Чи та ем к ниг и
Марина Могилко
Прокачай свой
английский
Реальная грамматика простым языком
УДК 004.7+811.111(075.4) Все права защищены.
ББК 32.973.202+81.2Англ-9 Никакая часть данной книги
М74 не может быть воспроизведена в какой бы
то ни было форме без письменного
разрешения владельцев авторских прав.
Могилко, Марина.
М74 Прокачай свой английский. Реальная грамматика простым язы-
ком / Марина Могилко. — Москва : Издательство АСТ, 2020. —
118 с. : ил. — (Сидим дома. Читаем книги).
ISBN 978-5-17-126869-5
Самое время прокачать свой английский и вместе с этим сде-
лать свою жизнь круче!
После изучения и выполнения всех заданий книги ты:
••говоришь и пишешь грамотно, как носитель языка;
автоматически используешь верные артикли, глаголы и кон-
струкции;
• понимаешь то, что никак не мог понять, и закрываешь пробе-
лы в знании английского.
Грамматика от популярного блогера, успешной предпринима-
тельницы и жительницы Кремниевой долины — Марины Могилко,
чью жизнь перевернула любовь к английскому языку.
2
ЧТО ТЕБЯ ЖДЕТ
3
1 ртикли:
А
наконец-то понятно
ТЕОРИЯ
Что это? Слова, которые используются перед существительными или их
эквивалентами. Артикли — это своего рода прилагательные в английском
языке.
4
Попробуй заменить в контексте THE на THIS. Если общий смысл
останется прежним, выбор артикля THE верный.
5
ZERO ARTICLE
6
ПРАКТИКА
Задание 1. Поставь артикль, если он необходим.
1) ____ person I met yesterday turned out to be a famous actor.
2) Last summer I travelled to ____ UK and it was the most amazing
trip ever.
3) My father is ____ chemistry teacher and he works at our local public
school.
4) His favorite holiday is _____ New Year’s Eve.
5) I’m such a grumpy person in ____ morning, until I have a coffee at
least.
6) _____ church can’t control the state, especially a secular one.
7) ____ Trumps are now the family in power in the USA.
8) I would love to get ____ new computer for my birthday.
9) In ____ 1930s many drastic changes in history happened.
10) Do you play _____ golf? I heard you have a really nice grip.
11) ____ privileged often can’t understand the struggles of less lucky
people.
12) When I was 6 I had ___ pet, it was a beautiful German Shepherd.
13) My boyfriend plays ____ banjo and likes country music.
14) On ___ Monday we all feel like the weekend didn’t even happen
at all.
15) She said, she missed me like ___ desert misses ___ rain.
16) Will there be ____ pool at the party?
17) Many people tried to conquer ____ Mount Everest, but not many
have succeeded.
18) The whole previous year was ___ complete disaster.
19) Children usually dislike going to ___ school, as they see no fun in
learning.
20) Have you met Dan? He’s ____ friend of mine, actually.
7
Задание 2. Напиши артикли к географическим объектам,
если они требуются.
8
_____ East Coast _____ Moscow
9
Задание 3. Исправь ошибки, допущенные в употреблении
артиклей.
1. The French kids go to the school when they are 6 – 7 years old.
2. Nick works for a same company as you do. Have you ever met?
3. Could you drop me off near theater? I’ll walk from there.
4. Who has the breakfast at 12pm? Is it even legal?
5. Richard Ramirez, a serial killer who terrorized the LA for a year,
was captured and put in the prison in 1985.
6. Mary said she was going to the bed as she was exhausted after
long day.
7. Which do you like more — the jazz or the blues?
8. I prefer travelling by a train but sometimes it is much faster to take
an airplane.
9. The actions speak louder than the words.
10. When in a Rome, do as Romans do.
10
2 уществительные —
С
исчисляемые,
неисчисляемые, или?..
ТЕОРИЯ
Некоторые существительные в английском языке могут быть как исчис-
ляемыми, так и неисчисляемыми. Есть ли при этом разница? Ещё какая!
И заключается она в конечном значении слова.
Например, слово time знакомо нам как «время». Но у него есть и вто-
рое значение — «раз»:
I have been to the USA three times. — Я был в США три раза.
11
CHICKEN Countable: курица как животное
My family has a chicken and some rabbits in our garden.
Uncountable: курица как блюдо, мясо
I prefer chicken over pork.
12
HAIR Countable: отдельные волоски
My dog’s hairs are all over the apartment!
Uncountable: волосы как собирательное
существительное
Monica has the shiniest hair I’ve ever seen on a girl.
13
QUALITY Countable: качество в значении «черта, свойство»
An employee must have such qualities as honesty and
open-mindedness.
Uncountable: качество как антоним к
«некачественный»
The quality of this Turkish fabric is exceptional.
14
SPEED Countable: определённая скорость
The shape of this car is made for higher speeds.
Uncountable: скорость как физическое явление
150 km/h is the maximum speed on this highway.
15
ПРАКТИКА
Задание 1. Сыграй в «Найди пару», где парой будет одно и
то же существительное в своих двух значениях — исчисля-
емое и неисчисляемое.
Countable Countable
A CHICKEN A GLASS
a meal a material
16
Uncountable Uncountable
IRON MEMORY
Countable Countable
A WORK A PAPER
Countable Countable
A LIGHT A SPEED
17
Uncountable Uncountable
WORK PAPER
Uncountable Uncountable
LIGHT SPEED
Countable Countable
A COFFEE A ROOM
18
Countable Countable
A LOVE A FAITH
a person a religion
Uncountable Uncountable
COFFEE ROOM
Uncountable Uncountable
LOVE FAITH
19
Задание 2. Выбери правильный вариант ответа.
1. Lucie and I share a lot of beautiful memories/memory together.
2. Whenever we go to a restaurant Kate always orders a chicken/
chicken as her main entrance. She is allergic to other types of
meat.
3. Christianity is a faith/faith that teaches people to love and protect
their dearest and nearest.
4. Her pictures are considered to be a work/work of art by many
critics.
5. This building is built from glass and iron/glasses and irons.
6. Kathie wants to improve her memory/memories as she needs to
learn a lot of stuff for exams by heart.
7. California has officially banned the use of plastic straws. Now
you will be offered reusable straws or straws made out of papers/
paper.
8. A chicken/chicken is a perfect farm animal which is easy to breed
and take care of.
9. I’d like a strong coffee/strong coffee and a sandwich, please.
10. There was some dim light/a dim light at the end of the tunnel.
11. Having lost his wife Daniel surrounded his kids with a love/love
and tenderness they needed.
12. This new hotel offers the visitors a big number of spacious rooms/
room with a stunning view.
13. This case caused such a public controversy and it got huge media
coverage in all papers/all paper.
14. The importance of Jill’s work/works for the benefit of your
company must be paramount.
15. Suzie believed that Mark was a love/love of her life until she met
Zac.
16. A light/light that was coming from the blinds woke me up.
17. Don’t worry, there’s still plenty of rooms/room in the suitcase.
18. Jack never lost a faith/faith in humanity even in his darkest
moments.
20
19. I can’t seem to find an iron/some iron in this hotel room. But I
can’t wear such a wrinkled dress.
20. The excessive consumption of coffees/coffee is dangerous for
your health.
21
3 Во множественном
нельзя в единственном —
pluralia tantum
и singularia tantum
ТЕОРИЯ
Звучит немного устрашающе, не правда ли? Не стоит пугаться латинских
названий этих подклассов существительных, так как за сложными имена-
ми скрывается простая суть.
SINGULARIA TANTUM
22
I had to make him give me pieces of information bit by bit. —
Мне пришлось заставить его выдавать мне информацию
по частям.
PLURALIA TANTUM
23
•• Существительные, у которых совпадают единственное и множе-
ственное число
means, head-quarters, series, crossroads, species, works,
barracks
•• Собирательные существительные
people, police, gentry, cattle, staff
•• Другие существительные
goods, customs, quarters, belongings, outskirts, suburbs,
the tropics, pros and cons, manners, guts, congratulations,
troops, clothes, arms, credentials, odds, surroundings
24
ПРАКТИКА
Задание 1. Выбери правильный вариант:
Yesterday I received some great news, which was/were a complete
shock for me. My boyfriend told me, that he bought 2 tickets to
the Netherlands/Netherland, and we are going to spend a week
there. It is an expensive country, but luckily money is/are not a
problem at the moment. Although, we’ll book an apartment in
the suburb/suburbs, as it’s cheaper. I’m excited to try all kinds
of local cheese/cheeses there, I even got advices/pieces of
advice from my friends, who have already been there. The people
are/is very friendly there, like most Europeans. It’s probably
going to rain, so I have to decide which cloth/clothes to take
with me — some comfy leggings is/are suitable for long walks.
We will definitely have a lot of fun/funs there!
25
4 П
рилагательные
на -ED и -ING.
В чем отличие?
ТЕОРИЯ
-ED и -ING широко известны как окончания английских глаголов во
временах Simple и Progressive. Но они также могут быть и окончания-
ми прилагательных, образованных от глаголов. Очень часто их употре-
бление вызывает трудности у тех, кто учит английский язык. Чтобы ра-
зобраться в этом, следует запомнить, для чего используется то или иное
окончание.
26
Если проводить параллель с русским языком, можно сказать, что оконча-
ние -ED — это пассивный залог, а -ING — английское причастие.
27
Другой интересный факт про прилагательные на -ing и -ed — так
как они образуются от глаголов, то сохраняют в себе определен-
ные их свойства. Какие? Прилагательные на -ed могут использо-
ваться с предлогами глаголов, от которых они образованы. Напри-
мер I’m interested IN something, she is worried ABOUT something…
Важно, что прилагательные с -ing такой особенности не имеют! И,
конечно, проверяй себя по словарю.
