind. 2. Several 3-inch antiaircraft guns lations at Rekata Bay, Santa Isabel have been captured from the enemy Island. and are being used by our troops.
North Pacific: 3. On May 17, United States forces

clearing the Holtz Bay-Massacre Bay pass of enemy troops. 2. On M a y 19: ( a ) United States forces captured Sarana Pass leading to the Chichagof Harborarea.The contacts of the United States north and south forces from the Holtz Bay and MassacreBay areas haveconfined Japanese resistance to the Chichagof Harborarea,exceptfor isolated sniper activities. (b) A force of United States Army bombers attacked military objectives in the Chichagof Harbor area. 3. United States forces are now in possession of the runway in the Holtz Bay area.
South Pacific (Dates East Longitude) : 4. On May 18, during the night,six

on Attu Island attacked enemy positions on the highground between the two arms of Holtz Bay. In spite of strong counterattacks by the enemy, our troops took possession of this area in the evening. 4. United States surfaceforces continue to bombard enemypositions and to cover advances of our ground troops. 5. I n spite of the difficulties and hazards of operations on the island,

Japanese bombers attacked United States positions onGuadalcanalIsland in and the Russell Islands. There was noreport of damage cr casualties. The Japanese admiral who helped plan the sneak attack on Pearl Harbor and who boasted that he would South Pacific (Dates East Longitude) : dictate peace terms from the White 3. On May 17, United States dive House in Washington is dead, accordbombers attacked the Japanese sea- ing to the Tdkyo radio. I n a broadplane base at Rekata Bay on Santa Isabel Island. Results were not ob- cast picked up in Chungking, present capital of China,Radio Tokyo said served. 59-year-oldIsorokuYamamotodied in April in air combat on the foreNo. 384: May 20,1943 mostfront.AmericanplanesoperatingintheSouthand Southwest North Pacific: Pacific shot down numerous Japanese 1. On May 18, gunfire from United States light surface forces assisted in planes in April.

Cake For the Makin Raiders and a Navy

Pilot

Official U. S. Nary Photographs.

Two Parties in the Pacific, one for aviators aboard a carrier and the other for Marines aboard a submarine. A t the left, Lt.Col. Evans I. Carlson, USMC, cut a cake ? thesubmarine, wishing the baked by chefs aboard Marines good luck in a raid they staged the following day on a Jap seaplane base at Makin in the Gilbert

Islands. Transported by submarines, the Marines accomplished .their purposein its entirety, according t o Admiral Nimitz. A t the right, officers aboard a carrier in the southwest Pacific staged a party in wardthe room in celebration of the 27,000th landing aboard the vessel. Ensign Walter Robert Harman, 22, Santa Ana, Calif., holding the cake, made the landing.

Page 28

Blimp Training Centered At Lakehurst

With a fleet of 200 lighter-than-air ships authorized by Congress, all training of personnel for the Navys lighter-than-air fleet was placed last month under the command of CaPt. with Charles E. Rosendahl, m ~ , headquarters atthe Naval Air Station, Lakehurst, N. J. Creation of the new command gave the Navy five training commands for naval aviation. The are: others Naval Air Primary Training Command, Naval Air Intermediate Training Command, Naval Air Operational TrainingCommand,and Naval Air Technical Training Command. The contribution of blimps to convoy escort has resulted in a sharp expansion in thisphase of training since the beginning Qf the war. At present, pilot courses are 4 months long and Official U. S. Xn1-y Ihotoyraph. enlisted courses last 3 months. Upon successful completion of training, cadets are commissioned ensigns while enlisted men are designated either Chief Aviation Pilot or Aviation Pilot, First Class. Students are given primary training balloons in and small training Blimp Training a t LalrehurstNaval Air Station is preparing men for imblimps of a handy, maneuverable type. portantpatroland scouting work throughoutthe world. Cadetsin the After gaining proficiency in operation topphotographoperateasynthetictrainer, flying a courseindicated of this type, students are given trainby the mechanical crab in front of the instructor. At bottom, what its ing in patrol airships. Upon complelike from inside the trainer. -Navy blimps, it was recently revealed, are tion of the courses, graduates are asoperating from foreign bases. signed to blimp squadrons operating as part of the sea frontier forces. In these squadrons, officers undergo further trainingof an operational nature qualify to them command as pilots while enlisted men qualify in ship handling. Intensive ground schoolcourses are taken by all aspirants, including aerostatics, aerodynamics, aerology, airmanship, airship materials, lifting gases, navigation, airship engines, communications, ordnance airship and gunnery, airship design and construction, and airship instruments. I n announcing the creation of the new Command and naming its Chief, the Navy restated requirementsfor airship training candidates. Cadets must be between 18 and 27 years old, unmarried, American citizens of ten years standing, graduates of accredited high schools, and must meetphysical and general requirementsidenticalwithheavier-thanair standards. Officer candidates must be of rank of Lieutenant (junior grade), under 31 years of age, must have had atleast one year sea dutyas an officer in the Navy orMerchant Marine, and must meet the same physical requirements as those established for cadets. Official U. S. Navy.Photograph.

Future Lighter-than-Air Pilots Fly Course Qver Teachers Desk

Page 29

Official U. S. Navy Photograph.

Captured W-Boat Crew Marches Down Dusty Road to Prison Camp

Led by their commanding officer, Kapitan Leutnant (LieutenantCommander) Hellmut Rathke (in shorts), members of the crew of the German submarine sunk by the Coast Guard cutter Zcarus are led from the cutter by U. S. Marine guards. With the exception of the last German in the column, every man keeps step. The U-boat -was attacked months ago; As the Zcarus, southward bound from New York, sailed through calm seas on a routine run, the submarine was sighted 100 yardsdeadahead. Aftertwo patterns of depth charges, the crippledU-boat shotup,the conning tower burst open, and crew members made for the deck gun. Withering fire from the Zcarus started the sub sinking, and her crewmen jumped into the sea. The Zcarus picked up 33, and brought them to Charleston, S. C., as prisoners of war.

Neptune Holds Court for Seamen, Soldiers Crossing Equator

What mercymay be expected fromsuch an assemblage as this only men who havestood before it czn tell. Aboard a war-zone-bound U. S. transport near the equator (not shown in photograph) are, left to right, the Royal Dentistwithcigarandequipment; the Royal Judge, who sentenceshisprisoners to beshocked with an electric needle, to have their hair clipped to a short fuzz, and/or to be dunked in the ships canvas dunking trough; King Neptune himself; the Queen, with bare legs, short skirt and hair that looks like rope; the Royal Navigator; the Royal Chaplain, labeled sky pilot against mistaken identity; and, equipped with meat saws and certain more legitimate apparatus, the Royal Doctor.

Page 30

"Official U. S. iS'ary Photographs.

Navy Blimp .Finds Shipwrecked Men on Beacon Tower Near Cuban Coast
While cruising on anti-submarine patrol one day recently, a U. S. Navy airship sighted a sunken sailing craft and immediately began looking for survivors. Two men were found: One in the tower, and the other at the base, of approached. Food and the beacon light asthe blimp water were dropped, Navy patrol craft wassummoned, and therescue was made.

Navys' New Slate-Gray Uniform Similar in Design to Khaki

-

Capt. Charles D.Kirk, SC, USN, wears the working m i form that will replace khaki for Navy officers 8s the gray

material becomes available. Except that patch the pockets are smaller, the new uniform greatly resembles the khaki. Blue-black plastic buttons, slate gray shoulderboards with black braid and embroidered insignia are worn with the gray. Plain-visoredcap has black-braid chin-strap and slate-gray cap cover. Other items: m a y shirt with collar insignia, black tie, black shoes, black or gray socks.

Page 31

Stone to Tokvo
. I

A M E R I C A N FORCES i m lammry established a n e w base o nt h e 'island of Amchitka im the Rat Island group of the Aleutians, which also includes Japanese-held Kiska. Soon after the occupation of Amchitka,Army a d Navy forces imaded Attu, westermmost island of the Aleutians, also held by the laps. The pictures on the left-hand page show the general terrain of Amchitka and weather conditions. Pictures on this page show how the U . S. i s buildilzg up bases at Amchitka despite ob"official U. S. Rasy Photograph. stables. The i m a s i o n of Attu was the first U . S. offensive action N A V Y T O W N will be built where tents stand today. Men in foxholes in t h e North Pacific. are Seabees.

...after

"Official U. S. Army Signal Corps Photograph.

thaw, P40 rides dry runway whileszzrqounding area turnst o mud.

NAVY COMMUNICATIONS: Blinker lights are set a# om the beach,

"OWcial U. S. Navy Photograph.

NEW PIER (right) i s built for supply ships. M e n in foreground fill sandbags.

"Official T. S. Navy Photograph. I

GUADALCANAL TODAY, TEN MONTHS AFTER

Main Street, a taxi rolls by

...

...

shopping center,a smilefor cash customers

..

. . . city hospital, pals always welcome . . .

. . .phone booth; quiethere, skipper...

. ..municipal airport, oneof the busier spots ,.,

Page 34

..Cathedral.

We thank Thee for Thy help.

Official U. S . Marine Corps P h o t o m ~ ~ l l s .

"Official U. S. Marine Corps Photograph.

Guadalcanal's Beaches Today: Wrecked Jap Transports

This series of pictures shows some of the destruction inflicted on enemy transports by the U. S. Navy. Top: The Kinugawa Maru, a Japanese troopship, lies sunk by the stern off Guadalcanal beach. Bottom left: Around troop transport on the beach lie her landing boats in a mass of debris. Bottom right: The once proud Kyusuyu Maru, converted to a troopship, herstern completely decommissioned by American naval gunfire. These vesselswere sunk during the engagement of November 13-15 when American forces-led by the cruiser SanFrancisco-scored one of their greatest naval victories. Score card for the Americans in the battle: Sunk-twoenemy battleships, eight cruisers, six destroyers, eight transports, and four cargo ships. Damaged-two enemy battleships, one cruiser, and seven destroyers.

"Official U. S. Marine Corps Photographs.

Page 3.5

DECORATIONS and CITATIONS

Sub Skipper Orders Ship Down Without Him; AwardedMedal .of Honor
The C o n g r e s sional M e d a l o f Honor has been awarded p o s t h umously to Com~mander Howard W. Gilmore, USN, of New Orleans, La., who sacrificed his Corndr* Gilmore life to save his submarine and its crew from possible destruction by a Japanese gunboat. Surface cruising a t nightinthe Pacific, Commander Gilmores ship encountered the enemy craft which attemptedtoram it. Theattempt failed and Commander Gilmore succeeded .in swinging his submarine aroundandrammingthegunboat, tearing a hole in her port side. As the enemy vessel settled and began to sink, it opened fire with heavy machine guns and Commander Gilmore was wounded. Lying .on the deck, he ordered the officer-of-thedeck to submerge. Realizing that any delay might cost the loss of his ship and crew, the commander refused to let crewmen carry him below and was swept to his death in the sea. Although damaged when she rammed the gunboat, Lt. Comdr. Arnold F. Schade, USN, of San Diego, Calif., succeeded in bringing the submarine back to port. He received the Silver Star Medal and the following crew members were awarded the Navy and Marine Corps Medal: Lts. Landon L. Davis, Jr., USN, of Waynesboro, Va.; Hamilton B. Joslin, USNR, of Seattle, Wash., and Douglas H. Pugh, of Douglas, Ariz.; Louis R. McFall, CRM, USN, of Portland, Oreg.; James D. Jones, RMlc, USN, of Hillsboro, Ga., and William H. Wiles, Mlc, USN, of Byesville, Ohio. Commander GiImore was on his fourth war patrol when he losthis life. He had been awarded the Navy Cross and a Gold Star in lieu of a second Navy Cross, for his success against enemy shipping in the previous patrols. His citation forthe Medal of Honor: , For distinguished gallantry and valor above and beyond the call of duty as commanding officer of a United States submarine during her fourth warpatrol in the Southwest Pacific. Boldly striking at t h e enemy, Commander Gilmore sank one Japanese freighter and- damaged another by torpedo fire. In the darkness of night an enemy Japanese gunboat closed range and prepared to ram the submarine. Commander Gilmore

LEADING ACE I N W O R L D W A R Z : C a p . Joseph FOSS, Z USMCR, received the Congressional Medal of Honor from Presidemt Rooseuelt for outstanding heroism and cowage above alzd beyond the call of duty. C a p . FOSS, with the Marimes ilz the SouthPacific, i s credited w i t h shooting down 26 Japanese planes and inflicting damage to others, tying the score of C a p . Eddie Rickenbacker, leadimg ace of WorldWar 1. Placing the ribbolz arozclzd the aces neck i s his wife. Standilzg beside the President looking 0% is his mothey,
daringly maneuvereci to avoid the crash and rammed the attacker instead, ripping into her port side a t 17 knots and bursting wide her plates. In theterrific fire of the sinking gunboats heavy machine guns, Commander Gilmore calmly gave the order to clear the bridge, and refusing safety for himself, remained on deck while hismen preceded him below. Struck down by the fusillade of bullets having and done his utmost against the enemy, in his final living momentsCommander Gilmoregave his last order to officer of the deck, the Take her down! The submarine control, dived; damaged but under she was brought safely to portby her well-trained crew inspired by the courageous fighting spirit of their dead captain.

-1Inrris

and Ewing P l ~ n t o q r ~ p h .

commanding officer of the U. S. S. Sun Francisco during the liight action against Japanese a force of 1 cruisers and ,destroyers, October 1 12,1942, when his ship was in the van f of battle during the entire action, o r fightinghis ship valiantly,maneuvering with the expertness of a n able seaman and striking a t t h e enemy withdetermined and effective gunfire-despite the difficulties of night combat. As captain of the Flagship, he rendered valuable service to the Task Force Commander and contributed materially to the success of our forces.

I
I

NAVY CROSS

1
I

Rear Admiral Charles H McMor. ris, uSN, of Wetumpka, Ala., who was

Rear Admiral Willis A. Lee, Jr., of Rock Island, Ill., who served, as commander of a task force in action against Japanese surface vessels off Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands, on thenight of November 14-15, 1942, for successfully interposing his force between the Japanese and their objective, upon receiving reports that a large force of hostile ships was proceeding towardGuadalcanalintent
us^,

Page 36

upon landing troop reinforcements and bombarding out positions on the island; for seeking out and engaging an overwhelmingly powerful foe and in the furious battle which followed destroying at least one Japanese battleship,three cruisers andone destroyer, damaging several other vessels, and turning back the remainder of the fleet. Hecontributedtothe frustration of a formidable Japanese offensive.

Rear Admiral Richard IC. Turner, of Carmel, Calif., who served as commander of the Amphibious Force in action with Japaneseforces during the attack on theSolomon Islands on August 7, 1942, for leading his force in launching the initial attack and, due to his expert leadership and couit rageous determination, carrying throughto complete victory, while subjected to repeatedsevere air attacks and intense enemy opposition; for ensuring the holding of the objectives captured by landing supplies and equipment.
DSN,

. Capt. Laurance T. Dubose, USN, of THEY BOTH HAVE MEDALS: P. L Clark, Flc, USCG, of Jersey City, N . J., and C. C . Curry, PhM3c, USNR, Poughkeepsie, N. Y., admire Washington, D.C., for succeeding in holding his ship to her assigned staeach other'smedals. Clark received the Navy Cross for colzszcmmate tion,while a task force was being courage while operating a lalzding boat strafed by enemy planes during subjected to violent and sustained tor- operations in North Africa. Curry was awarded the Silver Star medal pedo, dive, and horizontal bombing for giving medical treatment to Coast Guardsmen and soldiers u d e r attacksduring actionagainstJapafire on a French Moroccan beach. nese naval forces off S a n t aC ~ X Z Island on October 26, 1942. Capt. Dubosealsowas awarded a submarine. Commander F r e e man Gold Star in lieu of a second Navy of November 30, 1942,forvaliantly that the during action in beached his shipinorder Cross for fearlessly engaging numeri- flghting his ship cargo and vessel might be saved. were cally superior Japanese 'naval forces which several of our vessels damaged, and maintaining his posiin ,a brilliantly executed attack near Guadalcanal Island on the night of tion in the formation, firing effecwhich resulted tively with every weapon a t his comCommander William G. Cooper, November 12-13, 1942, in heavy damage to the enemy and mand. His actions were direct fac- USN, of Savannah, Ga., for his actions tors in the destruction several Jap- during the night engagement against of failure of the enemy's mission. aneseships and contributed to the the Japanese and the attempted sala turning back of the enemy forces. vage of the U. s. s.Duncan on October 11 and 12, 1942, while the comCapt. Gilbert C. Hoover, USN, of manding officer of a UnitedStates Columbus, Ohio, who received a Gold Capt. James E. Maher, USN, of warship. Commander Cooper brought Star in lieu of a third Navy Cross for his vessel successfully throughthe his heroism as commanding officer Scranton, Pa., who valiantly fought battle, directing the fire of his guns of a United States warship during the hisship,maintainingherassigned with telling accuracy. After retirenight action against a Japanese force station and enabling her to provide ment of the task force, he remained of cruisers and destroyers, October effective protectionfor anaircraft at the scene of the engagement and carrier during action again& Jap11-12, 1942. Maintaining the secudirected 8 Cruz Islands, shipswhich vigilant search for our rity of the rear in the battlecolumn, anese forces near Santa were missing.Locating Captain Hoover fought his ship val- October 26,1942,while his Task Force the Duncan, from whose blazing hull iantly despite the difficulties of night was beingsubjected tointenseand explosions were heard, he cautiously combat and succeeded in sinking a sustained air attack. approached and left a salvage party Japanese destroyer on the disenaboard, thencontinued his search for T ? ! gaged side. The determined and efother ships which might need assistfective gunfire of his ship was largely Commander James Freeman, USN, ance. Finally returning to the DunS. responsible for holding a minimum of Jasper, Ala., for successfully ma- can and realizing she was beyond savto the damage to our destroyers in the neuvering. cargo his ship through ing, Commander Cooper madesure rear. in spite she would not fall into the hands of enemy-infestedwatersand, of attacks by high altitude bombers the enemy. At dawn, he sighted and 72 and aerialtorpedoes, landing supplies beganpickingup survivors. Despite Capt.Robert W. Hayler, USN, of and equipment for our forces during the ever-present danger of enemy of Newport, R. I., who served as com- the initial operations occupying the ships and aircraft which might be in manding officer of a United States Solomon Islands. On the third sub exthe vicinity, he continued his warship during an engagement with sequent trip to this area his ship was tremely hazardous rescue operations and hit by an enemy until noon, when a total of nearly 200 Japanese naval forces on the night attacked
Page 37

72

"Official U. S. Coast Guard Photograph.

strickencarrierandcontinuedrendering assistance. Later,maneuvering in the vicinity, he evacuated and rescued survivors.

