Студ. книга Lexics

Одеський національний університет
ім. І.І. Мечникова
Ланчуковська Н.В.
НАВЧАЛЬНИЙ ПОСІБНИК
з лексики
для студентів I курсу
англійського відділення факультету РГФ
Одеса 2018
Друкується за рішенням
Друкується зафакультету
Вченої Ради рішенням РГФ
Вченої Ради факультету
(протокол РГФ
№ 9 від 18.04.2006р.)
(протокол № 9 від 18.04.2006р.)
Укладач:
Укладач: к.ф.н., доц. Ланчуковська Н.В.
к.ф.н., доц. Ланчуковська Н.В.
Рецензенти:
Рецензенти: к.ф.н., доц. Кашуба М.В.,
к.ф.н., Кашуба
доц. доц.
к.ф.н., М.В.,
Малік Т.Г.
к.ф.н., доц. Малік Т.Г.
CONTENTS
Module 1. Family Circle ………………………………………………..……… 4

Unit 1. Appearance and Character ………….……………………………..… 4
Unit 2. Age …………………………………………………………………… 28
Unit 3. Romance and Marriage …..…………………………..…………….. 38
Unit 4. Family Life ……………………...………………………………….. 61
Module 2. Daily Life ……..……………………………………………..……… 73
Unit 1. Daily Routine ……………………………………………………….. 73
Unit 2. Food ………………………………………..…………………….….. 79
Unit 3. Home ………………………………………..…………………….…. 94
Module 3. Lifestyles ……..……………………………………………..………. 108
Unit 1. Work ……………..…………………………………………….……. 108
Unit 2. Leisure ……………………………………..…………………….…. 129
References ………………………………………………………………………. 155
MODULE 1. FAMILY CIRCLE
UNIT 1. APPEARANCE AND CHARACTER TOPICAL VOCABULARY
APPEARANCE
HAIR
abundant густые; dimples ямочки
ash-blond(e) пепельн. (о цвете волос блондинки) dimpled/double/pointed/ с ямочкой/двойн./заострён./
auburn золотисто-каштановые, рыжеватые protruding/split/ выступающий вперёд/ раздвоен./
blond(e) белокурые, светлые square chin квадратный подбородок
blue-black иссиня-чёрные dishy привлекательный, соблазнительн., «что надо»
false eye-lashes накладные ресницы
bobbed коротко остриженные fat, stout толстый
light brown русые feeble/strong constitution хрупк./крепк. телосложение
chestnut каштановые, русые fleshy толстый, мясистый
curly кучерявые fragile хрупкий, слабый; нежный
dyed крашеные freckled/square face веснушчатое/квадратное лицо
ginger рыжие, рыжеватые fringe чёлка
golden золотистые full/heart-shaped lips полные, пухлые губы/
greasy жирные губы сердечком
grey седые good-looking красивый; интересный; обладающий
приятной внешностью
highlighted с подкрашен. или обесцвеченн. haircut стрижка
прядями волос hairdo причёска (особенно женская)
fair светлые, русые hair in pigtails/plaits волосы, заплетённые в косы
jet-black чёрные как уголь hair slide заколка для волос
mousy мышиного цвета, бесцветные handsome красивый (о мужчине)
receding редеющие have an inclination/ иметь склонность
red рыжие tendency to corpulence к полноте
shoulder-length до плеч have/bear/show a strong (close, striking)/ быть очень/
remote resemblance to smb отдалённо похожим на к-то
thick густые heavy build крепкое телосложение
thin редкие high cheekbones/forehead высокие скулы/лоб
wavy волнистые lined, wrinkled морщинистый
EYES long долговязый, высокий
almond миндалевидные long face унылое, мрачн. лицо; вытянут. физиономия
long-legged длинноногий
bulging на выкате moustache усы
hazel карие neat, tidy аккуратный, опрятный
hollow запавшие obese тучный, страдающ. ожирением
narrow узкие off-colour нездоровый, болезненный
close (wide, близко (широко-, oval/round-faced с овальным лицом/круглолицый
deep)-set глубоко-) посаженные overweight грузный
piercing проницательные pale skin бледная кожа
pierced/sticking out ears проколотые/торчащие уши
slanting раскосые plain невзрачный, некрасивый
NOSE plump полный; пухлый; округлый
aquiline орлиный ponytail волосы, убранные в «конский хвост»
bulbous картошкой put on weight поправиться (набрать вес)
button пуговкой red-haired рыжеволосый
curved с горбинкой (ir)regular features (не)правильные черты
rosy/ruddy/hollow/ розовые/румяные/ввалившиеся/
Grecian греческий (un)shaven cheeks (не)бритые щёки
hooked крючковатый resemble smb in smth быть чем-то похожим на к.-то
straight прямой sallow желтоватый, болезнен., землист. (о цвете лица)
Roman римский, с горбинкой shortish невысокий
snub, upturned вздёрнутый нос side parting боковой пробор
 skinny тощий
attractive привлекательный slender, slim стройный
bald лысый square/upper/lower jaw квадратн./верхн./нижн. челюсть
beard борода stocky, thickset коренастый
sunburn(t/ed) обожженный солнцем
birth-mark, mole родинка, родимое пятно sun-tan цвет загара, светло-коричневый цвет
blond(e) блондин(ка) take after smb пойти в кого-либо
bony сухопарый, поджарый, ширококостный tallish выше среднего роста
broad-shouldered широкоплечий thin худой
bushy eyebrows густые/кустистые брови tough крепкий, выносливый
chubby круглолицый, полнощёкий toupee/wig парик
corpulent дородный, полный, тучный ugly безобразный; уродливый
Cupid's bow губки бантиком wart бородавка
well-/delicately/ статн., хорошо сложён /хрупкого/
dark, swarthy/ fair/ смуглый/светлый/ heavily built плотного, крепкого телосложения
tanned complexion загорелый цвет лица
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CHARACTER
ambitious честолюбивый, амбициозный nosy (не в меру) любопытн.; пронырлив.;
arrogant заносчивый, высокомерный вмешивающийся не в свои дела, надоедливый
bad-/good-/even-/quick-tempered злой, раздражит/с obstinate, stubborn настойчив., упорный; упрямый
хор./уравновеш. характ.,/вспыльч., раздражительн. open-handed щедрый, великодушный
benevolent/(un)friendly (не)доброжелательный open-minded объективн., непредвзят., восприимчив.
big-headed самодовольн., самовлюблён., заносчив. (к новым идеям, веяниям и т.п.), широких взглядов
boastful хвастливый optimistic оптимист(ичный)
bold, brave, courageous смелый, храбрый, отважный pessimistic пессимист(ичный)
bore скучный человек, надоеда, зануда petty мелочный; недалекий, ограниченный
capricious капризный; своенравный; с причудами (im)polite (не)вежливый
cheerful весел.; живой, энергичн., неунывающ. quick wit находчивость
clever умный (un)reliable (не)надёжный
confident уверенный resentful обидчивый, злопамятный
(in)considerate (не)внимательн. к другим, reserved сдержанный
(не)деликатн., (не)тактичный rude грубый
courteous вежлив., обходительн., учтив., любезн. scrooge Скрудж (герой "Рождественских сказок"
cowardly трусливый Диккенса); скряга; брюзга
cruel жестокий self-centred, (un)selfish эгоцентричн., (не)эгоистичн.
cunning, sly хитрый, коварный (бескорыстный)
determined решительный, непреклонный self-confident самоуверенный
determined character твёрдый характер self-conscious застенчивый, неловкий
easy-going добродушно-веселый; беззаботный, self-possessed имеющий самообладание,
с легким характером хладнокровный, сдержанный, спокойный
envious завистливый (in)sensitive (бес)чувственный, (не)отзывчивый
evil злонамерен., неприятный, низкий, порочный single-minded прямой, честный;
good mixer общительный человек искрений, бесхитростный
greedy жадный simpleton простак, простофиля, дурачок
gregarious коммуникабельн., контактн., общительн. sincere искренний
generous великодушн., благородн., добр., щедр. sociable общительный, дружелюбный
gentle мягкий, добрый, тихий, спокойный spendthrift неэкономн., расточительн., транжира
good-mannered благовоспитанный, любезный steady/balanced уравновешенный
half-witted слабоумный, глупый stingy, tight-fisted скаредный, скупой, прижимистый
harsh резкий, грубый strict строгий, требовательный, суровый
ingenuity находчивость, изобретательность strong-willed решительный, волевой
intelligent умный, смышлёный; stupid глупый, тупой, бестолковый
jealous ревнивый, завистливый sympathetic благожелательн., приятн, симпатичн.
kind-hearted добросердечный thrifty бережливый, расчетливый, экономный
lavish щедрый timid, shy робкий; застенчивый
light-minded/-headed легкомысленный tolerant терпимый
mature зрелый tough грубый, упрямый, несговорчивый
mean скупой, подлый, недоброжелательный wasteful расточительный
mediocrity бездарность, посредств-сть, заурядн. ч-к weak-willed слабовольный
miserable жалкий, несчастный, презренный well-bred благовоспитанный
modest скромный, сдержанный wilful упрямый, своевольный, своенравный
narrow-minded ограничен., недалек., необъективн.
COLLOQUIAL PHRASES
Appearances are deceptive. – Внешность обманчива.
A model to follow. – Пример для подражания.
John is of a poor build. – У Джона хилое/щуплое телосложение.
She is a replica/the image/a copy of her grandmother. – Она очень похожа на свою бабушку.
They are as like as two peas. – Они похожи как две капли воды.
He is off-colour today. – Он плохо выглядит сегодня.
He felt off-colour so he didn't go to work. – Ему нездоровилось, и он не пошёл на работу.
He pulled a long face. – Лицо у него вытянулось.
Sam is of medium height. – Сэм среднего роста.
5
VOCABULARY BOOSTER 1
I. Put the words in the box under the following headings:
- appearance
- personality
pear-shaped energetic muscular plump aggressive self-centred thin fleshy
insensitive well-built brainy slim nervous self-confident calm bony
charming intelligent thickset tense cheerful overweight tough
II. Find words in the box that can be used to describe:
- a strong person
- a pleasant person
- an unpleasant person
III. Work with a partner. Choose one of the faces on p. 7 and describe the person’s appearance and
character. Use the words from the table and from exercise 1 .Can your partner guess which person
you’re describing?
eyes nose ears face

slanting pointed small long
close together hooked pointed round
small big large square
round flat prominent thin
blue long sticking out triangular
grey turned-up wide
wide apart Roman
deep-set straight
lips jaw forehead hair
thin square high straight
thick wide low wavy
fleshy wide curly
cheekbones frizzy
high greasy
with a parting
IV. Some people believe you can judge someone’s character from features of their face or body. This is
called physiognomy . Read the text on p. 7 quickly, and match each part to one of the
pictures.
V. Choose the most suitable heading from the list A-H for each part (1-7) of the text. There is one extra
heading which you do not need to use.
A. The passionate type E. The criminal type
B. The bony type F. The plump type
C. The brainy type G. The happy type
D. The muscular type H. The quarrelsome type
VI. Choose a face type that best describes:

- you;
- your friend;
- a member of your family.
Work with a partner. Discuss whether the descriptions in the text fit the people you know.
6
WHAT’S IN A FACE?
1
They often have a pear-shaped head. They are intelligent but can also be absent-minded. They like to spend
time at home where they can think in peace and quiet. Most of the time they are either thinking, studying or
sleeping. They remain single, or put off getting married till later in life.
2
They are well-built and courageous and they do not lack self-confidence. They are easily insulted and get
angry quickly. They are quite hard-working at school or at work, but without overdoing it. They enjoy the
simple life. They do not often become rich.
3
They are a bit overweight. They are adaptable and know how to do a good job, though they are not very
energetic. They are easygoing and get on well with people. They often do well in business. On the negative
side, they can occasionally be self-centred and insensitive towards others.
4
They tend to be thin. They are inflexible and do not change their ideas easily. They are usually honest.
They take their time doing things and do not learn quickly. Their thin lips suggest a certain coldness or
hardness of character. They often make good farmers, engineers or administrators.
5
The full, fleshy lips and the prominent jaw are usually signs of sincerity, warmth and strong emotions of
the romantic variety. These types are outgoing and sociable. They often get married young. Although they may
not shine, they will do well both at work and at play.
6
The distinguishing feature of this type is that the width and height of the face are roughly the same. They
give the impression of being melancholy. They are usually red-faced and look healthy. They have large, dark
eyes and bushy eyebrows. They have a wide nose and a large mouth. These types are tough and determined,
even aggressive. They strike first and ask questions later.
7
This type has a triangular face, with a wide forehead and a very narrow chin. They usually have even, well-
shaped features, except for their mouth, which will be either too small or too big. Their eyes are large and often
very dark. Their nose is narrow at the top but has wide nostrils. Their personality is bright and cheerful, but
they can also be tense and edgy. They think a lot and take in a lot of what goes on around them.
7
*VOCABULARY BOOSTER 2
I. Read, translate and retell the following text:
APPEARANCE AND CHARACTER
Appearances are deceptive. It is a common truth; practically everyone has met at least someone whose
character and appearance differ radically.
When one sees a tall, broad-shouldered youth, one expects him to be strong-willed and brave. One
thinks: 'A model to follow!' How often a good-looking individual turns out to be petty, weak-willed or even
cowardly. Then one thinks: A mediocrity!'
At the same time everyone knows that a lot of great people were of a poor build: short and fragile. It did
not stop them from displaying intelligence and courage. Ingenuity does not depend on one's complexion or
constitution.
Plump or fat people create an impression of generous and kind personalities. Strangely enough, not
rarely they may be thrifty or even greedy. One usually thinks: 'A scrooge!'
On the other hand, thin or slim nervous ladies often tend to be lavish. They like to buy and never think
twice when they pay. One thinks: 'I would call her open-handed and Mother would call her a spendthrift'. Yes,
mothers are always stricter in judgements.
Has it ever happened to you that you come to an important office and see an important boss? You
immediately evaluate his looks: 'Round-faced, small narrow eyes, dimples on the cheeks and an up-turned
nose. What a kind-hearted person! A simpleton!' You tell the boss of your troubles and expect immediate
help. But the boss appears to be rude, harsh and wilful. You never get your help and think: 'A stone heart and
an iron fist'.
When someone sees a delicately built pretty blonde with curly hair, blue eyes, a straight nose and a high
forehead, one is inclined to think that the beauty is intelligent and nice. It may be disappointing to think later
'What a stupid, capricious, impolite bore!'
On the contrary, when one sees a skinny brunette with ugly irregular features – a hooked nose, pointed
chin, close-set eyes and thin lips, strange thoughts come to one's head; because it is the image of evil people –
cruel and cunning. It may be a relief some time later to find her a clever, gentle and good-mannered lady and
think: 'What charm! A heart of gold!'
Another general misconception lies in the fact that children are always expected to resemble their
parents. And parents like it when children take after them. Relatives like to compare moles, the shape of
noses, etc. The greatest compliment is: 'They are as like as two peas'. The greatest disappointment is to find
nothing in common. We want to deny people their exclusiveness, we don't want to admit that nature has
selected other options from an enormous genetic fund developed over generations. Why do we like our
copies? Who knows!
Nature likes to play tricks on us. But don't you think it is a present on the part of nature? Life becomes
not a boring routine, but a brilliant kaleidoscope of characters and appearances which often clash.
II. Are these statements true or false? Find the sentences in the text to prove your point of view.
1. Overweight people create an impression of lavish personalities, but they are often mean.
2. Rarely a handsome youngster turns out to be a coward.
3. Children always resemble their parents.
4. Quick wit doesn’t depend on constitution.
5. We tend to deny people their exclusiveness.
8
EXERCISES
1. Look at the pictures below and choose the right word from the lists to describe the shape of one's
face, eyes, nose, chin, lips, forehead.
Face:
a) oval b) round c) long d) square
Eyes:
a) almond b) slanting c) round d) narrow
Nose:
a) aquiline b) hooked c) straight d) upturned
Chin:
a) protruding b) split c) double d) pointed

Lips:
a) thin b) plump c) thick d) heart-shaped
9
Forehead:
a) wrinkled b) narrow c)balding d) high
2. Find people among your relatives who resemble one another. Describe their appearance.
3. Match words from the left and right to form word partnerships:
1) hairy a) shoulders
2) blond b) build
3) medium c) chest
4) pale d) hair
5) broad e) skin
4. Complete the dialogue:

A: What does (1) ………………………………………………………………….……………. ?
B: Well, she's of medium height, with long hair, and she always looks very elegant.
A: How (2) …………………………………………………. , exactly?
B: Oh I don't know. Probably about one metre fifty.
A: And how much (3) ……………………………………………………………………………. ?
B: Well I wouldn't really like to ask that question, but I'd guess between fifty and fifty-five kilos.
5. Give definitions of the following words:

1) slender 3) quick-tempered
2) handsome 4) greedy
6a. Match the following phrases with their meanings and give their equivalents in Russian:
1) to turn a blind eye (to smth) a) good luck;
2) to have something at one's fingertips b) to feel very nervous before you do smth;
3) to pull someone's leg c) to show no fear, worry, or surprise;
4) not to turn a hair d) to have a part of interest in everything that is going on;
5) to have butterflies in your stomach e) to have a complete and ready knowledge of smth;
6) not to be able to make head or tail of f) to hope that something will happen the way you want;
7) break a leg g) to keep oneself informed of news, events etc.;
8) to keep one's ear to the ground h) to pretend not to notice;
9) to have a finger in every pie i) (infml) to make fun of somebody;
10) to keep your fingers crossed j) to be unable to understand;
6b. Use at least 5 phrases out of the above-listed ones in sentences of your own.
10
7. Compose your own sentences according to the following patterns (and illustrate them with
appropriate pictures):
1. He is + adj.
E.g.: She is dark-eyed and dark-skinned. He is rather unattractive. She is always well-dressed.
2. He is + adj + noun.
E.g.: He is a tall slim man. She is a long-haired (wavy-haired) girl. My friend is a blue-eyed girl. He
is a red-haired man.
3. He’s got + adj + noun.
E.g.: Ann’s got a slender figure. He’s got a massive chin. The girl’s got plump cheeks with dimples.
4. She looks + adj.
E.g.: She looks sad (miserable).
5. He looks like + (adj) + noun.
E.g.: She looks like a zebra in that dress.
6. He looks as if (as though) he ... (subordinate clause).
E.g.: She looks as if she hasn’t eaten anything for a week. She looks as if she’s going to Buckingham
Palace.
7. change of state – the verbs get, grow.
E.g.: He is getting fat. His hair is getting grey. She has grown thinner.
8. He is not so ... as he used to be.
E.g.: She is not so slender as she used to be.
9. She resembles smb in smth.
E.g.: She resembles her mother in her hair and eyes.
10. His (adj) + noun add(s) to his attraction.
E.g.: Her charming smile adds to her attraction. Her big eyes add to her attraction.
8. Look at the person sitting next to you and describe their constitution (build), complexion, colour and
type of hair, eyes, nose, cheeks etc. (in chain).
9. Complete these sentences using one of the compound adjectives in the box.
easy-going old-fashioned well-meaning absent-minded big-headed

self-centred strong-willed broad-minded self-confident hard-working
1. There's a boy in our class who thinks the world revolves around him. He's so
………………………... ; he never thinks of anyone else.
2. The ………………………... professor always forgot where he had put his hat.
3. She's a very ………………………... person and never gives up when she has made up her mind to
do something.
4. Our next-door neighbour can be irritating but her intentions are good. She's ……………………... .
5. John is a ………………………... type and always does well in interviews; I always feel really
nervous.
6. My parents are very ………………………... – they even work at weekends.
7. John is so ………………………... ; he's always boasting about his achievements.
8. I can say anything in front of my grandmother, she's not easily shocked. She's open to new ideas
and very ………………………... .
9. My sister’s an ………………………... person. She gets on well with people and makes friends
easily.
10. My uncle has got stuck in the nineteenth century – his ideas are so ………………………... !
11
10. Translate the following sentences into English and practise saying them:
1. Вошедший был невысоким коренастым мужчиной, аккуратно одетым, с круглым
доброжелательным лицом.
2. Фрэнк сильно поправился с тех пор, как бросил курить.
3. Агата была голубоглазой девушкой с толстыми золотистыми косами. У неё на лице были
веснушки, а когда она улыбалась, на её щеках появлялись две прелестные ямочки.
4. Он среднего роста, хорошо сложён. Его приятный голос и хорошие манеры делают его
особенно привлекательным.
5. Бетти уже не такая стройная как раньше.
6. Джони был широкоплечий, с густыми светлыми волосами и усами.
7. Как она выглядит? – У неё овальное лицо с карими близко-посаженными глазами,
румяными щеками и острым подбородком.
8. Мэгги всё ещё хорошо выглядит, несмотря на свой возраст. Вы узнаете её по родинке на
левой щеке.
9. Чарльз – интересный мужчина с правильными чертами лица, но его волосы начинают редеть.
10. Аня очень похожа на мать густыми рыжеватыми волосами и зелёными раскосыми глазами.
11. Тебе нравится её причёска? – Не особенно. Мне никогда не нравились кудрявые волосы.
11. Describe the appearance of a famous actor (actress, singer, politician, etc.) without naming them so
that your fellow-students could guess who has been described.
12. Write an opposite for each of these words. Four of them just require a prefix (e.g. un-; dis-); the other
four need a completely different word.
1) honest – ……………………. 5) happy – …………………….
2) generous – ……………………. 6) friendly – …………………….
3) kind – ……………………. 7) strong – …………………….
4) rude – ……………………. 8) optimistic – …………………….
13. Work with a partner. You are going to read each other's palms. First find the lines shown in the
picture on your palms. Student A, read the information on page 12 and Student B; read the
information on page 13. Use the information to read each other's palms.
Student A
Life line
If you have a strong, long life line, it means you're healthy, have lots of energy and are good at sports.
Don't worry if your life line is short: look at the top half of your thumb; if this is long, it means you are
strong enough to overcome health problems. The more your life line curves around your thumb, the more
outgoing you are.
Fate line
A strong, unbroken fate line means that you're self-motivated and have a lot of ambition. You're
trustworthy, serious and would make a good leader of other people. If your fate line is weak or broken, it
suggests that you lack direction in life. No fate line means that you're quite irresponsible and you're happy
to break society's rules.
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Student B
Head line
If your head line is strong, you're decisive, a quick thinker and you're able to concentrate for long periods
of time. A weak head line suggests that you lack common sense. If your head line is long, you have a
variety of interests in life, whereas a short head line means that you prefer to specialize in one particular
area.
Heart line
If your heart line is curved, it means you're very passionate and usually dominate in relationships. If your
heart line is straight, you are more interested in friendship than romance and sometimes have difficulty in
revealing your feelings to others. The small lines coming off the heart line show how many flirtations and
love affairs you will have in your life.
14. Match the words in the box with their definitions.
polite kind gentle respectable respectful
- not rough or violent

- having good manners
- behaving in a way which shows you admire
someone or accept their position in society
- caring for and helping others
- having qualities that society admires
15. Complete these sentences using one of the words
above.
1. Be ……………………… when you give the baby
a bath.
2. It was very ……………………… of you to carry
my bag for me.
3. The crowd stood at a …………………… distance
as the president walked past.
4. Why don't you get a …………………… job like
your father?
5. It wasn't very ……………………… to go without
saying thank you.
16. Tell your partner who the:

- kindest person
- most polite person
- most respectable person
you know is, and why.
e.g.: Your head line is strong, which means you're a

quick thinker.
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17. Replace eight phrases in the following conversation with the appropriate body idioms from the box.
put my foot in it a shoulder to cry on from this neck of the woods get it off my chest
play it by ear up to my eyes in work have his fingers in a lot of pies made up my mind
Laura: Hey, Phil, how are you doing?
Phil: Oh hi Laura – not too bad thanks. How are you?
Laura: Oh, extremely busy as usual. I'm on my way to my third meeting today. How's that lovely
girlfriend of yours?
Phil: Oh, we split up three weeks ago. She's on holiday with her new boyfriend.
Laura: Oh no – trust me to say something to make you feel worse. I'm really sorry.
Phil: No, it's okay. I need to talk about it.
Laura: Who's her new boyfriend?
Phil: It's her boss. You wouldn't know him. He's not from around here.
Laura: What kind of work does he do?
Phil: I don't know really. He seems to be involved in a lot of things. He owns several companies
anyway, including the one Mandy was working for.
Laura: Oh Phil, I don't know what to say.
Phil: Yeah – it's hard. I mean, we were supposed to be going on holiday together in a couple of
weeks.
Laura: So, what are you going to do?
Phil: I don't know – I haven't decided yet. I might go anyway, or I might not feel like it when
the time comes. I don't know. I'll just have to see how I feel at the time.
Laura: Look Phil, I'm afraid I've got to run – but if you need some sympathy, you know where to
find me.
Phil: Thanks, Laura – I'll be fine.
18a. Match the two parts of the following sayings and give their equivalents in Russian:
1. A good name a) enough to the wise.
2. A little body b) is not gold.
3. A word is c) of himself is very empty.
4. All that glitters d) a tree by its bark.
5. Handsome is e) often harbours a great soul.
6. He that is full f) the more I find myself loving dogs (Charles de Gaulle).
7. You cannot judge g) is better than riches.
8. The better I get to know men, h) as handsome does.
18b. Make up a situation illustrating one of the sayings given above.
19. Agree with the opinions below using a word with the same meaning. The first two letters of each
answer are given.
1. A: She's always wanted to get to the top in her carrier, hasn't she?
B: Yes, she's very am……………… .
2. A: She was horrible, wasn't she?
B: Yes, very un……………… .
3. A: He's happy and smiling whenever you see him.
B: I know, he's always very ch……………… .
4. A: Do you honestly think we can depend on that old car of yours?
B: No, it's very un……………… – it could break down at any time.
5. A: He never thinks about other people's feelings, does he?
B: No, he's very in……………… .
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20a. Read what these people say about themselves and decide which pairs would make good couples.
A
I guess the partner of my dreams would be an idealist like me – someone who is loyal and committed to the
relationship, someone who is as over the moon about me as I am about them ... a true Romeo.
B
When my last relationship ended, I couldn't believe that someone could be so two-faced. For me, the most
important qualities are sincerity and modesty. I don't care how handsome a guy is – that sort of guy is
usually completely self-centred. I like the soft, sensitive type.
C
People say I can be fun to be with, I like chatting with friends and making jokes, and my perfect night out
would be an evening of midnight skiing, followed by champagne in a moonlit restaurant with someone who
doesn't get stressed out about saying how they feel.
D
I can be a bit over-sensitive at times, I get jealous really easily, and I find it easiest to talk to people who are
shy like me. I get fed up with those bossy, big-headed types who think they're wonderful. Love isn't about
status!
E
I'm not really looking for a long-term relationship. I want to have a good time on a date – I don't want to get
engaged or anything. I can't see myself as the bride at a white wedding. I can't stand narrow-minded types –
I prefer the easygoing sort.
F
I just like going out clubbing, having fun and stuff like that, and my relationships tend to be impulsive – you
know, I meet someone who is really gorgeous-looking, and it starts like that.
G
For me, the most important thing in a partner is someone who shares my interests. I'm quite sporty and like
dynamic, out-going types – I get on with really witty people who make me laugh, the talkative sort.
H
I suppose I prefer someone who is old-fashioned and romantic. I've always believed in love at first sight –
I'm attracted to the reliable and faithful types, someone who would be completely devoted to me.
20b. Find the words, in bold in Exercise 20a, that are the opposites of the words below.
opposite
broad-minded _____________________
modern _____________________
modest _____________________
out-going _____________________
quiet _____________________
relaxed _____________________
sincere _____________________
thick-skinned _____________________
ugly _____________________
unfaithful _____________________
20с. Choose the description of the type which fits you or formulate it yourself.
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*21. Complete each passage below with the correct words from the list above it to make an accurate
description of one of the people in the illustration.
1 cuff breast pocket tucked lanky bowler hat

creases button-hole formally bow-tie double-breasted
He's a tall, (a) ……….………. man. He's wearing a (b) …….…………. on his head, a dark, (c) ……………….
suit and a black (d) ………………. . An inch of (e) ………………. shows from each of his sleeves. He has
immaculate (f) ………………. in his trousers. He has a flower in his (g) ………………. and a handkerchief
(h) ………………. into his (i) ………………. . He's quite (j) ………………. dressed.
2 grin trainers skinny plain casually

lapels pigeon-toed slanting patched bare-footed
She's a (a) ………………. little kid, with a broad (b) ………………. on her face. She's wearing (c)
………………. jeans and a zip-jacket with (d) ………………. pockets and no (e) ………………. . Underneath
she's wearing a (f) ………………. T-shirt. From the way she's standing, she looks a bit (g) ……………….
. She's very (h) ………………. dressed. She's (i) ………………. but she's carrying her shoes in her hand. They
look like (j) ………………. .
3 expression bare-headed hips buckle strongly-built

upright closely-cropped waist broad clean-shaven
He's a (a) ………………. man with (b) ………………. shoulders and a slim (c) ………………. . He has no beard or
moustache; he's (d) ………………. . He's not wearing a hat; he's (e) ………………. . He has (f) ………………. hair
and a serious (g) ………………. on his face. His trousers are held up by a belt with a large, round (h)
………………. . He's standing very (i) ………………. , with his hands on his (j) ………………. .
4 bow clasped slender wavy parted

teens polo-neck figure pleated high-heeled
She's young, still in her (a) ………………. . She has a (b) ………………. (c) ………………. and she's standing with
her hands (d) ………………. in front of her. Her fair, (e) ………………. hair, which is (f) ………………. in the
middle, has a ribbon with a (g) ………………. in it. She's wearing a full, knee-length (h) ………………. skirt,
a loose (i) ………………. pullover and black, (j) ………………. shoes.
5 folded side-burns baggy braces thirtyish

checked rolled up obese flat cap bow-legged
He's not very old, maybe (a) ………………. , and he's standing with his arms (b) ………………. . He's rather
(c) ………………. , as jockeys sometimes are, and he's fat, almost (d) ………………. . He has a (e) ……………….
on, so you can't see his hair, except for his long (f) ………………. . He's wearing a (g) ………………. shirt
with the sleeves (h) ………………. and a pair of (j) ………………. trousers held up by (j) ………………. .
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*22. Write a brief description of each person below, referring to his or her age, character, hair, build,
clothes and posture. Use any of the words from the exercises above and any of the following
words which may be suitable.
Wellingtons epaulettes beret tousled spectacles
single-breasted cleft chin slim flared cardigan
knock-kneed waistcoat lean stout singlet
double-chinned top hat paunch shorts spotted
stooped frail striped curly bald
23. What would you think of a person who says:

1. Ladies first!
2. I can't control myself when I should keep quiet.
3. I'm not easily put off if I have made up my mind.
4. I don't care for him. He is inferior to me, you know.
5. Whatever she may say I won't lose my temper.
6. Darling! You can choose anything you want in this shop, I’ll pay for everything.
7. I always feel sorry for people who are in trouble.
8. I just love cucumbers with milk, Picasso's paintings and freckled faces.
9. I have got used to ten hours work every day.
10. I prefer to be in the company of other people and have a chat with them.
11. Whatever you may ask me to do for you, I will do it. Whatever you may say, I will forgive you.
Use: He must be... She may be... He is likely to be...
The words given below may help you:
Hard-working, original, sympathetic, quick-tempered, open-handed, arrogant, well-bred,
sociable, obstinate, self-possessed, tolerant.
*24. Act or write out short arguments between the pairs of people below, who are attacking each
other's standpoints and attitudes. Start: The trouble with people like you is... .
1) a vegetarian and a cattle farmer;
2) a doctor and a teacher;
3) a 'green' supporter and the director of a firm producing chemicals;
4) a fourteen-year-old and an eighteen-year-old.
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*25. Here are some names we give to people who have quite definite attitudes, views of behaviour:
a) idealist c) patriot e) fatalist g) activist i) fanatic k) pessimist
b) romantic d) optimist f) nationalist h) perfectionist j) racist l) realist
Now, who might say which of the following statements?

1. Love makes the world go round.
2. Face facts: love doesn't make the world go round – the sun does.
3. Me, emigrate? You must be joking. It would break my heart.
4. I'm not a bad sort of person. I just happen to believe that my country is superior to and more
important than any other.
5. I concede that 99.9% is a good examination result. I just want to know why you failed to get
100%.
6. Honestly, I've nothing against foreigners, as long as they don't come and live next door to me or try
and marry my daughter.
7. What will be will be.
8. I don't know why you bother to talk about the next World Cup. There will probably have been a
nuclear war by then.
9. It's no good just sitting and talking about social injustice. The time has come to do something
about it.
10. We shall achieve our aims by any means available; if that includes bloodshed and suffering for
innocent people, that's the way it'll have to be.
11. Just because you're losing 01-6, 0-6, 0-5 and 0-40 doesn't mean you're necessarily going to lose.
12. I am convinced that we are capable of creating paradise here on earth.
26. Using a coloured picture give a detailed description of appearance and character of:
1) yourself;
2) your best friend;
3) your ideal of a handsome man and a beautiful woman.
1
0 is pronounced as “love” in the game of tennis.
18
LISTENING 1. ABOUT MYSELF
I. PRE-LISTENING TASKS
1.1. Use the correct forms of be, have and do to complete the questions (a-h). Then match the
questions with the answers (1-8).
a) ___ you ever won a competition? 1. No, no one has. But thanks for the compliment!
b) ___ anyone in your family speak English fluently? 2. No, I've got to revise for my exam.
c) ___ you going out tonight? 3. No, but I once did a course at university.
d) ___ you given a lot of toys when you were a child? 4. Yes, my father does.
e) ___ you think you'll ever go to South Africa? 5. Yes, I'm going there next year
f) ___ you study English at another school before 6. No, I didn't. In fact, I could do with a nap now!
this one?
g) ___ you sleep long enough last night? 7. Yes, I was very spoiled!
h) ___ anyone ever told you what beautiful 8. No, I haven't. I've come second though.
eyes you've got?
1.2. Work with a partner. Ask the questions in ex.1.1. Give true answers.
II. LISTENING AND COMPREHENSION TASKS
2.1. Listen to a conversation between two people and note down
things they've got in common. Why does the conversation stop?
2.2. From your notes in ex. 2.1 use the sentence frame below to
make as many true sentences as you can about the man and the
woman.
The man …….. and so …….. the woman.
and neither/nor
For example: The man is American, and so is the woman.
2.3. Listen again and check your sentences.
III. FOLLOW-UP ACTIVITIES

3.1. Work with a partner. Use the following sentence beginnings to write statements which are true
for you and which you believe are also true for your partner. Find at least two ways to finish each
sentence beginning. You will need your sentences in ex. 3.2. Do not speak to your partner yet.
For example: I was born in 1975. I was born in hospital. I was born in Mexico City.
a) I was born ... f) I can't ...
b) I'm not keen on ... g) I've never been to …
c) I'm ... h) I'd like to ...
d) I used to ... i) I hardly ever go …
e) I've got ...
3.2. Use the sentences you have written in ex. 3.1. to play Bingo!
Instructions
So Nor So
With a partner, take it in turns to read out one of your sentences
from ex. 3.1. If your partner can answer with one of the was I. do I. have I.
responses on the Bingo card, you can cross out the square. If So Nor So
your partner can't use one of the responses because what you would I. am I. did I.
say is not true for them, you must wait for your next go to try Neither So Neither
another sentence. have I. am I. can I.
The aim of the game is to be the first person to cross out all the
squares on the card.
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LISTENING 2. DESCRIPTION OF PEOPLE
LISTENING 2. DESCRIPTION OF PEOPLE
LISTENING AND COMPREHENSION TASKS
LISTENING AND COMPREHENSION TASKS
1. Listen to the descriptions of four people and fill in the chart.
1. Listen to the descriptions of four people and fill in the chart.
Description Anything General
Description Age Face Complexion Hair Eyes Anything General
Names Age Face Complexion Hair Eyes remarkable impressions
Names remarkable impressions
1.
1.
2.
2.
3.
3.
4.
4.
2. Listen to the recording and give answers to the following questions.

