HEAT PIPE HEAT EXCHANGER

Sensible Air-to-Air Energy Exchangers Single Units 500 40,000 SCFM Multiple Units 40,000+ SCFM

INTEGRAL FINNED TUBES

ZERO CROSS CONTAMINATION

COMPACT DESIGN

SIZE & PERFORMANCE FLEXIBILITY

DES CHAMPS
Heat Exchangers and Energy Recovery Systems

INTRODUCTION
The Des Champs heat pipe heat exchanger provides sensible heat transfer between two airstreams using a counterow conguration to maximize heat transfer and minimize pressure drop. The device contains rows of nned tubes partially lled with refrigerant and permanently sealed. Heating one side of a heat pipe establishes a continuous process within it whereby the warmer side acts as an evaporator and the colder side a condenser. A sealed center partition prevents cross contamination of the two airstreams. A sensible heat transfer from the hot to the cold airstream results.

TA B L E O F C O N T E N T S
Introduction ......................................................................................................................1 Model Nomenclature........................................................................................................2 Application Features ........................................................................................................3 Construction Features ......................................................................................................6 Application Considerations ............................................................................................8 Psychrometric Data ........................................................................................................10 Selection Procedure ........................................................................................................11 Heat Exchanger Performance ......................................................................................12 Dimensional Data ..........................................................................................................13 Specications ..................................................................................................................14

MODEL NOMENCLATURE
H E AT P I P E H E AT E X C H A N G E R
MODEL NUMBER: F H P - 0 7 - 0 1 6 - 0 9 6 - 0 4 8 - A - C D I G I T: 1, 2, 3 - 4, 5 - 6, 7, 8 - 9, 10, 11 - 12, 13, 14 - 15 - 16 Digits 1, 2 and 3: Unit Designator FHP = Finned Heat Pipe Heat Exchanger Digit 4,5: Number of rows in heat exchanger Digits 6,7,8: Number of tubes in the face of heat exchanger Digit 9,10,11: Heat pipe tube length in inches Digit 12,13,14: Heat pipe exhaust side tube length in inches OPTIONAL EQUIPMENT Digit 15: Casing material A = Aluminum B = Galvannealed C = Stainless Steel

APPLICATION FEATURES

A L L O W S O U T D O O R A I R D E S I G N P R O B L E M S TO B E S O LV E D Responsibly Allows Codes to be Met

Use of Des Champs heat pipe heat exchangers allows the designer to meet ASHRAE Standard 62-1989 ventilation requirements with minimum energy requirements

Reduces Heating Requirements

The size of the heating plant, air distribution system, and energy distribution system can be reduced by the amount of energy recovered

Reduces Cooling Requirements

Compressors, chillers, cooling towers, pumps, and piping can be reduced by the amount of energy transferred between the outside and exhaust airstreams

Solves Existing Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) Problems

Economically permits the introduction of additional ventilation air without overloading HVAC system

APPLICATION FEATURES

E A S Y TO S E L E C T A N D A P P LY Compactness
The eight-row heat pipe heat exchanger is only 17 inches deep in direction of airow. Compact design allows more space for other equipment in crowded mechanical rooms.

Size Flexibility
By varying the lengths of the heat pipes, the number of rows, and the number of tubes in the face of the heat exchanger, a unit can be designed to t any location and meet any performance requirement.

Retrot Capabilities
The complete size exibility of the heat pipe heat exchanger makes replacement of heat transfer wheels in existing systems easy.

LOW MAINTENANCE, LOW ENERGY CONSUMPTION Maintenance-Free

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There is no maintenance required under normal HVAC conditions, because heat pipe heat exchangers have no moving parts. In addition, they are also easier to clean than other types of heat exchangers.

Passive Energy Recovery

Heat pipe heat exchangers require no external power for operation.

OPTIONS
Aluminum or Stainless Steel Casing
For use in corrosive environments. Contact the factory for specic applications.

Anticorrosion Coating
A carboline coating suitable for most corrosive applications is available. Contact the factory for specic applications.

Face and Bypass Dampers

This temperature control option will provide supply air temperature regulation as well as frost protection. Unfortunately, when used in Northern climates for frost protection, as much as half the potentially recoverable heat is wasted.