72
Commander Rodger W. Simpson, of Belvedere, Calif., commanding officer of a destroyer duringaction againstJapanese forces, who skillfully maneuvered his ship and launcheddetermined and aggressive attacks in which twoenemyvessels were sunk and, despite terrific aerial opposition, brought his ship and crew throughthe successful engagement without loss or damage.
USN,

$?
USN, of Shepherd, Tex., forfighting his ship while subjected to sustained

Commander Phillip H. Fitzgerald,

aerial fire, in a n aggressive and determinedraidon the enemy, andfor pressing home his attack which resultedinthe sinking of two enemy vessels without suffering damage. to his ship or her personnel.
Official U. S. Nary 1hotogr;:ph.

H E RECEZVES T H E NAVY CROSS: Ensign Hugh B. Davis, USNR, of Muleshoe. Tex., receives theNavv Cross from RearAdmiral C . A . Lockwood,.commander, SubmarineForces, Pacific Fleet. Ensign Davis i s credited with making his waythrough hotwreckage,opening a. battle-damaaed water-tipht with door almost sufierhuman effort? a d leading-trapped and-suffocating melz to safety &til he himself was overcome and hadt o be carried topside.
officers and enlisted men had been placed safely aboard his vessel. $? CommanderFrederick B. Warder, USN, of Grafton, W. Va., a Gold Star in lieu of a secondNavy Cross, for taking advantage of every attack opportunity while on a submarine war patrol in enemy-controlled waters and succeeding in sinking a total of 16,810 tons of hostile shipping andin severely damaging an additional 5,000 tons. Hebrought his shipthrough without damage and his crew home without injuryor loss of life. success of our forces in these notable battles.

Commander Jesse L. Hull, USN, of West Plains, Mo., for daringly pressing home attacks on Japanese shipping and skillfully maneuveringhis vessel in hostile waters, sinking 14,000 tons of enemyshipping,destroying onesampan of 100 tons by gunfire, and severely damaging nearly 14,000 tons, while serving as commanding officer of a United States suumarine during a war patrolin enemy-controlled waters from September 23 t o 7 2 November 20, 1942. He handled his such expert seamanship Commander Elliott W. Shanklin, craft with courage thathe was an USN, of Lexington, Ky., for his actions and calm as gunnery omcer of a United States inspiration in maintaining the high warship, a post which he filled for 19 morale of his crew. months. He participated in numerous engagements, including the battles of .zlr the Coral Sea and Midway, and the Commander Donald J. Ramsey, actions of August 24 and October 26, 1942. I n a nightaction off Guadal- USN, of Newport, R. I., for bringing his canal Island, the ships fire sank two ship alongside and assisting in fightJapanese destroyers and inflicted ex- ing fires on board a task-force carrier tensive damage upon enemy cruiser which had been seriously damaged by an and one battleship. Commander bombs and torpedoes in an attack by Shanklins faultless control of the the Japanese off the Santa CYuz Ssships batteries which he implemented lands on October 26, 1942.Although driven away by further enemy air by the highest state of readiness, attained through intensive training and attacks, Commander Ramsey repeatdrilling, contributed materially to the edly returned to the side of the

Lt. Comdr. Hilan Ebert,USN,of Alliance, Ohio, posthumously, for extraordinary heroism as engineering ofher aboardaction against . ton during the U.S. S Northampforces attempting to effect landingson-Guadalcanal,Solomon Islands,onthenight of November 30, 1942. Stationedin the after engine room a t the time the Northampt o n was torpedoed and setafire, Lieutenant Commander Ebert persistently carried out his duties despite the fact that his station, immediately after the explosion, became flooded with oil and water.

Japanese

72

WSN,

Lt. Comdr. James Stuart Smith, Jr., of Laconia, N. H., posthumously, for remaining at his station aboard the U. S. S. Atlanta while serving as Conning Officer, during action against Japanese forces on November 13,1942, and directing the course of the ship until he was mortally wounded.
7 2 ,

Lt. Comdr. RintoulT. Whitney, USN, of Arlington, Va.,who is missing in action, for exceptionally meritorious conduct and efficiency in time of stress during the bombardment of the Navy Yard, Cavite, I.I., by Jap? anese air forces beginning December 10, 1941, andduringsubsequent occupation by the Japanese of the M a nila Bay area.
$?

Lt. Comdr. RobertJ. Esslinger, USN, of Ypsilanti, Mich., who served as Engineer Officer of the U. S. S. Kearny

Page 38

by an enemy submarine on October

during the torpedoing of that vessel

17, 1941.After a quick and accurate analysis of the situation, Lieutenant Commander Esslinger, working under extremely hazardous and difficult conditions, coolly and skillfully surmountedall obstacles and kept the engines operative, permitting the Kearny to proceed out of the dangerous submarine area and make port.

TROPHIES FROM A SUNKEN GERMAN U-BOAT: Left, Lt. Comdr. Maurice D. Jester, USCG, of States Islad, N . Y., commander of the catter Icarus which sank u Germas U-boat off the U. S. East Coast, Lt. Comdr. John R. Craig, USN, of shows a s artificial lung, left, and a life jacket he obtained from the Wilmington, Del., who served as comcaptured Nazi commander. Lt. Comdr. Jester was awarded the Navy manding officer of a United States Cross f o r his exploit. Right, Steve M. Kalata, BMlc, of Greensburg, submarine engaged in war patrols, for launching repeated, daring attacks on Pa., un Icarus crew member, displays other trophies.The Naziswastika above the captured l i f e jacket was worn on u German udressutziform. Japanese shipping, sinkingtwo enemy transports and one cargo ship, totaling 24,000 tons, and damaging three such a manner as to make possible his heroism as torpedo officer aboard destroyers by accurate and timely tor- the infliction of heavy damage upon the U. S. S. Duncan during an engagepedo fire, despite thegreatmental the vessel. ment with Japanese naval forces on and physical strain of prolonged Pathe night of October 11, 1942. Accutrols in enemy-controlledwaters. 72 rately setting uphis torpedo director, Lieutenant (jg) Fowler, in the firing 72 Lt. Ward F. Powell, u r n , of Bay Vil- of his first torpedo, obtained the inilage, Ohio, leader of a flight of tor- tial hit on a hostile cruiser. Before Lt. Hayden M. Jensen, USN, of St. pedo bombers of the U. s. s. Hornet Paul, Minn., a Gold Star in lieu of a air group in action against Japanese he could fire the remaining torpedoes, second Cross, Navy for personally naval forces near Santa Cruz Islands, he was fatally wounded by a shell shooting down two of a force of 11 October 26, 1942, leading his flight which burst in the vicinity of the for director. Japanese dive bombers whichwere in an attack against the enemy which intent uponraidingourtransports resulted in two direct bomb hits on a a and other surfacevessels in the Solo- Japanese heavy cruiser, although he monIslandson August 7, 1942, al- was faced with strong fighter opposithoughheoftenpursued his target tion and withering antiaircraft fire. Lt. (jg) Seymour D. Ruchamkin, throughbursting shells of his own USNR, of Brooklyn, N.Y.,who is listed antiaircraft fire. as missing in action, for efficiently dia recting the fighting of fires and the 72 Lt. Stephen L. Stigler, (MC), OSNR, efforts to control damage aboard the of Birmingham, Ala.,who served as warship on which he served as first Lt. Vivien W. Welch, USN, of Grand junior medical officer of the landing lieutenant, while under vigorous bomJunction. Colo., who is listed as miss- force of the Marine raider expedition bardment by hostile naval units during in action, for maintaining station against Japanese-held Makin Island ing action against Japanese forces on over the enemy after sighting a large on August 17-18,1942, for braving in- November 13, 1942. Having led his force of Japanese warships while con- tense enemy fire to evacuate helpless party .to an area below decks to exducting a search mission while at- and injured on the front were raging lines and, tinguishflameswhich tached to a bombing squadron aboard during evacuation operations, swim- there, henever returned. United aircraft a States carrier, ming into the surf and rescuing those thereby furnishing . information unable to aid themselves; conductfor to which enabled our air force launch ing several majoroperationsunder an effective attack. Ona later date most difficult circumstances after rehe directed his division of planes in turning to the ship and, as a result Lt. (jg) Albert K. Earnest, USNR, of a raidon a Japanese cruiser force, of his skillful and tireless efforts, suc- Richmond, Va., pilot of a torpedo fightingthrough a bursting wall of ceeding in bringingall of his cases antiaircraft fire in order to deliver back tothe base line in excellent plane during action against Japanese forces in the Solomon Islands Area, a vigorous dive-bombing attack. condition. a Gold Star in lieu of a third Navy Leading a second assault on the same Cross, because: day, he defied opposition from hosa ~On September 16, 1942, as part of tile surface craft andZero fighters to striking force which Lt. (jg) Robert L. Fowler, III, USNR, a composite press home an attack against a large hostile enemy transport, maneuvering in of Katonah, N. Y.,posthumously, for launched anattackagainst
' .

Lt.Comdr. David C. White, uSN, of Detroit, Mich., foravailing himself of every attack opportunity while conductinghazardoussubmarinepatrol operations in enemy-controlled waters resulting in sinking a total of 18,000 tons of enemy shipping and, in addition, inflicting severe damageon a total of 10,000 tons without injury or damage to materiel or personnel of his command.

Page 39

against the enemy which resulted in a directtorpedo hit onaJapanese heavy cruiser, although he was faced by strong fighter opposition and withering antiaircraft fire.

a
Lt. (jg) Theodore E. Krepski, USNR, ofNew York, N. Y., persistently for returning to the side of the burning U. S. S. Lexington in the Coral Sea on May 8, 1942, and under a hail of flaming', debris from exploding bombs, ammunition, and gasoline, ef\fecting a series of rescues as officer in charge of a boat detailed to rescue survivors, in which he saved the lives of many members of the vessel's crew whootherwise might have perished.

a
Ensign Ralph L. Holton, USN, o f , Kalamazoo, Mich., who is listed as missing in action, for effecting a series of rescues in which he saved the lives of many members of the crew of the U.S.S. Lexington in theCoral Sea on May 8,1942,when, as officer in charge of a boat detailed to rescue survivors of the stricken carrier,he persistently returned to the side of the Lexington under a hail of flaming debris from exploding bombs, ammunition, and gasoline, and carried the crew members away.
"Official 0. . Kavy Photo!g"aph. S

FOR EVACUATING CORREGIDOR: Commander Eugene E. Paro, USN, was awarded the Silver Star Medal by Rear Admiral Edward L. Cochrane, Chief of the Bureau of Ships, f o r his rrextremely heroic a& intrepid cO1Zduct" while attached to a submarine which carried supplies to Corregidor and later evacuated American' personmel from the area.
surface units about 150 miles north- ber 24, in company with two dive west of Guadalcanal, Lieutenant (jg) bombers, he participated in a raid Earnest contributed to the scoring of against enemy destroyers which were a torpedo hit on a Japanese cruiser; Putting troops ashore at Cape Espeon September 22, together with two lance and scored one probable hit with other torpedo bombers, he glide- a 500-pound bomb; on October 10, he bombedenemy installations at Cape piloted a torpedo plane in a striking Esperance; on October 9, in a strikforce against two light cruisers and ing force operating 140 miles north- fourdestroyersabout 170 miles off west of Guadalcanal, he obtained a Guadalcanal; on October 12, while direct hit which put a heavy cruiser attacking two heavy cruisers, he out of action; on October 10 and 12, scored a direct hit on one the enemy of he participated in air' raids against vessels; during a night attack on OcJapanese naval units which resulted tober 23, he released twelve 100-pound in another hit on an enemy warship bombs on Japanese troop concentraabout 165 miles off Guadalcanal. tions to the west of our lineson Guadalcanal. Shot down by enemy gunfire during this engagement, he effected a a successful crash-landing one about Lt. (jg) Eugene R. Hanson, USNR, of mile offshore, thus enabling himself Denton, Tex., pilot of a torpedo plane and his crew to swim to a point beduring action against Japaneseforces yond our front lines. in the Solomon Islands Area, a Gold a Star in lieu of a second Navy Cross, Lt. (jg) Karl B. Satterfield, USNR, because : of High Gate, Mo., leader of a secOn September 16, 1942, part of as tion of torpedo bombers of the a group which launched anattack against hostile surface units off Gizo U. S. S. Hornet air group in action forces near Island, Lieutenant (jg) Hanson con- againstJapanesenaval October 26, Santa CruzIslandson tributed to the scoring of a torpedo home anattack hit on a Japanese cruiser; on Septem- 1942, for pressing

Ensign Donald E Runyon, USN, of . La Jolla, Calif., for shooting down two Japanese dive bombers o n August 7 and one twin-engined torpedo plane and one Zero fighter on August 8, despitetremendouscounterfirefrom hostile fighters in Solomon Islands the whileserving as section .leader of a fighting squadron.

a
Ensign Joseph R. Daly, USNR, of New York, N. Y., for desroying 2 of a hostile force of 27 twin-engined bombers before they could release their bombs, although he was viciously intercepted by Zero fighters during actionagainstJapaneseforces in the Solomon Islands on August 7, 1942; for continuing in the engagement until he was severely injured, suffering 9 bullet wounds and second-degree burns before his plane, eventually shot down by hostile fire, crashed into the sea.

Carpenter Albert A. Bartholomew, Honolulu, T. H., for entering a compartment flooded with about 5 feet of fuel oil and water, swimming nearly 30 feet through theliquid in a heavy concentration of oil fumes and closing a watertight door, during an attack by Japanese aircraft near Rennell Island January on 29-30, 1943, when he became aware of the
USN, of

Page 40

perilous threat to the buoyancy. and stability of his ship, the U. S. 8. Chicago.

sls
Leading Signalman C. Buchanan, -Royal New Zealand NavalVolunkeer Reserve, who served on board a corvette in actionagainst a Japanese submarine near GuadalcanalIsland on the night of January 29-30, 1943, for, although mortally wounded and gallantly disregarding hisown serious condition, remaininga t his battle station, skillfully training the searchlight and illuminating the target for the guns of his ship. Dauntlessly performinghis task while the corvette attacked with depth charges, forcing the Japanese submarine to the surface and ramming it, Leading Signalman Buchanan, by his intrepid devotion to duty, aided materially in the destruction of the. enemy vessel.

-&
Thomas Peet Johnston, Jr., BMlc, USN, of Rochester, N. Y:, who served astrainer of mainbatterydirector one on board a United States warship a numerically duringactionagainst -0Aicial U. S. N a ~ I'hot(~g;lxph. y superior Japanese naval forceoff Savo Island, Solomon Islands, on November MOROCCAN CAMPAIGN HERO: The AirMedal recently was awarded 13, 1942,for continuing at h s post i to Thomas R. Grifith, ACMM, USN, of Roundup, Mont., for the part for 5 hours, skillfully training on the he played in the Moroccan campaign. The presentation was made by directed Japanese battleship, alRear Admiral P. N. L. Bellinger, USN, Commander AicForce, Atlantic though he was bleeding profusely Fleet, at the Norfolk NAS dispensary, where Grifith was recovering from severe .lacerations about" the head. from injuriesreceived when he was forced to parachute from his plane followinga recent midair collision. +? Gust Junior Swenning, Smc, USN, of Melvin, Tex., posthumously, for unhesitatingly diving through the oil and water in a flooded compartment to close a watertight door when his ship was struck by a torpedo during action against Japanese forces off .Save Island on the night ofNovember 30, 1942, while a member of the forward repair party aboard United a States warship. troops in action against Japanese forces in the Solomon Islands on August 74,1942,for conductinghis boat to a beach on one of the islands, disembarking and remaining ashore, then evacuating the wounded and the majority of the uninjured personnel to another island.Later, under a vigorous shelling by Japanese machine guns and mortars, he carried injured survivors to a naval vessel and successfully led a n assault wave of boats containing Marines against Tanambogo, thereby contributing t o the landing on and capture of that island. which engaged was in illuminating the Japanese vessels with star-shell fire.

DISTINGUISHED SERVICE MEDAL

Rear Admiral William A. Glassford, Jr., USN, of Phoenix, Ariz., who Gerald Jared Metsker, Cox, USN, served as head of a mission of grave of Seattle, Wash., for promptly taking importance at Dakar, F'renchWest measures to prevent further exAfrica, for his intelligent and tactful f? plosions and thespread of anticipated direction of negotiations with the Joseph Lloyd Pagel, S ~ C , USNR, of flooding t o adjacent spaces, when representatives of Detroit, Mich., who served as control he was able to paveFrance, by which -enemy torpedo fire started the slow the wsly circuit telephone talker in the star- and effective operations atfor close flooding of his battle station during sea in 5-inch director board on a thatimportantarea. night against action numerically board His profound superior Japanese forces off Savo United States warship during night understanding and judicious conduct Island, Solomon Islands on November action against a numerically superior of an undertaking of far-reaching Japanese naval force off Savo Island, significance were decisive factors in 13, 1942. When ordered his from post, Metsker skillfully assisted in the Solomon Islands, November 13, 1942, the successful accomplishment of a task of damagecontrol, descending For continuing his task of transmit- strategic mission. into the pit of the exposed area in ting control orders and reports after order to cover a light which might his battle station was struck by a 14+? have betrayed the position of the inch enemy bombardment shell, and Rear AdmiralMahlon S. Tisdale, he was severely wounded in both legs damaged ship to theenemy. USN, of Annapolis, Md., who served as by a large fragment. Although group commander of a task weakened from loss of blood, he re- task force during action against Japanese frained reporting serious from his conditionuntil a lull in the action forceseastward of the Solomon IsJohn StanleyEvans, Jr., cox., USNR, for of Columbus, Ohio, who was coxswain permitted his relief, thus assuring lands on August 24, 1942, inflictuninterrupted control of his battery ing heavy losses on attacking Japaof a landing boat containing assault

sls

Page 41

peated attacks by enemy aircraft and submarines, and the proximity of strong Japanese surface forces.

a
Commander Bromfield B. Nichol, USN, of Nashville, Tenn., and Lt. Comdr. Horace D Moulton, u s m , of . Huntington Park, Calif., for their actions while serving on the staffdf a TaskForceCommanderduring a series of highlysuccessful offensive missions. While under constant threat of attack by air and submarine, the Task Force t o which they were attached repeatedly steamed for protracted periods in enemy waters and in close proximity to enemy territory and bases. Largely due to their skill anddeterminationunder fire, only minor damage was suffered from attacking heavy bombers. In addition, they contributed materially tothe marked success of the other actions, through which the Task Force came unscathedafter inflicting extremely heavy. damage on Japanese installations and shipping.

a
"Official U. S. Coast G L I U ~ Photograph.