2. Listen to the recording and give answers to the following questions.
1. What is the relation between Clare and Carol?
1. What is the relation between Clare and Carol?
2. Why does the middle-aged man have a sallow complexion?
2. Why does the middle-aged man have a sallow complexion?
3. What do you notice first looking at a female with a square sort of face?
3. What do you notice first looking at a female with a square sort of face?
4. David has a tanned complexion, doesn't he?
4. David has a tanned complexion, doesn't he?
3. Recall the vocabulary of the recording to give the English equivalents for the following Russian sentences.
3. Recall the vocabulary of the recording to give the English equivalents for the following Russian sentences.
1. У неё действительно интересный тип лица.
1. У неё действительно интересный тип лица.
2. Это удивительно…
2. Это удивительно…
3. Он мужчина средних лет.
3. Он мужчина средних лет.
4. На вид ему около 55.
4. На вид ему около 55.
5. Его голова немного похожа на бильярдный шар.
5. Его голова немного похожа на бильярдный шар.
6. Она носит очки.
6. Она носит очки.
7. Она мало бывает на воздухе, и это видно по цвету ее кожи.
7. Она мало бывает на воздухе, и это видно по цвету ее кожи.
8. У него настоящий, естественный загар.
8. У него настоящий, естественный загар.
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20
LISTENING 3. STORIES ABOUT FRIENDS
LISTENING 3. STORIES ABOUT FRIENDS
1.1. Match the following words and phrases with their Russian equivalents.
1) actually a) заставить смеяться кого-либо;
1) actually a) заставить смеяться кого-либо;
2) hairstyle b) тихий;
2) hairstyle b) тихий;
3) however c) (зд.) примерно (плюс-минус);
3) however c) (зд.) примерно (плюс-минус);
4) complain d) фактически, на самом деле, в действительности;
4) complain d) фактически, на самом деле, в действительности;
5) miserable e) видеть во всем хорошее;
5) miserable e) видеть во всем хорошее;
6) quiet f) однако;
6) quiet f) однако;
7) on and off g) фасон причёски;
7) on and off g) фасон причёски;
8) look on the bright side of things h) жалкий, несчастный, плохой;
8) look on the bright side of things h) жалкий, несчастный, плохой;
9) have smb in stitches i) жаловаться.
9) have smb in stitches i) жаловаться.
1.2. Translate the following word combinations and expressions into Russian. Note that they are typical of
1.2. Translate the following word combinations and expressions into Russian. Note that they are typical of
informal conversational speech.
informal conversational speech.
1) go out 5) things like that
1) go out 5) things like that
2) get on with smb. 6) that kind of thing
2) get on with smb. 6) that kind of thing
3) have a good laugh 7) I can't stand
3) have a good laugh 7) I can't stand
4) be the kind of person 8) laugh like anything
4) be the kind of person 8) laugh like anything

2.1. Listen to four people describing their best friends, state who the speakers' friends are and prove your
2.1. Listen to four people describing their best friends, state who the speakers' friends are and prove your
choice with the phrases from the text.
choice with the phrases from the text.
Boy- Class- Girl- Co- Old
Mother Sister Boy- Cousin Neighbour Class- Girl- Co- Old
Mother Sister friend Cousin Neighbour mate friend worker friend
Boy friend mate friend worker friend
Boy
Girl
Girl
Man
Man
Woman
Woman
2.2. Look at the features the speakers admire their friends for and match the descriptions with the relevant
2.2. Look at the features the speakers admire their friends for and match the descriptions with the relevant
speaker.
speaker.
1. The girl a) she is the kind of person who will always listen.
1. The girl a) she is the kind of person who will always listen.
2. The boy b) she is the kind of person I can always depend on.
2. The boy b) she is the kind of person I can always depend on.
says
says
3. The man c) he is the kind of person who never gets miserable.
3. The man c) he is the kind of person who never gets miserable.
4. The woman d) he is the kind of person who can understand other people.
4. The woman d) he is the kind of person who can understand other people.
21
21
2.3. Listen to the recording again and identify the following statements as False, True or not Clear.
2.3. Listen to the recording again and identify the following statements as False, True or not Clear.
Comment on your choice.
Comment on your choice.
1. The boy's friend never remembers his birthday.
1. The boy's friend never remembers his birthday.
2. The girl doesn't like miserable people.
2. The girl doesn't like miserable people.
3 The girl is always smiling and laughing.
3 The girl is always smiling and laughing.
4 The man's friend is always calm and quiet.
4 The man's friend is always calm and quiet.
5 The man is single now.
5 The man is single now.
6. The woman's friend always says what she thinks.
6. The woman's friend always says what she thinks.
7. The woman lives alone.
7. The woman lives alone.
III. LANGUAGE FOCUS AND AUDITORY MEMORY CHECK

3.1. Insert (where necessary) the prepositions you heard in the recording.
3.1. Insert (where necessary) the prepositions you heard in the recording.
1. I'm not an easy person to get __________ .
1. I'm not an easy person to get __________ .
2. Jack is someone I've known __________ years.
2. Jack is someone I've known __________ years.
3. I think that friends __________ childhood understand you better.
3. I think that friends __________ childhood understand you better.
4. I'm sure she would never lie __________ me.
4. I'm sure she would never lie __________ me.
5. You know I can leave the children __________ her or I can borrow __________ some sugar.
5. You know I can leave the children __________ her or I can borrow __________ some sugar.
6. I know she won't complain __________ it.
6. I know she won't complain __________ it.
3.2. Replace the italicized words in the sentences by their synonyms from the recording.
3.2. Replace the italicized words in the sentences by their synonyms from the recording.
1. Whenever I go somewhere with my former classmates we laugh a lot.
1. Whenever I go somewhere with my former classmates we laugh a lot.
2. The story he told me was so funny that I laughed and laughed.
2. The story he told me was so funny that I laughed and laughed.
3. He is one of those people who are always ready to help.
3. He is one of those people who are always ready to help.
4. She began to complain about being busy, tired, etc.
4. She began to complain about being busy, tired, etc.
5. My neighbour's son is crazy about horror films, spy stories, etc.
5. My neighbour's son is crazy about horror films, spy stories, etc.
3.3. Listen to a fragment of the text sentence. Take care to repeat the sentences word for word in the pauses
3.3. Listen to a fragment of the text sentence. Take care to repeat the sentences word for word in the pauses
provided.
provided.
1. I'm not ________________________________________________ difficult.
1. I'm not ________________________________________________ difficult.
2. Anyway _______________________________________________ you say.
2. Anyway _______________________________________________ you say.
3. Jack ________________________________________________ or anything.
3. Jack ________________________________________________ or anything.
4. I think ________________________________________________ you know.
4. I think ________________________________________________ you know.
5. He ______________________________________________________ quiet.
5. He ______________________________________________________ quiet.
6. I wish __________________________________________________ actually.
6. I wish __________________________________________________ actually.
IV. FOLLOW-UP ACTIVITIES

IV. FOLLOW-UP ACTIVITIES
4.1. Which of the persons described appeals to you most? Comment on your choice.
4.1. Which of the persons described appeals to you most? Comment on your choice.
4.2. Describe your best friend. Point out the features of his/her character you like most.
4.2. Describe your best friend. Point out the features of his/her character you like most.
22
22
LISTENING 4. MEMORIES
I. PRE-LISTENING TASK
1) hippy (n) a) грязный;
2) beard (n) b) костюм;
3) smelly (adj) c) самоуверенный;
4) dirty (adj) d) борода;
5) care (v) e) спокойный, непринуждённый, неторопливый;
6) smart (adj) f) стрижка;
7) suit (n) g) заносчивый, высокомерный, надменный, самонадеянный;
8) reasonably (adv) h) хиппи;
9) haircut (n) i) приемлемо, довольно, достаточно;
10) laid-back (adj) j) зловонный;
11) arrogant (adj) k) умный, нарядный, опрятный;
12) self-confident (adj) l) заботиться, беспокоиться.

2.1. You are going to hear Martin comparing his life now with his life ten years ago. Listen and tick (v ) the
topics in the box below which he talks about.
his home his friends his family his hairstyle his character
his studies his clothes his holidays his appearance his hobbies and interests
2.2. Listen again and make notes on how the topics he talks about have changed in the last ten years.
III. FOLLOW-UP ACTIVITY

3.1. How is your life different now from how it was five or ten years ago? Work with a partner and compare
your lives, using some of the topics in the box.
23
LISTENING 5. RADIO DISCUSSION ABOUT GRAPHOLOGY
1) a claim a) свидетельства, данные, доказательство
2) in conjunction with b) среднее (число), среднее арифметическое
3) evidence c) образец
4) unreliable d) совместно с, в сочетании с, во взаимодействии
5) to confirm e) уклон
6) a sample f) иначе, или же, в противном случае
7) script g) высокомерие, надменность, заносчивость; самонадеянность
8) average h) иметь наклон
9) to relieve (relief) i) петля
10) arrogance j) уверенный в своих силах, в себе
11) slant k) подтверждать
12) to slope l) право (на ч-то), утверждение, заявление
13) otherwise m) почерк
14) self-reliant n) ненадёжный
15) a loop o) успокаивать, утешать (облегчение, утешение)

2.1. You will hear part of a radio discussion about graphology, the analysis of handwriting. Which one of
these samples of handwriting are the speakers discussing?
24
2.2. Listen again. For questions 1-6, complete the sentences with a word or a phrase.
1. Large handwriting generally means the writer is serious,
______________________________________________________________________________ .
2. Large handwriting in some cases can also mean the writer is
______________________________________________________________________________ .
3. Handwriting that slopes to the right suggests the writer is an
______________________________________________________________________________ .
4. Unconnected writing means the writer is spontaneous,
______________________________________________________________________________ .
5. Connected writing means the writer follows
______________________________________________________________________________ .
6. The absence of loops suggests someone who is
__________________________________________ about the future.

3.1. Work with a partner. Use the information above to analyse each other's handwriting.
25
LISTENING 6. YOU ARE WHAT YOU WEAR
LISTENING 6. YOU ARE WHAT YOU WEAR
1.1. Look at the photographs. What kind of images do you think the four men are trying to project and
1.1. Look at the photographs. What kind of images do you think the four men are trying to project and
why?
why?
II.
2.1. LISTENING AND COMPREHENSION
Listen to a journalist TASKS CHAPS, stopping the four men in the street and
for the men's fashion magazine,
2.1. Listen to a journalist for the men's fashion magazine, CHAPS, stopping the four men in the street and
asking them about their self-images. Compare their answers to your ideas in ex.1.1.
asking them about their self-images. Compare their answers to your ideas in ex.1.1.
2.2. Rewrite the second part of the questions below with the exact word order the journalist uses. Use
2.2. Rewrite the second part of the questions below with the exact word order the journalist uses. Use
contractions where necessary.
contractions where necessary.
1. I'd like to know what clothes about say your you .
1. I'd like to know what clothes about say your you .
2. Would you say image about your you care ?
2. Would you say image about your you care ?
3. Could you tell me image you trying are what achieve to ?
3. Could you tell me image you trying are what achieve to ?
4. Would you say that of you fashion are aware ?
4. Would you say that of you fashion are aware ?
5. I'd like to know appearance your whether life affects your .
5. I'd like to know appearance your whether life affects your .
6. Could you tell me last bought thing what was the you ?
6. Could you tell me last bought thing what was the you ?
7. Do you mind telling me wear what go to out evening in the you ?
7. Do you mind telling me wear what go to out evening in the you ?
8. I'd just like to know clothing if of is item live there you without an couldn't .
8. I'd just like to know clothing if of is item live there you without an couldn't .
2.3. Listen again and check your answers.
2.3. Listen again and check your answers.
2.4. The journalist for CHAPS magazine used indirect questions with the men who she stopped in the
2.4. The journalist for CHAPS magazine used indirect questions with the men who she stopped in the
street. Refer to ex.2.2 and change the journalist's indirect questions to direct questions using the
street. Refer to ex.2.2 and change the journalist's indirect questions to direct questions using the
beginnings below.
beginnings below.
1. What do...
1. What do...
2. Do you ...
2. Do you ...
3. What image are ...
3. What image are ...
4. Are you ...
4. Are you ...
5. Does your appearance ...
5. Does your appearance ...
6. What was ...
6. What was ...
7. What do...
7. What do...
8. Is there ...
8. Is there ...
26
26
2.5. Correct the mistakes in the following sentences.
2.5. Correct the mistakes in the following sentences.
1. Do you know how much does she weigh?
1. I'd
2. Dolike
you to
know
know howhow much doesshe
old was shewhen
weigh?
she joined The Spice Girls.
2.
3. I'd liketo
I want toknow
knowifhow hasold
shewas
got she pets. she joined The Spice Girls.
any when
3. Have
4. I wantyou
to know if has
any idea shedoes
what got any
she pets.
think of Madonna?
4.
5. Have
Couldyouyouany
tell idea whatare
me who does
hershe think ofdesigners?
favourite Madonna?
5.
6. Could
Do youyou tellwhy
know me who areshave
did he her favourite
his head?designers?
6. I'd
7. Dolike
you to
know
know why didhe
if has hegot
shave
anyhis head?
tattoos.
7. Could
8. I'd likeyou
to know
tell meif has
whichhe football
got any tattoos.
club does he play for?
8.
9. Could
Have youyouany
tell idea
me which
whichfootball
positionclub
doesdoes he play
he play in? for?
9. IHave
10. wantyou any idea
to know whatwhich
is hisposition does he play in?
star sign.
10. I want to know what is his star sign.
3.1. Do you identify with any of the people in the photographs? Do you know any men who try to project
3.1. Do you identify with any of the people in the photographs? Do you know any men who try to project
similar images?
similar images?
3.2. Work with a partner. Take it in turns to ask each other some of the questions in ex.2.2.
3.2. Work with a partner. Take it in turns to ask each other some of the questions in ex.2.2.
27
27
UNIT 2. AGE TOPICAL VOCABULARY
a man of sixty шестидесятилетний come of age достичь

мужчина; совершеннолетия;
(less than) a year apart с разницей в год eighteen-year-old boy 18-летний юноша;
(менее года); elderly пожилой
about thirty около тридцати; generation gap разрыв между поколениями,
adolescence отрочество, юность; проблема «отцов и детей»;
adolescent подросток, подростковый, grow old состариться;
юношеский, юный; in one’s early forties чуть более сорока/за сорок;
adult взрослый, совершеннолетний; in one’s middle примерно 25;
age fast/slowly быстро/медленно стареть; (mid-) twenties
as old as the hills старый как мир; in one’s late forties почти 50/около 50;
be born in the принадлежать к одному just out of one’s twenties недавно исполнилось 20;
same generation поколению; late (husband) покойный (муж);
be double, twice в два раза старше; look (much) older than выглядеть (гораздо)
one’s age старше, чем;
be five yeas older/ на 5 лет старше/ not look one’s age, выглядеть моложе/старше
younger than младше, чем; look young/old своих лет;
be in one’s “teens” быть подростком; for one’s age
be noted for longevity славиться mature зрелый;
долгожительством; middle aged person человек среднего возраста;
be of (under) age быть (не)совершеннолетним; name day именины;
be of the same age быть одного возраста; nearly fifteen почти пятнадцать;
be on the right/ моложе/ещё нет и old age старость;
good side of/under sixty шестидесяти/под 60; outlive smb by (over) (более чем) на 20 лет
be on the wrong/ более сорока/ twenty years пережить к-л;
bad side of/over forty/ за сорок; pass away, be gone умереть, скончаться;
forty odd/forty smth retired ушедший на пенсию;
be seventy years of age в возрасте 70 лет; retirement выход на пенсию;
be well into one’s forties/ далеко за 40; teenager подросток (с 13 до 19 лет);
long past forty toddler ребёнок, начинающий ходить;
(twentieth) birthday двадцатилетие; tween, tweenager (Am.) подросток (с 10 до 12 лет);
carry one’s age well хорошо выглядеть turn sixty исполниться/перевалить за 60;
для своего возраста;
COLLOQUIAL PHRASES
Children should respect their elders [adults/parents etc.]. – Дети должны уважать старших.
She's 3 years my junior / I'm her senior / I'm senior to her. – Она меня на 3 года младше/Я старше её.
Uncle Max is nearing / approaching fifty. – Дяде Максиму скоро исполнится 50.
Jane will be twenty seven on her next birthday. – Джейн будет двадцать семь в следующем году.
He lived to a great age. – Он дожил до глубокой старости.
Her age is beginning to tell on her. – Годы начинают на ней сказываться/Годы берут своё.
28
VOCABULARY
VOCABULARY BOOSTER BOOSTER
I. Read,
I. Read, translate
translate and and retell
retell thethe following
following text:text:
THE
THE ROYAL
ROYAL FAMILY FAMILY
At present
At present the the British
British royalroyal family
family is is headed
headed by by Queen
Queen Elizabeth.
Elizabeth. When When the the Queen
Queen was was born
born on on
the 21st of April 1926, her grandfather, King George V, was on
the 21st of April 1926, her grandfather, King George V, was on the throne and her uncle was his heir.the throne and her uncle was his heir.
The death
The death of of her
her grandfather
grandfather and and thethe abdication
abdication of of her
her uncle
uncle brought
brought her her father
father to to the
the throne
throne as as King
King
George
George VI. VI.
As aa child
As child sheshe studied
studied constitutional
constitutional historyhistory and and lawlaw as as well
well asas art
art and
and music.
music. In In addition
addition she she
learned to
learned to ride
ride and
and acquired
acquired her her enthusiasm
enthusiasm for for horses.
horses. As As she
she grew
grew older
older sheshe began
began to to take
take part
part in
in
public life,
public life, making
making her her first
first broadcast
broadcast in in her
her early
early “teens”.
“teens”.
The young
The young Princess
Princess Elizabeth
Elizabeth II II married
married Philip,
Philip, the the Duke
Duke of of Edinburgh,
Edinburgh, in in November
November 1947 1947 whenwhen
she was just out of her twenties. She came to the throne in her mid-twenties
she was just out of her twenties. She came to the throne in her mid-twenties after her father's death in after her father's death in
1952 and was crowned in Westminster
1952 and was crowned in Westminster Abbey in June 1953. Abbey in June 1953.
Elizabeth II
Elizabeth II calls
calls the
the Windsor
Windsor family “Firm”. She
family aa “Firm”. She thinks
thinks of of it
it as
as aa business
business ratherrather than
than aa family.
family.
And the
And the main
main business
business of of the
the royal
royal family
family is...
is... well,
well, probably
probably beingbeing royal.
royal. AndAnd they they are
are paid
paid forfor it.
it. The
The
Queen is
Queen is one
one of of the
the richest
richest womenwomen in in the
the world
world and and yetyet she
she gets
gets about
about 88 million
million pounds
pounds aa year year toto be
be
queen. But many people agree that she does her job well
queen. But many people agree that she does her job well and she deserves her salary. and she deserves her salary.
The work
The work of of the
the royal
royal family
family has has continued
continued through
through all all the
the changes
changes of of the
the last
last fifty
fifty oror sixty
sixty years.
years.
There are hundreds of traditional ceremonies, which the Queen
There are hundreds of traditional ceremonies, which the Queen has to keep. Each year, in September has to keep. Each year, in September
or October,
or October, there there is is the
the State
State Opening
Opening of of Parliament.
Parliament. The The Queen,
Queen, wearing
wearing her her crown,
crown, arrives
arrives at at the
the
Houses of
Houses of Parliament
Parliament by by carriage.
carriage. There There she she reads
reads the the Queen's
Queen's Speech,
Speech, which which discusses
discusses the the
government's work
government's work for for the
the next
next year.
year. Besides,
Besides, the the Queen
Queen acts acts asas head
head of of the
the government
government – – so
so every
every
day she reads official papers from the government and once a
day she reads official papers from the government and once a week she has a meeting with the Prime week she has a meeting with the Prime
Minister. She
Minister. She alsoalso has
has to to read
read the the report
report ofof the
the day
day from from Parliament.
Parliament. Any Any law law mademade by by Parliament
Parliament
really becomes a law only if the Queen agrees to it. But no
really becomes a law only if the Queen agrees to it. But no king or queen has refused a new lawking or queen has refused a new law since
since
1701.
1701.
The Queen
The Queen Mother,
Mother, the the widow
widow of of the
the late
late King
King GeorgeGeorge VI,VI, celebrated
celebrated her her 100th
100th anniversary
anniversary in in
2000, but
2000, but sheshe carried
carried her her ageage wellwell andand continued
continued to to fulfil
fulfil many
many public
public duties
duties every
every year.
year. However
However in in
2002 she passed away as well as the Queen's only sister, Princess
2002 she passed away as well as the Queen's only sister, Princess Margaret, the Countess of Snowdon, Margaret, the Countess of Snowdon,
who was
who was one one ofof the
the most
most unconventional
unconventional members members of of the
the royal
royal family
family and and started
started the the chain
chain of of divorces
divorces
in it in 1978. She was also well-known for her charity work, including
in it in 1978. She was also well-known for her charity work, including her support for Barbados, the her support for Barbados, the
Girl Guides Association, and the St. John
Girl Guides Association, and the St. John Ambulance Brigade. Ambulance Brigade.
The Queen's
The Queen's husband,
husband, the the Duke
Duke of of Edinburgh,
Edinburgh, was was born
born inin 1921
1921 and and served
served in in the
the Royal
Royal Navy.
Navy.
He takes
He takes aa great
great deal
deal of of interest
interest in in industry,
industry, in in the
the achievements
achievements of of young
young people
people (at (at the
the age
age of of thirty
thirty
he founded the Duke of Edinburgh's Award Scheme) and in
he founded the Duke of Edinburgh's Award Scheme) and in saving wild animals from extinction. saving wild animals from extinction.
The Queen's
The Queen's heir heir is is Charles,
Charles, the the Prince
Prince of of Wales,
Wales, who who waswas born
born in in 1948.
1948. In In 1981
1981 he he married
married
Lady Diana Spencer and they had two sons, Prince William,
Lady Diana Spencer and they had two sons, Prince William, born in 1982, and Prince Harry, who born in 1982, and Prince Harry, who is is
two years his junior. But eventually their marriage failed
two years his junior. But eventually their marriage failed and they got divorced in 1996. and they got divorced in 1996.
In recent
In recent years
years Prince
Prince Charles
Charles has has become
become outspoken
outspoken on on such
such controversial
controversial topics topics as as modern
modern
architecture, violence
architecture, violence in in films
films and and onon television,
television, and and standard
standard of of English
English teaching
teaching in in schools.
schools.
Princess Diana
Princess Diana was was knownknown for for wearing
wearing fashionable,
fashionable, expensive
expensive clothes,
clothes, but but she
she was
was also
also known
known
as a caring person who worked actively for many different
as a caring person who worked actively for many different charity organizations, especially those charity organizations, especially those
which supported people with AIDS or opposed the use of landmines.
which supported people with AIDS or opposed the use of landmines. In 1997, she started a romantic In 1997, she started a romantic
29
29
relationship with the businessman Dodi Al-Fayed, and they were both killed in a car crash in Paris.
relationship with the businessman Dodi Al-Fayed, and they were both killed in a car crash in Paris.
Her death was one of the biggest news stories of the 1990s, and people all over the world were affected
Her death was one of the biggest news stories of the 1990s, and people all over the world were affected
by it.
by it.
After Diana's death and Prince Charles’s second marriage to Mrs. Camilla Parker Bowles in
After Diana's death and Prince Charles’s second marriage to Mrs. Camilla Parker Bowles in
2005 when they both were long past fifty, many people asked if Charles would be king or the crown
2005 when they both were long past fifty, many people asked if Charles would be king or the crown
would go to his eldest son, William. Prince William, the Duke of Cambridge, is in his thirties now and
would go to his eldest son, William. Prince William, the Duke of Cambridge, is in his thirties now and
looks very much like his mother. He married Catherine Middleton, who is the same age, in 2011. They
looks very much like his mother. He married Catherine Middleton, who is the same age, in 2011. They
have got three children – Prince George of Cambridge, born on the 22nd nd
of July, 2013, Princess
have got three children – Prince George of Cambridge, born on nd the 22 of July, 2013, Princess
Charlotte of Cambridge, who was born two years later - on the 2nd of May, 2015 and Prince Louis of
Charlotte of Cambridge, who was born two years later - on the 2 of May, 2015 and Prince Louis of
Cambridge, born on the 23rd of April, 2018. They are the royal family of the future.
Cambridge, born on the 23rd of April, 2018. They are the royal family of the future.
The Queen's other children are Princess Anne (born in 1950), Prince Andrew (born in 1960) and
The Queen's other children are Princess Anne (born in 1950), Prince Andrew (born in 1960) and
Prince Edward (born in 1964). Anne, Princess Royal, has acquired a reputation for being arrogant, but
Prince Edward (born in 1964). Anne, Princess Royal, has acquired a reputation for being arrogant, but
in recent years has become quite popular with the general public, though she got divorced in 1992. She
in recent years has become quite popular with the general public, though she got divorced in 1992. She
is widely known for her interest in horses and horse-racing. She is now the president of the Save the
is widely known for her interest in horses and horse-racing. She is now the president of the Save the
Children Fund, Chancellor of the University of London and carries out many public engagements.
Children Fund, Chancellor of the University of London and carries out many public engagements.
Prince Andrew, the Duke of York, served as a helicopter pilot in the Royal Navy. In 1986 he
Prince Andrew, the Duke of York, served as a helicopter pilot in the Royal Navy. In 1986 he
married Miss Sarah Ferguson and has two daughters, Beatrice and Eugenie, but in 1996 he got
married Miss Sarah Ferguson and has two daughters, Beatrice and Eugenie, but in 1996 he got
divorced. Prince Edward is keen on the theatre. This interest began while he was at university. He has
divorced. Prince Edward is keen on the theatre. This interest began while he was at university. He has
quit the Royal Marines, and is now pursuing a career with a theatrical company.
quit the Royal Marines, and is now pursuing a career with a theatrical company.
After a series of divorces and scandals in the royal family people no longer believe in great and
After a series of divorces and scandals in the royal family people no longer believe in great and
wise kings and queens. They understand that the royal family are also people with their problems and
wise kings and queens. They understand that the royal family are also people with their problems and
worries. Many people think that the Royals are useless and monarchy is outdated. But... the British
worries. Many people think that the Royals are useless and monarchy is outdated. But... the British
people seem to like them that way. They like to read about the royal family, royal scandals and
people seem to like them that way. They like to read about the royal family, royal scandals and
shocking secrets. They like to watch royal ceremonies, they are proud of the tradition of monarchy.
shocking secrets. They like to watch royal ceremonies, they are proud of the tradition of monarchy.
England has had kings and queens for a thousand years – probably they'll have them for another
England has had kings and queens for a thousand years – probably they'll have them for another
thousand.
thousand.
II. Draw the royal family tree.
II. Draw the royal family tree. EXERCISES
EXERCISES
1. Give definitions of the following words or word combinations:
1) teenager
1)
2) teenager
late wife
2)
3) late
adultwife
3)
4) adult
mature
4)
5) mature
retired
5)
6) retired
to pass away
6) to pass away
2. What word or phrase could describe the people at these different ages?
2. What word
1) 0-12 or phrase
months old could
= describe the people at these different ages?
1)
2) 0-12 months
1-2 years old old = =
2)
3) 1-2
2-12years
yearsold
old =
=
3)
4) 2-12
aboutyears
13-17old =
=
4)
5) about
18+ 13-17 =
=
5)
6) 18+
22 =
=
6)
7) 22
35 =
=
7)
8) 35
48 =
=
8) 48 =
30
30
3. Choose the best ending for each sentence:
1. His figure was well preserved though a) a year apart.
2. We were born b) about his own age.
3. Brian was not yet sixty but c) she looks so young.
4. David judged him to be d) he was a man of sixty.
5. In age we were less than e) he was aging fast.
6. This is my stepmother, that’s why f) in the same generation.
4. What stage of life are these people at?

1. Paul is 15 months old, so he’s still a ……………….. .
2. Albert was a bus driver for 40 years but stopped work two years ago, so he’s now ……….. .
3. Susan is 25, so she is in her ……………….. .
4. Caroline is 48 this year so she is now in her ……………….. .
5. Ron is 33 and his wife is 32, so they are both in their ……………….. .
6. Joan is 75 this year, so she’s quite an ……………….. lady.
7. Jason was born six weeks ago, so he’s a ……………….. .
8. Laura is 13 this year, so she’ll soon be a ……………….. .
9. Jeffrey is 18 this year, so legally he becomes an ……………….. .
10. 15 is often a difficult age for boys going through ……………….. .
5. Translate the sentences into Russian paying special attention to the italicized words:
1. Though my grandmother is approaching seventy she carries her age well.
2. She was just out of her twenties.
3. Sarah is two years my junior.
4. Mr. Sandford is gone.
5. Jane will be twenty seven on her next birthday.
6. Uncle Max is approaching fifty.
6. Complete these dialogues with a word or phrase. Don't repeat the words in italics.
1. A: She was lovely at six months old.
B: Yes, she was a lovely ……………….. .
2. A: Were you happy as a child?
B: Yes, I had a very happy ……………….. .
3. A: It's a terrible time when you're 14 or 15, don't you think?
B: Yes, I do. I think life is very difficult for a ……………….. .
4. A: Did your parents enjoy their 40s and 50s?
B: Yes, I think people are more relaxed in ……………….. .
5. A: Do you think you'll be bored when you finally stop work?
B: No, I shall enjoy my ……………….. .
6. A: Life can be lonely for some elderly people.
B: Yes, things are tough for some people in ……………….. .
7. Fill in prepositions if necessary:

1. Though he is ………. fifty he looks as if he were forty five.
2. My brother has grown thinner and now he looks young ………. his age.
3. Mary will be twenty five ………. her next birthday.
4. Although he is grey-haired, you’ll never say he is ………. his late sixties.
5. Peter is well ………. his forties, but he is not married yet.
6. I’m not 18 yet. I’m still ………. my “teens”.
7. She turned ………. sixty, but she doesn’t look ………. her age.
8. My grandfather has lived ………. a great age.
9. My family ………. both sides are noted ………. longevity.
10. He hasn’t come ………. age yet, he is ………. 18.
8. Translate the following sentences into English:

31
1. Дети должны уважать старших.
2. Он на 10 лет старше меня.
3. Ему было далеко за 40.
4. Он дожил до глубокой старости.
5. Годы начинают на ней сказываться.
6. Дети
1. Он надолжны уважать
5 лет младше старших.
меня.
7. Он
2. на 10 очень
Бабушка лет старше меня. в последнее время.
состарилась
8. Ему
3. Ему было
почтидалеко за 40. может поехать с друзьями на дачу.
17, он вполне
9. Он
4. дожил
Через год ядодостигну
глубокойсовершеннолетия.
старости.
10. Годы
5. начинаютсвоего
Она пережила на неймужа
сказываться.
на 10 лет.
6. Он на 5 лет младше меня.
9. 7.
DrawБабушка оченьtree
your family состарилась
and give aвdetailed
последнее время. of it.
description
8. Ему почти 17, он вполне может поехать с друзьями на дачу.
9. Через год я достигну совершеннолетия.
10. Она пережила своего мужа на 10 лет.
9. Draw your family tree and give a detailed description of it.
32
32
LISTENING 1. ACT YOUR AGE
1.1. Do you think there is an upper or lower age limit for:
• getting married • starting a new career
• having children • dancing to pop music in public
• learning a new language • learning to ski
• travelling around the world • riding a motorbike
• worrying about how you look • wearing jeans
• leaving home
Discuss your answers with a partner. Are there any other activities you think have age limits?
1.2. Read the article and decide which statements are true for the writer.
1. I wish I'd never met him.
2. I should have been honest about my age.
3. If I'd told him my age at the beginning, he might have left me.
4. I shouldn't have told him about my disastrous existence.
5. If I was a man, the age difference wouldn't be a problem.
6. It's all his fault: if I hadn't met him I wouldn't have turned into an ageist and a liar.
Ageism1 turned her into a liar

For most of my life, age has seemed unimportant. My friends of both sexes have been
younger, older or the same age. When I was in my early thirties I had a very enjoyable and
fulfilling relationship with a man of 23. One of the most attractive men I know is in his mid
fifties.
The first time I experienced a problem with age was on my fortieth birthday. Much to my
surprise, it was a deeply traumatic event. Forty seemed to be so much older than 39. I used to like it
when people told me I looked young for my age, but then I realised that they were just telling me how
old I was. Anyway, I slowly got over the shock and tried to convince myself that life begins at 40 ...
I met him playing badminton. He was impressed with my exciting lifestyle – lots of travelling
and some writing. I found him fun, kind, amusing and very attractive. He's 31 and looks about 19. He has
no idea how old I am.
All my life I've been totally honest. I return extra change to astonished shopkeepers, I've never
travelled without a ticket and in job interviews I always come out with all the reasons why I should not
be employed.
Early on in the relationship I told him the truth about my disastrous existence – my divorce, my
financial difficulties, the relationship that destroyed my faith in men. I even admitted that I dye my
hair. The sky did not fall in and he didn't run screaming from the house. I did tell him I'm older than he
is, but something stopped me from coming clean about my actual age.
And now I'm in trouble – serious trouble. Silence has made the problem much greater. If I had
told him before, it wouldn't have become such a big issue. If I had been brave enough to admit that I
was 11 years older than him, I wouldn't be in this crazy situation now. I lie about jobs, years abroad
and education; he wonders how I've managed to fit so much living into my life; I conveniently can't
remember the music of my teenage years.
The other day, I even hid my passport under a pile of papers. I'm worried about organising a get-
together with my friends in case one of them says something like, 'Doesn't she look good for her age.'
The longer I remain silent, the more likely he is to find out and I'm frightened. For once in a very
long time I've found someone who makes me happy and I don't want to lose it.
I know that if I was a man, I would never have got into this mess. Eleven years' difference is
nothing for a man. But it's the other way round and the world judges older women harshly, and I'm
afraid he would do the same.
I have become an ageist and a liar and I have no one to blame but myself.
1
Ageism is prejudice against older people, for example through refusing them employment. It is a
new word, following the models of racism and sexism.
33
1.3. The following is a summary of the article. Put the lines of the summary in the correct order.
( ) over
1.3. The the shock
following and tried of the article. Put the lines of the summary in the correct order.
is a summary
(1)
( ) She
overhas
the always hadtried
shock and friends
((1)) traumatic event.had
She has always Butfriends
she got
(( )) traumatic
to convince herself
event. Butthat
shelife
gotbegins
(( )) to
butconvince
herself for the situation
herself that life she's
beginsin.
( ) but herself for the situation she's in.attractive
(2) of all ages. In fact, one of the most
( ) of
(2) clean about In
all ages. herfact,
age.one
Silence
of thehas made
most the problem
attractive
(( )) clean
at 40. about
She met him playing badminton
her age. Silence has made thebut problem
didn't come
(( )) at
women so met
40. She harshly.
him But she badminton
playing knows that but
she didn't
has nocome
one to blame
(( )) women
much greater and now
so harshly. Butsheshethinks
knowsthat
thatthe
shelonger
has noshe
oneremains silent
to blame
(( )) much
men she knows
greater is now
and in hisshe
mid fifties.
thinks Her
that thefortieth
longer birthday wassilent
she remains a deeply
(( )) men
the more likely he
she knows is his
is in to find
midout. SheHer
fifties. thinks it’s unfair
fortieth thatwas
birthday society judges older
a deeply
( ) the more likely he is to find out. She thinks it’s unfair that society judges older
1.4. What would you do if you were the writer?
1.4.
1.5. What
Write would you do if you
the conversation were
they havethe writer?
when she tells him the truth. Begin like this:
1.5. Him:
Write You look worried.they
the conversation What's
haveonwhen
yourshe
mind?
tells him the truth. Begin like this:
Her: Actually there is something I've been
Him: You look worried. What's on your mind? meaning to tell you.
II. Her: Actually there

LISTENING AND isCOMPREHENSION
something I've been meaning
TASKS to tell you.
2.1. Complete the following
II. LISTENING sentences with suitable
AND COMPREHENSION words. Then listen to the conversation and check.
TASKS
1. What'sthe
2.1. Complete ……………. your mind?
following sentences with suitable words. Then listen to the conversation and check.
2. No, no, it's nothing
1. What's ……………. your mind? to do ……………. that. Or rather I suppose it is, ……………. a way.
3. If only I'd kept my mouth …………….
2. No, no, it's nothing to do ……………. that. . Or rather I suppose it is, ……………. a way.
3. If only I'd kept my mouth ……………. . and I wish I'd never put that record ……………. .
4. The Rolling Stones are old- …………….
5. The
4. It's my
Rolling I …………….
fault.Stones have called them
are old- ……………. and boring oldnever
I wish I'd dinosaurs.
put that record ……………. .
6. It's
5. It's my
just fault.
that that record brings
I ……………. …………….
have called themspecial
boringmemories ……………. me.
old dinosaurs.
7. It's
6. Myjust that …………….
parents to play
that record brings The Rollingspecial
……………. Stonesmemories
too. ……………. me.
8. My
7. I was parents ……………. to
in my ……………. when
playthat
Therecord
Rollingfirst ……………. .
cametoo.
Stones
9. IWell,
8. was inyou my look
……………. …………….
very good when that record …………….
yourfirst came ……………. . .
10. What I mean is that I don't care how
9. Well, you look very good ……………. your ……………. . ……………. you are.
10. What I mean is that I don't care how ……………. you are.
3.1. FOLLOW-UP
III. Work in small groups and discuss these questions:
ACTIVITY
3.1. 1. How
Work inold aregroups
small your youngest and these
and discuss oldestquestions:
friends?
2. Do you know any couples who have a big age difference?
1. How old are your youngest and oldest friends?
2. Do you know any couples who have a bigwriter?
3. What would you do now if you were the age difference?
4. What
3. Have you
wouldever lied
you doabout
now ifyour
youage?
were the writer?
5. Have
4. Can you
youthink
ever of any
lied situations
about in which you would lie about your age?
your age?
6. What ages do you think are turning-points
5. Can you think of any situations in which you in life?
would lie about your age?
6. What ages do you think are turning-points in life?
34
34
LISTENING 2. SWEET SIXTEEN
1.1. Match the following words with their Russian equivalents:
1) semi-independent a) разобраться;
2) boss smb around b) голосовать;
3) uptight c) разрешать выходить из дому;
4) tidy d) зависеть от;
5) vote e) думать, полагать, считать;
6) have a care f) недостатки;
7) part-time job g) скованный, напряжённый;
8) workload h) оживить в памяти; снова, вновь пережить;
9) depend on i) работа с неполной занятостью;
10) disadvantages j) последствия;
11) allow out k) командовать кем-то;
12) reckon l) полунезависимый;
13) sort out m) прибирать, приводить в порядок;
14) consequences n) заботиться, беспокоиться, тревожиться;
15) relive o) объём работы.

