HOMEWORK 6 SOLUTIONS

1) a) The force causing centripetal acceleration is sometimes called a centripetal force. We are familiar with a variety of forces in nature friction, gravity, normal forces, tension, and so forth. Should we add centripetal force to this list? Explain why or why not? No, because it is not a new force. A centripetal force is caused by friction, gravity, normal force, or tension and so forth. b) A ball of mass 0.500 kg is attached to the end of a cord 1.50 m long. The ball is whirled in a horizontal circle as was shown in figure below. If the cord can withstand a maximum tension of 50.0 N, what is the maximum speed the ball can attain before the cord breaks? Assume that the string remains horizontal during the motion.

Tmax

v Tmax r = m max v max = = r m

(50.0 N )(1.50m ) = 12.2m / s

0.500kg

2) A 1500 kg car moving on a flat, horizontal road negotiates a curve. If the radius of the curve is 35.0 m and the coefficient of static friction between the tires and dry pavement is 0.500, find the maximum speed the car can have and still make the turn successfully. (Answer: 13.1 m/s)
2 v max v max = r Fy = 0 FN mg = 0 FN = mg

f s ,max = s FN = m

s FN r
m

v max =

s FN r
m

s mgr
m

= s gr =

(0.500)(9.80m / s 2 )(35.0m ) = 13.1m / s

3) A civil engineer wishes to design a curves exit ramp for a highway in such a way that a car will not have to rely on friction to round the curve without skidding. On other words, a car moving at the designated speed can negotiate the curve even when the road is covered with ice. Such a ramp is usually banked; this means the roadway is tilted toward the inside of the curve. Suppose the designated speed for the ramp is to be 13.4 m/s (~30 mi/h) and the radius of the curve is 50.0 m. At what angle should the curve be banked? (Answer: 20.10)

Write Newtons second law for the car in the radial direction, which is the x direction:
mv 2 (1) r There is no motion along the vertical (y) direction: mg Fy = FN cos mg = 0 FN = (2) cos From (1) and (2) Fr = FN sin =

tan =

v2 rg

= tan 1

(13.4m / s )2 = 20.10 2 (50.0m )(9.80m / s )

4) A satellite is in a circular orbit around the Earth at an altitude of 1000 km. The radius of the Earth is equal to 6.37 x 106 m, and its mass is 5.98 x 1024 kg. a) Find the speed of the satellite. b) Find the period, which is the time it needs to make one complete revolution. (Answer: a) 7.36 x 103 m/s; b) 6.29 x 103 s =105 min) a) Centripetal force is caused by the gravitational force, thus we equate the two: Radius of the Earth: R = 6.37 10 6 m

Distance from the surface of the Earth: r = 1000km = 10 6 m Gravity applies to the center of objects. So, the distance between the satellite and the Earth is R + r. G

(R + r )

M E mS
2

= mS

v2 v= (R + r )
11

GM E (R + r )

v=

(6.674 10 (10

N .m 2 / kg 2 )(5.98 10 24 kg ) = 7.36 10 3 m / s 6 m + 6.37 10 6 m )

b) Speed = Circumference / Revolution time 2 ( R + r ) 2 ( R + r ) 2(3.14)(6.37 10 6 m + 10 6 m ) T = = v= = 6.29 10 3 s = 105 min 3 v T 7.36 10 m / s

5) A pilot of mass m=70.00 kg in a jet aircraft executes a loop-the-loop. In this maneuver, the aircraft moves in a vertical circle of radius 2.700 km at a constant speed of 225.0 m/s. Determine the force exerted by the seat on the pilot a) at the bottom of the loop and b) at the top of the loop. (Answer a) 1999 N b) 626.5 N)

a) At the bottom of the loop: F = FN ,bot mg = v2 mv 2 mv 2 FN ,bot = mg + = mg 1 + rg r r

2

(225m / s )2 1 + FN ,bot = (70.0kg )(9.80m / s ) (2.70 10 3 m)(9.80m / s 2 ) = 1999 N b) At the top of the loop: F = FN ,top + mg = FN ,top v2 mv 2 mv 2 FN ,top = mg = mg 1 rg r r 2 (225m / s ) = (70.0kg )(9.80m / s 2 ) 1 = 626.5 N (2.70 10 3 m )(9.80m / s 2 )