THROUGH' A HAIL OF MACHINE-GUN BULLETS en route to his tramsport, George W . Klemchuk, 23, USCG, noticed that some of his shipmates were having difficulty getting their landimg barges ofl the Africam beaches. Disregardimg his o w n safety,Klemchuk wemtback t o help them amd was hit by shrapnel. Before beimg wounded he made five trips to the beach on a landing barge, carryimg men and supplies. He was recemtly awarded the Purple Heart by Rear Admiral Robert Domohue, Chief of Coast Guard Persommel.

in large measure to the ultimate SUC-.

-72

nese air groups, thereby contributing

cess of our forces in this engagement.

Lt. Comdr. Horace D. Moulton, of Huntington Park, Calif., for successfully serving on the staff of a task force commander during a series of offensive missions,including attackson the MarshallandGilbert islands, raids on WakeandMarcus Islands, the Battle of Midway and similar operations in Central the t 1 a Pacific. While under constant threat Commander Henry C. Flanagan, of attack by air and submarine, the SILVER STAR USN, of Philadelphia, Pa., for maneutask force to which Lieutenant Comskill and mander Moulton was attached repeatI I veringhisshipwithsuch courage that on each occasion of his edly steamed for protractedperiods in much-needed Capt. Pat Buchanan, USN, com- carrying supplies enemy waters and in close proximity manding officer of a United States through enemy-infested waters to to enemy territory and bases. Largevessel landing troops and supplies in our forces in the Guadalcanal area, ly due to his skill and determination the Guadalcanal area during August, he landed his reinforcements and under fire, only minordamage was October,andNovember,1942,forfight- equipment without loss of personnel- suffered from attacking heavy ing his shipthrough repeatedhigh ordamage to his vessel, despite re- bombers. In addition, he contributed
USNR,

RearAdmiralRichard K. Turner, USN, of Carmel, Calif., who served as commander of the Amphibious Force of theSouth Pacific Force of the United States Pacific Fleet, for commanding the task forces employed in transporting, landing, and supplying our men occupying the Solomon Islands from August 7 to December 10, 1942, and, in spite repeated attacks of on our supply line by Japanese submarines, ships, and planes, kept reinforcements and material moving steadily toour bases, thereby contributing in great part to the success of the Americanoccupation of that area.

bombing and torpedo attacks by Japanese aircraft to land vitally needed reinforcements.Whenheagainentered these waters, his ship was severely damaged by enemy dive bombersnear Lunga Point, but Captain Buchanan, by his expert seamanship and fighting spirit,keptthe vessel afloat and brought her to port under her own power.

Commander Austin C. Behan, USN, of Newport, R. I., for skillfully directing fighting the of fires aboard a United States cruiser on which he was serving as first lieutenant. Immediately subsequent to an engagement with Japanese forces off Tassafaronga, Guadalcanal, on November 30, 1942, with his ship torpedoed and fire raging the near mainmast, Commander Behan directed fighting the flames until they were brought under control and finally extinguished.

a
Lt. Comdr. Robert I. Olsen, USN, of Waukegan, Ill., who as assistant approach officer on two war patrols rendered invaluable assistance to the commanding officer of a United States submarine during five attacks during which four enemy ships, totaling 48,353 tons were sunk, and one severely damaged.

Commander William B. Fletcher, Jr., USN, of Bowie, Md.,for maneuvering his cargo shipwith great' courage and skill and, in spite of continued attacks by enemy high altitude, divebombing, and torpedo planes, landing vital and essential cargoes of food, ammunitions, gasoline our and for troops in theSolomon Islands during our occupation of the area, without damage to his vessel.

Page 42

materially to the success of other actions,through which the task force came unscathed afterinflicting heavy damage on Japanese installations and shipping.

Lt. Comdr. Roy S. Benson, USN, Of Concord, N. H., commanding officer of a United States submarineduringa submarinepatrol war in enemycontrolled waters, 15 days of this period having been spent close to the Japanese homeland,for pressing home attacks with great courage and daringagainst enemy forces. As a result his submarine sank one freighter of 5,000 tons anddamaged 24,100 tons of enemy shipping. Lieutenant COmmander Benson succeeded in bringing his vesselback t o port with no materialdamage and withhis crew in excellent fighting spirit.

and stood by the vessel untildawn. Upon reboarding her, steps were taken first to repel any possible enemy attack and then to insure that could she be destroyed before capture. After his men had tried to check the blaze whichevery moment grewmore intense, Lieutenant Commander Myhre finally was forced to abandon salvage operations.

Lt. Comdr. George E Porter, USN, . of Oakmont, Pa., who as executive officer of a United States submarine, through sound advice in tactical situations, contributed in great part to the success of patrols which resulted in thesinking of 61,800 tons of enemy shipping and in the damaging of a 22,000-ton converted aircraft carrier.
Offietal U. S. Coast Guard Photograph.

.*

USN,

Lt. Comdr. Thomas W. Hogan, Jr., of Canton, Ga.,whoserved as officerof the deck aboarda United States submarine during a successful surface attack Japanese in coastal waters for keeping his .commanding officer informed as to the proximity of all enemy ships, and through his efficiency, contributing to the severe damaging and probable sinking of an 8,748-ton passenger-freighter.

a
Lt. Comdr. Eugene C. Rider, USN, Nyack, N. Y., the prompt organifor zation of a fire-fighting party when a United States warship on which he was serving was attacked by Japanese aircraft while lying a t anchor. Acting on his own initiative when a n enemy bomb struck his ship and set it ablaze in the immediate vicinity Of the fuel tanks andmagazine, Lieutenant Commander Rider and his firefighting party, in the face of imminent explosions, brought the fires under control despite continued enemy strafing.

Advancement in rating for meritorious conduct at Guadalcanal: Robert J. Canavan, Cox., USCG, saw the boatswain and four shipmates jump from a boat into sea the to escape machine gun fire from a Japanese cruiser near Guadalcanal. Canavan (photo) stuck t o the craft until she was full of holes and then played dead in the water while the Japs machine-gunned and killed his shipmates. Afterbeing in the water 19 hours, he reached Florida Island, but was not satisfied to sit around the hospital. Fearing that he would not be permitted to return to the fighting a t Guadalcanal, h e stowed away on a transport plane and flew there, reporting to Coast Guard officers immediately upon arrival.For his meritorious conduct, Canavan was advanced in rating from Slc to COX. rier while emergency repairs were being made under extremely difficult and dangerous conditions. His prompt action aided materially in avoiding exposure to attack.

Lt. Comdr. Hylan B. Lyon, uw, of Great Neck, N. Y.,serving as assistant approach officer aboard an American submarine, forrenderinginvaluable service in the fire control of the craft which resulted in sinking of 21,400 tons of enemy shipping.
$ 2

Lt. Comdr. Benjamin aoe, USN, of Long Beach, Calif., for his leadership of a United States destroyer which frequently reenteredGuadalthe canal-Tulagi area, despite persistent opposition by the enemy, in order to escort and protect vessels carrying reinforcements and supplies for Marine forces.
4 $

a
Lt. Comdr.William E. Seipt, USN, of Sparrows Point, Md., who, as communication officer on the staff of the commander cruisers of a task force, served in positions of definite responsibility aboard various flagships of the Uhited States Pacific Fleet in advanced combat areas, and contributed materially to the success of the many actions in which he participated.

Lt. Comdr. Joseph C. Wylie, Jr., Glen Ridge, N. J., for directing the ship, gun, and torpedo control of the vessel of which he was executive officer, so that heavy damage was inflicted on two.enemy heavy cruisers and a third was sunk during night engagements with Japanese forces off Savo Island, November 1213 and November 30-December 1,
USN, of

1942.

van.tage of every favorable attack opportunity while on war patrol in Japanese waters a commander of a. s United States submarine; for success i n sinking one Japanese submarine of 1,400 tons and one freighter of 6,000 tons, and severely damaging another freighter of 4,800 tons. He brought his ship through without materialimpairment and his crew home without injury or loss of life.

of Pittsburgh, Pa., for taking ad-

Lt. Comdr. William E. Ferrall, USN,

$k
Lt. Comdr. Floyd B. T. W h r e , USN, of Chevy Chase, Md., who as officer in charge of the salvage party of a United: States warship guarded the blazing and abandoned U. S. S. Duncan and kept it from falling into enemyhands.After checking depth Lieutenant Comcharge settings, mander Myhre reembarked his party

Lt. Comdr. Payton L. Wirtz, u s N , of MountWashington, Md., commanda United States deing officer of stroyer in action in the Solomon Islands, August 7, 1942. In addition to participating in the initial attack against the islands, Lieutenant Commander Wirtz frequently brought his ship the intoGuadalcanal-Tulagi area in the face of persistent Japanese air raids in order to escort and protect vessels bearing reinforcements and supplies to Marine forces established on the island shore.

George M. Bowman, Calif., for devising and installing a new electricalhook-up aboard a United States aircraft carUSNR, Fresno,

Lt. Comdr.

Lt. Comdr. Lester 0. Wood, USN, of Annapolis, Md., was who acting as commanding officer of a United States warshipduring an attack by

Page 43

Japaneseaircraft .while the vessel was lying a t anchor, for having his ship a t general quarters and.underway, skillfully evading bombs and heading for open sea, within 5 minutes after theenemy planes appeared over the harbor and opened fire on shipping andshore establishments. I n spite of expert maneuvering and persistent defensive antiaircraft fire, which had driven off several Japanese divebombers, the ship was severely hit, fires started and thesteering control lost. Lieutenant Commander Wood brought the fires under control, maneuvered clear of the shoals and burning ships in the harbor, reached the open, and finally dropped anchor in a small bay, thus saving the ship from destruction by the enemy.

waters. Maintaining excellent trim control, Lieutenant Farrell assisted materially in bringing the submarine safely through engagements with the enemy. On each of two other occasions, while he wasofficer of the deck at night with his submarine surfaced, he sighted a Japanese ship and adconned the submarineintoan vantageous position from which she was able to sink the enemy vessel.

ir
Lt. Louis Verbrugge, nsN, of San Pedro, Calif., engineering officer of the U. S.S. Neosho, who, despite difficultconditionsaboard hisship because of severe aerial attacks by the Japanese, and with the ship in imminent danger of capsizing, remained in the engineering spaces until assured It was impossible to restore power.
"Great Lakes Bulletin.

a '

'

Maj. Guy G. Nnrter, USMC, of North Tiverston, R. I., for leading out a wirecrew on Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands, following Jlapanese heavy naval bombardment, in order to lay a telephone trunk line to headquartersafterallothershad been destroyed. , During construction of the circuit, the crew was caught i4 the open and exposed to hostile bombing on five separate occasions. However, despite this hazardous distraction, at no time did the personnel scatter or suspend their activities. UnderMajor Narter's leadership, they were able to complete their mission before daylight and thusestablish wire communication between headquarters and important units.

safety administered and emergency treatment to a member of the Marine Corps who had sustained a compound fracture when struck by shell fragments while Guadalcanal was under heavy bombardment by hostile naval aircraft.

Lt. John F. Walling, USN, of ,Nantucket, Mass., for his outstanding conofficer of a United duct as diving States submarine duringsuccessful attacks against one enemy Kongo class battleship and a Japanese patrol vessel.

Lt. James L. Jordan, USN, of New London, Conn., diving officer of a United Statessubmarineduring the first threewarpatrolsinJapanese controlled waters, for his action,while serving as officer of the deck when he sighted smoke from a Japanese ship on the horizon, in assisting in launching an aggressive attack, cutting off the enemy's escape,and finally sinking the 10,900-ton vessel, andfor contributing to the success of the submarine in sinkingatotal of 61,800 tons of enemy shipping and severely damaging a 22,000-ton converted aircraft carrier.

Lt. Oliver M. Ramsey, USN, of Fairchild, Wis., posthumously, for outstanding action while serving as flag lieutenant to the commanding admiral in a battle against Japanese naval forces off Savo Island, Oct. 11-12, 1942. During the mostcritical moments of the battle, Lieutenant Ramsey relayed his keen observations of our own and enemy gunfire and ship . losses, and coolly and efficiently carried out the many vitally important duties assigned him, thereby contributingimmeasurably to the effective operations of the forces under his admiral's command.

Lt. Richard H.Bowers, USN, of Annapolis, Md., for his outstanding work as divingofficer of a United States submarineduringthefirst twowar patrols in Japanese controlled waters. By his excellent work Lieutenant Bowers made possible undetected approaches to within close firing range of enemy vessels whichresulted in sinking 66,450 tons and severely damaging 14,200 tons of shipping.

Lt. Douglas N Syverson, WN, of . Marquette, Mch.,for assistance in enabling a United States submarine on which he served a torpedo and s gunnery officer during seven patrols, to sink,during the lastpatrol,one Japanese freighter-transport of9,310 tons and inflict severe damage upon another. Lt. John H. Erandt, USN, of L,ynden, Wash., for supervising the launching of floater nets and life rafts in spite of side and back injuries while serving aboard the U. S. S. Chicago during a n engagement with enemy aircraft near Rennell IslandJanuary 29-30, 1943. Seeing an injured man who had no life jacket, Lieutenant Brandt took off his own and gave it to him, even though hehimself had togo over the side of the abandoned ship without one.

'

Lt. John R. Wadleigh, USN, of Jamestown, R. I., who as aide and flag lieutenant on the staff of commander cruisers of a task force, and while serving in a position of definite responsibility aboard various flagships of the United States Pacific Fleet in ada vanced combat areas, contributed materially to thesuccess of the many acLt. Richard M.Farrell., OSN, of Detions in which he participated. troit, Mich., for assisting in sinking 21,400 tons of enemy merchant shipa Ping while serving as diving officer of Lt. Russell H. Walker (MC)USN, of a United States submarine during the Laramie, Wyo.,who left his place of first two war patrols in Japanese

'Lt. Bladen D. Claggett, USN, of Baltimore, Md., for contributing directly to the sinking of66,450 tons and the severe damaging of 14,200 tons of enemy shipping by his excellent judgment and quick, accurate analysis of all problems,while serving as gunnery officer and torpedo officer of a United States submarine duringthe first two war patrols in Japanese dominated waters.

ir
Lt. Frank J. Broccolo (MC), USMI, of Cicero, Ill., who is listed as missing, for his actions while serving as medical officer aboard the U. S. S. Duncan during action against Japanese naval forces off Savo Island on the night of October 11, 1942. Although shells struck the ship immediately adjacent to the forwarddressing station, Lieutenant Broccolo, despite ever-increas-

'

Page 44

ing danger from raging fires, courageously stood by to administer to the wounded. Undiscouraged by the mounting toll of damage, and determined to render maximum aid with available facilities, he was searching for medical supplies amid ,the wreckage of sick bay when another bomb exploded in that vicinity.

Lt. Frederick E. Janney, USN, of Winnetha, Ill., who by extraordinary

coolness under fire and accurate solving of torpedo-control problems, contributed materially to the sinking 1 of hostile freighter of 9,400tons and the severe damaging of 3 others totaling 18,139 tons, while under extremely difl6cult and dangerous conditions.

Lt. Emerson H. Dimpfel, USNR, of Oakland, Calif., for obtaining and continuing to keep perfect depth control during all conditions of operations on two war patrols Japanese-conin trolled waters, while serving as diving officer of a United States submarine. Through 8 attacks he regulated the depth control with such success that the submarine able was to sink 6 enemy vessels aggregating 48,353 tons and toseverely damage other enemy 2 ships.

Lt. James L. Foley, USN, of Montico, Calif., whoserved as commanding officer of a United States warship which assisted in fighting fires on a cargo vessel damaged by the enemy. I n spite of the intense heat and gigantic flames, Lieutenant Foley steered his ship alongside and assisted. in fighting the raging fires until ordered to get clear by the commanding officer of the cargo vessel when the situation appeared hopeless. Standing by, Lieutenant Foley was soon able to return and give further assistance. He contributed to the saving of the ship and much of its cargo.

"Press Association Photograph.

Marines About Leave on Foreign Duty to Jump 33 Feet Into Debris-FilledPool

After the jump, they must completely undress in the water, and then swim through the floating wreckage to the opposite end of the pool. The scene: Camp Pendleton, Calif. fighters, he aided in the destruction until he was shot down.

Lt. John B. Dudley, USN, of Marietta, Cia., who served as gunnery and assistant approach officer on a United States submarine duringtwo war patrols in enemy-controlled waters, for rendering invaluable assistanceby his accurate interpretation of firing data during 8 attacks on Japanese ships, in which 6 vessels totaling 48,353 tons were sunk and 2 were badly damaged.

