SLAB TYPE RECTANGULAR COMBINED FOOTING

INPUT DATA
1) LOAD ON COLUMN ON A =
2)LOAD ON COLUMN ON B =
3)CENTRE TO CENTRE DIST. (L3) =
4)DIST. OF CENTRE OF COLUMN A
FROM PROPERTY LINE (L1) =
5)DIST. OF CENTRE OF COL. B =
5)SIZE OF COLUMN A
d1 =
b1 =
6)SIZE OF COLUMN B
d2 =
b2 =
7) BEARING CAPACITY OF SOIL =
8)STRENGTH OF CONCRETE fck =
9)STRENGTH OF STEEL fy =
10)WIDTH OF PEDESTRAL =
LENGTH OF FOOTING =
WIDTH OF FOOTING =

P1 = 670 Kn

KN
KN
m

0.3
0.3

m
m

450
300

mm
mm

450
300
100
20
415
300

mm
mm
KN/mm2
N/mm2
N/mm2
mm

8.6
1.65

m
m

P2 = 670 Kn

L1 = 0.3 m

670
670
8

L3= 8 M
8.6

4.3
Page 1 of 45

L2 = 0.3 m

DESIGN :LENGTH AND WIDTH OF FOOTING:C.G. OF LOADS FROM PROPERTY LINE X =

4.3

WT. OF FOOTING & EARTH ABOVE (10%) =

67

KN

TOTAL LOAD ON EARTH = 670 + 670 + 67 =

1407

KN

FACTORED LOAD ON COL. A = 1.5 x 670 =

FACTORED LOAD ON COL. A = 1.5 x 670 =

1005
1005

KN
KN

NET UPWARD SOIL PRESSURE = (1005 + 1005) / (8.6 x 1.65) =

=

142

KN/m2

NET UPWARD SOIL PRESSURE PER UNIT LENGTH = 142 x 1.65 =

=

234.3

KN/m

B/2
C1

b1

C2
b2

B/2

d1

d2

L1

L2

1005 / 0.45 =
2233.34 KN/m.

L3

1005 / 0.45 =
2233.34 KN/m.

234.3 KN/m

Page 2 of 45

FACTORED SHEAR FORCE AT FOLLOWING POINTS:B=

234.3 x (0.3-0.225) =

17.57

DLEFT = 234.3 x 0.525 - 2233.34 x 0.45 =

DRIGHT =
F=

-1 x -881.993 =
-881.993 + 234.3 x 7.55 =

KN
-881.99 KN

881.99

KN

886.97

KN

HLEFT = 886.972 - 2233.34 x 0.45 + 234.3 x 0.45 =

HRIGHT =

-1 x -12.593 =

12.59

-12.59
KN

SHEAR FORCE CHANGES SIGN AT C (BC) =

0.01

m.

SHEAR FORCE CHANGES SIGN AT E (DE) =

3.54

m.

SHEAR FORCE CHANGES SIGN AT G (FG) =

0.44

m.

THE DISTANCE OF FOLLOWING POINTS FROM LEFT EDGE,m

B=

0.07

AB =

0.07

C=

0.08

BC =

0.01

D=

0.53

CD =

0.44

E=

4.07

DE =

3.54

F=

8.08

EF =

4.01

G=

8.52

FG =

0.44

H=

8.53

GH =

0.01

Page 3 of 45

KN

BENDING MOMENT AT VARIOUS POINTS :(NEGATIVE SIGN INDIACATES HOGGING MOMENTS)

B=

0.66

KN-m

B (ABS) =

0.659

C=

0.74

KN-m

C (ABS) =

0.736

D=

-193.84

KN-m

D (ABS) =

193.836

E=

-1848.02

KN-m

E (ABS) = 1848.017

F=

-175.04

KN-m

F (ABS) =

175.036

G=

21.71

KN-m

G (ABS) =

21.714

H=

0.66

KN-m

H (ABS) =

0.659

1848.017

KN-m

MAXI. DESIGN MOMENT,Mumax =

REQUIRED THICKNESS FOR FOOTING,

WIDTH OF FOOTING b =
1650
Mumax = 0.138 fck b d2
1848.017 = 0.138 x 20 x 1650 x d^2
HENCE
d=
700
CONSIDER EFFECTIVE COVER =

mm.
50

mm

OVERALL DEPTH D =

750

mm

MAIN NEGATIVE LONG. REINFORCEMENT (HOGGING MOMENTS):h

vw
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
wi

u
0.5 f fffffflf
u
4.6M
ffffffffffffffffffufffffm
j 1 @t 1 @
k B bd
Ast = ffffffffffffffck
fy
f ck b d

Ast =

8664.44

mm2

MINI.Ast = 0.85 x 1650 x 700 / 415

Page 4 of 45

% pt =

0.76

Ast (min) = 2365.66

HENCE Ast PROVIDED =

BAR DIA.

AREA

Ast reqd.

BAR

(mm)

(mm2)

(mm2)

REQD.

12
16
20

113.1
201.07
314.16

8664.44
8664.44
8664.44

76.61
43.1
27.58

8664.44

BAR

% pt =

mm2
mm2

PROVIDE SPACING UNIT WT

TOTAL

(mm) c/c
22
39
60

Kg/m

WT. (kg)

0.89
1.58
2.47

547.63
556.52
553.28

PROVIDE Ast (mm2)

77
44
28

0.21

8708.7
8847.08
8796.48

HENCE PROVIDE # 28 - 20 mm BAR ( SPACING = 60 mm c/c )

MAIN NEGATIVE LONG. REINFORCEMENT (SAGGING MOMENTS):DESIGN MOMENT UNDER COLUMN A / COLUMN B =
Ast =

778.22

mm2

Ast min =

2365.67

mm2

HENCE Ast PROVIDED =

BAR DIA.

AREA

Ast reqd.

BAR

(mm)

(mm )

(mm )

REQD.

12
16
20

113.1
201.07
314.16

2365.67
2365.67
2365.67

20.92
11.77
7.54

BAR

2365.67

mm2

PROVIDE SPACING UNIT WT

TOTAL

(mm) c/c
79
141
220

Kg/m

WT. (kg)

0.89
1.58
2.47

149.36
151.78
158.08

PROVIDE Ast (mm )

2

21
12
8

193.836 KN-m

2375.1
2412.84
2513.28

HENCE PROVIDE # 8 - 20 mm BAR ( SPACING = 220 mm c/c )

Page 5 of 45

Page 6 of 45

SLAB AND BEAM TYPE RECTANGULAR COMBINED FOOTING

INPUT DATA
1) LOAD ON COLUMN ON A =
2)LOAD ON COLUMN ON B =
3)CENTRE TO CENTRE DIST. (L3) =
4)DIST. OF CENTRE OF COL. A
FROM PROPERTY LINE (L1) =
5)DIST. OF CENTRE OF COL. B =
5)SIZE OF COLUMN A
d1 =
b1 =
6)SIZE OF COLUMN B
d2 =
b2 =
7) BEARING CAPACITY OF SOIL =
8)STRENGTH OF CONCRETE fck =
9)STRENGTH OF STEEL fy =
10)WIDTH OF PEDESTRAL =
11)EFFECTIVE COVER =
LENGTH OF FOOTING =
WIDTH OF FOOTING =

1000
1000
3.5

KN
KN
m

0.3
0.3

m
m

400
400

mm
mm

400
400
190
20
415
300
75
5.6
2.1

mm
mm
KN/mm2
N/mm2
N/mm2
mm
mm
m
m

DESIGN :LENGTH AND WIDTH OF FOOTING:C.G. OF LOADS FROM PROPERTY LINE X =

2.05

WT. OF FOOTING & EARTH ABOVE (10%) =

200

kN

TOTAL WORKING LOAD = 1000 + 1000 + 200 =

2200

kN

REQD. AREA OF FOOTING = Af = TOTAL LOAD / SBC = 2200 / 190

Af =

11.58

m2

LET THE WIDTH OF FOOTING Bf =

2.1
m.
REQD. LENGTH OF FOOTING Lf = 11.58 / 2.1
Lf =
5.6
m
HENCE PROVIDE FOOTING SIZE 5.6m X 2.1m, AREA Af = 11.76 sq.m
FOR UNIFORM PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION THE C.G. OF THE FOOTING SHOULD
COINCIDE WITH THE C.G. OF COLUMN LOADS. LET " x " BE THE DISTANCE OF
C.G. FROM THE CENTRE LINE OF COLUMN A.
THEN x = ( P2 x 3.5 ) / (P1 + P2) = (1000 x 3.5) / (1000 + 1000)
x=

1.8

m. FROM COLUMN A

IF THE CANTILEVER PROJECTION OF FOOTING BEYOND COLUMN A IS 'a',

THEN,
(a + 1.8) = Lf / 2 = 5.6 / 2
HENCE
a=
1
m
Page 7 of 45

Page 8 of 45

SIMILARLY IF THE CANTILEVER PROJECTION OF FOOTING BEYOND B IS 'b'

THEN,

b + (3.5 - 1.8 ) = Lf / 2 = 2.8 m.

