PRI TABLE VERSIO

Test 3

You scored 81.04 out of 104.96

Question 1

Your answer is CORRECT.

Which of the following statements about evolution is false? A) B) Evolution depends on the genetic variability in a population. Evolution is a change over time in the genetic composition of a population of organisms.

Evolution is about the formation of the most complex structures, since these are the only types that prove C) benefical to an organism. "Descent with modification" was Darwin's explanation of life which rejected the idea that species cannot D) change. E) A-D are all true statements, none are false.

Question 2

Your answer is INCORRECT.

Lamarck was correct in his A) B) C) D) E) theory of use and disuse concerning an organism's organs or other body parts. view that organisms can change in response to their environment. view that acquired traits could be passed on to offspring. theory of how giraffes evolved long necks. Lamarck was correct in all of A-D.

Question 3

Your answer is INCORRECT.

Which of the following did not influence Darwin in terms of formulating his theory of evolution? A) B) C) Breeding of animals directed by humans. The ancient view that life was unrelated and organized into a ladder from simple to complex forms. Malthus' essay on food supply and population growth.

D) E)

Geological evidence indicating the Earth was much older than 6000 years. All were influences on Darwin.

Question 4

Your answer is INCORRECT.

Natural selection acts on _______ variation; however, evolution depends on _______ variation. A) B) C) D) E) phenotypic; genetic genetic; phenotypic genetic; environmentally-induced environmentally-induced; phenotypic artificially-induced; genetic

Question 5

Your answer is CORRECT.

Which of the following statements are true about natural selection? A) B) C) D) E) Natural selection directs evolution by preserving traits acquired during an individual's lifetime. Natural selection creates mutations paving the way for new structures to evolve. Natural selection selects against favorable traits and selects for unfavorable traits. Natural selection allows only those that are the biggest and strongest to survive. None of A-D are true; all are false.

Question 6

Your answer is INCORRECT.

The following are true concerning adaptations except: A) B) C) are modifications of existing structures usually arise through mutation similar adapations can occur in very different species

any type of adaptation can potentially arise in an organism regardless of the body plan & structure of the D) organism E) all (A-D) are true statements

Question 7

Your answer is CORRECT.

Human directed breeding to develop crops and animals with specific characteristics is termed: A) B) C) D) E) natural selection. mutation. artificial selection. hormones. allopolyploidy.

Question 8

Your answer is CORRECT.

The following are true concerning fossils except: A) B) C) D) E) The fossil record represents a chronological history of life on Earth. In geological formations, younger fossils are found near the top, older ones toward the bottom. Fossils provide direct evidence that support the theory of evolution. All the ancestors of species living today have been found in the fossil record. Fossils can provide the timing of evolutionary events.

Question 9

Your answer is CORRECT.

Non-functional structures present in modern day species that were once functional among their ancestral forms are referred to as: A) B) C) D) E) Homologous structures Vestigial structures Homoplastic structures Developmental structures Extinct structures

Question 10

Your answer is CORRECT.

Darwin's theory explains that ______ is the process that resulted in the diversity of life on Earth, and _______ is

the mechanism by which this occurred. A) B) C) D) E) evolution; homology allopatric speciation; natural selection evolution; natural selection microevolution; macroevolution adaptation; mutation

Question 11

Your answer is CORRECT.

Which pair is not correctly associated with each other? A) B) C) D) E) evolution : occurs in a linear fashion, rather than in a branching form modern whale's ancestor : 4-legged, terrestrial mammal biogeography : accounts for the similarity in species between North America & Europe Aristotle : created the "Scala Naturae" Galapagos islands : Darwin's finches

Question 12

Your answer is CORRECT.

A population evolves when A) B) C) D) E) environmentally-induced variation changes between generations. individuals with different genotypes survive or reproduce at different rates. allele frequencies deviate from those predicted by the Hardy-Weinberg equation. allele frequencies change due to gene flow. A-D all apply to evolving populations.

Question 13

Your answer is CORRECT.

Which of the following is false concerning the genetic structure of a population? A) B) The population's gene pool is defined as all the alleles at all gene loci of all members in the population. For a population in which the frequency of allele A is 1.0, every individual would be homozygous for that

character. Genotype frequencies reveal how the genetic variation for a particular character is distributed among C) members of the population. Quantitative phenotypic variation for a particular character in the population would be observed as D) incremental differences among population members, rather than as two or more distinct states. E) None of A-D are false; they are all true statements.

Question 14

Your answer is INCORRECT.

When researchers observe populations that have large deviations from HardyWeinberg equilibrium, they can safely dismiss which of the following mechanisms as the explanation for the deviation? A) B) C) D) E) Natural selection Gene flow Nonrandom mating Mutation None of the above

Question 15

Your answer is CORRECT.