Lt. (jg) James Mercer, USM, of White Plains,N. Y., who served as assistant approach officer, assistant engineer officer, and later as communiz2T cations officer aboard a United States submarine during seven successful Lf;. (jg) Robert E. Dimmitt, USNR, of San Bernardino,Calif., for carrying warpatrolsagainsttheenemy,for of one out his duties coolly and courageously contributingtothesinking and giving invaluable aid to the first hostile freighter of 9,310 tons and the pilot, throughout the engagement severe damaging of another. when the patrol plane which he was of 72 72 copilotwas attacked by eight ZeroLt. (jg) Simon F. Hirschberg, USNR, Lt. Marion W. Dufilho, USN, of Long type fighters. Despite painful shrapof Jacksonville, ma., who as officer Beach, Calif., pilot of a fighter plane nel wounds in his leg and arm, who is listed as missing in action, for Lieutenant (jg) Dimmitt succeeded in charge of a United States Navy aiding in destroying a group of Japa- in extinguishing a blaze started by Armed Guard crew aboard a mernese bombers which he intercepted as enemyfire. During the 7 days prior chant vessel, accounted for the dethey launched an attack on our naval to his rescue after the plane had made -. struction of twoenemy planes, and forces during the Solomon Islands a crash landing,he originated nwner- one "E" boat, and prevented his ship campaign.Althoughhe wasopposed ous measures for the greater comfort and valuable cargo from falling into the hands of the enemy. Lieutenant by a n overwhelming number of Zero and safetyo f his comrades.

Page 45

(jg) Hirschberg's vessel withstood a 643-hour attack by bombers, E boats, and shell fire, and, finally rent by a torpedo, it was necessary to complete her destruction to prevent the capture of the cargo.

l ! 2

Lt. (j. g.) John L Laird, USNR, Of . Minneapolis, Minn., was who commanding officer of the United States Navy Armed Guard Crew aboard a United States merchant vessel which wasattacked by enemyplanes and submarines, for directing his crew's gunfire so that seven enemy aircraft were shot down into thesea and many more were damaged.

cruiser during an engagementwith Japanese naval forces off Guadalcanal. Fighting his way throughthe fire which followed the torpedoing of his ship, Ensign F'redell, despite the imminentdanger of exploding ammunition,succeeded in getting forward to direct the leading out of hoses from undamaged fireplugs. vicinity Seeing an injured man in the of the ammunition; Ensign Fredell rescued himandthen continued to direct his men for 7 hours, assisting materially in bringing the fire under control.

missions during the siege and the subsequent evacuation of personnel from that area. His efforts contributed immeasurably to the operations of the various units and to the defense of Corregidor.

Ensign Erling W. Redell, USNR, of Jerome, Ariz.,whowas in charge of a repair party ab3arda United States

EnsignThaddeusThorpe, USN, of Chicago, Ill., who was attached to a submarine detachment in action against the Japanese at Fort Mills, Corregidor, from January 1 to April 10, 1942, for risking his life on numerousoccasions tocarry outvital

Ensign Floyd Hoskins, E. USN, of Long Beach, Calif., for devising and installinga new electrical hook-up through which power could be restoredafterhis warship had been damaged in a torpedo attack by Japanese forces. EnsignHoskins worked under extremely difficult and dangerous conditions during the emergency repairs.

72

Torpedoman Phines Causey, USN, of East St. Louis, Ill., for calmly and fearlessly continuing to direct the fire of his men throughout action while an aboard a United States warship, although hewas standing in an exposed position whichwas raked by enemy guns, and he was suffering from wounds received in a strafing attack by enemy dive bombers. Carroll Edgar Whitham,CBM, USN, ofLong Beach, Calif., for gallantry in action aboard United States wara ship during the opening offensive against enemy shore positions in Tulagi August Bay, 7, 1942. When an explosionoccurred in a forward gun mount, resulting in a mmber of casualties, Whitham rushed into the smoking mount, helped extinguish flames from the burning clothing of two injuredand unconsciousmembers of the gun crew and assisted in carrying them to safety, John Hardin White, C", USN, of Louisville, Ky., who served aboard the U. S. S. Sturtevant when that ship was sunk in April 1942. Realizing that, since communications had been cut off, he would not be able to receive wordto abandon ship and, f aced by the possibility of further explosions, White risked his life andremainedonboard the sinking vessel to supervise thetask of setting all depthchargeson "safe." Since the Sturtevant was going downin shallow water, his extreme care in checking chargeswhichwereset for shallow barrage prevented great loss of life to menon rafts and swimming in the viciaity,

72

72
Jacob Robert Pershing, A"lc, USN, of Littleton, Ill., who carried injuredshipmatesout of the blazing area and brought them to a point on the flight deck of the U. S. S. Hornet where medicaltreatment could be administered during an enemy aerial attack on the carrier in the vicinity of the Santa Cruz Islands on October
26, 1942.

Before and After Submarine nets, protecting American harbors against enemy undersea craft, become fouled with marine growth and must be periodically washed. A t the left, a portion of a net is heavywithbarnacles andother growth. been washed witha fire hose. Another part of the net (right) has

"Official U. S. Navy Photograph.

Page 46

-British Ofirisl Photograph.

New Buggies for Allied Land, Air Forces

SEA-GOING TRUCKS: The U.S. Army takes to the water im this combilzatiom lad-sea vehicle here sailhg dowm a river. She weighs a quarter of a tom a d was desigmed for operatioms over water a d lalzd. NEW RAF FIGHTER: The Typhoolz, said bythe British to be the fastest fighter im theworld.The Typhoom1-A i s armed with twelve .303 Brownimg gulzs, six ilz each wimg. The 1-B has four .20 MM hispamo gums, two om each side.
the loading of his gun until it was rendered useless. While his companions were abandoningship,Bennett remained aboard tossing life preservers to the men strugglingin thewater and assisted in lowering the port life boat. Wounded again by four splinters of shrapnel, one piece piercing his arm and pinning him to the deck,Bennett, by a superhuman effort, freed himself and rolled off into the sea. Hemiraculouslyescaped the fire of enemy machine guns directed at him and was blown out of the water by the concussion of two torpedoes fired into his ship. Suffering acutely from innumerable wounds and faint from loss of blood, he swam to a life raft and climbed aboard beforelosing consciousness.

USN, of

Almon Flemming Gillette, BMlc, Portland, Oreg., for contributing materially to the saving of many lives as a member of a boat crew detailed to rescue survivors fromthe U. S. S. Lexington in the Coral Sea on May 8, 1942. Persistently returning to the side of the stricken carrier, Gillette, under a hail of flaming debris from exploding bombs, ammunition, and gasoline, performed strenuous rescue work in pulling men out of the water. Wayne Donald McFetrich, AOMlc, USN, of San Diego, Calif., for entering a compartment to secure an unexploded bomb aboard the U. S. S. Hornet while that vessel was under tremendous aerial bombardment Japby aneseforcesinthe vicinity of the Santa CruzIslandsonOctober 26,

canal, Solomon Islands, and with utter disregard forthe bombs that were exploding on all sides, moved onto the field to a completely exposed position in order to render first-aid treatment to his wounded comrades. Largely as a result of his heroic and courageous conduct, the lives of many of the injured were saved.

Vincent Gray, Charles PhMlc, usm, of Toledo, Ohio, who, inthe face of devastating Japanese while fire serving with the First Battalion,Sevadenth Marines,onGuadalcanal, ministered first aid to hls wounded comrades, many of whom were killed by the enemy as he tended them.

Herbert Adolph Henry Gatzke, BM2c, USN, of Atalissa, Iowa, for aid1942. ing in handling lines and fighting a 2"3 raging fire on the flight deck of the Thomas Howell Smith, jr., MMlc, U.S. S. Hornet during aerial bombardUSN, of Montgomery, Ala., for conment by enemy planes in the vicinity tributing materially to the saving of of theSanta Cruz Islands. Despite many lives while a member of a boat severe burns on his hands, Gatzkerecrew detailed to rescue survivorsfrom fused to submit to medical treatment the burning U.S. S. Lexington in the and carried on until the flames had CoralSea May 8, 1942. Persistently been completely extinguished. returning to the side of the stricken a carrier, Smith, under a hail of flaming debris from exploding bombs, ammuJennings Jack Bennett, BM2c, USN, nition, and gasoline, performed stren- of Chehalis, Wash., who was serving as a member of the gun crew of the uous rescue work in pulling men out Armed Guard aboard a United States of the water. merchantman when t h a t . ship was and by an enemy Dale Emerson Wilson, PWlC, USN, attacked sunk ofMadison, S. Dak., for leaving the raider, for remaining in his exposed position, although painfully wounded, security of his shelter during action and continuing to direct and assist in against Japanese forces on Guadal-

Leonard George Turner, A " 2 c , USN, of Bloomdale,Ohio,who, when an enemy bomb explodednear his station on the flight deck of the U.S. S. Hornet causing a large fire and wounding several persons when that vessel was under aerial attack by the Japanese in the vicinity of the Santa Cruz Islands onOctober 26, 1942, carried an injured shipmate out of the blazing areaand brought himtoa point where medical treatment could be administered.

Thomas Samuel MacMillan, RM2c, usm, of Duluth, Minn., for performing his tasks in perfect coordination with his shipmates during an attack on an enemy warship andlanding barge off Guadalcanal, which resulted

Page 47

in the destruction of the ship and the guish the flames fromtheburning subsequent strafing of the landing clothing of two injured and unconbarge. scious members of the gun crew, and then assisted in carrying to them a safety. Robert Lee Smith, PhM3c, USN, of Springfield, Ill., posthumously, for HaroldEugene Smith, SF3c, USN, continuously administering to and alleviating the suffering of his injured of Tahlequah, Okla., listed as missing, comrades during action against Japa- for warning a comrade whowason air nese forces on Guadalcanal September watch in the hold that an himattack to 12-13, 1942, and while exposed to fire was imminent and urging to a safe place from rifies, machine guns, and hand come topsideChicago during anaboard attack grenades in the hands of the enemy. the U. S. S. against Japanese forces in the Shortly afterdaybreak on the morning Pacific area on January 2930, South 1943. of September 13, while rushing to the Smith knew that any further damage aid of a wounded man, he was struck to his ship would inevitably mean her down by Japanese fire. destruction and acted upon his own initiative to warn his comrade, therea life. Donald Owen GrafRus, GM3c, USN, by undoubtedly savingthe latters of Youngstown,Ohio, for remaining a a t his post of duty aboard a United Walter John Hogan, TM3c. USN, States warship during the opening Los Angeles, Calif., whowasblown of offensive against Japanese shore po- clear of hisgunthree times while sitions in Tulagi Bay in the face of serving as a gunner on board a impending fire and explosion in the United States warship during action magazine of a damaged5-inch gun against the Japanese off Guadalcamount. Graffius acted to insurethe nal, and who was knocked fiat by the safety of other personnel a t his sta- blast from a 5-inch gun firing neartionand of the ship. Keeping the by, forreturningeach time to his commanding officer constantly instationandmanning hisgunwith formed of developments by telephone, such effective and accurate fire that he prevented the unnecessary flooding an approaching plane was downed. of his group of magazines.

zzr

tion, for materiallyassisting in the saving of many lives as a member of a boat crew detailed to rescue survivors from the burning U. s. s. k d n g t o n in. the Coral Sea onMay 8,1942. Persistently returning to the side ofthE stricken carrier, Sikes, under a hail 01 flaming debris from exploding bombs ammunition, and gasoline, performed strenuous rescue work in pulling mer out of the water.

Warren George Weldon, Slc, USNR, of Pontiac, Mich., althougk who, struck down and momentarily stunned by the base ring of an enemy 14-inck bombardmentshellupon recovering from shock promptly resumed thr service of his gunwhile serving as second loader of a 5-inch gun on boarda United States warship during actior against numerically superior Japanese forces off Savo Island.

John Will Foster,Jr., GM3c, USN, of Splendoria, Tex., who served as gun captain aboard the U. S. S. Chiwith cago during an engagement IsJapaneseaircraftnearRennell land,Jan. 29-30, 1942, for rallying his crew; testing the gun and reporting it ready to fire in less than 1minuteafteran explosion directly beneath his battle station left the area around his gun 5-inch swept by fiames from burning oil. He also supervised the fighting and extinguishing of two firesin thevicinity of his station.

Robert Everett Kellogg, Sk3c, USN, of Decatur, 1 1 ; for his actions when 1. the U. S. S. Hornet was under heavy aerial attack by the Japanese in the vicinity of the Santa Ckuz Islands on October 26, 1942, and was shaken by violent concussion from exploding bombs, Kellogg, on his own initiative, entered a blazing, smoke-filled compartment where a shipmate was suffocated and pinned to the deck by heavy debris. Braving intense heat and imminent danger of asphyxiation, Kellogg extricated theinjuredman and carried him to safety.

Samuel JosephRufl, GM3c, USNR, of Warren, Ohio, who entered a smoking forward 5-inch gun mount of a United States battleship in which an explosion had occurred during offensive operations agaimt Japanese positions in mlagi Bay,helped extin-

DonaldHerbertPahlke, S I C , USN of Portland, Oreg.. for shooting down the attacking first plane to C m OE within range, literally cutting out pieces of its nose and cockpit by thc accuracy of his rapid fire, and scoring decisive hits on a second plane while serving as a gunner on a 20-mm. $ 7 gun aboard a United States warshil: Edward George Walker, Cox, USNR, during action against the enemy at of Bozeman, Mont., who as a gunner Guadalcanal, November 11-12, 1942. aboard a United States warship at- Dahlkes ship was engaged in screentacked by Japanese planes off Gua- ing transports unloading a t the dalcanal, opened fire onan approach- southwest Pacific outpost. ing enemy plane, scoring a hit with thefirstshot. Walker held persist72 ently to his target until the Japanese planecrashedwithout releasing its John Joseph Cofer, Slc, USN, of bombs. Louisville, Ga., posthumously, for his conduct as range-finder operator and States warJennings Jack Bennett, COX, WSN, spotter on board a United of Chehalis, Wash., who served as a ship during action against Japanese member of a gun crew aboard a naval forces off Guadalcanal on t h e United Statesmerchantman which night of November BeDecember 1! manned station his with was attacked and sunk by the enemy. 1942. He exceptional coolness and skill and asAlthough painfully wounded, Benscoring nett remained at his exposed position sisted themainbatteryin enemy with t h e and continued to assist in loading his numerous hits on the gun until it was rendered useless. result that oneJapanese ship was When his companions were abandon- sunk. Mortally wounded by shrapnel ing ship, he remained aboard tossing that riddled his body, his last words lifepreservers tomenstruggling in were, I can range no longer. the water and assisted in lowering a port lifeboat. Wounded again by four splinters of shrapnel, one piecDISTINGUISHED piercing his arm and pinning him to the deck, Bennett freed himself and FLYING CROSS rolled off into the sea. MiraculouslY escaping fire of enemy machine guns, he was blown out of the water by the Commander Harry D. Felt,USN, of concussion of two torpedoes firedinto his ship. Sufferingacutelyfrom in- Coronado, Calif., for skillfully directing vigorous and persistent attacks numerable wounds andfaintfrom air group against hostile the loss of blood, he swam to a life of his raft and climbed aboard before losing ground forcesand installations thereby contributing materially to the reconsciousness. pulse of the Japanese and the success of our occupation forces, during action in the Guadalcanal-Tulagi William Lee Sikes, Jr., Flc, TEN, Of Sylvester, Ga., listed as missing in ac- area on August 7-8, 1942.

Page 48
. .

USN, of

Lt. Comdr. Dewitt W Shumway, . Syracuse, N. Y., a gold star in liec of a second Flying Cross for leadinghis bombing squadron in three determinedand effective divebombing and strafing raids against hostile land installations and troop concentrations and assisting in completely silencing Japanese oppositions, thereby assuring thesuccess of our landing operationswithminimum casualties during operations of the United States Naval forces against the Japanese-occupied Solomon Islands on August 7, 1942.

" A c m e Photograph.

f?
Lt. Elwood C. Mildarn, USNR, of Rochester, N. Y . Lt. Alan S. Frank, USNR, of Fort Lauderdale, Fla. Lt. Ralph Weymouth, USN, of Detroit, Mich. Lt. (jg) Allard G. Russell, USNR, of Seattle, Wash. Lt. (jg) Neil S.. Weary, USNR, of Cainsville, Mo. The above fortheir achievement as scout bomber pilots in action againstJapanese forces duringthe raid upon, and occupation of, Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands, August 7, 1942, in seeking outand destroying assigned hostile antiaircraft positions by vigorous bombing and strafing attackswhich resulted in severe loss of lifeand equipment t o the Japanese. By their effective aid in compelling the enemy to retire, they helped make it possible for our forces to occupy the area without opposition.

The Sixth Sullivan Genevieve Sullivan, ' right, sister of the five heroic brothers who lost their lives inthe sinking of the cruiser Juneau has enlisted in the Waves. Lt. Nova Petersen is shown helpingSullivan tryonher new uniform. Mrs. Thomas Sullivan mother of the five sailors, recently christened the new destroyer, U.S. S. The Sullivans.
up and comrades. Latertore he jettisoned catwalks, fittings, and installationsin a desperate effort to lighten the damaged ship and maintain altitude, but the plane finally was forced down. During the period prior to the rescue of the crew, Lieutenant (jg) Miller kept up the high spirits of h i s comrades by his unfailing confidence and inspiring courage.

Ensign Paul M. Halloran, USNR, of Dorchester, Mass., listed as missing in action, for his achievement while a bombing squadron attached to aboard a United States aircraft carrierduringactionagainstJapanese forces in the vicinity of Guadalcanal Island .on November 14, 1942. Intercepting a report from a plane in another sector, Ensign Halloran, comin pany with his section leader, contacteda hostile surface force and, despite tremendous antiaircraft fire, scored a direct hit onaJapanese cruiser, setting it afire. In the daring accomplishment of this objective, however, he deprived himself of sufficient fuel t o reach his carrier and thereby failed to return from his mission.

Ensign Francis R. Register, USNR, of Bismarck, N. Dak., for shooting down four enemy planeswhile participating inaerial combat asthe pilot of a fighter plane against Japanese forces during the Solomon Islands Campaign, September 11-29, 1942, opand erating with his squadron from airan (field on GuadalcanalIsland.

a
Ensign John M. Wesolowski, USNR, of Detroit, Mich., for shooting down five enemy planes while operating as pilot with his fighter plane squadron from an airfield on Guadalcanal, during the Solomon IslandsCampaign, September 11-19, 1942.

I
NAVY AND MARINE CORPS MEDAL
Commander Claude Haman, USN, W. of East Greenwich, R. I., posthumously, for his heroism during a fire. Discovering a fire in a corridor, Commander Haman ignoreda nearby exit through which he could have escaped, seized a fire extinguisher and rushed toward the center of the flames in ar. attempt to check the fire which endangered the officers under his comfrom the mand. As he staggered blaze, fatally burned, his only concern was for the safetyof his men.