HENCE

b=

1.1

THE DETAILS ARE SHOWN IN FIGURE,

P1 = 1000 kN

P2 = 1000 kN

A
x

L1 = 1 m

L3= 3.5 m

L2 = 1.1 m

5.6

2.8
GENERAL ARRANGEMENT OF COMBINED FOOTING

RECTANGULAR FOOTING WITH CENTRAL BEAM :DESIGN OF BOTTOM SLAB:FACTORED LOAD ON COL. A = 1.5 x 1000 =
FACTORED LOAD ON COL. A = 1.5 x 1000 =

1500
1500

NET UPWARD SOIL PRESSURE = (1500 + 1500) / (5.6 x 2.1) =

NET UPWARD SOIL PRESSURE PER UNIT LENGTH = 256 x 2.1 =

KN
KN
256

KN/m2

537.6

KN/m

Page 9 of 45

B/2
C1

b1

C2
b2

B/2

d1

d2

L1

L2

L3

1500 / 0.4 =
3750 KN/m.

1500 / 0.4 =
3750 KN/m.

537.6 KN/m
DESIGN OF SLAB :INTENSITY OF UPWARD PRESSURE = Wu =

256

KN/m2

CONSIDER ONE METER WIDTH IF THE SLAB (b = 1 m)

LOAD PER m. RUN OF SLAB AT ULTIMATE =
=

256 x 1
256
KN/m.

CANTILEVER PROJECTION OF THE SLAB (FOR SMALLER COLUMN)

=
1050 - 400 / 2
=
850
mm
MAXIMUM ULTIMATE MOMENT = 256 x 0.85 ^2 / 2 =
92.48

1.05 m.

KN-m.

Mu lim = 0.138 fck b d^2

STEEL
###
###
###

0.4 m.
185

HENCE DEPTH d =

0.85 m.

mm

SINCE THE SLAB IS IN CONTACT WITH THE SOIL

CLEAR COVER OF 50 mm IS ASSUMED.

1m.

USING

20

mm DIAMETER BARS

pu = 256 KN/m2
REQD. TOTAL DEPTH D =

HENCE, EFF. DEPTH d =

300
240

mm
mm

REINFORCEMENT IN SLAB:h

Ast

i
vw
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
u
0.5 f ck l
4.6M u m
u
ffffffffffffffffffffffffff
j 1 @t 1 @
k bd
= fffffffffffffffffffff
2

fy

Ast =

0.5 f fffff
Ast = ffffffffffffffck
fy

f ck b d

1190.29

mm2

% pt =

0.5

Page 10 of 45

MINI.Ast = 0.85 x 1000 x 240 / 415

Ast (min) =

491.57

HENCE Ast PROVIDED =

BAR DIA.

AREA

Ast reqd.

BAR

(mm)

(mm )

(mm )/m.

REQD.

PROVIDE

12
12
12

113.1
113.1
113.1

1190.29
1190.29
1190.29

10.53
10.53
10.53

11
11
11

BAR

% pt =

mm2
1190.29

0.21

mm2

PROVIDE SPACING UNIT WT

TOTAL

Ast (mm ) (mm) c/c

Kg/m

WT. (kg)

0.89
0.89
0.89

110.15
110.15
110.15

1244.1
1244.1
1244.1

95
95
95

HENCE PROVIDE # 59 - 12 mm BAR (SPACING = 95 c/c )

CHECK THE DEPTH FOR ONE-WAY SHEAR CONSIDERATIONS
AT DISTANCE 'd' FROM FACE OF COLUMN:-

240
B/2
C1

b1

C2
b2

B/2
d1
L1

d2
L2

L3

DESIGN SHEAR FORCE = Vu = 256 x (0.85 - 0.24)

HENCE Vu =

156.16

KN

NOMINAL SHEAR STRESS v = Vu / b*d = 156160/ ( 1000 x 240)

v =

0.66

% pt =
PERMISSIBLE SHEAR STRESS
0.52
HENCE FROM IS:456,TABLE-19,
PERMISSIBLE SHEAR STRESS c =

Mpa

0.49

Mpa
k

VALUE OF 'k' FOR 300 mm THICK SLAB =

CAL.PERMISSIBLE SHEAR STRESS k*c= 1 x 0.4864 =

0.49

N/mm2

HENCE REVISE
CHECK FOR DEVELOPMENT LENGTH:AS PER IS:456, THE DEVELOPMENT LENGTH Ld IS GIVEN BY,

Ld = ffffffffffsffff
4 bd

GRADE
bd

Page 11 of 45

DEVELOPMENT LENGTH Ld =

565

mm

AVAILABLE LENGTH OF BAR = 850 - 25 =

825
mm
> 565 mm AND HENCE SAFE
TRANSVERSE REINFORCEMENT:REQUIRED Ast = 0.12 x 1000 x 300 / 100 =
BAR DIA.

AREA

Ast reqd.

BAR

BAR

(mm)

(mm2)

(mm2)/m.

REQD.

PROVIDE

10

78.54

360

4.59

360

mm2 / m.

PROVIDE SPACING UNIT WT

TOTAL

Ast (mm2) (mm) c/c

Kg/m

WT. (kg)

0.62

34.61

392.7

215

HENCE PROVIDE 10 mm BARS AT 215 mm c/c

DESIGN OF LONGITUDINAL BEAM:LOAD FROM THE SLAB WILL BE TRANSFERRED TO THE BEAM.
AS THE WIDTH IF THE FOOTING IS 2 m, THE NET UPWARD SOIL PRESSURE
PER METER LENGTH OF THE BEAM Wu = 256 x 2.1 =
537.6 KN/m.

1500

KN

1500
3.5

1 m.

537.6

KN

m.
KN/m.

1.1

SHEAR FORCE AND BENDING MOMENT

S.F.@ AL =
537.6 KN
POINT OF ZERO S.F. FROM LEFT END C,
S.F.@ AR =

-962.4

KN

X1 = 1500 / 537.6 =

2.8

m.FROM C OR

S.F.@ BL =

919.2

KN

X2 = 1500 / 537.6 =

2.8

m.FROM D

S.F.@ BR =

-580.8 KN
MAXIMUM B.M. OCCURS AT A DISTANCE OF 2.8 m.FROM D
MuE = 537.6 x 2.8 ^2 / 2 - 1500 ( 2.8 - 1.1 ) =
B.M. UNDER COLUMN A, MuA = 537.6 x 1 ^2 / 2 =
B.M. UNDER COLUMN B, MuB = 537.6 x 1.1 ^2 / 2 =

-442.61 KN-m.
268.8

KN-m.