28
ПРАКТИКА
Задание 1. Выбери те глаголы, от которых можно образо-
вать прилагательные на -ED и -ING.
to forgive to work to worry
to play to annoy to relax
to fight to rest to fly
to throw to stun to order
to cook to entertain to die
to fascinate to shock to hide
to intimidate to run to amaze
to tire to spend to thrill
to interest to bring to learn
to inspire to astonish to mesmerize
to bore to predict to ride
29
Задание 3. Выбери правильный вариант ответа.
1. My children are never amusing/amused by clowns.
2. Working hard and still not getting any results can be frustrating/
frustrated.
3. This math class is so boring/bored!
4. Whenever Nancy feels depressed/depressing she always eats
some chocolate and takes a relaxing bath.
5. We all admitted that Elon Musk’s new idea is absolutely fascinated/
fascinating.
6. Jack has been giving me some mixed signs. That’s rather confusing/
confused.
7. The journey back home was more exhausting/exhausted than the
whole trip itself.
8. The plane began to move in a rather alarming/alarmed way.
9. Jackie gets easily frightening/frightened when she sees any kind
of insects.
10. Kids are really embarrassing/embarrassed when their parents
decide to show their baby photos.
11. My fiancée couldn’t be more exciting/excited as we were going to
Paris for our honeymoon.
12. I hate long flights, I’m always really boring/bored.
13. My daughter looked very surprising/surprised when I told her we
couldn’t go to Disneyland.
14. Mark’s new job is so tired/tiring. He can’t find any time for his
hobbies.
15. Have you heard the shocking/shocked news about the car crash?
30
5 редлоги времени:
П
ни секунды сомнений
ТЕОРИЯ
Что такое временные предлоги в английском языке? Они позволяют нам
очертить временные рамки, когда что‑либо произошло, происходит или
будет происходить. Это касается какой‑то даты, времени суток, месяца
и так далее. Предлоги времени также могут указывать на продолжитель-
ность этого действия.
AT •• время на часах
at 8 PM, at 6 o’clock
•• со словами night, midnight, sunrise, sunset, dawn
•• co словом weekend (UK English)
•• со словами moment, minute
at that moment, at the minute
•• со словами beginning и end, обязательно с of
at the end of the week
•• приёмы пищи
at breakfast, at dinner
•• праздники, без слова day в названии
at Christmas, at Easter
31
IN •• время суток (исключение: at night)
in the morning, in the afternoon
•• месяцы и время года
in August, in winter
•• годы, десятилетия, века
in 1995, in the 90s, in the 15th century
•• семестры, триместры, кварталы
in the first semester
•• школьные, университетские годы/курсы
in my 1st university year, in the 7th grade
•• в значении «за какое время»
I’ll easily do this in an hour.
•• в значении «через какое-то время»
I’ll start doing this in 30 minutes.
ON •• дни недели
on Sunday, on Sunday evening
•• даты
on the 4th of July; on September, 5
•• праздники, в названии которых есть слово day
on my birthday,
НО at birthday party
•• со словом day
on this day in history
•• co словом weekend (US English)
•• со словом vacation
•• on holidays (UK English)
32
Следующие предлоги употребляются, чтобы показать, что действие про-
должается какое-то время (без указания начала и конца), оно заверши-
лось или длится с какого-то момента в прошлом.
33
ПРАКТИКА
Задание 1. Подбери к словам подходящие для них предло-
ги времени, если они требуются.
Monday
(the) morning
IN
lunch
birthday celebration
20th of October
LinguaTrip intensive course
AT next Saturday
vacation in the USA
dawn
her sophomore year
ON 7 o’clock in the morning
weekend
Friday evening
every Christmas
34
8. Jack is taking his first singing class in Tuesday afternoon.
9. Kate rescheduled her English exam and now it’ll take place at 7th
of May.
10. I only see my parents-in-law at Thanksgiving.
35
6 П
редлоги места: at, on
или что-то посложнее?
ТЕОРИЯ
С предлогами времени мы разобрались, пора перейти к теме, которая
неразрывно связана с предыдущей, — это предлоги места. Если предло-
ги времени отвечают на вопрос КОГДА, то предлоги места — на вопрос,
ГДЕ происходит то или иное действие.
IN •• объект находится
в пределах какого-
либо замкнутого
пространства, попробуй подставить слово
абстрактного или building (здание) к месту
конкретного событий — если оно
in the box, in the car, in звучит органично и не даёт
the film избыточности, скорее всего,
следует использовать предлог
•• названия сторон света
IN.
in the North, in the South
•• города и страны
in New York, in Russia
36
ON •• объект находится на
поверхности
lying on the table, sitting
on the sofa
•• объект находится на
берегу чего-либо
on the coast, on the
shore, on the beach
•• объект находится на
дороге
on my way, on this path,
on the road
•• объект находится
в общественном
транспорте
on the train, on the bus
•• объект находится на
этаже
on the 5th floor
•• разные стороны
on the left/right
•• по ТВ, радио
on the TV, on the radio
37
ABOVE находиться выше определённого уровня
«11 km above sea level»
«the clouds above us»
38
ПРАКТИКА
Задание 1. Вставь предлоги в рассказ. Каждый предлог мо-
жет быть использован только один раз.
39
6. Mr Smith’s office is _____ the 10th floor.
7. There is a cute artisan shop ____ this street but it is closed _____ the
weekend.
8. There might be both heavy rain and snowfall ____ Russia ____
December.
9. How different do you think the life will be ____ the 22nd century?
10. I’ve been waiting for you____ an hour ____ the train station. Where
are you?
11. Parents are not allowed to wait for their kids ____ school. They
should gather outside.
12. CVS, the nearest drug store, is ____ the end of the road ____ the left.
13. Don’t believe everything you see ___ TV.
14. First, our train arrived ____ France and 4 hours later we were ____
Portugal.
15. I need to be ___ NYC ___ tomorrow morning. I have a meeting there
____ the 5th Avenue.
16. The choice of appetizers was wide but there were no desserts ____
the menu.
17. I can’t hear you, I am ___ the bus.
18. There was a fire ____ our office building yesterday.
19. — Where are the kids?
— They are already ____ school.
20. Get ____ the car and let’s get going!
40
7 рилагательные
П
с предлогами
ТЕОРИЯ
Тебе уже известно, что прилагательные используются для описания ка-
честв и свойств людей, вещей, каких‑либо мест — любых слов, которые
относятся к существительным.
В английском языке такой трюк не пройдёт, так как это другой тип язы-
ка. Здесь нет окончаний, способных показать эту связь. Именно поэтому
в английском языке предлоги играют гораздо большую роль, чем в рус-
ском. Например:
Даже если в русском языке есть такой предлог, не всегда он будет до-
словно повторяться в английском словосочетании.
41
Например:
42
WITH to be angry with — злиться на кого-то
to be (dis)satisfied with — быть (не)довольным чем-то
to be pleased with — быть довольным чем-то
to be bored with — скучать из-за чего-то (от слова «скучно»)
to be associated with — ассоциироваться с чем-то
to be blessed with — быть награждённым/благословлённым
чем-то
TO to be married to — быть замужем за кем-то/женатым на ком-то
to be friendly to — быть приветливым по отношению к кому-то
to be similar to — быть похожим на что-то/кого-то
to be rude to — быть грубым по отношению к кому-то
to be allergic to — иметь аллергию на что-то
to be related to — относиться к чему-то (в значении «связь»)
to be used to — быть привыкшим к чему-то
BY to be amazed/shocked/impressed/fascinated/inspired... by —
здесь мы можем использовать почти все прилагательные,
которые выражают эмоции и образованы от глаголов в
пассивном залоге.
43
ПРАКТИКА
Задание 1. Подбери к предлогам подходящие прилагатель-
ные.
AT
IN bad (плохо уметь что-то делать), ashamed, based,
afraid, involved, keen, envious, accused, aware, tired,
ON interested, surprised, fond, disappointed, angry (злить-
OF ся на кого-то), proud, experienced, certain, lucky,
related, hooked, prepared, capable, guilty, responsible,
FOR grateful, jealous, famous, rude, good (быть полез-
WITH ным), associated, amazed, allergic, sorry, angry (злить-
ся на какую-либо ситуацию), pleased, married, bored,
TO similar, used
BY
44
10) People should not be ashamed _____ their bodies, skin color or
preferences. We are all different.
11) I was completely shocked ____ her behaviour last evening. She was
out of control!
12) Being allergic ____ cow milk can make people switch to non-dairy
options, such as soy or almond milk.
13) My friend is married ____ her childhood love, isn’t that cute?
14) Last night I missed my flight to NY and I was so angry ____ it!
15) Many people have a fear of their parents being disappointed ____
them, which leads to a lack of happiness.
16) The service in that hotel was nice, and I was satisfied ____ the
conditions too.
17) My coworkers are always friendly _____ me, it’s a pleasure to work in
a healthy environment.
18) All nowadays smartphones are so similar ____ each other in terms
of design.
19) Sorry, I’m not particularly interested ____ this genre of music. Can
we go to another concert?
20) Teenagers always have idols or role models among celebrities,
which they are fascinated ____.
45
8. When I announced to him that he was fired I wasn’t aware at what
he was going through.
9. Never be jealous at your friend’s success. You should be proud at
them and support them.
