Lecture 1

Chapter 1 Engineering Materials Science and

Types of materials Structure-Property-Process Relationships

Types of Materials

Metals Ceramics, Glasses Polymers Composites Semiconductors

What category is: Wood? Tissue? Rubber?

MATERIALS AT WORK
SPORTS EQUIPMENT AEROSPACE - F22 RAPTOR

MICROELECTRONICS

NITINOL Orthodontic wire

32-bit Microprocessor

ENERGYSolar panels

MATERIALS IN A SYSTEM
CAMCORDER COMPONENTS
HITACHI CAMCORDER LENSES (Glass - noncrystalline) must transmit light without aberrations, and have hardness suitable for precision grinding into complex shape HOUSING (low-density polymer) must be light, non-magnetic, and easily formable into shape ELECRTONIC CHIP Silicon semiconductor doped with P or B, bonded on insulating ceramic substrate with Au-Si metallic alloy solder ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS must have electrically conducting copper wires and precision resistors made from Ni-Cr alloy

Materials Properties
Why is DIAMOND the hardest material and best conductor of heat?
Why does RUBBER stretch, METAL bend, and GLASS break? Why are METALS good electrical conductors and CERAMICS and POLYMERS insulators? Why do some METALS expand more than CERAMICS? Why are GLASSES transparent and METALS opaque? Why do STEELS resist impact and CERAMICS shatter?

Properties of materials are governed by the type of their atomic bonding and microstructure, which in turn are derived from the way it is processed

New golf clubs secret metal hits too far on par 4 course

 Metals
Iron Copper Aluminum Silver Gold

Atoms are located in regularly defined, repeating positions - a crystal Structure has free electrons making metals good electrical conductors Strong but very dense Moderate temperature resistance Metals resist brittle fracture by bending - ductile

 Ceramics
Sand Dinnerware Sanitary ware Window Glass Graphite

Combination of metallic and non-metallic atoms Many but not all ceramics are crystalline Bonding does not permit free electrons Very strong, moderate density High temperature stability, chemically resistant Ceramics bend little before they break - brittle

 Polymers
Nylon Cellulose (wood fiber) Teflon Kevlar Polystyrene

Long chain molecules with repeating groups Relatively low strength, temperature sensitive Easy to form into complex shapes Low density, can be ductile or brittle Inexpensive

 Composites
Carbon/Carbon Carbon/Epoxy Plywood Steel belted tires

2 or more materials are combined Structural applications where rigidity, strength, and low density are critical

 Semiconductors
Silicon Germanium GaAs CdTe InP

Bonding similar to ceramics Mechanical properties similar to ceramics Used in electronic and optical devices

Representative strengths of the various material types

From: D. R. Askeland, The Science and Engineering of Materials

Structure-Property-Process Relationships
Structure
Atomic / Nano / Micro / Macro

Property
Mechanical Physical (electrical, magnetic, optical, thermal, elastic, chemical)

Process
Material history

Question
As an engineer for Mugs, Inc., you have been asked to select a material class from which to make a container for hot coffee. Defend your choice by citing a particular property that makes your choice suitable.

Study Guide
Chapter 1, pp. 3-19
Summary, p. 19

Chapter 2, pp. 21-55

Summary, pp. 54-55 Key terms, p. 55

Questions?!
Define the following parameters:
Ductile, Brittle, conductive, strength, stiff, crystalline, amorphous,

What are examples of Metals, Ceramics and Polymers and how do they relate to the above parameters,