325.25 KN-m.

LET THE POINT OF CONTRA FLEXTURE BE AT A DISTANCE x FROM

THE CENTRE OF COLUMN A THEN,
Mx = 1500x - 537.6 (x + 1 )^2 / 2 = 0
THEREFORE x =
0.31 m. and
3.28 m. FROM COLUMN A
i.e.
0.23
m. FROM B.
DEPTH OF BEAM FROM B.M.:THE WIDTH OF BEAM IS KEPT EQUAL TO THE MAXI. WIDTH
OF THE COLUMN i.e. 400 DETERMINE THE DEPTH OF THE BEAM
WHERE T-BEAM ACTION IS NOT AVAILABLE.THE BEAM ACTS AS A
RECTANGULAR SECTION IN THE CANTILEVER PORTION,

a=
b=
c=
x1 =
x2 =

Page 12 of 45

WHERE THE MAXIMUM POSITIVE MOMENT =

325.25

KN-m.

HENCE EFFECTIVE DEPTH OF BEAM deff =

545

mm

ASSUMING TWO ROWS OF BARS WITH EFFECTIVE COVER OF

75

mm

TOTAL DEPTH OF BEAM D =

AND EFF. DEPTH d =

620
545

mm
mm

800

THE HEAVIER COLUMN CAN PUNCH THROUGH THE FOOTING ONLY IF IT SHEARS
AGAINST THE DEPTH OF THE BEAM ALONG ITS TWP OPPOSITE EDGES, AND ALONG
THE DEPTH OF THE SLAB ON THE REMAINING TWO EDGES. THE CRITICAL S/C FOR
TWO-WAY SHEAR IS TAKEN AT DIST, d/2 (i.e.545 / 2mm )FROM THE FACE OF THE COL.
THEREFORE, THE CRITICAL S/C WILL BE TAKEN AT A DISTANCE HALF THE EFFE.
DEPTH OF THE SLAB (ds/2) ON THE OTHER SIDE AS SHOWN IN FIG.

COLUMN DIMENSION
b=

400

mm

BEAM & SLAB EFF. DEPTH

db =
BEAM
545
mm

d=

400

mm

SLAB

ds =

240

mm

AREA RESISTING TWO WAY SHEAR

= 2(b x db + ds x ds) + 2( D + db ) ds
= 2 x (400 x 545 + 240 x 240 ) + 2 ( 400 + 545 ) x 240
AREA RESISTING TWO WAY SHEAR = 1004800 mm2

DESIGN SHEAR Pud = COLUMN LOAD - Wu x AREA AT CRITICAL SECTION

Pud =

1500 - 256 x (b + ds) x (D + db )

= 1500 - 256 x (0.4 + 0.24) x ( 0.4 + 0.545)
Pud =
1345.18 KN
v = Pud / b0 d = 1345.18 x 1000 / 1004800
v =

1.34

Mpa

SHEAR STRESS RESISTED BY CONCRETE = uc = uc Ks

uc =

0.25 x ( fck )^ 0.5 = 0.25 x (20)^0.5 =

1.12

N/mm2

Page 13 of 45

Ks = 0.5 + b / D = 0.5 + 400 / 400 =

HENCE, Ks =
uc =

1.12 x 1 =

>

1.5

1
1.12

N/mm2

----- REVISE THE DEPTH OF BEAM

INCREASED DEPTH OF BEAM Db =
AND EFF. DEPTH d =

800
725

mm
mm

AREA RESISTING TWO WAY SHEAR = 2(b x db + ds x ds) + 2( D + db ) ds

= 2 x (400 x 725 + 240 x 240 ) + 2 ( 400 + 725 ) x 240

AREA RESISTING TWO WAY SHEAR= 1235200 mm2

DESIGN SHEAR Pud = 1500 - 256 x (0.4 + 0.24) x ( 0.4 + 0.725)

Pud =
1315.68
KN
v =

1.09

Mpa

uc =

1.12

Mpa
----- HENCE DEPTH IS SUFFICIENT

AREA OF STEEL : CANTILEVER PORTION BD:-

400

1000

400

3500

537.6

1100

KN/m

LENGTH OF CANTILEVER FROM THE FACE OF COLUMN = 1100 - 400 / 2

=
900
mm
ULTIMATE MOMENT AT THE FACE OF THE COLUMN = 537.6 x 0.9 x 0.9 / 2
= 217.73
KN-m
Mumax = 0.138 x 20 x 400 x 725 ^ 2
Mumax =
HENCE

580.29
580.29 KN-m

KN-m
>

217.73

KN-m
Page 14 of 45

HENCE 580.29 KN-m > 217.73 KN-m S/C IS SINGLY REINFORCED

Mu / bd2 =

1.1

HENCE % pt =

0.33

Ast =

948.3

N/mm2

mm2

MINI.Ast = 0.85 x 400 x 725 / 415

Ast (min) =

593.98

HENCE Ast PROVIDED =

BAR DIA.

AREA

Ast reqd.

BAR

BAR

(mm)

(mm2)

(mm2)

REQD.

16

201.07

948.3

4.72

mm2
948.3

%pt =

0.21

mm2

PROVIDE UNIT WT

TOTAL

PROVIDE

Ast (mm2)

Kg/m

WT. (kg)

1005.35

1.58

HENCE PROVIDE # 5 - 16 mm BAR AT BOTTOM FACE

CURTAILMENT:All bottom bars will be continued up to the end of cantilever. the bottom bars of 3
curtailed at a dist. d ( = 230 mm )from the point of contraflexure ( = 230 mm ) in the portion
' BE ' with its distance from the centre of support equal to 460 mm from B.

CANTILEVER PORTION AC
LENGTH OF CANTILEVER FROM THE FACE OF COLUMN = 1000 - 400 / 2 =

800

ULTIMATE MOMENT = 537.6 x 0.8 ^2 / 2 = 172.04 KN-m

BAR DIA.

Mu / bd2 =

0.9

HENCE % pt =

0.26

N/mm2

Ast =

765.6

mm2

Ast (min) =

593.98

mm2

HENCE Ast PROVIDED =

765.6

mm2

AREA

Ast reqd.

BAR

BAR

(mm)

(mm2)

(mm2)

REQD.

16

201.07

765.6

3.81

%pt =

0.21

PROVIDE UNIT WT

TOTAL

PROVIDE

Ast (mm2)

Kg/m

WT. (kg)

804.28

1.58

HENCE PROVIDE # 4 - 16 mm BAR AT BOTTOM FACE

REGION AB BETWEEN POINTS OF CONTRAFLEXURES:Page 15 of 45

THE BEAM ACTS AS AN ISOLATED T-BEAM.

bf = [L0 / (L0 / b + 4)] + bw

------CL.23.1.2 IS:456-2000

L0 =

3500 - 306 - 230 =

b = ACTUAL WIDTH OF FLANGE =
bw = WIDTH OF BEAM =
bf =

2964
2100
400

mm
mm
mm

[2964 / ( 2964 / 2100 + 4 ) ] + 400

bf =

948
Df = DEPTH OF SLAB =

<
300
Mumax =

2100 mm
mm
442.61
KN-m

MOMENT OF RESISTANCE Muf of A BEAM FOR Xu = Df is,

Muf = [ 0.36 x 20 x 948 x 300 ( 725 - 0.42 x 300 )] / 1000000

Muf =

1226.56 KN-m

AREA

Ast reqd.

BAR

BAR

(mm)

(mm2)

(mm2)

REQD.

20

314.16

1788.3

5.7

BAR DIA.