2.1. Four people were asked the same questions. Listen to the interviews and note down their
answers.
2.2. Match the person to the question they were asked.
1. Do you mind if I ask you how old you are?
2. How old are you now?
3. You've just had an important birthday, haven't you?
4. How old are you?
Which is the most polite form?
2.3. Listen to the conversation and complete the following sentences:
1. Is that a good ……………….. to be?
2. Yeah ... you're ……………….. up enough to be semi-independent but still ……………….. .
3. What are the ……………….. of being 12?
4. You're not a ……………….. yet so you're not annoyed and uptight about everything.
5. What ……………….. are there between being 12 and being 16?
6. Yeah ... I'd like to be old ……………….. not to tidy my room.
7. I've got a lot more ……………….. .
8. But put it this way, I'm the ……………….. side of 30.
9. What's life like when you're in your ……………….. ?
10. I mean, I had a good ………….. in my twenties, but I wouldn't …………….. want to relive
them.
3.1. Work in small groups and discuss the following questions:
• Do you think that the age you are is a good age to be?
• What do you think is the best age to be and why?
• Have you ever wished you were older or younger?
35
LISTENING 3. THE TRUTH ABOUT AGEING
LISTENING 3. THE TRUTH ABOUT AGEING
PART I
PART I
I. PRE-LISTENING TASK:
I. PRE-LISTENING TASK:
In pairs, ask and answer the questions in the quiz.
In pairs, ask and answer the questions in the quiz.
AGEING
AGEING
HOW MUCH DO YOU KNOW ABOUT IT?
HOW MUCH DO YOU KNOW ABOUT IT?
1. On average, which nationality lives the longest?
1. On average, which nationality lives the longest?
a) the Japanese
a) the Japanese
b) the Italians
b) the Italians
c) the Swedish
c) the Swedish
2. What was the average lifespan two thousand years ago?
2. What was the average lifespan two thousand years ago?
a) twenty-six years
a) twenty-six years
b)thirty-six years
b)thirty-six years
c) forty-six years
c) forty-six years
3. By 2050, what percentage of the world's population will be sixty-five or older?
3. By 2050, what percentage of the world's population will be sixty-five or older?
a) 2% b) 10% c) 20%
a) 2% b) 10% c) 20%
4. On average, which groups of people live longer?
4. On average, which groups of people live longer?
a) smokers or non-smokers?
a) smokers or non-smokers?
b) single people or married people?
b) single people or married people?
c) pet owners or non-pet owners?
c) pet owners or non-pet owners?
II. LISTENING AND COMPREHENSION TASK:

II. LISTENING AND COMPREHENSION TASK:
Listen to the answers. Do any of them surprise you?
Listen to the answers. Do any of them surprise you?
III. FOLLOW-UP ACTIVITY:

Which statement do you most agree with?
Which statement do you most agree with?
1. How long you live depends on your lifestyle (diet, exercise, smoking, etc.).
1. How long you live depends on your lifestyle (diet, exercise, smoking, etc.).
2. How long you live depends on your genes.
2. How long you live depends on your genes.
36
36
PART II
I. LISTENING AND COMPREHENSION TASKS:

1. Listen to an extract from a radio programme. Which of the statements above does
it say is probably true?
2. Listen again. Mark the statements true (T) or false (F).

1. Most very old people have always had very healthy lifestyles.
2 Jeanne Calment holds the record for being the oldest person ever.
3 She stopped smoking two years before she died.
4 Many experts think that some people have genes that protect them from some
diseases.
5 Jeanne Calment got cancer when she was about fifty years old.
6 Some people think that eating much less every day will increase your lifespan.
II. FOLLOW-UP ACTIVITIES:

1. Match the person to the reason they give for living a long time.
physical exercise mental exercise thinking positively
'I'm 89 years old. I 'I'll be 85 on my

used to do a lot of next birthday. The 'I can't believe it but
sport but I don't do thing that keeps me I'm 87! I used to
young is dancing. smoke but I gave up
any now. The most when I was 55. I
important thing for I didn't use to do don't do much
me is to feel good any physical exercise, but I like to
exercise but now I keep my brain
about life and laugh dance every day.' active. I love chess.'
every day.'
2. Discuss.
Would you like to live to 120 years old? Why / Why not?
37
UNIT 3. ROMANCE AND MARRIAGE TOPICAL VOCABULARY
adore smb* обожать к-л.; honeymoon медовый месяц;
approve of одобрять; (ex-)husband/wife бывший муж/жена;
be attracted to smb быть увлечённым кем-то; illegal marriage незаконный брак;
be engaged to smb быть помолвленным с к-л.; lady-killer сердцеед;
be fond of нравиться; love match/marriage брак по любви
be keen on быть влюблённым в к-л., make a date with smb назначить свидание кому-л.;
увлекаться ч-л; make a pass at smb пытаться ухаживать за к-л.;
be/get married to smb быть женатым/жениться make eyes at smb строить кому-л. глазки;
на к-то; marriage bonds, ties брачные узы;
best-man свидетель со стороны marriage certificate свидетельство о браке;
жениха; marriage of convenience/ брак по расчёту;
(steady/ex-) boy-/girlfriend (постоянный/бывший) money marriage
парень/девушка; marry off a son/daughter женить/выдать замуж
break off one’s relationship прекратить отношения сына/дочь;
с к-то; marry into the family войти в семью после
break one’s engagement расторгнуть помолвку; замужества/женитьбы;
bride/bridegroom невеста/жених (во время (re)marry smb for love вступать в (новый) брак
бракосочетания), по любви;
новобрачная(ый); misalliance неравный брак;
bride’s maids подружки невесты; newlyweds молодожёны;
cheat on sb, two-time sb изменять кому-то; partner супруг(а), любовник(ница);
civil marriage гражданский брак; propose /to give/drink
couple пара; a toast to smb/smth предложить тост за ч-то, к-то;
court smb ухаживать за кем-то; propose to smb сделать кому-то предложение;
date (v) smb, reception приём;
go out with smb встречаться с кем-то; registry office загс;
divorce smb развестись с кем-то; separate, drift apart, split up, break up (v) разойтись;
divorcee разведён. муж (жена) single неженатый, незамужняя
dowry приданное; spouse, mate супруг(а);
fall for smb быть без ума от кого-то; stag party мальчишник, холостяцкая пирушка
fall in love with smb влюбиться в кого-то; накануне свадьбы;
fiancé / husband-to-be жених после помолвки; wallflower (разг.) дама, оставшаяся на балу без
fiancéе / wife-to-be невеста после помолвки; кавалера, девушка, не пользующаяся успехом;
flirt (v, n) флиртовать; (silver/golden) wedding серебряная/золотая свадьба;
get a divorce получить развод; wedding/religious обряд бракосочетания/
hen party девичник, вечеринка без мужчин; ceremony религиозный обряд.
COLLOQUIAL PHRASES
He is not of the marrying sort. – Он не из тех, кто женится./Он – убеждённый холостяк.
Her parents haven’t given their consent to the marriage. – Её родители не дали согласия на брак.
Jo and I get on well (with each other) [have a good relationship]. – Мы с Джо ладим.
I really fancy Lisa, but her friend just leaves me cold. – Мне действительно нравится Лиза, а её друг не
производит на меня никакого впечатления.
Adrian and Liz don't see eye to eye [often argue / disagree]. – Адриан и Лиза расходятся во взглядах /
по-разному смотрят на вещи.
Tracy is having an affair with her boss. – У Трейси роман с начальником.
They had a brief fling years ago. – У них был короткий роман много лет назад.
I've fallen out with my fiancé again [had arguments or rows]. – Я опять поссорилась с женихом.
Let's make it up [be friends again after a row]. – Давай помиримся.
*Pay special attention to the highlighted words.
38
BRITISH WEDDING CUSTOMS AND SUPERSTITIONS
The decision to get married is one of the most important decisions in life. Therefore, it is no wonder that
there are so many customs and superstitions associated with weddings. A lot of wedding traditions go back to
folklore and pre-Christian times and used to protect marrying couples against bad luck and evil spirits.
In the past young people could not just fall in love and decide to get married. First, they needed to
obtain their parents’ consent. In fact, quite often it was the parents who decided who their children should
marry and not the children themselves. When the prospective groom had obtained his father’s consent to marry,
a formal marriage proposal had to be made. The prospective groom did not propose in person but sent his
friends or members of his family to represent his interest to the prospective bride and her family. If they saw a
blind man, a monk or a pregnant woman during their journey, it was believed that the proposal would not be
accepted as these signs were thought to bring bad luck. If, however, they saw wolves, this was a good omen
which would bring good fortune to the marriage.
Now things are not nearly as complicated. However, it is still considered romantic and proper to ask
your beloved if he or she would like to marry you and exchange engagement rings. The purpose of getting
engaged is to show each other and others that you are no longer free and plan to get married, say, in two years’
time. One British couple has been engaged for over 35 years and are still not married!
Choosing the right day for the wedding is the next thing to be considered. Now the most popular day is a
Saturday as most people work during the week. As there are only four Saturdays in any month, summer
weddings need to be booked a year in advance!
In the past, however, choosing when to marry was a serious affair. Saturdays were considered unlucky,
and so were Fridays, especially Friday the 13th. This famous old rhyme advises a wedding to happen in the first
half of the week:
Monday for wealth, Tuesday for health,
Wednesday the best day of all.
Thursday for losses, Friday for crosses,
Saturday for no luck at all.
However, this is just the beginning of serious business of wedding planning. Weddings are not cheap, so
a careful budget needs to be set. An average wedding in Britain costs £10-12,000. To a large extent, the cost
depends on how many guests are invited, which is normally around 150. Traditionally, the bride’s family would
pay most expenses, except for the drinks and the honeymoon which would be at the bridegroom’s family’s
expense. Nowadays, things are more flexible and expenses are split according to the two families’ incomes.
Buying a suitable outfit for the groom is not difficult – he just needs a black suit and a flower
buttonhole. However, dressing the bride is an altogether different matter. The answer is in this old rhyme,
which is as relevant today as it was more than a hundred years ago:
Something old, something new,
Something borrowed, something blue,
And a silver sixpence in your shoe.
“Something old” is usually given to the bride by a happily married woman in the hope that her happy
marriage will be passed on to the new bride. “Something new” symbolizes the newlyweds’ happy and
prosperous future. “Something borrowed” is often a valuable item lent by the bride’s family which needs to be
returned to ensure good luck. “Something blue” is normally a blue ribbon in the bride's hair to symbolize
fidelity. The placing of a silver sixpence (an old English coin) or a penny in the bride's shoe is to ensure future
wealth.
As it is important for the bride and groom to look and feel great on the most important day of their life,
they need some help. The bride chooses her sister or a close friend to be her chief bridesmaid. Originally,
bridesmaids were young women dressed the same way as the bride to confuse evil spirits and protect the bride.
The chief bridesmaid, or the Bridesmaid of Honor, helps the bride to choose her dress, get dressed on the day
and assists with the actual wedding ceremony. If it is a church wedding, she follows the bride and her father up
the aisle and holds the bride’s bouquet during the ceremony. The groom also has a helper. The Best Man, who
is normally the groom’s best friend, plays an important part in any wedding. He helps the groom to get dressed,
organizes the stag party and generally coordinates the whole event.
The last part of the wedding is the reception. Traditionally, guests are offered a wedding cake.
Originally, cakes were flat and round and contained fruit and nuts that symbolized fertility. Now wedding cakes
have three tiers. The new shape is believed to have been inspired by the unusual spire of Saint Bride's Church in
the City of London. The couple make the first cut together to symbolize their shared future. It is said that if
unmarried guests place a piece of wedding cake under their pillow before sleeping, it will increase their chances
of finding a partner.
39
II. Are these statements true or false?
1. A lot of wedding traditions used to attract bad luck and evil spirits to marrying couples.
2. It was lucky if the groom’s representatives saw wolves on their way to the bride’s house.
3. Nowadays Saturdays are considered unlucky.
4. Traditionally, the bride’s family would pay most expenses, including the drinks and the honeymoon.
5. The bride places a silver sixpence or a penny in her shoe to ensure her future health.
6. It is said that if unmarried guests place a piece of wedding cake under their pillow before sleeping, it will
help them find a partner.
III. Speak about interesting wedding ceremonies in other countries (You may use the texts on pp. 38-47).
HOW WE MET
1 Read Karen's account of how she met David and answer the questions.
a) When did they meet? c) Where did she see him again?
b) When did fate bring them together again? d) How long have they been together?
А KAREN, 18, AND DAVID, 21
I met him on a train last summer. He was gorgeous. We chatted and when I got off, he
helped me with my luggage. Unfortunately, I was too shy to ask him for his phone
number. But fate brought us together again. A few months ago, I saw him again at a
party and he recognised me at once. The attraction was magnetic and now we've been
David and Karen together for three months, two weeks and three days.
2 Read Emma's account of how she met Paul. Complete the account with appropriate
time expressions.
B EMMA, 32, AND PAUL, 35
(1) ……………. , I went to the police station to report a burglary. I was really upset
and the policeman who interviewed me was very kind and understanding. He calmed
me down, gave me a cup of coffee and then drove me home. (2) ……………. , he rang
me up and asked me out and now we have been together (3) ……………. .
Paul and Emma 3 Read about Sukwinder and Rajvir. Put the verbs in brackets in the correct form.
C SUKWINDER, 63, AND RAJVIR, 70
I first (1) ……..………. (see) Rajvir near our house in Simla, India when I was
16. I (2) …………..…. (like) him but we didn't really talk. I told my father that I liked
him and he (3) ……….….…. (go) to visit his family. Then we (4) ….……….…. (get)
engaged. We couldn't get to know one another before we were married, so the first time
I was alone with my husband was after the marriage. We (5) …..………. (be) married
for 43 years now and we (6) …………..…. (not/have) an argument yet.
Rajvir and Sukwinder 4 Read about Elena and Basil and complete the account with appropriate verbs.
What do you think happened to Basil's letters?
D ELENA, 86, AND BASIL, 87
I (1) ……….……. Basil when I was 23 and it (2) ….…………. love at first sight. We
(3) ………….…. out together for over a year. We (4) ….…………. to get married, but
my mother was against it because Basil is a Christian Scientist so I (5) ………….….
seeing him. I (6) (not) ……….……. from Basil for a long time, although he
says he (7) …….………. lots of letters. I (8) ….…………. other boyfriends, but I
never got married. I (9) (not) ……….……. anyone else. It was 60 years later, when all
my other boyfriends had died, that I (10) ….…………. to wonder if Basil was still
Elena and Basil alive. So I (11) …….………. to Evergreen, a magazine for retired people. Four days
after my letter was published, I (12) …….………. a letter from Basil. He came to see
me and after two days he (13) …….………. . We (14) …….………. married when
Basil was 85 and I was 84 and we (15) ….…………. happily married for two years.
I (16) (not) ….…………. at another man since the day Basil came back into my life.
5. Which of these stories do you think is the most romantic?
6. Think about couples you know: friends or family. What do you know about how they
met? Tell your partner.
40
EXERCISES
1) honeymoon
2) fiancée
3) money marriage
4) spouse
5) ex
6) to divorce
2. Match the two parts of the following sayings translate them into Russian and give your opinion on
each of them:
1. Marriages are a) if not, you'll become a philosopher. (Socrates)
2. Every woman should marry – b) half shut after. (B. Franklin)
3. Keep your eyes wide open before marriage, c) a skeleton in the cupboard.
4. A man should be taller, older, heavier, uglier, d) and no man. (B. Disraeli)
5. Every family has e) made in heaven.
6. If you find a good wife, you'll be happy; f) and hoarser than his wife. (E.W. Howe)
3. Put each of the following words or phrases in its correct place in the passage below:
date approve go out relationship drift apart

keen break off attracted romantic marriage
Ann was a very (a) ……………….. girl who often dreamed of love and (b) ……………….. . She
was especially (c) ……………….. to a young man called Michael, who worked in the same office
as she did, and he was very (d) ……………….. on her too. They became friendly and one day
Michael asked her to (e) ……………….. with him. Their first (f) ……………….. was a visit to the
cinema, and they both enjoyed the evening so much that they decided to go out together regularly.
Michael was a bit untidy and rather young, and Ann's parents didn't (g) ……………….. of him at
first, but Ann was a sensible, mature girl and they had confidence in her. For a year or so everything
went well, but then somehow they slowly began to (h) ……………….., until finally they decided to
(i) ……………….. their (j) ……………….. .
4. Match the following phrases with their equivalents:

1) to be fond of a) a man at the time he gets married, or just after he is married;
2) to be in love with b) a girl or woman that you have been having a romantic relationship with;
3) a separated couple c) the man who a woman is going to marry and who she is engaged to;
4) a divorced couple d) to have a very deep feeling, often only towards that person;
5) a fiancé e) to be unfaithful to one's wife, husband or lover;
6) a bridegroom f) to have a warm feeling towards that person;
7) a steady girlfriend g) to behave (towards smb) in a romantic way but without serious intentions;
8) an ex-girlfriend h) a married couple who live apart;
9) to flirt with smb i) a couple whose marriage is legally at an end;
10) to cheat on smb j) someone’s former girlfriend / a woman that a man used to go out with.
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5. Put each of the following words in its correct place in the passage below:
bride engaged bridegroom consent wedding
civil reception honeymoon propose toast
One evening, although he was nervous, Joe decided to (a) ……………….. to his girlfriend,
Linda. She accepted his proposal, they became (b) ……………….. and he gave her a ring.
After a year they had saved enough money to get married (they were both over 18 so they did
not need their parents' (c) ………………..). Some people have a religious ceremony with a
priest, but Joe and Linda decided on a (d) ……………….. ceremony in a registry office. On the
day of the (e) ……………….. Linda, the (f) ……………….., was very calm, but Joe, the (g)
……………….., was nervous. Afterwards, at the (h) ……………….., speeches were made and
the guests drank a (i) ……………….. to the happy couple, who finally left for a (j)
……………….. in Spain.
6. Translate the following sentences into English and practise saying them:
1. Дэвид и Алекса поженились в прошлом месяце. 2. Когда люди женятся, они устраивают
свадебное торжество. 3. Моя свекровь вышла замуж за француза. 4. Она выдала замуж
всех своих дочерей. 5. Она не выходила замуж, пока не достигла сорока лет. 6. Мистер
Смит развёлся со своей женой или она развелась с ним? 7. Джек встречается с бывшей
невестой своего брата. 8. Джимми ухаживал за Дженни на протяжении последних трёх
месяцев, но она не согласилась выйти за него замуж. 9. Моя старшая сестра помолвлена с
мистером Пенделбери. 10. Я опять поссорился со своими родителями. 11. Тони и Джейн
расстались. 12. Сьюзи влюбилась в своего однокурсника и строит ему глазки. 13. Вчера он
назначил свидание Еве, а сегодня – Лизе. 14. Он утверждает, что женился на
Виктории по любви. 15. Питер прекратил свои отношения с Анжелой, так как узнал, что
она ему изменяет. 16. У Мэри роман с начальником. 17. И жених, и невеста
опоздали на бракосочетание. 18. Они постоянно ссорились и, в конце концов, решили
разойтись. 19. Завтра молодожёны отправляются в свадебное путешествие в Малайзию.
20. Он не только увлечен Паулой, но еще и ладит с её родителями.
7a) Complete the sentences below with a word from the box.
boyfriends experience face kiss love marriage youth
a) There were three of us in the ………….. so it was a bit crowded.

b) I gave my beauty and my ………….. to men. I am going to give my wisdom and ………….. to
animals.
c) I still remember the chewing gum, tobacco and beer taste of my first ………….., exactly 40
years ago, although I have completely forgotten the ………….. of the American sailor who
kissed me.
d) If grass can grow through cement, ………….. can find you at every time in your life.
e) I make my ………….. famous.
7b) Now match the quotations above to these famous women:

1. Isabelle Allende 3. Naomi Campbell 5. Princess Diana
2. Brigitte Bardot 4. Cher
8. Translate the sentences into Russian paying special attention to the italicized words:
1. He is not of the marrying sort.
2. Adrian and Liz don't see eye to eye.
3. Tom dated Mary every now and then.
4. Do you have a steady boyfriend?
5. Let's try to make it up.
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9. Make up a list of positive and negative sides of family life and explain your choice:
Positive Negative
10. Agree or disagree with the following statements and explain your point of view:
1. The husband should be more intelligent than the wife.
2. Spouses should be alike.
3. Money often keeps people together.
4. Marriage should be compulsory for everybody.
5. The best wife is a housewife.
6. The marriage contract is incompatible with romantic love.
USE
For agreement For disagreement:
I couldn’t agree more… Yes, that’s quite true, but…
That’s just what I was thinking… I'm not sure I quite agree...
You know, that’s exactly what I think… Perhaps, but don't you think that...
I agree entirely… Well, you have a point there, but…
That’s a good point… I see what you mean, but...
For more categorical and informal disagreement:
I can't agree with you there.
You can't be serious!
Come off it!
Don't be so silly!
*11 1а) Translate the text:
Я ищу себе жену. Какой она должна быть? Я не требую от неё интересной внешности. Пусть у
неё будет только стройная фигура и красивое лицо.
Она должна быть весёлой, когда я шучу. И шутить, когда я прихожу домой навеселе.
Меня не интересует её жилплощадь. Главное, чтобы она была большая.
Не интересует меня и её зарплата. Лишь бы она была больше моей.
А вот расходы на свадьбу – поровну; половину внесёт она, а другую – её родители.
Я уверен: когда мы поженимся, у нас появятся общие интересы. Если, например, она не захочет
идти со мной на футбол, то мы останемся дома и будем смотреть по телевизору хоккей.
Я буду заботиться о её здоровье. Чтобы к ней не попадало спиртное, табачное, мучное и
сладкое, я буду всё это уничтожать сам.
Она будет у меня одеваться как богиня: просто и недорого.
Я возьму на себя часть её работы, если, конечно, она возьмёт на себя всю мою.
Мне не важно, как она будет готовить. Лишь бы это было вкусно. И необязательно, чтобы это
была только русская кухня. Здесь у неё полная свобода: сегодня кухня грузинская, а завтра –
венгерская утром и китайская вечером.
Я ищу себе жену.
Я готов отдать ей пол жизни, если она отдаст мне свою целиком.
Если её не будут удовлетворять мои требования, пусть ищет себе нового мужа.
Вот уже много лет я ищу себе жену…
(из «Литературной Газеты»)
11b) Say what you think of this man looking for an ideal wife. Does he strike you as an ideal husband?
1
Tasks marked by an asterisk (*) are optional.
43
ADDITIONAL MATERIAL
WEDDING TRADITIONS IN DIFFERENT COUNTRIES
EGYPTIAN WEDDING CUSTOMS
The ancient Egyptians were the first civilization to regard marriage as a legal relationship. Marriage
in ancient Egypt was a religious imposition. The ancient Egyptian laws organized the marriage relationship
and indicated all rights and duties for the couples. Many of the old marriage contracts have been found, and
they were registered and signed by three officers. The ancient Egyptian laws gave the right of divorce to
women as well as men, and the wife had great respect and a high degree of prestige.
Before marriage in ancient Egypt, there were many chances for men and women to meet in places
such as the temples or at the common feasts. There was a custom in the Egyptian family which allowed the
adult daughter to welcome guests who came to visit her parents. Even today there remains in some parts of
rural Egypt a custom that the eldest daughter is to marry before the youngest. The ancient Egyptians had an
engagement period in order for the couple to become familiar with each other. The groom-to-be and his
parents would go to the bride’s house and meet the head of the family. They would negotiate an agreement
where the groom would pay a dowry and buy the bride a gift of precious stones or gold. On the day of the
wedding there would be a great banquet where all the guests would eat, sing and dance. Then the bride and
groom would be led to their home and on the way, green wheat would be tossed in the air as a symbol of
fertility.
While time has altered modern Egyptian weddings, many of the traditions remain. Christian and
Islamic custom now dictates that the official wedding must take place in a church or mosque. However, the
reception after the official wedding remains much the same as in ancient Egypt. Reception parties differ
from place to place in Egypt but they all hold common features including singing, dancing, a banquet and a
lot of guests. Most often the wealth of the family of the bride and groom dictates the number of guests
invited to the reception.
Certain aspects of Egyptian weddings in urban cities are not unlike weddings anywhere in the
world. The bride wears an ordinary bridal dress and the groom wears a black suit or a tuxedo. The
ceremony starts with a car parade. The wedding car (as prestigious as possible) will be decorated with
flowers and ribbons. Cars of both families move together in a noisy parade of continuous sounding of car
horns to a wedding hall most often in a hotel. The honking is to announce that there is a wedding taking
place. When the bride and groom reach the hotel they are received by a “Zaffa”. The Zaffa is another
human parade of belly dancers and drummers surrounding the bride and groom, singing happy songs. The
bride and groom will occasionally join in the dancing but the main aim is to walk as slowly as possible to
the wedding hall. Some Zaffa’s will last an hour!
When the bride and groom finally reach their destination in the hall they sit in the “Kosha”. The
Kosha usually consists of two comfortable seats in front of the guests where the bride and groom reign as
though king and queen. As soon as the bride and groom are seated in the Kosha a rose sherbet drink is
passed to the guests and all drink to their health. Then the bride and groom will switch rings from right
index fingers to left index finger. This is probably an old Christian tradition but it is done whether the
couple is Moslem or Christian. With this ritual, the festivities begin. The bride and groom have the first
dance after which the other wedding guests join in. Usually a belly dancer or a singer entertains the guests
but in more luxurious weddings there is more than one entertainer. Guests will dance and sing with the
newly wed couple, and the groom will occasionally be tossed in the air by friends. The more the tossing of
the groom the more his popular! After the formal entertainment, a disc jockey is used to extend the
festivities.
Then comes the cutting of the cake. As elsewhere in the world, the bride and groom cut the cake,
which is several layers high. The bride then tosses her flower bouquet behind her back to other hopeful
females. Who ever catches the bouquet is lucky because she will be next to marry. Next, the couple opens
the buffet for the guests, which is usually a wide variety of salads, meats, stews, and sweets. Actually the
list might go on forever in some weddings. Food is considered one of the factors that reflect the wealth of
the families of the bride and groom. After every guest has “stuffed” his or her stomach, the wedding party
is over. In some weddings there may be some more entertainment. Then the bride and groom usually get a
complimentary night or two at the hotel.
Modern urban weddings are obviously affected by western traditions. For example, the cutting of
the cake and tossing of the bouquet. This is not the case with rural areas of Egypt. In rural areas, after the
Zaffa, the wedding ceremony will usually take place in a big clearing of land where a huge Arabic tent
called the “Sewan” is set up. Entertainment includes a belly dancer or singer and sometimes both. Drinks
are passed to guests and food comes in huge plates to be served to guests. The customary food is “Fattah”
which is pieces of lamb meat embedded in rice and bread dipped in stew. The bride and groom will leave
the wedding early but the guests continue the festivities.
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Whether rural or urban, weddings reflect the image of the families that have come together. Both
families show off their wealth to their wedding guests. From this, it would be concluded that Egyptian
weddings are not just an announcement of marriage but also an announcement of the economic positions of
the families.
CHINESE WEDDING CUSTOMS
For the Chinese people, the purpose of marriage is to continue the ancestral line and to create
alliances between two families. As the world changes, Chinese wedding traditions have evolved and
changed as well. Unlike before, only a few traditions in weddings had survived the centuries and became a
part of the modern day weddings. However, there are still families who wish to include traditional practices
in their wedding plans.
In the ancient days, communication was done through letters which played a vital role in the
betrothal and wedding process. Three letters were sent during those times. First was the request letter which
served as a confirmation of the formal arrangement of marriage. This was sent by the groom's family to the
bride's family along with gifts. The second letter was called the gift letter. It served as a gift record that
described the value of each gift. The third one was the Wedding letter which was given to the bride's family
on the wedding day itself.
In other countries nowadays, the bride's family handles the expenses of the wedding because it is
said to be the "bride's day". In some other countries, both the bride and the groom take care of the wedding
expenses. However, for Chinese wedding traditions, it is the "groom's day". This means the groom's family
handles all the festivities before, during and after the wedding.
Before The Big Day
Before the wedding, a Chinese bride is isolated with her closest friends. In this custom, the bride-to-
be symbolically mourns the loss of family and friends. On her wedding day, the bride is bathed in water
which is infused with pomelo in order to cleanse her from bad influences.
Choosing The Wedding Date
A traditional Chinese couple is very picky when it comes to choosing the date for the wedding - it
should be a lucky one. Most Chinese families choose a wedding date which is according to the lunar
calendar. Aside from that, they also make sure that the moon and stars are properly aligned on the chosen
date. It is also customary that the couple should marry on the half-hour rather than at the top hour of their
wedding day. In this way, the hands of the clock are moving up instead of down. This is associated with the
belief of Chinese wedding traditions that the couple could begin their lives on an upswing if that custom is
followed.
Chinese Wedding Traditions – The Colours
The red colour plays a vital role in the wedding festivities of the Chinese people. Red is considered
by them as a bold and lucky colour. In addition to this, the colour signifies love, prosperity and happiness;
therefore, everything is in red – wedding invitations, gift envelopes and the bride's wedding dress. It is also
important that the symbol for double happiness is placed on Chinese invitations, envelopes and wedding
decorations, and accessories.
A New Bed For The Couple
In traditional Chinese families, the parents of the couple usually provide a new bed complete with
pillow cases, comforters, pillows and sheets. A night before the wedding, the groom is required to sleep on
the bed and a young nephew will have to jump up and down the bed to give luck to the couple. It is said
that this practice gives hope on the fertility of the couple and will make them produce an heir soon.
The Big Day
On the day of the wedding, the couple will need to serve tea to both parents and family and guests.
In return, they will be presented with jewelry and money placed in red envelopes.
There will be three different dresses for the bride for Chinese wedding traditions. The white dress
with veil is worn during the wedding ceremony. The second wedding dress, a traditional Chinese wedding
dress is used at the banquet. The last dress is called the bride's going away dress. This dress is worn before
the bride leaves the banquet.
The feast or wedding banquet is an important part during the wedding. Wedding banquets are to
thank family and friends for the kindness they have shown throughout the years. Most feasts will serve a
twelve course meal including delicacies like roasted pig and shark fin soup. Sometimes fried rice and
abalone will also be served.
A post wedding ritual for Chinese wedding traditions happens after the day of the wedding. The
bride should wake up early to honor her ancestors. On this day, the bride is formally introduced to the
groom's family, relatives and friends. Older relatives will be giving her small tokens. Three days after the
wedding, the bride will visit her family where she is welcomed and received as a guest.
45
WEDDING CUSTOMS IN SPAIN
Spain is a nation of many regions, most of which were once independent countries, so wedding
customs sometimes vary from area to area.
Traditionally, the groom gives a watch to the bride's father when his proposal is accepted.
Though some brides still uphold custom by embroidering their groom's wedding shirt, today's
Spanish brides generally choose white wedding dresses for themselves rather than the black lace or silk
gowns that were once popular. No matter what colour the dress, lacy mantillas secured with combs often
complete the ensemble. In Andalucia (Andalusia), a few brides wear a frilled, flamenco style dress in
homage to the distinctive regional dance.
Flower selections vary from region to region. In Seville (Sevilla), where richly-scented orange trees
abound, brides wear orange blossom wreaths or carry generous bouquets to represent the promise and
fulfilment of the orange tree. Brides in Andalusia prefer pink and white rose garlands, while Castillian
brides wear white flowers.
Because dining late is a Mediterranean custom, wedding ceremonies often aren't scheduled until
evening. According to tradition, the bride's father escorts his daughter to the church after having ensured
that the groom has not seen her the night before the ceremony. The groom's mother walks down the aisle
with her son.
Spanish wedding ceremonies are marked by an exchange of 13 gold coins in a special purse or box.
Details of this custom vary from source to source, but even today it is readily possible to buy reproduction
coins to honour the tradition. Whether gold or imitation, these coins are blessed by the officiating priest.
They are said to represent Jesus Christ and his apostles, so they not only have a religious connotation but
also a practical one since they represent a dowry, a pledge of the new groom's willingness to support his
wife.
The bride and bridegroom exchange wedding rings as well. These are worn on the ring fingers of
their right hands.
As they emerge from the church, the newlyweds are often greeted with firecrackers. Once the
reception begins, the festivities continue into the night with dining and dancing. The wedding dance is
called ‘sequidillas manchegas.’ Guests who dance with the bride, traditionally give her money, but pieces
of the groom's tie and/or the bride's garter may also be auctioned off for good luck.
Though the Spanish bride throws her bouquet to whomever will be next to marry, she also hands out
pins with a flower motif to unmarried ladies who attach them to their clothing upside down. The hope is the
pins will be lost during the dancing, and therefore indicate the lady will soon marry. Other favours for
wedding guests are cigars for the gentlemen and something nicely scented for the ladies.
Area delicacies are always on the reception menu. Paella, a delicious seafood and rice stew, is
popular along the coast while sangria, a red wine punch, is found at most Spanish gatherings. The wedding
sponge cake is rich with fruit and almonds.
WEDDING TRADITIONS IN GERMANY

