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The Communication Subsystem is made up of redundant 3-band transceivers and power amplifiers, redundant VHF transceivers, and signal processing equipment with associated antenna systems. equipments provide the following capabilities: These
transmission of PCM telemetry, TV, voice, emergency key and range data between LM and earth;
(2) VHF for linking LM and Command
(3) VHF
telemetry capability from L to Command Module on the far side of M the moon;
(4) EVA (Extravehicular Astronaut) link to earth via
VHF/S-band relay. PROPULSIOX SYSTEM The L V spacecraft uses separate descent and ascent propulsion systems, each of which is complete and independent of the other. Each consists of a liquid-propellent rocket engine with its propellant, storage, pressurization and feed compments. propulsion The descent
spacecraft i n t o t h e descent t r a n s f e r o r b i t .
I t i s t h e n used i n
t t h e f i n a l d e s c e n t t r a j e c t o r y a s a r e t r o r o c k e t ta c ~ n t r o l h e r a t e o f d e s c e n t and t o e n a b l e t h e LM t o hover and move h o r i z o n t a l l y . The a s c e n t p r o p u l s i o n system i s c o n t a i n e d w i t h i n t h e a s c e n t s t a g e and u s e s a f i x e d , c o n s t a n t - t h r u s t e n g i n e t o launch t h e a s c e n t s t a g e from t h e l u n a r s u r f a c e and p l a c e it i n t o l u n a r o r b i t . The a s c e n t
e n g i n e can a l s o p r o v i d e any g r o s s o r b i t a d j u s t m e n t s t h a t may be n e c e s s a r y f o r rendezvous w i t h t h e Command S e r v i c e Module (CSM). Both p r o p u l s i o n systems u s e h y p e r g o l i c p r o p e l l a n t s c o n s i s t i n g o f a 50-50 f u e l m i x t u r e o f h y d r a z i n e (N2H4) and unsymmetrical d i m e t h y l h y d r a z i n e (uDMH) w i t h n i t r o g e n t e t r o x i d e (N204) a s t h e oxidizer. The m i x t u r e r a t i o o f o x i d i z e r t o f u e l i s 1.6 t o 1 by I n b o t h s t a g e s , t h e p r o p e l l a n t s a r e f e d from
weight, a t i n j e c t i o n .
t a n k s , w i t h helium a s t h e t a n k p r e s s u r a n t . The d e s c e n t p r o p u l s i o n system c o n s i s t s o f t w 3 f u e l and two o x i d i z e r t a n k s w i t h t h e a s s o c i a t e d p r o p e l l a n t p r e s s u r i z a t i o n and f e e d comp3nents, and a t h r o t t l e a b l e r o c k e t e n g i n e t h a t d e v e l o p s a maximum t h r u s t o f 9710 p3unds and can b e o p e r a t e d a t any p3wer s e t t i n g down t o a minimum t h r u s t o f 105U pounds. b e s h u t down and r e s t a r t e d a s r e ~ u i r e d . The e n g i n e i s mounted i n t h e c e n t e r compartment o f t h e d e s c e n t s t a g e c r u c i f o r m , suspended a t t h e t h r o a t o f t h e combustion chamber o on a gimbal r i n g which i s an i n t e g r a l p ~ r t i o n f t h e e n g i n e assembly. The gimbal r i n g i s p i v o t e d i n t h e d e s c e n t s t a g e s t r u c t u r e a l o n g an (more) The e n g i n e can a l s o
a x i s normal t o t h a t o f t h e engine p i v o t s s o t h a t t h e engine can be gimballed 6 i n any d i r e c t i o n by means of gimbal d r i v e a c t u a t o r s O t o p r o v i d e t r i m c o n t r o l i n t h e p i t c h and r o l l axes d u r i n g powered descent'. The a s c e n t p r o p u l s i o n system u s e s a f i x e d , c o n s t a n t - t h r u s t r o c k e t e n g i n e i n s t a l l e d along t h e c e n t e r l i n e of t h e a s c e n t s t a g e m i d s e c t i o n . and i n c l u d e s t h e a s s o c i a t e d p r o p e l l a n t supply compments. The engine developes 3500 pounds of t h r u s t , i n a vacuum, s u f f i c i e n t ' t o launch t h e a s c e n t s t a g e from t h e l u n a r s u r a f c e and p l a c e it i n t o orbit. Two main p r o p e l l a n t t a n k s a r e used, one f o r f u e l and t h e The t a n k s a r e i n s t a l l e d on e i t h e r s i d e of t h e The p r o p o l l a n t supply s e c t i o n s i n t h i s
other f o r oxidizer.
The Guidance, Navigation and C o n t r o l (GN&C) system p r o v i d e s t h e measuring and d a t a p r o c e s s i n g c a p a b i l i t i e s and c o n t r o l f u n c t i o n s n e c e s s a r y t o accomplish l u n a r l a n d i n g and a s c e n t , and rendezvous e and docking w i t h t h e ~ o m m a n d / ~ e r v i cModule (CSM). The GN&C
system comprises two f u n c t i o n a l loops, each of which i s a completely independent guidance and c o n t r o l p a t h . The primary guidance p a t h If a
e f f e c t a s a f e rendezvous w i t h t h e o r b i t i n g CSM.
