Resumo 8 ano To Be: Present Simple

Aqui esto alguns exemplos do verbo to be no Present Simple: This is my brother este o meu irmo Hes tem years old ele tem dez anos Im a student eu sou estudante These are my books estes so os meus livros They arent at home eles no esto em casa Theyre at the theatre eles esto no teatro

O Present Simple do verbo to be forma-se assim: POSITIVE Singular FULL FORM I am You are He/she/it is We are You are They are FULL FORM I am not You are not He/she/it is not We are not You are not They are not SHORT FORM Im Youre Hes/shes/its Were Youre Theyre SHORT FORM Im not You arent He/she/it isnt We arent You arent They arent

Plural

NEGATIVE Singular

Plural

Usamos o verbo to be para: Dizer quem somos Im Steve and this is my friend Bill. Were from Scotland. Eu sou o Steve e este o meu amigo Bill. Somos da Esccia. Falar do tempo Its cold today. Hoje est frio. Falar das horas

Its ten oclock. So dez horas Youre late!! Ests atrasado!! Falar de stios Milan is in the north of Italy. Milo no norte de itlia. Falar de idades My sister is six years old. A minha irm tem seis anos. Tambem utilizamos to be para:  Falar de como sentimos: Im happy estou feliz Shes tired ela est cansada Theyre sad eles esto tristes He isnt afraid ele no tem medo Were hungry ns temos fome  Cumprimentar as pessoas: Hello, how are you? ol, como ests? Im fine thanks. estou bem obrigado.  Para pedir desculpa: Im sorry im late desculpe o atraso.  Para descrever coisas: Its an old film um film antigo.

Utilizamos there+to be para falar da existncia de alguma coisa. There+to be pode ser usado para falar da localizao das coisas: Singular Plural There is a telephone in my house Est um telephone em minha casa There are some bad players in Benfica H jogadores maus no Benfica.

Formamos perguntas com to be no Present Simple assim

QUESTIONS Singular

Plural

Am I Are you Is he/she/it Are we Are you Are they

Late?

Late?

Nota: nas perguntas trocamos a ordem passando assim o verbo para o in cio da frase.

Present simple
 O Present Simple forma-se da seguinte forma: POSITIVE Singular I know You know he/she/it knows we know you know they know

Plural

Ex: I know the answer; She starts work at 9.30.  Adicionamos s na 3 pessoa singular; I start -> he starts I live -> she lives

 Se o verbo termina em: -ch, -o, -sh ou ss, adiciona-se es na 3 pessoa singular; I watch -> he watches They go -> it goes you do -> he does We wash -> she washes

 Quando o verbo termina numa consoante+y, ento subtramos o y e somamos ies na 3 pessoa singular; I study -> he studies I fly -> it flies

 Na forma negativa, utiliza-se o verbo auxiliar to do. NEGATIVE

FULL FORM I do not know You do not know He/she/it does not know We do not know You do not know They do not know

SHORT FORM I dont know You dont know He/she/it doesnt know We dont know You dont know They dont know

Nota: diz-se, he does not know, NO he does not knows. A regra aplica-se ao verbo auxiliary e NO ao verbo principal.

Utilizamos o Present Simple para:  Falar de coisas que acontecem com regularidade; - he studies everyday - ele estuda todos os dias  Para falar de factos; - I dont speak Chinese - eu no falo Chins Formamos perguntas no Present Simple assim: QUESTIONS Singular Plural Do I/you Does he/she/it Do we Do you Do they

know? know?

Nota: O sujeito fica entre o verbo auxiliar e o verbo principal. O verbo auxiliar que se sujeita regra do Present Simple. Do you speak Spanish? Falas Espanhol? Does she play the piano? ( NO does she plays?) Ela toca piano?

Present Continuous
Formamos o Present Continuous da seguinte forma: Verbo to be + -ing -> ex: I am eating

POSITIVE FULL FORM I am eating You are eating He/she/it is eating We are eating You are eating They are eating NEGATIVE FULL FORM I am not eating You are not eating He/she/it is not eating We are not eating You are not eating They are not eating

SHORT FORM Im eating Youre eating Hes eating Were eating Youre eating Theyre eating SHORT FORM Im not eating Youre not eating Hes not eating Were not eating Youre not eating Theyre not eating

No entanto, nem sempre s adicionar o ing ao infinitivo do verbo. Aqui ficam algumas exepes regra: Para os verbos que terminam com uma consoante + -e, normalmente tiramos o -e quando adicionamos o ing. Ex: to hope -> hoping Quando o verbo termina com ie, trocamos o ie com um y antes de adicionar o ing. Ex: to die -> dying Para os verbos que terminam com uma vogal e uma consoante, dobramos a ultima consoante. Ex: run -> running Nota: no dobramos a consoante se essa consoante for y, -w ou x. To buy -> buying To draw -> drawing To fax -> faxing

Utilizamos o Present Continuous para:  Falar de aces e situaes que esto a decorrer agora. Ex: the bus is coming. O autocarro est chegando.  Para falar de aces ou situaes que esto acontecendo mas no necessariamente neste momento. Ex: A: what are you doing these days? Que ests fazendo ultimamente? B: Im learning Spanish. Estou aprendendo espanhol. Fomamos as perguntas no Present Continuous assim: Questions Singular Am I Are you Is he/she/it Are we Are you Are they

Studying?