10. Jane was surprised about our upcoming trip to Chicago.
46
8 П
рилагательное
или наречие —
вот в чем вопрос
ТЕОРИЯ
Как и в русском языке, в английском также есть прилагательные и наре-
чия. Прилагательные описывают существительные (какой?), а наречия —
глаголы, прилагательные и другие наречия (как, каким образом?).
glad — gladly
nice — nicely
loud — loudly
light — lightly
beautiful — beautifully
crazy — crazily
simple — simply
47
FACT 2 — исключения есть и здесь. Наречия и прилагательные, у кото-
рых совпадает форма:
ПРИЛАГАТЕЛЬНОЕ используется
48
НАРЕЧИЕ используется
49
ПРАКТИКА
Задание 1. Заполни пропуски наречиями или прилагатель-
ными, подходящими по смыслу.
careful/carefully, quick/quickly, happy/happily, well/good, terrible/
terribly, tidy/tidily, obvious/obviously
50
Задание 2. Замени выражения в скобках на подходящие по
смыслу наречия.
(In a rough way of) speaking, it’ll take you 10 thousand hours to
acquire a new skill. It won’t be enough to practice (one time)
or (two times). Moreover, in order to keep your skill at a decent
level you’ll have to (at all times) train. You’ll need to practice (in
a thorough way) and (in a diligent way). At first, it’ll seem that you
do everything (in an awful way) but (not in much time) you’ll notice
how your skills improve over time. People who are (to an extreme
degree) talented might need less time to master a new skill but
overall, nothing good is achieved (with big speed).
51
9 нглийские времена
А
и их значение
ТЕОРИЯ
В английском языке много времён — целых 12. Все их можно разде-
лить на три категории: прошедшее (Past), настоящее (Present) и буду-
щее (Future), как и в любом языке. В свою очередь, каждая из этих групп
имеет такие аспекты, как simple, progressive, perfect и perfect progressive.
Tenses (грамматические времена) показывают, как действие соотносится
со временем, какая у него продолжительность, закончилось ли оно к мо-
менту речи или же начнётся только в будущем. Мы также можем подчер-
кнуть его запланированность и другие детали, всего лишь выбрав грам-
матически верное время.
В английском языке только две формы могут образовываться полностью
при помощи самого глагола: Simple Past и Present (he writes, he wrote).
Чтобы образовать все остальные формы, нам потребуются вспомогатель-
ные слова (auxiliary verbs): be, have, will.
Не всегда просто учить времена неродного языка, ведь у каждого языка
есть свои нюансы, которые появились много столетий назад. Зачастую
эти особенности обусловлены также мышлением людей, которые гово-
рят на том или ином языке.
Например, для русского человека Present Perfect — это прошедшее вре-
мя, которое мы и переводим соответствующе. А вот для носителей ан-
глийского языка оно означает действие, которое, хотя и началось в про-
шлом, но продолжается до сих пор, а значит — это очень даже Present.
Именно поэтому не стоит пытаться дословно переводить фразу с рус-
ского на английский язык. Важный навык — это сразу думать как носи-
тель языка и учитывать все аспекты употребления.
Давай теперь разберёмся, когда же используется то или иное время в
английском языке.
SIMPLE TENSES
Это самый первый тип времён, который учит любой человек, решив-
ший овладеть языком. Он самый многогранный и часто используемый.
Всё гениальное просто — это выражение как нельзя кстати применимо
к Simple Tenses.
Мы используем времена Simple для описания фактов, регулярных дей-
ствий, привычек, обещаний (с will), каких-либо предположений о буду-
щем (также с will), однократных действий в прошлом.
52
Past Simple:
I visited my aunt in the hospital yesterday.
— Вчера я навестил мою тётю в больнице.
Present Simple:
I visit my aunt in the hospital today.
— Я навещаю мою тётю в больнице сегодня.
Future Simple:
I will visit my aunt in the hospital tomorrow. Promise!
— Я навещу тётю в больнице завтра. Обещаю!
PROGRESSIVE TENSES
Past Progressive:
I was studying in the morning yesterday.
— Вчера я утром занимался учёбой.
Present Progressive:
I am studying at the moment.
— В данный момент я занимаюсь учёбой.
Future Progressive:
I will be studying all day long tomorrow.
— Я буду заниматься учёбой весь день завтра.
53
PERFECT TENSES
Во временах Perfect обычно путаются чаще всего, и это неспроста. Взгля-
ни на примеры — выглядит гораздо сложнее, чем всё, что было до этого.
Past Perfect:
I had bought a new car before I realized I got broke.
— Я купил новую машину до того, как осознал, что я на мели.
Действие произошло в прошлом перед другим действием. Past Perfect
обычно используется в связке с Past Simple, чтобы показать цепочку со-
бытий.
Present Perfect:
I have bought a new car and now I drive it every day.
— Я купил новую машину и теперь езжу на ней каждый день.
Действие началось в прошлом и до сих пор продолжается.
Future Perfect:
I will have bought a new car by 2021.
— Я куплю новую машину до 2021 года.
Действие завершится/будет сделано в будущем к какому-то известному
моменту. Акцент снова на результате, а не на длительности действия, ка-
кой бы она ни была.
54
Не правда ли, звучит знакомо? Где-то мы это уже видели… А вот где!
VERB
PAST PRESENT FUTURE
TENSES
September a lot.
for two days before for the whole week. raining for three
PERFECT
55
ПРАКТИКА
Задание 1. Поставьте глаголы в скобках в правильную форму
1. I promise, I _____ (to finish) this task tomorrow. No need to worry!
2. I_____ (to write) you a letter, but you never read it.
3. She _____ (to rush) to the history class when she saw me.
4. My friends _____ (to study) English since they were in kindergarten.
5. I ______ (to offer) you a nice opportunity now, don’t miss it.
6. By the year 2025 my daughter ______ (to graduate) high school.
7. M
y parents ______ (to give) me so much in my life, I couldn’t be more
thankful for that.
8. J ack _____ (to learn) how to start fire before he went camping with
his girlfriend.
9. I ______ (to make) a cup of coffee every morning and drink it while
reading a newspaper.
10. You ______ (to do) a great job, well done!
56
9. I think I (take) a gap year after my graduation.
10. Mike (complete) his studies in 2017 and (get) his diploma.
11. He (not choose) where he (want) to work yet.
12. The school bus (arrive) at 6:30pm every evening.
13. Judy hopes that she (finish) her work by 6:30pm tomorrow.
14. George (do) a school report when suddenly the lights went out.
15. It (snow) all night and that’s why I had to take a taxi to get to work.
57
10 Косвенная речь
ТЕОРИЯ
В английском языке как и в русском речь бывает прямая и косвенная.
Прямая речь — это то, что обычно встречается нам в диалогах:
Это яркий пример прямой речи, так как оба говорящих высказывают
СВОИ собственные мысли здесь и сейчас. Это не чье-то мнение, кото-
рое они обсуждают в разговоре, это то, как они сами думают, или что
они хотят узнать, задавая вопрос. Мы видим или слышим это так, как это
было произнесено, из первых уст.
He asked me, how I was doing. I said that I was doing pretty
well and couldn’t complain. — Он спросил меня, как у меня
дела. Я сказал что неплохо, не жалуюсь.
58
Здесь все довольно просто. Трудности начинаются тогда, когда мы гово-
рим “He said…”, то есть ставим глагол в главном предложении в прошед-
шую форму. Тогда время в придаточном предложении тоже изменится.
59
Но, английский не был бы английским, если бы у него не было чего?
Правильно, исключений!
THESE THOSE
NOW THEN
HERE THERE
AGO BEFORE
LAST... PREVIOUS...
Например:
60
Не забывай также о том, что в косвенной речи мы меняем личные и при-
тяжательные местоимения, ведь нам нужно учитывать их согласование:
61
ПРАКТИКА
Задание 1. Преобразуй прямую речь в косвенную в про-
шедшем времени по образцу:
62
Задание 3. Подбери к словам из прямой речи их аналоги
в косвенной.
63
11 лаголы
Г
с герундием
и инфинитивом
ТЕОРИЯ
А ты знаешь разницу между I like doing something и I like to do something?
Stop doing something и stop to do something? Try doing something и try
to do something? Если нет, этот урок специально для тебя. :-)
Всё совсем просто! В английском языке есть две такие формулы сочета-
ний глаголов с отглагольными формами:
64
Только с герундием/V-ing:
Hate, like, love and prefer могут употребляться как в сочетании с -ing, так
и с to-infinitive. Разница в значении обычно минимальная. Форма -ing
обычно акцентирует внимание на самом действии. To-infinitive больше
подчеркивает, что, например, ты любишь/ненавидишь именно это дей-
ствие, а не какое-то другое или его результат.
65
Перейдём к коварным глаголам, которые меняют своё значение в зависимости от типа конструкции.
V-ing
остановки (безличное) та) (безличное)
66
действию сделать например что-то сделать что-то сделать
вспомнить сделать, сделать
о чём-то сделать
to + INF
важном нарочно
ПРАКТИКА
Задание 1. Поставь глагол в скобках в правильную форму и
ответь на вопросы.
1) Do you fancy ____ (go out) with friends often? Why or why not?
2) Would you ever agree ____ (swim) with crocodiles for $1 million?
3) Do you mind ____ (help) other students during a test or exam?
4) Would you prefer ____ (travel) to Asian countries or European ones?
5) Do you imagine ____ (live) a better life or you are happy with your
life right now?
6) Do you avoid ____ (make) mistakes or you have not troubles with
accepting a possible failure?
7) Do you hope ____ (become) famous one day?
8) Do you often forget ____ (do) what you’ve been asked to do?
9) Would you consider ____ (move) to another country?