>
Mumax = 442.61 KN-m
Therefore, Xu < Df
Ast =
1788.3
mm2
PROVIDE UNIT WT

TOTAL

PROVIDE

Ast (mm2)

Kg/m

WT. (kg)

1884.96

2.47

HENCE PROVIDE # 6 - 20 mm BAR AT TOP FACE

CURTAILMENT:CONSIDER THAT

20

mm ARE TO BE CURTAILED

Nos. OF BARS TO BE CONTINUED =

20

Ast =

942.48 mm2

MOMENT OF RESISTANCE OF CONTINUING BARS

Mur =

( 0.87 x 415 x 942.48 x ( 725 - (415 x 942.48 ) / (20 x 400))) / 1000000

Mur =
230.07
KN-m
LET THE THEOROTICAL POINT OF CONTRAFLEXURE BE AT A DISTANCE " X " FROM
THE FREE END " C ".
THEN, Muc = Mur,
-537.6 X^2/2 + 1500( X - 1 ) = 230.07
X^2 - 5.59X +6.44 = 0
THEREFORE x =
3.97 m. OR

1.62

ACTUAL POINT OF CURTAILMENT = 3.967 + 0.23 =

a=
b=
c=
x1 =
x2 =

m. FROM C
4.2

m from C

or = 1.624 - 0.23 =
1.39
m from C
Terminate 3 - 20 mm bars at a distance of 394 mm ( = 1394 - 1000 ) from the column A and
Page 16 of 45

303 mm ( = 4500 - 4197 ) from column B. Remaining bars 3 - 20 shall be continued beyond the
point of inflection for a distance of 230 mm from column A and up to the outer face of column B
and continued in the cantilever portion.
DESIGN OF SHEAR REINFORCEMENT:PORTION BETWEEN COLUMN i.e. AB
In this case the crack due to diagonal tension will occur at the point of contra flexure because the
distance of the point of contra flexure from the column is less than the effective depth d ( = 725 mm )
(i) Maximum Shear force at B, Vmax =

919.2

kN

SHEAR AT THE POINT OF CONTRAFLEXURE IS

Vud = 919.2 - 537.6 x 0.23
Vud =
v =

795.55 kN

MAXIMUM SHEAR STRESS cma

795552 / (400 x 725)

2.75 Mpa
cmax =
<
2.8
AREA OF STEEL AVAILABLE 3 - 20 mm BARS

CONCRETE
cmax =

v =

Ast =
HENCE

942.48

mm2

c =

Mpa

% pt =
0.4

0.33

Mpa

v
>
c
HENCE DESIGN SHEAR REINFORCEMENT REQUIRED
USING

10

mm DIA.

LEGGED STIRRUPS,
120

SPACING = [ 0.87 x 415 x ( 4 x 78.6)] / ( (2.75 - 0.3984 ) x 400)=

(ii) Maximum Shear force at A, Vmax =

962.4

mm c/c

kN

SHEAR AT THE POINT OF CONTRAFLEXURE IS

Vud = 962.4 - 0.306 x 537.6
Vud =
797.89 kN
v =
v =

797894.4 / (400 x 725)

2.76 Mpa

<

cmax =

% pt =

0.65

2.8

Mpa

AREA OF STEEL AVAILABLE 6 - 20 mm BARS

Ast =

1884.96 mm2

HENCE

c =
0.53
Mpa
v
>
c
HENCE DESIGN SHEAR REINFORCEMENT REQUIRED

Page 17 of 45

USING

10

mm DIA.

LEGGED STIRRUPS,
125

SPACING = [ 0.87 x 415 x ( 4 x 78.6)] / ( (2.76 - 0.528 ) x 400)=

mm c/c

FOR THE REMAINING CENTRAL PORTION PROVIDE MINI. SHEAR REINFORCEMENT.

(Cl.26.5.1.6 AS PER IS:456-2000)

USING

mm DIA.

LEGGED STIRRUPS AT,

SPACING = [ 0.87 x 415 x ( 2 x 50.3)] / ( 0.4 x 400)=

220

mm c/c

HENCE PROVIDE 2 LEGGED 8 mm DIA. AT 220 mm C/C AS NOMINAL SHEAR R/F.

CANTILEVER PORTION BD :Vumax =
VuD =
VuD =
v =
v =
Ast =

591.36

kN

591.36 - 537.6 ( 0.4 / 2 + 0.23 )

360.2

kN

360200 / ( 400 x 725 )

1.25 Mpa
1005.35 mm2 &

<
% pt =

HENCE

c =

0.41

>

AND

v - c

USING

mm DIA.

cmax =

2.8

Mpa

0.35

Mpa

SPACING = [ 0.87 x 415 x ( 2 x 50.3)] / ( 0.4 x 400)=

>

0.4

LEGGED STIRRUPS AT,

220

mm c/c

HENCE PROVIDE 2 LEGGED 8 mm DIA. AT 220 mm C/C AS NOMINAL SHEAR R/F.

CANTILEVER PORTION AC :PROVIDE 2 LEGGED 8 mm DIA. AT 220 mm C/C AS NOMINAL SHEAR R/F.

Page 18 of 45

Page 19 of 45

2100 mm

5600 mm

Page 20 of 45

Page 21 of 45

% pt
0
0.15
0.16
0.17
0.18
0.19
0.2
0.21
0.22
0.23
0.24
0.25
0.26
0.27
0.28
0.29
0.3
0.31
0.32
0.33
0.34
0.35
0.36
0.37
0.38
0.39
0.4
0.41
0.42
0.43
0.44
0.45
0.46
0.47
0.48
0.49
0.5
0.51
0.52
0.53
0.54
0.55
0.56
0.57
0.58
0.59

DESIGN SHEAR STRENGTH OF CONCRETE c N/mm2

M15
M20
M25
M30
M35
M40 & ABOVE
15
20
25
30
35
40
0.280
0.280
0.290
0.290
0.290
0.300
0.287
0.288
0.297
0.298
0.298
0.308
0.294
0.296
0.304
0.306
0.306
0.316
0.301
0.304
0.311
0.314
0.314
0.324
0.308
0.312
0.318
0.322
0.322
0.332
0.315
0.320
0.325
0.330
0.330
0.340
0.322
0.328
0.332
0.338
0.338
0.348
0.329
0.336
0.339
0.346
0.346
0.356
0.336
0.344
0.346
0.354
0.354
0.364
0.343
0.352
0.353
0.362
0.362
0.372
0.350
0.360
0.360
0.370
0.370
0.380
0.354
0.365
0.365
0.375
0.375
0.385
0.359
0.370
0.370
0.380
0.380
0.390
0.363
0.374
0.376
0.386
0.386
0.396
0.368
0.379
0.381
0.391
0.391
0.401
0.372
0.384
0.386
0.396
0.396
0.406
0.376
0.389
0.391
0.401
0.401
0.411
0.381
0.394
0.396
0.406
0.406
0.416
0.385
0.398
0.402
0.412
0.412
0.422
0.390
0.403
0.407
0.417
0.417
0.427
0.394
0.408
0.412
0.422
0.422
0.432
0.398
0.413
0.417
0.427
0.427
0.437
0.403
0.418
0.422
0.432
0.432
0.442
0.407
0.422
0.428
0.438
0.438
0.448
0.412
0.427
0.433
0.443
0.443
0.453
0.416
0.432
0.438
0.448
0.448
0.458
0.420
0.437
0.443
0.453
0.453
0.463
0.425
0.442
0.448
0.458
0.458
0.468
0.429
0.446
0.454
0.464
0.464
0.474
0.434
0.451
0.459
0.469
0.469
0.479
0.438
0.456
0.464
0.474
0.474
0.484
0.442
0.461
0.469
0.479
0.479
0.489
0.447
0.466
0.474
0.484
0.484
0.494
0.451
0.470
0.480
0.490
0.490
0.500
0.456
0.475
0.485
0.495
0.495
0.505
0.460
0.480
0.490
0.500
0.500
0.510
0.463
0.483
0.493
0.504
0.504
0.514
0.466
0.486
0.496
0.507
0.507
0.517
0.470
0.490
0.500
0.511
0.511
0.521
0.473
0.493
0.503
0.514
0.514
0.524
0.476
0.496
0.506
0.518
0.518
0.528
0.479
0.499
0.509
0.522
0.522
0.532
0.482
0.502
0.512
0.525
0.525
0.535
0.486
0.506
0.516
0.529
0.529
0.539
0.489
0.509
0.519
0.532
0.532
0.542

0.6
0.61
0.62
0.63
0.64
0.65
0.66
0.67
0.68
0.69
0.7
0.71
0.72
0.73
0.74
0.75
0.76
0.77
0.78
0.79
0.8
0.81
0.82
0.83
0.84
0.85
0.86
0.87
0.88
0.89
0.9
0.91
0.92
0.93
0.94
0.95
0.96
0.97
0.98
0.99
1
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09