2"3
Lt. (jg) William M. Holt, USNR, of Great Falls, Mont.,who is listed as missing in action, for leading a twoplane section of his squadron against a hostile force of 27 twin-engined bombers during action against the Japanesethe in Solomon Islands area, August 7, 1942. Although viciously intercepted by Zero fighters, Lieutenant (jg) Holt gallantly pressed ,home his- attacks until his plane shot was down. He contributed to thedestruction of a t least five enemy bombers.

Lt. (jg) William E Clarke, USNR, . of Astoria, N. Y., for shooting down two enemy planes while operating with his squadron from an airfield on Guadalcanal Island during the Solomon Islands campaign, as pilot of a fighter plane.

Lt. (jg) Gordon A. Miller, USNR, of Lindsey, Calif., for continuing preparation of the enemy contact and position reports, he although was woundedby shrapnel during combat witheightZero-typefighter planes, and for supervising the interchangeof crew positions when the enemy fire killed or wounded a number of his

CommanderBartholomew W. Hogan (MC), r n ~ ,of West Newton, Mass., who was senior medical officer of the U.S. S. Wasp when that vessel was torpedoed by Japanese forces on September 15, 1942, for immediately a taking active charge of caring for the a painfully injured aboard Ensign John J. Doherty, USNR, of many States destroyer which had United Charleston, Mass.,who was pilot of rescued himfromthe flaming oila plane of aUnited States aircraft covered sea and continuing his supercarrier during operations against the vision of medical attention the to Marshall Islands on February 1, 1942, more seriously wounded until the posthumously scoring for a direct of the following morning bomb hit on a Japanese vessel and early hours of serious burns on both setting it afire and, later, for succeed- all in spite inginobtaining an accurate bomb hands and several fractured ribs. hit on his target, in the face of overwhelmingenemy fighter opposition. Lt. William .R.Herzog, USNR, of When again pressed hard andwarned his by a fellow pilot of his extremely haz- Troy, N. Y . , posthumously, for ardous position, Ensign Doherty, pur- action as officer-in-charge of the suing evasive tactics in a critical situ- United States Navy Armed Guard ation, disappeared in a bank of clouds Crew on board a United States merchantman when that vessel was torand never returned to his ship.

Lt. (jg) Elisha T Stover, USNR,of . Eureka Springs, Ark., who was pilot of a fighter plane in action .against Japanese forces during the Solomon Islands Campaign,September 13-14, 1942, for shooting down three enemy planes while operating with his squadron from an airfield on Guadalcanal.

fr

Page 49

The following men for risking their lives to remain on board the sinking U. S. S. Sturtevant in April 1942 in order to set all -depth charges o n safe after realizing that, sinceall communications had been cut off between $r the bridge and the after part of the Lt. Thomas H. Taylor, USN, of Balti- ship, they would not receive the word more, Md., and Lt. (jg) Jack G. to abandon ship and that they were Smyth, USM, of Wilmington, Del., faced with the possibility of further who islisted as missing in action, both explosions: Harold DeeFloyd, CMM, USN, of of whom served as boat officers during rescue operations in the Pacific area Dayton, Wash. Reeves, MMlc, after the torpedoing of the U. S. S. Morris Alexander Wasp by Japanese forces on Septem- USN, of Wenatchee, Wash. Tom Baxton Neill, GMlc, USN, of ber 15, 1942, for maneuvering their small boats throughthe debris-lit- Guion, Tex. Bernard Adam Quirin, I%, USN, teredsea, which was covered with flaming oil, and working unceasingly of Smithton, Ill. Since the Sturtevant was going to rescue survivors from the stricken charges carrier. Knowing that quantities of down in shallow water and the gasoline stored on the Wasp might were set for a shallow barrage, their action was instrumental in explode a t any moment, they never- gallant o theless took their boats under the preventing great loss of life to men n rafts andswimming in the vicinity. starboard bowof the flaming carrier and rescued personnel isolated in the forward gun galleys and on the flight Donald Edward Krom, TM2c, USN, deck and trapped by fire and explodof Spokane, Wash., for risking his life ingammunition. Although menaced repeatedly to swim through oil-covby bursting shells, they kept on with ered water and carry a line to extheir work of rescue. hausted survivors of a badly, damaged a ship, realizing that his ship might be Stanley Thomas Piekos, CTM, USN, forced to steam away and leave him of Honolulu, T. H., for unhesitatingly in the shark-infested waters only a from enemy territory. miles entering the superstructure his sub- few of the parted, he assisted marine in orderto accomplish repairs When men line a driftinglife raft several to during an aggressive and highly sucwhich was eventually towedback to cessful war patrolin enemy-controlled his ship. waters.

pedoed and sunk. Lieutenant Herzog, his ship ablaze and rocked by explosions, was trapped amidships with several of his gun crew. He made courageous and determined efforts to free them by battering the jammed door with all the strength at his command. Stopping longenough to procure a gas mask for the radio operator, who was able to escape through a porthole, Lieutenant Herzog, despite the suffocating smoke and fumes burning from gasoline and paint, ma,de one last effort to force the door by firing at it with his pistol, before fzliing unconscious to the deck.

begun to sink-so that there was no loss of life when she eventnally went down, the following men: USN, cf Albert Boboweicz, CWT, Providence, R. I. RoyLouis St. George, CMM, USN, of Manteca, Calif. Howard Dean Surguy, MMlc, USN, of Houston, Tex.

their comrades in maneuvering the small through boats the debrislittered sea, which was covered with flaming oil, and workedunceasingly to rescue survivors from the stricken carrier. Knowing that quantities of gasoline stored onthe. Wasp might explode at any minute, Rizzi and Tousignant shipmates and their nevertheless took theirboatsunder the starboardbow of the flaming carrier and rescued personnel isolated in the forward gun galleys and on the flight deck and trapped by fire and exploding ammu n i t i o n. Although menaced by bursting shells, they kept on with their work of rescue.

g
Lt. Comdr. James E. Vose, Jr., USN, of Coronado, Calif., whowas squadron commander and pilot of a scoutbomber plane during a raid on Japanese forces in the GuadalcanalFkkata Bay area, for leading his division in an attack that in spite of heavy antiaircraft fire resulted in the destruction of 12 Japanese float seaplanes and enemy shore installations consisting of gasoline dumps, gunemplacements, andother shore facilities.

Lt. Kenneth B. White, USNR, of Diamond Hill, R. I., and Lt. (jg) William D. Carter, USNR, of Nashville, Tenn., for pressing home attacks as pilots of a scout-bomber plane duringa raid on Japanese forces in the GuadalcanalRekata Bay area on October 16,1942, which resulted in the destruction of 12 Japanese float seaplanes and enemy shore installations consisting of gasoline dumps,gunemplacements, and other shorefacilities, in spite of heavy antiaircraft fire.

72

James Buford Williford, ACOM, of Coronado, Calif., for running to the scene of an airplane crash at the Naval Air Station, San Diego, Calif., and assisting in extricating the pilot from the blazing cockpit. Though burned by flames and injured by the exploding ammunition of the planes guns, he persisted in his effort until the pilot, who later succumbed, was clear of the wreckage.
USN,

George Patrick McIntosh, BM2c, ing into the sea to assist survivors of the U. S. S. Wasp who were too weak to hold to thelines and life preservers tossed to them after that vessels torpedoing by Japanese forces on September 15, 1942. McIntosh, a member of the crew of a United States warship, continued to swim among the survivors, even thoughhehad no lifepreserver,cheering and encouraging the othermen in the water.
USN, of Millersville P. O., Md., for div-

a
For contributing vitally to the successful repair of engineering spaces after the torpedoing of the U. S.S. OBrien on September 15, 1942, thus making it possible f o r the vessel to clear the danger area without further mishap; for enabling the ship to attempt a return to its base and for keeping the vessel afloat until she had almost reached port-by remaining at theirstations long after she had
Page 50

Lt. John F. Sutherland, USM, of Bridgeville, Calif., pilot in a fighter squadron of the U. S. S. Hornet air group during action against Japanese forces inthe Solomon Islandsarea on October 5, 1942, for pressing home his attack while on air combat patrol in enemy controlled waters and, with the assistance of other pilots in his squadron, shooting down in flames a Japanese twin-engined land-based bomber.

Rosalio Mario Rizzi, Slc, USN, of New York, N. Y., posthumously, and Roger Arthur Joseph Tousignant, SIC, USN, of Springfield, Mass., for their work as coxswains of small boats during rescue operations in the Pacific area after the torpedoing of the U. S. S. Wasp by Japanese forces on assisted September 15, 1942. They

Lt. Thomas J. Wood, usm; of Sulphur Springs, Tex., for pressing home a n attack which resulted in the destruction of 12 Japanese floatseaplanes and enemy shore installations consisting of gasoline dumps, gun emplacements, and other shore facilities, despiteheavy antiaircraft fire, while piloting a scout-bomber during a raidon enemy forces in the Guadalcanal and Rekata Bay area.

Lt. Forrester C. Auman, USNR, of Seagrove, N. C., who piloted a scoutbomber plane during a raid on Japanese forces in the Guadalcanal and Rekata Bay area, for pressing home a n attack which resulted in the destruction .of 12 Japanesefloatseaplanes and enemy shore installations consisting of gasoline dumps, gunemplacements, and other shore facilities.

against Japanese forces off Santa Cruz Islands on October 26, 1942. They contributed in a large measure to the survival of their ship and to the destruction of a large number of Japanese aircraft.

Ensign Albert E. Mead, usm, of San Marino, Calif., and Ensign Raleigh E. Rhodes, usm, of Fresno, Calif., both of whom are listed as missing in acLt. (jg) ThomasJorgensen, USNR, tion, fortheir achievement while parcombat against of Springfield, Ill., posthumously, for ticipating in aerial taking part on numerous occasions in Japanese forces off Santa Cruz Islands membersof patrol and reconnaissance flights and on October 26,1942.As night-bombing attacks, engaging the a flight of four escort fighters, EnJapanese with marked success. Dur- signs Mead and Rhodes were subjected ing an all-night search for enemy ves- to a surprise attack by 12 hostile sels, he participated in a successful fighters. I n a desperate air battle attackonan enemy heavy cruiser, againsttremendous odds, theyand scoring a torpedo hit, in spite of fu- others members of their flight derious antiaircraft fire, thereby con- stroyed 3 Japanese planes, contained all tributing in large part to the eventual of the enemy and enabled our attack group to proceed on its mission. completion of the mission.Lieutena n t (jg) Jorgensen was later killed 72 when his ship crashed. Ensign Raleigh E. Rhodes, USM,Of Fresno, Calif., who is listed a s missing in action, for his achievement as a Lt. (jg) JDona1d Wakeham,usm, member of a flight of escort fighters of Anaheim, Calif., who is listed as which was subjected to a surprise atmissing in action, for leading his sec- tack by 12 hostile fighters off Santa tion of planes in a raid against a hos-. Cruz Islands on October 26, 1942. He tile cruiser force through antiaircraft and the other members of his flight fire and successfully releasing his destroyed 3 of the hostile planes, conbomb on the enemy duringaction tained all of the enemy and enabled against Japanese forces in the Solo- our attack group to proceed on its mon Islands area. On the same day, mission. in a second raid against a large force a of Japanese transports and screening vessels, he led his section through a Ensign James E. Caldwell, Jr., bursting hail of antiaircraft fire and and fighter opposition, skillfully maintain- USM, of New York, N. Y., Ensign inghisstation in the formation in Gerald V. Davis, USNR, of Louisiana, such manner as to aid materially in Mo., both of whom are listed asmissthe destruction of two Zero fighters. ing in action, for repeatedly defendingtheircarrieragainst hostile air attacks, often flghting at close range and frequentlyinthe face of their-own Lt. (jg) Harlan J. Coit, USNR,of New antiaircraft fire. As a member of York, N. Y., pilot of a scout-bombing combat controls off Santa Cruz Island planein the Solomon Islands cam-. on October 26, 1942, Ensigns Caldwell paign, for pressing home three attacks and Davis contributed in large meason a Japanese four-engined Patrol ure to the survival of their ship and bomber which he sighted and, despite to the destruction of a large number the enemy planes superior fire power, of Japanese aircraft. inflicting serious damage the to enemy craft and forcing it to retire toward a its base. Although the controls of his Ensign Lyman J. Fulton, USNR, of own severely damaged plane were partly severed by hostile cannon fire, Ripon, Calif., who is listed as missing Lieutenant Cjg) Coit brought his ship in action, for repeatedly defendinghis carrier against hostile air attacks, back and landed on his carrier. often fighting a t close range and frequently in the face of his own anti72 aircraft fire to do so, while a memberEnsign Gordon F. Barnes, usm, of of combat patrols in action against Japanese forces Santa Cruz Islands off South Haven, Mich.; EnsignGerald V.Davis, USNR, of Louisiana, Mo.; and on October 26, 1942. He contributed Ensign James E. Caldwell, Jr., USM,. in large measure to thesurvival of his ofNew York, N. Y., all of whom are ship and to the destructionof a large listed as missing in action, for repeat- number of Japanese aircraft. edly defending theircarrieragainst a hostile air attacks, often fighting a t close range and frequently in the face Millard Lee Davis, ACMM, USN, of as plane of their own antiaircraft fire, as mem- Soperton, Wis.,whoserved bers of combat patrols in action captain of a patrol plane in combat

against Japanese forces north of the Solomon Islands, for manning one of the waist guns of his plane, in theface. of determined attacks by eight Zerotype flghters, and shooting down one enemy craft and scoring hits on several others. During the 7 days on an island following a crash landing, he was indefatigable in looking after his wounded comrades and assisted in large measure in keepingone critically injured man alive, despite the extremely primitive conditions prevailing.

Daucy Burkitt Goza, ACRM, USNR, of Costa Mesa, Calif., serving radioas manandgunner of a patrolplane north of the Solomon Islands on August 26, 1942, for standing by his gun and shooting down one enemy plane and scoring hits on several others in theface of determined attacks by eight Zero-type planes. When the flre from the Japanese planesdisrupted the radio, Goza, althoughpainfully wounded, effected emergency repairs. During the 7 days following a crash landing, he assisted his wounded and stranded comrades and obtained native foods to supplement the crews. depleted emergency rations.

72
Delson Price Fish, APlc, USN, of Westminster, Calif., for successfully locating a hostile carrier and, by skillful maintenance of contact, directing the pilot of his plane to a position where, despite terrific antiaircraft fire, the pilot was able to launch a successful torpedo attackonthe Japanese vessel. Fish wasserving as radiooperator of a patrolplane in the Solomon Islands area at thetime.

72
of Little Rock, Ark., for obtaining numerous photographs of subjects of his

Cletus Arthur Snyder, ARMlc,

USN,

own choice, thereby compiling an extensive, permanent record of hostile positions and of damage inflicted upon the Japaneseby our own forces, while serving as gunner of a plane in flights over enemy territory. ARMlc, USN, is listed as missing in action, for conducting effective strafing attacks with his free machine gun during retirement from a vigorous raid against a n enemy cruiserforce as a radioman-gunner attached to a bombing squadron in action against Japanese forces off Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands, on November14,1942. Later, he pressed home anattack against an enemy transport force despite strong flghter opposition and,duringthe ensuing action, bravely fought against repeated assaults seven by Japanese
of Ridgeway, Mo., who

ForestGlenStanley,

Page 51

ElwinAlford, S ~ Cusm, of Boga, lusa, La., who is listed as missing in action, his for achievement while a radioman gunner and of a patrol plane in action against Japanese Irvin Stanley Stites, A 2 c , USN, forces during the Aleutian Islands of Clear Lake, Iowa, for manning one campaign of June 10 to June 14, 1942. of the guns of hispatrolplanein With a low ceiling and his plane the face of determined attacks by forced to fly throughthe clouds in eight Zero-type fighters and display- order to carry out its attack missions ing the utmost coolness and efficiency, against Japanese ships in Kiska Harwhile serving as crew member and bor, Alford skillfully assisted in pergunner of a patrol north of the Solo- sistent dive-bombing and strafing atmon Islands on August 26, 1942. tacks andinthe pull-out intothe During the engagement and later, clear at a very low altitude. His when his plane was forced to make Planewas pierced by shrapneland crash a landing, although Stites, lighter-caliber projectiles. OnJune painfully wounded, continued to 14, 1942, his plane made its usual carryhis with out duties great attack on the enemy forces a t Kiska courage. Harbor but failed to return.

Zeros. He aided in shooting down two of the enemy fighters and helped prevent destructionof his own formation of planes. He failed toreturll from this mission.Previously, Stanley had received the Distinguishec Flying Cross for action in the Battle of the Coral Sea.

and later when his plane was forced to make a crash landing, Sollitt, although painfully wounded, continued t o carry outhis duties.

on Japanese surface units of a large enemy task force. The skill and gallant perseverance of fiight and ground personnel of Marine Aircraft Group Twenty-Two, fighting under tremendously adverse and dangerous conditions, were essentialfactors in the unyielding defense of Midway.

UNITED STATESSHIP GUARDFISH

For outstanding performance in combat during two aggressive war patrols in enemy-controlled waters. Operating far fromher home base, the Guardfish accounted for a total of more than 66,000 tons of Japanese shipping destroyed and approximately 14,000 tons damaged. Her fine record of achievements in fulfilling her hazardous missionsexemplifies the exceptional skill and fighting spirit of her officers and men.