Weddings have been around for many centuries and every society has its own traditions that they
adhere to during these ceremonies. Germany has many regions and these have different traditions but there
are some standard traditions that stand out. In Germany the most favored month for couples to wed is May.
During the engagement period, the bride as well as the groom wears an engagement ring on the left hand.
After the ceremony, this will change and they both wear gold rings without diamonds on their right hand.
In traditional weddings, it is the duty of the official inviter to invite the guests. The inviter puts on fancy
clothing containing flower and ribbon adornments, the inviter then goes to the homes of each of the guests
and invites them to the wedding with a rhyming, personal invitation. Guests show their acceptance by
pinning a single ribbon on a Hochzeitslader hat.
Several weeks prior to the ceremony, the groom along with some male friends visits a pub (Kneipe)
for drinks and to enjoy the groom’s final moments as a single man. On the eve of the wedding, people
smash dishes and plates to scare evil spirits away. For this tradition, only china dishes are used as it is
believed anything else brings with it bad luck. Afterwards, the groom and his bride clean up to signify that
they are able to work together. German brides also collect pennies for a period of time to buy wedding
shoes, to ensure that the marriage carries on unhindered. The mother of the bride also puts some salt and
dill into the right shoe of the bride.
46
Wedding attire for the German bride is usually a white gown with a short or no train. Veils are not
mandatory as well but those that wear them have them at fingertip length and these do not cover the brides’
face. Grooms attires include a dinner jacket (smoking jacket) and a black suit. Prior to the ceremony at the
church, the wedding couple solemnizes their union at the Registry Office (Standesamt) with the registrar as
the officiator. Having a church ceremony without solemnizing the union at the Registry Office is illegal.
Two witnesses are needed for this, one for the groom and the other for his bride. At the church, the
couple walks the aisle together. Groomsmen, bridesmaids and flower girls are not included in German
wedding traditions. It is customary for German brides to carry bread and salt as a sign of plentiful harvests.
The groom on the other hand will carry grain; a sign of good fortune and wealth.
In Northern Germany they like to play a trick on the wedded couple, while they are in church,
getting married. As they come back they will find all their furniture on the roof of the house where they are
going to live, and all the doors locked, i.e. barricaded, no way to get in the normal way. The first obstacle
for the couple to take then is to somehow get into the house and the furniture off the roof, beds, chest
drawers and everything, usually through a hole in the roof. No outside help, but everybody will be
watching.
When the couple leaves the church, they are required to cut a log on top a sawhorse in half to show
the manner they will accomplish difficult tasks. At the reception the best man takes the bride without the
groom’s knowledge, to a pub for champagne. The groom has to look for them and pay the bill. The first
dance is usually reserved for the couple while the next is for the groom and his mother and bride and her
father. The mother of the bride dances with the father of the groom.
A unique German custom is the creation of a "wedding newspaper." Created by friends and family
of the couple, the newspaper is filled with pictures, articles and stories about the couple. The newspaper
can be given away at the reception, but traditionally, it is sold to assist with honeymoon expenses.
During the reception, the bride and groom take part in the German wedding toast, which involves a
special cup, called the "Nuernberg Bridal Cup." Often, the couple reads the story of
the bridal cup to their guests in order to explain the tradition and the unusual cup.
The story is centuries old and follows the story of a noblewoman named
Kunigunde. Despite her wealthy father's disapproval, she fell in love with a young
goldsmith. Kunigunde turned down suitor after suitor, no matter how wealthy they
were. Her father became furious and had the young goldsmith thrown into a dark
dungeon. But this did not end Kunigunde's love for the goldsmith and she grew pale
and weak at the separation from him.
Reluctantly, her father made this proposal: He told his daughter, "If your
goldsmith can make a chalice from which two people can drink at the same time without spilling one single
drop, I will free him and you shall become his bride."
The young goldsmith eagerly took up the challenge and sculpted a girl "with a smile as beautiful as
his own true love's." He hollowed out her skirt to serve as a cup. In her raised arms rested a bucket that
swiveled so that it could be filled, then swung towards a second drinker. The challenge being met, the
goldsmith and the nobleman's daughter were married and the bridal cup was passed down as a symbol of
love, faithfulness and good luck for whoever drinks from it.
An alternative toast is called "Who Rules the Nest?" Before the couple drinks from the bridal cup,
the maid of honor stands and announces that whoever finishes first without spilling the drink will rule the
nest. Because the bride has the smaller cup, naturally, she will be the winner and therefore the "ruler of the
nest." If you do want to use this toast, you may not want to let the groom in on this knowledge beforehand!
47
WEDDING TRADITIONS IN ITALY
Since Italy has a very long history (and there are many subcultures within the country) there are a
lot of wedding traditions in it. (Some are even contradictory!) Many of these traditions are now universally
followed in the western world and have simultaneous origins. Here's a simple one that has become
international: the groom seals the engagement with a diamond ring (as diamonds were created by love's
flames) – but if it contains any gold, the bride should not wear it until she has also received her wedding
band! (As you may know, the ancient Romans appropriated Greek culture and religion for themselves,
renaming all the gods but keeping the essentials. Thus they most likely believed, as the Greeks did, that a
vein from the third finger of the left hand possessed a vein leading directly to the heart. Hence the ring
finger!) Nor should she wear her entire wedding costume (which she should not make herself) before the
big day. It must also remain imperfect or incomplete until she actually walks down the aisle. The complete
outfit includes "la borsa" – a little satin pouch in which she collects monetary gifts from her guests.
The bridal shower is derived from the custom of the bride's packing a trousseau with which to begin
her new life; these days, her friends and female relatives give her gifts instead. Showers and bachelor
parties are not common in Italy, however.
The night before the wedding, the bride should wear green for good luck; green has long been the
color of fertility!
On the wedding morn, there is both the tradition of the groom's coming to the bride's house to "pick
her up" and walk her to the church, and the conflicting tradition of the groom's not even being allowed to
see the bride until she is brought down the aisle to stand by him for the marriage ceremony. (The bridal veil
not only hides her from her husband but more importantly protects her from evil spirits.) Yet another
tradition has the groom waiting in front of the church for his intended; he has brought a bouquet to present
to her (the bouquet including some fragrant herbs, again to ward off those pesky evil spirits), carries a bit of
iron in his pocket, also to defend against the "evil eye"); his friends tease him by pretending the poor fellow
is about to be left in the lurch. The front of the wedding chapel door has a ribbon nicely tied across it (as
have the doors of the houses between the bride's house and the church), representing the tying of the knot
between man and woman.
If the groom does walk the bride to church, she should leave, right foot first, from her front door,
and the community should throw challenges in their path, such as a broom (she should pick it up, proving
herself a good housewife) or a crying child (both bride and groom should prove themselves good potential
parents by comforting it). If they meet a pig, their luck will be bad, but a black cat will bring good fortune.
A funeral bespeaks ill, but sunshine or a rainbow forecasts fortune. The bride and groom might be
confronted with a sawhorse, double-handed saw and a log; they must show their true spirit of partnership
by sawing the log in half together. (Sometimes this is done between the wedding and the reception.)
The church service, or sposalizio, which takes place most luckily on a Sunday but neither during
Lent nor Advent, nor in May or August, generally begins with a Catholic mass. Whether the bride has
arrived with the groom or hidden herself away until the last moment, she ends up standing on his left –
possibly to free his right hand to defend them with his sword should a rival come to kidnap his love! And
it’s better not to drop the ring. It's bad luck.
The bridesmaids and groomsmen are very important at the wedding ceremony. Ancient Roman law
once required 10 witnesses at any wedding, dressed quite like the bride and groom in order to confuse
jealous evil spirits. Some couples release a pair of doves outside and allow themselves to be pelted with
rice, paper confetti or real confetti: little tulle bags containing either three (for children), five or seven
candy-covered almonds, to promote fertility. They drive or are driven to the reception in a car decorated
with ribbons and flowers.
The reception is a fabulous affair. Decorations usually include tied ribbons and fresh or ribbon
flowers.
The best man acts as the greeter, serving sweet liquor to the women and strong liquor to the men
prior to the meal, for toasting purposes. The toasts will continue during the entire reception, too.
The mothers-in-law have a table by the reception entrance for "raccomandazioni o favori," the
repayment of favours: debtors (be the debts monetary or in the form of favours) may (nay, MUST!) take
this opportunity to make repayment; a notebook is kept with all the repayment details, and this is not done
unwitnessed! The bride herself presents her new mother-in-law with an olive branch, symbolizing peace.
The guests receive, as wedding favours, little pottery or glass dishes, each filled with a bag of
confetti, which are meant to represent both the sweet and bitter aspects of a marriage, the perceivable
reminder of the "for better or worse" part of the wedding vows.
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The bouquet-toss and garter toss have become a part of just about every western wedding tradition,
and Italian weddings are no exception. The bride tosses her bouquet behind her to the eagerly gathered
single gals, and whoever catches is will be the next to marry. The groom removes his wife's garter from her
right leg and tosses it to the single men; the lucky catcher places the garter on the right leg of whoever
caught the bouquet.
Italian wedding food is famously gorgeous. It may consist of more than a dozen courses and was, in
ancient Rome, preceded by the breaking of a loaf of barley or wheat bread over the bride's head! (Perhaps
this showed who THOUGHT he was the master of the house, but then, there is the famous Italian saying,
"La moglie e' la chiave di casa!" ("The wife is the key of the house.") The guests gather up the crumbs for
good luck and to help the couple become fertile; this evolved into the gifting of guests with pieces of
wedding cake, and some still believe that one who sleeps with a piece of wedding cake under the pillow
will dream of his or her future spouse.
Of course the meal begins with antipasto (literally "before the pasta") and includes bow-ties, or
wanda (small pieces of twisted, sugared dough). Italian wines are served, as are many kinds of pasta,
pickled peppers, fried squid and olives. The meat is usually a roasted lamb or a roasted piglet. Bags of
roasted peanuts are traditional fare as well.
During the meal, the toasting (especially the repeated call for the couple to stand up and kiss)
continues and the dancing begins. First the bride and groom dance together.
The father of the bride cuts in and the groom asks his new mother-in-law to dance. The groom's
father replaces the bride's father, who ousts the groom and dances with his own wife. The displaced groom
now dances with his own mother. The in-laws change partners among themselves. Now the best man
invites the maid or matron of honour, the best man takes his turn with the bride, and the rest of the wedding
party joins in. Only then, the other guests step into the action, which continues into the wee hours.
Every man dances with the bride (holding his coat open to expose his shirt, to show he has brought
no weapon to such a joyous occasion) and this is a good time for the bride to collect money (buste) in her
borsa. The men all kiss the bride too! Meanwhile the groom allows his tie to be cut in pieces, which he sells
to the guests. (Some say this is to help pay for the honeymoon, others that it simply pays for the band.)
Everyone joins in for a Tarantella, or "spider dance." Dating back to medieval times, this dance is
performed in a wild circle and resembles the frenzy of a spider-bite victim. Another tradition is the "cookie
dance," in which the couple leads guests in a dance that ends up at a table where each may take one of the
many cookies waiting there.
The wedding cake is white (for purity), tiered and topped by figurines representing the bride and
groom. It was once the custom for the bride to cut the cake alone, to prove herself not only a good wife in
terms of being able to serve food, but a good lover (the knife is a male symbol, and even today, the first cut
will often bring a gush of cream from the cake's interior). These days the bride and groom cut the cake
together, the bride's left hand over the groom's left, which is over her right. They feed each other the first
slice. Sometimes a less expensive cake is baked as well and distributed to the guests if there are too many
for even a large, fancy wedding cake to accommodate. Coffee is served to the guests along with the cake,
for dessert.
In ancient tradition, guests would rip the bride's clothes in an attempt to inherit some of her luck of
the day. This has been replaced by a more sedate tradition: the tearing of the bride's veil for good luck, and
the breaking of a vase or wine glass in order to count into how many pieces it shatters: one for each year of
married bliss.
The bride and groom don't get much rest; they go about from table to table, greeting and chatting
with every guest, so no one should feel left out. Some guests will count themselves out on purpose,
preferring to devise practical jokes for the couple such as itching powder in the bed or a door that is stuck
shut!
After the reception, the bride and groom retire to their new house, where no one must ever have
slept before. (This will be difficult to achieve in today's world; perhaps a new bed would satisfy that
requirement?) The groom must carry the bride over the threshold so waiting evil spirits will miss their last
chance to capture her.
Perhaps oddly, it is traditional for the married couple to leave their wedding gifts untouched, even
until after their honeymoon! In some cases, the in-laws do the honours.
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THE JEWISH WEDDING CEREMONY
The very first stage of a traditional Jewish marriage, is the shidduch, or matchmaking. This means that the
process of finding a partner is not accidental. Rather, a close friend or relative of the young man or woman, who
knows someone that they feel may be a compatible partner, suggests that they meet. The purpose of the meeting
is for the prospective bride and groom to determine if they are indeed compatible. The meetings usually focus on
discussion of issues important to marriage as well as casual conversation.
When the families have met, and the young couple have decided to marry, the families usually announce
the occasion with a small reception, known as a vort. Some families sign a contract, the tenaim, meaning
"conditions," that determines the obligations of each side regarding the wedding and a final date for the wedding.
Others do this at the wedding reception an hour or so before the marriage. One week before the wedding the
bride and groom, the chosson and kallah, stop seeing each other, in order to enhance the joy of their wedding
through their separation.
At the reception itself, the first thing usually done is the completion, signing and witnessing of the
ketuvah, or marriage contract. The ketuvah, written in Aramaic, details the husband's obligations to his wife:
food, clothing, dwelling and pleasure. It also creates a lien ([ ] правило удержания имущества до уплаты
долга) on all his property to pay her a sum of money and support should he divorce her, or predecease (умереть
раньше) her. The document is signed by the groom and witnessed by two people, and has the standing of a
legally binding agreement, that in many countries is enforceable by secular (светский, мирской, нецерковный)
law. The ketuvah is often written as an illuminated (украшенный миниатюрами, золотом, серебром и т.п.)
manuscript, and becomes a work of art in itself, and many couples frame it and display it in their home.
After the signing of the ketuvah, which is usually accompanied by some light snacks and some hard
liquor for the traditional lechaims (the Jewish salute when drinking, which means, "to life!"), the groom does the
bedekin, or "veiling." The groom, together with his father and future father-in-law, is accompanied by musicians
and the male guests to the room where the bride is receiving her guests. She sits, like a queen, on a throne-like
chair surrounded by her family and friends. The groom, who has not seen her for a week (an eternity for a young
couple!), covers her face with her veil. This ceremony is mainly for the legal purpose of the groom identifying
the bride before the wedding.
The next stage is known as the chuppah, or "canopy" (балдахин; навес; полог). The chuppah is a
decorated piece of cloth held aloft (наверху) as a symbolic home for the new couple. It is usually held outside,
under the stars, as a sign of the blessing given by G-d to the patriarch Abraham, that his children shall be "as the
stars of the heavens". The groom is accompanied to the chuppah by his parents, and usually wears a white robe,
known as a kittel, to indicate the fact that for the bride and groom, life is starting anew with a clean white slate
(сначала, с чистого листа), since they are uniting to become a new entity (сущность), without past sins. In
fact, the bride and groom usually fast on the day of the wedding (until the chuppah) since for them it is like Yom
Kippur, the Day of Atonement (искупление (грехов)). While the bride comes to the chuppah with her parents, a
cantor sings a selection from the Song of Songs, and the groom prays that his unmarried friends find their true
partners in life. When the bride arrives at the chuppah she circles the groom seven times with her mother and
future mother-in-law, while the groom continues to pray. This symbolizes the idea of the woman being a
protective, surrounding light of the household, that illuminates it with understanding and love from within and
protects it from harm from the outside. The number seven parallels the seven days of creation, and symbolizes
the fact that the bride and groom are about to create their own "new world" together.
Under the chuppah, an honored Rabbi or family member then recites a blessing over wine, and a blessing
that praises and thanks G-d for giving us laws of sanctity (святость, безгрешность) and morality to preserve
the sanctity of family life and of the Jewish people. The bride and groom then drink from the wine. The blessings
are recited over wine, since wine is symbolic of life.
The groom, now takes a plain gold ring and places it on the finger of the bride, and recites in the presence
of two witnesses, "Behold you are sanctified (betrothed ([ ' ' ] обручить, помолвить)) to me with
this ring, according to the Law of Moses and Israel". The ring symbolizes the concept of the groom
encompassing (окружать), protecting and providing for his wife.
After this, the sheva brachos, or seven blessings, are recited, either by one Rabbi, or at many weddings a
different blessing is given to various people the families wish to honor.
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At this point the couple again share in drinking the cup of wine, and the groom breaks a glass by stamping
on it. This custom dates back to Talmudic times, and symbolizes the idea of keeping Jerusalem and Israel in
minds even at times of joy. Just as the Temple in Jerusalem is destroyed, so we break a utensil to show our
identification with the sorrow of Jewish exile.
Now that the couple are married they are accompanied by dancing guests to the cheder yichud, "the room
of privacy." They may now be alone in a closed room together, an intimacy reserved only for a married couple.
While the bride and groom are alone together (usually eating, after having fasted all day) the guests sit
down to eat a festive meal. At some point, the band announces the arrival "for the very first time, Mr. and Mrs.
____!!!" and everyone joins in dancing around the bride and groom. The dancing, in accordance with Jewish law
requires a separation between men and women for reasons of modesty, and hence there is a mechitzah, or
partition between the men and women. The meal ends with the Birchas Hamazon, Grace After Meals, and again
the seven blessings are recited over wine, shared afterwards by the bride and groom.
FRENCH WEDDING TRADITIONS

France has always been synonymous with love and romance and a traditional French wedding
reflects the same through its varied customs and ceremonies. All the customs and rituals in a traditional
French wedding symbolize many important aspects of marriage. Not all, but a few of the traditions are still
prevalent.
Wearing orange blossoms is a symbol of virginity in France. A French ambassador who wanted a
clipping from an orange tree in Spain began the tradition. He sent a gardener’s daughter to get it, with a
promise that she would get a large dowry in return, so that she would be able to marry. She got the clipping
and wore orange blossoms in her hair on her wedding day to honor the orange tree that helped her marry.
Very fragrant flowers are used for the bouquets and decorations, following the belief that the smell
will ward off evil spirits.
The traditional bridal trousseau originated in France and was derived from the word “trousseau,” or
“bundle.” The bundle refers to the clothes and other possessions that a bride would take with her from her
family’s home to the one she’d share with her husband.
In many smaller French towns, the groom will meet his betrothed at her home on the day of the
wedding and escort her to the ceremony. Across the road, children stretch white ribbons which the bride
cuts as they proceed towards the chapel.
At the church, the bride and groom are seated upon two red velvet chairs beneath a silk canopy, or
“carrel.” Sometimes laurel leaves are scattered across their paths when they exit the church, or small coins
are tossed for the towns’ children to gather.
During the reception, the couple often uses a toasting cup called a “Coupe de Marriage.” It is a two
handed cup that is passed down through each generation. In fact, the origin of giving a toast began in
France when a small piece of toast was dropped into the couple’s wine to ensure a healthy life. Hence the
reference to lifting your glass in a “toast.”
Another tradition that is finding its way into wedding celebrations is that of "beheading" a bottle of
champagne with a sabre specially-made for the occasion. Begun as a means of showing off their skill on
horseback, the Hussards under Napoleon's command celebrated their victories by 'sabring' off the top of a
bottle of champagne. As legend has it, these skilled horsemen would ride on horseback at a full gallop
while brave (or foolhardy!) ladies would hold up the bottles. With over 100 lbs. of pressure per square inch
in a bottle of champagne, the sabre must strike the neck at exactly the right angle.
The practice spread throughout France as a way to celebrate special occasions such as weddings,
and nowadays celebrants can purchase decorative replicas of these sabres that have been faithfully
recreated by artisans in Thiers, France – the French capital of cutlery.
On an equally dynamic note, some bridal couples choose to serve a croquembouche instead of a
wedding cake. This tasty desert is a pyramid of crème-filled pastry puffs that are drizzled with a caramel
glaze.
A fairly boisterous French wedding tradition involves continuing the celebrating into the wee hours
of the night. After the reception, friends gather outside the newlyweds’ window and bang together pots and
pans. These raucous revelers are then invited inside for a few more drinks in the couple’s honor before they
are finally allowed to spend their first night together as husband and wife…
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UKRAINIAN WEDDING TRADITIONS
The Ukrainian marriage ceremony is rich with traditions that have their origins both in Eastern Rite
Christianity and in Ukraine’s ancient pagan past.
Ukrainian weddings traditionally began with a courtship whereby (при помощи которого) the
parents of the groom would choose a bride for their son. This would have been carried out with the
approval of the bride's parents. However this tradition is no longer observed. Nowadays, the couple may
sometimes request their parents' approval of the union but they choose their partners themselves.
So, the wedding ceremony begins 30-40 days before the wedding itself. The bridegroom's father and
friends ask for "bride's hand". Usually, her father gives an answer, after asking his daughter about her
decision whether she wants to marry the young man or not. If the bride wishes to take this guy as her future
life partner, the bridegroom's and bride's parents discuss the time and place of the wedding party. But...if
the girl does not wish to marry the guy, she gives him a pumpkin!
Dressing a bride is a special ritual. Bride's friends have been with her since early morning. They put
a gown on her, make a hair-do and put on a bridal veil... On her head, the Ukrainian bride will wear a
wreath which is decorated with flowers and different coloured cascading ribbons. This symbolises
maidenly beauty and innocence. At the end of the festivities, the bride will throw the wreath into a crowd of
unmarried girls. The person who catches the wreath will become the next bride. This tradition is very
similar to the European tradition where the bride throws her bouquet into the crowd. It has been said that
the European tradition of throwing a bouquet into the crowd came from the Ukrainian tradition of throwing
wreathes, however, nowadays Ukrainian weddings usually conform to European traditions.
The bridegroom comes to his bride in a car decorated with flowers, ribbons and balloons.
Sometimes, a doll dressed like a bride is placed on the car's hood. When the car (or cars) comes up to the
house of the bride, they start to honk. It means that the bridegroom and his relatives are ready to take the
bride, her parents and friends to the church and ZAGS (Registry Office), to get married and register their
marriage.
But before he meets his loved one the relatives and friends will demand a ransom for the bride. This
is the most special and exciting part of the whole affair. The groom must complete several tasks in order to
demonstrate his strength and intellect. If he fails to complete a task, then he must give out money, sweets
and liquor to the guests. The result of his efforts is the possession of his loved one. This tradition remains
popular to this day.
Then the bride, the groom and their families gather at the home of the bride’s parents for the
Blahoslovenya – or "blessing." At the Blahoslovenya, the parents of the bride and groom convey their
formal approval and good wishes to the young couple. It is here that the two families officially become one.
When the bridegroom and bride walk out of the bride's house, the bride's mother throws seeds
(symbol of wellbeing) onto their heads, as well as roseleaves (symbol of prosperity and health) and coins
(symbol of financial stability in a family).
The official registration of marriage in the ZAGS starts with the sound of fanfares. A Ukrainian
embroidered towel is spread at the feet of the couple, they stand on it and the ceremony begins. In fact, at
this place, the bridegroom and bride become husband and wife. After the ceremony, the spouses receive
congratulations from friends and relatives. The "newly-made" husband takes his wife from the Registry
Office in his arms.
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Then the young couple with their relatives and friends will go to the church (if they so choose).
Unlike most western marriage ceremonies, in which the father of the bride "gives away" his daughter, the
Ukrainian bride and groom enter the church together. There are two reasons for this. First, the father of the
bride has already given his blessing at the Blahoslovenya, held earlier that day. Second, it is tradition that
the bride and groom enter the church arm in arm – as equal partners. This spirit of teamwork and equality
has always been at the heart of Ukrainian marriage.
Then comes the most touching and important moment to the couple, their parents, friends and
relatives. The priest blesses the new family for happiness, health, luck, faithfulness, understanding, love
and respect for one another. God's blessing is the most serious blessing for the new family. Crowns, or
wreaths of myrtle, are placed on the heads of the couple, symbolizing that both the husband and wife reign
over the newly-established family with love, peace, and harmony. The hands of the bride and groom are
joined with an embroidered cloth, or rushnyk, to signify their newly forged union. Once bound to one
another, the couple circles the tetrapod (small altar) three times. This procession is called the "Dance of
Isaiah," which reminds us that marriage is a never-ending journey.
There are many prejudices connected with the ceremony in church. They say that if the bride's dress
catches the fire from a candle, it means that the marriage is doomed. So it is quite understandable that the
bride's mother is always very careful in church, and does her best to prevent any of such things.
Ukrainian wedding receptions begin with a ceremony welcoming the bride and groom into the
community. With all guests present, the parents meet the newlyweds at the door. They offer the young
couple gifts of bread, salt, honey and wine. Bread represents nature’s bounty, salt is a necessity of life, and
honey and wine stand for prosperity. The newly-formed family then joins in a toast. In accordance with
tradition, the father of the bride will drink the most wine out of the group, because it is usually at this point
that he realizes just how much this whole thing is costing him.
After that the newly-weds should break their wedding glasses which is an ancient and spectacular
ritual. They say that the sound of breaking glasses wards off evil spirits and brings luck to the future family.
However... a trial is expecting the bridegroom. It may happen that the bride’s shoe or the bride
herself may be stolen. The groom must then search for them or the guests will ask him to pay 50-500
hryvnias for the shoe, or even a bigger sum for the bride. Also, the groom’s best man must drink liquor
from the bride's shoe (or from the glass put into the shoe) as a punishment for his lack of vigilance
(бдительность).
All the guests are sure that the newly married couple will be the happiest family. But it stirs
everyone's curiosity – who will be the head of the family – He or She? National tradition helps to clear up
this issue. The newly married are given traditional bread and they try to break it apart. The head of the
family will be the person who has got a larger part of it left in the hands! This ritual is more like a joke at
the wedding party, but as time goes by it becomes obvious that traditional ceremonies are telling truth!
Like all weddings, Ukrainian marriage ceremonies involve much noise and happiness with music,
dances, toasts and shouts of “gor'ko” after which the couple must kiss. The host of the occasions will
organise fun games, poems and little ditties. Guests usually give the couple useful, practical gifts, which
will be helpful to the couple in their married life. Accepting the gifts is no easy matter. The bride and
groom must show interest in every gift. They must unwrap the present, study it and then express their
gratitude to the guest. The money usually goes to the groom, and other items and flowers go to the bride.
The couples as well the guests then dance away to the music. This moment of merriment is also
marked by an elaborate spread comprising of some scrumptious Ukrainian delicacies. The party may last
till late night or so.
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LISTENING 1. THE BIG DAY
1.1. Read about the following wedding rituals. Are any of them common in your country? What do you
think each ritual means?
a) The bride and groom cut the wedding cake together.
b) The groom gives the bride gold coins during the church ceremony.
c) Guests pin money on the bridegroom's suit during the reception.
d) Guests throw rice over the bride and groom as they leave the church.
e) An older person holds a black umbrella over the bride's head as she leaves her home to go to the
groom's home.
f) The bride throws her bouquet of flowers over her shoulder into the crowd of guests.
II. LISTENING AND COMPREHENSION TASK

2.1. Listen to the description of a wedding ritual and answer the following questions.
a) Which ritual does the speaker talk about?
b) Which country is this ritual from?
Did you guess correctly the significance of the ritual?
III. AUDITORY MEMORY CHECK

3.1. Fill in the gaps with appropriate prepositions.
I'm married (1) ____ a Turk. And the weddings in
Turkey are quite different (2) ____ how they are in
the UK. There are a lot of people (3) ____ the
wedding. There are sometimes as many as four or
five hundred guests, and one of the most interesting
things, I think, (4) ____ Turkish weddings is the
fact that the guests at the wedding pin gold, money,
banknotes (5) ____ the bride's and groom's
costumes, on the bridegroom's suit and on the
bride's dress. I think, as, (6) ____ what I can
understand, that this money and gold is used
(7) ____ the bride and groom to set themselves
(8) ____ for their new life together living in their
new house, their new home, (9) ____ buy things
like a fridge, and other things they might need
(10) ____ their future life together.
IV. FOLLOW-UP ACTIVITY

Think of a wedding you've been to. You are going to tell your partner about it. Choose from the list the things
you want to talk about. Think about what you will say and what language you will use.
Who was getting married? What did you have to eat and drink?
Where, when and what time of year did the ceremony Did anybody give any speeches? Who?
take place? Did the guests give the bride and groom presents?
What was the weather like? How did the day end?
What were you wearing? Did you enjoy the wedding?
What did the bride and groom wear?
Did you know many people at the wedding?
Where did you go for the reception?
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LISTENING 2. TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY DATING
1) to have so much in common a) считать, полагать
2) to charge a fee b) рекламный трюк
3) response c) забавный, занимательный, занятный
4) spark d) голосовать
5) to take off e) иметь много общего
6) amusing f) внешность
7) to rush g) ответ
8) to challenge h) желательный, подходящий
9) look i) предполагаемый, примерный,
приблизительный
10) to consider j) бросать вызов
11) publicity stunt k) позабавить, развеселить
12) to vote l) потрясённый, шокированный
13) eligible m) спешить
14) estimated n) снимать
15) to amuse o) брать плату
16) appalled p) искра
1.2. Read these extracts from an article on how two couples began their relationship. What do you think
happened before they first met or spoke to each other?
Couple 1 ‘Then Tom and I had our first “date” – we spoke for 11 hours and that phone call changed
the course of our relationship. Now we’ve decided to meet.’
Couple 2 ‘It was love at first sight for Joel Emerson and Lisa Bunyan, which was luck because they
met for the first time on their wedding day!’
1.3. Work with a partner. Find out how the two couples met. Student A read about couple 1. Student B read
about couple 2. When you’ve finished reading, close your books and tell each other about the two
‘dates’.
Couple 1
I’ve finally found the man of my dreams. We have so much in common, we laugh at the same
things and talk for hours. There’s only one problem. We’ve never met. Tom lives in the US. I live in
Ireland. We met on the Net.
I wasn’t looking for Mr Right. I was just hoping to chat to some interesting people. The American
singles dating site didn’t charge a fee so I filled in a form with my likes and dislikes and a short
paragraph about myself. By the end of the week I had about 25 responses. Over the next five months, I
went on eight dates with men I met on the Net. One I dated for about two months, others I saw a couple
of times before I realised there was no real spark. Then, two months ago, just as I was about to take my
details off the Net, I received an e-mail from a guy in America called Tom. His note was amusing and he
sounded interesting so I decided to write back.
Soon I found myself rushing back home after work to check my e-mails. Tom made me laugh, he
challenged my opinions. We talked about everything. My friends weren’t particularly impressed when I
told them about him, but I knew this one was different.
We exchanged pictures by e-mail and we liked what we saw, but at this stage looks didn’t matter.
Then Tom and I had what we consider our first ‘date’. We spoke for 11 hours and that phone call
changed the course of our relationship. We've decided to meet.
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Couple 2
It was love at first sight for Joel Emerson and Lisa Bunyan, which was lucky because they met for
the first time on their wedding day!
As a publicity stunt, a local Australian radio station ran a seven-week competition which they
called ‘Two Strangers and a Wedding’. The radio station voted Joel Emerson, 24 and a marketing
consultant, the ‘most eligible bachelor’. Lisa Bunyan, 22, who works at a management training centre,
was one of 300 single women who rushed to the phone to offer herself as his bride. The only direct
contact they had before their wedding day was when Joel proposed over the telephone on the radio. An
estimated 50,000 listeners witnessed the romantic (but not particularly intimate) moment when Lisa said
‘yes’. The groom’s mother was not amused and told a local newspaper that she was shocked and
appalled. As the couple left for their honeymoon in Paris, they told the same newspaper, ‘We know that
we're doing the right thing.’
1.4. Complete the sentences. Refer back to the texts given above, if you need to.
1. I don’t believe in _______________ at first _______________ .
2. Somewhere in the world there’s a Mr or Miss _______________ for everybody.
3. People don’t usually marry the man or woman of their _______________ .
4. _______________ women enjoy their independence men tend to be keen to get married.
5. A man should _______________ to a woman. It isn’t natural for a woman to ask a man to marry
her.
6. A marriage is more likely to succeed if both partners have had _______________ before getting
married.
7. If the bride and _______________ are in love then it doesn’t really matter what the parents think
8. It's better to save the money than spend it on an expensive _______________ in some exotic
location.
1.5. Do you agree with the statements above? Discuss with your partner.