0.492
0.495
0.498
0.502
0.505
0.508
0.511
0.514
0.518
0.521
0.524
0.527
0.530
0.534
0.537
0.540
0.542
0.545
0.547
0.550
0.552
0.554
0.557
0.559
0.562
0.564
0.566
0.569
0.571
0.574
0.576
0.578
0.581
0.583
0.586
0.588
0.590
0.593
0.595
0.598
0.600
0.602
0.603
0.605
0.606
0.608
0.610
0.611
0.613
0.614

0.512
0.515
0.518
0.522
0.525
0.528
0.531
0.534
0.538
0.541
0.544
0.547
0.550
0.554
0.557
0.560
0.562
0.565
0.567
0.570
0.572
0.574
0.577
0.579
0.582
0.584
0.586
0.589
0.591
0.594
0.596
0.598
0.601
0.603
0.606
0.608
0.610
0.613
0.615
0.618
0.620
0.622
0.624
0.626
0.628
0.630
0.632
0.634
0.636
0.638

0.522
0.525
0.528
0.532
0.535
0.538
0.541
0.544
0.548
0.551
0.554
0.557
0.560
0.564
0.567
0.570
0.573
0.576
0.578
0.581
0.584
0.587
0.590
0.592
0.595
0.598
0.601
0.604
0.606
0.609
0.612
0.615
0.618
0.620
0.623
0.626
0.629
0.632
0.634
0.637
0.640
0.642
0.645
0.647
0.650
0.652
0.654
0.657
0.659
0.662

0.536
0.540
0.543
0.547
0.550
0.554
0.558
0.561
0.565
0.568
0.572
0.576
0.579
0.583
0.586
0.590
0.593
0.596
0.598
0.601
0.604
0.607
0.610
0.612
0.615
0.618
0.621
0.624
0.626
0.629
0.632
0.635
0.638
0.640
0.643
0.646
0.649
0.652
0.654
0.657
0.660
0.662
0.664
0.666
0.668
0.670
0.672
0.674
0.676
0.678

0.536
0.540
0.543
0.547
0.550
0.554
0.558
0.561
0.565
0.568
0.572
0.576
0.579
0.583
0.586
0.590
0.593
0.596
0.600
0.603
0.606
0.609
0.612
0.616
0.619
0.622
0.625
0.628
0.632
0.635
0.638
0.641
0.644
0.648
0.651
0.654
0.657
0.660
0.664
0.667
0.670
0.672
0.675
0.677
0.680
0.682
0.684
0.687
0.689
0.692

0.546
0.550
0.553
0.557
0.560
0.564
0.568
0.571
0.575
0.578
0.582
0.586
0.589
0.593
0.596
0.600
0.603
0.606
0.610
0.613
0.616
0.619
0.622
0.626
0.629
0.632
0.635
0.638
0.642
0.645
0.648
0.651
0.654
0.658
0.661
0.664
0.667
0.670
0.674
0.677
0.680
0.682
0.685
0.687
0.690
0.692
0.694
0.697
0.699
0.702

1.1
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.2
1.21
1.22
1.23
1.24
1.25
1.26
1.27
1.28
1.29
1.3
1.31
1.32
1.33
1.34
1.35
1.36
1.37
1.38
1.39
1.4
1.41
1.42
1.43
1.44
1.45
1.46
1.47
1.48
1.49
1.5
1.51
1.52
1.53
1.54
1.55
1.56
1.57
1.58
1.59

0.616
0.618
0.619
0.621
0.622
0.624
0.626
0.627
0.629
0.630
0.632
0.634
0.635
0.637
0.638
0.640
0.642
0.643
0.645
0.646
0.648
0.650
0.651
0.653
0.654
0.656
0.658
0.659
0.661
0.662
0.664
0.666
0.667
0.669
0.670
0.672
0.674
0.675
0.677
0.678
0.680
0.681
0.682
0.684
0.685
0.686
0.687
0.688
0.690
0.691

0.640
0.642
0.644
0.646
0.648
0.650
0.652
0.654
0.656
0.658
0.660
0.662
0.664
0.666
0.668
0.670
0.672
0.674
0.676
0.678
0.680
0.682
0.684
0.686
0.688
0.690
0.692
0.694
0.696
0.698
0.700
0.702
0.704
0.706
0.708
0.710
0.712
0.714
0.716
0.718
0.720
0.721
0.722
0.724
0.725
0.726
0.727
0.728
0.730
0.731

0.664
0.666
0.669
0.671
0.674
0.676
0.678
0.681
0.683
0.686
0.688
0.690
0.693
0.695
0.698
0.700
0.702
0.703
0.705
0.706
0.708
0.710
0.711
0.713
0.714
0.716
0.718
0.719
0.721
0.722
0.724
0.726
0.727
0.729
0.730
0.732
0.734
0.735
0.737
0.738
0.740
0.742
0.743
0.745
0.746
0.748
0.750
0.751
0.753
0.754

0.680
0.682
0.684
0.686
0.688
0.690
0.692
0.694
0.696
0.698
0.700
0.702
0.704
0.706
0.708
0.710
0.712
0.714
0.716
0.718
0.720
0.722
0.724
0.726
0.728
0.730
0.732
0.734
0.736
0.738
0.740
0.742
0.744
0.746
0.748
0.750
0.752
0.754
0.756
0.758
0.760
0.762
0.763
0.765
0.766
0.768
0.770
0.771
0.773
0.774

0.694
0.696
0.699
0.701
0.704
0.706
0.708
0.711
0.713
0.716
0.718
0.720
0.723
0.725
0.728
0.730
0.732
0.734
0.736
0.738
0.740
0.742
0.744
0.746
0.748
0.750
0.752
0.754
0.756
0.758
0.760
0.762
0.764
0.766
0.768
0.770
0.772
0.774
0.776
0.778
0.780
0.782
0.783
0.785
0.786
0.788
0.790
0.791
0.793
0.794

0.704
0.706
0.709
0.711
0.714
0.716
0.718
0.721
0.723
0.726
0.728
0.730
0.733
0.735
0.738
0.740
0.742
0.744
0.746
0.748
0.750
0.752
0.754
0.756
0.758
0.760
0.762
0.764
0.766
0.768
0.770
0.772
0.774
0.776
0.778
0.780
0.782
0.784
0.786
0.788
0.790
0.792
0.794
0.796
0.798
0.800
0.802
0.804
0.806
0.808

1.6
1.61
1.62
1.63
1.64
1.65
1.66
1.67
1.68
1.69
1.7
1.71
1.72
1.73
1.74
1.75
1.76
1.77
1.78
1.79
1.8
1.81
1.82
1.83
1.84
1.85
1.86
1.87
1.88
1.89
1.9
1.91
1.92
1.93
1.94
1.95
1.96
1.97
1.98
1.99
2
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09

0.692
0.693
0.694
0.696
0.697
0.698
0.699
0.700
0.702
0.703
0.704
0.705
0.706
0.708
0.709
0.710
0.710
0.710
0.710
0.710
0.710
0.710
0.710
0.710
0.710
0.710
0.710
0.710
0.710
0.710
0.710
0.710
0.710
0.710
0.710
0.710
0.710
0.710
0.710
0.710
0.710
0.710
0.710
0.710
0.710
0.710
0.710
0.710
0.710
0.710

0.732
0.733
0.734
0.736
0.737
0.738
0.739
0.740
0.742
0.743
0.744
0.745
0.746
0.748
0.749
0.750
0.752
0.753
0.755
0.756
0.758
0.760
0.761
0.763
0.764
0.766
0.768
0.769
0.771
0.772
0.774
0.776
0.777
0.779
0.780
0.782
0.784
0.785
0.787
0.788
0.790
0.791
0.792
0.792
0.793
0.794
0.795
0.796
0.796
0.797

0.756
0.758
0.759
0.761
0.762
0.764
0.766
0.767
0.769
0.770
0.772
0.774
0.775
0.777
0.778
0.780
0.782
0.783
0.785
0.786
0.788
0.790
0.791
0.793
0.794
0.796
0.798
0.799
0.801
0.802
0.804
0.806
0.807
0.809
0.810
0.812
0.814
0.815
0.817
0.818
0.820
0.821
0.822
0.824
0.825
0.826
0.827
0.828
0.830
0.831