10) Do you want ____ (take) an English course any time soon?
11) Is there anything you expect ____ (happen) this year?
12) Once you finish ____ (read) this grammar book, how do you think it
will affect your level of language?
13) Would you choose ____ (study) languages or something related to
IT? Or neither? Why?
14) Do you dislike ____ (be) around loud and expressive people?
15) Are there any exercises you practise _____ (do) every day in order to
make your English better?
67
Задание 2. Исправь ошибки в следующих предложениях.
1. Mark agreed taking on this job on condition he was entitled to
paid sick leave.
2. Sarah didn’t really fancy go to that new restaurant as she heard
some dubious opinions about it.
3. Dad promised follow his dietary requirements but still overdid at
dinner.
4. I refused to applying for a job as a publisher because I had little
educational and employment experience.
5. My boyfriend chose paying for me at the cafe.
6. Lucas denied to have been fired for failing at his previous job.
7. My employee expected being given a raise but I dismissed him
instead.
8. My boss wanted give me a sack so I handed in my notice voluntarily.
9. We hoped visiting that new Italian restaurant with impeccable
service and courteous stuff.
10. Some people tend to avoid to take an early retirement.
11. I felt like serve the beef with gravy but then I changed my mind.
12. Nick gave up at working overtime even though his company was
losing the established reputation.
13. Jack didn’t mind to drink as he was never really teetotal.
14. Although Steven admitted to be not very well-suited to the job, I
hired him anyway.
15. My new position involves to taking various qualification courses
every other year.
68
Задание 3. Выбери правильную форму (to + инфинитив гла-
гола или ing-окончание) в зависимости от значения глагола.
1. I think I’ll never forget (to meet) the love of my life for the first
time.
2. Lucie, please don›t forget (to pick up) Stacy at the train station at
10 am.
3. I need to remember (to warn) Suzie about the cancelation of our
meeting.
4. Nick didn›t remember (to visit) this museum when he was a child.
5. You will regret (to waste) money on things instead of memories
when you’re older.
6. We regret (to inform) you that your application has been rejected.
7. We went on (to read) about the Renaissance period till the next
class.
8. The teacher said we had little time left so we had to go on (to read)
the next chapter.
9. I love car road trips! You can stop (to admire) the scenery whenever
you want.
10. John stopped (to smoke) ages ago.
11. Have you tried (to count) sheep to fall asleep? Some people say
it’s helpful.
12. I’ve been trying (to reach) her at her cell phone, but the line is still
busy.
13. Even if it means (to sacrifice) my career, I’m all ready for it.
14. John has been meaning (to propose) to Sarah for ages but he can’t
find the perfect moment.
69
12 Т
акая важная разница
между DO и MAKE
ТЕОРИЯ
Устойчивых словосочетаний с этими словами в английском языке хоть
отбавляй, а вот их употребление порой ставит в тупик даже тех, кто уже
давно не Elementary. Возможно, такая же проблема возникает и у тебя
время от времени. :-)
70
Наиболее распространённые словосочетания с DO:
do the shopping — ходить за покупками, заниматься шопингом
do the work — выполнять/делать работу
do the dishes — мыть посуду
do business — заниматься бизнесом
do a great/poor/awesome job — сделать хорошую/плохую/великолепную
работу
do a report — сделать отчёт
do something/anything — сделать что-то
do good/bad — приносить пользу/вред
do your best — сделать лучшее, на что способен/постараться изо всех сил
do an exam — сдавать экзамен
do your hair — сделать прическу
do damage — приносить ущерб/наносить вред
do harm — приносить ущерб/наносить вред
do your duty — выполнять долг
do a course — проходить курс
do research — проводить исследование
do a favour — сделать одолжение
Словосочетания с MAKE:
make breakfast/dinner/lunch — приготовить завтрак/ужин/обед
make a sandwich — сделать бутерброд
make some tea — заварить/сделать чай
make money — зарабатывать деньги
make friends — заводить друзей
make up something — придумывать что-либо
make a call — сделать звонок
make a joke — рассказать шутку
make an excuse — привести оправдание
make a promise — обещать что-то
make a fuss — поднимать шум/суетиться
make sure — удостовериться
make a list — составить список
make progress — совершить прогресс
make a mistake — сделать ошибку
make a choice/decision — принять решение
make an exception — сделать исключение
make a difference — привнести вклад
make up your mind — определиться
make a sound — издать звук
make an appointment — назначать встречу, запись
make an attempt — сделать попытку
make a discovery — сделать открытие
make fun of something — высмеивать что-либо
make friends — заводить друзей
make the bed — застилать кровать
71
Также эти глаголы могут употребляться в таком виде:
I’ll do the lawn, and you’ll do the dishes. = I’ll mow the lawn
and you’ll wash the dishes.
— Я постригу газон, а ты помоешь посуду.
Например:
— Can you make a sandwich for me?
— I’ll do it a little bit later.
72
ПРАКТИКА
Задание 1. Найди и слова, употребляющиеся с MAKE/DO.
Отнеси их к нужной группе, а затем проверь себя. (В кросс-
ворде слова без артиклей)
Y R X D E H N T P F E M N S R
R M E R A M R O A X I A U D E
E B U R N O S V I S N V F N S
V S M Q P D O H T T I G S E E
O B Z E S U T A U L P S S I A
C U R T R S K I P F E E O R R
S B M D K E M R R N C B C F C
I P T N E M T N I O P P A X H
D T R E X C U S E C A L L B E
D A P O I R U K G F S D R D C
K O M M G B S H O P P I N G O
R E O A E R E S I M O R P N U
O B X G G T E M O B D J V U R
W T O A I E T S A E T S C J S
N O M J M N B A S D N U O S E
73
Задание 2. Вставь подходящие по смыслу слова, сочетаю-
щиеся с глаголами DO или MAKE.
1. Mary, you should work harder and do your ____ if you want to be
promoted.
2. What are the ____ you do around the house? I clean the bathroom
and the kitchen, vacuum and prepare breakfast in the morning.
3. If you keep making such stupid ____ in your assignments, you’ll be
poorly graded this semester.
4. Speaking English is essential if you want to do ____ with international
companies.
5. When we were little, we made a pinky _____ with my best friend that
we would marry on the same day.
6. Scientists are currently doing ___ on this new virus.
7. If I were you, I’d call a dentist and make an _____ as soon as possible.
8. Our apartment was flooded by our neighbors from above and the
water did a lot of ____ to all our furniture.
9. Shoot, mom made a _____ of things to buy but I think I left it at
home.
10. I’m sorry to admit it but the whole class did such a poor ____ at the
test last week. No one managed to get at least B.
11. Sorry, I cannot hear anything in here. I’ll go outside to make a ____
with my colleague.
12. What _____ are you going to do this fall semester?
13. Anne made good _____ with her computer programming skills. She
is good at C and Python and she isn’t planning to stop.
14. Don’t worry, it won’t do any ____ to anyone if we keep this story a
secret.
15. I was assigned to do a ____ about the local environmental community
for our school newspaper.
74
Задание 3. Заполни пропуски глаголом DO или MAKE.
1. Eating more plant based food will _____ you only good.
2. Lucie spends so much time ____ her hair, I hate waiting for her.
3. I’ll ____ you some tea and you’ll calm down, everything is going to
be fine, my darling.
4. They ____ several attempts to restore the files but everything was
in vain.
5. Although Josh didn’t score enough on his SATs the admission
committee ____ an exception and accepted him.
6. Karen’s boyfriend ____ such nasty jokes about her friends. I don’t
get it.
7. Sometimes girls who are on a diet are so obsessed with counting
calories. Relax, one tiny piece of cake won’t ____ you any harm.
8. When Dad ___ the shopping, he always forgets to buy sweets.
9. I tried not to _____ a sound when I was entering my room so my
parents wouldn’t notice I had sneaked out.
10. Cris ___ sure everything was set for the guests’ arrival.
11. The main reason why I enjoy travelling is the opportunity to _____
new friends.
12. British scientists have recently ____ a discovery that is going to
shock everyone!
13. Could you ____ me a favor and watch the kids tonight? I want to go
out with my school friends.
14. If you ____ the dishes, I’ll clean the bathroom.
15. Cutting down on sugar ____ a significant difference in my diet.
75
13 Н
улевое
и первое условное,
так ли все просто?
ТЕОРИЯ
Условные предложения нулевого типа
(общеизвестные факты)
Случаи употребления:
1. Законы природы
76
The lights turn on if you press this button. — Свет включается,
когда нажимаешь эту кнопку.
77
— Если Карл выпьет вечером кофе, он не заснёт
(но в некоторых случаях он может заснуть, потому что кофе
не всегда нарушает сон).
You will enter Stanford if you pass your SATs with flying colors
(but it is not 100% guaranteed as there might also be other
requirements from the university).
— Ты поступишь в Стэнфорд, если сдашь отборочные тесты
с отличием (но это не стопроцентная гарантия, так как могут
быть и другие требования университета).
If you need any help, just call me and I’ll be right by your side.
— Если тебе нужна какая‑то помощь, просто позвони мне,
и я тут же буду рядом.
You will injure yourself if you don’t follow the safety rules.
— Ты поранишься, если не будешь соблюдать меры
безопасности.
78
ПРАКТИКА
Задание 1. Соедини по смыслу части предложений с пер-
вым или нулевым условным.
79
9. Will you sell your car if you will need money?
10. Nick can’t stand any mess. If the house isn’t clean, he will easily
get annoyed.