2.1. Listen to the two interviews about the relationships one year later. Have the relationships survived?
What problems did each couple have? Listen and find out.
2.2. Listen again. Which of the following sentences belong to Tom and Kathy’s story and which belong to
Lisa and Joel's?
1. They arranged to meet at the airport.
2. She felt very nervous.
3. They’ve been married for a year now.
4. He looked just like his photo.
5. They’ve just celebrated their first wedding anniversary.
6. She went straight back home.
7. His mother hasn’t spoken to him since the wedding.
8. They’ve moved away from their home town.
9. She hated his shoes.
10. They’ve been in their new home for about six months.
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2.3. Look at these two sentences and answer the questions.
1. Kathy and Tom had an e-mail relationship for six months.
2. Joel and Lisa have been together for one year.
a) Do Kathy and Tom still communicate by e-mail?
b) Are Joel and Lisa still together?
2.4. Here is some more information about Tom, Kathy, Joel and Lisa. Look at the tenses of the verbs.
Tick (v) the situations which are still going on now.
1. Kathy has been single since she returned from Denver.
2. Tom went travelling in Europe for a few months.
3. Joel and Lisa haven’t been back to their home town for six months.
4. Joel has been a marketing consultant since he left college.
5. Kathy has been looking for the man of her dreams for a long time.
6. Tom has had his own business manufacturing shoes since 1997.
7. Kathy hasn’t used the Internet since she met Tom.
8. Lisa played the piano for ten years.
3.1. Complete the following table.
since for
yesterday one day
2001
five minutes
my last birthday
ten years
I was born
two weeks
New Year
an hour
3.2. Write five sentences about yourself using the time expressions from the table: four that are true and
one lie. Then read your sentences to your partner and see if they know which sentence is a lie.
57
LISTENING 3. BIBI KHANYM AND THE ORIGIN OF THE MUSLIM VEIL
The mosque of
Bibi Khanym is one
of the most
beautiful buildings
in Samarkand. Bibi
Khanym was the
favourite wife of
King Tamerlane.
The legend of her
mosque is said to
explain why
Muslim women
wear a veil over
their face.
I. PRE-LISTENING TASKS:
1. Do you know any stories which explain natural or historical phenomena (such as
how the elephant got its trunk, why ships are launched with a bottle of champagne
or why a rabbit's foot is said to be lucky)? Tell any story like this that you know.
2. Which places in the world would you most like to visit, and why? Do some places
have magical, exotic names for you? Which places? Are they exotic to everyone?
Why do they sound so exotic to some people?
3. Where, exactly, is Samarkand?
4. Match the following words with their meanings:
58
1) conquering a) a self-employed builder who employs labour;
2) mosque b) a place with water and trees in a desert;
3) exquisite c) relating to or from the eastern part of the world,
specially China and Japan;
4) tiles d) a soldier or fighter who is brave and
experienced - used about people in the past;
5) oriental e) a building in which Muslims worship;
6) veil f) feeling very ashamed and sad because you
know that you have done something wrong;
7) oasis g) having a higher position, level, or rank;
8) master builder h) very good or beautiful, and very impressive;
9) advances i) acquiring by force of arms; winning in war;
10) mighty j) extremely beautiful and very delicately made;
11) magnificent k) actions or words intended to be sexually inviting;
12) guilty l) flat square pieces of baked clay or other
material, used for covering walls, floors etc;
13) warrior m) a thin piece of material that women wear to cover
their faces at formal occasions or for religious reasons;
14) senior n) very strong and powerful, or very big and impressive;
II. LISTENING AND COMPREHENSION TASKS:

1. Listen to the tape. Complete the following sentence after you have listened:
According to King Tamerlane, a woman's beauty can be ______________________
59
2. A student wrote these notes while she was listening to the tape. Unfortunately, she made a
few mistakes. If necessary, listen to the tape again and underline her mistakes.
3. Which of these sentences are true (T) and which are false (F)?
1. Tamerlane was a warrior.
2. Samarkand was surrounded by desert.
3. The mosques were decorated with gold inside.
4. Bibi Khanym was Tamerlane's chief wife.
5. Bibi Khanym designed the mosque herself, to honour her husband.
6. The master builder fell in love with Bibi Khanym as soon as he first saw her.
7. The master builder agreed to finish the mosque if Bibi Khanym would let him
kiss her once.
8. Bibi Khanym loved the master builder more than anything else.
9. Tamerlane returned unexpectedly.
10. The architect was killed by Tamerlane.

How do you think Bibi Khanym spent the rest of her life?
60
UNIT 4. FAMILY LIFE TOPICAL VOCABULARY
adopt (v) усыновлять, удочерять; one’s first/former/ предыдущего/
ancestors предки; present marriage этого брака;
(great-)aunt тётя (двоюродная бабушка); heir наследник;
(new-born) baby (новорожденный) ребёнок, inherit smth унаследовать ч-то;
младенец; in-laws родственники со стороны мужа или жены;
bachelor холостяк; keep the family содержать семью;
be/get widowed быть овдовевшей/ kid (разг) малыш, ребёнок;
овдоветь; mother, mum мать, мама;
be in the family way/ named after smb названный в честь к-то;
expect a baby/be pregnant быть беременной nephew племянник;
(with one’s fifth child) (пятым ребёнком); next of kin, akin, kinsman ближайш./кровн.родственник
be related to smb быть кому-то (кровными) niece племянница;
(by birth) by marriage родственниками nuclear/extended family малая (нуклеарная)
по мужу или жене; семья, состоящая из родителей и детей/большая
breadwinner кормилец (семьи); семья, включающая, кроме родителей и детей,
bring up, raise воспитывать; также ближайших родственников
(younger) brother (младший) брат; offspring отпрыск, потомок;
brother-in-law зять (муж сестры), шурин, old maid, spinster старая дева, незамужняя
деверь, свояк; женщина, девица;
(only) child (единственный) ребёнок; on one’s mother’s/ со стороны матери/
(grown up) children (взрослые) дети; father’s side отца;
(senior) daughter (старшая) дочь; orphan сирота;
daughter-in-law невестка (жена сына), сноха; second/distant cousin троюродный брат/сестра;
descend from происходить из, от; sibling родной брат или сестра;
distant/near, close/blood дальний/близкий/кровный single/one-parent family неполная семья;
relative/relation родственник; single father/ mother отец/мать-одиночка;
father, dad, daddy отец, папа; (elder) sister (старшая) сестра;
father/mother-in-law тесть, свёкор/тёща/свекровь; sister-in-law невестка (жена брата),
foster (v) воспитывать (чужого ребёнка); золовка, свояченица;
foster child/brother приёмн. ребёнок/молочн.брат (junior) son (младший) сын;
foster father/mother приёмный отец/мать; son-in-law зять (муж дочери);
foster parents приёмные родители; start a family родить/зачать 1-го ребёнка,
give birth to/ родить ребёнка; обзавестись семьёй/детьми;
have a child/baby stepchildren приёмные дети;
godfather/-mother крёстный отец/мать; stepdaughter/-son падчерица/пасынок;
godson/-daughter крестник/крестница; stepfather/-mother отчим/мачеха;
grandchildren внуки; toddler ребёнок, начинающий
grandson/-daughter внук/внучка; ходить;
grandfather/-mother дедушка/бабушка; triplets тройня;
grandparents бабушка и дедушка; twins близнецы;
great-grandfather прадедушка; (great-)uncle дядя (двоюродный дедушка);
great-grandmother прабабушка; upbringing воспитание;
guardian опекун; ward подопечный ребёнок
half-brother/sister единокровн.брат/сестра (по 1 из родит.);(grass) widow (соломенная) вдова;
stepbrother/sister сводный, брат/сестра; widower вдовец.
have a son/daughter by иметь сына/дочь от 1-го/
COLLOQUIAL PHRASES
He is a good family man. – Он – хороший семьянин.
Frank was born into/to/of a wealthy family. – Фрэнк был рожден в богатой семье.
He was born on the wrong side of the blanket. – Он был рождён вне брака.
The baby is due in May. – Ребёнок должен родиться в мае.
We called our first child after my grandfather. – Мы назвали первого ребёнка в честь моего дедушки.
Sam followed in his father's footsteps and became a family doctor. – Сэм пошёл по стопам отца и стал
семейным врачом.
61

MY FAMILY
Before I start talking about my family let me introduce myself. My name is Maxim, Max for short. My
full name is Maxim Nikolayevich Chernenko. Chernenko is my surname, Maxim is my first name, and
Nikolaevich is my patronymic. I am not yet eighteen. At present, I am a first-year student at the Odessa
Mechnikov National University.
Our family is neither large nor small. I have got a mother, a father, an elder brother and a sister. We all
live together in a three-room flat in one of the new districts of Odessa. We are an average Ukrainian family.
My father Nikolay Ivanovich is 45 years old. He is a tall and well-built man with short black hair and
grey eyes. He works at a big plant as an engineer. He likes his work and spends most of his time there. By
character my father is a quiet man, while my mother is energetic and talkative. Her name is Olga Petrovna. She
is a teacher of music and plays the piano well. My mother always has a lot of work to do about the house and at
school. She is a busy woman and we all help her.
My sister Ann and I are twins. Like the mother Ann has blue eyes and beautiful fair hair. She is a very
good-looking girl. We went to school together. But our inclinations differ. I want to be a philologist. I would
like to be either an interpreter or a university teacher. But Ann's ambition is to become a dentist. I know it's a
pretty hard job, but a rewarding one nowadays. She is a first-year student at the Odessa Medical University. My
brother, whose name is Michael, is nine years my senior. He is already twenty-six. He works as a lawyer for a
business firm. He is married and has a family of his own. They are three in the family. He has a wife and a
daughter. The daughter is a lovely little girl with golden hair and dark-blue eyes. The girl's name is Helen. She
is only 12 months old. Her mother doesn't work, because she studies at the same university as I do. She takes
economics as her major.
Our family is very united. We like to spend time together. In the evenings we watch TV, read books and
newspapers, listen to music or just talk about the events of the day. Our parents don't always agree with what
we say but they listen to our opinion.
All of us like to spend our weekends in the country. We often go to the village where our grandparents
live. They are aged pensioners now but they prefer to live in the country. My great-grandmother is still alive.
She lives in my grandmother's family and is always glad to see us. Her health is poor and she asks us to come
and see her more often.
I also have many other relatives: uncles, aunts and cousins. We are happy when we are together.
II. Write, read and tell about your own family.
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THE FUN OF FAMILY LIFE
Marriage is a thing which only a rare person in his or her life avoids. True bachelors and spinsters make
up only a small per cent of the population; most single people are "alone but not lonely".
Millions of others get married because of the fun of family life. And it is fun, if one takes it with a sense
of humour.
There's a lot of fun in falling in love with someone and chasing the prospective fiancée, which means
dating and going out with the candidate. All the relatives (parents, grandparents and great-grandparents,
brothers and sisters, cousins, aunts and uncles, nieces and nephews, stepmothers and stepfathers and all in-
laws) meanwhile have the fun of criticizing your choice and giving advice. The trick here is not to listen to
them but propose to your bride-to-be and somehow get her to accept your proposal. Then you may arrange the
engagement and fix the day of the wedding.
What fun it is to get all those things, whose names start with the word "wedding" – dress, rings, cars,
flowers, cakes, etc! It's great fun to pay for them.
It's fun for the bride and the groom to escape from the guests and go on a honeymoon trip, especially if it
is a wedding present from the parents. The guests remain with the fun of gossiping whether you married for
love or for money.
It's fun to return back home with the idea that the person you are married to is somewhat different from
the one you knew. But there is no time to think about it because you are newly-weds and expect a baby.
There is no better fun for a husband than taking his wife to a maternity home alone and bringing her back
with the twins or triplets.
And this is where the greatest fun starts: washing the new-born's nappies and passing away sleepless
nights, earning money to keep the family, taking children to kindergarten and later to school. By all means it's
fun to attend parents meetings and to learn that your children take after you and don't do well at school.
The bigger your children grow, the more they resemble you outwardly and the less they display likeness
with you inwardly. And you start grumbling at them and discussing with your old friends the problem of the
"generation gap". What fun!
And when at last you and your grey-haired spouse start thinking that your family life has calmed down,
you haven't divorced but preserved your union, the climax of your fun bursts out!
One of your dearest offsprings brings a long-legged blonde to your house and says that he wants to
marry. And you think: 'Why do people ever get married?'
II. Are these statements true or false? Find the sentences in the text to prove your point of view.
1. There are a lot of true bachelors and spinsters in the world.
2. Your relatives are eager to help you in choosing your future spouse.
3. The guests at the wedding try to guess whether you married for love or for money.
4. At parents meetings you find out that your children take after you and do well at school.
5. The bigger your children grow, the more they display likeness with you inwardly.
6. When you start thinking that your family life has calmed down, one of your cousins brings a long-
legged blonde to your house and says that he wants to marry.
63
EXERCISES
1) toddler
2) twins
3) bachelor
4) stepsister
5) great-uncle
6) single
2. Read the short text and then complete the sentences below:
This is James Thomas Brown; he has no brothers and sisters. His parents died when he was 20
and they left him their house. He married Julia and they had two children, but unfortunately his
wife died two years ago. Recently he has fallen in love with Amy who he has known since they
were young.
1. He has no brothers and sisters so he is an ……………….. child.
2. At the age of 20, James ……………….. his parents' house.
3. His wife, Julia, died so he is a ……………….. .
4. The two children and he form a ……………….. family.
5. Amy is his present ……………….. .
6. If James marries Amy, she will become the children's ……………….. mother.
3. Look at the family tree and complete the sentences below:

Albert + Mary Dodds
John + Susan Jill + Paul Barry + Sheila

(died in 2000)
Eve Ana Timothy Tom
1. John is Jill’s ……………………… .

2. Timothy is Jill’s ………………………… .
3. Eve and Ana are Timothy’s ………………………… .
4. Eve is Sheila’s ………………………… .
5. Albert Dodds is Tom’s ………………………… .
6. Barry is Eve’s ………………………… .
7. Susan is Timothy’s ………………………… .
8. As Paul died in 2000, Jill is a ………………………… .
9. Tom is Mary’s ………………………… .
10. The only two people who are not related are …………………… and ………………… .
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4. Choose the most suitable word to complete the sentences below:
blood triplets ancestors great foster
in-laws side stepfather guardian on
second distant adopted by parent
1. Mrs Jones had ……………….. .
2. There's a history of twins in our family – ……………….. my father's ……………….. .
3. Not many of my own ……………….. relatives are still alive.
4. All the members of our football team are related ……………….. marriage.
5. When Mother remarried, her second husband, my ……………….., gave me a new bicycle.
6. My ……………….. originated from a tribe of Red Indians.
7. Peter is an orphan; he was ……………….. at the age of two.
8. Paul comes from a broken home; he has lived with a number of ……………….. parents.
9. Mary was from a single-……………….. family; now she's looked after by her ……………….. .
10. I'm off to have Sunday lunch with my ……………….. now.
11. I was left ₤50 and a cat by a ……………….. relative; I believe it was a ………………..
cousin – or perhaps it was a ………………..-aunt.
5. Match the following phrases with their equivalents:

1) a sibling a) a woman who is married to your father but who is not your mother;
2) a nuclear family b) the child of your uncle or aunt;
3) a stepbrother c) a sister through one parent only;
4) a grass widow d) the mother of your wife or husband;
5) a mother-in-law e) a family group that consists not only of parents and children but also
of grandparents, aunts, uncles etc.
6) an extended family f) a woman whose husband is away for a period of time;
7) a half-sister g) one's stepparent's son by a former marriage;
8) a stepmother h) (formal) a brother or sister;
9) a cousin i) a family unit that consists only of a husband, wife and children.
6. Complete the definitions with a suitable word:

1. My brother's wife is my ……………….. .
2. My wife's mother is my ……………….. .
3. My parents' parents are my ……………….. .
4. My father's first wife, who is still alive, is his ……………….. .
5. My oldest brother died, so his wife is a ……………….. .
6. All of these people are members of my family, so they are my ……………….. .
65
*7. Try this little brain-teaser. Each of the fourteen people below is married to one of the others.
From the information you are given, find out who is married to whom. Note there are three
generations here:
Alan is Caroline's nephew and Larry's cousin.
Barbara is Larry's mother and Maggie's sister-in-law.
Caroline is Edward's daughter and Maggie's sister-in-law.
David is Gordon’s brother-in-law and Alan's uncle.
Edward is Ingrid’s grandfather and Maggie's father-in-law.
Fanny is Caroline's mother and Alan's grandmother.
Gordon is Helen's son-in-law and Nigel's brother-in-law.
Helen is Barbara's mother-in-law and Larry's grandmother.
Ingrid is Gordon's niece and David's daughter-in-law.
John is David's father and Gordon's father-in-law.
Karen is Gordon's daughter-in-law and Maggie's daughter-in-law.
Larry is John's grandson and David's son.
Maggie is Larry's aunt and Fanny's daughter-in-law.
Nigel is Ingrid's father and Fanny's son-in-law.
8. Draw and be ready to describe your own family tree.
*9a) Fill in the appropriate words from the list below and translate the following text into Russian.
stand interest care approach adore insist
approve back opponents keen preferable concerned
believers have convinced impression taste see
suspicious favour share attitude fond
Fifties people wore pointed shoes. Sixties people wore flowers in their hair. Seventies people dyed
their hair pink. So what about the Eighties? Is this a fair picture of an Eighties couple or not? If
not, why not?
A 1980s Couple
They are passionate …………………. in vegetarianism and regard people who eat meat as
worse than criminals. (In their view, egg-eaters are really no better, as eggs are baby chickens.)
I suspect, though, that part of them is sometimes dying for a nice big juicy steak.
They are …………………. of all frozen food, despise any product that contains additives,
wholly disapprove of white bread, and reckon that consumers of 'poisonous' white sugar will
nearly all die young.
I hope they're wrong.
They view things like whaling and seal-hunting with disgust, and find vivisection
extremely distasteful. They are fierce …………………. of fox-hunting and are also opposed to
women accepting presents of fur-coats.
I dread to think what their views would be on those cosmetic firms which try out their
products on poor, defenceless little rabbits. For them, zoos are degrading; they refuse to accept
that they serve any useful purpose whatsoever. On the other hand, they welcome the growth of
wild-life parks and reserves.
66
I can't make up my mind where I stand on this. They know their own minds, as usual.
They feel strongly that most doctors are little better than drug-pushers, and are ………………….
that acupuncture is the medicine of the future.
I suppose they might …………………. a point there.
They recommend natural childbirth for all mothers-to-be and reject the need for such things as
induction (стимуляция родов), drips (капельницы) and painkillers, except in special circumstances.
I expect one or two of you mothers would disagree.
They are in …………………. of abortion being freely available, and I guess you don't need me to
tell you their feelings on women's equality. They are against corporal punishment of any kind – I would
imagine their …………………. towards capital punishment is fairly predictable – and are pro voluntary
euthanasia. They take a keen …………………. in the fortunes of the Third World, and doubt whether any
of the Western powers really …………………. .
They are supporters of conservation in its broadest sense, …………………. all tree-planting
projects, and strongly …………………. of recycling waste paper and other rubbish.
I presume most people would …………………. that particular viewpoint. They would like to see
solar energy taken more seriously and are fiercely anti-nuclear power.
My own feeling is that solar energy in Britain is rather a contradiction in terms. They are under the
…………………. that all politicians are either gangsters or fools.
I must admit, I'm afraid I'm tempted to agree.
They advocate prisons without bars and are of the opinion that 99% of serious criminals are in
need of psychiatric help.
To my mind, pleas of insanity have become suspiciously common. They are prepared to accept
that UFOs probably do exist, and they have no time for people who dismiss reincarnation out of hand.
It all seems a bit improbable to me.
They …………………. punk clothes, but can't …………………. the people. They rate Lennon
above McCartney and are great fans of Stevie Wonder.
I've never understood their …………………. in clothes or trusted their judgement when it comes
to music.
As far as they are …………………., tobacco is an unspeakable evil, but they support the
movement for the legalisation of soft drugs. They are also for restrictions regarding the sale of alcohol.
Me? I don't mind much about the drugs thing, but I'm quite …………………. of my old pipe and
rather …………………. on my brandy after dinner.
They consider that marriage should be a loose arrangement that ensures security for children, but
maintain – …………………. even – that one balanced parent is …………………. to two who are always
at each other's throats.
They're the sort of people who believe in the freedom of all people at all times, and think anyone
with a different point of view must be crazy.
I wouldn't have thought that was a very liberal …………………., but never mind. If you ask me,
nobody's totally open-minded.
Oh yes, and they jog.
OK, so you may …………………. eye to eye with them on some of those issues, but you should
try being related to one of them, that's all!
b) Retell the text and express your attitude to the issues mentioned in this text.
c) Write an Essay "A Couple of the 21st century" expressing your attitude to their beliefs. What has changed
since 1980s?
67
LISTENING 1. MEETING THE PARENTS
1.1. Match the following words with their equivalents:
1) stand up to a) a part of a sound system that records and/or plays sounds on a disc or tape;
2) go off b) thoroughly upset, tired out or exhausted;
3) music decks c) relax;
4) be shattered d) confront or resist courageously;
5) chill out e) cease to like.
1.2. Work in groups. Which of the following points do you think parents would consider important / not
important in their son or daughter's future partner? Do you think the same points would be important
for the son or daughter?
They should ...
have good table manners. have good academic qualifications.
be clean and smartly dressed. like children.
be from a good family background. have a good job / good job prospects.
be kind. be from the same social class.
be good-looking. have the same religion as the son/daughter.
be a non-smoker. be wealthy / have wealthy parents.
be about the same age as the son/daughter. be the same nationality as the son/daughter.

2.1. Listen to an interview with Sarah's parents about how they feel about meeting their daughter's
boyfriend, Andy, for the first time. Decide whether the following are true or false.
a) Sarah has had a lot of boyfriends.
b) Her parents have met all of them.
c) They don't think most of Sarah's boyfriends are good enough for her.
d) Sarah ended a relationship with a man called Jeremy when she found out her parents didn't like him.
e) Sarah's parents think that Andy is a serious boyfriend.
Sarah's parents
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2.2. Choose the correct form to complete these sentences from the conversation in ex. 2.1. Then listen
again and check your answers.
a) We're looking forward to meet / to meeting Andy at last.
b) It's difficult to know / knowing with Sarah really – she changes boyfriends like other people
change their socks.
c) I think it's essential for him to come / coming from the same kind of background.
d) It's very important for him to have / having some kind of qualifications.
e) He needs to be / being a strong character to stand up to Sarah.
f) She'd soon go off somebody who lets her do / doing what she wants all the time.
g) The poor chap is unlikely to last / lasting very long.
2.3. Listen to the interviewer asking Andy how he feels about meeting Sarah's parents. Decide whether
the following are true or false.
a) Andy thinks Sarah's parents may disapprove of him.
b) He works as a DJ.
c) He's going to wear a suit.
d) He's going to take Sarah's mum some chocolates.
e) It was Andy's idea to meet Sarah's parents.
2.4. Complete these sentences from the conversation in ex. 2.3 with the appropriate verb patterns.
Then listen again and check your answers.
a) How do you feel about __________ (meet) Sarah's parents?
b) I'm worried about __________ (make) a bad impression.
c) It's easy for me __________ (hide) behind my music decks at work.
d) I'm not very good at __________ (make) conversation.
e) Well, I gave up __________ (study) to become a DJ.
f) How are you going to try __________ (make) a good impression?
g) Because Sarah fancies __________ (go) to London for the day, and she feels like __________
(have) Sunday lunch at home.
III. AUDITORY MEMORY CHECK

3.1. All the verbs in the box come from the conversations in ex.2.1 and 2.3 in the previous section. Use
these verbs to replace the verbs underlined in the sentences below. You may have to change the form of
the verbs.
give up go out with get on with go for stand up to go off
I find it easy to be friends with people of all ages and from all walks of life.
When I'm depressed, I tend to lose interest in my food.
I've never dated anybody who's got red hair.
One of my colleagues is a bit of a bully, but I usually manage to defend myself against her.
I used to have piano lessons, but I got bored with them and stopped.
I tend to be attracted to brunettes rather than blondes.
Are any of the statements true for you? Discuss with a partner.
69
PART 2
I. LISTENING AND COMPREHENSION TASKS
1.1. Read the two conversations: the first between Sarah and Andy; the second between Sarah's
parents and Sarah and Andy. Choose from the alternatives to complete the conversations in the most
appropriate way. The first one has been done for you.
1. a) The door's open b) Do come in
2. a) thank you - that's very kind of you b) cheers - that's great
3. a) How's it going b) How are you
4. a) totally shattered b) absolutely exhausted
5. a) What’ve you been up to b) What's the matter
6. a) relax b) chill out
7. a) Do you want b) Would you prefer
8. a) I don't mind b) Whatever
9. a) no idea b) I'm afraid I don't know
10. a) rather old b) on its last legs
Sarah arrives at Andy's flat and knocks at the door. Sarah and Andyarrive at Sarah's parents' house.
Sarah: Hello! Mum: Hello. Welcome. (1) (b) .
Andy: Hiya. (l) (a) ! Sarah: Mum, Dad, this is Andy.
Sarah: Here, I remembered to bring you that CD. Mum and Dad: Nice to meet you.
Andy: Oh, (2) ____ . Andy: Nice to meet you. These are for you
Sarah: (3) ____ ? – Sarah says they're your favourites.
Mum: Oh (2) ____ . And (3) ____ , darling?
Andy: All right. I'm (4) ____ . Sarah: I'm (4) ____ , actually.
Sarah: Why? (5) ____ ? Mum: Oh dear. (5) ____ ? Have you been
Andy: Nothing – it's just that I didn't finish work working too hard?
until five o'clock this morning. Sarah: Oh no, nothing like that – it's just a
Sarah: Oh right. Well, you'd better just (6) ____ long drive, isn't it?
this evening. (7) ____ to watch telly, or Mum: Yes, of course. You must sit down and
shall I go and get a video? (6) ____ , both of you. (7) ____
Andy: (8) ____ . coffee or tea, Andy?
Sarah: Do you know what's on telly tonight? Andy: (8) ____ .Whatever's easiest.
Andy: Oh, (9) ____ . Rubbish as usual, I should Dad: How many miles is it exactly?
Andy: Oh, (9) ____ .The journey's taken us
think. five and a half hours, but my car is (10) ____.
Sarah: Oh dear; you're in a bad mood. You're not Dad: Oh yes, I always take the A420, followed by
nervous about meeting my parents, are you? the A34, except during the summer when I
Andy: No - why should I be? But I am a bit tend to avoid motorways and go through
worried about the long drive – my car's Winchester on the backroads.
(10) ____ . Mum: Well, we're not going to talk about roads all
Sarah: Oh well, let's worry about that tomorrow. day, are we? Now Andy, what exactly do you
Come on - make me a nice cup of tea. do? Sarah tells us you're in the music industry...
1.2. Listen to each conversation and check your answers to ex. 1.1. How long do you think Sarah and
Andy will continue going out together?
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LISTENING 2. MARRIAGE GUIDANCE COUNCIL
1) counsellor a) воодушевлять
2) inconsiderate b) ссориться
3) persuade c) суетиться
4) have rows, quarrel d) советник, адвокат
5) argue e) невнимательный (к другим)
6) force smb (to do smth.) f) выносить решение, приговор
7) embarrass g) негодовать, возмущаться, не нравиться
8) run around h) запрещать
9) resent i) смущать, беспокоить
10) encourage j) убеждать, уговаривать
11) forbid k) спорить
12) pass judgements l) заставлять

2.1. Listen to the tape and choose the right alternative to make a true statement.
1. During the last couple of years Malcolm and Barbara haven't/have been very happy.
2. This is their second/third visit to the Council.
3. Barbara/Malcolm persuaded her husband/his wife to come to the Marriage Guidance Council.
4. When the children, Gary and Andrea, started school Barbara didn't want/wanted to go back to
work.
5. Barbara and Malcolm share/don't share the housework.
6. Malcolm supposes they don't need/need to talk to somebody about their problems.
2.2. While listening to the tape again fill in the blanks with the appropriate pronouns.
1. ….. is so inconsiderate.
2. I would prefer ….. to stay at home.
3. I encouraged ….. to go back to work.
4. ….. never does anything in the house.
5. ….. needs an interest.
6. I try to help ….. .
7. I earn as much money as ….. does.
8. ….. invites three of ….. friends to come around for a drink.
9. ….. doesn't think it's enough.
10. I always have to remind ….. to pick up ….. clothes.
11. I always help ….. to wash up.
12. ….. never allows me to suggest anything about the house or about the kids.
13. …..'s got ….. own opinions and that's it.
14. ….. always complains about collecting them from school.
15. ….. expects me to run around and get ….. tea.
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2.3. Now look again at Barbara's and Malcolm's complaints and remarks. Can you mark each sentence
2.3. Now look again at Barbara's and Malcolm's complaints and remarks. Can you mark each sentence
as either positive (+) or negative (–) according to the nature of the complaint and the speaker's
as either positive (+) or negative (–) according to the nature of the complaint and the speaker's
attitude.
attitude.
2.4. Agree or disagree with the following statements and explain your point of view:
2.4. Agree or disagree with the following statements and explain your point of view:
1. Barbara complains too much.
1. Barbara complains too much.
2. Malcolm should be more attentive to his wife's problems.
2. Malcolm should be more attentive to his wife's problems.
3. Their arguments do not sound serious enough to divorce.
3. Their arguments do not sound serious enough to divorce.
4. They are both too tired.
4. They are both too tired.
III. LANGUAGE FOCUS

III. LANGUAGE FOCUS
3.1. In the sentences below fill in the missing verbs choosing them from the list. Some verbs can be
3.1. In the sentences below fill in the missing verbs choosing them from the list. Some verbs can be
used more than once.
used more than once.
pick up remind help collected expect
pick
go up remind
got help
get collected
tell expect
persuaded
go
does got
resent get
listen tell
forced persuaded
give
does
want resent
do listen forced give
want do
1. He didn't ………..…. to come here, so well ... I …………… him to come.
1. He didn't ………..…. to come here, so well ... I …………… him to come.
2. I wanted to ………..…. back to work. So I ………..…. a job.
2. I wanted to ………..…. back to work. So I ………..…. a job.
3. By the time I've ………..…. the kids from school, I only ………..…. home about 7.
3. By the time I've ………..…. the kids from school, I only ………..…. home about 7.
4. He didn't ………..…. me to ………..…. them and I had a long and difficult day.
4. He didn't ………..…. me to ………..…. them and I had a long and difficult day.
5. I always have to ………..…. him to ………..…. his clothes.
5. I always have to ………..…. him to ………..…. his clothes.
6. I'm not here to ………..…. an opinion, I'm here to ………..…. .
6. I'm not here to ………..…. an opinion, I'm here to ………..…. .
7. Barbara had ………..…. me to come.
7. Barbara had ………..…. me to come.
8. Barbara feels that you ... well, ………..…. her job.
8. Barbara feels that you ... well, ………..…. her job.
9. I ………..…. the kids to ………..…. their homework while she ………..…. the dinner.
9. I ………..…. the kids to ………..…. their homework while she ………..…. the dinner.
3.2. Underline the parts of the sentences that do not convey the main information but serve as linking
3.2. Underline the parts of the sentences that do not convey the main information but serve as linking
words and phrases.
words and phrases.
a. After all, I'm not his servant.
a. After all, I'm not his servant.
b. Actually I think that's part of the trouble.
b. Actually I think that's part of the trouble.
c. You see, I earn as much money as he does.
c. You see, I earn as much money as he does.
d. Well, anyway by the time I've collected Gary and Andrea from school ...
d. Well, anyway by the time I've collected Gary and Andrea from school ...

4.1. Whose side, Barbara's or Malcolm's, would you take if you were to give your opinion? Why?
4.1. Whose side, Barbara's or Malcolm's, would you take if you were to give your opinion? Why?
72
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MODULE 2. DAILY LIFE
UNIT 1. DAILY ROUTINE TOPICAL VOCABULARY
annoy smb. надоедать, досаждать, раздражать к.-л. (о будильнике, сигнализации)
apply (put on) make-up/cosmetics накладывать go out выходить в свет, бывать в обществе
косметику, краситься go round to запросто зайти (к кому-л.) в гости
arrange a party организовать вечеринку go shopping ходить в магазин
arrive at work late/on time приезжать на работу go to keep-fit classes ходить на спортивные
с опозданием/вовремя занятия
attend classes of aerobics посещать занятия have a chat непринужденно болтать,
аэробикой беседовать,
awake smb. будить have a (good night's) rest отдохнуть
awake out of a dream пробуждаться ото сна (хорошо выспаться)
awaken (wake up) просыпаться, пробуждаться have (take) a shower принимать душ
be a TV addict не отрываться от телевизора have a snack, (hasty) bite (наскоро) перекусить
be an early riser рано вставать hoover, vacuum пылесосить
be awake бодрствовать, не спать keep fit быть в форме (вести
be/feel sleepy (refreshed, tired) хотеть спать, быть здоровый образ жизни)
сонным (чувствовать себя бодрым/усталым) keep smb. busy заставлять к-л. напряжённо
be fixed at... o'clock быть назначенным на... часов трудиться
be frustrating вызывать разочарование leisure time досуг
be in/out быть дома/не быть дома lie awake all night пролежать всю ночь,
be sporty заниматься спортом не смыкая глаз
bedtime время ложиться спать lie-in позднее лежание в постели (по утрам)
call on smb. зайти к к-л, нанести короткий визит lie (stay) in bed лежать (оставаться) в постели
сatch a bus садиться на автобус lunchtime время ланча
catch up on smth. нагнать, наверстать lunch break перерыв на ланч
clock in/out отмечать время прихода на работу/ make a timetable составлять расписание
ухода с работы make the bed застилать/стелить постель
collect smb. (from school) забирать кого-либо organize one's time планировать время
(из школы) oversleep проспать
comb one's hair расчёсывать волосы plan one's week распланировать неделю
daily routine распорядок дня practise swimming/running заниматься
dо morning exercises делать зарядку плаванием/бегом
do one's hair причесываться put smb. in a good mood привести кого-либо в
do the cleaning/washing делать уборку/стирать хорошее расположение духа
do the cooking готовить receive guests принимать гостей
do the homework делать уроки relax отдыхать, расслабляться
do the housework заниматься домашн. хоз-вом set off to work отправляться на работу
dо the shopping делать покупки sit up late/have a late night/keep late hours
do the washing up, wash up мыть посуду засиживаться допоздна
fall asleep засыпать sleep like a log спать мёртвым сном
get dressed одеваться stay in не выходить, оставаться дома
get down to work приниматься за работу stay out of trouble не влезать в неприятности
(not to) get enough sleep (не) высыпаться stay up all night не спать всю ночь
get into trouble попасть в беду, иметь strip off (to) снять, раздеться (до ...)
неприятности take a nap вздремнуть, подремать
get out of bed вставать take smb. out пригласить, повести к-л куда-л
get up on time/late/early вставать вовремя/ treat удовольствие, наслаждение; угощение
поздно/рано turn in (разг.) лечь спать
go for a run делать пробежку vary (from day to day) менять, разнообразить
go off раздаться (о гудке и т.п.), сработать (день ото дня)
COLLOQUIAL PHRASES
Не who does not work neither shall he eat. Кто не работает, тот не ест.
I could get no rest. У меня не было ни минуты покоя.
I haven't slept a wink. Я глаз не сомкнул(а).
Let's call it a day. На сегодня всё.
Let's take (have) a rest from work. Давайте сделаем передышку
Не has a very tight schedule. Его день расписан по минутам.
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VOCABULARY BOOSTER
DAILY ROUTINE
I'm in the first year at the university, where I'm studying English. My elder sister, Betty, is studying history
at the same university, Betty can organise her time wisely, whereas I do not know what order I should do things
in. I find it hard to get up on time, and usually I do not get enough sleep. I have to wind two alarm-clocks to make
sure I do not oversleep.
My sister, an early riser, is awake by 7 o'clock, refreshed and full of energy. While I'm wandering round the
kitchen, fighting the urge to go back to bed, my sister manages to have a quick shower, make her bed, put on
make up, do her hair, eat a full breakfast and set off to the university. It takes me an hour and a half to get ready. I
have a hasty bite and rush out of the house. Even if I catch a bus at once I still arrive at the university 15 minutes
late, which always makes me feel guilty.
My studies keep me busy all day long. I have 14 hours of English a week. I also have lectures and seminars.
At lunchtime I meet up with my sister and we have a snack at the university café. After classes I make myself go
to the library where I spend about six hours a week reading for my seminars.
My sister and I come home tired. I always find excuses to put my homework off. Unlike me, my sister
manages to do the housework and get down to homework. I like the idea of going to bed early, but quite often I
have to sit up late, brushing up on my grammar and vocabulary, though I feel sleepy. My sister says that keeping
late hours ruins one's health. Of course, I agree.
As my sister and I do not get any time off during the week, we try to relax on the weekends. One of my
greatest pleasures is to lie in bed and read my favourite books. My sister is a sporty person. To keep herself fit,
Betty goes for a run in the park; from time to time she works out in the gym.
I hate staying in, and sometimes on Saturday night my sister takes me out to a concert or a play. Sometimes
we go to a party or to a disco. But more often I end up catching up on my studies and my sister goes out. I wonder
how I manage to spoil my leisure time.
Every Monday when I awaken I think I should start a new life. I honestly think that I must become well-
organised and correct my daily routine. I make plans to go to keep-fit classes, to do shopping with my sister, to do
the cleaning and to do a hundred other good things. But then I remember that I have to call on my school friend in
the evening, and I put off my plans till next Monday. It is always better to start a new life in a week.
II. Write, read and tell about your daily routine.
EXERCISES
1. Correct the mistakes in these sentences.
1. I live by my own.
2. I usually go to the bed about midnight.
3. Most nights I sleep very quickly.
4. In the morning I have a shower and shave me.
5. I usually have the breakfast about 7.30.
6. After breakfast I clean the teeth.
7. I arrive to work about 8.30.
8. After work I sometimes make the shopping.
74
2. Complete the sentences.
1. If I'm very tired in the evening I often have dinner and then I …………… asleep on the sofa.
2. I don't want the cats to go hungry, so I always …………… them and give them some water before I go to
work.
3. If I'm going to work at the office in the morning, I usually …………… home at about 8 am.
4. At work I have coffee around 11 am, and then I usually take a lunch …………… between 12.30 and 1.00,
but it's never more than half an hour.
5. If I go out to a disco in the evening and have a …………… night, I have to set my alarm clock before
going to bed, otherwise I never …………… in the morning.
6. I don't go out most evenings. Quite often I …………… and watch TV.
7. I usually have a …………… on Sunday mornings as I don't have to get up early and go to work.
8. I …………… cards every Monday evening with my friends, but not for money.
3. What words are being defined here?