Plural

Studying?

Aqui esto alguns verbos que no se usam no Present Continuous: Like Love Mean Know Understand Remember Hate Believe Want

Past Simple:
Utilizamos o Past simple para falar de aces ou situaes que aconteceram (e acabaram) no passado. Ex: Chris phoned me yesterday. O Chris telephonou-me ontem. Podemos utilizar o Past Simple com for para falar de uma aco que aconteceu durante um tempo mas que acabou no passado. Ex: I worked in Japan for two years. Trabalhei no Japo durante dois anos.

Como se forma - o past simple dos verbos regulares?

Verbo exemplo: work (trabalhar)

Afirmativa I worked You worked He worked She worked It worked We worked You worked They worked

Negativa I didnt You didnt He didnt She didnt It didnt We didnt You didnt They didnt work work work work work work work work

Interrogativa Did Did Did Did Did Did Did Did I you he she it we you they work? work? work? work? work? work? work? work?

 Na afirmativa, os verbos regulares formam-se acrescentando -ed; *  Na negativa, surge o verbo auxiliar do, mas no passado did, acompanhado do advrbio de negao not. O passado apenas marcado no verbo auxiliar, ficando o verbo principal na sua forma infinitiva, work.  Na interrogativa, usa-se tambm o verbo auxiliar do no passado (did). Note-se, porm, que a ordem das palavras mudou: nas perguntas, o sujeito (I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they) passa para depois do verbo auxiliar;  A tabela em cima aplica-se a todos os verbos utilizados como principais, excepto ao verbo be, que o nico que no precisa de auxiliar:

Utilizamos o verbo to be no Past Simple para falar de factos do passado. Ex: the dinosaurs were very big. Os dinossauros eram muito grandes.

Afirmativa I was You were He was She was It was We were You were They were

Negativa I wasnt You werent He wasnt She wasnt It wasnt We werent You werent They werent

Interrogativa Was I? Were you? Was he? Was she? Was it? Were we? Were you? Were they?

* H REGRAS DE ORTOGRAFIA (spelling rules) a respeitar quando acrescentamos o -ed Verbos que terminam em -e, acrescentamos apenas um -d: dance danced; Verbos que terminam em consoante + -y, perdem o -y e acrescentamos -ied: study studied; Verbos que terminam em vogal + -y, acrescentamos -ed: play played; Verbos que terminam em vogal forte, entre duas consoantes, dobram a ltima consoante e acrescentamos -ed: plan planned; mas open opened; Verbos que terminam em -l, dobram o -l e acrescentamos -ed: travel travelled; quarrel quarrelled.

Verbos irregulares

A interrogativa e a negativa dos verbos irregulares formam -se do mesmo modo (com Did /didn't), mas chamam-se irregulares porque a sua formao no obedece a nenhuma regra como os anteriores (que terminam em -ed) - temos portanto que os saber de memria. H listas de verbos irregulares onde eles esto organizados para facilitar a aprendizagem:

Lista dos verbos irregulares por grupos de semelhana:

Infinitive
cost cut hit hurt let put shut lend send spend build burn learn smell feel leave meet dream mean

Past Simple Past participle

cost cut hit hurt let put shut lent sent spent built burnt learnt smelt felt left met dreamt meant cost cut hit hurt let put shut lent sent spent built burnt learnt smelt felt left met dreamt meant

Traduo
custar cortar bater magoar deixar pr fechar emprestar enviar passar construir queimar aprender cheirar sentir deixar encontrar algum sonhar querer dizer

lose shoot get light sit keep sleep bring buy fight think

lost shot got lit sat kept slept brought bought fought thought

lost shot got lit sat kept slept brought bought fought thought

perder disparar arranjar acender sentar manter dormir trazer comprar lutar pensar

catch teach sell tell find have hear hold read say pay make stand

caught taught sold told found had heard held read said paid made stood

caught taught sold told found had heard held read said paid made stood understood

apanhar ensinar vender dizer (contar) encontrar algo ter ouvir segurar ler dizer pagar fazer estar / pr-se em p perceber

understand understood

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break choose speak steal wake drive ride rise write beat bite hide eat fall forget give see take blow grow know throw fly draw show wear tear

broke chose spoke stole woke drove rode rose wrote beat bit hid ate fell forgot gave saw took blew grew knew threw flew drew showed wore tore

broken chosen spoken stolen woken driven ridden risen written beaten bitten hidden eaten fallen forgotten given seen taken blown grown known thrown flown drawn shown worn torn

quebrar escolher falar roubar acordar conduzir andar (e.g. de mota) erguer escrever bater morder esconder(-se) comer cair esquecer dar ver tomar, levar soprar crescer saber atirar voar desenhar mostrar usar (no corpo) rasgar

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begin drink swim ring sing run come become

began drank swam rang sang ran came became

begun drunk swum rung sung run come become

comear beber nadar tocar (campainhas) cantar correr vir tornar-se

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