SOMALILAND IN-FIGURES

EDITION 7

Table of Contents
Preface
1. 2. Introduction Geography and Climate 2.1 Location 2.2 Area 2.3 Climate 2.4 Rainfall 2.5 Humidity 3. Administrative Sub-divisions 3.1 State 3.2 Regions and Districts 3.3 Capital 3.4 Other Principal Towns 3.5 Ports 4. Population 4.1 Vital Statistics 4.2 Population Density 4.3 Religion 4.4 Languages 4.5 Currency 5. Livestock 6. Agriculture 6.1 Rain-fed Farming and Irrigation 6.2 Marketing of Agricultural Produce 6.3 Cereal Harvest in 2009 7. Fisheries 7.1 Artisan Fishing 7.2 Industrial Fishing 7.3 Fish Canneries 7.4 Marketing 8. Economy 8.1 Banking 8.2 Imports and Exports 9. Transport and Communication 10. Education 10.1 Primary Education 10.2 Secondary Education 10.3 Higher Education 11. Health 11.1 Public Health

Page
2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 7 7 7 7 8 10 10 15 33 39 40 44 46 62 62

11.2 Private Health 12. Miscellaneous 12.1. Criminal Statistics in Somaliland 2006-2009 12.2 Water

65 68 68

71

LIST OF TABLES
Table 1 Estimated total population of Livestock: 2005------2009 Table 2 Estimated area, production and yield of major crops Table 3 Price of Fish in 2007-2009 Table 4 Industrial (off-shore) Production on seasonal based. Table 5 Fishing fleet spatial distributions on site base: 2007 Table 6 Central government revenue and expenditure at current price: 20052009 Table 7 Trends in expenditure: 2008-09 Table 8 Trends in revenue: 2008-09 Table 9 local government revenue and expenditure Hargeisa: 20052009 Table 10 Local government revenue and expenditure Gabilay: 2005----2009 Table 11 Local government revenue and expenditure Borama: 2005----2009 Table 12 Local government revenue and expenditure Burco: 2005----2009 Table 13 Local government revenue and expenditure Berbera: 20052009 Table 14 Total Local governments revenue and expenditure 2005--2009 Table 15 Total Import of Food Items through Berbera port: 2005 Table 16 Total of Non-Food Items through Berbera port: 2005 Table 17 Total of Food Items through Berbera port: 2006 Table 18 Total of Non-Food Items through Berbera port: 2006 Table 19 Total of Food Items through Berbera port: 2007 Table 20 Total of Non-Food Items through Berbera port: 2007 Table 21 Total of Food Items through Berbera port: 2008 Table 22 Total of Non-Food Items through Berbera port: 2008 Table 23 Total of Food Items Through Berbera port: 2009 Table 24 Import of Non-Food commodities through Berbera port: 2009 Table 25 Some of the Indicators Imported on Yearly Comparison Table 26 Import of Containers through berbera Port: 2005---2009 Table 27 Export of goats and sheep through Berbera Port: 2005-2009 Table 28 Export of cattle through Berbera Port: 20052009 Table 29 Export of camel through Berbera Port: 2005---2009 Table 30 Export of livestock through Berbera port: 20052009 Table 31 Export of hide and skin through Berbera Port: 2005---2009 Table 32 Export of beeyo through Berbera Port: 2005---2009 Table 33 Berbera Port Traffic: 2005-2009 Table 34 Import of fuel: 2005--2009 Table 35 Traffic Movement Statistics: 2006 Table 36 Aircraft Traffic Volume: 2006 Table 37 Traffic Movement Statistics: 2007 Table 38 Aircraft Traffic Volume 2007 Table 39 Traffic Movement for major Airports: 2008 Table: 40 Aircraft Traffic Volume 2008 Table: 41 Traffic Movement for major Airports: 2009 Table 42 Aircraft Traffic Volume 2009 4 6 8 9 9 11 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 33 34 35 35 36 36 38 38 39

II

Table 43 Growth of public & private Education: 97/98----------08/09 Table 44 Growth of primary Education (Public & Private): 98/99---08/09 Table 45 Distribution of Primary education by regions: 08/09 Table 46 Primary Education Distribution of Students by Gender & region: 08/09 Table 47 Primary & Secondary Examination results: 05/0608/09 Table 48 Growth of Secondary (Public & private) education: 08/09 Table 49 Public & Private Secondary schools distribution by region: 08/09 Table 50 Number of Students enrolled at Amoud University: 2007 Table 51 Number of Students enrolled at Amoud University: 2005---2009 Table 52 Number of Students graduated from Amoud University: 2005---2009 Table 53 Number of Students enrolled at Hargeisa University: 2007 Table 54 Number of students enrolled at Hargeisa University: 20052009. Table 55 Number of Students graduated from Hargeisa University: 2005---2009 Table 56 Number of students enrolled at Burco University: 2007 Table 57 Number of Students enrolment of Burao University 2008--2009 Table 58 Number of Students enrolment of Admas University 2007 Table 59 Number of Students enrolment of Admas University 20082009 Table 60: Number of Graduated students From Admas University: 2009 Table 61 Number of students enrolled at Eelo American University: 2007 Table 62: Number of students enrolled at Eelo American University: 20082009 Table 63 Number of Students enrolment at Gollis University: 2007 Table 64 Number of Students enrolment at Gollis University: 20082009 Table 65: Number of Graduated students From Golis University: 20082009 Table 66: Number of Students enrolment at International Horn University 20082009 Table 66: Available health services facilities 20082009 Table 67: Regional Immunization Routing Data in 2008---2009 Table 68: Number of TB Patients in selected towns: 20052009 Table 69: Availability of Private Health Services: 2007 Table 70: Availability of Private Health Services: 2008 Table 71: Availability of Private Health Services: 2009 Table 72: Criminal Statistics in Somaliland: 2006-2007 Table 73: Criminal Statistics in Somaliland: 2008-2009 Table 74: Vehicle Incidence 2008-2009 Table 75: Number of water facilities by region: 2007 Table 76: Boreholes and their Functional status 2009 Table 77: Exchange rate of $1 into Somaliland shillings SH. 2007-2009

40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74

III

LITS OF CHARTS
Chart1 Estimated Population of livestock: 2003--2007 Chart 2A Estimated area, production and yield of major crops during 2003----2007 Chart 2B Estimated area, production (Maize & Sorghum) 20052009 Chart 3 Price of Fish in Hargeisa: 2007--2009 Chart 4 The Industrial (off-shore) Production on season base Chart 5 Fishing fleet spatial distribution on site base: 2007 Chart6 Central government revenue and expenditure at current price: 2005 2009 Chart 7 Local government revenue and expenditure Hargeisa: 2005 2009 Chart8 Local Govert Revenue and Expenditure Gabiley: 20052009 Chart 9 Local Govert Revenue and Expenditure Borama: 20052009 Chart10 Local government revenue and Expenditure Burco: 2005 2009 Chart 11 Local government revenue and Expenditure Berbera: 20035 2009 Chart 12 Total Local Government Expenditure and Revenue Chart 13 Total Import of Food Items through Berbera port: 2005 Chart 14 Total of Non-Food Items through Berbera port: 2005 Chart 15 Total of Food Items through Berbera port: 2006 Chart 16 Total of Non-Food Items through Berbera port: 2006 Chart 17 Total of Food Items through Berbera port: 2007 Chart 18 Total of Non-Food Items through Berbera port: 2007 Chart 19 Total of Food Items through Berbera port: 2008 Chart 20 Total of Non-Food Items through Berbera port: 2008 Chart 21 Total of Food Items through Berbera port: 2009 Chart 22 Total of Non-Food Items through Berbera port: 2009 Chart 23 Some of the Indicators Imported on Yearly Comparison Chart 24 Import Containers through Berbera Port 2005---2009 Chart 25A&B Total Export of goats and sheep through Berbera Port 2005--2009 Chart 26A&B Total Export of Cattle through Berbera Port: 2005--2009 Chart 27 Total Export of Camel through Berbera Port 2005---2009 Chart 28 Total Export of livestock through Berbera Port: 2005----2009 Chart 29 Total Export of hide and skin pieces through Berbera Port: 20052009 Chart 30 Total Export of Beeyo through berbera Port: 2005--2009 Chart 31 Total Berbera Port Traffic: 2005--2009 Chart 32 Import of Fuel: 20052009 Chart 33 Passenger Movement for major Airports (2006 Cargo Movement (In/Out) Chart 34 Passenger Movement for major Airports (2007) Cargo Movement (In/Out) Chart 35A&B : Commercial Passengers 2008 Chart 36A&B: Commercial Passengers 2009 Chart 37 Growth of public and Private Education 1997/98----2008/2009 Chart 38 Growth of Primary Education (Public and Private) 1998/99---2008/2009 Chart 39 Distribution of primary education by region: 2008/2009 Chart 40Primary EducationDistribution of students by Gender and Region 005/009 5 6 6 8 9 10 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 33 34 35 37 39 40 41 42 43

Chart 41 Primary and Secondary examination results (national): 05/06 and 06/07 Chart 42 Growth of Secondary Education (Public and private): 1996/97---2008/2009 Chart 43(A) Total of Public and Private Secondary Schools Distribution by region: 08/09

44 45 46

IV
Chart 43(B) Public and Private Secondary Schools Distribution by region: 08-07/09 Chart 44 total of (M) and (F)Number of students enrolled at Amoud University :2007 Chart 45 Number of students enrolled at Amoud University: 2005--2009 Chart 46 Number of Students graduated from Amoud University: 20052009 Chart 47 Number of Students enrolment at UoH( 2007)Grand total of( M) and Female Chart 48 Number of students enrolled at Amoud University: 2005--2009 Chart 49 Number of Graduated students From UoH 20042007 Chart 50 Number of Students enrolment of Burco University 2007 Chart 51: Number of Students enrolment of Burao University 20082009 Chart 52 Number of students enrolled in Admas University. Chart 53: Number of Students enrolment of Admas University 20082009 Chart 54: Total Number of Graduated students By Gender From Admas University: 2009 Chart 55: Number of students enrolled at Eelo American University: 2007 Chart 56: Number of students enrolled at Eelo American University: 20082009 Chart 57: Number of students enrolment at Gollis University 2007 Chart 58A & B: Number of Students enrolment at Gollis University: 20082009 Chart 59: Number of Graduated students From Golis University: 20082009 Chart 60 A&B: Number of Students enrolment at International Hon University 2008/09 Chart 61 A&B: Available health Staffs: By Region 2008-2009 Chart 62 A&B: Regional Immunization Routing Data in 2008---2009 Chart 63 Number of TB Patients in selected towns: 2005--2009. Chart 64: Availability of Private Health Services: 2007 Chart 65: Availability of Private Health Services: 2008 Chart 66: Availability of Private Health Services: 2009 Chart 67: Criminal Statistics in Somaliland 2006---2007 Chart 68: Criminal Statistics In Somaliland 20082009 Chart 69 : Vehicle Incidence in Somaliland 20082009 Chart 70: Number of water facilities by region: 2007 Chart 71: Functioning and Not Functioning Boreholes in Somaliland 2009 Chart 72: Exchange rate of $1 into Somaliland shillings SH. 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74

PREFACE
The Ministry of National Planning and Development (MNP& D) has the honour of presenting the 2010 edition of Somaliland In-Figures. This booklet is the 7th publication in the series. It contains official statistical data on various components of the economic and social activities in the Republic. Its purpose is to provide information on different sectors to assist in the planning and development of the nation. Data contained in this booklet is based mainly on the administrative records of the ministries and agencies of the state. The MNP&C is grateful for the assistance it received. Somaliland In-Figures will be regularly updated. Therefore, we welcome the continued support of existing sources and feedback from users of this data. We express our thanks and gratitude to the United Nations Fund Population Agency (UNFPA) Somalia/Somaliland, which sponsored the project and assisted in the preparation of this booklet. Comments and suggestions may be sent to the Department of Statistics and Research at the MNP&C in Hargeisa.