'
N a v i g a t i o n S e c t i o n (PGNS) and a C o n t r o l E l e c t r o n i c s S e c t i o n (CES). The PGNS i s an a i d e d i n e r t i a l g u i d a n c e s e c t i o n whose p r i n c i p a l a i d s a r e t h e Landing Radar (L!?), t h e Rendezvous R a d a r / ~ r a n s p o n d e r (RR/T), The CES p r o c e s s e s t h e
and t h e Alignment O p t i c a l T e l e s c o p e ( A O T ) .
COXTROL SYSTEM
The RCS c o n s i s t s
plume d e f l e c t i n g s h i e l d under t h e downward f i r i n g t h r u s t e r s t o p r e v e n t flame impingement on t h e d e s c e n t s t a g e s u r f a c e . The arrangement i s s u c h t h a t t w 3 o f t h e t h r u s t chamber a s s e m b l i e s i n each c l . u s t c r a r e mounted p a r a l l e l t o t h e v e h i c l e ' s
X a x i s , f a c i n g i n o p p ~ s i t e i r e c t i o n s (up and down); t h e o t h e r twa d
forward o r a f t ) i n a p l a n e normal t o t h e X a x i s .
Two t h r u s t chamber
a s s e m b l i e s i n e a c h c l u s t e r a r e s u p p l i e d by System A ; t h e o t h e r by System B.
ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEM
The E l e c t r i c a l Power System (EPS) i n t e r f a c e s w i t h a l l major systems. Primary d-c pswer i s provided by two s t o r a g e b a t t e r i e s
inverters. The Guidance, N a v i g a t i o n and C o n t r o l System (GN&CS) u s e s d-c pDwer from t h e EPS f o r o p e r a t i o n o f t h e Primary Guidance, N a v i g a t i o n and C o n t r o l S e c t i o n ; t h e Abort Guidance S e c t i o n ; and t h e Computing and Radar S e c t i o n s . The R e a c t i o n C o n t r o l System (RCS) u s e s 28-volt d-c p3wer f o r a c t i v a t i o n o f f u e l and o x i d i z e r v a l v e s t h a t f e e d each o f t h e t h r u s t chamber a s s e m b l i e s ( T C A ' S ) . S h u t o f f and c r o s s f e e d v a l v e s a r e used
t o i n t e r c o n n e c t l i n e s between t h e a s c e n t s t a g e p r o p u l s i o n system and RCS. The Main P r o p u l s i o n System (MPS) u s e s 28-volt d-c power f o r o p e r a t i o n o f s o l e n o i d o p e r a t e d and e l e c t r o e x p l o s i v e v a l v e s t h a t govern t h e flow and combustion o f f u e l and o x i d i z e r r e q u i r e d f o r a s c e n t and d e s c e n t e n g i n e o p e r a t i o n . Primary a-c power i s used f o r
The Environmental Control System (ECS) uses 28-volt d-c power for activation of IN cabin pressurization and emergency oxygen valves and operation of the primary and secondary glycol coolant pumps that provide thermal stabilization and control of
Electronic Replaceable Assemblies (ERA'S) and instrumentation. The ECS interfaces with the EPS through the circuit breakers for activation of ECS components and controls and displays. The ECS
interfaces with the IS through the controls and displays panels and (more)
i z a t i o n o f t h e RCS, d e s c e n t e n g i n e and a s c e n t e n g i n e ; i n t e r r u p t s t h e e l e c t r i c a l c i r c u i t s d u r i n g s t a g i n g and p r o v i d e s t h e means o f s e p a r a t i n g t h e d e s c e n t and a s c e n t s t a g e , e x p l o s i v e l y , f o r a normal s t a g i n g o p s r a t i o n o r f o r an a b ~ r t . Helium i s used t o p r e s s u r i z e t h e d e s c e n t e n g i n e p r o p e l l a n t t a n k s , a s c e n t e n g i n e p r o p z l l a n t t a n k s and r e a c t i o n c o n t r o l propellant tanks. Helium i s o l a t i o n v a l v e s , a f t e r e x p l o s i v e i n i t i a t i o n
o f t h e s e v a l v e s , p r o v i d e t h 3 helium f o r t h e p r e s s u r i z a t i o n . There a r e t h r e e c i r c u i t i n t e r r u p t e r s i n t h e a s c e n t s t a g e , w i t h two A p ~ l l os t a n d a r d i n i t i a t o r s , which when e x p l o s i v e l y i n i t i a t e d , remove a l l e l e c t r i c a l power f r o n t h e i n t e r s t a g e u m b i l i c a l and p r o v i d e p ~ s i t i v ed e - e n e r g i z a t i o n b e f o r e t h e e l e c t r i c a l u m b i l i c a l i s c u t . INSTRUMENTATION SYSTEM Most a l l i n p u t s t o t h e i n s t r u m e n t a t i o n system (IS) a r e r o u t e d from s u r r o u n d i n g system s e n s o r s . These s e n s o r s c o n t i n u o u s l y check
the pulse code modulation and timing equipment assembly (PCMTEA), and to the controls and displays. The SCEA converts all unconditioned
system and transducer signals and events to proper voltage levels required by the? PCMTEA, CWEA and controls and displays. The
preconditioned parallel digital and high level analog data that is routed directly to PCMTEA for sampling is conver-ted to one serial digital output signal for transmission to Manned Space Flight Netw~rk (MSFN) or CSM. Controls and displays also receive
preconditioned data from system sensors and monitor system status with flag indicators or lights.
GAEC