In The Name of GOD

FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY AND BIOMECHANICS OF THE MASTICATORY SYSTEM

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Occlusion
Definition
The way in which the upper and lower teeth relate to each other Static with the teeth contacting but not moving Active - the study of how the teeth move against each other
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Determinants
2 Posterior (TMJs) 1 Anterior (Teeth)

FUNCTIONS OF THE MASTICATORY SYSTEM

1. CHEWING 2. SPEAKING 3. SWALLOWING

COMPONENTS OF THE MASTICATORY SYSTEM

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. TEETH BONES JOINTS LIGAMENTS MUSCLES
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DENTITION AND SUPPORTIVE STRUCTURES

TOOTH & SUPPORTING STRUCTURES

GINGIVAL SULCUS EPITHELIAL ATTACHMENT

GINGIVAL LINE FREE MARGINAL GINGIVA

GINGIVAL SULCUS

LAMINA DURA ATTACHED GINGIVA MUCOGINGIVAL JUNCTION ALVEOLAR MUCOSA SPONGY BONE LINGUAL CORTICAL PLATE

A. PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT
1. Attaches tooth to socket. 2. Dissipates occlusal forces.

B. TEETH
1. Incisors - cut off food. 2. Canines - Humans: cut off food. Animals: rip & tear. 3. Premolars - begin break-down of breakfood. 4. Molars - heavy chewing.
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SKELETAL COMPONENTS

Maxilla
(Supports teeth)

Mandible
(Supports teeth)

Temporal bone
(Supports mandible) mandible)
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MAXILLA

Two maxillary bones. Joined at midpalatal suture. Superiorly: form floor of nasal cavity & floor of orbits. Inferiorly: form palate & alveolar ridges.
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MANDIBLE

No bony attachments Superiorly: alveolar process & teeth Body of mandible Mandibular angle Ascending ramus Coronoid process Condyle

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TEMPORAL BONE

Articular Eminence

(Glenoid Fossa)

Glenoid fossa Posterior of fossa is very thin. Articular eminence Eminence is thick

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The Glenoid fossa

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The Glenoid fossa

Articular eminence

AE

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The Glenoid fossa

Articular eminence Posterior wall

AE

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The Glenoid fossa

Articular eminence Posterior wall Medial wall

AE

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The Glenoid fossa

Articular eminence Posterior wall Medial wall Superior wall
AE sw

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TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT
(articular disk) (superior joint cavity) (inferior joint cavity)

(lateral disk ligament) (capsular ligament)

(capsular (medial ligament) disk ligament)

Ginglymoarthroidal (Hinging and gliding) Condyle fits into fossa. Articular disc separates Compound joint
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(Articular Disc)

ARTICULAR DISC
Functions as a nonossified bone. Bulk is dense fibrous tissue. Three sections: A. ANTERIOR - thick B. CENTRAL (intermediate zone) - thin C. POSTERIOR - thickest Shape determined by morphology of condyle & fossa.
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retrodiscal tiss e

i ferior lateral pterygoid m scles a terior caps lar ligame t

Posterior - retrodiscal tissue Superior retrodiscal lamina Inferior retrodiscal lamina Venous plexus Capsular ligaments - superior & inferior Superior lateral pterygoid muscle

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i ferior retrodiscal lami a

ATTACHMENTS OF THE ARTICULAR DISC

i ferior joi t cavity

s perior retrodiscal lami a

s perior joi t cavity

artic lar s rface

a terior caps lar ligame t

s perior lateral pterygoid m scle

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TMJ (continued)
ARTICULAR DISC (continued)
TWO CAVITIES: A. UPPER IS BOUNDED BY MANDIBULAR FOSSA & DISC. B. LOWER IS BOUNDED BY CONDYLE & DISC. LUBRICATED BY SYNNOVIAL FLUID. A. BOUNDARY LUBRICATION B. WEEPING LUBRICATION

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LIGAMENTS OF THE TMJ:

PROTECT THE STRUCTURES. DO NOT STRETCH. ARE NOT ACTIVE IN JOINT FUNCTION. LIMIT & RESTRICT BORDER MOVEMENTS.
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TMJ (continued)
FUNCTIONAL LIGAMENTS: COLLATERAL CAPSULAR TM LIGAMANT ACCESSARY LIGAMENTS: SPHENOMANDIBULAR STYLOMANDIBULAR

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Collateral (Discal) ligaments

Medial Discal Ligament Lateral Discal ligament

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capsular ligament
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Temporomandibular ligament

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Temporomandibular ligament
Outer oblique portion extends from the outer surface of the articular tubercle and zygomatic process posteroinferiorly to the outer surface of the condylar neck.

This portion resists excessive dropping of the condyle and limits mandibular rotation
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Temporomandibular ligament
Inner horizontal portion extends from the outer surface of the articular tubercle and zygomatic process posteriorly and horizontally to the lateral pole of the condyle and the posterior part of the articular disc. This portion limits posterior movement of the condyle and disc, Also protects the lateral pterygoid muscle from overextension.

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Sphenomandibular Ligament

Stylomandibular ligament
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MUSCLES OF MASTICATION
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TWO TYPES
SLOW MUSCLES (type I) -slow, sustained contraction FAST MUSCLES (type II) -fast, short duration All muscles contain a mixture of fast And slow fibers. Slow muscles have More myoglobin and are redder.

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Masseter muscle
Has deep and superficial components. components

DP

SP

Shape: rectangular Origin: zygomatic arch Insertion: inferior border of mandible Action: Elevates the mandible and aids protrusion.

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TEMPORALIS MUSCLE
Middle Anterior Posterior

Shape: Large, fan-shaped, fan-

3 portions: anterior, middle, and posterior. Origin: temporal fossa & lateral skull. Insertion: coronoid process & ant. ramus. Action: Elevates and retrudes mandible. 39

MEDIAL PTERYGOID
ORIGIN: pterygoid

fossa
INSERTION: Medial

surface of mandibular angle. ACTION: Elevates and protrudes mandible. Unilateral contraction brings about a mediotrusive movement

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Lateral pterygoid
Superior

inferior

Superior Lateral pterygoid Inferior Lateral pterygoid

Bilateral contraction protrudes mandible. 41 Unilateral contraction produces lateral movement.

Inferior Lateral Pterygoid

ORIGIN : Lateral pterygoid plate INSERTION : Condylar neck ACTION:
Bilateral contraction protrudes mandible. Unilateral contraction produces lateral movement.

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Superior Lateral Pterygoid

ORIGIN : Infratemporal surface of greater sphenoid wing INSERTION : Condylar neck, Articular disc, Capsule ACTION: With elevator muscles Power stroke

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Digastric muscle

Posterior belly Intermediate tendon

Posterior belly

Function: Depresses the mandible and elevates the hyoid bone.

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DIGASTRIC MUSCLE
TWO PORTIONS: POSTERIOR BELLY ORIGIN: MASTOID NOTCH INSERTION: HYOID BONE (intermediate tendon) ANTERIOR BELLY ORIGIN: LINGUAL OF MAND. INSERTION: HYOID BONE (intermediate tendon)

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Okeson JP: Management of Temporomandibular Disorders and Occlusion

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T H A N K YOU
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