80
14 Второе и третье
условное —
простор для
воображения
ТЕОРИЯ
Условные предложения 2-ого типа
(нереальные события в настоящем и будущем)
81
Случаи употребления
1. Описание нереальных воображаемых ситуаций в настоящем или бу-
дущем
2. Советы
If Kathie wanted to see that band, I could get you two tickets.
— Если бы Кэти хотела увидеть эту группу, я мог бы достать
вам обоим билеты.
82
Условные предложения 3-го типа
(нереальные события в прошлом)
Случаи употребления:
83
You could have travelled to Italy last year if you hadn’t splurged
all your money on a new Iphone (but you wasted all the money
and you couldn’t afford going to Italy).
— В прошлом году ты мог бы путешествовать по Италии, если
бы ты не выкинул все свои деньги на новый Айфон.
3. Сожаления о прошлом
84
ПРАКТИКА
Задание 1. Расставь «плашки» по порядку.
очему употреблено 2 или 3 условное в каждом из этих
П
случаев?
...I’d be the happiest ...we would travel to ...I’d still never ask my
person. If we had all countries. If I was in friends for money. If
enough money... debt... Jack wanted to enter a
university...
...he’d study IT- ...if only you had let ...I wouldn’t go there,
engineering. I would me. If I were you... it’s dangerous. If I had
have helped you... invested the money
back then… .
...I would have been ...you would not act so ....I would have
rich by now. If you reckless. If I had had finished that test
cared about me... more time, completely. I would
have known about the
homework...
...if she had told me. ...it would definitely ...if I had had some
If my parents had be a girl. I might have savings. Jenna would
another child... bought a new car... find a better job...
...if she knew English. ...if you bought me a ...if only I had left
This would be a great new phone. She could her my number. If the
present... have called me... Beatles had never
existed...
...many other popular ...if you mowed the ...we wouldn’t have
bands wouldn’t have lawn instead of me. If ended up in this
formed. I would gladly you had listened to situation then. If I was
do the dishes... me... 5 again...
...I would just enjoy ...if I hadn’t cheated so ...if I asked her to
a life without a single obviously. She would marry me. If I could go
worry. My teacher probably refuse... to my favorite band’s
would have given me a concert...
good mark....
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Задание 2. Прочитай следующие заголовки и составь ус-
ловные предложения для каждого из них.
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Задание 3. Исправь ошибки в следующих предложениях.
1. Kathy is leaving school this year. If she won’t work harder, she
won’t pass her exams.
2. I think something is wrong with Jill. If everything had been okay,
she would call me.
3. If Mike doesn’t go to the party tomorrow, I won’t go either.
4. If our baby slept better last night, my wife wouldn’t have been
so tired this morning.
5. Marcus is really busy with his work now. If Marcus had had more
free time, he would travel more.
6. You will be so tired tomorrow morning if you won’t go to bed
now.
7. I am perfectly fine without a car, I use public transport to
commute to my university. If I wanted to buy a car, I will buy one.
8. Miriam has moved to Italy. If she didn’t learn Italian in advance,
she would have had difficulties in her first months in Italy.
9. When I drink coffee, I will always get a headache.
10. If the children are asleep, I would be able to read a little. But
they won’t go to bed.
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15 С
мешанное
условное наклонение
ТЕОРИЯ
Смешанный тип условных предложений
(mixed conditionals)
2 тип 3 тип
(условие, относящееся (результат, относящийся
к настоящему/будущему) к прошлому)
1. If I had someone to help me with 1. I would have gone out with my
all the chores (I live alone and no friends yesterday (I had to stay at
one helps me with house work), home and do the chores instead
of hanging out with my friends).
2. If you were more proactive
(but you are passive), 2. you would have asked that girl
out ages ago (you still haven’t
3. If I wasn’t leaving tomorrow done it yet).
(I have a plane ticket and I am
going on vacation), 3. I would have come over
yesterday and have helped you
fix your car (but I didn’t come
over and didn’t help fix the car).
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3 тип 2 тип
(условие, относящееся (результат, относящийся
к прошлому) к настоящему/будущему)
1. If Nick had thought through the 1. we wouldn’t be searching for
whole journey (but he didn’t do a place to stay now (we are
it in advance), searching for a place to stay right
now).
2. If Venya hadn’t taken up learning
English (but he started learning 2. he wouldn’t be where he is today
English a long time ago), now (but he is successful now).
3. If you had gotten that job 3. we would be packing our house
(but you didn’t get it), for a move next week (we are not
doing it next week).
2 тип 1 тип
(условие, относящееся (результат, относящийся
к прошлому) к настоящему/будущему)
1. If she came back late last night, 1. she won’t come to classes today.
2. If you did all the homework, 2. you won’t have problems at test
tomorrow.
3. If he drank all the juice,
3. I’ll be so mad at him.
If she came back late last night, she won’t come to classes
today. — Если она вернулась вчера поздно вечером, сегодня
не придет на уроки.
Сложнее ситуация там, где стоят вместе 2 и 3 тип, потому что… их можно
ещё и менять местами! Важно понять, что стоит в прошлом, а что — в на-
стоящем. Давай в этом разберёмся на примерах.
If you were more proactive you would have asked that girl out
ages ago — Если бы ты был не таким пассивным, ты бы давно
пригласил эту девушку на свидание.
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В этом случае мы видим, что условие (пассивность) у нас в настоящем
времени, так как это качество человека. Он пассивный в принципе, это
нечто постоянное. Даже несмотря на то, что мы употребляем глагол to
be в Past Simple (If you were…). Мы берём конструкцию для условия из
2 типа условных предложений.
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ПРАКТИКА
Задание 1. Определи, какая часть предложения относится
к настоящему времени, а какая к прошедшему.
1. If I hadn’t met you back then. I would have a different life now.
2. If you were a more responsible person, you would have notified
me.
3. This could have bad consequenses, if we hadn’t reacted in time.
4. If I had quit my job. I would not have money to travel.
5. I would have learned German if I had more time for that.
6. If I were a better student. I would not have failed the exam.
7. If you hadn’t behaved so bad last night, we wouldn’t be in an
argument.
8. I would have gone hiking, if I had more energy.
9. I could be a teacher, if I had chosen to study in a university.
10. He might have become a designer, if he were more creative.
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16 Ч
ем заменить IF?
(Unless, provided that,
supposing, etc)
ТЕОРИЯ
Тип
условных
Слово Пример
пред-
ложений
When 0 When we drink coffee, our blood pressure
rises — Когда мы пьем кофе, наше
кровяное давление повышается.
Unless 0, 1 Unless he loved her, he wouldn’t sacrifice
(=if not ) his career for her — Если бы он ее не
любил, он не стал бы жертвовать ради
нее своей карьерой.
Providing/ 1 Providing I have enough money, I will chip
provided on a present for Natalie — При условии,
( that ) что у меня будет достаточно денег, я
скинусь на подарок для Нэтали.
So/as 0, 1 So/as long as you promise to quit binge-
long as watching Netflix, I will pay for your
subscription — Пока/до тех пор, пока
ты обещаешь перестать непрерывно
смотреть Нетфликс, я буду платить за
твою подписку.
Suppose/ 1, 2 Suppose he popped you a question, would
supposing and 3 you say yes? — Представь, он сделал тебе
предложение, ты бы согласилась?
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But for 2 and 3 But for his help, I would have failed that
test (if he hadn’t helped me) — Если бы не
его помощь, я бы провалила этот тест.
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ПРАКТИКА
Задание 1. Заполни пропуски
1) ____ you are my mom, you can’t tell me what to do.
2) I believe ____ he can do it, you can do it too.
3) _____ emergency, please stay calm and follow the instructions.
4) _____ you had a million dollars, how would you spend it?
5) I don’t care who my friends are _____ they support me.
6) ____ my parents’ money, I wouldn’t have entered a prestigious
university.
7) Don’t bother me _____ we’ll end up in a fight.
8) I’ll tell you his secret on _____ that you don›t tell anyone else.
9) ____ he is lying, how would you prove that?
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9. We’ll buy you a new phone as long as/in case of you pass your
exams with flying colors.
10. Suppose/Providing you were fired, would you be able to support
your family financially for at least 6 months?
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Ответы
Глава 1
Задание 1: 1) The 2) the 3) a 4)— 5) the 6)— 7) The 8) a 9) the 10)—.
11) The 12) a 13)— 14)— 15) the, the 16) a 17)— 18) a 19)— 20) a
Задание 2: Lake Baikal, Africa, California, the Sahara Desert, the Pacific
Ocean, the Netherlands, Asia, London, the East Coast, Moscow, the
Mediterranean Sea, the USA, Germany, Europe, the River Thames
Задание 3:
1. French kids go to school when they are 6 – 7 years old.
2. Nick works for the same company as you do. Have you ever met?
3. Could you drop me off near the theater? I’ll walk from there.
4. Who has breakfast at 12pm? Is it even legal?
5. Richard Ramirez, a serial killer who terrorized LA for a year, was
captured and put in prison in 1985.
6. Mary said she was going to bed as she was exhausted after a long
day.
7. Which do you like more — jazz or blues?
8. I prefer travelling by train but sometimes it is much faster to take
an airplane.
9. Actions speak louder than words.
10. When in Rome, do as the Romans do.
Глава 2.
Задание 2:
1. Lucie and I share a lot of beautiful memories together.
2. Whenever we go to a restaurant Kate always orders chicken as her
main entrance. She is allergic to other types of meat.
3. Christianity is a faith that teaches people to love and protect their
dearest and nearest.
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4. Her pictures are considered to be a work of art by many critics.
5. This building is built from pure glass and iron.
6. Kathie wants to improve her memory as she needs to learn a lot of
stuff for exams by heart.