0.776
0.778
0.779
0.781
0.782
0.784
0.786
0.787
0.789
0.790
0.792
0.794
0.795
0.797
0.798
0.800
0.802
0.803
0.805
0.806
0.808
0.810
0.811
0.813
0.814
0.816
0.818
0.819
0.821
0.822
0.824
0.826
0.827
0.829
0.830
0.832
0.834
0.835
0.837
0.838
0.840
0.842
0.843
0.845
0.846
0.848
0.850
0.851
0.853
0.854

0.796
0.798
0.799
0.801
0.802
0.804
0.806
0.807
0.809
0.810
0.812
0.814
0.815
0.817
0.818
0.820
0.822
0.823
0.825
0.826
0.828
0.830
0.831
0.833
0.834
0.836
0.838
0.839
0.841
0.842
0.844
0.846
0.847
0.849
0.850
0.852
0.854
0.855
0.857
0.858
0.860
0.862
0.863
0.865
0.866
0.868
0.870
0.871
0.873
0.874

0.810
0.812
0.814
0.816
0.818
0.820
0.822
0.824
0.826
0.828
0.830
0.832
0.834
0.836
0.838
0.840
0.842
0.843
0.845
0.846
0.848
0.850
0.851
0.853
0.854
0.856
0.858
0.859
0.861
0.862
0.864
0.866
0.867
0.869
0.870
0.872
0.874
0.875
0.877
0.878
0.880
0.882
0.883
0.885
0.886
0.888
0.890
0.891
0.893
0.894

2.1
2.11
2.12
2.13
2.14
2.15
2.16
2.17
2.18
2.19
2.2
2.21
2.22
2.23
2.24
2.25
2.26
2.27
2.28
2.29
2.3
2.31
2.32
2.33
2.34
2.35
2.36
2.37
2.38
2.39
2.4
2.41
2.42
2.43
2.44
2.45
2.46
2.47
2.48
2.49
2.5
2.51
2.52
2.53
2.54
2.55
2.56
2.57
2.58
2.59

0.710
0.710
0.710
0.710
0.710
0.710
0.710
0.710
0.710
0.710
0.710
0.710
0.710
0.710
0.710
0.710
0.710
0.710
0.710
0.710
0.710
0.710
0.710
0.710
0.710
0.710
0.710
0.710
0.710
0.710
0.710
0.710
0.710
0.710
0.710
0.710
0.710
0.710
0.710
0.710
0.710
0.710
0.710
0.710
0.710
0.710
0.710
0.710
0.710
0.710

0.798
0.799
0.800
0.800
0.801
0.802
0.803
0.804
0.804
0.805
0.806
0.807
0.808
0.808
0.809
0.810
0.810
0.811
0.811
0.812
0.812
0.812
0.813
0.813
0.814
0.814
0.814
0.815
0.815
0.816
0.816
0.816
0.817
0.817
0.818
0.818
0.818
0.819
0.819
0.820
0.820
0.820
0.820
0.820
0.820
0.820
0.820
0.820
0.820
0.820

0.832
0.833
0.834
0.836
0.837
0.838
0.839
0.840
0.842
0.843
0.844
0.845
0.846
0.848
0.849
0.850
0.851
0.852
0.854
0.855
0.856
0.857
0.858
0.860
0.861
0.862
0.863
0.864
0.866
0.867
0.868
0.869
0.870
0.872
0.873
0.874
0.875
0.876
0.878
0.879
0.880
0.881
0.882
0.882
0.883
0.884
0.885
0.886
0.886
0.887

0.856
0.858
0.859
0.861
0.862
0.864
0.866
0.867
0.869
0.870
0.872
0.874
0.875
0.877
0.878
0.880
0.881
0.882
0.884
0.885
0.886
0.887
0.888
0.890
0.891
0.892
0.893
0.894
0.896
0.897
0.898
0.899
0.900
0.902
0.903
0.904
0.905
0.906
0.908
0.909
0.910
0.911
0.912
0.914
0.915
0.916
0.917
0.918
0.920
0.921

0.876
0.878
0.879
0.881
0.882
0.884
0.886
0.887
0.889
0.890
0.892
0.894
0.895
0.897
0.898
0.900
0.901
0.902
0.904
0.905
0.906
0.907
0.908
0.910
0.911
0.912
0.913
0.914
0.916
0.917
0.918
0.919
0.920
0.922
0.923
0.924
0.925
0.926
0.928
0.929
0.930
0.931
0.932
0.934
0.935
0.936
0.937
0.938
0.940
0.941

0.896
0.898
0.899
0.901
0.902
0.904
0.906
0.907
0.909
0.910
0.912
0.914
0.915
0.917
0.918
0.920
0.921
0.922
0.924
0.925
0.926
0.927
0.928
0.930
0.931
0.932
0.933
0.934
0.936
0.937
0.938
0.939
0.940
0.942
0.943
0.944
0.945
0.946
0.948
0.949
0.950
0.951
0.952
0.954
0.955
0.956
0.957
0.958
0.960
0.961

2.6
2.61
2.62
2.63
2.64
2.65
2.66
2.67
2.68
2.69
2.7
2.71
2.72
2.73
2.74
2.75
2.76
2.77
2.78
2.79
2.8
2.81
2.82
2.83
2.84
2.85
2.86
2.87
2.88
2.89
2.9
2.91
2.92
2.93
2.94
2.95
2.96
2.97
2.98
2.99
3

0.710
0.710
0.710
0.710
0.710
0.710
0.710
0.710
0.710
0.710
0.710
0.710
0.710
0.710
0.710
0.710
0.710
0.710
0.710
0.710
0.710
0.710
0.710
0.710
0.710
0.710
0.710
0.710
0.710
0.710
0.710
0.710
0.710
0.710
0.710
0.710
0.710
0.710
0.710
0.710
0.710

0.820
0.820
0.820
0.820
0.820
0.820
0.820
0.820
0.820
0.820
0.820
0.820
0.820
0.820
0.820
0.820
0.820
0.820
0.820
0.820
0.820
0.820
0.820
0.820
0.820
0.820
0.820
0.820
0.820
0.820
0.820
0.820
0.820
0.820
0.820
0.820
0.820
0.820
0.820
0.820
0.820

0.888
0.889
0.890
0.890
0.891
0.892
0.893
0.894
0.894
0.895
0.896
0.897
0.898
0.898
0.899
0.900
0.901
0.902
0.902
0.903
0.904
0.905
0.906
0.906
0.907
0.908
0.909
0.910
0.910
0.911
0.912
0.913
0.914
0.914
0.915
0.916
0.917
0.918
0.918
0.919
0.920

0.922
0.923
0.924
0.926
0.927
0.928
0.929
0.930
0.932
0.933
0.934
0.935
0.936
0.938
0.939
0.940
0.941
0.942
0.942
0.943
0.944
0.945
0.946
0.946
0.947
0.948
0.949
0.950
0.950
0.951
0.952
0.953
0.954
0.954
0.955
0.956
0.957
0.958
0.958
0.959
0.960

0.942
0.943
0.944
0.946
0.947
0.948
0.949
0.950
0.952
0.953
0.954
0.955
0.956
0.958
0.959
0.960
0.961
0.962
0.964
0.965
0.966
0.967
0.968
0.970
0.971
0.972
0.973
0.974
0.976
0.977
0.978
0.979
0.980
0.982
0.983
0.984
0.985
0.986
0.988
0.989
0.990

0.962
0.963
0.964
0.966
0.967
0.968
0.969
0.970
0.972
0.973
0.974
0.975
0.976
0.978
0.979
0.980
0.981
0.982
0.984
0.985
0.986
0.987
0.988
0.990
0.991
0.992
0.993
0.994
0.996
0.997
0.998
0.999
1.000
1.002
1.003
1.004
1.005
1.006
1.008
1.009
1.010

