RAJALAKSHMI ENGINEERING COLLEGE

Thandalam, Chennai 602 105 LESSON PLAN Faculty Name1: SENIOR LECTURER Faculty Name2: P.THIRUSENTHILKUMARAN Designation: LECTURER K. JAYASHREE Designation:

Department: ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING Subject TRANSMISSION AND : Code : Name DISTRIBUTION Semest Year : III : er
Degree & Branch

EE 2303 V A&B

B.E. E.E.E.

Section :

Aim:
To understand the importance and the functioning of transmission and distribution of the Electric power in an electrical utility (or) a power system.

Objectives:
i. ii. To develop expressions for the computation of transmission line parameters. To obtain the equivalent circuits for the transmission lines based on distance and operating voltage for determining voltage regulation and efficiency. Also to improve the voltage profile of the transmission system. iii. To analyses the voltage distribution in insulator strings and cables and methods to improve the same. iv. To understand the operation of the different distribution schemes. SYLLABUS 1. INTRODUCTION 9

Structure of electric power system - different operating voltages of generation, transmission and distribution advantage of higher operating voltage for AC transmission. An introduction to EHV AC transmission, HVDC transmission and FACTs. Mechanical design of transmission line between towers sag and tension

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calculations using approximate equations taking into account the effect of ice and wind.

2. TRANSMISSION LINE PARAMETERS 9 Parameters of resistance, inductance and capacitance calculations - single and three phase transmission lines - single and double circuits - solid, stranded and bundled conductors - symmetrical and unsymmetrical spacing transposition of lines - concepts of GMR and GMD - skin and proximity effects - interference with neighbouring communication circuits. Corona discharge characteristics critical voltage and loss. (Simple diagrams of typical towers and conductors for 400, 220 and 110 kV operations) 3. MODELLING AND PERFORMANCE OF TRANSMISSION LINES 9 Transmission line classification - short line, medium line and long line - equivalent circuits Ferranti effect - surge impedance, attenuation constant and phase constant - voltage regulation and transmission efficiency - real and reactive power flow in lines power circle diagrams shunt and series compensation. An introduction to power angle diagram - surge-impedance loading, loadability limits based on thermal loading; angle and voltage stability considerations. 4. INSULATORS AND CABLES 9

Classification of insulators for transmission and distribution purpose voltage distribution in insulator string and grading - improvement of string efficiency. Underground cables - constructional features of LT and HT cables insulation resistance, capacitance, dielectric stress and grading tan and power loss thermal characteristics. 5. 9 Classification, functions and major components of substations. Bus-bar arrangements - substation bus schemes - single bus, double bus with double breaker, double bus with single breaker, main and transfer bus, ring bus, breaker-and-a-half with two main buses, double bus-bar with bypass isolators. Importance of earthing in a substation. Qualitative treatment to neutral grounding and earthing practises in substations. SUBSTATION, GROUNDING SYSTEM AND DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

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Feeders, distributors and service mains. DC distributor 2-wire and 3-wire, radial and ring main distribution. AC distribution single phase and three phase 4-wire distribution. .

Text Book(s): 1. B.R.Gupta, Power System Analysis and Design, S. Chand, New Delhi, 2003. 2. S.N. Singh, Electric Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution, Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi, 2002. Reference Book(s):

1. Luces M. Fualkenberry, Walter Coffer, Electrical Power Distribution and

Transmission, Pearson Education, 1996. 2. Hadi Saadat, Power System Analysis, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Company, 2003. 3. Central Electricity Authority (CEA), Guidelines for Transmission System Planning, New Delhi. 4. Tamil Nadu Electricity Board Handbook, 2003.

LESSON PLAN
Sl. No. Date/Act ual period Plann ed Period UNIT- I Unit Topic(s) Boo k No. INTRODUCTION Introduction about T1 Electricity Transmission Distribution and 1 CB, PPT Mode Page(s ) of Teachi ng

1.

2.

Structure electric system

of power

T1 2-3 T1 PPT

3.