7. California has officially banned the use of plastic straws. Now you
will be offered reusable straws or straws made out of paper.
8. A chicken is a perfect farm animal which is easy to breed and take
care of.
9. I’d like a strong coffee and a sandwich, please.
10. There was some dim light / a dim light at the end of the tunnel (оба
варианта могут быть верны).
11. Having lost his wife Daniel surrounded his kids with love and
tenderness they needed.
12. This new hotel offers the visitors a big number of spacious rooms
with a stunning view.
13. This case caused such a public controversy and it got huge media
coverage in all papers.
14. The importance of Jill’s work for the benefit of your company must
be paramount.
15. Suzie believed that Mark was a love of her life until she met Zac.
16. Light that was coming from the blinds woke me up.
17. Don’t worry, there’s still plenty of room in the suitcase.
18. Jack never lost faith in humanity even in his darkest moments.
19. I can’t seem to find an iron in this hotel room. But I can’t wear such
a wrinkled dress.
20. The excessive consumption of coffee is dangerous for your health.
Задание 3:
1. There are fewer fruits in this picture than in the other.
2. The secretary didn’t provide us with much information.
3. Even after the final brainstorm, we made few changes to our project.
4. I think you should cut down on the amount of milk you consume.
5. Do you think gluten free bread has fewer calories than regular one?
6. This restaurant caters delicious food.
7. The number of immigrants in European countries is increasing.
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8. The case had to be reconsidered with this new evidence supplied
by the witness.
9. Jack’s goal for this summer is to make as much money as possible.
10. Wendy met a huge number of interesting people at that party.
Глава 3.
Задание 1:
Yesterday I received some great news, which was a complete shock for
me. My boyfriend told me, that he bought 2 tickets to the Netherlands,
and we are going to spend a week there. It is an expensive country, but
luckily money is not a problem at the moment. Although, we’ll book
an apartment in the suburbs, as it’s cheaper. I’m excited to try all kinds
of local cheese there, I even got pieces of advice from my friends, who
have already been there. The people are very friendly there, like most
Europeans. It’s probably going to rain, so I have to decide which clothes
to take with me — some comfy leggings are suitable for long walks. We
will definitely have a lot of fun there!
Задание 2:
1. Con’s family was in the process of having tea when we arrived.
2. The police have known about him for years.
3. The public was requested not to leave litter in these woods.
4. There are two fish in his basket now.
5. The team is playing tomorrow morning.
6. My trousers are clean now.
7. Do you know what the news is?
8. He is reserved as a person, but he’s a fluent talker when politics is
under discussion.
9. Ethics is a difficult study.
10. You’ve bought yourself a nice car. Your money was well spent.
11. His advice was / is always useful to me.
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Глава 4.
Задание 1:
to fascinate to annoy to worry
to intimidate to stun to relax
to interest to entertain to amaze
to inspire to shock to thrill
to bore to astonish to mesmerize
Задание 2:
1. Students were bored because the lecture was boring.
2. The news is worrying that’s why everyone is worried.
3. Nancy was excited because the trip was exciting.
4. We were exhausted because the dance class was exhausting.
5. I›m relaxed because the music is relaxing.
6. My parents are alarmed because the situation is alarming.
7. The movie is terrifying that’s why the girls are terrified.
8. Judie was surprised because his marriage proposal was surprising.
9. His phone is distracting that›s why Luke is distracted.
10. Mike isn’t interested because her story isn’t interesting.
Задание 3:
1. My children are never amused by clowns.
2. Working hard and still not getting any results can be frustrating.
3. This math class is so boring!
4. Whenever Nancy feels depressed she always eats some chocolate
and takes a relaxing bath.
5. We all admitted that Elon Musk’s new idea is absolutely fascinating.
6. Jack has been giving me some mixed signs. That’s rather confusing.
7. The journey back home was more exhausting than the whole trip
itself.
8. The plane began to move in a rather alarming way.
9. Jackie gets easily frightened when she sees any kind of insects.
10. Kids are really embarrassed when their parents decide to show their
baby photos.
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11. My fiancée couldn’t be more excited as we were going to Paris for
our honeymoon.
12. I hate long flights, I’m always really bored.
13. My daughter looked very surprised when I told her we couldn’t go
to Disneyland.
14. Mark’s new job is so tiring. He can’t find any time for his hobbies.
15. Have you heard the shocking news about the car crash?
Глава 5
Задание 1:
(the) morning
IN LinguaTrip intensive course
her sophomore year
lunch NO PREPOSITION:
dawn
AT 7 o’clock in the morning
weekend next Saturday
birthday celebration every Christmas
Monday
ON weekend
Friday evening
vacation in the USA
20th of October
Задание 2:
1. The train departs at 9 am.
2. What were you two doing at the weekend?
3. My family and I love going to the Caribbean sea in summer.
4. Jessie got up early at dawn as she wanted to take some photos.
5. Do you go out or stay in on Friday nights?
6. I love my neighborhood. The streets are lively at daytime and quiet
and peaceful at night.
7. Let’s meet next Friday.
8. Jack is taking his first singing class on Tuesday afternoon.
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9. Kate rescheduled her English exam and now it’ll take place on 7th
of May.
10. I only see my parents-in-law on Thanksgiving.
Задание 3:
1. There was a sudden loud noise coming from downstairs and Nancy
woke up. Who on Earth was doing something in the kitchen at
midnight?
2. Americans gather together with their families on Christmas.
3. I hate wasting my time cooking and doing other boring chores at the
weekend. Let’s do something exciting!
4. Lucie had her finals last week. She thoroughly revised all the
materials every night.
5. We party hard on Fridays.
6. Nature gets way more charming and fascinating in spring.
7. If you can’t make it next Friday, I’ll see you on Saturday morning
then.
8. Airbnb was founded in 2008 and its success has kept growing since
that moment.
9. I met my friend at lunchtime and then we went shopping in the
afternoon.
10. Jessica cut and dyed her hair in her junior year. It looked terrific.
11. Katrin is moving to Paris on the 20th of May. We are throwing a
farewell party for her tomorrow.
12. People born in the eighties and nineties are considered to be
millennials.
13. I am having a super important job interview this morning.
14. I wish the weather had been sunny on our wedding day. It was raining
heavily and we had to cancel the reception ceremony by the ocean.
15. We had such a blast on our vacation in the UK.
Глава 6
Задание 1:
My dog is a great pet and a real guard of the house, but above all, it’s
also my best friend. When I was about to get a bulldog, I was under
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the impression that they are not very affectionate dogs, but my mind
has changed. He got to me from the shelter, where I saw him for the
first time. I went to the shelter to adopt a smaller and fluffy dog for my
girlfriend but came out with my big boy, who ran towards me as soon as
I went into the cage. It was love at first sight! Now, as I reflect on what
we went through together, I understand how lucky I am. Even when
he chews on my shoes and jumps onto the sofa constantly, I wouldn’t
change anything at all. The calm moments when I’m all relaxed on a
sofa and he’s sitting next to me are the most precious ones.
Задание 2:
1. Mozart was born in Salzburg in 1756.
2. My dream is to be at Times Square on New Year’s Eve.
3. Travelling to the West feels like magic. We left Moscow at 12:00
pm on 25th of October and arrived to Los Angeles at 2:00 pm the
same day.
4. — When did you hang that picture on the wall?
— Oh, I did it yesterday. I think it looks nice next to the window.
5. Margot hated sitting behind the desk for 8 hours straight and that’s
why she quit her job. She moved from the East coast to the West,
across the whole country.
6. Mr Smith’s office is on the 10th floor.
7. There is a cute artisan shop on this street but it is closed at the
weekend.
8. There might be both heavy rain and snowfall in Russia in December.
9. How different do you think the life will be in the 22nd century?
10. I’ve been waiting for you for an hour at the train station. Where are
you?
11. Parents are not allowed to wait for their kids in school. They should
gather outside.
12. CVS, the nearest drug store, is at the end of the road to / on the left.
13. Don’t believe everything you see on TV.
14. First, our train arrived in France and 4 hours later we were in Portugal.
15. I need to be in NYC tomorrow morning. I have a meeting there on
the 5th Avenue.
16. The choice of appetizers was wide but there were no desserts on
the menu.
17. I can’t hear you, I am on the bus.
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18. There was a fire in our office building yesterday.
19. — Where are the kids?
— They are already at school.
20. Get in the car and let’s get going!
Глава 7
Задание 1:
amazed BY
Задание 2:
1) of 2) on 3) for 4) for 5) to 6) on 7) at 8) of 9) with 10) of 11) by 12) to
13) to 14) about 15) in 16) with 17) with 18) to 19) in 20) by
Задание 3:
1. Parents are always very proud of their children’s achievements.
2. Sarah never travels by plane as she is scared of flying.
3. Although Mike has very little experience, we believe he is capable
of managing this department.
4. Our investors were not that interested in discussing this brilliant
idea.
5. LA is famous for its cinematic locations.
6. The new model of iPhone is similar to the previous one.
7. My parents weren’t pleased with my final results.
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8. When I announced to him that he was fired I wasn’t aware of what
he was going through.
9. Never be jealous of your friend’s success. You should be proud of
them and support them.
10. Jane was surprised by our upcoming trip to Chicago.
Глава 8
Задание 1:
1. Place the lid on top of the jar carefully.
2. Don’t say that John is a terrible cook. His dishes are delicious!
3. My French and Italian are good but my English is awful.
4. Hurry up, we’ll have to run quickly to get to the station.
5. Hannah seems excited. Look how happily she sings and dances.
6. Although I know 3 languages I don’t speak English that well.
7. Kate cooks terribly. I can’t stand her cooking.
8. I ran quickly to the station.
9. John is a tidy person. You’ll never see any mess in his room.
10. Suzie was obviously annoyed that no one warned her about the
party in advance.