XOG LA HEL YAABA TALO LA HEL.

1.

INTRODUCTION

The former British Somaliland Protectorate achieved full independence from the United Kingdom on 26 June, 1960. On 1 July, 1960, the state of Somaliland united with Somalia, a territory under a U.N.mandated Italian Trusteeship until that same day, thereby creating the Somali Republic. The Republic of Somaliland restored its independence after the total collapse of Somalia on 18 May 1991 as a result of the civil war of the late eighties and early nineties. The decision was made by the Congress of Council of Clan Elders held in Burao from 27 April to 15 May, 1991. Constitutionally, the Republic of Somaliland is a democratic country with a multi-party system.

2. GEOGRAPHY AND CLIMATE 2.1. LOCATION

The Republic of Somaliland is situated in the Horn of Africa. Its boundaries are defined by the Gulf of Aden in the north, Somalia in the east, the Federal Republic of Ethiopia in the south-west, and the Republic of Djibouti in the north-west. It lies between Latitudes 8o and 11o27 North and Longitudes 42o35 and 49o East; it has mountain ranges rising up to six and seven thousand feet in the centre and in the east of the country respectively.

2.2.

AREA

The total area of the Republic of Somaliland is 137, 600sqkms, and it has a coastline which is 850kms long.

2.3. CLIMATE
Somaliland is located north of the Equator. It is semi-arid. The average daily temperatures range from 25oC to 35oC. The sun passes vertically overhead twice a year, on 22 March and 23 September. Somaliland consists of three main topographic zones: The Coastal Plain (Guban) The Coastal Range (Ogo) The Plateau (Hawd)

The Coastal Plain (Guban) is a zone with high temperatures and low rainfall. Summer temperatures in the region easily average over 100F. However, temperatures come down during the winter, and both human and livestock populations increase dramatically in the region.

The Coastal Range (Ogo) is a high plateau to the immediate south of Guban. Its elevation ranges from 6000ft at sea level in the north to 7000ft in the south. Rainfall is heavier there than in Guban, although it varies considerably within the zone. The Plateau (Hawd) region lies to the south of Ogo. It is generally more heavily populated during the wet season, when surface water is available. It is also an important area for grazing. 2

2.4.

RAINFALL

Somalilanders recognise four seasons in the year; Gu and Hagaa comprise spring and summer in that order, and Dayr and Jiilaal correspond to autumn and winter respectively. The average annual rainfall is 14.5 inches in most parts of country, and most of it comes during Gu and Dayr. Gu, which is the first, or major, rainy season (late March, April, May, and early June), experiences the heaviest rainfall in Ogo and Hawd. This constitutes the period of fresh grazing and abundant surface water. It is also the breeding season for livestock. Hagaa (from late June through August) is usually dry although there are often some scattered showers in Ogo; these are known as Karan rains. Hagaa tends to be hot and windy in most parts of the country. Deyr (September, October, and early November), which roughly corresponds to autumn, is the second, or minor, wet season; as the word minor suggests, the amount of precipitation is generally less than that of Gu. Jilaal, or winter, falls in the coolest and driest months of the year (from late November to early March). It is a season of thirst. Ogo and Hawd receive virtually no rainfall in winter. The rainfall in the Guban zone, known as Hays, comes between January and March or from December to January.

2.5.

HUMIDITY

The humidity of the country varies from 63% in the dry season to 82% in the wet season.

3.

ADMINISTRATIVE SUB-DIVISIONS

3.1. STATE
The administrative structure of the state consists of three branches: the judiciary, legislative (the House of Elders and the House of Representatives), and the executive (the President and his chosen Council of Ministers). The ministers may not be appointed from Members of Parliament.

3.2. REGIONS AND DISTRICTS

The country is divided into thirteen regions, namely, Awdal, Maroodi-jeeh, Saahil, Togdheer, Sanaag, Sool, Gabiilay, Salal, Oodweine, Saraar, Buhoodle, Hawd, and Badhan. These are sub-divided into 81 districts.

3.3.

CAPITAL

The capital of the Republic of Somaliland is Hargeisa. The estimated population of the city is nearly 680,000.

3.4.

OTHER PRINCIPAL TOWNS

Other towns are Borama, Berbera, Burao, Erigavo, and Las Anod. 3

3.5. PORTS
The principal port town of Somaliland is Berbera.

1. POPULATION
The population of Somaliland was estimated at 3.85 million in 2009. The population consists of nomads (55%) and urban and rural dwellers (45%).

a.

VITA L STATISTICS

The annual population growth rate is 3.14%. This figure is calculated from the average crude birth rate of 4.46% and crude death rate of 1.32%. Life expectancy at birth is between 49 to 60 years.

b.

POPULATION DENSITY

The population density in the Republic of Somaliland has been estimated at 28 persons per square km in 2009

c.

RELIGION

Somaliland is an Islamic State, and Somalilanders are Muslims. The influence of Islam throughout Somaliland is profound, and faith plays a major role in everyday life.

d.

LANGUAGES

The official language of the country is Somali. Arabic and English are also used widely, though mostly in written form.

e.

CURRENCY

The official currency of the Republic of Somaliland is the Somaliland Shilling. The shilling is divided into 100 cents. Currency notes come in denominations of 500, 100, 50, 20, 10, and 5 shillings.

5.

LIVESTOCK

The contribution of livestock to the national economy is estimated at 60-65%. About 60% of Somalilands people rely mainly on the products and by-products of their livestock for daily sustenance.

4 Table 1: Estimated Population of Livestock, 2005-2009 Year 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
(Thousand)

Goat 7,341 7,517 7,698 7,883 8,072

Sheep 7,906 8,041 8,178 8,317 8,458

Camel 1578 1,596 1,614 1,630 1,646

Cattle 373 378 384 389 394

Total 17,198 17532 17,873 18,219 18,570

Sources::Ministry of National Planning & Coordination (Department of Statistics & Research)* Note: The estimates are based on 1975 Somalia census of livestock population and the annual growth rate, goat: 2.4%, sheep: 1.7% camel: 1.1% and cattle: 1.2%.

Chart 1: Estimated Population of Livestock, 2005-2009

6.

AGRICULTURE

Somaliland has a total area of about 137,600sqkms. Land under cultivation is currently estimated at 3% of the total geographical area. Another 7% has potential for agricultural development. The rainfall, soil (fertility and depth), and topography are the main determinants of these estimates. 6.1. RAIN-FED FARMING AND IRRIGATION

Rain-fed farming is the main agricultural production system. The main crops grown are cereals. Sorghum is the principal crop, utilizing approximately 70% of the rain-fed agricultural land. Another 25% of the land is used for maize. Other crops such as cowpeas, millet, groundnuts, beans, and barley are also grown in scattered marginal lands.

Irrigation farms are mainly situated along the banks of streams (togs) and other water sources close to the riverbanks. Channelling from the source to the farm is mainly done by diversion of perennial water (springs) to the farm through rudimentary earth canals or floods. The cultivable area of these farms is subject to floods and is, therefore, in danger of being washed away. Most of the irrigated farms have in them areas set aside for the cultivation of vegetables and fruits for commercial purposes. 5 6.3. MARKETING OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE

Farmers sell their products at the local market. Where possible, farm produce is transported to the markets in the urban centres by way of light transport trucks or donkey carts. Small retailers who are supplied directly by the producers or wholesalers sell the produce. There are also middlemen who operate between wholesalers and retailers. 6.4. CEREAL HARVEST IN 2009

Harvest in Somaliland normally occurs three times a year. The 2009 GU/Karan result was only two harvests (sorghum in Gu and maize in Karan). The total cereal harvest area of Somaliland has been estimated at ha 22945 with a total cereal production of 47,904 of tons (81% sorghum and 19% maize) according to the Ministry of Agriculture.

Table 2: Estimated Area, Production and Yield of Major Crops during 2005-2009 Selected Indicators 1. Maize Area(Ha) Production(tons) Yield(Tons/Ha) 2. Sorghum Area(Ha) Production(Tons) Yield (Tonnes/Ha) TOTAL Area(Ha) Production(tons) Yield (Tons/Ha) 2005 10,250 4,603 0.4 32,430 21,112 0.7 42,680 25,715 0.6 2006 7,709 1,760 0.2 2007 6,384 4,022 0.6 31,179 22,722 0.7 37,563 26,744 0.7 2008 2,680 1,252 0.5 24,750 16,275 0.7 27,430 17,527 0.6 2009 1,075 330 0.3 21,870 10,526 0.5 22,945 1,856 0.1 Average 2005-2006 3,182

18,155 0.0 7,709 19,915 2.6

19,634

22,815

Source: Ministry of Agriculture. [question: what is the relationship/difference between ton and tonne?]

Chart 2A: Estimated Area, Production and Yield of Major Crops during 2005-2009

6 Chart 2B: Estimated Area, Production (Maize & Sorghum) during 2005-2009

7.

