Heat Transfer Lab.

(0904446) Full Lab Report

Faculty of Engineering and Technology The University of Jordan, Amman-Jordan

Heat Exchangers (Parallel Flow)

by

Group #: C Section #: 2

March 2011

Abstract
1

This experiment shows the concept of heat transfer between two fluids flowing parallel to each other. And by using concentric heat exchangers and measuring temperatures and fluid flow rates weve measured the T,(inlet and outlet) for both cold and hot fluids. Then finally we can notice the changing in temperatures with changing in flow rates.

Table of contents
Abstract .. ..2 Table of contents3 List of tables ..4 List of figures ........4 List of symbols.......5 Objectives...5 Theory and Introduction....5 Procedures..6 Data observed (1-Hot Side). .....6 Data observed (2-Cold Side)... .....6 Sample calculation.....7 Results and Dissection...8 Summary an conclusions ......8 Sources of Errors ...8 References..8

List of tables
Data observed..1 Data results... 3

List of figures
Parallel flow mechanism .1

List of symbols
3

q : that transfer rate U: overall heat transfer coefficient A: heat transfer surface area . m : mass flow rate
Tm : log mean temperature difference

T1 ,T2 :hot fluid temperature

T3 ,T4 :cold fluid temperature

Cph: specific heat for hot water Cpc: specific heat for cold water Cp: specific heat for water Cp=Cph=Cpc= 4.186 kJ/kg*K : water density =1000 kg/m^3 err: the error Q : flow rate of water V : fluid velocity A1: tube area A2: tube heat transfer area

Objectives: 4

Study 1. The heat exchanger of parallel. 2. The effect of flow rates on heat exchanger performance.

Theory:
A heat exchanger is a piece of process equipment in which heat exchange takes place between two fluids that enter and exit at different temperatures. primary design objective of the equipment may be either to remove heat from a hot fluid or to add heat to a cold fluid. Depending upon the relative direction of fluid motion, shell-and-tube heat exchangers are classified as parallel flow, counter flow, cross flow. In parallel flow, the hot and cold fluids flow in the same direction and therefore enter the exchanger on the same end and exit the exchanger on the same end. In counter flow, the two fluids flow in opposite directions and thus enter the exchanger and exit the exchanger from opposite ends. Cross flow heat exchangers will not be analyzed as a part of this laboratory experiment.

Fig 1(the parallel flow mechanism)

Procedure and experimental setup :

1 turn on the COLD FLUID flow at 10.0 L/min . 2 and the HOT FLUID at its nominal temperature setting of 56C for the entire experiment. and start with the flow rate at 5 L/min. 3. Record the two flow rates and the eight four temperature measurements. 4 . at rate of 10 L/min Increase the HOT FLUID flow and allow several minutes for the temperatures to stabilize. Once stabilized, record the four temperatures. 5 . Repeat STEP 4 for HOT FLUID flow rates of 15 L/min, 20 L/min,

Data observed :
Table 1
Test No. 1 2 3 4 Flow (L/min) 5 10 15 20 Hot T1in ( C ) 56 56 56 56 side T2 out (C ) 43.5 48 50 51 Diff. (C ) 12.5 8 6 5

Table 2
Cold Side Test No. 1 2 3 4 Flow (L/min) 10 T3 in (C ) 7 8 10.5 11 T4 out (C ) 13 15.5 19 20.5 Diff. (C ) 6 7.5 8.5 9.5

Sample of Calculation:
mh = V = 1000 5 10 3 = 5 kg min q h = mh C ph (Th1 Th 2 ) = q = U A Tm Tm = T1 T2 ( 56 7 ) ( 43 .5 13 ) 39 .02 o C = ln ( T1 T2 ) ln ( 49 30 .5) 5 4180 ( 56 43 .5) = 4358 .16 W 4.35816 kW 60

Uh =

qh 4358 .16 = 539 .541 W m 2 .K A Tm 20 .7 10 2 39 .02

2 3 3 = V . A V = V = 5 10 m min 0.795 in 0.0254 cm 5 tubes V 4 A 60 sec min in

V = 0.052 m s

Results and discussions: Table 3

Mass Flow Rate ( m Test no. ) kg/min 1 2 3 4 5 10 15 20 Heat flow rate (q) W 4358.16 5573.33 6270 6966.66 Log-mean temperature difference
T ( m )
o

Over all heat transfer coefficient (U) W/m2.K 539.541 677.38 801.72 902.77

Velocity in tubes (V/tube) m/s 0.052 0.104 0.156 0.208

39.02 39.74 37.78 37.28

From the calculations resulting in overall effectiveness, it is shown that the counter flow heat exchanger is more effective than the parallel flow heat exchanger. 7

Summary and Conclusions:

From the parallel flow configurations, the outlet temperature of the hot fluid is always higher than the outlet temperature of the cold fluid. In the real life applications, the counter flow is preferred for its higher effectiveness. This experiment did show that this configuration does in fact have a higher effectiveness than the parallel flow configuration.

Sources of error from:

1- Measuring the temperatures. 2- Measuring the mass flow rate.