11. I called John yesterday. He sounds happy. I’m glad he’s doing fine.
12. Your flat seems tidy today.
13. Meghan is a careful driver.
14. I can’t say that the journey home was quick. It took us a lot of time.
15. Mike likes to arrange things tidily in his room.
16. The solution to the problem seemed obvious.
Задание 2:
Roughly speaking, it’ll take you 10 thousand hours to acquire a new
skill. It won’t be enough to practice once or twice. Moreover, in order
to keep your skill at a decent level you’ll have to always train. You’ll
need to practice thoroughly and diligently. At first, it’ll seem that you
do everything awfully but soon you’ll notice how your skills improve
over time. People who are extremely talented might need less time to
master a new skill but overall, nothing good is achieved fast.
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Задание 3:
Посмотри наш вариант развития событий (обрати внимание на ис-
пользование прилагательных и наречий):
It was a beautiful sunny day, and I went out of the house at around
8 in the morning to buy some fresh bread for breakfast. The road to the
nearest grocery store was not long, only five minutes from my place.
I felt calm and at peace, there weren’t many people outside as it was
Saturday. I was crossing the street couple meters before the entrance
of the store, and suddenly I felt a hit and fell on the ground. What?… A
car hit me! Luckily, it managed to stop moving. But how fast everything
happened! I didn’t even notice it come. I stood up and started shouting
at the driver loudly and angrily, which seemed to not be effective at
all. The driver seemed slow, like he was slightly out of his mind. Then I
noticed it, he was having a seizure. I was mad at myself, how could I be
so blind! I called an ambulance, and it’s amazing how fast they arrived.
The man was safe now, it was positive news. I didn’t even care that he
hit me, so I slowly went home. Only after coming back did I notice that
I bought no bread. How funny!
Глава 9
Задание 1:
1. will finish
2. wrote
3. was rushing
4. have been studying
5. am offering
6. will have graduated
7. have given
8. had learned
9. make
10. did
Задание 2:
1. Nick has been learning Spanish for seven years now.
2. Last year our company raised $ 100k worth of investments and
brought $ 150k worth of profit.
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3. As our boss wants to extend the business and to open new branches,
some managers will move / are moving to the USA next year.
4. This time next week Jessica will be studying English at the language
school at the heart of London.
5. Before she took management courses, Lucie was bad at organizing
team work. Now her skills are way better.
6. Yesterday morning while I was cooking, the kids were playing in the
garden.
7. We are leaving in 10 minutes. Hurry up!
8. Jack has already seen that movie, let’s find something else.
9. I think I will take a gap year after my graduation.
10. Mike completed his studies in 2017 and got his diploma.
11. He hasn’t chosen where he wants to work yet.
12. The school bus arrives at 6:30pm every evening.
13. Judy hopes that she will have finished her work by 6:30pm tomorrow.
14. George was doing a school report when suddenly the lights went
out.
15. It had been snowing all night and that’s why I had to take a taxi to
get to work.
Задание 3:
1. My neighbor bought a new Tesla 2 weeks ago. He is showing it off to
us at the moment.
2. I am flying to LA tomorrow. I’ve been looking forward to it this whole
week!
3. Kathie reads books in English every weekend and it has helped her a
lot with the language.
4. My car broke down when I was driving from work. I will be fixing it
during next week.
5. Julie has never been to Paris and she is over the moon to go there
next month.
6. A: What were you doing yesterday at 7pm?
B: I was watching the movie while my kids were doing their
homework.
7. One day when I am rich and famous I will retire from my job and
will spend all my time with my family.
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8. This time next week we will be enjoying ourselves at the sunny
beaches of Cancun, Mexico.
9. Lucie hasn’t completed the report yet. She has been typing it all
morning but it’s only 9am now.
10. My parents said they were standing in a queue for over an hour
when the salesperson told them there were no more tickets.
Глава 10
Задание 1:
1) She claimed that her dad would drive her to school.
2) Jack asked whether / if he could use my laptop.
3) They complained that the border was closed and they couldn’t get
back home.
4) Jessica said that she had broken up with her boyfriend two weeks
before.
5) The children told that they had painted a picture for mom.
6) My fiancée wondered whether /
if that building had always been
there, she couldn’t remember it.
7) Students whined that the teacher had given them the hardest test
possible that day.
8) He said that he had bought a new motorcycle recently.
9) She shouted that I couldn’t help her anyhow at that moment.
10) My mother asked whether / if I would help her or not.
Задание 2:
1) He told me that Earth is the only planet with life on it.
2) Deborah said that she was so excited that day, because she had
gotten a puppy.
3) — I have done this before.
— You hear that? He says he has done this before!
4) Listen, she said that she didn’t like how you treated her.
5) My mom said that she hadn’t gone to work the day before.
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Задание 3:
HERE THERE
THESE THOSE
TODAY THAT DAY
AGO BEFORE
THIS THAT
TOMORROW THE NEXT DAY
NOW THEN
YESTERDAY THE DAY BEFORE
THE DAY AFTER TOMORROW TWO DAYS LATER
NEXT THE FOLLOWING
THE DAY BEFORE YESTERDAY TWO DAYS BEFORE
LAST PREVIOUS
Глава 11
Задание 1:
Посмотри наш вариант ответов и сравни (обрати внимание на глаго-
лы с герундием и инфинитивом).
1) I do fancy going out with friends, we have so much fun every time
that I can’t even describe. I love them so much.
2) I wouldn’t agree to swim with crocodiles for any sum of money,
because I fear wild animals way too much.
3) I personally don’t mind helping other students, but it’s strictly
prohibited and I put my own safety first.
4) I’d always prefer to travel to European countries, as the culture is
closer to me.
5) Sometimes I imagine living a better life in a better place, but I also
try to live in the present moment and enjoy it.
6) Like any person, I tend to avoid making mistakes from time to time,
but I’m working on that and trying to be less anxious.
7) I hope to become if not famous, but at least a respectable person.
8) I rarely forget to do such things, because I write down everything.
9) I would consider moving only to a country with better economic
and political situation.
10) I want to take at least couple English courses in order to improve
my skills.
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here is something, I expect to travel more than I did the previous
11) T
year.
s soon as I finish reading it, I will practise a lot to make results
12) A
even better.
owadays I’d choose to study IT as it has bigger development and
13) N
more job offers.
14) I only dislike being around people who disrespect the others.
15) I practise speaking to myself in English when I’m alone.
Задание 2:
1. Mark agreed to take on this job on condition he was entitled to paid
sick leave.
2. Sarah didn’t really fancy going to that new restaurant as she heard
some dubious opinions about it.
3. Dad promised to follow his dietary requirements but still overdid
at dinner.
4. I refused to apply for a job as a publisher because I had little
educational and employment experience.
5. My boyfriend chose to pay for me at the cafe.
6. Lucas denied having been fired for failing at his previous job.
7. My employee expected to be given a raise but I dismissed him
instead.
8. My boss wanted to give me a sack so I handed in my notice
voluntarily.
9. We hoped to visit that new Italian restaurant with impeccable
service and courteous stuff.
10. Some people tend to avoid taking an early retirement.
11. I felt like serving the beef with gravy but then I changed my mind.
12. Nick gave up working overtime even though his company was losing
the established reputation.
13. Jack didn’t mind drinking as he was never really teetotal.
14. Although Steven admitted (to) being not very well-suited to the job,
I hired him anyway.
15. My new position involves taking various qualification courses every
other year.
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Задание 3:
1. I think I›ll never forget meeting the love of my life for the first time.
2. Lucie, please don’t forget to pick up Stacy at the train station at 10
am.
3. I need to remember to warn Suzie about the cancelation of our
meeting.
4. Nick didn’t remember visiting this museum when he was a child.
5. You will regret wasting money on things instead of memories when
you’re older.
6. We regret to inform you that your application has been rejected.
7. We went on reading about the Renaissance period till the next class.
8. The teacher said we had little time left so we had to go on to read
the next chapter.
9. I love car road trips! You can stop to admire the scenery whenever
you want.
10. John stopped smoking ages ago.
11. Have you tried counting sheep to fall asleep? Some people say it’s
helpful.
12. I’ve been trying to reach her at her cell phone, but the line is still
busy.
13. Even if it means sacrificing my career, I’m all ready for it.
14. John has been meaning to propose to Sarah for ages but he can’t
find the perfect moment.
Глава 12
Задание 1:
MAKE — an exception, some tea, a mistake, a sound, progress, sure, a
call, an excuse, a promise, an appointment, an attempt, a discovery, fun
(of something), friends, the bed.
DO — business, good, the work, the shopping, a report, a job, an exam,
your hair, a damage, harm, a course, research, a favour.
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Задание 2:
1. Mary, you should work harder and do your best if you want to be
promoted.
2. — What are the chores you do around the house?
— I clean the bathroom and the kitchen, vacuum and prepare
breakfast in the morning.
3. If you keep making such stupid mistakes in your assignments, you’ll
be poorly graded this semester.
4. Speaking English is essential if you want to do business with
international companies.
5. When we were little, we made a pinky promise with my best friend
that we would marry on the same day.
6. Scientists are currently doing research on this new virus.
7. If I were you, I’d call a dentist and make an appointment as soon as
possible.
8. Our apartment was flooded by our neighbors from above and the
water did a lot of damage to all our furniture.