FISHERIES

The warm water of the Gulf of Aden borders the country of Somaliland along a coastline spanning 850kms on its southern fringes. This coastline extends from Lowya-Addo in the west to Elayo in the east and is characterized by sandy beaches broken at intervals by rocky cliffs that often penetrate into the shallow waters. The continental shelf is relatively narrow, rarely exceeding 15kms, except in the west near the Djibouti border, where it averages 100kms. Artisan fishermen harvest various tropical fish. They include tuna, snappers, groupers, grunts, trevally, emperors, barracudas, goatfish, parrotfish Spanish mackerels, sea breams, horse mackerels, and mulleys. Other marine organisms caught occasionally by local fishermen include sea cucumbers, shrimp, lobsters, and edible crabs. Production of fish in

Somaliland is still very low (its less than 10% of the pre-war level and constitutes less than 2% of the Gross National Product [GNP]). According to various reports published by international organisations, fisheries in Somaliland remain untapped. FAO estimates this abundance of fish in the national waters at 200,000 tons and maintains that a maximum sustainable yield of 40,000 tons could be harvested without endangering the stocks. At the present time, estimated fish production is quite low compared to the potential. The shark fishing industry is the mainstay of the artisan fishing community in Somaliland, and more than 90% of the fishing fleet hunts for sharks for their valuable fins. In addition to these, a sizeable yield of sea cucumbers reaching several tons per year is harvested in the waters of Zeila and nearby islands. Furthermore, edible crabs and shrimp are caught in the Zeila and Togoshi areas. Local fishermen market around 30-50Kgs of live, edible crabs daily to Djibouti on foot.

7. 1.

ARTISANAL FISHING

Artisanal fishermen conduct most fishing activity in Somaliland. Above 170 operational boats are scattered along the lengthy coast, and there are around 15 fishing communities composed of active fishermen and their dependents. Berbera serves as a focal point for the fishing industry in Somaliland. Fish caught at Berbera range from 100kgs to 500kgs per day and are transported immediately to Hargeisa or to Burao for local consumption. The current fishing fleet consists of 425 motor boats and 109 canoes; four hundred twenty eight of these vessels are operational.

7.2.

INDUSTRIAL FISHING

Presently, no industrial fishing is undertaken by foreign vessels. Somaliland does not have deep sea fishing vessels.

7.3.

FISH CANNERY

The country has one fish cannery at Las Qorey in Sanaag region; it was built in 2002 by a group of local businessmen who installed a new canning machine. Production started in 2002 at a capacity of 1-2.5 tonnes per a day.

7.4.

MARKETING

Catches of fresh fish such as groupers, snappers, emperors, tuna, mackerels, and travally are sold locally in internal markets--such as Berbera, Hargeisa, Burao, Borama, and Erigavo--at a price of US $2.10 per Kilogramme. Local fishermen do not have access to an open external market for exportation of their goods. Trucks transporting goods from the coast to the towns are in short supply, and the roads are narrow and inaccessible in most of the eastern and north-western parts of the coast. The most important item exported by fishermen is dried, salted shark fins. This marine product is exported to South-East Asian countries and usually serves as a good source of income for fishermen (around US $ 1-1.5 million a year).

Table 3: Price of Fish in Hargeisa during 2007-2009 2007 12,531 12,563 12,234 11,875 12,000 12,000 12,563 13,000 12,163 12,656 11,913 12,438 2008 12,528 13,828 12,438 12,875 13,234 14,234 18,094 17,469 15,547 16,016 17,503 17,503

Price/kg (SL.Sh)

January February March April May June July August September October November December

2009 21,188 21,594 21,188 14,906 14,000 13,688 23,063 13,500 13,625 14,250 14,000 13,969

Source: Ministry of Planning & Coordination (Department of Statistics).

8
Chart 3: Price of Fish in Hargeisa during 2007-2009
(SL.Sh)

Table 4: The Industrial (Off-Shore) Production on Seasonal Basis

SEASON 8/10/03--18/6/04 15/9/04--11/5/05 28/9/05--12/4/05 16/9/06--10/4/07 2008 2009

Source: Ministry of Fishing and Marine Resource

PRODUCTION IN MT 1,233 2,133 1,378 1,283 N\A 242,980

Chart 4: The Industrial (Off-Shore) Production on Seasonal Basis

9 Table 5: Fishing Fleet Spatial Distribution on Site Basis during 2007

SITE Number of Motor Boats Number of Canoe Total Number of Operating Number of non Operating

Zeila Lughaia Bulahar Berbera/Karin Heis/Mait Las-Qoray/Elayo

45 15 -055 10 300

17 5 4 20 10 50

62 20 4 75 20 350

51 13 4 65 10 285

11 7 -014 10 64

Source: Ministry of Fishing and Marine Resource.

Chart 5: Fishing Fleet Spatial Distribution on Site Basis during 2007

8. Economy
The backbone and the source of wealth of Somalilands economy is livestock. About 65% of the population depend either directly or indirectly on livestock and livestock products for their livelihood. Crop husbandry provides subsistence for about 20% of the countrys population. Foreign aid and remittances from the Somaliland diaspora also play a major role in the economy of the country.

8.1 BANKING
One of the provisions of the National Constitution of the Republic Of Somaliland is the establishment of a bank to carry out Central Bank functions. The Bank of Somaliland was inaugurated in 1994 with appropriate bank laws to ensure that banking regulations are fully in place. The Bank of Somaliland also operates as a commercial bank and has eight branches throughout the country.

10 Table 6: Central Government Revenue and Expenditure at Current Price during 2005-2009 Year 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Source: Ministry of Finance.

Revenue 148,252,211,709 164,669,033,000 202,759,848,704 233,103,883,883 261,993,714,246

Expenditure 148,252,211,709 164,669,033,000 202,759,848,704 247,711,179,723 258,496,237,034

Surplus/(Deficit) ---0-----0----0---14,607,295,840 3,497,477,212

Chart 6: Central Government Revenue and Expenditure at Current Price during 2005-2009

Table 7: Trends in Expenditure during 2008-2009

Head/Expenditure A. Open Balance B. Budget Expenditure C. Out of Budget expenditure 2008 -11,018,452,401 247,711,179,723 53,305,609,550 2009 -14,607,295,840 258,496,237,034 56,322,385,565

Total Expenditure ( B+C) Total ( A+D)

Sources: Ministry of Finance

303,016,789,273 314,035,241,674

314,818,622,599 329,425,918,439

Table 8: Trends in Revenue during 2008-2009 Indicators

Taxes on trade and transaction Taxes on Domestic Production Tax Revenue Income from Govt Services & Goods Total
Sources: Ministry of Finance.

2008 204,135,025,732 295,568,000 11,663,509,454 6,949,139,986 10,060,640,711 233,103,883,883

2009 222,256,562,237 291,592,000 21,445,971,532 5,820,052,385 12,179,536,092 261,993,714,246

11

Table 9: Local Government Revenue and Expenditure Hargeisa, 20052009

Year 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Revenue 11,754,390,237 12,728,915,953 13,613,400,103 13,318,366,415 14,465,406,988 Expenditure 11,748,540,002 12,714,374,034 13,973,211,237 13,172,419,023 14,250,149,174 Surplus/ Deficit 5,850,235 14,540,919 -359,811,134 145,947,392 215,257,814

(Sl.sh.)

Source: Local Government of Hargeisa

Chart 7: Local Government Revenue and Expenditure Hargeisa during 20052009

(Sl.sh.)

Table 10: Local Government Revenue and Expenditure Gabiley during 2005-2009 Year 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Revenue 3,157,180,000 3,568,832,000 3,769,572,000 3,760,000 3,639,482,596 Expenditure 3,089,250,000 3,439,336,000 3,550,972,000 3,760,000 3,354,821,671 Surplus/Deficit 67,930,000 129,496,000 218,600,000 0 284,660,925

(Sl.sh.)

Source: Local government of Gabiley

Chart 8: Local Government Revenue and Expenditure Gabiley during 2005-2009

(Sl.sh.)

12

Table 11: Local Government Revenue and Expenditure Borama, 20052009

Year 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Revenue 1,572,586,716 1,848,244,458 2,188,459,257 1,988,179,102 2,069,689,622 Expenditure 1,577,191,239 1,836,631,527 2,188,711,916 1,994,349,187 2,028,301,632

(Sl.Sh)

Surplus/ Deficit -4,604,523 11,612,931 -242,659 -6,170,085 47,454,017

Source: Local Government of Borama

Chart 9: Change in Revenue and Expenditure (2005-2009); Borama Local Govert

Table 12: Local Government Revenue and Expenditure, Burao, 20052009

Year 2005 2006 2007 Revenue 2,971,345,621 3,916,113,038 4,173,799,376 Expenditure 2,907,178,017 3,914,480,639 4,137,638,891

(Sl.Sh)

Surplus/Deficit 64,167,604 1,632,400 36,160,485

2008 2009

4,005,144,590 5,187,312,906

3,969,140,233 4,786,641,216

36,004,357 400,671,690

Source: Local Government Burao

Chart 10: Local Government Revenue and Expenditure, Burao, during 20052009

13

Table 13. Local Govert Revenue and Expenditure, Berbera, 20052009

Year 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Revenue 1,057,032,611 1,118,267,310 2,299,205,867 13,895,279,092 15,098,873,146 Expenditure 867,264,883 985,471,075 1,662,767,082 14,464,736,611 15,047,103,553

(Sl.Sh)

Surplus/Deficit 189,767,728 202,796,235 636,438,785 -569,457,519 518,687,407

(Sl.Sh)

Source: Local Government of Berbera

Chart 11: Local Government revenue and Expenditure, Berbera, 20052009

Table 14: Total Local government Revenue and Expenditure, 2005-2009

Year 2005 2006 Revenue 17,541,189,564 19,264,259,721 Expenditure 20,189,424,141 22,890,294,275

(Sl.Sh)

Surplus/Deficit -2,648,234,577 -3,626,034,554

2007 2008 2009

18,101,065,227 33,210,729,199 40,460,765,258

23,850,534,044 33,604,405,054 39,467,017,246

-5,749,468,817 -381,335,685 993,748,012

Source: Major Municipalities of Somaliland

Chart 12: Total Local Government Expenditure and Revenue during 2005-2009

14 Table 15: Total Import of Food Items through Berbera Port during 2005
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May June Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total Sugar 18,984 8,443 14,007 11,987 45 82 4,514 15,917 48,140 323 0 6,999 129,441 Rice 16,840 4 0 2 4,956 8,523 10,013 800 5,715 982 2,115 604 50,555 Wheat flour 1,036 3858 1,317 4814 6,661 2,470 580 4,450 2830 8,793 7,619 3,594 48,022 Wheat 0 0 0 0 714 0 0 7 126 0 58 0 905 Cooking oil & Oil beans 3,067 2,014 3,542 3,280 2,823 890 1,009 1,085 2,559 1,530 2,704 3,548 28,031 Pasta 2,719 1,691 1,205 561 1,260 403 1,251 1,203 420 428 1,183 1,690 14,1014

(Tonnes)
Dates 78 63 112 128 111 52 103 47 1,201 199 108 102 2,305 Biscuits 225 320 215 132 156 332 185 325 187 181 324 260 2,842

Source: Berbera Port Authority.