7 2

Thomas Gray Putnam, AMM~c, USN, of Oatman, Ariz., who served as UNIT crew member and gunner of a patrol plane in combat against Japanese CITATIONS forces, for manning his gun, assistI 1 ing in lightening the ship and caring forthe wounded, during a furious TORPEDO SQUADRON EIGHT attack by eight Zero-type fighters when his plane was severely damaged For extremelyheroic and couraand a number of his comrades killed geous performance in combat during or wounded. the Air Battle of Midway, June 4 , 1942. Flying low without fighter support, Torpedo Squadron Eight began Hugh Price Hughes, Jr., ARM3c, the Perilousmission, Intercept and USNR, of Johnsonville, S. ( , who is X attack! First to sightthe enemy, the listed as missing in action,for ob- Equadron attacked with full striking taining a probable direct bomb hit on power against crushing enemy opposian enemy vessel after contact was tion, scoring torpedo hits on Japanese established with a majorJapanese forces. Realizing to a man that intask force while he was taking part sufficient fuel would prevent a return in successful search operations over to the carrier, the pilots held doggedly hostile territory as radioman-gunner to the target, dropping torpedoes at of a scouting squadron plane in the of point-blank range in the face blastSolomon Islandsarea on November ing antiaircraft fire thatsentthe 14,1942. Upon retiring from the raid, planes-neby one, hurtling aflame his plane was attacked by Japanese into thesea. The loss of 29 lives, typifighters and failed to return. fying valor, loyalty, and determination, was the price paid for Torpedo + r Squadron Eights vital contribution to the eventual success of our forces Gene Vernay Bennett, ARM3c, in this epic battle of the air. USN, of Los Angeles, Calif, posthumously, for coolly and courageously 7% performing the tasks assigned him MARINE AIRCRAFT GROUP until he was mortally wpunded by enemy fire, when the patrol plane in TWENTY-TWO which he was serving was attacked by eight Zero-type fighters during comFor conspicuous courage and herobat with the Japanese. ism in combat a t Midway Island during June, 1942. Outnumbered five to one, Marine Aircraft Group Twentya Two boldly intercepted a heavily force, disDean Parmely Sollitt, AMhBc, USN, escortedenemybombing ofDodge City, KanS., for displaying rupting their attack and preventing the utmost coolness and efficiency in serious damage to island installations. theface of determinedattacks bg Operatingwith half of their diveeight Zero-type fighters while serving bombers obsoleteand in poor mechanas crew member and gunner of a pa- ical condition which necessitatedvultrolplane in confiict against Japa- nerableglide bombing tactics,they nese forces. During the engagement succeeded in inflicting heavy damage

UNITED STATESSHIP NAUTILUS

For outstanding performance .in combat during three aggressive war patrols in enemy-controlled waters. Operating far from the home base, the Nautilus soughtout the enemy and boldly struck, inflicting severe damage on enemy shipping. Her fine spirit implemented by the expert seamanship and skill of her officers and men reflect great credit upon the United States Naval Service.

a
UNITED STATESSHIP TROUT
For outstanding performance in combat during numerous highly successful patrols in enemy-controlled waters. Carrying out her missions with great daring and dispatch, the Trout sougKt out her targets and sank a total of 43,200 tons of enemy shipping and damaged an additional 31,500 tons, including a hostile aircraft carrier.Herfinerecord of achievements in battle and thefulfillment of several vital strategic missions attest the exceptional skill and flghting spirit of her officers and men.

UNITED STATESSHIP GREENLING

For outstanding performance in combat during three aggressive war patrolsinenemy-controlled waters. The Greenling fought the enemy boldly and skillfully, destroying nine Japanese vessels totaling 61,800 tons and severely damaging another 22,000 tons, including a converted enemy aircraft carrier. Her sp 1en d i d

Page 52

achievements and the hardy fighting spirit of her officers and men reflect great credit upon the United States Naval Service.

UNITED STATES SHIP WAHOO

For distinctive performance in combat. The Wahoo fought a 14-hour battle, attacking an unescorted armed enemy convoy and destroyed the entire force, two freighters, one tanker, and one transport. The high combat efficiency of the Walroo, her officers and men, is exemplified inthe destruction of 31,890 t.ons of enemy shipping during a war patrol.

a narrowharborentrance intotal darkness, effectively countered hostile opposition, disembarked a company of United States Army assaulttroops, and supported theirattack by accuratefire fromhermainbattery. Her distinctive fulfillment of a difficult and hazardous mission contributed materially to the victorious achievement of the Southern Attack Group.

UNITED STATES SHIP McFARLAND

For outstanding performance duringactionagainstenemyJapanese forces in the Southwest Pacific Area, June 20 to October 16, 1942. Serving in turn as a seaplane tender, escort vessel, patrol boat, cargo and and troop carrier, the McFarZand, under constant threat of hostile attack, delivered urgently needed supplies to American troops on Guadalcanal until eventually disabled by Japanese dive bombers and towed to port for repairs. Her restoration to combatant status, a t a time when she might easily have been given up for lost, is a distinctive tribute to the courageous tenacity of her officers and men.

UNITED STATESSHIP ATLANTA

For outstanding performance duringactionagainst enemy Japanese Novemforces off Guadalcanal Island, ber 12-13, 1942. Struck by 1 torpedo and noless than 49 shells, the Atlanta, after sinking an cnemy destroyer and repeatedly hitting a cruiser which later went down, gallantly remained in battle under auxiliary power with one-third of her crew killed or missing, her engine room flooded and her topside a shambles. Eventually succumbing to her wounds after the enemy had fled in defeat, she left behind her a heroic example of invincible fighting spirit.

-A
UNITED STATES SHIP BEIZNADOUY
For outstanding performance in leading the attack on French MoSafi, rocco, November 8,1942. Under crossfire from three enemy coast defense batteries and machine guns mounted on harbor jetties, the Bernadou, proceeding through unknown waters in totaldarkness, effectively countered hostile opposition with only slight damage to her hull, beached a t Petite Jetee, and disembarked a company of United States Army assaulttroops without personnel casualty or loss of life. Herdistinctive fulfillment of a difficult and hazardous missioncontributed materially to the victorious achievement of the Southern Attack Group.

UNITED STATES SHIP SMITH!

For outstanding performance duringactionagainstenemyJapanese forces off Santa Cruz Islands, October 26, 1942. Although a hostile torpedo plane crashed on her forecastle and exploded at the height of battle, the Smith, with her forward topside abandoned and aflame, gallantlyheld to her screening position for a n aircraft carrier and fought attacking off Planes until the fire couldbe extinguished. Her survival is a distinctive tribute to the invincible fighting spirit of her officers and men.

UNITED STATESSHIP DALLAS For outstanding participation-in the capture of Port Lyautey Airfield, French Morocco,November 10,1942. With a United States Army raider detachment embark&, the Dallas, crossing a treacherous against bar heavy surf in order to reach the mouth of Sebou River, broke through asteel cable boom obstructing the UNITED STATES SHIP channel, forced her course 10 miles S A N FRANCISCO upstream under hostile fire, and sucFor outstanding performance in ac- cessfully landed troops without madamage or loss of life. Her tionagainst enemy Japanese forces terial off Savo Island in the Solomon Islands distinctive fulfillment of a difficult and maon thenight of October 11-12 and hazardous mission contributed again in the early morning Novem- terially to the victorious achievement of 1942. In the latter engage- of thenorthern Attack Group. ber 13, ment, the Sun Francisco silenced and disabled an enemy battleship at a range of 3,000 yards, sank1 enemy deUNITED STATESSHIP stroyer and damaged 2 other vessels. LAFFEY Although heavily damaged by 15 major caliber hits, she lived to fight For outstanding performance duragain, her survival a distinctive tribenemy Japanese ute to the valorous spirit of her officers ingactionagainst forces in the Southwest Pacific Area, and men. 1942. September 15 to November 13, Braving hostile fire torescue survivors from submarine-infested waters, the UNITED STATESSHIP Lafley, after fighting effectively in the battle off Cape Esperance, successfully COLE repelled an aerial torpedo attack and, although badly crippled and set afire, For outstanding performance as guidefor the first wave of landing inflicted severedamage on Japanese navalunits off Savo Island. Evenboats in the attack on Safi, French tually succumbing to herwounds after Morocco, November 8, 1942. Under cross-fire fromenemycoast defense the enemy had fled in defeat, she left batteries and machine-gun emplace- behind her an illustrious example of ments, the Cole,proceeding through heroic fighting spirit.

f l
COMMENDATIONS
.USN,

WalterLeonardSchoenrock, CCS, of Long Beach, Calif., forthe manner in which he made possible the rescue of the crew of a wrecked vessel. He volunteered to swim through 150 yards of treacherous, pounding surf complicated by a strong, plainly visible undertow and to assist an cross current,inorder officer in securing a n escape buoy line fromthe wrecked vessel to a coral reef. I n spite of his exhaustion upon reaching the reef, he overcame the current drift in making the messenger line fast so that, by means of the two mooring lines tied to it, a riding line was formed whereby the entire ships complement, includingbothinjured and nonswimmers, were able to pass to safety.

William Bosch, AOMlc, USN, of Sparta, Mich., for the interestand ingenuity he displayed in designing and developing a new method for internal stowage of bombs in Naval aircraft. A considerable reduction in the arming time of airplanes will result fromthe use of this device.

Page 53

USN,

Houston Edgeworth Head, MoMMlc, of San Juan, Tex., who in spiteof personal danger and heedless of possible sharks and freezing water, jumped intotheseato rescue two companions who were utterly exhausted and suffering from exposure and would not have been able to keep afloat until the ship was maneuvered to effect a rescue. The following for rescuing the survivors of an American vessel which had been damaged: Roy EdwardJohnson,HAlc, USN, of Warwick, R. I. Joseph Lawrence Brown, HAlc, UsN, of Philadelphia, Pa. Thomas Butler, Jr., HAlc, USNR, of North Andover, Mass. Frederick Chester Collatz, HAlc, USNR,of Rome, N. Y. Jesse RoyceKelley,PhM3c, USNR, of Lockhart, Tex. Merlin Russell Baker, Jr., Slc, USCG, of Monroe,Mich. George Wendell King, PhMac, USN, of West Springfield, Mass. Wilfred Patrick Perry, PhMac, USN, of Rumford, Maine. Bill Earl Richman, PhMac, USN, of Longview, Gregg County, Tex. Y ~ c , USCG, of Seymour Lazarus, Brooklyn, N.Y. Clifton Lloyd Case,'CMlc, USCG, of Rock Hill, N. Y. As lifeboats loaded with sailors attempted to reach shore, pounding the surf capsized several rafts, pinning men underneath, while the high wind and tide coupled with a treacherous undertow, threatened to crush others against the jagged rocks and the wrecked boats along the beach. The members of the rescue squad entered the dangerous area,battledagainst the breakers and worked on shore as well as in the water so effectively that all survivors were rescued. Had it not been for the efforts of the rescue party, nearly all of the crewof the vessel would have perished.

of the fact that he was found unconscious on the sandwith bones broken, he continued, after receiving medical treatment, toassist in therescue work for the remainder of the night.

72
Oliver Addison Taylor, Jr., SoM3c, of Austin, Tex., for rescuing survivors of a n American vessel who were floundering in the breakers and trapped beneath abandoned liferafts which had been capsized by the pounding surf as they attempted to reach shore. A high wind andtide coupled with a treacherous undertow threatened to crush some of the survivors against the jagged rocks and the wrecked boatsalong the beach. When Taylor observed a motorless boat filled withinjuredmenhelplessly drifting beyond the combers to imminentdestruction on the rocks, he volunteered to swim to it with a line and, although struck by debris and carried back to the beach on the firstattempt,he persisted untilhe succeeded andthe wounded sailors could behauledtosafety. I n spite
USCG,

The following members of an Armed Guard crew aboard a United States merchant vessel for standingat battle stations 12 hours a t a time during reThomas John Mitchell, EM3c, 6m,. peated vicious attacks by large numbers of submarines; for manning their of New York, N. Y., for rescuing a seafrom The seaman guns on 47 occasions during 19 days man drowning. slipped and fell from a narrow gangand repelling German aerial attacks way between moored two vessels. 21 times, forcing well-aimed bombs to miss their ship and materiallyassist- Despite the fact that the ships were ing in the destruction of at least 3 but 5 feet apart andknowing full well enemy dive bombers;even when high the danger of being struck by a floatdebris, Mitchell a explosive projectiles stowed on near- ingraftandother immediately removed his hat and by bombed vessel threatenedtheir imminent death,the gun crew refused jumper and plunged into the water. to abandon their posts and on one After a strugglewiththedrowning sailor, Mitchell was flnally able to other occasion disregarded burning gasoline and exploding ammunition in place him aboard the raft, administer a line order to extinguish a dock fire in the artificialrespiration,andtie about him in order that he might be midst of a n air attack: Russell LambertStallings, GM3c, hauled to safety. USN, of Upper Marlboro, Md. 72 LouisSvoboda,SM3c,us~R,ofSmithville, Tex. David Phillip Riley, Gmc, USN, ofWilliam Eustace DeNapoli, Slc, USN, Ludlow, Mass., and Robert Waynecf Miami, Fla. Walter Robert Ward, Cox., USNR, of Prescott, Cox. USN, of Castle Rock. Colo., for theirconduct as members of Well Lake, Iowa. Earl Gilbert Turner, GM3c, USN, of the Armed Guard crew aboard a merchant vessel duringenemyattacks. Newport News, Va. Their ship suffered extensive damage William Poertner, Charles Jr., as the result of a near miss and, durBM2c, USNR, of Bayside, N. Y. activity, officers. Stanley Albert Hauser, GM3c, USN, ingensuingenemy and defended men their ship. In of Bloomington, Ill. Howard Edward Hart, GM3c, USN, spite of the difficultiesinvolved, the vessel was returned to a state corn-. of of Omaha, Nebr. Thomas Hodach, Joseph GM3c, plete repair. USNR, of Milwaukee, Wis. 72 William Lavern Graves, GM3c, USNR, George William Aliff,GM3c, USNR,. of Battle Creek, Mich. Richard JohnGussner, GM3c, USNR, of Baltimore, Md., forhisconduct aboard a United States merchant. of Mandan, N. Dak. Edwin Junior Hasty; Slc, USNR, of ship. During 5 days of almostcontinuous air attacks, theArmed Guard Rensselacr, Ind. Clason Jasper Hammond, GM3c, crew of which Aliff was a member traded shellfire withenemyplanes, USNR, O f Sturgis, Mich. Leo Sylvester Hamley, GM3c, USNR, sent one crashing into the sea, contributed to the effective antiaircraft of Belcourt, N. Dak. barrage of the convoy which accounted for several enemy planes, and. 72 greatlyaided in successful compleRichard Warren Clearman, Slc, tion of the voyage. USN, of Greenleaf, Kans., for rescuing a a shipmate from drowning. The rescued man was the last man to leave a Frank C. Gay, GM3c, USNR, of Denmotor launch alongsidea ship, and it a was necessary for him to struggle at ver, Colo., for his conduct aboard length to reach position from which United States merchant vessel. The a he could leap to grasp the jacob's lad- crew of which he was a member, toder. I n leaping, his feet dragged in gether with others in theconvoy, sent the water and, already overcome with at least seven enemy ships into the sea before arriving at their destinafatigue from previous exertion, he tion. During one of the attacks Gay wasunable to lift himself, losthis hold, and fell into the sea. When opened fire on an enemy raider, causflames. The plane, Clearman realized that his shipmate, ing it to burst into too exhausted tograsp a life pre- riddled by fire from other ships as it. server, was swept to the boat so that turned away, eventually crashed. with each rise and fall of the bow he was driven further under tocomplete submersion, he received permission The following civilian nurses who, from the officer of the deck and manned first-aid stations at Dutch.

plunged intothe choppy seas and swam through current the the to launch. He held the gunwalefirmly withone hand, while proffering his legs to thevise-like grip of the drowning sailor, and thereby pulled him to the surface. Clearman then placed himinto a ring buoy, andhe was hauled to safety.

'

Page 54

Harbor, Alaska, upon the occasion of the first Japanese air attack on the American navalbase, for giving aid to the military and civilian wounded at first-aidstationsin open areas exposed to the bombing attack, and for assisting surgeons in performing operations; because of their help the suffering of the woundedwas alleviated, and the number of fatalities was held to a minimum: Miss Veronica Janastock, of Coleman, Alberta, Canada. M i s s Fern Tellifson, of Portland, Oreg. Miss Mary Kain, of Algona, Iowa. Miss DeWell, Lucille Cherokee, Iowa. Mrs. MargaretZsklan, of Seattle, Wash.

Unofficial

PUBLICATION CHECK LIST

Designed to call attention to published information which otherwise may be missed. Activity or publisher i n parenthesis indicates where publication may be obtained; cost, if any, as indicated. Issuing activities should furnishlistings t o Editor.
UNICALS
Official

The following changes in command have been announced by the Navy Department: Maj. Gen.Roy S. Geiger, us, who commanded Marine Corps aviation at Guadalcanal t o Director of Aviation, U. S. Marine Comrps, replacingMaj. Gen. Ralph J. Mitchell, USMC, who will take over Maj. Gen. Geigers duties in the South Pacific as Commanding General. First Marine Aircraft Wing.
72

I
CHANGE OF COMMAND
PERIODICALS

Handbook of First Aid Treatment for Survivors of Disasters a t Sea (BuPers, Training Division) : Short, practical guide: on waterproof and oilproof paper. Manual for Officer Students of the U S. . Naval Reserv-asses A-V(S) and AV(P)(Training Division, BuAer) : Short guide. Notes for Ensigns A-V(N) U. 5. N. R. (Training Division, BuAer) : Reminder and guide for orientation. Using Your Navy Wings (Training Division, BuAer) : Primer for cadets.

United States Naval Institute Proceedings for May1943(U. s. Naval Institute, Annapolis, Md.) : Followship, a n essay on leadership and followship. Wind Rules Again, the effects of wind on carrier operations. Wanted: A New Naval Development, Policy, reviewing past operationsand recommending measures for thefuture. Aero-Amphibious Phase of the Present War, Notes on International Affairs. Map and Aerial Photograph Reading (The Military Service Publishing Co.. Harrisburg, Pa., $1.00): A guide to accurate map reading. How to Say i ti n Spanish, (Military Service Publishing Co., Harrisburg, Pa., 756) : A reference for everyday words and phrases.

Official
TraDiv Letter for May15,1943 (Training Division, BuPers) : Largest Naval Training Station, describing training of recruits a t Great Lakes. Confusion Tech; curriculum of the Navys Elementary Electricity and Radio Material School, Chicago. Sachuest Point Rifle Range; trainingmen a t NTS, Newport, R. I., in rifle technique. U.S. S. Where Away, description of lookout training a t NTS, San Diego. Chemical Casualties (Civilian Defense Off.: ; Firstaid i n prevention and lot) treatment of chemical casualtdes.