1) to sleep too long to ………..……… .
2) a short sleep a ………..……… .
3) a small amount of food between meals a ………..……… .
4) an informal word for a conversation a ………..……… .
5) to wash the dishes to do the ………..……… .
4. a) Complete the phrases with a word from the box.
about something asleep bed the light

off the alarm shower the alarm tired
dressed of bed up to eat
1) wake …………… 7 switch ……………

2) fall …………… 8 get into ……………
3) get …………… 9 have something ………...
4) turn off …………… 10 feel ……………
5) set …………… 11 have a ……………
6) get out …………… 12 dream ……………
b) Dave works at night, printing newspapers. Complete the text about his routine with a phrase from part a.
I started working nights two months ago, and it's a big change to my routine. Sometimes I'm so tired
that I (1) ………………………. at work if there's nothing to do. I finish work at 5.30 a.m., go
home, (2) ……………………… – it's quite dirty work – and (3) ……………………… at about 7a.m. I don't
need to (4) ……………………… – it's light outside by then. I don't (5) ……………………… either, because I
usually (6) ……………………… at around 1.30 p.m. because of the noise of the school children playing
outside. Often I still (7) ……………………… because I don't sleep well and I (8) ……………………… lots
of strange things, like newspapers covering the sky and making it dark all the time! I finally (9)
……………………… at about 3 p.m: I (10) ……………………… (if I can find any clean clothes) and make a
cup of coffee. I don't usually (11) …………………… anything …………………… , I'm not hungry until later.
5. Find the best ending on the right for each verb on the left. Use each verb once only.
1) lie a) the housework
2) get up b) to bed
3) do c) my own breakfast
4) go out d) a rest
5) go e) with friends
6) have f) in bed
7) make g) and have breakfast
75
6. Fill in the blanks with prepositions or adverbs where necessary.
John Naylor, 24, is a successful businessman. Let's follow him through a typical day.
The alarm clock goes ……… ……… 7:00 a.m. John hops ……… ……… bed ……… the same time. Then
he goes ……… the kitchen and switches ……… the automatic coffee maker. He jumps ……… the shower,
shaves, opens one ……… the half-dozen boxes of freshly laundered white shirts waiting ……… the shelf,
finishes ……… dressing, and pours a cup of coffee. After that he eats a piece of whole wheat toast ……… he
flips through (листает) the Fleet Street Journal. All in all it takes him about 15 minutes to wake ……… and get
ready. His briefcase in one hand and gym bag in the other, he hops ……… the car, ready to start the day.
He clocks……… ……… exactly 7:45 a.m. He takes ……… a seat ……… front of the computer and prepares
……… hours ……… phone calls and meetings that occupy ……… his mornings.
……… noon John rushes ……… the health club where he strips ……… the grey suit and changes ……… his
T-shirt, shorts and the latest in design running shoes for tennis. In an hour he is sitting ……… the club dining
room where he has scheduled ……… lunch ……… a potential client. They discuss business ……… sparkling
water, pasta and a cup of coffee.
At 2:30 p.m. he is back ……… his office, ready ……… several more hours ……… frantic meetings and
phone calls. At 6:00 p.m. John phones out for delivery of dinner ……… keep him going through the next ………
two to three hours he'll spend ……… work.
John gets ……… home at 10:00 p.m. just ……… time to sit down ……… a bowl of frozen yoghurt and a
rerun (повторный показ кинофильма) of this season's most popular drama series before turning ………. .
7. Match the two halves of each proverb. Give their Russian equivalents.
1. An early bird catches a) Jack a dull boy.
2. Time is b) two things at once.
3. Never put off till tomorrow c) a virtue.
4. Time and tide d) a worm.
5. Better late e) money.
6. Everyday is not f) what you can do today.
7. No man can do g) wait for no man.
8. All work and no play makes h) Sunday.
9. Punctuality is i) than never.
8 a) Complete the gaps in the jazz chant with one of the following phrases. Use the Present Simple in the first verse
and the Past Simple in the second verse.
go swimming go out go to bed go for go away go round go out

On Mondays I always (1) ……………… for a drink
And have a good long chat.
On Tuesdays I often (2) ……………… a walk
Then (3) ……………… to my best friend's flat.
On Wednesdays and Thursdays I stay at home
And (4) ……………… at eight.
On Fridays I sometimes (5) ……………… for a meal
And get back really late!
I (6) ……………… for most weekends
To the beach and my house by the sea.
I (7) ……………… and shopping on Saturdays
And on Sundays I'm home by three.
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On Monday John (8) ……………… for a drink
And had a good long chat.
On Tuesday night he (9) ……………… a walk
Then (10) ……………… to his best friend's flat.
On Wednesday and Thursday he stayed at home
And (11) ……………… at eight.
On Friday night he (12) ……………… for a meal
And got back really late.
He (13) ……………… for the whole weekend
To the beach and his house by the sea.
He (14) ……………… late on Saturday
And was dead by half past three!
b) Listen to the jazz chant and try to say it with the cassette.
9. Find all the synonyms and antonyms in the list of vocabulary (p.73).
10 a) Complete the text using appropriate linkers from the box. You can use each linker only once.
A DAY IN MY VERY WEALTHY LIFE
as soon as while by the time then when as during until after just as
The first thing I did (1) .................... I woke up in my favourite

house this morning was to admire the fabulous view from my
bedroom window. A (2) .................... I did an hour's exercise with
my personal fitness trainer(3) .................... my housekeeper prepared
my breakfast. B (4) .................... a luxurious bath, I spent some time
with my secretary and told her to send cheques to all the charities I
support. C (5) .................... I was leaving the house, a special
delivery arrived. It was a present from my secret admirer. D
I didn't get to the airport (6) .................... midday, so I instructed
the pilot to use our fastest plane and take me to my favourite city. E
(7) .................... the flight, I had a light lunch and looked at
photographs of my last holiday. F (8) .................... we landed, I
contacted a dear friend of mine who has just finished her latest film
and arranged to meet her for dinner later. G I spent the rest of the
afternoon doing what I love doing most. H
(9) .................... I met my friend at the restaurant, I was starving, so I ordered all my favourite things on the
menu. I (10) .................... we were leaving the restaurant, I spotted somebody I'd always wanted to meet. J It
was the perfect end to a perfect day.
*b) Work with a partner. Take it in turns to read out the text in 10a) and add the following details using your
own ideas.
A. Describe the view. F. Describe your last holiday.
B. What did you have for breakfast? G. Who is the friend?
C. Which charities? H. How did you spend the afternoon?
D. What was the present? I. What did you order?
E. Which city? J. Who was it and what happened?
c) Write an account entitled A perfect day. Use all the linkers from the box in 10a).
77
LISTENING
1. Listen to the song and complete the gaps.
THE DAY BEFORE YOU CAME
Must have _______________________________, because _______________________.
My ___________, I'm certain, __________________________ just when it was due.
I must have ______________________________________ going __________________.
And having gotten ___________ the editorial, no doubt ________________ frowned.
I must have _____________________ around a ____________ after nine
With ________________________, and heaps of _________________________________.
I must have __________________ at half _________ twelve or so.
The ___________________, the usual bunch.
______________ on top of this I'm _________________ it must have rained
The day ______________________.
2. Put the words in correct order in each line. The first word is written in bold type.
cigarette at have my past lit must seventh two I half
blue time And noticed was the I never even at I
dragging have day must on I of through kept the the business
Without me of I really hid part knowing away anything, a
must five no have exception I there's left, to the At rule
school routine, of A I done I've it finished since matter ever
home The again train back
have paper Undoubtedly evening read the then must I
usual yes, I'm life within sure well frame it's my was Oh
came before The you day
3. Fill in the gaps with the following verbs in appropriate forms.

have need buy open stop think yawn hear live watch go read see turn like
Must have ……………… my front door at eight o'clock or so
And ……………… along the way to ……………… some Chinese food to go.
I'm sure I ……………… my dinner ……………… something on TV.
There's not, I ………………, a single episode of Dallas that I didn't ……………… .
I must have ……………… to bed around a quarter after ten.
I ……………… a lot of sleep, and so I ……………… to be in bed by then.
I must have ……………… a while
The latest one by Marilyn French or something in that style.
It's funny, but I had no sense of ……………… without aim
The day before you came.
And ……………… out the light
I must have ……………… and cuddled up for yet another night.
And rattling on the roof I must have ……………… the sound of rain
The day before you came.
Listen again and check.
78
UNIT 2. FOOD TOPICAL VOCABULARY 1
BASIC FOODSTUFFS (ОСНОВНЫЕ ПРОДУКТЫ ПИТАНИЯ)
General (rare/underdone/overdone/well-done) beefsteak
feed кормить (с кровью/недожаренный/пережаренный/
fast food еда, кот. можно перехватить на скорую руку хорошо прожаренный) бифштекс
fresh food свежие продукты chop/cutlet отбивная/рубленая котлета
frozen food замороженные продукты cold boiled pork буженина
cooked food готовые к употреблению продукты fat, lard сало
plain food простая пища fillet филе, (о рыбе, мясе)
spicy food острые, приправлен. специями продукты mince мясной фарш
canned food консервированные продукты (smoked) ham (копчёный) окорок, ветчина
junk food неполноценная (нездоровая) пища (shish) kebab шашлык
takeaway food блюда, отпускаемые на вынос mutton (lamb) (ягнёнок, молодая) баранина
uncooked food полуфабрикаты pork свинина
nosh (разг.) еда, перекус, еда на скорую руку roast beef ростбиф
go on (keep, stick to) a diet сесть на диету salami/sausage колбаса копчёная/варёная, сосиска
(придерживаться диеты) veal (calf) телятина (телёнок)
(mal)nutrition (недоедание, плохое) питание, пища Fowl (Poultry and Game) (Домашняя птица и дичь)
cuisine кухня, кулинарное искусство chicken цыпленок, курица
Mealy Foods (Мучное) duck утка
(home-made/oatmeal) biscuits (домашнее/овсяное) goose гусь
печенье hazel grouse рябчик
(brown/new/rye/stale/white) bread (чёрный/ partridge куропатка
свежий/ржаной/чёрствый/белый) хлеб pheasant фазан
bread and butter хлеб с маслом, бутерброд rabbit кролик
bread crumbs хлебные крошки turkey индейка
bun (roll) сдобная булочка Fish and Sea-food (Рыба и морепродукты)
(rich/unleavened) dough (сдобное/пресное) тесто bream лещ
cake торт, пирог, пирожное carp карп
cheesecake сырник, ватрушка (black/red) caviar(e) (чёрная/красная) икра
doughnut пышка, пончик clam морской моллюск
dumpling клецка, вареник cod liver печень трески
flour мука crab краб
loaf (pl. loaves) of bread батон (буханка) хлеба crayfish (Brit.), crawfish (Am.) (речной) рак
muffin горячая булочка, оладья eel угорь
pancake блин fish cake рыбная котлета
pasta макаронные изделия hake хек
pastry выпечка, сдобное тесто (dressed) herring селёдка (под шубой)
pie пирог, пирожок jellied/smoked fish заливная/копчёная рыба
puff слойка, слоёный пирожок lobster омар
ravioli равиоли (род пельменей) mackerel макрель, скумбрия
ring roll бублик mussel мидия
rusk сухарь perch окунь
scone ячмен. или пшеничн. лепёшка, булочка pike щука
shortbread, shortcake песочное пирожное, корж pike-perch, zander судак
slice of bread тонкий кусок хлеба plaice камбала
sponge cake бисквит salmon лосось, сёмга (амер. горбуша)
toast подрумяненный хлеб, гренок sardine сардина
vermicelli (macaroni/spaghetti) вермишель (макароны/ shellfish моллюск, ракообразное
спагетти) silver carp толстолобик
waffle вафля sprat килька, салака
Cereals (Злаки) squid кальмар
barley ячмень stuffed fish фаршированная рыба
(boiled) buckwheat гречневая крупа (каша) sturgeon осётр
corn зерно, (амер.) кукуруза trout форель
cereal (cornflakes) сухой завтрак (хлопья) turbot (halibut) палтус
grain зерно, хлебные злаки, крупа oyster устрица
maize кукуруза, маис shrimp (prawn) креветка
millet (porridge) просо, пшено (пшенная каша) Dairy Products (Молочные продукты)
oatmeal (амер.) овсян. каша, овсян. хлопья, геркулес new (sour) milk парное молоко (простокваша)
oats овёс yoghurt/kefir йогурт/кефир
pearl barley перловая крупа (whipped) cream (взбитые) сливки
porridge овсяная каша sour cream сметана
(boiled) rice рис(овая каша) butter (сливочное) масло
(cooked) semolina манная крупа, каша (манн. каша) margarine маргарин
wheat пшеница (processed/strong) cheese (плавленный/острый) сыр
Meat cottage (cream) cheese творог (сырковая масса)
(fat/lean) bacon (жирн./постн.) бекон, копчён. грудинка brined cheese брынза (рассольный сыр)
(raw) beef (сырая) говядина fried/scrambled eggs яичница глазунья/болтунья
79
hard-(soft) boiled egg яйцо вкрутую (всмятку) tangerine мандарин
medium-timed egg яйцо в мешочек melon дыня
omelette омлет strawberry земляника, клубника
white (yolk) of an egg яичный белок (желток) raspberry малина
Vegetables (black, red, white) currant (чёрная, красная,
asparagus спаржа белая) смородина
beet свекла seeds семечки
black (sweet) pepper чёрный (сладкий) перец stone косточка
broccoli брокколи walnut грецкий орех
Brussels sprouts брюссельская капуста watermelon арбуз
carrot морковь Spices
cauliflower цветная капуста cinnamon корица
celery сельдерей dress (v) заправлять (салат)
courgette молодой кабачок; цуккини ginger имбирь
cucumber огурец herbs зелень; пряные, ароматическ. или кухон.травы
dill (fennel) (фенхель, сладкий) укроп horse radish хрен
egg plant (aubergine) баклажан ketchup кетчуп
(fried/jacket) potato (жареный/в мундире) картофель mustard горчица
clove of garlic головка чеснока oil растительное масло
green cabbage белая капуста pepper перец (приправа)
green peas зелёный горох pinch of salt/soda щепотка соли/соды
head of cabbage кочан капусты powdered sugar сахарная пудра
kohlrabi кольраби lump of sugar кусочек сахара
leek лук-порей sunflower oil подсолнечное масло
lettuce салат-латук vanilla ваниль
marrow (squash) кабачок vinegar уксус
mashed potato(es) картофельное пюре yeast (leaven ) дрожжи
mushroom гриб Beverages (Напитки)
onion лук репчатый aperitif (appetitive) аперитив, рюмочка перед едой;
parsley петрушка глоток спиртного для аппетита
pickled cucumbers (pickles) солёные или dark/light beer, ale, lager/ (тёмное/светлое/
маринованные огурцы bitter/stout горькое/крепкий портер, чёрное) пиво
pumpkin тыква mug of beer кружка пива
radish редис cream tea чай со сливками
red cabbage красная капуста take sugar (milk) in (tea/coffee) пить (чай/кофе)
sauerkraut квашеная капуста с сахаром (молоком)
spinach шпинат brandy (cognac) бренди (коньяк)
tomato помидор champagne шампанское
turnip репа cherry brandy вишнёвая наливка
white radish редька cocoa какао
Fruits, Berries and Nuts (black/ground/instant/(чёрный/молотый/растворимый/
almond миндаль strong/white/ крепкий/ с молоком/
apple яблоко grind (v)/make (v)) coffee молоть/варить) кофе
apricot абрикос cocktail коктейль
banana банан (soft, non-alcoholic/strong, (безалкогольные/крепкие)
blackberry ежевика alcoholic) drinks напитки
blueberry черника spirits спиртное, алкоголь
cherry вишня, черешня (fruit) juice фруктовый сок
cranberry клюква lemonade лимонад
gooseberry крыжовник liqueur ликер
grapes виноград (mineral/fizzy, carbonated, (минеральная/
hazelnut лесной орех (фундук) sparkling/still/spring) water газированная/без газа/
lemon лимон родниковая) вода
lime круглый мягкий лимон whisky виски
nutmeg мускатный орех (dry/sweet/table/light/ (сухое/сладкое/столовое/
olives маслины sparkling) wine лёгкое (некрепкое)/игристое) вино
orange (peel) апельсин(овая кожура) Sweets
papriсa перец (сладкий) bar of (milk/nut/plain, dark) chocolate плитка
peach персик (молочного/с орехами/чёрного) шоколада
peanut земляной орех, арахис box of chocolates коробка шоколадных конфет
pear груша honey мёд
pine-apple ананас ice-cream мороженое
plum слива jar of jam банка варенья
pomegranate гранат marmalade повидло (из цитрусовых)
рrunе чернослив (solid) pudding (сытный, тяжёлый) пудинг;
raisin(s) изюм запеканка, десерт
sultana изюм без косточек
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FOOD FACTS
There is plenty of evidence that people who eat too many burgers can become ill, whether or not that's
because of something in the food itself which could be addictive in some way or whether it's just simple
overeating. Well, I think there's no clear answer to that, yet.
Although it's true to say that humans can't actually survive without any salt, we actually need very little of it.
About six grams a day, which is about a teaspoonful, is actually more than enough, and indeed too much salt can
be extremely bad for you.
There's an old saying that an apple a day keeps the doctor away, which may or may not be true, but in fact
you're more likely to have problems with the dentist. Many modern apples contain a great deal of sugar; in some
cases as much as four teaspoons in one apple. So if you eat a lot of apples, it's a good idea to clean your teeth
afterwards.
There are actually over 10,000 types of mushrooms, and most of them, the great majority, in fact, are
completely harmless but there are some varieties of mushrooms which are poisonous, and a few which can
actually kill you. There are a number of deaths through eating poisonous mushrooms every year, so it's best to be
careful.
II. Match the following words and phrases with their Russian equivalents.
1) to tenderise a) ярмарка
2) patty b) остатки материальной культуры древнего человека
3) fair c) схватить
4) sticky d) начиная с того дня
5) sheer e) включать (в состав чего-л.)
6) to impale f) (защитные) очки для плавания
7) spoke g) окаменелый
8) to grip h) предосторожность; мера предосторожности
9) ingenuity i) указ, закон
10) from that day onwards j) смягчать, отбивать (мясо)
11) to incorporate k) королевство, государство
12) petrified l) липкий, трудный
13) artefacts m)выпускать, выделять (например, газ)
14) swimming goggles n) протыкать, накалывать
15) edict o) пирожок
16) precaution p) рукоять корабельного рулевого колеса
17) spruce q) внутренняя часть
18) to infuse r) относить, гнать (ветром, течением)
19) nomadic s) напиток (сваренный и настоянный)
20) realm t) кочевой
21) brew u) изобретательность, находчивость
22) interior v) настаивать (чай, травы)
23) to release x) ель
24) to drift y) абсолютный, полнейший
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III. Read, translate and retell the following text:
DID YOU KNOW?
A. Why is it called a “hamburger” when there is no ham in it?
The answer is really quite simple, because they come from Hamburg, in Germany. However, their history is more
complicated than that, and the question of who actually invented the first hamburger remains a mystery. Some say
it was a group of nomadic people called the Tartars who tenderised their beef by placing it under a horse's saddle,
flattening it into a patty. Others believe it was the German immigrants who travelled to the United States during
the 19th century, bringing with them their favourite meal called Hamburg Style Beef – a chopped, raw piece of
beef. Some argue that Americans placed the first cooked beef patty on a roll at the St Louis World Fair in 1921.
B. Why do doughnuts have holes?

This issue has been raised by dozens of bakers over the years, but most agree that the answer to this sticky
question lies in the fact that the interior of these fried cakes would not cook fully without a hole in the centre.
Another theory holds that a sea captain named Hanson Gregory, while standing on deck one stormy night, found
it impossible both to steer his vessel and eat his doughnut. Out of sheer frustration, he impaled it over one of the
spokes of the ship's wheel, thereby creating a finger hold with which to grip the cake. Quite pleased with his
ingenuity, Mr Gregory ordered the ship's cook to put holes in doughnuts from that day onwards. Whatever the
reason for the hole, the doughnut has been incorporated into the diets of people throughout the world for
centuries. In fact, archaeologists found petrified doughnuts amongst the artefacts of a primitive Indian tribe.
C. Why do onions make us cry?

It is not the strong smell that makes us cry, but the gas that the onions release when we cut them. When this gas
meets the water in our eyes, it produces sulphuric acid, which irritates our noses and eyes. One good tip,
therefore, is to use a sharp knife, as this will crush the onion less and reduce the amount of gas released. Another
good idea is to cut the root of the onion last or not at all, since this part produces the highest levels of the
offending gas. Other less logical-sounding suggestions, which many people swear by, include putting the onion
in the freezer for twenty minutes beforehand, having a bowl of water or a burning candle alongside while you
chop, or putting a piece of bread in your mouth. The less self-conscious among us even keep a pair of swimming
goggles handy for onion-chopping!
D. When was chewing gum invented?

No one can be absolutely certain who the first gum chewers were, but historians tell us that civilisations around
the world were chewing natural gum thousands of years ago. Before the invention of the electric light bulb or the
telephone, people discovered the pleasure of chewing gum. The Mayans, an Indian civilisation that inhabited
Central America during the second century, enjoyed chewing chicle, a natural gum from the sapodilla tree. The
American Indians introduced the custom of chewing gum (resin from the bark of spruce trees) to the early North
American settlers, and these New Englanders created the first commercial chewing gum by selling lumps of
spruce. Modern chewing gum appeared in 1869, when a Mexican general hired inventor Thomas Adams to
develop a new form of rubber using chicle. Adams didn't manage to develop rubber, but he did succeed in
producing the first modern chewing gum, which he called Adams New York No. 1.
E. Who discovered tea?

Ancient folklore places the creation of the brew at 2737 BC. Shen Nung, an early emperor of China, was a skilled
ruler, creative scientist and patron of the arts. His far-sighted edicts required, among other things, that all drinking
water be boiled as a hygienic precaution. One summer day while visiting a distant region of his realm, he and the
court stopped to rest. In accordance with his ruling, the servants began to boil water for the court to drink.
Blossom from a nearby camellia bush drifted into the boiling water and infused, producing a pale brown liquid.
As a scientist, the Emperor was interested in the new liquid, drank some, and found it very refreshing. And so,
according to legend, tea was created.
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EXERCISES
1. Complete these sentences with a suitable word. The first letter of the missing word is given.
1. There are four vegetables I really hate: peppers, courgettes, m………………... and a……………….. .
2. We had a delicious salad of tomato, cucumber and l……………… .
3. The dessert was fresh fruit: there was a large bowl of strawberries, peaches, c…………… and p……… .
4. I'm always ill if I eat certain shellfish like shrimps, o…………….. or m……………… .
5. I'm a vegetarian, so I don't eat beef, pork, lamb or v………. .
2. Circle the word which does not belong in each group and explain your choice.
1) cabbage spinach carrot peach
2) plum melon cauliflower pineapple
3) prawn lamb pork beef
4) mayonnaise garlic soya sauce ketchup
5) saucepan spoon mixing bowl frying pan
6) boil chop roast bake
7) tough overdone delicious burnt
8) fork corkscrew tin opener bottle opener
9) fresh frozen spicy tinned
3. Translate the following sayings into Russian.
1. The proof of the pudding is in the eating.
2. You can't eat a cake and have it.
3. The appetite comes with eating.
4. Man does not live by bread alone.
5. Too many cooks spoil the broth.
6. First catch your hare then cook him.
7. You cannot make an omelette without breaking eggs.
8. Neither fish, nor fowl.
9. Hunger is the best sauce.
10. Dog does not eat dog.
11. Tastes differ.
4. Are these sentences true or false? If they are false, correct them.
1. Lobster is a kind of fruit.
2. Salad is usually a mixture of uncooked vegetables.
3. A lamb is a baby sheep; lamb is also the name of the meat of that animal.
4. A calf is a young pig.
5. Salmon is a kind of shellfish.
6. Oil and vinegar can be used with a green salad.
7. Peas, courgettes, aubergines and cucumbers are all the same colour.
1. Его любимый завтрак обязательно включает поджаренный бекон, тосты с джемом и чай.
2. Чай англичане пьют со сливками и сахаром.
3. Англичане не пьют чай с лимоном. Такой чай они называют «русский чай».
4. Англичане предпочитают простую еду: жареную рыбу с картофелем, овощи и какое-нибудь мясное
блюдо.
5. Чем вас угостить? Попробуйте салат. – Спасибо, я уже его ел. Очень вкусно. – Разрешите тогда
предложить вам ветчины или сыра. – Спасибо, с удовольствием возьму ломтик ветчины с
горчицей.
6. Доктор советовал мне есть больше фруктов и придерживаться диеты.
7. Я так хочу пить! Сегодня очень жарко.
8. Сейчас очень многие увлекаются вегетарианской пищей. Они едят различные овощи – картошку,
морковь, свеклу, цветную капусту, горох, салат, но совсем не едят мяса.
9. Этот пудинг очень сытный, я буду есть его без сливок и без сметаны.
6. Make up a menu card for a café or a restaurant.
83
TOPICAL VOCABULARY 2 MEALS AND COOKING
Meals a la carte [ֽ ' ] порционные блюда
have a solid/nourishing meal плотно/сытно поесть table d'hôte [ֽ ' ] табльдот, общий стол
have a substantial breakfast плотно завтракать refreshment-room, buffet буфет (на вокзале, в театре)
for (at) breakfast на (за) завтрак(ом) restaurant ресторан
brunch поздний завтрак waiter (waitress) официант(-ка)
(заменяющий первый и второй завтрак) to wait at /on/ table работать официантом
(buffet) lunch (лёгкий) ланч («а-ля фуршет») order (n, v) заказ(ывать)
dinner обед, ужин vacant seat свободное место
dine out обедать вне дома book, (reserve) a table in advance заказать столик
feast, banquet пир, банкет заранее
have tea (a drink) пить чай (выпить) (take) a table for two (занять) столик на двоих
light supper лёгкий ужин Can I have … Могу я заказать …?
have a snack/bite перекусить starter (Brit.), appetizer (Am.), закуска (еда,
hungry голодный hors d'oeuvre [ֽ ' ] подаваемая перед
be thirsty испытывать жажду, хотеть пить горячими блюдами)
eat well есть с аппетитом a three-course dinner обед из трёх блюд
for the first (main) course на первое (второе)
hearty (big) eater человек, любящий поесть for dessert на десерт
drink (to smth, smb) пить (за ч-то, к-то) pay the (heavy) bill оплатить (большой) счёт
(in)edible (не)съедобное (напр. грибы) give smb a tip дать кому-л. «на чай»
(un)eatable (не)съедобное (невкусное) pass (hand over) передать
chew жевать hearty (substantial, square) meal плотная еда
swallow глотать it tastes (smells) good (пахнет) вкусно
taste food пробовать пищу sweet сладкий
(delicious/tasty/tasteless/disgusting) food (очень bitter горький
вкусная/вкусная/безвкусная/отвратительная) еда sour кислый, прокисший
help oneself to положить на тарелку salty (unsalted) (не)солёный
help yourself(-ves) угощайтесь well-(un/under)cooked хорошо приготовленный
helping порция (сырой/не пропечённый)
treat smb. to smth. угощать кого-то чем-то heavy, stodgy тяжелый, не пропечённый
serve подавать на стол savoury аппетитный, пикантный, пряный
lay (set) the table накрыть на стол bland безвкусный
spread the table cloth постелить скатерть
sit down to table сесть за стол Cooking
bake печь
Some dishes beat up отбить (мясо)
broth бульон boil potatoes in jackets сварить картофель в мундире
chips (Brit.) картофель фри, (Am.) чипсы chop нарезать, нарубить(мясо)
crisps (Brit.) чипсы cook (n, v) повар, готовить
French fries (Am.) картофель фри chef шеф-повар, главный повар, повар-мужчина
garnish, side dish гарнир drain дать стечь, процедить
gravy подливка (из сока жаркого), соус grate(r) натереть на тёрке (тёрка)
high tea ранний ужин с чаем grill, broil жарить(ся) на рашпере
meat tea плотный ужин с чаем после раннего fry жарить в масле
обеда; чай, за которым подаётся мясная закуска mince (grind (Am)) the meat делать мясной фарш
milk shake молочный коктейль mix (v, n), (mixture) смешивать, смесь
paste, pate паштет peel (potatoes, onion) чистить (картошку, лук)
preserve заготавливать впрок; варить варенье,
prawn cocktail салат из креветок
консервировать (особ. фрукты и овощи)
(cream) sauce (белый) соус recipe (кулинарный) рецепт
(thin/thick) soup (жидкий/густой) суп rind кожура, снимать кожуру
stewed fruit, compote компот roast жарить (на открытом огне или в духовке)
syrup сироп shell/whip, whisk, beat an egg почистить/взбить яйцо
Eating Out simmer варить на медленном огне
(snack) bar бар, буфет (закусочная) spread намазывать
coffee-shop кофейня sprinkle посыпать
café кафе stew тушить
stuff фарш (начинка), фаршировать (начинять)
self-service café кафе самообслуживания
pour out наливать
canteen столовая (в учреждении) spill over пролить
(on the) menu (bill of fare, menu card) (в) меню stir помешивать
wine list карта вин
84
Tableware and Cutlery
(Столовая посуда и столовые приборы)
bowl миска salt cellar солонка
bread-basket, bread-plate хлебница saucer блюдце
butter dish маслёнка sugar basin сахарница
china фарфоровая посуда (tea/coffee/dinner) set/service (чайный/кофейный/
coffee pot кофейник обеденный) сервиз
bottle/can/tin opener открывалка для бутылок/ kettle чайник (для кипячения воды)
консервный нож (ключ) teapot заварочный чайник
corkscrew штопор tray поднос
crockery (глиняная, фаянсовая) посуда (tea-/table-) spoon (чайная/столовая) ложка
cup чашка wineglass бокал для вина
cutlery ножевые изделия, столовые приборы champagne glass бокал для шампанского
dining table обеденный стол brandy glass рюмка для коньяка
dish тарелка, блюдо beer glass стакан для пива
fork вилка
jug кувшин Kitchen Utensils and Appliances
knife нож (Кухонная утварь (посуда) и электроприборы)
(soup) ladle половник bread-/chopping (Br) (cutting (Am)) board доска для
mustard pot горчичница нарезки хлеба/овощей, мяса
napkin салфетка frying pan сковородка
pepperbox перечница gas (electric) cooker (stove) газовая (электро-) плита
(dinner/deep, soup/ (мелкая, большая /глубокая/ lid крышка
dessert, cake/salad) plate десертная/салатная) тарелка oven печь, духовка
pan, saucepan, роt кастрюля
COLLOQUIAL PHRASES
These strawberries have a beautiful flavour – У этой клубники чудесный аромат.
I feel like having a snack. – Я бы чего-нибудь перекусил.
I wouldn't mind a snack. – Не мешало бы перекусить.
Let's have a light meal somewhere. – Давайте перекусим где-нибудь.
May I help you to …? – Позвольте предложить вам ... ?
May I pass you …? – Позвольте передать вам ...?
Help yourself to … . – Возьмите, пожалуйста … . / Угощайтесь.
Have some more … , please. (Have another helping, please.) – Возьмите, пожалуйста, еще … .
Quite a small piece, please. (Just a taste, please.) – Совсем маленький кусочек, пожалуйста.
I suppose I could do with some more. – Я, пожалуй, мог бы съесть ещё немного.
I am full. (I am fed up.) – Я сыт (по горло.)
I feel empty. – Я голоден.
I am faint from hunger. (I am starving.) – Я просто умираю от голода.
I have been without a bite all day. – За весь день у меня во рту маковой росинки не было.
Anything will do for me! I'm not particularly hungry. – Мне все равно, я не очень голоден.
The soup is first-class. – Суп превосходный.
The beef-steak is done to a turn. – Бифштекс поджарен как раз в меру.
I'll make a scratch dinner in a moment. – Я сейчас приготовлю обед на скорую руку.
The table groaned with food. – Стол ломился от яств.
I prefer coffee to tea. – Я предпочитаю кофе чаю.
I'm as hungry as a hunter. – Я голоден как волк.
I will miss out the first course. – Я не буду есть первое.
Come over to me and we’ll have a talk over a cup of tea. – Приходите ко мне, и мы поговорим за чашкой чая.
What do you say to a cup of tea? (Will you have a cup of tea?) – Не хотите ли вы выпить чашечку чая?
My daughter has a sweet tooth. – Моя дочка – сладкоежка (сластёна).
Cooking isn’t really my cup of tea. – Я не очень люблю готовить.
I have other fish to fry. – У меня есть другие (более важные) дела.
85
Read, translate and retell the following texts:
UKRAINIANS’ EATING HABITS AND FOOD PREFERENCES
Living in Ukraine one cannot but stick to a Ukrainian diet. Keeping this diet for an Englishman is fatal.
The Ukrainians have meals four times a day and their cuisine is quite intricate.
Every person starts his or her day with breakfast. Poor Englishmen are sentenced to either a continental or
an English breakfast. From the Ukrainian point of view, when one has it continental it actually means that one
has no breakfast at all, because it means drinking a cup of coffee and eating a bun. A month of continental
breakfasts for some Ukrainians would mean starving. The English breakfast is a bit better, as it consists of one
or two fried eggs, grilled sausages, bacon, tomatoes and mushrooms. The English have tea with milk and toast
with butter and marmalade. As a choice one may have corn flakes with milk and sugar or porridge.
In Ukraine people may have anything for breakfast. Some good-humoured individuals even prefer soup,
but, of course, sandwiches and coffee are very popular. One can easily understand that in Great Britain by one
o'clock people are very much ready for lunch. Lunch is the biggest meal of the day. That would be music for a
Ukrainian's ears until he or she learns what lunch really consists of. It may be a meat or fish course with soft
drinks followed by a sweet course.
The heart of a Ukrainian person fills with joy when the hands of the clock approach three o'clock. His or
her dinner includes three courses. A Ukrainian will have a starter (salad, herring, cheese, etc.), soup, steaks,
chops, or fish fillets with garnish, a lot of bread, of course, and something to drink. The more the better. At four
or five the Ukrainians may have a bite: waffles, cakes with juice, tea, cocoa, or something of the kind.
In Great Britain they have dinner at five or six. Soup may be served then, but one should not be misled by
the word "soup". British soup is just thin paste and a portion is three times smaller than in Ukraine. A lot of
British prefer to eat out. "Fish and Chips" shops are very popular with their take-away food. The more
sophisticated public goes to Chinese, Italian, seafood or other restaurants and experiments with shrimp, inedible
vegetables and hot drinks.
Supper in Ukraine means one more big meal at seven. The table groans with food again. In England it is
just a small snack – a glass of milk with biscuits at ten.
Most Ukrainians have never counted calories and they are deeply convinced that their food is healthy.
Some housewives may admit that it takes some time to prepare all the stuff, including pickles, home-made
preserves and traditional Ukrainian pies and pancakes. But they don't seem to mind too much and boil, fry,
roast, grill, broil, bake and make. Paraphrasing a famous proverb one can say: 'What is a Ukrainian man's meat
is a British man's poison'.
MEALS IN BRITAIN
The usual British meals are breakfast, lunch, tea, dinner and supper.
Traditional breakfast is a very big meal – sausages, bacon, eggs, tomatoes, mushrooms, etc. But
nowadays many people just have cereal with milk and sugar, or toast with marmalade, jam, or honey.
Marmalade and jam are not the same! Marmalade is made from oranges and jam is made from other fruit. The
traditional breakfast drink is tea, which people have with cold milk. Some people have coffee, often instant
coffee, which is made with just hot water. Many visitors to Britain find this coffee disgusting!
For many people lunch is a quick meal. In cities there are a lot of bars, where office workers can choose
the kind of bread they want – brown, white, or a roll – and then all sorts of salad and meat or fish to go in the
sandwich. Pubs often serve good, cheap food, both hot and cold. Schoolchildren can have a hot meal at school,
but many just take a snack from home – a sandwich, a drink, some fruit, and perhaps some crisps.
Afternoon tea means two things. It is a drink and a meal! Some people have afternoon tea with
sandwiches or cakes. Cream teas are very popular. You may also have scones (a kind of cake) with cream and jam.
The evening meal is the main meal of the day for many people. They usually have it quite early, between
6 and 8 pm, and often the whole family eats together.
On Sundays many families have a traditional lunch. They have roast meat, either beef, lamb, chicken, or
pork with potatoes and gravy. Gravy is a sauce made from the meat juices.
The British like food from other countries, too, especially Italian, French, Chinese, and Indian. People
often get takeaway meals – you buy the food at the restaurant and then bring it home to eat. Eating in Britain is
quite international.
86
AT THE RESTAURANT
In all large cities there are plenty of restaurants, cafés, cafeterias, self-service dining-rooms, etc. All the
large hotels have dining-rooms or restaurants.
You can have breakfast, dinner, lunch or supper at any restaurant. Every restaurant offers you dinners
"table d'hôte". These meals are known as regular dinners. It means that you are served with meals of several
courses, at a fixed price. "Table d'hôte" is cheaper than "table a la carte". "Table a la carte" means such meals
which are ordered course by course, from the menu card, each dish separately.
At the restaurant each little party of guests has its own table. In the evening you can see several people
dancing at the far end of the room, near the orchestra. One of the waiters is standing near the table where there
are cold dishes of various kinds. He is holding a tray with two wine-glasses on it. He has put the bottle of wine
into the ice-bucket to keep it cool.
In summer, when it is very hot, you can also order cold, refreshing beverages, such as: soda-water, juice,
lemonade or beer. In summer people also eat a lot of ice-cream.
At a restaurant you can get all kinds of meals, hot dishes as well as cold ones.
TAKE-AWAY RESTAURANTS
Take-Away restaurants are very popular. It is cheaper than eating in the restaurant and you can even
order by phone and have all the food brought to your home.
The traditional Fish and Chip Shop is still popular but there are more and more Pizzerias and Burger
Bars, too.
PUBS
The "Pub" or "Public House" is part of the British tradition. It is a place where you can meet people,
chat, listen to music, play darts and, of course, have a drink. The most common drink served is beer (called ale,
bitter, stout or lager), but you can also choose wine, cocktails, spirits or soft (non-alcoholic) drinks.
Most pubs serve food, too.
Children under 14 are not allowed into pubs but they can stay in the garden (when the weather is fine!).
Teenagers between 14 and 18 can enter but cannot drink alcohol (not even beer). The law is very strict and
Landlord (the manager of the pub) can refuse entry if he prefers.
EXERCISES
1. Give a definition for the following words or phrases:
1) brunch
2) a tip
3) cereal
4) prawn cocktail
5) overdone meat
6) a tray
7) a starter
8) a waiter
2. Match the words on the left with the examples/definitions on the right.
1) bitter a) a lot of sugar;
2) sour b) no flavour at all;
3) hot, spicy c) pleasant, slightly salty or with herbs;
4) sweet d) has a good taste/flavour;
5) bland e) e.g. fruit which is not ripe;
6) salty f) like a beautiful, ripe strawberry;
7) sugary g) sharp/unpleasant;
8) savoury h) e.g. a strong Indian curry;
9) tasty i) with a lot of salt;
10) tasteless j) rather negative, very little flavour.
87
3. Put each of the following words or phrases in its correct place in the passage.
recipe fast food eat out dish bill cookery books
menu take-away waiter snack tip ingredients
I'm a terrible cook. I've tried hard but it's no use. I've got lots of (a) ……………….. , I choose a (b)
……………….. I want to cook, I read the (c) ……………….. , I prepare all the necessary (d)
……………….. and follow the instructions. But the result is terrible, and I just have a sandwich or some
other quick (e) ……………….. . So I often (f) ……………….. . I don't like grand restaurants. It's not the
expense, it's just that I don't feel at ease in them. First the (g) ……………….. gives me a (h)
……………….. which I can't understand because it's complicated and has lots of foreign words. At the end
of the meal when I pay the (i) ……………….. I never know how much to leave as a (j) ……………….. . I
prefer (k) ……………….. places, like hamburger shops where you pay at once and sit down and eat
straightaway. And I like (l) ……………….. places, where you buy a meal in a special container and take it
home.
4. Give a word that means...