9. Shoot, mom made a list of things to buy but I think I left it at home.
10. I’m sorry to admit it but the whole class did such a poor job on the
test last week. No one managed to get at least B.
11. Sorry, I cannot hear anything in here. I’ll go outside to make a call
with my colleague.
12. What courses are you going to do this fall semester?
13. Anne made good progress with her computer programming skills.
She is good at C and Python and she isn’t planning to stop.
14. Don’t worry, it won’t do any harm to anyone if we keep this story a
secret.
15. I was assigned to do a report about the local environmental
community for our school newspaper.
Задание 3:
1. Eating more plant based food will do you only good.
2. Lucie spends so much time doing her hair, I hate waiting for her.
3. I’ll make you some tea and you’ll calm down, my darling.
4. They made several attempts to restore the files but everything was
in vain.
5. Although Josh didn’t score enough on his SATs the admission
committee made an exception and accepted him.
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6. Karen’s boyfriend makes such nasty jokes about her friends. I don’t
get it.
7. Sometimes girls who are on a diet are so obsessed with counting
calories. Relax, one tiny piece of cake won’t do you any harm.
8. When Dad does the shopping, he always forgets to buy sweets.
9. I tried not to make a sound when I was entering my room so my
parents wouldn’t notice I had sneaked out.
10. Cris made sure everything was set for the guests’ arrival.
11. The main reason why I enjoy travelling is the opportunity to make
new friends.
12. British scientists have recently made a discovery that is going to
shock everyone!
13. Could you do me a favor and watch the kids tonight? I want to go
out with my school friends.
14. If you do the dishes, I’ll clean the bathroom.
15. Cutting down on sugar made / is making / will make a significant
difference in my diet.
Глава 13
Задание 1:
If you forget your books at home, you can always take mine. (1)
When it is sunny, people often go for a walk. (0)
If I never have children, I’ll adopt many dogs. (1)
If you smoke a lot, it increases the cancer threat. (0)
When you move to a bigger city, you’ll find a job more easily. (1)
When someone falls in love, they never notice anything around. (0)
If we do go to this party, I will complain the whole time. (1)
When I’m free, I will call you back. (1)
If I learn English hard, I can talk to almost anyone abroad. (1)
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Задание 2:
1. If we run out of oil, we will have to replace it with other energy
resources in the future.
2. It takes me a whole hour to get ready. That means if I wake up late,
I’m late for work for sure.
3. When my parents go on holidays, I always stay with my younger
siblings at home.
4. If people do not replace oil with sustainable energy resources,
pollution levels will increase drastically soon.
5. When I am in a new city I love visiting museums and local cafés.
6. I will cook dinner if you are tired after work.
7. Rivers freeze if the temperature gets below zero degrees.
8. If Jessica doesn’t reduce the amount of money she spends on
clothes, she will go bankrupt.
9. W ill you sell your car if you need money?
10. Nick can’t stand any mess. If the house isn’t clean, he easily gets
annoyed.
Задание 3:
1. I’ve heard many controversial things about that place. We probably
won’t like the food if we go there.
2. My family has some simple rules. If you are the last to finish eating,
you do the dishes.
3. I’m afraid we won’t be able to solve your issue if the warranty period
is over.
4. Jake can be stubborn. You know, if I try to talk to him, he won’t
listen.
5. Sarah’s group mates are all very friendly. If one of them ever needs
help, they are always there for each other.
6. I forgot to get a gift for my little niece. She will be sad if she doesn’t
receive any present.
7. What will you do if your exam scores are low?
8. If I have nothing to do in the evening, I will / might go out with my
friends.
9. Nick can lend you some money if you give it back soon.
10. If my parents invite friends over, they usually play board games.
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Глава 14
Задание 2:
Вот наши варианты «прочтения» этих заголовков.
1. If the celebrity hadn’t gotten into a scandal, she / he wouldn’t have
cancelled the tour.
2. If the man’s dog hadn’t saved him from fire, he wouldn’t have survived.
3. If the global warming is stopped, new viruses won’t be awaken.
4. If the local high school charity fair doesn’t raise money next week,
cancer victims won’t get the required treatment.
5. If that lead singer hadn’t had a baby, he / she wouldn’t have delayed
the album release.
6. If the weather in Europe hadn’t been bad, school lessons wouldn’t
have been cancelled.
Задание 3:
1. Kathy is leaving school this year. If she doesn’t work harder, she
won’t pass her exams.
2. I think something is wrong with Jill. If everything was okay, she
would call me.
3. If Mike doesn’t go to the party tomorrow, I won’t go either.
4. If our baby had slept better last night, my wife wouldn’t have been
so tired this morning.
5. Marcus is really busy with his work now. If Marcus had more free
time, he would travel more.
6. You will be so tired tomorrow morning if you don’t go to bed now.
7. I am perfectly fine without a car, I use public transport to commute
to my university. If I wanted to buy a car, I would buy one.
8. Miriam has moved to Italy. If she hadn’t learnt Italian in advance,
she would have had difficulties in her first months in Italy.
9. When I drink coffee, I always get a headache.
10. If the children were asleep, I would be able to read a little. But they
won’t go to bed.
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Глава 15
Задание 1:
1. If I hadn’t met you back then. I would have a different life now.
2. If you were a more responsible person, you would have notified me.
3. This could have bad consequenses, if we hadn’t reacted in time.
4. If I had quit my job. I would not have money to travel.
5. I would have learned German if I had more time for that.
6. If I were a better student. I would not have failed the exam.
7.
If you hadn’t behaved so bad last night, we wouldn’t be in an
argument.
8. I would have gone hiking, if I had more energy.
9. I could be a teacher, if I had chosen to study in a university.
10. He might have become a designer, if he were more creative.
Задание 2:
1. If you had woken me up earlier, I wouldn’t be late for my appointment
now.
2. If I wasn’t afraid to fly, I would have visited you in London a long
time ago.
3. Clark would have had his diploma if he hadn’t flunked his classes
during his last year at university.
4. If you had invested in those stocks 2 years ago, you would earn
twice as much as their price selling them now.
5. Go to the garage and check if the car is there. If Josh took it, you
will have to walk.
6. If Mike got on a bus 20 minutes ago, he will arrive here in 10
minutes. Just wait a little bit.
7. If my parents had taken me to museums more when I was little, I
would love art more now.
8. If I didn’t love you, I wouldn’t have agreed to marry you and wouldn’t
have had 3 kids with you.
9. Kate would speak French fluently if she had started learning it back
at school.
10. Oh, Nick would have met you at the airport yesterday if his car
wasn’t broken. He’s been trying to fix it for days now.
11. If we had taken a taxi, we wouldn’t be running so late now.
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12. If Luke hadn’t overeaten at the family dinner, he wouldn’t be bloated
now.
13. If we were rich, our son wouldn’t have taken a huge study loan to
cover his college tuition. He still can’t pay it off.
14. I would have come over for a sleepover to your place yesterday if
my mom wasn’t so strict.
15. If you were more sensitive to details, you would have noticed how
sad she was yesterday.
Задание 3:
1. If Nathan wasn’t an inexperienced manager, his team wouldn’t have
failed to complete the project on time.
2. If my friends and I loved big parties and crowds, we would have
gone to Las Vegas.
3. If Jackie hadn’t left her coat at home, she wouldn’t be cold now.
4. If you prepared some overnight oats last night, you won’t have to
wake up early to make breakfast tomorrow.
5. If my house wasn’t a mess, I wouldn’t have spent 2 hours searching
for my birth certificate yesterday.
6. If my parents hadn’t been late to the airport and hadn’t missed their
flight, they would be at my wedding.
7. If Mike hadn’t forgotten to notify his bank about his trip to Europe,
his credit card wouldn’t be blocked now.
8. If Lucie wasn’t very hard-working, she wouldn’t have gotten into
Harvard.
9.If you had warned me that you needed my help tonight, I wouldn’t
go to the theatre with my friends.
10. If we had reserved the table, we wouldn’t have to go to another
place.
Глава 16
Задание 1:
1. unless
2. if
3. in case of
4. supposing
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5. as long as
6. but for
7. or else
8. condition
9. providing
Задание 2:
1. You can go swimming on condition that you don’t swim too far from
the shore.
2. Unless you avoid facing difficulties you will get more mature.
3. The investors will give us money on condition that we split the
profit equally.
4. Kathy will be disappointed if Jack doesn’t enter the university.
5. Be late again and I lose my patience.
6. Don’t make so much noise or else you’ll wake up grandma.
7. I’ll be able to come providing / on condition that all expenses are
paid.
8. B
ut for my parents’ invaluable support, I couldn’t have achieved so
much.
9. We’ll buy you a new phone as long as you pass your exams with
flying colors.
10. Suppose you were fired, would you be able to support your family
financially for at least 6 months?
Задание 3:
Вот наши варианты этих предложений.
1. John has made a presentation about his past experience in case the
company’s HR wants to see it.
2. Unless somebody helps me with this project, I won’t complete it by
the deadline (it won’t be ready by the deadline).
3. As long as Judy earns $ 700 this month, she’ll be able to pay her
rent and living expenses.
4. When I eat sweets, I always get breaks out the next morning.
5. People are free to do whatever they want provided those actions are
allowed by law.
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6. Suppose your neighbor’s house was on fire, what would you do?
7. You should arrive at the airport 2 hours before the boarding.
Otherwise you’ll miss your flight.
8. But for her thoroughly curated portfolio, Lucie wouldn’t have
succeeded in her modeling career.
9. Never take my car again without warning me or else I’ll punish you.
Take my car again without warning me and I’ll punish you.
10. Unless I need something, I won’t wake you up when I get home.
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