Chart 13: Total Import of Food Items through Berbera Port during 2005

15

Table 16: Total of Non-Food Items through Berbera Port during 2005 Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total Clothes 888 1,248 864 900 707 366 844 661 706 862 1,964 1,721 11,731 Car spares 279 655 699 683 396 367 553 482 635 523 607 568 6,449 Cigarettes 227 167 289 257 142 166 181 417 217 225 340 479 3,107 Soap 945 647 1,235 432 448 841 326 950 781 486 1,356 1,045 9492 Bdg/Mats 8,873 16,536 4,032 5,700 12,916 12,227 5,208 17,448 19,441 6,827 29,532 11,896 152,636 Fuel 4,529 5,411 2,120 8,695 63 88 197 7,813 4,668 1,234 8,463 238 48,519

(Tonnes)

Others 3,462 3,277 3,910 3,838 3,169 2,614 3,987 3,004 3,376 2,233 5,245 4,471 42,586

Source: Berbera Port Authority.

Chart 14: Total of Non-Food Items through Berbera Port during 2005

16 Table 17: Total Import of Food Items through Berbera Port during 2006
Month Jan Feb Mar Sugar 29,609 5,946 121 27,062 5,048 8,501 22,119 5,700 13 21,918 0 0 126,037 Rice 13,843 8,880 4,968 1,160 2,059 7,798 10,215 8,396 77 8,500 19,920 1,280 87,996 Wheat flour 3,804 6,031 4,435 5,696 1,000 1,907 2,998 6,237 1,578 7,994 1,369 6,628 49,677 Wheat 0 0 0 0 295 1,070 0 0 160 0 117 0 1,642 Cooking oil &Oil beans 1,326 450 3,580 1,134 2,597 3,331 1,005 3,060 2,200 1,746 473 1,669 22,571 Pasta 874 301 2,946 1,321 2,669 2,147 1,427 1,198 1,908 2,512 418 1,823 19,544
(Tonnes)

Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Total

Dates 112 261 313 107 363 56 96 234 694 801 0 8 3,045

Biscuits 102 347 494 197 322 128 491 0 439 241 300 605 3,666

Source: Berbera Port Authority.

Chart 15: Total Import of Food Items through Berbera Port during 2006

17

Table 18: Total of Non-Food Items through Berbera Port during 2006 Month
Jan Feb Mar

(Tonnes)

Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Total

Cloth 1,002 1,273 1,232 1,193 1,563 1,322 923 1,413 1,813 1,828 1,639 1,484 16,685

Car spares 357 1,563 966 733 288 800 635 562 1,297 881 347 881 8,310

Cigarettes 243 166 338 105 249 155 541 408 295 309 288 378 3,475

Soap 1,268 827 2820 799 409 1,044 963 273 330 513 1,017 2,215 12,478

Bdg/Mats 13,983 17,146 6,145 11,656 10,280 8,346 7,768 10,168 13,263 1,770 6,727 26,800 138,152

Fuel 4,517 1,938 338 4,074 4,554 1,404 163 41 8,048 9,003 1,987 7,665 43,732

Others 2,665 3,788 5,516 3,086 4,294 4,294 6,833 5,230 7,204 6,535 4,826 5,261 59,532

Source: Berbera Port Authority.

Chart 16: Total of Non-Food Items through Berbera Port during 2006

18 Table 1: Total of Food Items through Berbera Port during 2007

Month Jan Feb March April May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Total Sugar 15,673 22,973 40,450 16,091 -0646 12,206 11,591 18,657 0 6,477 29,312 174,076 Rice 5 12,287 7,594 6,129 741 0 9,106 880 19,041 1,108 25,323 5,548 89,762 Wheat flour 802 897 5,485 8,666 8,160 3,005 892 1,971 6,011 1,392 4,938 4,598 46,817 Wheat 0 0 0 0 1,343 0 1,476 592 0 0 0 0 3,411 Oil beans & C/ oil 1,603 1,894 3,787 1,530 4,089 909 5,264 3,036 3,996 2,037 461 4,782 33,388 Pasta 1,062 1,648 2,062 2,880 1,830 1,777 2,156 1,398 807 628 1,069 1,716 19,033 Dates 90 178 201 233 330 105 190 881 960 387 114 197 3,866
(Tonnes)

Biscuits 123 385 450 230 486 89 115 281 296 154 241 698 3,548

Source: Berbera Port Authority.

Chart 17: Total of Food Items through Berbera Port during 2007

19

Table 20: Import of Non-Food Commodities through Berbera Port during 2007 (Tonnes) Month
Jan Feb Mar

Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Total

Clothes 1,332 1,675 989 1,009 1,211 1,011 1,031 2,071 578 1,600 2,266 1,449 16,222

Car spares 443 780 930 1,102 884 422 942 873 897 401 995 737 9,406

Cigarettes 418 435 953 623 686 395 952 555 368 511 754 679 7,329

Soap 1,274 2,700 1,067 377 627 301 824 733 63 1,143 418 804 10,331

Bdg/Mats 13,983 17,146 10,145 11,656 10,280 9,346 7,768 10,168 13,263 1,770 6,727 32,900 38,152

Fuel 91 72 2,998 4,366 87 90 245 138 10,452 1,631 165 108 20,443

Others 7,100 7,066 8,671 5,161 6,697 3,832 6,810 9,424 4,278 4,938 7,857 7,533 79,367

Source: Berbera Port Authority.

Chart 18: Total of Non-Food Items through Berbera Port during 2007

20

Table 21: Import of Food Items during 2008

Month/Year Jan Feb March April May June July August Sept Oct Nov Dec Total Sugar 14,112 8,888 20,830 13,067 25,216 5,943 13,425 13,249 9,507 43,762 1,561 24,963 194,523 Rice 109 601 24,434 285 5,003 251 2,509 4,631 7,286 3,155 4,008 9,016 61,288 W/Flour 1,236 5,941 1,556 0 1,099 759 7,462 10,112 3,578 5,130 6,699 8,024 51,596 Wheat 0 0 150 0 0 0 959 16 0 884 0 9,500 11,509 O/Beans 1,416 2,346 354 0 0 60 0 1,896 960 0 0 998 7,032 C/Oil 3,674 1,569 4,450 3,338 3,269 1,523 1052 1,128 3,492 3,032 2,237 2,742 31,506 Pasta 1,205 395 2882 1,294 639 1,340 871 104 1,248 2,658 4,288 1,979 18,903

(Tonnes)
Dates 341 183 260 341 435 212 40 240 999 75 154 194 3,474 Biscuit 623 313 1,565 543 451 385 263 242 210 230 125 625 5,575

Sources: Berbera Port Authority

Chart 19: Import of Food Items during 2008

21

Table 22: Import of Non Food Items during 2008

Month/year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total Petrol 0 0 2,199 0 0 0 0 0 1,969 0 0 0 4,168 Diesel 0 0 4,000 8 33 78 294 86 3,894 85 2,811 963 12,252 E/Oil 36 71 63 88 148 431 33 218 72 118 2 23 1,303 Clothes 1,177 1,494 1,183 950 1,215 1,010 2,015 578 1,653 1,004 2,806 1,891 16,976 C/Truck 391 675 530 624 463 618 76 603 283 771 1,011 441 6,486 S/part 345 259 533 367 303 273 236 250 232 227 239 214 3,478 Cigart 708 478 842 365 925 396 542 192 646 770 646 853 7,363

(Tonnes) Soap 1,222 950 1,177 1,768 1,083 623 631 675 919 1,187 701 1,785 12,721 B/Material 12,535 2,826 11,653 8,951 4,405 11,279 4,711 12,175 1,367 32,501 17,145 21,652 140,200 Other 6392 6490 6905 8054 5444 6212 6448 3839 8128 9163 10879 10791 88745

Sources: Berbera Port Authority

Chart 20: Import of Non Food Items during 2008

22 Table 23: Import of Food Items during 2009

Month Jan Feb Mar Apr Ma June Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total Sugar 3075 12769 17493 21994 16027 3557 7999 13945 6012 13359 39735 0 155965 Rice 8188 1878 3182 2646 12992 4552 4764 760 4120 3305 7158 6100 59645 W/Flour 1195 4622 7285 1595 6567 4439 4383 5899 5131 4498 3957 904 53475 Wheat 0 14025 0 0 24165 1800 29369 0 997 0 0 45356 115712 O/Beans 0 1404 941 0 0 913 3574 699 0 0 4800 607 12938 C/Oil 2266 3184 1336 2670 1272 2002 439 446 526 364 1248 1457 17210 Pasta 1300 2104 1176 1151 962 1611 1197 1025 3660 660 1731 2199 18776 (Tonnes) Dates 241 228 166 279 95 43 662 634 242 89 271 119 3015 Biscuit 700 362 384 506 262 218 245 192 105 284 602 372 4232

Sources: Berbera Port Authority

Chart 21: Import of Food Items during 2009

23

Table 24: Import of Non-Food Items during 2009

Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total Petrol 0 0 0 2661 0 658 0 990 1064 0 1465 798 7636 Diesel 953 7176 905 2369 8193 2511 2812 2138 4495 6644 9140 1806 49142 E/Oil 35 36 35 380 215 117 206 75 270 158 138 299 1964 Clothes 1810 1265 798 1550 1167 1103 1271 703 1831 1464 1983 1345 16290 C/Truck 1173 773 478 886 768 617 978 217 1731 933 627 1127 10308 S/part 209 274 136 372 651 343 268 230 421 71 838 279 4192 Cigart 1225 436 283 290 366 496 593 368 235 80 1833 242 6447 Soap 694 923 1068 674 736 864 532 1002 1214 726 1337 1116 10886

(Tonnes) B/Material 7,835 2,052 12114 16988 4075 16394 11536 12132 16270 19870 2623 11507 133396 Other 7,657 6,889 5,839 9,440 10,367 12,972 12,128 6,396 11,110 6,145 15,333 13,930 118,206

Sources: Berbera Port Authority

Chart 22: Import of Non-Food Items during 2009

24
Table 25: Some of the Indicators Imported on Yearly Comparison during 2005-2009 (Tonnes)

Sugar
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Source: Berbera Port Authority.