1) a dish you have after the main course, for example, ice-cream;
2) very heavy and hard to digest (begins with s);
3) cooked with heat coming from above (for example, for a sausage or burger);
4) cooked in the oven, with a little fat or oil (for example, for a whole chicken);
5) that something is not cooked enough.
5. Fill the gaps in these sentences with the correct noun, verb or adjective.
1. You will need to put the meat in the …………………. for half an hour at 200 degrees centigrade, then
reduce the temperature to 180 for the rest of the cooking time.
2. When people go out for a meal in Britain, they often have three …………………. : a ………………… ,
a …………………. , and a dessert.
3. If you are cooking steak, you need to turn up the …………………. so that your pan is really hot before
you put the meat in.
4. When I pay for my meal, I usually leave 10% for the waiter if …………………. is not included.
5. There are basically three ways of cooking steak: …………………. , medium, or …………………. .
I like my steak medium.
6. The trouble with fattening food is that it makes you …………………. weight if you’re not very careful.
7. Have you asked the waiter for the …………………. and the wine list?
8. I’m not very keen on curry: it’s too hot and …………………. for me.
9. The chicken is cooked in a white wine and cream …………………. .
10. It’s a very simple restaurant but the food is delicious and everything is ………………….-made.
6. Replace the underlined word(s) in these sentences with (an)other word(s) with the same meaning.
1. Do you always leave money for the waiter?
2. It’s a very popular restaurant, so you may need to reserve a table one or two weeks before you go there.
3. Do you want a drink before the meal?
4. Have you already paid the money for the meal?
88
7. Put one of the following words in each space in the sentences below.
to at down of for out in up
1. I asked ……. the menu.
2. I like to eat ……. .
3. He took ……. my order.
4. I prefer a simple café ……. a big restaurant.
5. I like going ……. self-service places.
6. Let's invite the Smiths ……. dinner.
7. I looked ……. the menu.
8. I'm very fond ……. Chinese food.
9. Could you help me set ……. the plates?
10.Put the used cutlery ……. the sink.
11.I'll wash them ……. later.
8. Match the two parts of the following English idioms and translate them into Russian.
1) to bite off more than one can chew a) to have a lot of tasks
2) to take something with a pinch of salt b) to do smth very badly
3) a cold fish с) to be sold out very quickly
4) to know which side one's bread is buttered on d) to make an unpleasant thing seem less so
5) make a dog's breakfast of smth e) (informal) an important and powerful person in an
organization – used humorously
6) to sell like hot cakes f) very easy
7) a storm in a tea-cup g) where one is in a position of advantage
8) to sugar the pill h) to be unhappy about having done smth which
cannot be undone
9) to have a lot on one's plate i) to attempt to do more than one can
10) a big cheese j) disturbance over a trifling matter
11) (as) easy as pie (a piece of cake) k) not to believe entirely
12) cry over spilt milk l) an unfriendly person who seems to have no
strong feelings
13) not worth a bean m) substantional, reach in content
14) (as) cool as a cucumber n) for a very small amount of money
15) full of meat o) worthless
16) for peanuts p) very calm and controlled, especially in a difficult situation
9. What do we call:
1) the sweet nectar of flowers collected by bees
2) a large spoon we use to pour soup into a plate
3) a breakfast food made from grain and usually eaten with milk
4) extra money that we give to a waiter in a restaurant
5) meat which has no fat
6) the process of preparing food
89
10. Put each of the following words or phrases in its correct place in the passage.
vegetarians crockery side dish napkin main course diet
washing up starter dessert cutlery entertaining sink
Maureen often gives dinner parties at home. She loves (a) ………..…….. . She lays the table: puts the
(b) ………..…….. in the right places, sets out the plates and puts a clean white (c) ………..…….. at
each place. For the meal itself, she usually gives her guests some kind of (d) ………..…….. first, for
example soup or melon. Next comes the (e) ………..…….. , which is usually meat (unless some of her
guests are (f) ………..…….. or if they're on a special (g) ………..…….. with a (h) ………..…….. of
salad. For (i) ………..…….. it's usually fruit or ice-cream, and then coffee. When everyone has gone
home, she must think about doing the (j) ………..…….. , as in the kitchen the (k) ………..…….. is full
of dirty (l) ………..…….. .
11. Explain the difference between:

1) a buffet and a banquet 3) a chef and a waiter
2) overcooked, undercooked and raw 4) a café and a canteen
12. Fill in the blanks with the corresponding words:

1. What can you recommend for the main ……………… ? 2. Why have you brought fish? I didn't
……………… this. 3. Some Englishmen like a mug of light ……………… with lunch. 4. In a café
my boyfriend treated me ……………… an ice-cream. 5. There was no fish ……………… the menu.
6. ……………… dessert they took strawberry ice-cream. 7. Don't talk with your mouth full. First
……………… then swallow. 8. How many ……………… of sugar do you usually take in your tea?
9. "Compote" is our good old ……………… fruit. 10. He helped himself ……………… a large piece
of apple-pie.

1. Наша семья любит овощи, и летом и зимой мама часто готовит нам кабачки, фаршированные
рисом и мясным фаршем.
2. Официант порекомендовал нам на первое грибной суп со сметаной, на второе – копчёного лосося
с картофелем–фри, а на десерт – мороженое с малиновым сиропом.
3. Разрешите предложить вам еще чашечку кофе? – Спасибо. Не кладите много сахару, пожалуйста.
Двух кусков достаточно. – Ну что ж. О вкусах не спорят.
4. Пора ужинать. Что сегодня на ужин? – Телячьи отбивные с жареной картошкой и чай с печеньем.
5. Передайте, пожалуйста, солонку. – Простите, в ней очень мало соли. Я сейчас принесу ещё.
6. Что ты заказал на второе? – Ещё ничего, но закажу котлеты с вермишелью. – А я вермишели
предпочитаю картофель и другие овощи, поэтому я возьму курицу с пюре.
7. Стол уже накрыт. Тарелки, ножи и вилки разложены, хлеб нарезан, бутылки с вином откупорены.
– А где же соль, перец и горчица? Ты, как всегда, забыла о них.
8. Чтобы приготовить мой любимый морковный салат, я беру три крупных моркови, тру их на
тёрке, мелко рублю головку чеснока, добавляю изюм, все перемешиваю и заправляю салат
майонезом.
9. Ну ты и сладкоежка! Неужели ты не понимаешь, что нельзя есть столько шоколада и конфет?
Кстати, ты давно не была у зубного, не так ли?
14. Write a recipe of your favourite dish.
90
LISTENING 1. NOT A VERY ENJOYABLE MEAL
1) available a) подгорелый снизу
2) stone cold b) обсчитать кого-либо
3) short-staffed c) свободный, незанятый
4) burnt underneath d) совершенно холодный
5) overcharge smb e) недоукомплектованный (о штате работников)

2.1. Listen to the people complaining about the service at a restaurant and answer the questions that follow.
1. Who are the people making complaints? 3. Who is going to check the bill?
a) a daughter and a father; a) the owner;
b) husband and wife; b) the waiter;
c) two strangers. c) the manager.
2. Who are they making complaints to? 4. What service charge will be paid?
a) the owner; a) none at all;
b) the waiter; b) 4 pounds;
c) the manager. c) 40 pounds.
2.2. Choose the complaints from the dialogue.

1) soup not hot enough/too hot
2) steak undercooked/overcooked/tough/raw
3) wrong course/wrong dessert
4) only one fish course/only one dessert
5) no bill brought/overcharged

3.1. Fill in the prepositions or postpositions if necessary as in the dialogue.
l. Calm ________!
2. We're a bit short-staffed ________ present.
3. Um, mainly ________ illness.
4. Can you check ________ the bill again, please.
5. I don't feel satisfied _______ it.
6. I'll pass ________ your complaints ________ the people concerned.
3.2. Give the English equivalents used in the recording for the following Russian sentences.
1. Я посмотрю, свободен ли он (менеджер).
2. Невероятно!
3. Что-нибудь случилось?
4. Я очень сожалею об этом.
5. Но это не оправдание.
6. Нам совсем не понравилась еда.
7. Мне очень жаль!
8. Нас обсчитали!
9. Я очень извиняюсь.
IV. FOLLOW UP ACTIVITY

4.1. When did you have a meal at a cafe or a restaurant last? What did you order? Did you like the service?
Have you ever made complaints at any eating place?
91
LISTENING 2. UNUSUAL DISHES
LISTENING 2. UNUSUAL DISHES
1.1. Match the following words with their English (A) and Russian (B) equivalents.
A.
1.1. 1)
Matchcrunchy
the following words a)
withhaving very little
their English (A)taste
and Russian (B) equivalents.
2) spicy b) containing or having a taste like sugar
A. 3)1) tasty
crunchy a) having very little taste salt
c) tasting of or containing
2) crisp
4) spicy b) thick
d) containing or having
and smooth likeacream
taste like sugar
or containing cream
3)
5) tasty
salty c)
e) tasting
firm andofmaking
or containing salt noise when you bite it (like a carrot)
a crushing
4)
6) crisp
bland d)
f) thick and smooth
that needs like cream or containing cream
much chewing
5)
7 salty
sweet e)
g) firm andin
covered making
greaseaorcrushing
oil noise when you bite it (like a carrot)
6)
8) bland
bitter f)
h) that needs
dry or freshmuch chewing
and firm when you bite it (like crisps or lettuce)
79) sweet
chewy g)
i) covered
having ain grease orstrong
pleasantly oil taste, and giving you a pleasant burning
8) bitter h) dry or fresh
feeling andmouth
in your firm when you bite it (like crisps or lettuce)
9)
10) chewy
greasy i)
j) having
having aa pleasantly
sharp strong strong
tastetaste, and giving
like black coffeeyou a pleasant
without sugar burning
11) creamy k) feeling
having aingood
your taste,
mouthbut not sweet
10)
12) greasy
revolting j)
l) having a sharp strong taste like black coffee without sugar
disgusting
11) creamy k) having a good taste, but not sweet
B. 12) revolting
1) grasshopper l)
a) disgusting
сверчок
2) locust b) плавник акулы
B. 1)
3) grasshopper
cricket a)
c) сверчок
ящерица
2)
4) locust
cockroach b)
d) плавник акулы
хаггис (шотландское блюдо; бараний рубец, начинённый
3) cricket c) ящерица
потрохами со специями)
4) cockroach
5) ant d)
e) хаггис (шотландское
личинка жука, червь блюдо; бараний рубец, начинённый
6) lizard f) потрохами
таракан со специями)
5)
7) ant
grub g) личинка
e) кузнечик,жука, червь
саранча
6)
8) lizard
shark fin h) таракан
f) муравей
7)
9) grub
haggis i) кузнечик,
g) саранча саранча
8) shark fin h) муравей
1.2. 9) the adjectives in ex.1.1i)(A)саранча
Usehaggis to describe the taste or textures of different kinds of food given in the
box below but don’tinname
1.2. Use the adjectives ex.1.1the
(A)food. Let yourthe
to describe partner asktextures
taste or you a maximum of kinds
of different ten general
of foodquestions to
given in the
find out what the food is.
box below but don’t name the food. Let your partner ask you a maximum of ten general questions to
find out raw
whatcarrots
the food is. English food fried eggs
plain white rice strong coffee milk chocolate
raw
plaincarrots
chocolate English food
salted peanuts fried
fresh eggs
bread
plain white
cheap steak rice strong coffee
crème caramel milk
currychocolate
plain
appleschocolate salted
seafoodpeanuts fresh bread
your mother’s cooking
cheap steak crème caramel curry
1.3. Look at apples unusual things people eatyour
seafood
p. 93. These are some of the more mother’s
around cooking
the world. What do you
imagine they taste like? Have you actually eaten any of the dishes shown in the picture?
1.3. Look at p. 93. These are some of the more unusual things people eat around the world. What do you
imagine they taste like? Have you actually eaten any of the dishes shown in the picture?
2.1. Listen to an
II. LISTENING ANDinterview with somebody who
COMPREHENSION has eaten lots of strange things around the world. Number
TASKS
2.1. Listen to an interview with somebody who haswrite
the dishes in order they were mentioned and down
eaten lots the words describing
of strange the taste
things around of each
the world. dish.
Number
the dishes in order they were mentioned and write down the words describing the taste of each dish.
III. FOLLOW UP ACTIVITY
3.1. Would
III. FOLLOW you consider eating any of the dishes mentioned? What is the strangest thing you have
UP ACTIVITY
3.1.ever eaten?
Would you consider eating any of the dishes mentioned? What is the strangest thing you have
ever eaten?
92
92
93
93
UNIT 3. HOME TOPICAL VOCABULARY
adjacent примыкающий dustbin мусорное ведро
armchair кресло dwelling жилище
apartment (Am.), flat (Br.) квартира entrance вход, подъезд
attic (loft) чердак estate agent агент по продаже недвижимости
balcony балкон fail to operate сломаться
bathroom ванная комната, (амер.) туалет feel at home чувствовать себя как дома
basement подвал, фундамент fence забор
be cramped for space мало места fireplace камин
be short of light мало света fitted carpet палас, ковровое покрытие
(single/double) bed (одно-/двуспальная) кровать flight of stairs лестничный пролёт
bedroom спальня floor (parquet, polished) пол (паркетный, натёртый)
bedside table тумбочка flowered цветастый
bedspread покрывало fluorescent lamp лампа дневного света
blanket одеяло flush-toilet унитаз
blind штора focus of the room центральное место в комнате
block квартал (города), жилищный массив freezer compartment морозильная камера
block of flats многоквартирный дом front door подъезд
block out the light загораживать свет front of the house фасад дома
bookcase книжный шкаф furnish меблировать
building здание (built in/upholstered) furniture (встроен./мягк.) мебель
bungalow бунгало garage гараж
bunk bed двухъярусная кровать hall прихожая
cabinet горка, застеклённый шкафчик, hangings портьеры
шифоньер(ка), комод hearth очаг
camp bed раскладушка hedge изгородь
carpet ковёр home дом, домашний очаг
ceiling потолок houseplant комнатное растение
cellar подвал, погреб housewarming party новоселье
central heating центральное отопление interior интерьер
chair стул iron board гладильная доска
chalet дом в швейцарском стиле keyhole замочная скважина
(с большими верандами на верхних этажах) kitchen кухня
chandelier, lustre люстра kitchen (medicine) cabinet кухонный шкаф (аптечка)
chest of drawers комод know where things go знать, где что лежит
china фарфор (standard) lamp лампа (торшер)
closet стенной шкаф, чулан (step)ladder приставная лестница (стремянка)
coat rack вешалка landing лестничная площадка
coffee table журнальный столик landlord (-lady) домовладелец(-лица), сдающий(-ая)
communal flat коммунальная квартира квартиры, хозяин(-йка) гостиницы, пансиона и т.п.
convenience удобство larder (pantry) кладовая для продуктов
cosy уютный latch (bolt) засов, задвижка
cooker (stove) плита lavatory, toilet, WC (water closet), loo туалет
cooker hood вытяжка lawn газон, лужайка
corridor коридор layout планировка, расположение
cottage коттедж, домик let a flat сдавать квартиру
country-house загородный дом lift лифт
cover with dust sheets покрыть чехлами (о мебели) lights fuse/go out лампочки перегорают
cover покрывало (bed/table) linen (постельное/столовое) бельё
crammed up with furniture (things) заставленный linoleum линолеум
мебелью (забитый вещами) living room гостиная
cramped тесный look out onto ... выходить на ... (об окнах)
crystal хрусталь lounge комната для отдыха, особ. в отеле и т.п.,
cupboard шкаф, сервант, горка, шкаф вестибюль (в гостинице, ресторане),
curtain занавеска mansion особняк, большой дом
curtain rail карниз (door-)mat циновка, коврик (для вытирания ног)
cushion диванная подушка microwave (oven) микроволновая печь
decorate отделывать – красить, mixer tap смеситель, кран
оклеивать обоями (комнату) modern accommodations современные удобства
detached house отдельный дом mortgage [‫׳‬ ]ссуда, заём (при покупке дома)
dining room столовая move house/home переезжать
dish-drainer сушилка для посуды move in (to, into smth) въезжать (куда-л.)
dishwasher посудомоечная машина move out (from somewhere) съезжать (откуда-л.)
district, region район, область move the furniture around передвигать мебель
domestic electric appliances бытовые электроприборы multi-storey building многоэтажное здание
door-handle дверная ручка neighbour сосед
drawing room гостиная nursery детская комната
dressing-table туалетный столик
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on the ground (first) floor на 1 (2) этаже set (suite [swi:t]) of furniture мебельный гарнитур
one/two/...-room flat одно/двух/... комн. квартира share a room with smb. жить в одной комнате с к-л.
one/two/...-storey house одно/двух/...этажный дом sheet простыня
oven духовка shift передвигать
owner владелец, собственник show the dirt пачкаться
palace дворец shutters ставни
papered оклеенный обоями sink раковина (на кухне)
parquet (настилать) паркет skyscraper небоскрёб
patterned с рисунком (sectional) sofa диван (мягкий уголок)
penthouse фешенебельная квартира в space место, пространство
надстройке на крыше дома spacious просторный
(тж. penthouse apartment/flat/suite) spyhole дверной глазок
pillow подушка stereo system стереосистема
pillow-case наволочка stool табурет
pipes get clogged трубы засоряются storeroom кладовая
plain однотонный (о ткани) study (n) кабинет
portable переносной surveyor инспектор
power point (socket) штепсельная розетка tap (Br), faucet (Am) (водопроводный, газовый) кран
premises дом (с прилегающ.постройками и tape recorder магнитофон
участком), недвижимость tea towel (Br), dishcloth (Am) кухонное полотенце
put things right починить, исправить tenant (временный) владелец (преим. недвижимости),
quilt стёганое одеяло съёмщик, квартирант, жилец, обитатель
radiator батарея центрального отопления the facilities (амер. вежлив.) туалет
real estate agency агентство недвижимости TV set телевизор
redecoration (redecorate) (произвести) threshold порог
косметический ремонт (покраска, побелка и т.п.) tiled покрытый кафельной плиткой
refrigerator (fridge) холодильник turn off (on) the tap закрыть (открыть) кран
refuse-chute мусоропровод upholstery обивка
removal переезд, вывоз vacuum cleaner (hoover) пылесос
renovate подновлять, ремонтировать, Venetian blind жалюзи
реконструировать ventilator window (ventlight) форточка
rent a flat снимать квартиру video cassette recorder (VCR) видеомагнитофон
repair ремонт to paste /to cover with/ наклеивать
residential area жилой район (washable) (wall-)paper (моющиеся) обои
rest room (амер.) туалет (напр., в ресторане, в кино) wall bars шведская стенка
(spare, guest) room (свободная) комната wall units стенка (из мебели)
(для гостей) wardrobe шкаф (для одежды)
rug коврик washing machine стиральная машина
running water водопровод wash-basin умывальник
sconce, bracket бра wastepaper basket корзина для канцелярского мусора
self-contained flat отдельная квартира whitewash (n, v) побелка, белить
semi-detached house половина двухквартирного window-sill подоконник
дома с отдельным входом yard двор
COLLOQUIAL PHRASES
Do you live in a house or a block of flats? – Вы живёте в своём или в многоквартирном доме?
I've just had my flat repaired. – Я только что отремонтировал(а) квартиру.
The tap is leaking (dripping, runs). – Кран течёт.
Their flat is well furnished. – У них квартира хорошо обставлена.
We've moved into another flat. – Мы переехали на новую квартиру. (Мы поменяли квартиру.)
I live at 15 Pushkin Street. – Я живу в доме 15 по улице Пушкина.
I live on the fourth floor. – Я живу на пятом этаже.
We live in a two-room flat. – Мы живём в двухкомнатной квартире.
Our flat is on the sunny side of the house. – Наша квартира находится на солнечной стороне дома.
Our house faces (fronts, overlooks) the sea (street, garden). – Наш дом выходит на море (улицу, сад).
MY HOME
I would like to tell you a few words about my home. To begin with, I want to tell you that I live in
Odessa. Our city is comparatively young, but it is famous for being the biggest seaport of Ukraine and a popular
sea resort. It is a crossroads of cultures, languages and trade.
Our family lives in a new flat in one of the largest newly built residential areas. We moved into our flat
seven years ago. It is a three-room flat on the fifth floor of an eight-storey building. It consists of a living-room,
a study, a bedroom, a kitchen, a bathroom, two closets and a lavatory. There are two balconies in our flat: the
first one is in the living-room, and the second one is in the bedroom. Our flat has all modern conveniences:
central heating, running cold and hot water, electricity, telephone and gas. Besides, there is a lift and a chute in
our building. The layout is very good, I must admit. The rooms are light, though not very large. In my opinion,
it's quite a modern-looking flat. The windows face the park in front of the building and the view is really
wonderful.
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Our living-room is quite a big room of about 19 square metres. It is the largest room in our flat. My
parents don't like much furniture in the house, so in the living-room there are two comfortable armchairs, a
sofa, a coffee-table and a nice thick carpet on the floor. Opposite the window there is a wall unit, but it doesn't
take much space in the room. Of course there is a colour TV set, a stereo cassette-recorder and a VCR in the
living-room. A nice chandelier is hanging from the ceiling and there is a standard lamp to the left of the sofa.
During the day, the light comes in through the window, but at night, when it gets dark, we switch on the light
and draw the curtains across the windows. We like to receive our guests in this room.
Now I would like to describe our study. At first it was my daddy's room, but as I grew older, it became
mine. To tell you the truth, I am very happy to have a room for myself, that's why I always try to keep it tidy.
There is a sofa, a writing table, a bookcase and a wardrobe in my room. On the wall there are some shelves full
of English, Ukrainian and Russian books. There is a radio set on the shelf and, I must confess, I like to listen to
the wireless in the evening. The dressing-table is next to the sofa. In the chest of drawers I keep clean linen and
handkerchiefs and in the wardrobe I keep my clothes, which I hang on coat-hangers. I have two water-colours
on the wall above the sofa. They are nice copies of my favourite paintings by Serov.
My parents' bedroom is the smallest room in our flat, but it is very cosy. There is a double bed with a
bedside table, a bracket and my parents' wardrobe in this room. There are also some beautiful houseplants on
the windowsill.
But the most popular and favourite place for all of us is the kitchen, as we spend most of our time there.
We all are not big-eaters, but we use the kitchen as a place where we can have a chat about our problems and
life.
In the kitchen there are some stools, a table, a cupboard, a sink with water taps, a fridge and a gas cooker.
Of course, we usually have our meals there.
We like our flat very much. It is also important that our house is rather close to the bus station and we can
easily get to any place we like.
II. Write, read and tell about your own home.
Read, translate and retell the following text:
SWEET HOME
Home, sweet home. It does not matter what your home is like – a country mansion, a more modest
detached or semi-detached house, a flat in a block of flats or even a room in a communal flat. Anyway, it is the
place where you once move in and start to furnish and decorate it to your own taste. It becomes your second
"ego".
Your second "ego" is very big and disquieting if you have a house. There is enough space for everything:
a hall, a kitchen with an adjacent dining-room, a living-room or a lounge, a couple of bedrooms and closets
(storerooms), a toilet and a bathroom. You can walk slowly around the house thinking what else you can do to
renovate it. In the hall you cast a glance at the coat rack and a chest of drawers for shoes. Probably, nothing
needs to be changed here.
You come to the kitchen: kitchen furniture, kitchen utensils, a fridge with a freezer, a sink, a dishwasher
or at least a dish drainer, an electric or gas cooker with an oven. Maybe, it needs a cooker hood?
The dining-room is lovely. A big dining table with chairs in the centre, a cupboard with tea sets and
dinner sets. There is enough place to keep all cutlery and crockery in. You know pretty well where things go.
The spacious living-room is the heart of the house. It is the place where you can have a chance to see the
rest of your family. They come in the evening to sit around the coffee table in soft armchairs and on the sofa.
You look at the wall units, stuffed with china, crystal and books. Some place is left for a stereo system and a
TV set. A fireplace and houseplants make the living-room really cosy.
Your bedroom is your private area though most bedrooms are alike: a single or a double bed, a wardrobe,
one or two bedside tables and a dressing table.
You look inside the bathroom: a wash-basin, hot and cold taps and a bath. There is nothing to see in the
toilet except a flush-toilet.
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You are quite satisfied with what you have seen, but still doubt disturbs you: 'Is there anything to
change?' Yes! The walls of the rooms should be papered, and in the bathroom and toilet – tiled! Instead of
linoleum there should be parquet floors. Instead of patterned curtains it is better to put darker plain ones, so that
they might not show the dirt. You do it all, but doubt does not leave you. Then you start moving the furniture
around in the bedroom, because the dressing table blocks out the light. You are ready to give a sigh of relief,
but... suddenly find out that the lounge is too crammed up with furniture.
Those who live in one-room or two-room flats may feel pity for those who live in houses. They do not
have such problems. At the same time they have a lot of privileges: central heating, running water, a refuse-
chute and... nice neighbours who like to play music at midnight. Owners of small flats are happy to have small
problems and they love their homes no less than those who live in three-storey palaces. Home, sweet home.
EXERCISES
1. Give definitions to the following words:
1) lounge
2) skyscraper
3) freezer
4) lift
5) terraced house
6) attic
7) carpet
8) spyhole
2. Put each of the following words or phrases in its correct position in the passage below:
deposit fee flat advertisements accommodation agency
landlord rent block self-contained references
The first thing I had to do in Belfast was find somewhere to live, if possible a small, one-bedroomed (a)
………………… . I didn't want to share a kitchen or toilet; I wanted to be independent in my own (b)
………………… place. I decided I could pay a (c) ………………… of £50 a week. I couldn't find what
I wanted in the newspaper (d) ………………… so I went to an (e) ………………… . They offered me a
nice place. It was in a modern (f) ………………… on the third floor. I had to pay the agency a (g)
………………… , and the (h) ………………… wanted a big (i) ………………… and (j) ……………
from my employer and bank manager.
3. Match the words and phrases in the left column with their Russian equivalents in the right column:
1) a housewarming party a) перешагнуть через порог
2) plaster b) примыкающая (соседняя) комната
3) central heating c) оклеивать стены обоями
4) upholstered furniture d) детская (комната)
5) to paint window-frames white e) кабинет
6) a tap, a faucet f) поменять лампочку
7) a study g) шкаф со стеклянными дверцами, тумбочка, комод
8) to cross the threshold h) штукатурка
9) to paper walls i) кран
10) a nursery j) красить оконные рамы в белый цвет
11) an adjoining room k) мягкая мебель
12) a cabinet l) новоселье
13) to change a light bulb m) центральное отопление
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4. Put one of the following words in each space in the sentences below:
for at in on of into with
1. She wanted a place …………. her own.
2. He'll move …………. tomorrow.
3. He'll move …………. his new flat tomorrow.
4. I share the kitchen …………. three other people.
5. The landlord asked the tenant …………. more rent.
6. My flat is …………. the top floor.
7. My flat is …………. a modern block.
8. The house is …………. good condition.
9. I looked …………. advertisements …………. the newspaper.
10. She pays a rent …………. £90 a week.
5. Find Russian equivalents for the following proverbs:
1. People who live in glass houses should never throw stones.
2. Do not burn your house to get rid of the mice.
3. As you make your bed, so you must lie on it.
4. A rolling stone gathers no moss.
5. Charity begins at home.
6. Home is where the heart is.
7. East or West – home is best.
6. Put each of the following words or phrases in its correct position in the passage below:
condition detached removal cramped semi-detached builder
spacious surveyor architect terraced estate-agent
Tony and Sheila's first home was a (a) ……………… house, one of a line of houses all connected. But
several years later when they had a small child, they found it rather (b) ……………… for three people.
They wanted something more (c) ……………… and so decided to move. They went to an (d)
……………… and looked at details of the houses he had to offer. They looked at a (e) ………………
house (one of a pair attached to each other), liked it, and asked a (f) ……………… to inspect it for them.
He said that it was in good (g) ………………, and they therefore decided to buy it. Luckily they sold
their house quickly and soon a (h) ……………… firm was taking all their furniture and other
possessions to their new home. But already, after a couple of years, they are hoping to move again.
Tony's business is doing well and they want to get an (i) ……………… to design a modern, (j)
……………… house for them, and a (k) ……………… to build it.
7. Match the two parts of the idioms and translate them into Russian:
1) to build one’s castle a) the floor
2) a magic b) the door
3) room c) doorstep
4) to do something d) on the carpet
5) to be e) an open door
6) to take f) carpet
7) a window g) upon the sand
8) to camp on somebody's h) as a door-mat
9) to shut the door i) in the chair
10) to show somebody j) on the world
11) to force k) in somebody's face
12) to call somebody l) under the table
13) to build castles m) to the wall
14) be used n) in the air
15) to drive somebody o) at the top
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1) a study and a cabinet 3) a dressing-table and a coffee table
2) a bunk bed and a camp bed 4) a cushion and a pillow
9. Replace the words in brackets with the corresponding English words:
1. We have no (место) for this wardrobe.
2. He has a (с двумя спальнями) apartment.
3. She lives on the second (этаж) of а (многоэтажный) house.
4. I'm afraid we'll have to whitewash (потолки).
5. Come to my place. You should see my new (мебельный гарнитур).
6. Could you help me (расставить) furniture in my (гостиная)?
7. (Встроенная мебель) saves a lot of space.
8. Your kitchen is very well (оснащенный) with modern (бытовые электроприборы).
9. I prefer (паркетный) floor rather than (покрытый ковром).
10. What brand of (стиральная машина) and (посудомоечная машина) could you recommend?
11. The house has all modern (удобства), such as (центральное отопление), electricity, (горячее
водоснабжение).
12. I don't think these (занавески) match the colour of (обои).