Tilt Control Package

The air temperature can be controlled with great precision by tilting the heat exchanger, which reduces or increases the amount of refrigerant in the evaporator section of the heat pipes. The tilt package comes complete with actuator and controls for full operation and control of exhaust air temperature to prevent freezing within the heat exchanger and supply air temperature for seasonal changes.

Indirect Evaporative Cooling

Summer energy recovery can be enhanced by the installation of a direct spray indirect evaporative cooling system on the return air side of the heat pipe heat exchanger.

CONSTRUCTION FEATURES
Integral Fin Design
Each heat pipe is fabricated using a single piece of aluminum to eliminate the possibility of n and tube separation and to maximize heat transfer. This design technique also prevents corrosion or contamination between n and tube, and creates a smooth surface for the application of optional anticorrosive coatings. Integral n construction is very durable and withstands high pressure air or water cleaning.

Individual Heat Pipes

This means greater reliability in performance, since failure of one heat pipe has little effect on the overall performance of the heat exchanger.

Heat Exchanger Casing

The heat exchanger frame is fabricated using 14-gauge galvannealed steel as shown in the dimensional data section.
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Sealed Center Partition

The partition is fabricated using 16-gauge galvannealed steel. It is provided to prevent cross contamination between the two airstreams and can be placed in any position to accommodate unbalanced ow systems.

End Covers
End covers are fabricated using 16-gauge galvannealed steel to protect the individual heat pipes.

Refrigerant
R-22 is utilized as the standard working uid in HVAC applications, however, other uids may be utilized for specialized applications (contact the factory).

CONSTRUCTION FEATURES
Counterow Design
The counterow conguration allows Des Champs heat pipe heat exchangers to recover up to 90% of exhausted energy under ideal conditions. However, the most economical heat recovery system performance of installed units is between 60 and 70%.

Performance Flexibility
A large selection of row depths and face areas are available for required energy recovery performance.

Quality Assurance
Each heat exchanger manufactured by Des Champs is subjected to a rigorous quality assurance process to ensure structural integrity and conformance with design requirements.

Lower Installation Cost

By utilizing the simplest airow conguration, counterow, there is typically less ductwork required to install a heat pipe heat exchanger as compared to a plate type heat exchanger of equal capacity.
C U T- AWAY V I E W O F H E AT P I P E

APPLICATION CONSIDERATIONS

COUNTERFLOW DESIGN
Having a counterow design means the exhaust and supply airstreams ow in opposite directions through separate sides of the heat exchanger.

LEVELING EXCHANGER
Heat pipe heat exchangers are installed with 1/4 inch per ft. tilt angle exhaust end down, when used for heating or ventilating only, and within an 1/8 inch level end-to-end, when used for heating, ventilating, and air conditioning.

V E R T I C A L I N S TA L L AT I O N
Vertical installation of the heat pipe exchanger is possible if the evaporator (warmer air) region is on the bottom, and the condenser (cooler air) region is on top.

M U LT I P L E U N I T C O N F I G U R AT I O N S
For larger airow applications or where space limitations exist, it may be desirable to install two or more heat pipe heat exchangers in series or in parallel.

SUPPORTING STRUCTURE
The exchangers should be secured rigidly so as not to allow more than 1/8 inch total bow end-to-end.

DUCT DESIGN
The exchanger is manufactured with a center partition and frame such that standard duct anges can be screwed to the frame, using 3/8 inch length sheet metal screws. The duct design should be in accordance with good practice in establishing a uniform airow across entire coil surface.

F I LT R AT I O N R E Q U I R E M E N T S
Performance specications are based upon clean air and a clean heat transfer surface. It is required that adequate ltration be utilized in both exchanger airstreams to insure optimum performance and minimum maintenance.

ACCESS DOORS
Access doors should be provided to allow periodic inspection of the exchanger and to facilitate cleaning when necessary.

D R A I N PA N S
Drain pans are recommended under the entire exchanger both as a condensate collection system and for cleaning purposes.

T E M P E R AT U R E L I M I TAT I O N S
The heat pipe heat exchanger is a commercial product, designed to be operated at temperatures of 125F and below. If the hot airstream is expected to exceed 125 F, consult the factory for selection of the proper working uid.