Rice
129,441 126,037 174,076 194,523 155,965 50,555 87,996 89,762 61,288 59,645

Wheat Flour
48,022 49,677 46,817 51,596 53,475

Bdg/Mats
152,636 138,152 138,152

Fuel
48,519 43,732 20,443 16,420 56,778

140,200 133,396

Chart 23: Some of the Indicators Imported on Yearly Comparison during 2005-2009

(Tonnes)

25
Table 26: Import Containers through Berbera Port during 2005-2009 Year 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Size 20 3,499 3,737 4,437 6,807 5,209 Size 40 1,153 1,476 1,378 1,991 2,050 TEU 5,805 6,689 7,193 10,789 9,309 Weight (Kg) 88,060,113 106,060734 125,079,414 190,928,909 159,056,061

Source: Berbera Port Authority.

Chart 24: Import Containers through Berbera Port during 2005-2009

26
Livestock Export The livestock sector makes a significant contribution to the national economy, and a majority of Somalilanders rely on this sector and related activities. Camels, cattle, and sheep/goats are the primary species in the pastoral and agro-pastoral livelihood areas. Most of the countrys hard currency is generated through the export of livestock. A total of 1,675,410 livestock head were exported from January to December 2009; of these, 93% were sheep/ goats. Table 27: Export of Goats and Sheep through Berbera Port 2005-2009
Month Jan Feb Mar 2005 130,231 66,856 19,749 2006 99,956 58,011 86,187 2007 42,618 73,699 38,927

(Head)
2008 15,321 55,508 33,823 2009 114,134 50,153 58,910

Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total

45,458 54,799 36,335 67,537 75,918 54,266 142,554 119,982 216,410 1,030,095

66,784 67,553 56,919 85,879 75,108 92,324 108,187 92,959 309,744 1,199,611

15130 73,832 35315 76,879 110,689 106,531 113,348 315,867 347,219 1,350,054

26,549 46,076 44,512 69,409 122,051 100,164 102,477 339,885 268,758 1,224,533

30,461 29,613 45,879 112,942 139,723 135,702 65,424 780,171 2,410 1,565,522

Source: Berbera Port Authority.

Chart 25A: Export of Goats and Sheep through Berbera Port during 2005-2009 (Monthly)

Chart 25B: Total Export of Goats and Sheep through Berbera Port during 2005-2009 ( Yearly)

27 Table 28: Export of Cattle through Berbera Port during 2005-2009

Month January Feb Mach April May June July August September October 2005 14,895 11,303 12,934 8,650 8,174 7,347 8,893 10,698 8,643 17,547 2006 9,142 8,628 6,020 4,005 3,942 3,803 8,871 7,786 11,207 8,723 2007 5,295 6,323 3,244 1,151 4,728 9,593 10,103 8,605 9,119 7,841 2008 4,930 7,691 5,671 4,115 3,864 4,097 8,480 4,907 3,582 9,989 (Head) 2009 3,448 12,322 5,049 3,806 3,510 5,162 7,658 7,857 6,481 11,666

November December Total

15,760 23,617 148,061

10,388 15,115 97,631

10,788 11,353 88,143

17,027 6,828 81,181

20,471 2,256 89,686

Source: Berbera Port Authority

Chart 26A: Export of Cattle through Berbera Port during 2005-2009 (Monthly)

Chart26 B: Total Export of Cattle through Berbera Port during 2005-2009 (Yearly)

28
Table 29: Export of Camels through Berbera Port during 2005-2009
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep 2005 0 0 0 1,068 0 477 1,131 328 446 2006 563 1,884 4270 4,384 876 1703 1,023 2,283 2,694 2007 1,327 1,3499 1,787 1,232 430 1,620 1,391 997 1,439 2008 1,299 3,248 2,590 2,140 1,241 1,475 4,114 3,072 2,611 2009 20 880 15 1,085 667 1,925 3,963 3,406 2,414

Oct Nov Dec Total

335 308 976 5,069

1,452 2,211 522 23,865

927 911 835 14,245

2,311 2,245 17 26,363

3,266 1,244 1,317 20,202

Source: Berbera Port Authority

Chart27A: Export of Camels through Berbera Port during 2005-2009 (Monthly)

Chart27B: Total Export of Camels through Berbera Port during 2005-2009 (Yearly)

29

Table 30: Export of Livestock through Berbera Port during 2005-2009

Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug 2005 144,926 80,159 32,683 55,176 62,873 44,159 77,361 86,944 2006 109,661 68,523 96,477 75,173 72,371 62,425 95,773 85,177 2007 49,240 81,371 43,958 17,513 78,990 46,428 88,373 120,291 2008 21,550 66,447 42,084 32,804 51,181 50,084 82,003 130,030 2009 117,602 63,355 63,974 35,352 33,790 52,966 124,563 150,986 Total 442,979 359,855 279,176 216,018 299,205 256,062 468,073 573,428

Sep Oct Nov Dec Total

63,355 160,436 13,050 243,003 1,183,225

106,225 118,362 105,558 325,382 1,321,107

117,089 121,116 327,566 359,407 1,452,442

106,357 114,777 359,157 275,603 1,332,077

144,597 80,356 801,886 5,983 1,675,410

537,623 595,047 1,607,217 1,209,378 6,844,061

Source: Berbera Port Authority

Chart 28A: Total Export of Livestock through Berbera Port during 2005-2009

Chart 28B: Export of Livestock Comparing 5 yrs

30
Table 31: Export of Hide and Skin Pieces through Berbera Port during 2005-2009
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul 2005 229,406 413,633 328,913 234,615 340,326 103,040 313,280 2006 276,695 181,896 330,827 37,320 243,755 78,849 210,761 2007 35,600 140,126 206,949 107,625 203,220 62,000 192,027 2008 296,184 231,052 459,002 357,773 651,028 511,650 257,846 (Piece) 2009 500,030 181,509 144,300 150,812 25,787 244,770 222,584

Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total

227,310 84,942 121,915 484,311 232,032 3,123,723

75,409 170,075 136,470 223,983 124,580 2,090,620

328,069 362,650 232,352 287,356 451,401 2,609,375

210,051 308,835 305,020 343,880 108,800 4,041,121

908,850 102,760 77,000 251,197 712,966 3,522,565

Source: Berbera Port Authority

Chart 29A: Export of Hide and Skin Pieces through Berbera Port during 2005-2009 (Monthly)

Chart29B : Total Export of Hide and Skin Pieces through Berbera Port during 2005-2009 (Yearly)

31
Table 32: Export of Beeyo through Berbera Port during 2005-2009
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug 2005 13,870 14,000 0 29,000 3,750 29,000 10,600 22,580 2006 31,655 21,261 49,325 70,535 65,215 25,590 50,000 1,200 2007 0 67,482 33,900 157,500 66,500 3,500 129,920 52,460 2008 55,900 177,520 42,193 160,640 147,420 0 50,000 3,200

( Kg)
2009 37,780 64,300 0 4,974,650 1,520 49,917 56,000 0

Sep 15,345 Oct 5,700 Nov 74,435 Dec 54,440 Total 272,720 Source: Berbera Port Authority.

29,829 780 75,821 1,800 423,011

1,940 19,400 32,104 50,000 614,706

210,005 209,180 153,024 61,155 883,677

41,115 48,000 148,011 125,000 5,546,293

Chart 30A: Export of Beeyo through Berbera Port during 2005-2009

( Kg)

Chart 30B: Total Export of Beeyo through Berbera Port during 2005-2009 ( Kg)

32
Table 33: Berbera Port Traffic during 2005-2009
Year 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Source: Berbera Port Authority

(NO)
Ships 340 329 278 316 307 Total 454 477 382 469 494

Dhows 114 148 104 153 187

Chart 31: Total Berbera Port Traffic during 2005-2009

(NO)

Table 34: Import of Fuel during 2005-2009 (Tons)

Year 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Diesel 31,660 23,018 8,976 12,252 49,142 Petrol 15,357 18,621 10,220 4,168 7,636 Jet A 1 MQ 12 10781.2 N/A 3,712 4,183.05 Kerosene MQ 6968 5921.3 N/A 2,878.01 2,366.7

Source: Berbera Port Authority.

Chart 32: Import of Fuel during 2005-2009 (Tonnes)

33

9. TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATION

Table 35: Traffic Movement Statistics for Major Airports during 2006
Month Commercial Passenger PAX In PAX Total out Non Commercial Passenger PAX In PAX Total Out Commercial CGO CGO in Kg CGO Out

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total

2303 1,830 2,670 1,945 3,651 3,571 4,060 2,894 1,960 1,515 2,142 2,798 31,339

2,022 1,574 2,460 2,035 1,884 1,732 2,206 3812 2,734 1,595 2,523 2,910 7,487

4,325 3,404 5,130 3,980 5,535 5,303 6,266 6,706 4,694 3,110 4,665 5,708 58,826

0 0 441 479 75 78 534 484 225 156 410 345 3,227

0 0 410 402 93 100 481 591 216 159 302 278 3,032

0 0 851 881 68 178 1,015 1,075 441 315 712 623 6,259

126,622 155,950 178,620 104,045 77,905 62,360 67,395 246,995 207,018 207,018 171,610 158,000 1,763,538

Kg 0 0 0 79,283 71,800 73,400 94,300 64,412 66,145 54,775 78,577 105,154 687,846

Source: Ministry of Civil Aviation & Air Transport.

Chart 33: Passenger Movement for Major Airports (2006)

Cargo Movement (In/Out)

34 Table 36: AIR TRAFFIC VOLUME DURING 2006

Operators DAALO DAMAL STAR II-18 366 AN-12 AN-08 AN26/24 194 FK-50 DC--9 L-410 BE20/19 Others

GALAD DJIBOUTI CARGO FLIGHT ETHIOPIA JUBA ECHO UNCAS Total

50 41

180 83 206 264

457

83

374

206

38 38

264

Source: Ministry of Civil Aviation and Air Transport.

Table 37: TRAFFIC MOVEMENT FOR MAJOR AIRPORTS DURING 2007 Commercial Passengers PAX IN PAX OUT 4759 4995 2616 2903 2913 2975 5294 3442 3881 3745 8357 5072 9759 6167 6858 6867 5731 7265 5529 4742 6432 5389 8266 7815 70,395 61377 Non-Commercial Passengers PAX IN PAX Total OUT 602 322 924 372 326 698 169 191 360 511 453 964 --------947 631 1,578 906 632 1,538 720 415 1,135 832 877 1,709 709 771 1,480 927 881 1,808 692 698 1,390 7387 6197 13,584 Commercial CGO CGO IN kg CGO out kg 137,000 178000 136900 137797 79283 119859 71800 33993 73400 85334 94300 112303 64412 259204 66145 203954 54775 168188 78577 243603 105154 1836135 687846

Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total

Total 9,754 5,519 5,888 8,736 7,626 13,429 15,926 13,725 12,996 10,271 11,821 16,081 131,772

Source: Ministry of Civil Aviation and Air Transport.