Rear Admiral WilliamA. Glassford, detached from duty as commandant of the Sixth Naval District and Charleston, S. C.,Navy Yard, to report in Washington forfurther orders.

Lt. Comdr. Charles C. Kirkpatrick, commander of an American submarine which accounted for destruction of at least 11 Japanese warships and merchantmen in a little more than a year of operation, to duty as and aide flag lieutenant on the staff of Admiral Ernest J. King, commander in chief of the United States Fleet, in Washington.
0;

The following new training films and film strips have been approved for initial distribution to applicable Naval activities. Activities not included in initial distribution may borrow prints from Naval District Libraries. MA-2091. Organization of the-Army. MN-1513. Maintenance of Office Machines. MG-2399. Ships Nomenclature. MN-1424c. PT Boat Tactics. MN-1379. Proceed and Report. MA-1241. First Aid and Gas Casualties. MA-23661. On Your Own-FightingMen Series. MA-2431. The War (Series of Informational Films). MN-19 a, b, c. Submarine Training. MA-2366k. Latrincgram (Fighting Men Series). 534. Coastal Defense. MA-1719~. Divide and Conquer. MA-1719d. Battle of Britain. SN-1449a. Electrical Controls, Part I. MA-409~. Identification of AircraftMesserschmidt 109F.

SHARK - REPELLENT I S DEVELOPED

Col. David R. Nimmer. WSMC, from duty in the South Paciflc, to headquarters of the Marine Corps, to which he will be attached until termination of leave of absence, when he will be assigned to duty not yet disclosed.

Hungry sharks may soon no longer shark-repellentwassuspended in the water nearby. be a serious physical or mental menace to men adrift in shark-infested The composition of the substanceis waters as a result of the development a closely guarded secret but the Navy of a shark-repellent substance. Department says that it is easily and The Navy Department disclosed cheaplyobtained.Arrangements aldisthat investigators, working under con- ready are being madefor its early a tract between the Office of Scientiflc tributiontoallpersonneloperating exists Rear Admiral Ingram Cecil Sowell, Research and Development and in areas where the shark hazard USN, to new duties as Commandant, and whose duties may subject them Marine Studios, Incorporated, have Naval Operating Ease, Bermuda, and developed the product after numerous to this risk. Commander, C o m b i n ed Defense actual tests in the Three identical fish baits, the regpresence of sharks. Forces, relieving .Rear Admiral Jules The experiments were begun in ular food of sharks, were used in the James, USN. tanks at Woods Hole, Mass., and con- experiments. A small amount of the Rear Admiral Sowell formerly was tinued in waters off the of Commanding Officer, Naval Training Florida. They culminated coast series shark-repellent was placed near one in a of these baits. In each of 25 experiStation,Farragut,Idaho;Rear Adof miralJames, who served 2 years in of field trials at the mouth Guaya- ments this bait, which is believed to Bermuda, will go to Charleston, S. C., qui1 Harbdr, Ecuador. Hungry sharks be far more attractive to sharks than a man, was left untouched whereas as Commandant, Sixth Naval District, werefoundtorefuseabait,which they would have taken other baits not near the shark-resucceeding Rear Admiral William A. otherwise voraciously, if a small quantity of the pellent were invariably taken. Glassford.

Page 55

LEGISLATIVE MATTERSofNAVAL INTEREST

Expansion Of HospitalFacilities

. of the Federalgovernment, to em- dates indicated: Laurance T DuBose, Carleton F.Bryployes of a contractor with the gov- September 21, 1942; B. ernment, or his subcontractor, to the ant, September 25, 1942;George Wilson, October 3, 1942. dependents of such persons, and in Expansion of hospital facilities for emergencies to such other persons as The nominationof Capt. CharlesE. dependents of Naval and Marine the Secretaryof Navy may prescribe: Rosendahl as a temporary Rear AdCorps personnel is provided in Public Provided, That such care to other than miral from July 9, 1942,has been faLaw No. 51, Seventy-eighth Congress. dependents, of Naval and Marine vorably reported by the Senate Naval Briefly, the act provides: Corps personnel shall be permitted Affairs Committee. (See page 29.) (1) The appropriation of $2,000,000. only where facilities are nototherwise Confirmed by the Senate, Rear Ad(2) That hospitalization of dependavailable in reasonably accessible and miral Charles P. Snyder, when retired ents shallbe at such per diem or other appropriate non-Federal hospitals. on August 1,1943,will be placedon the rate as may be prescribed from time retired list with the rank of admiral. Charges will be set by the President. to time by the President: that such The following also were nominated (5) Hospitalization of dependents sums thus collected shall be deposited of naval and Marine Corps personnel for appointment ascommodores while to the credit of the fund for the main- and of persons outside the naval on the duties and with rank as of the tenance and operation of naval hos- service (mentioned item dates stated: Capt. Ralph S. Wentunder 4) pitals. shall be furnished only for acute med- worth, commanderof Naval Operating (3) The term dependents includes ical and surgical conditions, exclusive Base, Iceland, April 24, 1943;Capt. a lawful wife, unmarried dependent commander of of nervous, mental, orcontagious dis- Charles M. Yates, child (or children) under 21 years of eases orthoserequiring domiciliary Naval Operating Base, Oran, Africa, age, and the mother and father if in care. Dental treatment shall be ad- April 26, 1943. fact such mother or father depend- ministered only as an adjunct to inis ent on a member of the Navy or Mapatienthospitalcare and shall ,not Reserve Midshipmans . child (or include term rine Corps. The dental prosthesis orthoor children) shall include a natural or dontia. Quarters Allowance adopted child stepchild. or The ( 6 ) During such periods as the A bill amending the Pay Readjustwidows of deceased Naval and Marine Coast Guard shall operate as a part Corps personnel shall be entitled to of the Navy, the provisions of this act ment Act of June 1942 by adding: Reserve hospital care in like manner as de- apply to dependents 05 Coast Guard Midshipmen of the Naval when not furnished quarters or subpendents. personnel in like manner and to the (4) I n addition to persons, includ- same extent as to dependents of per- sistence in kind shall be granted the ing dependents, now authorized to requarters and sonnel of the Navy and Marine Corps. same allowance for ceive hospitalization at naval hospisubsistence as is grantedhereunder tals, hospitalization and dispensary Nominations to enlisted men not furnished quarters or rations in kind, has passed service may be provided outside the The following-named Captains have theSenateand continental limits of the United States been reported faandin Alaska, to officers and em- been confirmed by the Senate as tem- vorably by the HouseNaval Affairs ployes of any department or agency porary Rear Admirals to rank from Committee.

-Press

Association Photographs.

New MethodstheAllies
TRANSPORTING PLANES IN TRANSPORTS: The body of a British P40 Warhawk is fastened snugly im thebody of a Umited States DouglasC-47Skytrain trmzsport. The dismantled fighter will be taken to an undisclosed front in Africa. Page 56

Are Using

RESCUING FLYERS IN CRASH BOATS: Equipped with small airplane motors and air propellers, these boats are always ready to dash t o the rescue of crashed pilots. This craft can lzavigateshallow sloughs, even mud and slime.

ceived in the Bureau, i t is apparent that the above definition is not known The Chief of Naval Personnel has or is being misinterpreted by many requested the commandants of all Reserve officers. Temporary living districts, Chiefs of Naval Air Training addresses, i.e., residences occupied in Commands, and Commanding Officers the vicinity of presentduty station of all Naval Training Stations to give during a tour of duty, should not be Bureau. every consideration to enlisted per- reported to the While on leave and delay counting sonnel now serving ashore who are as leave, under orders which specifianxious to obtainsea dutyorduty outside the continental limits of the cally direct the officer to keep the Bureau advised of his leave address, UnitedStates,thisconsiderationto reports should be made promptly in be consistent with the important functions which activities within the order to be of any value. In reporting such addresses, specific dates should continental limits a.re performing. be given, such as May 20 to May 26, It is considered essential that the operating staffs and ships companies inclusive, 120 Main Street, Abingdon, of shore activities be maintained in a Virginia. Numerous lettersare refluid condition, in order that they may ceived stating my address whileon , without inconstitute a source of supply for the leave will be fleets, and to insure that all qualified cluding dates or references. Elimination of such unnecessary personnel have the opportunity and and incomplete reports not only reprivilege of serving in combat areas. duces paper work but will prevent future complications.

Sea Duty

ConvalescentLeave
For the duration of the war,all naval hospitals in the United States have been authorized by the Bureau of Naval Personnel to grant up to 60 daysconvalescentleave to enlisted patients hospitalized as the result of illness orinjury which necessitated their evacuation from overseas. When no longer in need of active treatment, and when a period of convalescence with their families may be expected to hasten their recovery and,return to duty, such enlisted patientsmay be transferred, without prior referenceto the Bureau Naval of Personnel, to the naval hospital nearest to their home, or pointof convalescence with their families, provided the transfer is accomplished a t no expense to the Government, with not to exceed 60 days leave en route, Upon expiration of convalescent leave men are to report to the naval hospital to which so transferred, for final disposition. In the cases of patients found physically qualified for limited duty ashore, a report of medical survey is required.Enlisted patients upon expiration of their convalescentleave found fullyqualified for return togeneral service, are to be made available for assignment to duty by Commanders, Service Force Subordinate Commands,AtlanticandPacific Fleets. The Atlantic Fleet will have jurisdiction in such cases for naval hospitals east of the Mississippi River, and the Pacific Fleet will havejurisdiction over those west of the Mississippi River. The above procedure does not include patients who are admitted to the hospital from their place of duty, or to patients who are permanently disabled for the performance of any duty, or in whose cases there is a likelihood that active treatment may be , required during leave period.

________

Navy Officers Authorized To ContinueKhaki Uniform Purchases

In order to clarify any misunderstanding relative to a change in the naval officersworking uniform, the following information is provided: A change in the color of the naval officers working uniform was announced as soon as fast dyes of the color decided upon could be obtained in order to inform the naval service, the textile trade and distributors, thereby clarifying the general uncertainty. The yardage from which to fabyicate uniforms of the new color (slate gray) will not be-availablein adequate quantities for many months. Consequently, khaki uniforms may continue to be purchased until stocks are exhausted, and may be worn as long as they areserviceable.

PermanentResidence
The Bureau of Naval Personnel Manual, Article H-1802, defines official residence (as)the place of permanent residence or home to which a member of the Naval Reserve, if ordered to activeduty, would normally expect to be returned, upon release from active duty. From the volume of notifications of changes of official residence re-

Page 62 Air Gunner Insignia Clinton Housing Facilities 62 Commissions fcr Waves----63 57 Convalescent Lezve Correspondence Courses----59 Dishonorable Discharges 60-61 Enlisted Training Courses- 59 63 Fessenden School Hunting, Fishing Privileges62 63 Importatlon of Item Japanese Language School-60 57 Khaki Uniforms 58 Leave n m s p o r t a t i o n Name, R l t e , Service Number57 58 Officer Clzssification 63 Ogontz Scholarships 57 Permanent Residence Sea D u ~ y _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - _ - _ _57 _ _ _ _ _ Sel vice Mens Service, Inc- 59

________

_________

___________

____________ _______ ________ ________ _______

Name, Rate, .Service Number

The Bureau is experiencing considerable difficulty in identifying enlisted personnel because of the failure of many commands to observe instructions regarding the use of full name, rate, and service number on official

Temporary Orders----Duty 58 Yank Subscriptions

_________

62

Page 57

correspondence pertaining to enlisted personnel. Attentionis invited tothe below quoted paragraphs from the Bureau of Naval Personnel Manual: 0-4003 ( 3 ) No reports or correspondence in regard to enlisted men by name will be considered complete withoutthe service numbers of the men concerned. A-2001 ( 3 ) In case of reference to letters or dispatches about enlisted men by name and service number, the name of the man concerned must be given in full to enable the Bureau to locate the letter. A-2007 ( 3 ) File numbers for correspondence relating to enlisted personnel will be the lettersMM placed before the individuals name andserv, ice number, first names to be written in full. All commands will observe the No correspondabove instructions. ence should be forwarded to the Bureau, or elsewhere, pertaining to enlisted personnel, unless name, full rate, and service number of the individual concerned appears thereon.

Establishment of Officer QualificationClassification Systems

Inquiries have been received by the Bureau of Naval Personnel fromsome commanding officers concerning the possibility of establishing officer qualification classification systems within their commands to assist in internal detailing and in similar administrative procedures. I n most cases this would be largely an unwarranted expenditure of man hours,since it would duplicate the classification file maintained in the Bureau. (See story on page 7 of this issue.) However, in some instances the setting up of such a plan would not be unwarranted and would doubtless be of real value t o the commanding officer. It is hoped thatinany case where a commanding officerwishes to establish a qualifications classification system for his own purposes he will utilize the standard codes which have beendeveloped in the Bureau for classifying naval officers qualifications. The desirability of having a

uniform qualification classification System throughout the service is apparent. The Bureau will be glad to furnish technical advice and to make its facilities available for this purpose in any casewhere theinstallations of such procedures are considered practicable.
,

Temporary Duty Orders

A l l officers or boards traveling undertemporarydutyordersarereminded that when theirduty takes them within the vicinityof a large shore establishment, such the headquarters of a commandant of a naval district, a navy yard, or naval OPerating base, they should notify such a command of their presence atthe earliest reasonable time after arrival, by letter, telephone, or in person, g i V ing their mission, the length of time they will remain in the vicinity and how they can be reached. If the duty is to be reasonably long, the commandant of the naval district should be notified even thoughnotinthe immediate vicinity. The above is considered good naval practice, is often of importance when it is desired to reach an officer with essential information, and is important for the sake coordination withof in thedistrict. This procedure should be complied with even though the official travel orders do not require the officer to report.

ReturnTransportation From Leave

Commandants and commanding officers of naval training stations are requested t o bring to the attention of enlisted personnel going on recruit leave the necessity of providing themselves with sufficient funds to pay for their return transportation. There is agrowing tendency for recruits on leave to apply to Red Cross and Navyrelief chapters for return transportation.Thispractice should be discontinued. Service charitable organizations are, not expected to advance funds f o r this purpose and no such arrangement will be authorized or requested. Recruits shouldbe cautioned that a part of the funds which they are required to have on hand before being granted leavemust be reservedfor their return transportation. -Reckless spending of retwn transportationfunds should not be accepted as an excuse to resort to hitchhiking. The men should be cautioned against possible legitimate loss of

Somebody otlghtto tell thatWAAC to stay in the middle of that transport. Page 58

funds, or theft, and urged toadopt necessary safeguards. Those stranded without funis for return transportation should apply to a main Navy Recruiting Station, or Receiving Ship, prior to expiration of leave, for return transportation. Transportation requests may be furnished for this purpose, but the cost will be checked against their individThis procedure ual pay accounts. should not be considered as relieving them from all liability to punishment for failure to comply with such orders as may beissued on the subject by their commanding officers. Each case should investigated be carefully to discourage the practice.

mentsfor which eachcenter is responsible. In the case of enrollments by officersnot located within specific a Naval District, the request should be forwarded to the Educational Center nearest the United States Fleet Post Office address of the vessel or activity to which the officer is assigned.

Enlisted Training Courses

1 An unexpected delayin thedeliv. ery of the General Training Courses for Nonrated Men is making i t necessary toback-order all requests for the publication. There is still a supply on hand of Apprentice Seaman training courses, one of the two courses which the GTC is intended to replace, but the stock of A-N, the other course Correspondente Courses which the GTC is supplanting,has For Naval Reserve Officers been exhausted. All such requests for A-N will .be filled with copies of the 1. The Bureau of Naval Personnel General Training Course for NonCircular Letter No. 31-43, Pers-2431MBR QR/P11-1 dated March 13,1943, rated Men. 2. Motor Machinists Mate 2c course has announced that Naval Reserve Officers Correspondence Courses are book and PT&E, and Parachute Rignow available to officers outside the ger, training course only, 3c and 2c Continental limits of the United may now be ordered since the books States. Following the circulation of are expected from the printers within this letter,a large number of requests the next two months. 3. A training course for Pharmafor enrollment have been received a t t h k Bureau of Naval Personnel, Wash- cists Mate ICand Chief is being writington, D. C. However, distribution of ten at thepresent time, and should be this course material is not made di- ready on or about Aug-t 15th. Since rectfromtheBureauto individual this course is listed onthe order form, BNP 676, all requests for it are being officers. 2. A request for enrollmentmust be back-ordered. However, Educational forwarded via the Commanding Offi- Officerswill receive this publication cer to the Naval Reserve Educational just as promptly if they will refrain from ordering Pharmacists Mate IC Center that is responsible for enrollments from the Naval District in and Chief until mid-July. 4. The Artificers Manual is now obwhich $he officer is located. The procedure f o r enrollment outlined in the solete and no longer available. Until the enlisted training courses t o cover Bureau of Naval Personnel Manual, chapter 5, section 4, lists the four the ratings which formerly used this manualare pubIished, asubstitute, naval Reserve EducationalCenters, and also the Naval District enroll- the ShipfittersManual, by A. Crivelli, published by the Pitman Co., is being stocked at the Naval Warehouse, and copies are obtainable in limited amounts upon request. 5. The Radio Technician 3c course, examination book and key material was purchased and madeavailable for the training of R8adioTechnicians 3c and strikers for that rating (Reference-Bureau of Naval Personnel Circular letter No. 20-43, to all Ships and Stations, dated February 25, 1943. The quantity obtainedwas considered adequate for the number of men in service as RadioTechnicians 3c or strikers for that rating. The number of requests being received appears to indicate that the course is being ordered for otherpurposes than thatfor which it was intended. Because of Section Base Sweepings. this situation, educational officers are *Wegottu watch Smith, sir-he used asked to use discretion in ordering the course material. to m n a pinwheel on the outside.

6. A t the present time, t.he following enlisted training courses are being written or edited, but the publication datesare too indefinite towarrant placing requests onback order. When requests for these courses are received, a form letter will be returned explaining , that announcement of their availability will be made in later issues of the Bureau of NavalPersonnel InformationBulletinandin Bureau ofNaval Personnel Circular Letters to all Ships and Stations.

