Gas Turbine Protection Systems

By R S V Nageswara Rao BHEL,Hyderabad.

Protection Systems
Turbine protection system consists of number of subsystems
which operate during each normal start-up and shutdown Few operate strictly during emergency and abnormal operating conditions.

Protection systems are set up to

Detect and alarm the failure. If the failure is of serious nature, protection system will trip the turbine.

Protection system responds to:

Simple trip signals like

low lube oil pressure high gas compressor discharge pressure etc.

Protection Systems
More Complex parameters like

Over speed Over temperature High Vibration, Combustion monitor Loss of flame etc..

To ensure the safety and safe operation of turbine Speedtronic system is equipped with master control and protection circuit

Protection Systems
Turbine Protection systems includes:
Trip Oil

Inlet orifice, Check Valves & Orifice network Pressure switches Dump valves

Over speed Protection

Primary Electronic Over speed trip Secondary Electronic Over speed trip

Over Temperature Protection

Over temperature alarm (L30TXA) Over temperature Trip (L86TXT)

Flame Detection and Protection System

Protection Systems
Vibration Protection
High Vibration Alarm & Trip Vibration transducer fault Alarm
Primary OS Over temp Vibra tion Comb Monitor
Relay Voting Module Master Prot. Circuit <RST>

GCV

Gas Fuel Control Valve

SRV

Gas Fuel Speed Ra Stop Valv

Combustion monitoring
Spread calculations Exhaust Thermocouple Trouble Alarm Combustion Trouble Alarm High Exhaust Temperature Spread Trip Spread monitor enable

20 FG

Sec OS Loss Of Flame

Master Prot. Circuit <XYZ>

Bypass Valve Servo valve

FUEL PUMP

Relay Voting Module

20 FL

Liquid Fuel Stop Valve

Trip Functions
Primary Over speed Detected Emergency Over speed Detected Loss Of Speed Signal Vibration Trip Exhaust Over temp Trip High Lube Oil Temp Trip Low Lube Oil Pressure Trip Inlet/Exhaust duct pressure Trip Compt. Fire Detection Trip Loss of Flame Trip Generator Differential Trip Manual Trip Customer Trip

OR

TRIP TURBINE

Trip Oil protection

It is a primary protection interface between the turbine control and protection system and the components of the turbine which admit or shut-off, fuel. System devices are electrically operated by Speedtronic control system as well as some totally mechanical devices.
Protective Signals Master Protection L4 Circuits Orifice And Check Valve Network

Manual Trip When Provided)

20 FG

20 FL

Liquid Fuel

Liquid Fu Stop Val

63HL

INLET ORIFICE OVERSPEED TRIP 12HA 63HG RESET Manual Trip

Gas fuel

Gas Fuel Speed Ratio/ Stop Value

Gas Fuel Dump Relay Valve

OH

Over Speed Protection

TNH TNKHOS TNKHOST LK3HOST L86MR1 <RST> <XYZ> High Pressure Over Speed Trip HP Speed A Trip Setpoint Test Test Premissive Master Reset
A>B

Electronic Over speed function is performed in <RST> and <XYZ>.

TNH is compared with TNKHOS. When TNH>TNKHOS, turbine is tripped and latched till Reset. ELECTRICAL OVERSPEED TRIP is displayed in CRT.

L12H T Ma Set P And A Latch Al M

Reset

OLT 12HP Manual Reset Manual Trip OD Overspeed Bolt

Mechanical Over speed system Consists of

Over speed bolt assembly in accessory gear box. Over speed trip mechanism in the accessory gear. Position limit switch 12 HA. Acts as a back-up control Trip setting > Electronic Setting

Over Temperature Protection

OVER-TEMP. TRIP & ALARM. TTXM TTXOT3 ALARM A A>B B L30TXA ALARM

Protects GT against possible damages against Over firing.

ISO TRIP 40F 40F

To Ala Messa And Spee Setpo Lowe

TTRXB TTXOT2

90 F

A A>B B A A>B B

O R Set And Latch Reset

TREF

TTXOT1 L86MR1

TRIP Isothermal

30F

To Maste Prot. And Alarm Msg

25F 25F

TRIP ALARM CONTROL

CPD

It is a backup protection system, operates only after the failure of other control systems.

Flame Detection & Protection

Speedtronic Mark-V flame detectors perform two functions
One in the Sequencing system other in Protective system

Flame detected by UV radiation. Speedtronic control furnish +350VDC to drive the UV detector tube. In the presence of UV radiation, the gas in the detector tube ionizes and conducts current. Speedtronic counts the no.of current pulses/sec through UV sensor. Typically 300 pulses/sec when strong UV signal is present.

Flame Detection & Protection

Speedtronic MK-V Flame Detection 28FD UV SCANNER TUEBINE PROTECTION LOGIC

<P>
ANALOG I/O (Flame Detection Channels)

28FD UV SCANNER

28FD UV SCANNER

FLAME DETECTION LOGIC

CRT DISPLAY

28FD UV SCANNER

TURBINE CONTROL LOGIC

NOTE: Excitation for the sensor and signal processing is performed by SPEEDTRONIC MK V circuits

Vibration Protection
<RST>

Gas Turbine unit comprises

Several independent vibration channels Each channel detects excessive vibration by a seismic pickup Each channel includes one vibration pickup (velocity type) and a Speedtronic Mark-V amplifier circuit. Vibration detectors generate a relatively low voltage by the relative motion of a permanent magnet suspended in a coil and therefore no excitation is required. Vibration protection system trips the turbine when vibration level exceeds predetermined level.
30V

L30TEST OR FAULT L39VF

FAULT

A VF A<B B A VA A>B B A VT A>B B AND TRIP

ALARM TRIP

ALARM L39VA
SET AND L39VT LATCH RESET

Auto Or Manual Reset

Speedtronic control generates

High Vibration Trip Vibration Transducer Fault

Combustion Monitoring
to reduce the likelihood of extensive damage to the gas turbine if the combustion system deteriorates. Continuously examines the exhaust temperature and compressor discharge temperature thermocouples. Reliability of combustion monitor depends on condition of exhaust thermocouples. Several software programs are written to achieve this.
CTDA
TTKSPL1 TTKSPL2 Median Select

Primary function

<RST>
Combustion Monitor Algorithm

TTXS
Calculate Allowable Spread Median Select

TTXC
TTKSPL5 TTKSPL7 Constants

TTXD2
Calculate Actual Spreads

A A>B B A A>B B A A>B B A A>B B

L60S

L60S

L60S

L60S