Chart 34: Passenger Movement for Major Airports during 2007

Cargo Movement (In/Out)

35 Table 38: Aircraft Traffic Volume during 2007

Operator Daalo Damal Djibouti 11-8 359 21 An-12 9 0 An-08 0 0 AN26/24 495 242 FK-50 0 0 DC-9 0 0 L-410 0 0 BE20/19 0 0 Total 863 263

Cargo flights Air Express Ethiopia Juba EU UNCAS Others Total

95

76

0 211

0 157

146 412 346

173 157 211 146 412 346 10 2,581

621

85

739

211

157

758

Sources: Ministry of Civil Aviation and Air Transport.

Table 39: TRAFFIC MOVEMENT FOR MAJOR AIRPORTS DURING 2008

Month
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Commercial Passenger Non-Commercial Passenger PAX IN PAX Total PAX IN PAX Total OUT OUT 5,821 3,317 9,138 3,879 4,662 4,064 5,237 7,975 8,669 5,617 3,801 4,351 3,372 5,169 3,542 3,656 3,862 3,882 5,266 5,599 8,045 5,406 4,813 4,518 4,096 7,421 8,318 7,926 9,119 13,241 14,268 13,662 9,207 9,164 7,890 9,265 118,619

Commercial CGO CGO IN kg CGO out kg 30,820 92,282 333,625 171,626 16,008 219,125 289,082 176,000 271,959 395,741 264,428 157,456 35,0970 2,676,840 2,887 15,145 1,863 16,056 0 0 5,503 43,403 38,903 0 0 216,042

Total

62,617 56,002

Sources: Ministry of Civil Aviation

36
Chart 35A: Commercial Passengers during 2008

Chart 35B: Commercial CGO during 2008

37

Table 40: Aircraft Traffic Volume during 2008

Operator Daalo Juba Airways Ethiopia Djibouti UNHAS ECHO Alla Amin Special flight Suhuura African Express Total

11-18 503 291 5

An-12 81

An-08

AN26/24 358 94 125

FK-50

DC-9

L-410

BE20/19

Total 2

225 379 288 98 6 46 11 897 81 594 175 175 667 387 183 156

Sources: Ministry of Civil Aviation

Table 41: TRAFFIC MOVEMENT FOR MAJOR AIR PORTS DURING 2009

Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Au Sep Oct Nov Dec Total

Commercial Passenger Non-Commercial Passenger PAX IN PAX Total PAX IN PAX Total OUT OUT 3,349 3,408 6,757 3,127 3,501 3,949 4,030 7,626 8,203 6,008 3,747 4,864 6,817 7,013 62,234 3,950 4,671 3,943 3,164 3,888 5,433 6,711 3,997 4,699 7,547 4,562 55,973 7,077 8,172 7,892 7,194 11,514 13,636 12,719 7,744 9,563 14,364 11,575 118,207

Commercial CGO CGO IN kg CGO out kg 228,341 0 217,630 159,614 268,818 225,636 235,045 251,828 322,652 217,980 227,603 245,355 271,950 2,872,452 0 0 0 309,533 0 0 93461 50693 6135 64,155 22,385 72704

Sources: Ministry of Civil Aviation

38

Chart 36A: Commercial Passengers during 2009

Chart 36B: Commercial CGO during 2009

Table 42: Aircraft Traffic Volume during 2009

Operator Daalo Juba Airways Air Ethiopia Suhuura Cosob Alla Amin UNHAS ECHO Special Flights Total 11-8 384 170 100 42 An-12 An-08 AN26/24 151 103 FK-50 DC-9 42 L-410 BE20/19 Total

41 37 34 4 375 360 5 781 2

696

75

254

42

207 38 36 283

Sources: Ministry of Civil Aviation

39

10. EDUCATION
The current educational system consists of a primary level with eight grades, followed by a secondary level with four grades. Overall, the number of students enrolled in primary schools, secondary schools and universities in Somaliland continues to grow rapidly. Table 43: Growth of Public and Private Education during 1997/98-2008/2009 Year 1997/98 1998/99 1999/00 2000/01 2001/02 2002/03 2003/04 2004/05 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 Pri. schools 165 144 174 294 307 353 385 412 516 N/A 627 Sec.schools 3 5 13 15 16 20 29 35 43 44 59 Family life 11 13 13 13 17 24 33 33 N/B N/A 30 Vocational 2 3 4 4 4 4 4 2 2 2 N|A Universities 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 5 6 10

Source: Ministry of Education.

Chart 37: Growth of Public and Private Education during 1997/98-2008/2009

40

PRIMARY EDUCATION Primary schools have increased students enrolment from 35,997 in 1998/99 t o 170,930. Likely gender enrolment estimates in 2008/09 indicate that there is 1 girl for every 3 boys. Most of the schools were constructed with the help of aid assistance from the international community. Table 44: Growth of Primary Education (Public and Private) during 1998/99-2008/2009 Year 1998/99 1999/00 2000/01 2001/02 2002/03 2003/04 2004/05 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 Schools 144 174 222 307 354 385 412 516 N/A 590 627 classes 887 1,106 1,893 2,078 2,386 2,65 2586 3,277 N/A 3,746 N\A Male 26,356 32,720 38,106 56,951 63,912 70,617 79,878 85,665 94,627 75,985 108,322 Female 9,641 12503 14,819 27,723 32,294 35,863 38,438 51,091 56,873 42,730 62,608 Total 35,997 45,223 52,925 84,674 96,206 106,480 118,316 136,756 151,500 159,042 170,930 Teachers 960 1,167 1,921 2,062 2,346 2,590 2,801 3,941 N/A 3,937 4969

Source: Ministry of Education.

Chart 38: Growth of Primary Education (Public and Private)

1998/99-2008/2009

41

Table 45: Distribution of Primary Education by Region during 2008/2009 Region Schools Classes Male Awdal M.Jeex Sahil Togdheer Sanag Sool Total 84 177 41 130 101 94 627 Student Enrolment Female M/F Total 9,508 23,962 3,611 9,569 7,978 7,980 62,608 23,518 68,098 8,742 28,003 21,127 21,442 170,930

Teachers

14,010 44,136 5,131 18,434 13,149 13,462 108,322

Source: Ministry of Education.

Chart 39: Distribution of Primary Education by Region during 2008/09

42

Table 46: Primary EducationDistribution of Students by Gender and Region during 08/09
Region Awdal Maroodi Jeeh Sahil Togdheer Sanag Sool Total Male 10,395 36,197 3,421 12,993 9,594 9,639 82,239 URBAN Female 7,305 20,210 2,865 7,527 5,792 6,392 50,091 RURAL Female 1,721 3,752 946 2,042 2,186 1,594 12,241

Male 4,097 7,939 1,510 5,441 3,555 3,843 26,385

Source: Ministry of Education

Chart 40: Primary EducationDistribution of Students by Gender and Region during 08/09

43

Table 47: Primary and Secondary Examination Results (National) during 05/06-08/09
Year 2005/06 Type Grade 8 Form 4 Total Grade 8 2006/07 Form 4 Total Grade 8 2007/08 Form 4 Total Grade 8 2008/09 Form 4 Total
Source: Ministry of Education.

Schools 75 23 98 88 27 115 117 36 153 132 37 169

Students 4,480 2,010 6,490 5,231 2,468 7,699 6,702 3,027 9,729 8,142 3,174 11,316

Passed 3,717 1,689 5,406 4,751 2,370 7,121 5,683 2,905 8,588 7,402 3,000 10,402

Failed 597 228 825 369 16 385 707 9 716 541 165 706

Absent 141 93 234 101 82 183 244 113 357 195 0 195

Chart 41: Primary and Secondary Examination Results (National) during 05/06--08/09

44

Secondary Education The total number of students enrolled in secondary schools grew during 2007/08 from 19,146 to 20,489, which translates to an annual growth rate of 7%, but gender disparity in enrolment stands at 1:3 in favour of boys. Most secondary schools in Somaliland, 63%, are public; the remaining 37% are private.

Table 48: Growth of Secondary Education (Public and Private) during 1996/97-2008/2009
No. of Schools 1996/97 1997/98 1998/99 1999/00 2000/01 2001/02 2002/03 2003/04 2004/05 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 3 3 5 13 15 16 24 30 35 43 44 59 68 No. of Classes 7 19 28 69 98 123 178 225 233 243 253 442 N/A Student enrolment Male 278 778 1,065 2,246 3,548 4,700 7,502 8,458 9,254 10,565 11,681 13,737 14,843 Female 51 139 178 526 832 1,052 1,664 2,315 2,590 3,204 3,732 5,409 5,646 Total 329 917 1,243 2,772 4,380 5,752 9166 10,773 11,844 13,769 15,413 19,146 20,460 29 37 59 127 174 232 294 358 300 315 325 871 546 Teacher

Source: Ministry of Education

Chart: 42 Growth of Secondary Education (Public and Private) during 1996/97-2008/2009

45

Table 49: Public and Private Secondary Schools Distribution by Region during 07/08-08/09
Region Form 1-4 M.Jeex 1-4 Awdal 1-4 Sahil 1-4 Togdheer 1-4 Sanaag 1-4 Sool 1-4 Total Sch. 26 5 3 8 11 6 59 2007/08 Male Female 7,882 3,065 1,817 836 753 279 1,380 398 939 409 966 429 13,737 5,409 Total 10,947 2,653 1,032 1,395 1,341 1,395 19,146 Sch. 31 9 4 11 7 6 68 2008/2009 Male Female 9,047 3,654 1,974 795 732 210 1,528 370 714 273 848 344 14,843 5,646 Total 12,701 2,769 942 1,869 987 1,192 20,460

Source: Ministry of Education.

