PREFACE Principles of Computer Communication Networks is primarily intended for use in an undergraduate course in Computer Networks and Communication

Systems. The method of presentation of each chapter makes this book a comprehensive resource for anyone pursuing a career in telecommunications and data communication. It also serves as a beginner's guide to communication systems, transmission media, data communication protocols and standards, networking and error detection and correction techniques. This book is divided into seven chapters: the first three chapters deal with fundamental issues and concepts of communication networks along with their transmission media. Chapter four detailed on the OSI/ISO protocol architecture while chapter five and six focused on protocols and standards of communication networks. Finally, it ends with methods for detection and correction of transmission errors. I sincerely appreciate God Almighty for His infinite mercy, wisdom and protection over my family. Thanks to my dearly beloved brother: G. J. Okundamiya, Esq. for his support and concern in taking time out of his tight schedule to edit this book. M. S. Okundamiya October, 2009. st_mico@yahoo.com

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CONTENTS Preface Contents Chapter One: Rudiments of Communication Networks 1.1 Introduction 1.2 1.3 Basic Communication System Transmission Impairments 1 2 7 7 8 8 10 vi vii

1.3.1 Attenuation Distortion 1.3.2 Delay Distortion 1.3.3 Noise 1.4 Types of Communication Systems Chapter Two: Transmission Media 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 Introduction Twisted Pair Coaxial Cable Optical Fibre Terrestrial Radio Satellite Radio Chapter Three: Issues in Computer Communication Networks 3.1 3.2 Introduction Switching Techniques

11 11 12 13 15 17

20 20

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iii 21 21 21 25 25 27 28 28 29 35

3.2.1 3.2.2 3.2.3 3.3 3.3.1 3.3.2 3.3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6

Circuit Switching Message Switching Packet Switching Switching Mechanisms Virtual Circuit (Connection-Oriented) Mechanism Datagram Service Mechanism Source Routing Mechanism Services and Applications Design Considerations in Computer Networking Need for Layered Approach and Protocol Standards Chapter Four: ISO/OSI Protocol Architecture

4.1 4.2 4.2.1 4.2.2 4.2.3 4.2.4 4.2.5 4.2.6 4.2.7 4.3 4.4

Introduction Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Reference Model Physical Layer Data-Link Layer Network Layer Transport Layer Session Layer Presentation Layer Application Layer Network Interface Adapters Protocols in Network Communications Chapter Five: Local Area Network Protocols and Standards

38 38 42 44 49 51 52 52 53 54 55

5.1

Introduction

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iv 5.2 5.2.1 5.2.2 5.2.3 5.2.4 5.2.5 5.2.6 5.3 5.4 5.4.1 5.4.2 5.5 5.5.1 5.5.2 5.6 5.7 5.7.1 5.7.2 5.7.3 5.7.4 5.7.5 5.7.6 5.8 5.8.1 5.8.2 5.8.3 LAN Topologies Bus Topology Star Topology Tree Topology Ring Topology

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58 59 61 62 63 65 65 67 68 69 70 70 71 71 72 75 75 76 77 78 79 80 80 81 82 82

Hierarchical Star Topology Mesh Topology Classification of LANs Ethernet LAN Ethernet Addresses Ethernet Frame Format LAN Protocol Layers Physical Layer Data-Link Layer Medium Access Control Protocols in LANs LAN Standards IEEE 802.2 Standard IEEE 802.3 Standard IEEE 802.4 Standard IEEE 802.5 Standard IEEE 802.12 Standard Fibre Distributed Data Interface (FDDI) LAN LAN Bridge Local Bridge Translation Bridge Remote Bridge

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v 82 83 84 86 86 87 89 89

5.9 5.9.1 5.9.2 5.9.3 5.9.4 5.9.5 5.9.6 5.9.7

Wireless LANs Standards Wireless LANs Topologies IEEE 802.11 Family Standards Medium Access Control Wireless Fidelity Mobile IP IEEE 802.15.3 Standard High Performance LAN Chapter Six: Wide Area Networking and X.25 Protocols

6.1 6.2 6.3 6.3.1 6.3.2

Introduction Issues in Wide Area Networking Overview of X.25 Satellite-Based X.25 Network Addressing in X.25 Networks Chapter Seven: Error Detection and Correction Techniques

91 91 92 98 99

7.1 7.2 7.2.1 7.2.2 7.3

Introduction Error Detection Techniques Parity Block Codes Error Correction Techniques Index References

101 102 102 103 106 110 114

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Henry, P. S. 2002. WiFi: What's Next? IEEE Communications Magazine, 40 (12): 66 72. Khun-Jush, J. et al. 2002. HiperLAN2: Broadband Wireless

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