Fingerprint identification using biometrics Abstract What is biometrics identification?

It is the process by which a person can be identified by his characteristics. The characteristic is scanned so that the computer can compare it to the data al ready stored in the database. Biometrics identification is more secure method of identifying a person , it can not be easily shared , traded or stolen by another. Categories There are mainly two categories of biometrics identification Physiological characteristics :- identified by physical traits of person. E.g. Fingerprint , retinal scans , hand print scans. Behavioral characteristics :- identified with the things that can change with th e environment. E.g. Voice recognition , verifying signature. history Possibly the most primary known instance of biometrics in practice was a form of finger printing being used in China in 14th century as reported by explorer Joa o de Barros. Up until the late 1800s identification largely relied upon Photographic memory. Bertillon developed a technique of multiple body measurements which later got na med after him Bertillon-age. Biometrics fingerprint identification The science of fingerprint identification stands out among all other forensic sc iences for many reasons as Has served all governments worldwide to provide accurate identification of crimi nals. Establish the first forensic professional organization , IAI(International Assoc iation for Identification) in 1915. Worldwide , fingerprints harvested from crime scenes lead to more suspect & gener ate more evidence in court than all other forensic techniques combined . It quickly & correctly identify two different people who look exactly alike. Fingerprint matching Everyone is known to have unique , immutable fingerprints. A fingerprint is made up of a series of ridges and furrows on the surface of the finger. The uniqueness of a fingerprint can be determined by the pattern of ridges and f urrows as well as the minutiae points . Minutiae points are local ridge characteristics that occur at either a ridge bif urcation or ridge ending. Fingerprint matching has two categories:- minutiae-based and correlation-based. Fingerprint classification Fingerprint classification is a technique to assign a fingerprint into one of th e several pre-specified types already established in the literature which can pr ovide an indexing mechanism. To reduce the search time & computational complexity , it is desirable to classi fy these fingerprints in an accurate & consistent manner so that the input finge rprint is required to be matched only with a subset of the fingerprints in the d atabase. To classify fingerprints an algorithm is used by which the fingerprints are clas sified into five classes , namely whorl , right-loop , left-loop , arch ,tentedarch. The algorithm separates the no. of ridges present in 4 directions(0 deg , 45 deg , 90 deg, 135 deg)by filtering the central part of fingerprint with the bank of Gabor filters. This information is quantized to generate a Finger-Code which is used for classi fication. Fingerprint enhancements A critical step in automatic fingerprint matching is to automatically & reliably extract minutiae from the input fingerprint images.

The performance of a minutiae extraction algorithm relies heavily on the quality of the input fingerprint images. We have developed a fast fingerprint enhancement algorithm , which can adaptivel y improve clarity of ridge & furrow structure of input fingerprint images based on the estimated local ridge orientation & frequency. Fingerprint types Latent Prints Patent Prints Plastic Prints Fingerprint capture & detection Fingerprint detection The general structure of fingerprint scanner Advantages & disadvantages Acceptance Accuracy Ease of use Installation Training Uniqueness Security Acceptance Injury security Fingerprint application Biometrics iris recognition Iris recognition today combines technologies from several fields including , com puter vision(CV) , pattern recognition , statistical interference , & optics . T he goal of the technology is near-instant , highly accurate recognition of a per sons identity based on a digitally represented images of scanned eye. The tech. is based on the fact that no two iris patterns are alike. The iris is protected organ which makes identification possibilities life long. The iris can there for serve as a life long password which the person must never remember. Iris recognition system use small , high-quality cameras to capture a black & wh ite high-resolution photograph of the iris. This technology is considered to be one of the safest , fastest , & most accurat e , non invasive biometric technologies. They are used in passport , aviation security , access security , hospitals & na tional watch list. Iris recognition algorithm can be seen in more & more identification system rela ting to customs and immigration. Iris recognition instruments Advantages & disadvantages Highly protected Externally visible Variability Entropy Pre-natal morphogenesis Decidability index Image analysis & encoding time Changing pupil size confirms natural physiology Small target Moving target .. within another ..on yet another Located behind curved , wet , reflecting surface Obscured by eyelashes , lenses , reflections Partially occluded by eye leads often drooping Deforms non-elastically as pupil changes size Some -ve connotations Illumination should not be visible or bright Future trends

E-commerce Information security(info-sec) Authorization Building entry Automobile ignition Forensic application Computer network access Personal passwords Reference: http://www.seminarprojects.com/Thread-biometric-fingerprint-identific ation#ixzz1O8BBzPEZ