Chart 43A: Total of Public and Private Secondary Schools Distribution by Region during 08/09

Chart 43B: Public and Private Secondary Schools Distribution by Region during 08-09

46

HIGHER EDUCATION
Amoud University
Amoud University is located in Amoud Valley, 4.5 kilometres east of Borama in the Awdal Region of Somaliland, on the campus of the prestigious former Amoud Secondary School. The idea of establishing Amoud University was conceived by the intellectuals and elders of Somaliland, particularly those who hail from the Awdal region. It was formally proposed in a workshop in Borama on 6 August, 1996. The participants of workshop agreed to the proposal and adopted a resolution for the establishment of Amoud University. Amoud University officially started functioning in September 1997. Presently, the faculties of education, medicine, business and public administration, agriculture, nursing, dentistry, engineering, information technology, Sharia, and law are established, and preparations are underway for the establishment of a faculty of economics and others. Table 50: Number of students enrolled in Amoud University during 2007 Faculties Business Education Agriculture Medicine Sharia and Law Freshman Total Freshman Sophomore 91 40 66 32 36 54 210 296 50 -0283 Junior 37 29 40 25 -0-0131 Senior 50 20 52 23 -0-0145 TM 123 65 119 104 74 150 635 TF 55 24 39 26 30 60 234 Gr.Tatal 178 89 158 116 104 210 855

Source: Amoud University.

Chart 44: Grand Total of Males and Females Number of Students Enrolled in Amoud University in 2007

47

Table 51: Number of Students Enrolled in Amoud University: 2008-2009 Faculties Freshman 08 09 368 505 Sophomore 08 09 30 83 480 481 41 28 31 34 22 40 16 26 29 17 29 Junior 08 09 67 30 168 480 27 41 25 31 35 21 27 16 Senior 08 09 25 67 77 53 34 27 11 10 56 27 TM 08 268 95 571 85 42 37 10 TF 08 100 27 154 17 25 20 33 Gr.Tatal 08 09 368 505 122 180 725 1014 102 92 67 75 57 117 43 69 29 29 17

Business Education Agriculture Medicine Sharia and Law Nursing Computer ICT Density Engineering Total
Source: Amoud University.

09 405 136 766 76 46 76 15 24 24 13

09 100 44 248 16 29 41 54 5 5 4

Chart 45: Number of Students Enrolled in Amoud University during 2008-2009

48

Table 52: Number of Students Graduated from Amoud University during 2005-2009
Year 2005 2006 2007 Faculties Business Education Business Education Business Education Medicine Business Education Agriculture Medicine Business Education Agriculture Medicine Nursing Male 60 49 64 55 72 40 4 14 66 27 4 17 245 24 6 5 721 Female 23 5 28 11 24 14 1 13 12 7 2 6 59 1 3 9 199 Total 83 54 92 66 96 54 5 27 78 34 6 23 304 25 9 14 920

2008

2009

Total
Source: Amoud University.

Chart 46: Number of Students Graduated from Amoud University during 2005-2009

49

The University of Hargeisa

The University of University was established on 23 October, 2000, in the capital of Somaliland (Hargeisa). It was the second university to open in the country. Regular classes started on 1 November, 2000. His Excellency the late Mohammed H. Ibrahim Egal, the former President of the Republic of Somaliland, inaugurated the University during its official opening ceremony. At present, the operating faculties are those of business, law, medicine, Islamic studies, Science & Information Technology, Engineering, Education, and Economics.

Table 53: Number of Students Enrolled in the University of Hargeisa during 2007 Faculties Business Islamic Studies Science Law Information Technology Medicine Total Freshman 595 78 85 96 95 31 980 Sophomore Junior 281 260 -025 171 -025 502 11 8 90 -037 406 Senior 148 -022 58 -020 248 TM 1004 40 119 305 79 86 1633 TF 280 49 21 110 16 27 503 G.Total 1284 89 140 415 95 113 2136

Source: Hargeisa University.

Chart 47: Number of Students Enrolled in the University of Hargeisa in 2007 Grand Total of Males and Females

50

Table 54: Number of Students Enrolled in the University of Hargeisa during 2008-2009
Faculties Business Islamic Studies Science Law ICT Education Economics Engineering Medicine Freshman
2008 2009

Sophomore
2008 2009

Junior
2008 2009

Senior
2008 2009

TM
2008 2009

TF
2008 2009

G.Total
2008 2009

236 48 80 84 107 73

234 20 124 92 239 30 163 51 43

185 16 88 115 19

208 80 64 74 143 30

184 16 107 48 27

179 16 81 115 19

184 21 50 51

176 16 99 48 59

592 36 100 247 80 122 134 131 1

598 15 177 252 235 23 352 43 118 181 3

197 12 33 82 27 41 36

199 5 59 84 78 8 117 8 33

789 48 133 329 107 163 170 173 9

797 20 236 336 313 30 469 51 151 240 3

Total

628

996

423

599

382

410

306

398

428

591

Source: Hargeisa University

Chart 48A: Number of Students Enrolled in the University of Hargeisa during 2008-2009

Chart48B: Total Number of Students Enrolled in the University of Hargeisa by Gender during 2008-2009

51

Table 55: Number of Students Graduated from the University during 2005-2009
Year Faculty Business and Administration Science Islamic Studies Business & Administration Law Business & Administration Law Islamic Studies Male 28 2 -43 27 79 24 -Female 13 1 6 7 1 20 3 7 Total 41 3 6 50 28 99 27 7

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

Business & Admin Law Science Business & Admin Law Science Islamic Studies Medicine

146 38 18 192 40 4 1 12 654

38 12 3 41 29 3 8 3 195

184 50 21 233 69 7 9 15 849

Grand Total
Source: Hargeisa University.

Chart 49: Number of Students Graduated from the University of Hargeisa during 2005-2009

52

Burao University
Burao University was established in September 2004. Burao University is located 2 kilometres west of Burao, on the campus of the prestigious former Institute of Livestock and Environment. Currently, the faculties of education, veterinary, business, agriculture, Islamic studies, and law are established. Future plans of the university include the establishment of other faculties. Table 56: Number of Students Enrolled in Burao University during 2007 Faculties Education Veterinary Business Islamic and Law Total Freshman 30 22 49 40 141 Sophomore 49 16 45 110 Junior 14 11 25 Senior TM TF 79 36 50 58 223 G.Total 79 36 86 85 279

10 10

19 37 56

Source: Burco University.

Chart 50A: Number of Students Enrolled in Burao University during 2007

Chart50B: Number of Students Enrolled in Burao University by Gender during 2007

53
Table 57: Number of Students Enrolled in Burao University during 2008-2009

Faculties
2008

Freshman
2009

Sophomore
2008 2009 2008

Junior
2009 2008

Senior
2009

Education Agriculture Business Islamic and Law Total

Source: Burao University.

25 13 24 28 90

20 18 38

25 5 28 58

13 42 55

13 36 49

Chart 51: Number of Students Enrolled in Burao University during 2008-2009

54

Admas University
Admas University was established by natives of Somaliland in September 2006 as a response to the needs of the society of Somaliland. Admas University is an affiliated, autonomous branch of Admas

University in Ethiopia, a high-status, private institution of advanced learning. Currently, the established faculties are those of accounting, management, economics, and ICT. Future plans for the university include an expansion through the establishment of education, and marketing faculties. Table 5: Number of Students Enrolled in Admas University during 2007 Faculty ITC Economic Management Accounting Total Freshman 167 106 99 81 453 Sophomore Junior 94 44 61 90 289 Senior TM 194 129 82 113 518 TF 67 21 78 58 224 G. Total 261 150 160 171 742

Source: Adams University.

Chart 52: Number of Students Enrolled in Admas University, 2007. Grand total of Males and Females

Table 59: Number of Students Enrolled in Admas University during 2008-2009 Faculty Freshman Sophomore Junior Senior TM TF
2008 2009 2008 2009 2008 2009 2008 2009 2008 2009 2008 2009

G. Total
2008 2009

ICT Economic

114 65

180 78 68 89 415

87 42 54 96 279

87 55 56 66 264

86 38 48 85 257

140 93 80 119 232

252 145 104 140 641

61 14 43 62 180

101 26 68 100 295

201 107 123 181 612

353 171 172 240 936

Management 69 85 Accounting 333 Total

Source: Adams University.

55
Chart 53: Number of Students Enrolled in Admas University during 2008-2009

Table 60: Number of Students Graduated from Admas University during 2009 Year Faculty Accounting Management Economics ICT Male 47 24 33 43 147 Female 30 17 2 27 76 Total 77 41 35 70 223

2009 Grand Total

Source: Adams University.

Chart 54: Total Number of Students Graduated from Admas University by Gender during 2009

56

Eelo American University

Eelo American University is situated in Borama, in Mahfuud`s Building. The Idea of establishing Eelo American University was conceived by intellectuals from the Hashi family. Eelo American University officially started functioning on 17September, 2007. At present, the faculties of engineering, computer science, and management science are established. Future plans for the university include the creation of faculties for economics, medicine, law, and agriculture. Table 61: Number of Students Enrolled in Eelo American University during 2007 Faculty Engineering Computer Science Management Science Total
Source: Eelo American University.

Freshman 79 137 38 254

Sophomore Junior

Senior

TM 76 98 21 196

TF 3 39 17 59

Total 79 137 38 255

Chart 55: Number of students Enrolled in Eelo American University during 2007

Grand Total of Males and Females

57

Table 62: Number of Students Enrolled in Eelo American University during 2008-2009
Faculty Freshman
2008 2009

Sophomore
2008 2009

Junior
2008 2009

Senior
2008 2009

TM
2008 2009 2008

TF
2009

Total
2008 2009

Engineering Computer Science Management Science Total

29 35 42 106

13 21 43 77

65 49 63 177

26 29 42 97

61 41 60 162

91 61 79 231

96 69 165 330

3 23 26 52

4 22 26 52

94 84

100 91

105 191 283 382

Source: Eelo American University.

Chart 56: Number of Students Enrolled in Eelo American University during 2008-2009

58

Golis University
Golis University is located in the west of Hargeisa City, the capital of Somaliland. Golis University was established in 2004 as a non-profit making institution. Officially, it was started in 2005 [clarify) and was upgraded to the status of a university within 10 months of its opening. Currently, the faculties of education, civil engineering, telecommunications engineering, ICT, law, agriculture, and criminal justice and police science are established. Table 63: Number of Students Enrolled in Golis University during 2007 Faculties Education Engineering ITC Shari& Law CJ& Police Total Freshman 38 45 15 98 Sophomore Junior 452 52 29 11 Senior TM 341 117 41 15 33 547 TF 111 2 15 10 138 Total 452 119 56 15 43 685

515

29

43 43

Source: Golis University.

Chart 57: Number of students Enrolled in Golis University during 2007

Grand Total of Males and Females

59

Table 64: Number of Students Enrolled in Golis University during 2008-2009 Faculties Education Civil Eng. Teleco Eng. ICT Shari& Law Agriculture Total Freshman
2008 2009

Sophomore Junior
2008 2009 2008 2009

Senior
2008 2009

TM
2008 2009

TF
2008 2009

Total
2008 2009

63 34 10 107

211 139 92 15 457

366 9 375

5 54 59

51

19 32 51

26 26

60 18 29 9 56

40 25 136 74 15 290

306 1 15 6 328

171 4 3 19 26

366 19 88 32 9 148

211 94 139 146 15 605

Source: Golis University.