CODE REQUIREMENTS
Installation of the exchanger should conform to all codes, laws, and regulations applying at the job site.

INSTALLATION CONSIDERATIONS

C O N N E C T I O N TO OT H E R A I R HANDLING UNIT SECTIONS The heat pipe heat exchanger casing is best connected to the duct work by means of anges.

I N S TA L L AT I O N I N A PA C K A G E D S Y S T E M The heat pipe heat exchanger is installed directly on the oor. Sheet metal safe-offs direct the airow through the heat exchanger.

PSYCHROMETRIC DATA
The heat pipe heat exchanger is a sensible heat recovery device. This means latent heat is not exchanged between the supply and exhaust airstreams, and therefore no moisture is transferred. However, if the exhaust airstream is cooled below its dew point, condensation occurs and some latent energy is transferred. Condensation can thus increase the heat transfer rate and enhance sensible effectiveness, since each pound of condensed moisture transfers about 1050 Btu to the supply airstream. The price for this enhanced effectiveness comes in the form of increasing pressure drops due to the condensate as well as frosting of the exhaust side in the winter. Therefore, any gains in effectiveness will be offset if frosting is not controlled in the winter. Figure 1 shows a typical sensible heat recovery process.

S E N S I B L E H E AT T R A N S F E R H E AT P I P E
In summer, the warmer airstream (outside air) is cooled from point A to B, while the colder airstream (exhaust air) is being heated from C to D. In winter, the process is reversed. The colder outside air is heated from E to F and the warmer indoor air is cooled from G to H.

FIGURE 1

90 %

70 %

50 %

10

OUTDOOR AIR SUMMER

EXHAUST AIR SUMMER

H E
35 45

G
EXHAUST AIR WINTER

OUTDOOR AIR WINTER

55

F
65 75

ELAT 10% R

MID IVE HU

ITY

85

95

105

DRY BULB TEMPERATURE (DEGREES F)

The figure above shows various operating conditions based upon 70% efficiency.

30 %
115

SELECTION PROCEDURE

DEFINITIONS
FA DFV QS QE TF FH FL EL E TOA TSA TRA = = = = = = = = = = = = Total Face Area (in2) Design Face Velocity per side Supply Airow (CFM, ft3/min) Exhaust Airow (CFM, ft3/min) Tubes in Face of Heat Pipe Finned Height (inches) Finned Length (inches) Finned LengthExhaust Side (inches) Effectiveness (%) outside air inlet temperature (F) supply air outlet temperature (F) return air inlet temperature (F) outside air standard CFM lesser of exhaust air or outdoor air standard CFM

SCFMOA = SCFMMIN = Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Step 5

Determine design face velocity per side, DFV, typically 300 to 600 fpm (feet per min). Determine required face area for both airows (in2): FA = 144 x (QS + QE)/DFV Select the number of tubes in the face (TF) of the heat pipe to match an acceptable n height (FH). FH = 2.125 x TF [Up to 28 tubes per exchanger*] Determine the required nned tube length (FL) based on the face area from Step 2. FL = FA/FH [Round to the nearest inch.] Calculate position of center divider. For balanced ows, this will be at the center of the nned length. For unbalanced ows, this location can be changed to balance the pressure loss. This will ensure that the individual airow velocity is close to the design. For equal DFV on supply and exhaust sides: EL = FL x (QE/(QS + QE)) [Round to the nearest inch.] Select heat pipe rows required in direction of airow using Figures 2 and 3 to achieve the required thermal effectiveness and pressure drop. See dimensional data on page 13 for weight and overall dimensions of selected heat exchanger. Determine leaving supply temperature. The effectiveness (see Figure 2, page 12) is dened as: E = (SCFMOA/SCFMMIN) x (TOA - TSA)/(TOA - TRA) x 100% See heat exchanger selection example on page 12 for temperature calculation.

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Step 6 Step 7 Step 8

*Each heat pipe heat exchanger can have up to a maximum of 28 tubes in the face. For larger airows, it is necessary to combine multiple exchangers with 28 tubes or less per bank. Each individual bank will have its own casing according to the data in the dimensional section.