Fck =

20

% pt =

0.52

Tc =

0.49

Fck =

20

% pt =

0.33

Tc =

0.4

Fck =

20

% pt =

0.65

Tc =

0.53

Fck =

20

% pt =

0.35

Tc =

0.41

% pt
0.15
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2
2.25
2.5
2.75
3

DESIGN SHEAR STRENGTH OF CONCRETE c N/mm2

M15
M20
M25
M30
M35
M40 & ABOVE
15
20
25
30
35
40
0.280
0.280
0.290
0.290
0.290
0.300
0.350
0.360
0.360
0.370
0.370
0.380
0.460
0.480
0.490
0.500
0.500
0.510
0.540
0.560
0.570
0.590
0.590
0.600
0.600
0.620
0.640
0.660
0.670
0.680
0.640
0.670
0.700
0.710
0.730
0.740
0.680
0.720
0.740
0.760
0.780
0.790
0.710
0.750
0.780
0.800
0.820
0.840
0.710
0.790
0.820
0.840
0.860
0.880
0.710
0.810
0.850
0.880
0.900
0.920
0.710
0.820
0.880
0.910
0.930
0.950
0.710
0.820
0.900
0.940
0.960
0.980
0.710
0.820
0.920
0.960
0.990
1.010

Fy =

415

Mu/bd2 =

1.1

% pt =

0.33

Fy =

415

Mu/bd2 =

0.9

% pt =

0.26

TABLE 3
FLEXURE - REINFORCEMENT PERCENTAGE,
pt FOR SINGLY REINFORCED SECTIONS
Mu/bd2
N/mm2
0.30
0.35
0.40
0.45
0.50
0.55
0.60
0.65
0.70
0.75
0.80
0.85
0.90
0.95
1.00
1.05
1.10
1.15
1.20
1.25
1.30
1.35
1.40
1.45
1.50
1.55
1.60
1.65
1.70
1.75
1.80
1.85
1.90
1.95
2.00
2.02
2.04

Fy N/mm2
240
0.146
0.171
0.196
0.222
0.247
0.272
0.298
0.324
0.350
0.376
0.403
0.430
0.456
0.483
0.511
0.538
0.566
0.594
0.622
0.650
0.678
0.707
0.736
0.765
0.795
0.825
0.855
0.885
0.916
0.947
0.978
1.009
1.041
1.073
1.106
1.119
1.132

250
0.140
0.164
0.188
0.213
0.237
0.262
0.286
0.311
0.336
0.361
0.387
0.412
0.438
0.464
0.490
0.517
0.543
0.570
0.597
0.624
0.651
0.679
0.707
0.735
0.763
0.792
0.821
0.850
0.879
0.909
0.939
0.969
1.000
1.030
1.062
1.074
1.087

415
0.085
0.099
0.114
0.128
0.143
0.158
0.172
0.187
0.203
0.218
0.233
0.248
0.264
0.280
0.295
0.311
0.327
0.343
0.359
0.376
0.392
0.409
0.426
0.443
0.460
0.477
0.494
0.512
0.530
0.547
0.565
0.584
0.602
0.621
0.640
0.647
0.655

480
0.073
0.086
0.098
0.111
0.123
0.136
0.149
0.162
0.175
0.188
0.201
0.215
0.228
0.242
0.255
0.269
0.283
0.297
0.311
0.325
0.339
0.354
0.368
0.383
0.397
0.412
0.427
0.443
0.458
0.473
0.489
0.505
0.521
0.537
0.553
0.559
0.566

500
0.070
0.082
0.094
0.106
0.119
0.131
0.143
0.156
0.168
0.181
0.193
0.206
0.219
0.232
0.245
0.258
0.272
0.285
0.298
0.312
0.326
0.339
0.353
0.367
0.382
0.396
0.410
0.425
0.440
0.454
0.469
0.484
0.500
0.515
0.531
0.537
0.543

2.06
2.08
2.10
2.12
2.14
2.16
2.18
2.20
2.22
2.24
2.26
2.28
2.30
2.32
2.34
2.36
2.38
2.40
2.42
2.44
2.46
2.48
2.50
2.52
2.54
2.56
2.58
2.60
2.62
2.64
2.66
2.68
2.70
2.72
2.74
2.76
2.78
2.80
2.82
2.84
2.86
2.88
2.90
2.92
2.94
2.96
2.98

1.145
1.159
1.172
1.185
1.199
1.212
1.226
1.239
1.253
1.267
1.281
1.295
1.309
1.323
1.337
1.351
1.365
1.380
1.394
1.408
1.423
1.438
1.452
1.467
1.482
1.497
1.512
1.527
1.542
1.558
1.573
1.588
1.604
1.620
1.636
1.651
1.667
1.683
1.700
1.716
1.732
1.749
1.766
1.782
1.799
1.816
1.833

1.099
1.112
1.125
1.138
1.151
1.164
1.177
1.190
1.203
1.216
1.230
1.243
1.256
1.270
1.283
1.297
1.311
1.324
1.338
1.352
1.366
1.380
1.394
1.408
1.423
1.437
1.451
1.466
1.481
1.495
1.510
1.525
1.540
1.555
1.570
1.585
1.601
1.616
1.632
1.647
1.663
1.679
1.695
1.711
1.727
1.743
1.760

0.662
0.670
0.678
0.685
0.693
0.701
0.709
0.717
0.725
0.733
0.741
0.749
0.757
0.765
0.773
0.781
0.790
0.798
0.806
0.814
0.823
0.831
0.840
0.848
0.857
0.866
0.874
0.883
0.892
0.901
0.910
0.919
0.928
0.937
0.946
0.955
-

0.573
0.579
0.586
0.593
0.599
0.606
0.613
0.620
0.627
0.633
0.640
0.647
0.654
0.661
0.668
0.675
0.683
0.690
0.697
0.704
0.711
0.719
0.726
0.734
0.741
0.748
0.756
0.764
0.771
0.779
0.786
0.794
-

0.550
0.556
0.562
0.569
0.575
0.582
0.588
0.595
0.602
0.608
0.615
0.621
0.628
0.635
0.642
0.648
0.655
0.662
0.669
0.676
0.683
0.690
0.697
0.704
0.711
0.719
0.726
0.733
0.740
0.748
0.755
-

Fy =

415

Mu/bd2 =

1.1

% pt =

0.32

Fy =

415

Mu/bd2 =

0.9

% pt =

0.26

TABLE 3
FLEXURE - REINFORCEMENT PERCENTAGE,
pt FOR SINGLY REINFORCED SECTIONS
Mu/bd2
N/mm2
0.30
0.35
0.40
0.45
0.50
0.55
0.60
0.65
0.70
0.75
0.80
0.85
0.90
0.95
1.00
1.05
1.10
1.15
1.20
1.25
1.30
1.35
1.40
1.45
1.50
1.55
1.60
1.65
1.70
1.75
1.80
1.85
1.90
1.95
2.00
2.05
2.10

Fy N/mm2
240
0.146
0.171
0.195
0.220
0.245
0.271
0.296
0.321
0.347
0.373
0.399
0.425
0.451
0.477
0.504
0.530
0.557
0.584
0.611
0.638
0.666
0.693
0.721
0.749
0.777
0.805
0.834
0.862
0.891
0.920
0.949
0.979
1.009
1.038
1.068
1.099
1.129

250
0.140
0.164
0.188
0.211
0.236
0.260
0.284
0.309
0.333
0.358
0.383
0.408
0.433
0.458
0.483
0.509
0.535
0.561
0.587
0.613
0.639
0.666
0.692
0.719
0.746
0.773
0.800
0.828
0.856
0.883
0.911
0.940
0.968
0.997
1.026
1.055
1.084

415
0.084
0.099
0.113
0.127
0.142
0.156
0.171
0.186
0.201
0.216
0.231
0.246
0.261
0.276
0.291
0.307
0.322
0.338
0.353
0.369
0.385
0.401
0.417
0.433
0.449
0.466
0.482
0.499
0.515
0.532
0.549
0.566
0.583
0.601
0.618
0.635
0.653