Chart 58A: Number of Students Enrolled in Golis University during 2008-2009

Chart 58B: Total Number of Males and Females 2008-2009

60

Table 65: Number of Students Graduated from Golis University during 2008-2009 Year 2008 2009 Grand Total
Source: Golis University.

Faculty Criminal & justice Civil Eng. Civil Eng.

Male 27 18 25 70

Female 5 1 1 7

Total 32 19 26 77

Chart 59: Number of Students Graduated from Golis University during 2008-2009

International Horn University:

The International Horn University is located in the west of Hargeisa City. It was established in 2004 as a non-profit making institution. It is affiliated with some of the best universities in the world such as the Open University of Malaysia (OUM), the Association of Business Executives in UK (ABE), and the University of the Holy Quran and Islamic Science in Sudan. At Present, the university consists of four facultiesnamely, those of computer science, Economics and management science, Sharia, law, and Quranic Science.

61

Table 66: Number of Students Enrolled in the International Horn University during 2008-2009
Faculties C. Science Eco. Manag Science Sharia& Law Qoran Science Total Freshman
2008 2009

Sophomore
2008 2009

Junior
2008 2009

Senior
2008 2009

TM
2008 2009

TF
2008 2009

G.Total
2008 2009

24 38 24

61 65 45 62

20 22 18

18 34 17

17 20 13

29 44 24

64 82 44 35

15 16 18

32 37 31 27

44 60 42

96 119 75 62

86

233

60

69

50

97

225

49

127

146

352

Source : International Horn University

Chart 60A: Number of Students Enrolled in the International Horn University during 2008-2009

Chart 60B: Grand Total of StudentsEnrolled in the International Horn University during 2008-2009

62

11. Health
The approximately 3.4million population of Somaliland is served by 24 hospitals, 85 health centres, and 170 health posts. The health sector receives large amounts of assistance from international organizations.

Public Health
Table 66: Available Health Service facilities during 2008-2009
Selected Region M.jeex Sahil Awdal T/Dheer Sanaag Sool Total Doctors 2008 41 3 11 12 4 2 73 2009 47 3 11 15 4 6 86 Nurses 2008 172 10 37 47 24 4 294 2009 216 10 37 78 24 4 369 Midvies 2008 36 5 9 10 5 1 65 2009 39 9 13 14 9 5 89 X-Ray Technicians 2008 2009 2 2 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 4 4 Beds 2008 550 250 380 270 130 140 1720 2009 559 255 384 276 133 142 1749 Laboratory Technologists 2008 2009 5 16 1 1 2 2 3 3 1 1 1 1 13 24

Sources: Ministry of Health.

Chart 61A: Available Health Staff Distribution by Region during 2008-2009

Chart 61B: Available Health Bed Distribution by Region during 2008-2009

63

Table 67: Regional Immunization Routing Data in 2008-2009

BCG DPT1-2-3 OPV1-2-3 Measles TT for pregnant woman*
2008 9,964 2,258 9,592 6,222 1,932 1,431 31,399 2009 14,561 3,529 9,783 5,429 5,457 4,678 43,437

TT for non pregnant woman*

2008 4,998 2,455 6,412 4,573 1,389 1,265 21,092 2009 4,716 2,910 6,053 2,139 6,482 3,827 26,127

M.jeex Sahil Awdal T/Dheer Sanaag Sool Total

2008 10,361 4,236 11,901 7,601 3,069 1,101 38,269

2009 12,401 3,106 10,070 4,229 4,454 2,360 36,620

2008 28,179 11,173 36,542 21,188 8,290 4,478 109,850

2009 33,526 13,303 29,760 14,856 13,980 12,813 118,238

2008 28,226 11,079 36,720 20,753 8,294 4,388 109,460

2009 33,625 13,492 29,900 14,294 13,942 13,463 118,716

2008 9,244 3,695 8,968 8,141 2,660 1,377 34,085

2009 10,598 4,461 8,286 4,858 4,992 5,008 38,203

*1st + 2nd Dose Sources: Ministry of Health.

Chart 62 A: Regional Immunization Routing Data in 2008-2009

Chart 62 B: Regional Immunization Routing Data TT for Pregnant & Non-Pregnant women in 2008-2009

64

Table 68: Number of TB Patients in Selected Towns during 2005-2009 Selected Towns Borama Hargeisa Berbera Burao Gabilay Total

2005 475 2150 282 730 162 3,799

2006 422 1849 202 649 161 3,283

2007 320 1858 210 686 144 3,218

2008 285 2,078 226 879 146 3,614

2009 354 1,856 220 1010 154 3,594

Total 1,858 9,791 1,140 3,954 767 17,510

Source: Ministry of Health and labour.

Chart 63: Number of TB Patients in Selected Towns during 2005-2009.

65

Table 69: Availability of Private Health Services during 2007

Selected towns Name of Hospitals
Manhal Hosp. Magan Hosp. Red Sea Hosp. Ugbaad Maternity Hosp. Bukaankaal Hosp. Edna Maternity Hosp. Alaale Hosp.

Doctors 13 1 1 1 2 5 3 26

Nurses 10 3 6 1 3 6 3 32

Midwives X-Ray Technicians 5 1 3 0 0 0 3 0 0 20 3 34 0 0 2 3

Beds 85 24 13 12 22 50 30 236

Laboratory technologists 4 0 2 1 2 4 2 15

Hargeisa

Borama G.Total

Source: Private Health Sector.

Chart 64: Availability of Private Health Services during 2007

66

Table 70: Availability of Private Health Services during 2008 Selected towns Name of Hospitals
Manhal Hosp. Horn of Africa Red Sea Hosp. Ugbaad Maternity Hosp. B.kal-kaal Hosp. Edna Maternity Hosp. Alaale Hosp.

Doctors 12 2 1 1 1 4 4 25

Nurses 12 4 5 3 2 12 7 45

Midwives X-Ray Beds Technicians 4 0 84 4 0 20 0 0 8 2 0 9 0 9 5 24 0 1 1 2 15 60 32 228

Laboratory technologists 4 1 2 4 1 5 3 20

Hargeisa

Borama G. Total

Source: Private Health Sector.

Chart 65: Availability of Private Health Services during 2008

67

Table 71: Availability of Private Health Services during 2009

Selected towns Name of Hospitals
Manhal Hosp. Horn of Africa Red Sea Hosp. Ugbaad Maternity Hosp. B.kal-kaal Hosp. Edna Maternity Hosp. Alaale Hosp.

Doctors 12 2 1 1 1 4 4 25

Nurses 3 4 5 3 2 12 7 36

Midwives 3 4 0 2 0 9 5 23

X-Ray Technicians 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 3

Beds 84 20 8 9 15 60 32 228

Laboratory technologists 3 1 2 4 1 5 3 19

Hargeisa

Borama General Total

Source: Private Health Sector.

Chart 66: Availability of Private Health Services during 2009

68

12. Miscellaneous
Table 72: Criminal Statistics in Somaliland during 2006-2007
SN. Region Number of Cases 2006 2007 Number Cases Convicted 2006 2007 Number of Cases Pending 2006 2007

Hargeisa Gabiley Awdal Sahil Togdheer Sanag Sool Total

840 310 316 156 371 260 9 2272

858 170 345 227 345 250 42 2237

593 270 259 144 346 240 16 1868

694 140 292 205 319 220 38 1908

247 40 57 12 25 20 3 404

164 30 53 22 26 30 4 329

Source: Attorney General of Somaliland

Chart 67: Criminal Statistics in Somaliland during 2006-2007

69

Table 73: Criminal Statistics in Somaliland during 2008-2009

SN. Region Number of Cases 2008 2009 Number Cases Convicted 2008 2009 Number of Cases Pending 2008 2009

Hargeisa Awdal Sahil Togdheer Sanaag Sool Total

2756 388 426 450 228 223 4,471

2,229 365 400 412 208 259 3,873

1,781 335 398 404 193 192 3,303

2,110 328 388 371 180 243 3,620

975 53 28 46 35 31 1,168

119 37 12 41 28 16 253

Sources: Supreme Court

Chart 68: Criminal Statistics in Somaliland during 2008-2009

70

Table 74: Vehicle Accidents during 2008-2009

Region Number of People injured 2008 2009 Number of people died 2008 2009 Number of vehicles destroyed 2008 2009 Other asset destroyed 2008 68 neef 22 dhisme 12 neef 8 dhisme 89 neef ----5 neef 4 dhisme 8 neef 1 dhisme 7 neef 4 dhisme 189 neef 39 dhisme 2009 79 neef 29 dhisme 22 neef 19 dhisme 22 neef 6 dhisme ------------------2 neef 5 neef -------146 neef 54 dhisme

Hargeisa Awdal Sahil Togdheer Sanaag Sool Total

752 16 50 180 4 29 1031

635 12 38 172 13 23 893

60 26 14 4 3 5 112

63 22 16 2 2 5 110

475 175 27 23 6 17 723

416 107 17 13 9 19 581

Sources: Police Commander in Chief of Somaliland

Chart 69: Vehicle Accidents in Somaliland during 2008-2009

71

12.2 Water
Table 75: Number of Available Water Facilities by Region during 2007
Rehabilitation of boreholes Drilling of new boreholes Shallow Wells Communal Dams(Ballys) Springs Sub surface Berkad Water system
Source: Ministry of Water &Natural Resources.

M.Jeex 5 4 15 20 3 120 20

Awdal 4 3 10 8 2 20 10

Sanaag 7 3 6 -02 25 5

Sool 6 -010 -0-03 4

Sahil 2 2 3 -04 -07

Togdheer 3 3 4 4 -0150 4

Chart 70: Number of Available Water Facilities by Region during 2007

72

Table 76: Boreholes and their Functional Status during 2009

Region Marood Jeex Awdal Sanaag Togdheer Sahil Sool Total Functioning 23 12 29 30 5 9 108 Not Functioning 13 2 6 10 2 9 42 Total 36 14 35 40 7 18 140

Source: Ministry of Water & Natural Resources.

Chart 71: Functioning and Not Functioning Boreholes in Somaliland during 2009

73

Table 77: Exchange Rate of $1 into Somaliland Shillings SH.

Sh.Sl

Year

Buying

Selling

2007

6,167

6,286

2008

6,094

6,168

2009

6,692

6,749

Chart 72: Exchange rate of $1 into Somaliland shillings SH.

74