A population has 200 individuals with genotype DD, 500 of genotype Dd and 300 of genotype dd. What is the frequency of the dominant D allele? A) B) C) D) E) 0.70 0.30 0.45 0.55 0.90

Question 16

Your answer is INCORRECT.

The ability to taste the chemical PTC (phenylthio carbamide) is determined in humans by a dominant allele T, with tasters having the genotypes Tt or TT and nontasters having tt. If you discover that 36 percent of the members of a population cannot taste PTC, then according to the HardyWeinberg rule, the frequency of the T allele should be what? [p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1]

A) B) C) D) E)

0.40 0.60 0.64 0.80 0.36

Question 17

Your answer is CORRECT.

The only survivors of a colony on Venus are a man and a woman, who happen to be both originally from the southern Russia. Their descendants will show the effect of A) B) C) D) E) genetic drift. gene flow. excessive mutation. frequency-dependent selection. random mating.

Question 18

Your answer is CORRECT.

Over the long run, mutations are important to evolution because A) B) C) D) E) they are the ultimate source of new alleles. once an allele is lost through mutation, another mutation to that same allele cannot occur. most mutation rates are one in a thousand. whether good or bad, mutations increase the fitness of an individual. mutations are almost always beneficial to progeny that inherit them.

Question 19

Your answer is CORRECT.

Which cat has the highest fitness? A) B) Tabby (12 lbs), who died at 13, fathered 19 kittens, 15 of which survived to adulthood. Chessy (10 lbs), who died at 16, fathered 25 kittens, 14 of which survived to adulthood.

C) D)

Tiger (6lbs), who died at 9, fathered 20 kittens, 19 of which survived to adulthood. Tony (8lbs), who died at 12, fathered 20 kittens, 15 of which survived to adulthood.

Question 20

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_______ selection operates if individuals within a population with the smallest and average body sizes have fewer offspring than those of larger body size. A) B) C) D) E) Stabilizing Destabilizing Sexual Directional Disruptive

Question 21

Your answer is CORRECT.

The two graphs above represent phenotypic distribution of color variants in a population of organisms over time. The dashed line represents the distribution at an initial sampling time, while the second represents a sampling of a later generation. The graphs suggest that A) B) as the population evolved, the extreme phenotypes were selected against. as the population evolved, the intermediate phenotypes had greater reproductive success than the extreme

phenotypes. C) D) E) the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. natural selection is not occurring. Both A and B are correct.

Question 22

Your answer is INCORRECT.

A particular fish species preys on shrimp. When shrimp are abundant, they preferentially eat the largest shrimp; when shrimp are scarce, the fish eats all sizes. This illustrates the phenomenon of A) B) C) D) E) stabilizing selection. directional selection. disruptive selection. frequency dependent selection. genetic drift.

Question 23

Your answer is CORRECT.

A major flaw of the morphological species concept is that A) B) C) D) E) it requires detailed knowledge of genetics and mating behavior. males and females of a single species do not necessarily look alike. it is a very recent concept. it goes against the binomial system of classification. it is incompatible with Darwinian ideas.

Question 24

Your answer is CORRECT.

Which of the following are necessary for speciation to occur? A) B) C) Reproductive isolation of two groups of organisms Lack of genetic divergence between organisms A reduction in the number of individuals in a population

D) E)

Gene flow between two populations None of the above

Question 25

Your answer is CORRECT.

Five snakes with different spotting patterns live in eastern Arizona. Two of them can interbreed and produce fertile offspring. Three of them cannot interbreed with any other types other than their own. What can you conclude about these snakes? A) B) C) D) E) They all belong to the same biological species. They each are a different biological species. There are four biological species in the example above. There is not enough data given to draw a conclusion. There are three biological species in the example above.

Question 26

Your answer is CORRECT.

Which of the following statements is false? One form of allopatric speciation results when some members of a population cross an existing barrier and A) form a new, isolated population. Allopatric speciation is a relatively unimportant mode of speciation among most groups of organisms, B) although it may be important in asexual organisms. C) The 14 species of Darwin's finches likely evolved mainly via allopatric speciation.

Barriers associated with allopatric speciation can form from climate change, continental drift, the advance D) and retreat of glaciers, and changes in sea level. E) Allopatric speciation is also known as geographic speciation.

Question 27

Your answer is INCORRECT.

The red tubular-flowered gilias of western North America are a group of species living in the Mojave Desert. Originally considered to be a single species, the group now contains five species: three diploids and two tetraploids (having four sets of chromosomes). These five species, which are similar in appearance and produce sterile hybrids when mating occurs between members of different species, are an example of _______. A) B) allopatric speciation. temporal isolation.

C) D) E)

mechanical isolation. sympatric speciation. None of the above

Question 28

Your answer is CORRECT.