HEAT EXCHANGER PERFORMANCE

H E AT E X C H A N G E R SELECTION EXAMPLE
EFFECTIVENESS, %

70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 330 350 400 450 500 550 600 650

FIGURE 2

Select a heat pipe heat exchanger for 4,000 SCFM outside air at 95F and 4,000 SCFM exhaust air at 75F with a minimum effectiveness of 58%. Selection:
Using Figure 2, DFV = 500 fpm. FA = 144 x (4,000 + 4,000) / 500 = 2,304 in2 For TF = 16, FH = 2.125 x 16 = 34 in. FL = 2,304 / 34 = 67.8 in. [Round to 68]

8 7 6 5 4

ROW ROW ROW ROW ROW

3 ROW 2 ROW

700

750 750 216

A I R P R E S S U R E D R O P, I N . W. C .

Using Figures 2 and 3, at 500 fpm, 7 rows gives 55% effectiveness and 0.86 in. w.c. pressure loss per side. From dimensional data, overall size is 74" long x 38" high x 15.25" deep, weight = 750 pounds. To determine the leaving supply temperature:
TSA = TOA - E x (SCFMMIN/SCFMOA) x (TOA - TRA) TSA = 95 - 0.55 x ( 4000 ) x (95 - 75) 4000 TSA = 84F

FACE VELOCITY (FEET PER MINUTE)

2.00 1.80 1.60 1.40 1.20 1.00 0.80 0.60 0.40 0.20 0.00 330 350 400 450 500 550 600 650

FIGURE 3
8 ROW 7 ROW 6 ROW 5 ROW 4 ROW 3 ROW 2 ROW

12

700

FACE VELOCITY (FEET PER MINUTE)

HEAT PIPE AIRFLOWS (CFM)

FIN # OF HEIGHT TUBES (INCHES) IN FACE
14 7/8 21 1/4 27 5/8 34 40 3/8 46 3/4 53 1/8 59 1/2 7 10 13 16 19 22 25 28

TA B L E 1
FIN TUBE LENGTH IN INCHES 72 84 96 108 120 132 144 156 168 180 192 204 228 240

24
620 885

36
930

48

60

1,240 1,549 1,859 2,169 2,479 2,789 3,099 3,409 3,719 4,029 4,339 4,648 4,958 5,268 5,578 5,888 6,198

1,328 1,771 2,214 2,656 3,099 3,542 3,984 4,427 4,870 5,313 5,755 6,198 6,641 7,083 7,526 7,969 8,411 8,854

1,151 1,727 2,302 2,878 3,453 4,029 4,604 5,180 5,755 6,331 6,906 7,482 8,057 8,633 9,208 9,784 10,359 10,935 11,510 1,417 2,125 2,833 3,542 4,250 4,958 5,667 6,375 7,083 7,792 8,500 9,208 9,917 10,625 11,333 12,042 12,750 13,458 14,167 1,682 2,523 3,365 4,206 5,047 5,888 6,729 7,570 8,411 9,253 10,094 10,935 11,776 12,617 13,458 14,299 15,141 15,982 16,823 1,948 2,922 3,896 4,870 5,844 6,818 7,792 8,766 9,740 10,714 11,688 12,661 13,635 14,609 15,583 16,557 17,531 18,505 19,479 2,214 3,320 4,427 5,534 6,641 7,747 8,854 9,961 11,068 12,174 13,281 14,388 15,495 16,602 17,708 18,815 19,922 21,029 22,135 2,479 3,719 4,958 6,198 7,438 8,677 9,917 11,156 12,396 13,635 14,875 16,115 17,354 18,594 19,833 21,073 22,313 23,552 24,792

Note: Airows are for one side of the heat exchanger in an equal ow arrangement, and are based on a face velocity of 500 ft./min. Any number of tubes in the face may be selected other than those shown in the gure.