Artificer Branch Carpenters Mate 3c and 2c. Shipfitter 3c and 2c. Patternmaker 2c and IC. Radio Technician 2c, ICand Chief. Soundman 3c and 2c. Printer 3c,2c, IC and Chief. Painter 3c and 2c. Artificer Branch, Engine Room Motor Machinists Mate IC and Chief. Boilermaker 2c, ICand Chief. Metalsmith 2c, ICand Chief. Molder IC. Aviation Branch Aviation Electricians Mate 3c,2c, ICand Chief. Aviation Radioman 3c, 2c, IC and Chief. Aerographers Mate 3c, 23, IC and Chief. Photographers Mate 3c, 2c, ICand Chief.

Servicemens Service,

Inc.

Under the sponsorship of the Womens Council of the Navy League of the United States, a shopping service known as Servicemens Service,

I
I

v.

Bermudair.

Hcnoruble Hirohitn will review Jlket.

Page 59
I

Inc., has been established in New York

City.

the University of Colorado. Students will be expected to paytheir own This service will accept orders which transportation to Boulder, (2010. are accompanied by a money order or All students,whethermarriedor other valid remittance for the purunmarried, will be required to reside chase of anyitem available in the in college quarters. Married students United States. By this means, naval will not be permitted to bring their personnel outside continental United families with them because of the States may request purchase and deacute shortage of married residence livery of any present or gift to any quarters in the town of Boulder. The person within the United States. cost of tuition, books, and equipment merely by making application to will be met by direct payment from Servicemens Service, Inc., 8 East Sixthe Navy to the University throughout ty-first Street, New York, N.Y., and the course; until the student is comenclosing the necessary remittance. missioned and placed onactive duty Naval personnel visiting in New in the course she will meet the cost York may make application direct to of board, room, and university medithe Servicemens Service, Inc., a t 8 cal service out of her cash remuneraEast Sixty-first Street, for theadvice tion butafter being commissionedand and counsel of a personal shopper. placed on active duty in the course Great Lakes Bulletin. Whenever possible, wholesalers and she will receive quarters, subsistence, reliable shops giving discounts to Permissiom t o comeaboard, sir? and medical attention at Navy exservice personnel are patronized i n pense together with base pay of her making the purchases described above. is beinggiven at the University of rank. All students must meet physAttention is invited to the fact that Colorado, Boulder, Colo., under Navy ical, character, and academic standmanynavalpersonneloutside conards a t all times or be released from auspices andadministrationtostutinental United States who desire to dents selected by the Navy under the the course. have gifts transmitted to their famDuring the first 3 months of the following conditions: ilies in the United States will find that Women as well as men may apply course all studentswill apply for comthis service considerably simplifies and they must be between the ages of missions as officers inthe United their shopping problems. States Naval Reserve and if commis19 and 30. Both civilians and members of the Womens Reserve-officers sioned will continue in the course on active duty for the remainder of the and enlisted Japanese Language School In general, allpersonnel-areeligible. applicantsare required course period, provided they continue to havecompleted a minimum of 3 to meet the standards of the course Will Train years of college and to indicate either a t all times. No specification can be Woman Reservists a previous study of a t least 6 months made in advance as to the use t o which special training in the Japanese in Chinese or Japanese or, as an alterAt the present time a special intennative to this previous study, a college language willbe put,but it issafe sive course in the Japanese language degree with Phi Beta Kappa. Filing to assume that reserve officers called to active duty because of their special of a language qualification form constitutes application for admission to qualifications intheJapaneselanthe course. Applications will be re- guage will be assigned to duty where ceived without reference to any specific period of enrollment but the first enrollment for, womenwillprobably take place inJune 1943. Notice of DISHONORABLE consideration will be given by written invitation to a personal interview; no DISCHARGES 4 applicant willbe enrolled without o prior personal in,terview. EDITORSNOTE:T h e material This course will last 1 year. It calls for a minimum of 4 hours of classon the opposite page was prepared 6 days a room instructionperday, in accordance with BuPers Circuweek; in addition each student is ex57-43 in the May 1, lar Letter pected to spend 9 hours per day in 1943, issue of theNavyDepartpreparation. There is 1 week of vacament Bulletin, stressing the necestion at the end of each 4 months sity of bringing to the attention of period; there is no summer vacation. enlisted mert the siriousness of deSuccessfulcompletion of the course will qualify thestudent asa comsertion im wartime and the severity petent translator and interpreter of of penalties attached to a discharge the Japaneselanguage. issued f o r suchcause. Cornnzand: Suitable candidates for the course ingofficersmaydesire to reprowill be enrolled in a civilian capacity f o r bulletin duce the materkl under contract which will provide for remuneration in the amount of $150 board displays, and shig and staShot and Shell. of this tion papers may desire to reprint Ill inform the lieutenant you want per month. Out student monthly remuneration each must meet it in their publications, or underthe Navy to start jrsing p@er cups the cost of board, room, and univertake a similar projectof their own. exclusively. Nowmay I ask you to sity medical service .in accordance please bearwith us in the meantime. with terms and billing determined by
~

Page 60

Oh, he is young in war, and what if he is a quitter?

Well, hell find out later, and the medicine is bitter!

Its just a piece of paper now, but in time hell taste the pillDishonorable discharge is a toughfor going over the rap hill!

WHAT DISHONORABLE DISCHARGE FOR DESERTION IN T I M E OF WAR M E A N S T O T H E M A NWHO G E T S O N E

Hell get none of the discharge pay nor any of the other helps which the Government will more than likely provide after thewar-as a matter of fact, as far as his country is concerned, he wont even exist. The law provides that every person whodeserts in time of war, and is convicted of desertion, is not only deemed to have voluntarily relinquished and forfeited hls Federal citizenship rights but is also forever incapable of holding any office of trust or profit in theUnited States, orof exercising any rights of a citizen thereof. He cant vote, or run forelection, or even go to a Veterans hospital. He cannot join a Veterans organization, nor can he or his children be buried in a Federal cemetery. Employers will turn him down for a job. His family, if he has one or if he can find a girl who will be willing to have him, will be continually ashamed of him. When his kids want to know what kind of a hero he was, or when the boys start talking about all they did, hell have nothing to say-because hell know what they thinkof him. And there will be nothing he can do about it;. he cant even reenlist in the Armed forces to redeem himself. Not even a presidential pardon canremove this disqualification.

Page 61

effective use will be madeof their spe- censes) ; Tennessee after 90 days; cial qualifications. The above terms Utah after 3 months. Colorado grants resident privileges and conditions apply equally to men for big-game license and has special and women students; women students $1 license for fishing and small game. will expected be toapplyfor com- New York gives resident privileges for missions as officers in the Waves. fishing only, and SouthDakota grants All questions concerning enrollment resident privileges for small-game with in the course shouldbedirected to hunting if stationed in the State, resiLt. Comdr. A. E. Hindmarsh, usm, free small-gamelicenses to State dents in armed services. Room 4625, Navy Department, WashA bill has been presented to the Alaington, D. C. bama Legislature;Kentuckys Division of Game and Fish will ask the legislature convening inJanuary 1944, to Hunting, Fishing grant resident privileges; New Nampresident shire has a bill granting For ServiceMen privileges now in legislature, and WisHunting and fishing privileges have consin has two bills in legislature, one to grant free licenses and one to grant been extended to Naval andother resident privileges. s e r v i c e personnel by thirty-nine States, according to an article in the June issue of Outdoor Life magazine. AirGunner Two States, Connecticut and Iowa, give free licenses, while the following Sleeve Insignia 17 grant resident privileges: The Aviation Free Gunnery Unit, Arizona, California, Florida, Geor- Naval Air Station, San Juan, P. R., gia, Illinois, Kansas, Louisiana, Maine, and Whidbey Island, Wash., have been M i c h i g a n, Minnesota, Mississippi, added to the activities listed in paraMontana, Nebraska, North Carolina, graph 2 (c) of Bureau of Naval PerOregon, South Carolina, and Texas. sonnel Circular LetterNo. 18-43. Arkansas, Idaho (free licenses to In addition to other conditions unresidents in armed services), Missouri der which enlisted personnel may be and Virginia grant resident privileges considered eligible to wear the Air if stationed within their respective Gunners mark,theparagraph reborders. Resident privileges after 6 ferred to above covers men who have months are given by Indiana, Nevada, successfully completed the full course New Mexico, and Washington. Oklafor naval air gunners at one of the homa grants resident privileges after following Free Gunnery Training 60 days; Pennsylvania after 30 days Units, and have subsequently demon(for hunting only, bill in legislature to strated their fitness in actual air opgrant free fishing and hunting li- erations to the satisfaction of the

commanding officerof an operating aircraft unit: Aviation Free Gunnery Units, NavaI Air Station: Kaneohe Bay, T. H. Seattle, Wash. Alameda, Calif. Norfolk,Va. San Diego, Calif. San Juan, P.R. Whidbey Island, Wash. Gunnery Schools, NavalAir Station, Pensacola, Fla.

Housing Facilities, Naval AirStation, Clinton,Okla.

The prospective commanding officer, Naval Air Station, Clinton, Okla., has notified the Bureau there are no housing facilities for families on the station, and only limited housing facilities available within a radius of 40 miles. Accordingly, officers andenlisted personnel should not move their families until they have arranged for housing andtransportation,oruntil permission of the commanding officer, Naval Air Station, Clinton, Okla., has been obtained.

SubscriptionstoYank
The following information is furnished with regard to entering subscriptions for Yank, the Army Weekly: Subscription rates are: 8 months (35 issues), $1. 1 year (52 issues), $1.50. Subscriptionsshould be addressed to: Yank Headquarters. 205 East Forty-second Street. New York City. Subscriptionsentered by military organizations will be given 10 percent discount, provided that copies received undersuch a n arrangement are not forresale. Subscriptions for individual enlisted men or officers are not entit.led to the10 percent discount. If a vessel receives consignments of magazines from the American News Company, quantities of Yank may be purchased at the wholesale rate of four cents per copy. Yank may then be supplied along with other periodicals distributed by the Americzn News Company. Posters, subscription or blanks, other Yankadvertising matter may be obtained by writing direct to Yank headquarters.

Eilly Eddy.

Mast he be so empnatzc, Comma.nder?>

Page 62

EnlistedWayes May Commissions Get

has a good scholasticrecord rather than to one with poor record. a Since it is extremely difficult to judge the applicants solely on t,he The Bureau of Naval Personnel has basis of paper records, a personal announced that it willconsider reinterview of those deemed to have a questsfromenlisted women of t h e reasonable chance of selection beNaval Reserve for transfer from class comes a very desirable elementin the V-10 to class V-9. . Candidates must making of the distinction which will meet the same requirements set for undoubtedly be necessary if the judgapplicants entering class V-9 from a ing is to be done on n equitable basis. civilian life. In addition,theymust The Commandant of the Eleventh VR-Wings. have served 6 months on continuous Naval District and the Superintendactive duty and be recommended by ent of the Naval Academy have each their commanding officer as suitable been designated to appointaboard The Fessenden School or committee to interview and noma commission in the material for The Fessenden School, West New- inate applicants for the scholarships Womens Reserve, USNR. Enlisted women whose requests are ton, Mass.,was founded in 1903 and to the Navy Department where final accepted will receive training at the is nondenominational. It has an en- selections will be made after considUnited States Naval Reserve Midship- rollment of approximately 120 board- eration o f the detailed recommendamens School ( W R ) a t Northampton, ers and 85 day students. The grades tions of the respective boardsor comstart with the first and go through mittees. Mass. the eighth. The ages run from 6 to Detailed information concerning The parents of any girl desiring to Boarders $1,400, havetheirdaughter the eligibility of and procedure for 14 or 15. Tuition: considered for enlisted women for transfer to class day students $300 to $600. A 10 perone of these scholarships should apV-9 is contained in a letter from the cent discount on the above-stated ply to the Commandant of tne Chief of Naval Personnel to theCom- amounts is offered to children of naval Eleventh Naval District or to the manding Officers, Major and Minor personnel. Superintendent of the NavalAcadCommunications in regard to this Shore Stations and Activities, Comemy. The letter of application should mandants,all Naval Districts, Bu- school shouldbe addressed to Mr. Hart contain the following information: a Fessenden, Headmaster, The Fessen- photograph of the applicant; a letter reaus and Offices in theNavy Department,Communications Officers and den School, West Newton, Mass. from the pastor of the familys church; a letter from theprincipal of R a d i o S t a t i o n s (Pers-3639-vjp Ogontz School ,QR8/OL 11 of March 31, 1943). the high school or secondaryschool from which the applicanbt graduated, Partial Scholarships Importation of The Bureau has been advised bythe togetherwith a n attested statement academic record; and such Principal of the Ogontz School, Mont- of her CertainItems gomery County, Pa.,that thetwo par- otherletters of recommendation as the parents desire to submit. The attention of the Naval service tial scholarships of $900, each offered Applications for these partial scholby the Trustees of the Ogontz School is invited to the provisions of parawill be available forthe coming school arships should be forwarded in time graph 1518 of theTariff Act, which to reach the Superintendent, United forbids the importation of items made year. Thesescholarships are limited to States NavalAcademy or the Comfrom the feathers and skins of such daughters of graduates of the United mandant, Eleventh Naval District by wild birds as the Eider Duck., June 20, 1943. Members of the NavaI service who States Naval Academy on active duty and not restricted as to place of resiare stationed in northern areas are advised that when they purchase such dence. The $900 reduction in the annual cost of tuition and expenses at items and attempt to send them to relatives and friends in the United the school covers about one-half the States, the packages are destroyed total charge. These scholarships willbe for the by the Post Office, rather than de2-yearcourse in the Ogontz Junior livered. College which provides for a course of study containing the essentials of a college course both in academic and artistic work. Theplan of study is equally adapted to the girlwho completes her education a t Ogontz. The courses offeredprepare any student who attains high standingtoenter universities and certain specified colleges with the rank of junior. There is no entrance examination, but the applicant must be a graduate of an accredited high school or comparable secondary school, and while it is specifically prescribed that no se-The Beam. lection by competition is desired or Hansen remember cant hes been intended, other things being equal the Whaddaya say we just loaf today, transferred to seaplanes. J, Fred? selection willbegiven to a girl who

Page 63

INDEX FOR JUNE 1943

page
Page Page

Transports Wrecked Adak. U. S. Occupies . . . . . . . 8 Japanese (Photographs) . . . . . . . . . . .35 AfricanVictory.Navys Part in . . 2 Air Ambulances . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Khaki. Officers May Still Wear . . 57 (Map) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Aleutian Area (Map) . . . . . . . 23 Kiska Legislative Matters. Naval . . . . 56 Amchitka. New Base (Photographs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32-33 MacArthur. Gen. Douglas . . . . . 18 Attu (Map) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Medical Successes. More Figures on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Attu. U. S. Attacks . . . . . . . . . 6 Allies (Photo Bases. New Pacific . . . . . . . . . . 8 Methods. New graphs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 Blimp Finds Shipwrecked Men (Photograph) . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Blimp Training . . . . . . . . . . . 29 THIS MONTHS COVER Bulletin Board Index . . . . . . . . 57 BuPers Bulletin Board . . . . . . . 57 Casualties. Naval Personnel . . . . 18 Change of Command . . . . . . . . 55 Churchill. Winston. Meets with President . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Chronomap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Classification System. New Officer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Communiques. NavyDepartment . 22 ConvalescentLeave . . . . . . . . . 57 Correspondence Courses for Reserve Omcers . . . . . . . . . . . 59 Dams. German. Blown Up . . . . . 19 Decorations and Citations . . . . . 36 Dishonorable Discharges . . . . . . 61 Fujiyama. celebrated volcano 70 Ellice Islands. U. S. Occupies . . . 8 miles west-southwest of Tokyoy was First Public Account of Radar . . 10 photographed through the periscope of Foss. Capt Joseph.gets Medal a U S submarine in search of enemy of Honor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 shipping in enemy waters Fajiyama German U-Boat Crew Taken reaches a height of 15395 feet. i t s Prisoner (Photograph) . . . . . . 30 southern slopes reachingthe shores of German U-Boat. Trophies from Suruga Bay { A Japanese broadcat unident@ed (Photographs) . . . . . . . . . . 40 recently reported that an submarine shelled one of theJapanese Guadalcanal Today (P h o t o graphs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Islands.) On the page opposite: The f Halsey. Admiral William . . . . . . 18 starboard anchor o a U S warship hits the water with a mighty splash. Hunting and FishingPrivileges . . 62 a welcome sound to the crew I t usIdentification of Enemy Craft . . 17 ually means shore liberty after long Japanese Language School to weeks at sea fAll cover pictures are Train Women Reservists . . . . 60 Oficial U S Navy photographs.)

..

..

. ..

Months News . . . . . . . . . . . . Navys Part in African Victory . . New Buggies for Allied Land. SeaForces . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Pacific Bases . . . . . . . . . . Neptune Holds Court (Photograph) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Officer Classification. New . . . . . Permanent Residence. Defiinition of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Publication Check List . . . . . . . Quotes of the .Month . . . . . . . Radar. First Public Account of . . Raids. Air. onEurope . . . . . . . . RecognitionSystem. New . . . . . ReturnTransportation fr om Leave.Provision for . . . . . . . . Rickenbacker. Capt. Eddie. on Funafuti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Russell Islands. U. S. Occupies . . Sea Battle off Aleutians . . . . . . Sea-going Trucks(Photograph) . Sea Duty. Requests for . . . . . . . Shark RepellentDeveloped . . . . Spanish. Word and Phrases . . . . Submarine Hits Ten J a p Ships . . Taylor. D r . A . Hoyt. on Radar ... Temporary Duty Orders. Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Training Courses for Enlisted Personnel . . . . . . . . . . . . . Training Films. New . . . . . . . . Typhoon. New RAF Fighter (Photograph) . . . . . . . . . . . . Uniform. Omcers New (Photograph) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . U .S.Attacks Attu. . . . . . . . . . Von Arnim. Surrender of (Photograph) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Waves. Enlisted May Get Commissions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Yank. Subscriptions to . . . . . . Young. Leo C., on Radar . . . . . .

18 2
47

8
.

30 7 57 55 21 10 18 17 58 20 9 19 47 57 55 15 14 10 58 59 55 47 31 6 5 . 63 62 10

Page 64