3,4

Different operating voltages of generation, transmission and distribution. Advantages of higher operating voltage for AC transmission An introduction to EHV AC

5-11

CB

4.

T1

459476

PPT

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transmission

5. 6. 7.

6,7 8 9

HVDC transmission FACT Devices

T2

299320 321341 138142

PPT PPT CB

8.

10,11

Mechanical design of transmission line between towers Sag and tension calculations using approximate equations taking into account the effect of ice and wind.

T1 T1

142147

CB

9. 10.

12 13

I I

REVISION TEST

CB

UNIT II TRANSMISSION LINE PARAMETERS 14,15, 16

Parameters of resistance, inductance and capacitance calculations Single and three phase transmission lines, single and double circuits Solid, stranded and bundled conductors, symmetrical and unsymmetrical spacing Transposition of lines Concepts of GMR and GMD Skin and proximity effects, Interference with communication circuits Corona discharge characteristics, critical voltage and loss

T1 12-44 T1 12-44 T1 12-44 T2 T2 T1 160,16 1 157159 172179 T1 160170 T1 139141 CB CB CB CB

11.

II

12.

17,18, 19

II

13.

20,21

II

14. 15. 16.

22 23 24

II II II

CB CB&PP T CB

17.

25

II

18.

26

II

(Simple diagrams of typical towers and conductors for 400, 220 and 110 kV

CB

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operations)

19. 20.

27 28

II II

REVISION TEST

CB

UNIT-III MODELLING AND PERFORMANCE OF TRANSMISSION LINES T1 Classifications: 29,30, Short , Medium and 21. III 53-74 CB 31 Long transmission 22. 23. 24. 25. 32 33 34 35 III III III III
lines. Equivalent circuits Ferranti effect Surge impedance Attenuation constant and phase constant Voltage regulation transmission

T1 T1 T1 T1

74-83 83,84 369 69

CB CB CB CB

T1 53 T1 T1 T1 T1 CB

26.

36,37

III

and

efficiency Real and reactive power flow in lines. Power circle diagrams Shunt and series compensation An introduction to power angle diagram Surge-impedance loading, load ability limits based on

27. 28. 29.

38,39 40 41

III III III

86-89 99-117 468473 413455

CB CB CB

30.

42

III

CB

T1

31.

43

III

584589

thermal stability

loading,

CB

angle and voltage considerations

32. 33.

44 45

III III

REVISION TEST

CB

34.

UNIT IV INSULATORS AND CABLES Classification of 46 IV T1

122-

CB

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35. 36.

47,48 49

IV IV

insulators for transmission and distribution purpose Voltage distribution in insulator string and grading Improvement string efficiency of

125 T1 T1 T1 180207 T1 188199 T2 T1 295 199203 CB PPT 125 126 CB CB

37.

50,51

IV

Underground cables, constructional features of LT and HT cable Insulation resistance, capacitance, dielectric stress and grading Tan and power loss Thermal characteristics

38.

52, 53, 54

IV

39. 40. 41. 42. UNIT V

55,56 57 58 59

IV IV IV IV

CB CB CB

REVISION TEST T2 383,38 4 T2

bus single bus double

SUBSTATION, GROUNDING AND DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

Classification, functions and major components of substations Bus-bar arrangements Substation schemes bus, with double

43.

60

PPT

44. 45.

61 62

V V

384,38 5 385390

PPT PPT

T2

breaker, double bus with single breaker, main and transfer bus, ring bus, breaker-and-a-half

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with bar

two with

main bypass

buses, double busisolators.

46.

63

47.

64

48. 49.

65 66

V V

Importance of earthing in a substation Qualitative treatment to neutral grounding and earthing practises in substations Feeders, distributors and service mains DC distributor 2wire and 3-wire Radial and ring main distribution AC distribution : Single phase and three phase 4-wire distribution

T2

395 Hand

CB

R3

Book TNEB 354379 367368 Hand Book TNEB Hand

CB

T2 T2

CB CB

50.

67

R3

CB

51.

68

R3

Book TNEB

CB

52.

69

REVISION TEST

&

CB

CB Chalk Board, PPT Power Point Presentation

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