800

800

For balanced ow, EL = 34 in. (on center)

DIMENSIONAL DATA
2" FLANGE

H + 2X*

AIR-TIGHT CENTER PARTITION

4" D L L + 6 X

HEAT PIPE DEPTHS

ROWS
2 3 4 5 6 7 8

TA B L E 2
FIN DEPTH
4 5 7/8 7 3/4 9
5/8

*Value of x: If L < 14', X=2" If L 14', X=3"

DEPTH (D)
5 7/8 7 3/4 9 5/8 11
1/2

TYPICAL HEAT EXCHANGER DIMENSIONS

Height (H) Length (L) 14
7/8

TA B L E 3
53 1/8 96 59 1/2 108-240

21

1/4

27

5/8

34 60

40

3/8

46

3/4

24

36

48

72

84

13 3/8 15 1/4 17
1/8

11 1/2 13 3/8 15 1/4

TOTAL BASE WEIGHT FOR 5 ROWS (POUNDS)

FIN # OF HEIGHT TUBES (INCHES) IN FACE 14
7/8

TA B L E 4
132 615 822 144 662 884 156 710 947 168 757 180 805 192 852 204 900 216 947 228 995 240 1,042

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FIN TUBE LENGTH IN INCHES 24 188 260 331 403 474 546 617 689 36 235 322 409 495 582 668 755 841 48 283 384 486 588 689 791 892 994 60 330 447 563 680 797 913 72 378 509 641 772 904 84 425 572 718 865 96 473 634 796 957 108 520 697 873 120 568 759 951

7 10 13 16 19 22 25 28

21 1/4 27 5/8 34 40 3/8 46 3/4 53 1/8 59

1/2

1,009 1,071 1,134 1,196 1,259 1,321 1,384

1,028 1,106 1,183 1,261 1,338 1,415 1,493 1,570 1,648 1,725

1,050 1,142 1,235 1,327 1,420 1,512 1,605 1,697 1,790 1,882 1,974 2,067

1,012 1,119 1,226 1,334 1,441 1,549 1,656 1,764 1,871 1,979 2,086 2,194 2,301 2,408 1,717 1,855 1,992 2,129 2,267 2,404 2,542 2,679 2,817 2,954 3,092

1,036 1,158 1,281 1,403 1,525 1,648 1,770 1,893 2,015 2,138 2,260 2,383 2,505 2,628 2,750

1,030 1,167 1,305 1,442 1,580

1,146 1,299 1,451 1,604 1,756 1,909 2,061 2,214 2,366 2,518 2,671 2,823 2,976 3,128 3,281 3,433

Heat Exchanger Weight (lbs) = Base Weight from Table 5 x Correction Factor

WEIGHT CALCULATION
FINS PER INCH
11

TA B L E 5
7
1.38

2
0.49

3
0.66

WEIGHT CORRECTION FACTORS ROWS DEEP 4 5 6

0.83 1.00 1.19

Note: For larger n height or n length requirements, multiple exchangers may be combined. Dimensions and weights are for reference only. For design purposes, use certied data. For heat exchanger performance selection contact the factory or your local sales representative.

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1.56

MECHANICAL SPECIFICATIONS
The packaged humidity control system shall be a Model FHP ______________ as manufactured by Des Champs Laboratories, Inc. The heat pipe shall transfer heat between outgoing and incoming airstreams in a counterow arrangement, and shall be labeled for direction of airow, noting inlets and outlets of exhaust and supply. The heat pipe heat exchanger shall be a passive device, requiring no rotation or other movement for heat transfer, and shall be capable of operating at temperatures ranging from -60F minimum to 125F maximum. The heat pipe shall be installed: with 1/4 inch per foot tilt angle exhaust end down when used for heating and ventilating application only, or within 1/8 inch level end-to-end when used for heating, ventilating, and air conditioning applications. Performance data derived from laboratory testing on heat exchanger conditions is in accordance with ASHRAE Standard 84-1991 method of testing air-to-air heat exchangers. Performance shall be rated in accordance with ARI testing procedures. Manufacturers of alternate equipment must be approved to bid via addendum, in writing by the specifying engineer, at least two weeks prior to bid time in order for their bid to be accepted by the contractor. If the equipment is not pre-approved then under no circumstances shall the contractor invest time or money in receiving submittals or considering the equipment. Costs associated with dimensional, performance, or other deviations from the specied equipment, including engineering costs to evaluate such deviations, shall be paid by the contractor. The manufacturer must have a quality management system in place, equal to the quality assurance standard ISO-9001, for the design, manufacture, and service of heat exchangers and packaged ventilation/air conditioning equipment. The manufacturer must also have a net worth greater than ve times the value of the equipment being bid and must have been a manufacturer of air-to-air heat exchangers for at least ve years prior to bid time. The air-to-air heat exchangers must be manufactured in the United States of America.