480
0.073
0.085
0.098
0.110
0.123
0.135
0.148
0.161
0.174
0.186
0.199
0.212
0.225
0.239
0.252
0.265
0.279
0.292
0.306
0.319
0.333
0.347
0.360
0.374
0.388
0.403
0.417
0.431
0.446
0.460
0.475
0.489
0.504
0.519
0.534
0.549
0.565

500
0.070
0.082
0.094
0.106
0.118
0.130
0.142
0.154
0.167
0.179
0.191
0.204
0.216
0.229
0.242
0.255
0.267
0.280
0.293
0.306
0.320
0.333
0.346
0.359
0.373
0.387
0.400
0.414
0.428
0.442
0.456
0.470
0.484
0.498
0.513
0.527
0.542

2.15
2.20
2.25
2.30
2.35
2.40
2.45
2.50
2.55
2.60
2.65
2.70
2.75
2.80
2.85
2.90
2.95
3.00
3.05
3.10
3.15
3.20
3.25
3.30
3.32
3.34
3.36
3.38
3.40
3.42
3.44
3.46
3.48
3.50
3.52
3.54
3.56
3.58
3.60
3.62
3.64
3.66
3.68
3.70
3.72
3.74

1.160
1.191
1.222
1.254
1.285
1.317
1.350
1.382
1.415
1.448
1.482
1.515
1.549
1.584
1.618
1.653
1.689
1.724
1.760
1.797
1.834
1.871
1.909
1.947
1.962
1.978
1.993
2.009
2.025
2.040
2.056
2.072
2.088
2.104
2.120
2.137
2.153
2.170
2.186
2.203
2.219
2.236
2.253
2.270
2.287
2.304

1.114
1.143
1.173
1.204
1.234
1.265
1.296
1.327
1.358
1.390
1.422
1.455
1.487
1.520
1.554
1.587
1.621
1.655
1.690
1.725
1.760
1.796
1.832
1.869
1.884
1.899
1.914
1.929
1.944
1.959
1.974
1.989
2.005
2.020
2.036
2.051
2.067
2.083
2.099
2.115
2.131
2.147
2.163
2.179
2.196
-

0.671
0.689
0.707
0.725
0.743
0.762
0.781
0.799
0.818
0.837
0.857
0.876
0.896
0.916
0.936
0.956
0.977
0.997
1.018
1.039
1.061
1.082
1.104
1.126
1.135
1.144
1.153
1.162
1.171
1.180
1.189
-

0.580
0.596
0.611
0.627
0.643
0.659
0.675
0.691
0.708
0.724
0.741
0.758
0.775
0.792
0.809
0.827
0.844
0.862
0.880
0.898
0.917
0.936
0.954
0.973
0.981
0.989
-

0.557
0.572
0.587
0.602
0.617
0.632
0.648
0.663
0.679
0.695
0.711
0.727
0.744
0.760
0.777
0.794
0.811
0.828
0.845
0.863
0.880
0.898
0.916
0.935
0.942
-

Fy =

415

Mu/bd2 =

1.1

% pt =

0.32

Fy =

415

Mu/bd2 =

0.9

% pt =

0.26

TABLE 3
FLEXURE - REINFORCEMENT PERCENTAGE,
pt FOR SINGLY REINFORCED SECTIONS
Mu/bd2
N/mm2
0.30
0.35
0.40
0.45
0.50
0.55
0.60
0.65
0.70
0.75
0.80
0.85
0.90
0.95
1.00
1.05
1.10
1.15
1.20
1.25
1.30
1.35
1.40
1.45
1.50
1.55
1.60
1.65
1.70
1.75
1.80
1.85
1.90
1.95
2.00
2.05
2.10

Fy N/mm2
240
0.145
0.170
0.195
0.219
0.244
0.269
0.294
0.320
0.345
0.370
0.396
0.422
0.447
0.473
0.499
0.525
0.552
0.578
0.608
0.631
0.658
0.685
0.712
0.739
0.766
0.793
0.821
0.849
0.876
0.904
0.932
0.961
0.989
1.018
1.046
1.075
1.104

250
0.140
0.163
0.187
0.211
0.235
0.259
0.283
0.307
0.331
0.356
0.380
0.405
0.429
0.454
0.479
0.504
0.529
0.555
0.580
0.606
0.631
0.657
0.683
0.709
0.735
0.762
0.788
0.815
0.841
0.868
0.895
0.922
0.950
0.977
1.005
1.032
1.060

415
0.084
0.098
0.113
0.127
0.141
0.156
0.170
0.185
0.200
0.214
0.229
0.244
0.259
0.274
0.289
0.304
0.319
0.334
0.350
0.365
0.380
0.396
0.411
0.427
0.443
0.459
0.475
0.491
0.507
0.523
0.539
0.556
0.572
0.589
0.605
0.622
0.639

480
0.073
0.085
0.097
0.110
0.122
0.135
0.147
0.160
0.172
0.185
0.198
0.211
0.224
0.237
0.250
0.263
0.276
0.289
0.302
0.315
0.329
0.342
0.356
0.369
0.383
0.397
0.410
0.424
0.438
0.452
0.466
0.480
0.495
0.509
0.523
0.538
0.552

500
0.070
0.082
0.093
0.105
0.117
0.129
0.141
0.153
0.166
0.178
0.190
0.202
0.215
0.227
0.240
0.252
0.265
0.277
0.290
0.303
0.316
0.329
0.342
0.355
0.368
0.381
0.394
0.407
0.421
0.434
0.448
0.461
0.475
0.488
0.502
0.516
0.530

2.15
2.20
2.25
2.30
2.35
2.40
2.45
2.50
2.55
2.60
2.65
2.70
2.75
2.80
2.85
2.90
2.95
3.00
3.05
3.10
3.15
3.20
3.25
3.30
3.35
3.40
3.45
3.50
3.55
3.60
3.65
3.70
3.75
3.80
3.85
3.90
3.95
4.00
4.05
4.10
4.15
4.20
4.25
4.30
4.35
4.40
4.45

1.134
1.163
1.192
1.222
1.252
1.282
1.312
1.343
1.374
1.404
1.435
1.467
1.498
1.530
1.562
1.594
1.626
1.659
1.691
1.725
1.758
1.791
1.825
1.859
1.893
1.928
1.963
1.998
2.034
2.069
2.105
2.142
2.178
2.215
2.253
2.291
2.329
2.367
2.406
2.445
2.485
2.525
2.566
2.607
2.648
2.690
2.733

1.088
1.116
1.145
1.173
1.202
1.231
1.260
1.289
1.319
1.348
1.378
1.408
1.438
1.469
1.499
1.530
1.561
1.592
1.624
1.656
1.687
1.720
1.752
1.785
1.818
1.851
1.884
1.918
1.952
1.986
2.021
2.056
2.091
2.127
2.163
2.199
2.236
2.273
2.310
2.348
2.386
2.424
2.463
2.502
2.542
2.583
2.623

0.656
0.630
0.690
0.707
0.724
0.742
0.759
0.777
0.794
0.812
0.830
0.848
0.866
0.885
0.903
0.922
0.940
0.959
0.978
0.997
1.017
1.036
1.055
1.075
1.095
1.115
1.135
1.156
1.176
1.197
1.218
1.239
1.260
1.281
1.303
1.325
1.347
1.369
1.391
1.414
-

0.567
0.581
0.596
0.611
0.626
0.641
0.656
0.671
0.687
0.702
0.718
0.733
0.749
0.765
0.781
0.797
0.813
0.829
0.846
0.862
0.879
0.896
0.913
0.930
0.947
0.964
0.981
0.999
1.017
1.035
1.053
1.071
1.089
1.108
1.126
1.145
1.164
1.184
-

0.544
0.558
0.572
0.587
0.601
0.615
0.630
0.645
0.659
0.674
0.689
0.707
0.719
0.734
0.750
0.765
0.781
0.796
0.812
0.828
0.844
0.860
0.876
0.892
0.909
0.925
0.942
0.959
0.976
0.993
1.011
1.028
1.046
1.063
1.081
1.099
1.118
-