Which of the following statements about prezygotic barriers is false? A) B) C) D) E) They can arise from the evolution of the structure of sexual organs. They can arise from the specific interaction of plants with insect pollinators. They can arise from mate selection behaviors. They can arise from low fertility of hybrids. They can arise from differences in mating periods.

Question 29

Your answer is CORRECT.

The prevention of genetic exchange between two species because they reproduce at different times of the day, season, or year is called: A) B) C) D) E) hybrid sterility. temporal isolation. sexual isolation. a post-zygotic mechanism. two of the above answer choices are correct

Question 30

Your answer is CORRECT.

Which of the following is not true of a hybrid zone? A) B) C) D) It occurs where two different populations come into contact. It may shift in location due to environmental changes. Its habitat may differ from that favored by the parent populations. It may disappear if reproductive isolating mechanisms develop.

E)

There must be a geographic barrier enclosing the hybrid zone.

Question 31

Your answer is CORRECT.

Which of the following statements about allopolyploidy is false? A) B) C) D) E) It can result in a new, reproductively isolated species in just one generation. Many flowering plant species are allopolyploids. It is a form of allopatric speciation. The hybrid may have a combination of traits conferring greater fitness than the parent species. The hybrid may assume a new role in the environment and so coexist with the parent species.

Question 32

Your answer is INCORRECT.

Speciation is a microevolutionary process. A) B) True False

Question 33

Your answer is CORRECT.

Which pair is correctly matched? A) B) C) D) E) Binomial nomenclature : first name = phylum, second name = class Linnaeus : formulated the theory of evolution Domain : largest, most inclusive taxonomic grouping Phylogeny : the naming and describing of organisms based strictly on morphological features Taxonomy : the preservation and stuffing of dead animals

Question 34

Your answer is CORRECT.

Based on the taxonomic groupings of the major groups of life, one can infer that a dog would be more closely related to a sunflower, than to a yeast (type of fungus). A) B) True False

Question 35

Your answer is CORRECT.

The organisms that make up a family are _______ diverse and _______ numerous than those in a class containing that family. The organisms that make up a phylum all diverged from a common ancestor _______ recently than did the organisms in an order within that phylum. A) B) C) D) more; more; less more; more; more more; less; less less; less; less

Question 36

Your answer is CORRECT.

From the diagram above it can be determined that A) B) C) D) E) there are three groups of Eukarya. protists and bacteria have no common ancestor. plants and fungi have a more recent common ancestor than plants and animals. plants, fungi, and animals are directly descended from the same microbial eukaryotic ancestor. Bacteria is the most evolutionarily ancient group.

Question 37

Your answer is CORRECT.

When considering whales and dolphins, the relative absence of hair is considered a ______________ within

mammals. A) B) C) D) E) ancestral character ancestral character derived character phenetic character cladistic character

Question 38

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An example of homoplastic structures is the wing of a butterfly and: A) B) C) D) E) the wing of a moth. the wing of a bird. the antenna of the butterfly. the legs of the butterfly. the antenna of a moth.

Question 39

Your answer is CORRECT.

Certain fish in the Antarctic Ocean and the Arctic Ocean that are not closely related to each other have each evolved natural antifreeze molecules as adaptations to living in the frigid waters. This is an example of A) B) C) D) E) homology. evolutionary reversal. common ancestry. convergent evolution. sister clades.

Question 40

Your answer is CORRECT.

If the genus Quercus (oaks) is monophyletic, then this means that A) all species of oaks grow in similar habitats.

B) C) D)

oaks all have nearly identical appearance. all species of oaks are descended from a common ancestor. oaks cannot be classified in a single family or order.

Question 41

Your answer is CORRECT.

Given the following list of characteristics:

Which plant type would be considered the "oldest", i.e., having the longest evolutionary history? A) B) C) D) ferns conifers moss flowering plants

Question 42

Your answer is CORRECT.

Above is a phylogentic tree comparing the evolutionary histories of organisms A - F, which are current living organisms. Which of the following statements is false concerning the organisms in this cladogram? A) B) C) D) E) Organisms A, B, C, D, and E could belong to the same phylum; B, C, D, & E to the same class. Organisms D and E would have greater similarities in their DNA sequences than would organisms C and D. C, D, E, K could could comprise a monophyletic taxon. Organism A is the most distantly related organism to B, C, D, E, and F. Organism E has the youngest evolutionary history compared to A, B, C, or D.

Question 43

Your answer is CORRECT.

BONUS A mule is an example of A) B) C) D) E) hybrid breakdown. hybrid inviability. hybrid sterility. mechanical isolation. temporal isolation.

Question 44

Your answer is INCORRECT.

BONUS New genetic variations sometimes become more common within populations because ____. A) B) most parts of the genome are non-coding and are available for selection proteins can be "recruited" for advantageous function

C) D)

proteins for which they code are advantageous and selected none of these