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D E S I G N A N D C O N S T R U C T I O N F E AT U R E S 1. Heat Pipe Heat Exchanger

Heat pipes shall have 1-inch I.D. seamless, integrally nned 3003 aluminum tubes with 0.063 inch wall thickness. Heat pipes shall be a maximum of 2 1/8 inches on center in the face and shall be 1 7/8 inches on center row-to-row. Heat pipe n surface shall be integral to the tube, and shall have a minimum of 0.015 mean n thickness, tapered root to n tip. Fin surface from root to n tip shall have a minimum of 0.437 inch mean n height. Fin density shall be 11 ns per inch. Two-component heat pipes such as expanded tube-to-n shall not be acceptable in order to prevent efficiency degradation due to eventual weakening of the n-to tube bond. Heat pipes shall have a circumferential capillary wick structure integral to the inside of each individual tube. The capillary wick structure shall be the result of a knurling process and shall not degrade the integrity of the heat pipe wall.

MECHANICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Heat pipes shall be individually processed, charged, hermetically sealed, and factory tested. Heat pipe heat exchanger shall be installed as shown on the manufacturers submittal drawings.

2. Casing
The heat exchanger frame shall be fabricated from minimum 14-gauge galvannealed steel. The frame shall be supplied with a minimum of 2-inch wide anges on all four sides, both front and back. Intermediate heat pipe supports shall be furnished as required. The heat exchanger shall be provided with a partition to isolate the outgoing and incoming airstreams; there shall be no cross contamination. The partition shall be fabricated from a minimum 16-gauge, galvannealed steel and shall extend beyond the nned surface with a 4-inch mid-seal (2 inches to supply side and 2 inches to exhaust side). End covers shall be provided to protect the heat pipe ends. End covers shall be fabricated from 16-gauge galvannealed steel.

3. Refrigerant
Heat pipe heat exchanger refrigerant shall be selected on the basis of heat pipe operating temperature and compatibility with heat pipe tube material. Heat pipe heat exchanger refrigerant used shall be classed as group 1 in the American National Standard Safety Code for Mechanical Refrigeration.

4. Temperature Controls (Optional)

The following three options are available for temperature control: A. Face & Bypass Dampers Face and bypass dampers shall be provided by Des Champs for: a) Economizer mode b) Regulation of supply leaving temperature c) Frost prevention of the exhaust side of the unit. The face and bypass damper option shall be integral to the heat exchanger module. Dampers shall be constructed of minimum 16-gauge galvanized steel and operated by a damper motor (specify modulating or two-position) controlled by a thermostat (specify factory or customer provided). B. Tilt Control Tilt control shall be provided by Des Champs for: a) Economizer mode b) Regulation of supply leaving temperature c) Frost prevention of the exhaust side of the unit.

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MECHANICAL SPECIFICATIONS
The main support for the tilt control package shall consist of a heavy-duty, large diameter shaft on two heavy-duty, sealed, pillow block bearings at the center of the heat pipe unit. The arrangement shall be such that the heat pipe can pivot freely about the axis of the bearings. The tilt package shall be powered by a heavy-duty drive motor and connecting linkage. Temperature sensors shall be placed in the supply entering and leaving airstreams, and the exhaust leaving airstreams to sense their respective temperatures. The tilt package shall be suitable for operation at 0-10 V DC, 4-20 mA, and 0-135 W with full modulation. The tilt package shall have exible connectors to minimize cross-contamination between airstreams, while permitting the heat pipe assembly to tilt. Customer duct connections shall be rigid.

5. Protective Coating (When Required)

Air dried carboline coating to protect against corrosion. Coating to be factory applied to supply and exhaust sides.

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DES CHAMPS LABORATORIES INCORPORATED

P.O. Box 220 Douglas Way Natural Bridge Station, VA 24579 [540] 291-1111 FAX [540] 291-2222
1998 Des Champs Laboratories Incorporated
HPHE-698/10M
(SUPERSEDES HPHX694)