1. Мы хотели купить собственный отдельный дом c большим садом и озером, но денег нам
хватило только на половину дома.
2. Газон перед домом – гордость всех англичан. Газон тщательно стригут и высаживают вдоль
дорожек розы.
3. В Европе мало кто живёт в многоквартирных домах. Большинство людей являются
собственниками домов в пригородах.
4. В английских домах количество комнат может быть разным, но традиционно всегда есть
небольшая прихожая, кухня, столовая, гостиная, ванная, туалет, пара кладовок, одна или
несколько спален.
5. В домах, где есть дети, желательно сделать детскую. Там должна быть особая мебель и
хорошее освещение.
6. К гостиной примыкает столовая, которая, в свою очередь, соединена с кухней.
7. Нужно покрыть кафелем не только стены в ванной и туалете, но и ту стену на кухне, где
расположена раковина, а то будет видна вся грязь. С краски её смыть не так легко, как с
кафеля.
8. Я предпочитаю электрическую плиту газовой – её гораздо легче мыть, да и вытяжка не очень
нужна.
9. На полках я храню фаянсовую посуду, а в этих ящичках – столовые приборы. Запоминай, что
куда класть.
10. Комната так заставлена мебелью, что трудно подойти к окну.
11. У Гаррисонов очень просторная четырёхкомнатная квартира в центре города. Она прекрасно
отделана и обставлена.
12. Надо бы сделать ремонт – подновить потолок, настелить паркет вместо линолеума и поклеить
моющиеся обои.
13. Такие яркие цветастые занавески не годятся для спальни. Нужно выбрать расцветку
поспокойнее. Это комнатное растение у окна загораживает свет. Переставь его в угол.
14. Мы живём в этом девятиэтажном доме. Район нам не нравится, хотелось бы куда-нибудь
переехать.
15. Я не смогла бы жить в деревне, так как не могу обходиться без удобств – водопровода,
горячей воды, мусоропровода, центрального отопления и телефона.
16. Все гостиные в наших квартирах похожи одна на другую – стенка, журнальный столик, диван
и кресла, телевизор и стереосистема.
17. В Англии никогда не вешают ковры на стены, их кладут только на пол.
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11. What do we call:
1) a chair with supports for the arms;
2) a flat square piece of baked clay or other material, used for covering roofs, floors, walls etc.;
3) a cloth bag filled with feathers or other soft material that you put on a chair to make it more comfortable;
4) a structure that you can stand on, that is attached to the outside wall of a building, above ground level;
5) a large container outside your house, used for holding waste until it is taken away;
6) a piece of hanging cloth that can be pulled across to cover a window.
12. Fill in the blanks with prepositions or adverbs where necessary:
1. We have a nice apartment …..…… the centre of London. It is …..…… the third floor …..…… a new
building. It is a three-room flat …..…… a kitchen. …..…… the kitchen there is a refrigerator to keep food
cool …..…… hot weather and a kitchen …..…… cupboard …..…… plates and dishes. 2. Walls …..……
the library were lined …..…… bookcases, the armchairs were upholstered …..…… leather, the tables
littered …..…… newspapers and magazines. 3. The door burst open and we saw a stranger …..…… the
doorway. 4. How many multi-storey buildings are there …..…… your streets? 5. Peter has got a nice
cottage …..…… the country but …..…… any conveniences. 6. The windows of the bedroom looked
…..…… …..…… a little garden …..…… the back …..…… the house. 7. Who dwells …..…… this
cottage? 8. We have a lot …..…… furniture …..…… our dining-room. 9. The boy saw a man going into
the house …..…… the side door. 10. Tell the kids not to forget to wipe their feet …..…… the door-
mat. 11. My office is not far …..…… my home. 12. For hours he would sit …..…… a chair looking
…..…… …..…… the window. 13. You may dry your hands …..…… the towel …..…… the towel rail.
14. Don't forget to switch …..…… the light before leaving …..…… home. 15. There is no room …..……
a TV set …..…… the sofa and the bookcase. We'll put it …..…… a TV stand …..…… the right …..……
the window. 16. She said she didn't remember if she had turned …..…… the gas …..…… the kitchen. 17.
I must have a bulb changed …..…… instead …..…… the one that fused. 18. I can't find a dictionary
…..…… other books …..…… the bookshelf. 19. A wonderful portrait is hanging …..…… the wall
…..…… the writing-desk. 20. Who is sitting there …..…… the armchair …..…… the corner …..……
…..…… of the TV set? 21. …..…… my opinion this flat is too small …..…… my family though
I'm fond …..…… it. 22. …..…… the left there is a bookcase to keep books …..…… .
13. What does home mean to you? Read some people’s answers. Which three do you relate to most?
1. Home is a roof over my head.
2. Home is a warm bed.
3. Home is warmth, love and safety.
4. Home is all the effort and sacrifice that’s I’ve ever made.
5. Home is where my mother is.
6. Home is where I go to change clothes between parties.
7. Home is where most of my memories are.
8. Home is where I can scream at the top of my lungs and no one minds.
9. Home is where you always want to go back to.
14. Work with a partner. Decide what all the items in each of the following groups have in common.
A B C D
Rugs tiles parquet blinds shutters power points A letterbox a latch
wooden floorboards double glazing shelves painting a knocker a bolt
fitted carpets curtains radiators a doorbell
100
15. Complete the sentences below with the words from the box. Use singular or plural forms as necessary.
Compare with a partner.
flat/apartment cottage detached house bungalow semi-detached house

terraced house villa houseboat hotel suite chalet
 I live in a/an …  I know one person who lives in a/an …

 Most of my friends live in …  I can’t think of anybody I know who lives in
 I know a lot of people who live in … a/an …
16a) Match these objects with a part of the house. See if your partner agrees.
Object Part of the house

1) empty suitcases a) cellar
2) a fireplace, a mantelpiece b) the staircase
3) wine, coal c) the porch
4) a desk, bookcases d) bedroom
5) a doormat e) the lounge
6) banisters f) the loft
7) wardrobe, chest of drawers g) the study
16b) How many of these objects are in your house? What part of your house are they in?
17. Fill in the words from the box:
view gate climb path belongs heat rent heating doorbell condition lift
1. I opened the ……………. , walked up the ……………. and rang the ……………. .
2. We had to …………. six flights of stairs to get to her flat because the …………… wasn’t working.
3. I’ve got a great ……………. from my balcony.
4. Do you own the flat or do you ……………. it?
5. I’m living in the house now but it actually ……………. to my brother. He bought it two years
ago. It was in very bad ……………. then, but he spent a lot of money on it.
6. It costs a lot of money to ……………. a house when you live in a cold climate. Central …………….
is usually quite expensive.
18. Complete the sentences so that they are true for you. Discuss with a partner.
 My ideal home would be a … with … and …  On the floor I’d have …
 It would have a view overlooking  The most beautiful room would be …
 The rooms would be painted …  I’d share my home with …
19. Think about your favourite room. Choose from the list the things you want to talk about. Think about what
you will say and what language and intonation you will need.
• Which is your favourite room? • Is it usually tidy?
• What do you use it for? • Who cleans it?
• How is it decorated? • Is there anything you’d like to change about it?
• What sort of furniture does it contain? • How much time a day do you spend in it?
• What kind of floor covering does it have? • In what ways do you think your favourite room
• What do the windows look out on to? reflects your personality?
• What’s the best thing in the room?
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LISTENING 1. AN IDEAL HOUSE
Match the following words and phrases with their Russian equivalents.
1) rush hour a) быть полезным
2) fitted shower b) редкий, нечастый
3) take-away c) отдельный дом
4) local vicarage d) приводить в порядок, отремонтировать
5) detached house e) быть против
6) infrequent f) встроенный душ
7) come in useful g) час пик
8) fix up h) ресторан, где можно взять обеды на дом
9) mind smth (doing smth) i) дом местного викария
2.1. You will now hear 2 people talking about their houses. Check your general comprehension and
compare their descriptions marking the following statements as True or False.
1. Both houses are in the same area.
2. The families have spent a lot of time to find an ideal house to live in.
3. There are two people in each family.
4. Both the families like living in a quiet place.
5. The families sometimes have friends to stay for a holiday or weekend.
6. Both houses need fixing up.
2.2. Listen to the speakers again focusing on the essential information about each house so as to fill in
the table below.
First house Second house
Location:
Type:
Number of rooms:
Conveniences:
Transport:
Facilities nearby:
2.3. Listen to the recording again paying attention to the detail of the description. As you listen try to
fill in the missing adjectives and prepositions in the sentences below.
1. I've been looking for my ___________ house for ages.
2. It's a ___________ ___________ flat opposite a ___________ park.
3. There is a ___________ road ___________ ___________ ___________ the house.
4. Except ___________ weekends.
5. It's a ___________ floor flat ___________ a ___________ bedroom.
6. The station is about ___________ ___________ ___________ .
7. It's an ___________ ___________ one, so that's definitely ___________ only.
8. It's a very ___________ place rather ___________ actually.
9. We've got a fairly ___________ ___________ house.
10. They come in ___________ if we have a lot of people to stay.
11. I keep my ___________ things in one of them.
12. We do all our ___________ in a ___________ supermarket in our ___________ town.
13. The bus is very ___________, ___________ ___________ a day.
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*3.1. Replace the italicized words and word combinations in the sentences below by the vocabulary of the
recording. Make other changes if necessary.
1. I hate travelling by the underground in the afternoon because it's most crowded at this time.
2. I haven't heard from my former classmates for a long time.
3. My neighbour's husband is a very handy man. He can repair everything in the house.
4. Our secretary never objects to doing extra work.
5. My parents couldn't buy me a computer when I was at High School because it was too expensive
for them.
6. Concerts of famous pop stars are very rare for a small town like St. Paul.
*3.2. Insert the intensifying, specifying and parenthetical words from the box into the sentences below.
Note that some words can be used more than once. Listen to the text and check.
really just quite too right mainly fairly even rather also actually very
1. We __________ like peace and quiet.

2. I'd __________ like to live in the country, but we can't __________ afford that.
3. It's only __________ noisy during the rush hour.
4. We don't __________ mind.
5. There's __________ the two of us.
6. It would be __________ small if we had any children.
7. It's __________ got central heating which is __________ important.
8. There are shops __________ outside the house.
9. There's __________ a swimming pool in the park.
10. The church __________ _________ a long way away.
11. Living here you __________ need a car __________.
12. We've got a __________ typical detached house.
13. It's __________ __________ an old house. It used to be the local vicarage.
14. It's __________ people from the city who live here.
15. It's a __________ quiet place, __________ expensive ___________.
IV. FOLLOW UP ACTIVITIES

Write a paragraph about the advantages and disadvantages of two houses using the suggested scheme.
This house has many advantages. First of all ________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
As well as, __________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
Another advantage is __________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
On the other hand, there are some disadvantages. The main one is that ___________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
Besides this _________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
Another problem is that ________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
Although there are some disadvantages, I would rather live in this house, because __________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
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LISTENING 2. UNUSUAL TYPES OF HOUSES
1) barge (n) a) обивать, обшивать изнутри; выстилать
2) tunnel (n) b) бетон
3) nightmare (n) c) въезжать (в квартиру)
4) permission (n) d) копить
5) concrete (n) e) орган местного самоуправления; местный совет
6) advertisement (n) f) хранение
7) deck (n) g) туннель
8) storing (n) h) очень тесно
9) tight (adj) squeeze (n) i) баржа; барка; шаланда; баркас
10) local council j) линия электропередач/водопровод
11) save up k) позволение, разрешение
12) line (v) smth with smth l) кошмар; страшный сон
13) move in (v) m) объявление; реклама
14) mains electricity/water n) палуба

2.1. Listen to 4 people talking about their houses and mark the following statements as True or False.
1. All the owners were looking for something unusual to buy.
2. Each of the owners is pleased with the house.
3. Five unusual houses are mentioned in the recording.
4. The houses were originally used for other purposes.
5. All the houses are round.
2.2. Listen to the descriptions again and fill in the chart below.
Houses Underground
Boat-house Tunnel house Garden house
Characteristics house
Neighbourhood
Floors
bedroom
kitchen
Rooms bathroom
living rooms
store room
Conveniences
Garden
Other characteristics
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3.1. While listening to the texts this time insert the missing prepositions.
1. We saw an advertisement ________ a house boat.
2. Not the kind ________ thing you used to see ________ the river ________ London.
3. It's not actually ________ the water any more, but it's quite ________ the river.
4. We are connected ________ the mains electricity and water.
5. We had plans made ________ this house.
6. You can't see much ________ it ________ the outside.
7. Down ________ here the house is actually quite large.
8. We go upstairs ________ the garden ________ our house.
9. The railway line was closed ________ 30 years ago.
10. We have _______ the same amount _______ space as there would be _______ a 3 bedroomed
house.
11. I read recently about a man in London who has made a house _______ the passage _______ two
houses.
12. It’s a bit difficult inviting people here, though, because it’s rather a tight squeeze _______ two
people.
*3.2. Remember the words from the recording which are synonyms to the following ones below:
build place
difficult small
advise number
IV. FOLLOW UP ACTIVITY

Would you like to live in a house of the kind you've heard in the recording? Why?
Give your arguments for or against in writing.
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LISTENING 3. MOVING IN
1) amplifier a) греть ноги
2) stereo b) между
3) underneath c) выступать (о месте)
4) speaker d) напротив
5) huge e) разобрать, рассортировать
6) empty out f) огромный
7) fit in g) стерео
8) in between h) усилитель
9) hurt i) болеть
10) shove j) динамик
11) sort out k) освободить, опорожнить
12) opposite l) под
13) stick out m) передвигать
14) toast the feet n) подходить по размеру.

2.1. Listen to the recording and mark the following statements as True, False, or Not mentioned.
1. The couple have just moved into the flat.
2. They are deciding on the items of furniture they will need to buy.
3. Neither of them has seen the kitchen yet.
4. There is no bedroom in the flat.
5. The flat is very expensive as it is situated in the centre of London.
2.2. While listening to the dialogue this time pay attention to the details of the talk and match the items
in the left column with the indication of place on the right.
ITEMS OF FURNITURE THE PLACE IN THE FLAT

1. bookcase behind the door/next to the door
2. chest of drawers in the far corner between the 2 windows
3. 2 armchairs in the corner opposite the fireplace
4. desk in front of the fireplace
5. wardrobe in between the 2 windows, right in the middle
6. bed underneath the television
7. stereo opposite the desk, in the corner between the windows and the fireplace
8. sofa on the chest of drawers
9. 2 speakers on the left of the door
10. table lamp nowhere
11. TV-set on either side of the fireplace
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*2.3. When indicating the location of an object or thing the speakers often try to put it more clearly by
adding adverbs specifying the adverbials of place. Fill in the gaps with such words as right, just, sort of.
1. We can have the two armchairs _________ in front of the fireplace.
2. The first thing we ought to do is _________ decide where the bed's going.
3. What about _________ here next to the door _________ behind the door.
4. That's a good idea _________ as you come in, _________ in that corner there.
5. That'd be nice in between the two windows there, _________ in the middle.
6. There's _________ about enough space there.
7. We can _________ put that on the chest of drawers.
8. Let's _________ go to the kitchen and sort that out.
III. FOLLOW UP ACTIVITY

Draw the pieces of furniture mentioned in the recording in the right places in the room.
107
MODULE 3. LIFE STYLES
UNIT 1. WORK TOPICAL VOCABULARY 1
Jobs lecturer (in, on) преподаватель универ-та,
accountant/bookkeeper бухгалтер, счетовод колледжа - ниже профессора
administrator управляющий librarian библиотекарь
architect архитектор locksmith слесарь
baby-sit (v)/-sitter работать приходящей manager управляющий, менеджер
няней/няня; mechanic механик
baker пекарь nanny няня, которая живёт в семье
bank teller служащий в банке, банковский кассир news reader диктор новостей
barber/hairdresser парикмахер nurse медсестра/медбрат
bartender буфетчик, бармен nursery teacher воспитатель детского сада
bodyguard телохранитель pharmacist аптекарь, фармацевт
bricklayer каменщик playwright драматург
builder строитель plumber водопроводчик
bus driver водитель автобуса police officer полицейский
butcher мясник (TV/radio) presenter/host (теле/радио) ведущий
caretaker смотритель, сторож priest священник
carpenter плотник publisher издатель
cashier кассир receptionist служащий в приёмной
charwoman уборщица reporter репортёр
checkout assistant помощник кассира sailor матрос, моряк
chef шеф-повар scientist учёный
child-minder приходящая няня, няня в яслях, seamstress швея
воспитатель/ница детсада secretary секретарь
civil servant государственный служащий security guard охранник
clerk конторский служащий, клерк servant, maid прислуга
computer operator оператор ЭВМ shop (sales) assistant/seller продавец, продавщица
computer programmer программист social worker социальный работник
construction worker рабочий-строитель steward(ess) стюард(есса) (на
cook повар пассажирском судне или на самолёте)
(employment) counselor консультант (по stockbroker биржевой маклер
трудоустройству) street cleaner дворник
customs officer таможенник stunt man каскадёр
delivery boy разносчик заказов на дом; surgeon хирург
рассыльный (при магазине), разносчик газет tailor/dressmaker портной
dentist зубной врач taxi driver таксист
designer дизайнер teacher преподаватель
director, producer режиссёр therapist терапевт
doctor врач trade union representative представитель
editor(-in-chief) (главный) редактор профсоюза
electrician электрик translator (письменный) переводчик
engineer инженер travel agent агент бюро путешествий
economist экономист typist машинистка
farmer фермер vet ветеринар
filing clerk делопроизводитель, регистратор waiter/waitress официант/официантка
fire fighter пожарник ward attendant санитар
fishmonger торговец рыбой Professional Qualities and Qualifications
flight attendant бортпроводник(ца), abilities способности
стюард(есса) (на самолёте) talent талант
florist торговец цветами self-starter инициативный человек
furrier меховщик, торговец мехами self-motivated энтузиаст своего дела
gardener садовник computer-literate компьютерно-грамотный
goods manager товаровед workaholic трудоголик
guard проводник (в поезде) calling (for) призвание к
guide гид; экскурсовод skills умения, квалификация
headmaster(headmistress) директор школы prospect(s) перспектива(ы)
housekeeper экономка train for (v) обучать(ся), готовить(ся)
housepainter маляр be qualified as smb. получить диплом по
housewife/husband домашняя хозяйка/хозяин определённой специальности
interpreter (устный) переводчик qualify (for) готовиться к какой-либо деятельности
labourer чернорабочий graduate from university (v) закончить университет
lawyer юрист a degree in smth. степень по чему-либо
108
qualification квалификация; право занимать какую- claim (v) претендовать
либо должность (подтверждённое документом) contact (v) связаться с, обратиться к
(in)experienced (не) опытный, (не) знающий curriculum vitae/CV (Br) резюме
(un)skilled/qualified (не) квалифицированный resume (Am) краткая автобиография, резюме
highly skilled высоко квалифицированный applicant претендент, кандидат
semi-skilled со средним образованием apply for a job подать заявление о приёме на
be skilled at/in smth. получивший навыки в работу
loafer (idler) лентяй complete an application form заполнять анкету
have (no) work experience (не) иметь опыт работы educational qualification образовательный ценз
a letter of application письмо с заявлением о
Job Hunting (поиск работы) приёме на работу
unemployed безработный have an (individual/panel) interview проводить
advertisement объявление, реклама (coll. ad) (персональное) собеседование (с группой экспертов)
make/cancel an appointment назначить/отменить shortlist (составлять) окончательный список
встречу претендентов (на место работы или приз)
(break) keep an appointment (не) прийти на встречу check a reference проверять рекомендацию
employment agency агентство по трудоустройству turn smth. down (v) отклонять что-то
recruitment/hiring набор сотрудников на работу accept smth. принимать что-то
headhunt (v) подбирать высококвалифицированные appoint smb. назначать кого-либо
кадры shop around (Am) подыскивать (работу, место)
reference рекомендация
Read, translate and retell the following text. Express your point of view on this subject (e.g. whether
women or teenagers should or shouldn’t work).
JOBS IN AMERICA
Many Americans change jobs during their lifetime. In fact, some Americans even change careers one or
more times. For example someone who has been a teacher for fifteen years might decide to quit that profession
in order to begin a restaurant business. Or a banker might decide to go back to school to study law. You
sometimes meet older Americans who have tried several careers, in their lifetime.
The Small Business Administration is a US government agency established in 1953. It lends money to
small businesses to help them grow. The Small Business Administration also helps small businesses receive
government contracts.
Before World War II, most American women did not work outside the home. Between 1941 and 1945,
more than 6 million women took jobs outside the home for the first time. Since then, the number of women in
the workplace has greatly increased. In most American families, both the husband and wife must work in order
to afford a home or a college education for their children.
As recently as 1970, public opinion polls indicated that most American men did not want their wives to
work outside the home. But today, most husbands approve of their wives having a job. In fact, the majority of
American wives now work outside the home. About 60% of mothers with children under the age of six are now
employed. And about 70% of mothers with school-age children are now working, too.
American teenagers often take a job in the summer, when they are not going to school. Many teenagers
work as counsellors in summer camps for young children. Some teens may work in supermarkets or in fast-
food restaurants, while others have jobs as messengers, delivery people, or salesclerks. Occasionally teenagers
work in some of these jobs during the school year as well as during the summer.
In the United States, about 5% of all jobs are in agriculture, fishing, and mining. About 25% are in
manufacturing and construction. The rest of the jobs are in service professions, such as teaching, selling and
medicine.
Many Americans retire at the age of 65. Some retire at a younger age and others choose never to retire.
The federal government provides social security (money each month) for workers, who retire.
There are many organizations of retired persons in the United States. Some of the members of these
groups volunteer their time to help people in a particular kind of business. Other groups of retired persons work
for educational, social, religious, or political causes.
109
EXERCISES
1. What jobs are defined here?
1. Someone who teaches in a university, but is not a professor.
2. Someone who plans the building of roads, bridges, machines, etc.
3. Someone who is a doctor for animals.
4. Someone who makes things with wood.
5. Someone who fits water pipes, bathrooms, etc.
6. Someone who looks after your teeth.
7. Someone who controls the financial situation of individuals and companies.
8. Someone who fits and services electrical things.
references shortlist experience vacancy qualifications
interview fill in applicants apply application forms
In times of high unemployment there are usually very many (a) …………….. when a (b) …………….. is
advertised. Sometimes large numbers of people (c) …………….., and send off (d) …………….. for a
single job. It is not unusual, in fact, for hundreds of people to (e) …………….. to a firm for one post. This
number is reduced to a (f) …………….. of perhaps six or eight, from whom a final choice is made when
they all attend an (g) …………….. . Very possibly the people interviewing will be interested in the (h)
…………….. the candidates gained at school or university and what (i) …………….. they have had in
previous jobs. They will probably ask for (j) …………….. written by the candidates’ teachers and
employers.
3. What do the people in these jobs do? Fill the gaps with a suitable verb. The first letter has been given to you.
1. Doctors t…………….. patients.
2. Lawyers a …………….. and represent people with legal problems.
3. Nurses 1…………….. …………….. patients in hospital.
4. Surgeons o…………….. on people.
5. Mechanics r…………….. cars.
6. Bricklayers b…………….. walls.
7. Architects d…………….. buildings.
8. Brokers b…………….. and s…………….. stocks and shares.
4. Complete the words. The first letter is given:

1. S…….…….. a…………..….. : Sells goods to the public.
2. U..................... r………………… : Looks after the interests of staff/workers, for example in getting
better pay and conditions.
3. R………….....: Sits in the lobby or entrance area of a company. Greets and checks in visitors.
4. D………….: Very senior person. Sits on the board of the company.
5. E ..................: An expert in financial matters.
6. L ..................: Does very hard, physical work.
7. S .................. w....................... : Does specific tasks that he/she is trained for (e.g. assembling a TV set).
8. A……………. : Looks after the day-to-day organisation of the company.
110
*5. This is a game to test you on the words for some jobs and professions. Cover the column on the right. Who
would you contact or call on in the situations below? Then look at the column on the right. Try to find the
appropriate person for each situation.
1) a filling has come out of one of your back teeth 1) a chiropodist

2) you think your eyes need testing 2) a broker
3) you find you have an ingrowing toe-nail 3) a dentist (dental surgeon)
4) your back hurts and your doctor can't help 4) a vicar (priest)
(find four people) 5) a hairdresser (hair stylist)
6) a bookmaker
7) an architect
5) your fringe is getting a bit too long 8) an osteopath
6) you want a portrait photograph of yourself 9) a driving instructor
7) you have decided to sue somebody (who might refer 10) a (dog) breeder
you to another lawyer) (find two people) 11) a piano tuner
8) you fancy a holiday in the sun 12) a (garage) mechanic
9) you want advice on investment or insurance 13) a photographer
10) your grand piano isn't sounding quite right 14) a barrister
11) you want to find a 400-year-old grandfather clock 15) an optician
12) you are planning a church wedding 16) a chiropractor
13) your car won't start 17) a solicitor
14) you want to place a bet on the 3.45 race at Ascot 18) a masseur (masseuse)
15) someone in the family has just died 19) a building contractor (builder)
16) you want to learn to drive 20) a plumber
17) you want to buy a pedigree Alsatian 21) a travel agent
18) you have decided to sell your house 22) a scrap metal dealer (merchant)
19) you want plans drawn up for a new house 23) a physiotherapist
20) you want to go ahead and have the new house built 24) an undertaker (funeral director)
21) you are moving house and have a furniture problem 25) an electrician
22) you have lots of old iron you want to get rid of 26) an estate agent
23) you want new windows put into the house 27) a maintenance engineer
24) your new fridge is leaking 28) a psychiatrist
25) you like the idea of new wallpaper throughout the house 29) the fire brigade (firemen)
26) water is gushing from your kitchen taps even when turned off 30) a glazier (and a carpenter)
27) all the lights in your house have fused 31) a social worker
28) you think your neighbours just might be neglecting 32) a removal firm
their little child
29) your house is on fire 33) an antique dealer
30) you think you are going crazy 34) an interior decorator
111
TOPICAL VOCABULARY 2 CAREER LADDER
find a position найти место работы routine work механически выполняемая
join the company поступить на работу в компанию работа
fill a vacancy заполнить вакансию a tiring job утомительная работа
hold the post/position занимать пост/должность tough work трудоёмкая работа
occupation (trade) занятие, род занятий a hard job тяжелая работа
profession профессия demanding work работа, требующая большой отдачи
take on a responsibility (duty) брать на себя go home at a reasonable time уходить домой в
дополнительную ответственность (обязанность) приемлемое время
take on a job браться за какую-л. работу get paid a salary получать (ежемесячную) зарплату
take over smth. вступать во владение get a basic salary получать основное жалование
challenge интересная, но сложная задача at a salary of с заработной платой
business занятие, дело; профессия get paid wages получать (еженедельный)
job/work работа заработок
prospective employer возможный работодатель get the minimum wage получать минимальную
employ/hire someone (v) нанимать кого-то заработную плату (прожиточный минимум)
in the capacity of в должности earn/make a living зарабатывать на жизнь
fee плата за услуги, гонорар
well-paid job хорошо оплачиваемая работа pay зарплата, жалованье
temporary job временная работа get a pay rise получить повышение зарплаты
permanent job постоянная работа an overtime (pay) оплата за сверхурочную работу
a nine-to-five job работа с девяти до пяти earnings заработок; трудовой доход
regular working hours постоянные часы работы get tips получать чаевые
working conditions условия труда get commission получать комиссионное
work for (a company) работать в (компании) вознаграждение
work nine-to-five (v) работать с девяти до пяти get a bonus получить премию
work on smth. (v) работать над чем-то do well преуспевать, хорошо зарабатывать,
leave for work (v) уезжать на работу хорошо идти (о делах)
be at work находиться на работе insurance страховка
be off work быть не на работе insure (v) (against) страховать (против)
be in work иметь работу payout выплата
be out of work быть безработным get perks получать случайный или
work under smb (v) работать под руководством дополнительный доход в виде товаров,
work full-time (v) работать полный рабочий день питания, медицинского обслуживания и другого
work part-time (v) работать неполный рабочий день помимо основной зарплаты
work overtime (v) работать сверхурочно unemployment benefit пособие по безработице
work long/short hours (v) задерживаться после to be on benefit/ the dole/ (Am) welfare получать
работы/иметь короткий рабочий день (жить на) пособие
work hard (v) упорно/хорошо работать fringe benefits дополнительные льготы (пенсии,
work by contract (v) работать по контракту оплачиваемые отпуска и т. п.)
shirk work (v) увиливать от работы promote (v) повышать в (должности)
go on a business trip отправиться в командировку get promotion получать продвижение по службе
(un)employment безработица/занятость in-house training обучение по месту работы
full-time employment основная работа work one's way up (v) делать карьеру
part-time employment работа по совместительству be on holiday быть в отпуске
schedule (v) планировать be on sick leave быть на больничном
schedule (n) график, расписание maternity leave декретный отпуск
clock in; on/out; off (v) отмечать время прихода paternity leave отпуск в связи с отцовством
на работу/ухода с работы parental leave отпуск по уходу за ребенком
system of flexi-time гибкий график работы a compensation/severance payment выходное
do shift-work/work in shifts работать посменно пособие
be on the day/night shift находиться на дневной/ give notice (v) уведомить (зд. об увольнении)
ночной смене dismiss (v) уволить с работы
commute to work совершать регулярные fire smb (used in direct address) уволить кого-л.
поездки на работу в город из пригорода get the sack/the mitten/the push/the gate (coll.)
working from home работа на дому быть уволенным, получить отставку, «вылететь»
teleworking/telecommuting работа на дому при sack (coll.) (v) увольнять (с работы)
помощи компьютера и интернета leave/quit a job(coll.) уволиться с работы
a satisfying job приносящая удовлетворение resign from one's position отказываться от должности
работа resign (v) уходить в отставку
a dull job однообразная работа be made redundant/be laid off (less formal) попасть
boring work скучная работа под сокращение штатов
a repetitive job монотонная работа be demoted быть пониженым в должности
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take retirement/retire выходить на пенсию
labour/work force персонал
staff/personnel штат (сотрудников)
employee служащий; работающий по найму
the management правление, администрация, дирекция
board (of directors) совет/правление директоров
head глава, руководитель
at the head of во главе
head/head up smth (v) возглавлять
run smth. (v) управлять чем-то
be in charge of заведовать, возглавлять
chief, boss (coll.) руководитель, начальник
director член правления (совета директоров), директор
managing director управляющий директор
chief executive президент (компании)
executive/exec руководящий работник
magnate магнат
mogul важная персона; богатый
или влиятельный человек, магнат
tycoon (Аm. coll.) промышл. или финансов. магнат
a fat cat богач, денежный мешок
subordinate подчиненный
colleague коллега
freelancer работающий по найму;
внештатный сотрудник
supervisor инспектор, контролёр
trainee практикант, стажер
a white-collar worker служащий, работник
умственного труда, «белый воротничок» How long have you been in the trade? – Как долго
a manual/blue-collar worker производственный вы занимаетесь этой профессией?
рабочий, работник физического труда, I can't afford paying such a high fee to a doctor. – Я
«синий воротничок» не могу себе позволить так много платить врачу.
department отдел It's not easy to get / find work. – Не легко найти
factory, plant, works фабрика, завод работу.
lobby приёмная I'd love to do that kind of work. – Я бы хотел
office (n) учреждение; офис; кабинет заниматься такой работой.
a head office/headquarters (HQ) главный офис, What do you do for a living? – Чем вы
правление (компании)/главное управление зарабатываете на жизнь?
a strike забастовка, стачка It's difficult to make a living as a freelance writer. –
a walk-out (Am.) забастовка, стачка Работая внештатным корреспондентом много не
COLLOQUIAL PHRASES заработаешь.
get down to business – взяться за дело I've been offered a job in Paris. – Мне
go about one's business – заниматься своим делом, не предложили работу в Париже.
вмешиваться в чужие дела She is not prepared to take on that job. – Она не
go out of business – прекратить свою деятельность готова взяться за эту работу.
a job of work – (тяжёлая) работа He works in the capacity of an engineer. –
lie down on the job – работать спустя рукава Он работает инженером.
make a job of smth – успешно справиться с чем- The manager received twenty applications for the
либо, сделать что-либо хорошо position. – Менеджер получил двадцать
odd jobs – разная, случайная работа заявлений о приёме на эту должность.
mean business(v) – иметь серьёзные намерения Sam had to work a 12-hour shift yesterday. – Сэму
monkey business – 1) дурачества, проделки; вчера пришлось отработать 12-часовую смену.
2) странное, подозрительное, I work shifts. – Я работаю посменно.
не совсем чистое дело, махинация I'll introduce you to Mr. Brown under whom you
A pretty business! – Хорошенькое дело! will work. – Я представлю вас мистеру Брауну,
put out of business – разорить, погубить, вывести под чьим руководством вы будете работать.
из строя Не is well qualified for the post. – Он вполне
take time off – брать отгул, отпуск соответствует занимаемой должности.
a white-collar job – (Am.) работа в учреждении, He is a lecturer in medieval history at Edinburgh
конторе, "чистая" работа University. – Он – преподаватель средневековой
What is his business? What's his occupation? – истории в Эдинбургском университете.
Чем он занимается? He will see you only by appointment – Он примет
Не is a bookkeeper by occupation. – Он – вас только по предварительной записи.
бухгалтер по профессии.
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I. Read, translate the article and find six examples of bad manners. Which three examples of bad manners is the
company in the article trying to stop?
II. Answer the following questions.

1. What reason do office workers give for their bad manners?
2. Why is it impolite to answer a mobile phone during a meeting?
3. Are people today more polite than they were 20 years ago?
4. What are some organisations doing to improve workers’ manners?
5. What are the benefits of avoiding bad manners at work?
III. Retell the article. Express your point of view on this subject.
OFFICE WORKERS ‘ADMIT BEING RUDE’
Most office workers say they are rude or bad-mannered at work. Two out of three workers regularly arrive
late for meetings, most ignore emails and three out of four use bad language. In a survey of 1,000 workers, two-
thirds say that pressure of work is the reason for their bad manners.
Other common examples of bad office etiquette include ignoring colleagues and answering mobile phone
calls during meetings. Using mobile phones in meetings is impolite and distracts (stops people paying attention)
others, research by the University of Surrey shows. If you respond to a call when speaking to somebody, it
means that the phone call is more important than the person, the survey said. If you answer a call during a
meeting, it could mean that you think the meeting is not important.
Mr Jacobs, managing director of Office Angels, a recruitment firm, says it is easy for people to forget
their manners in the working environment, which is often very informal and very busy. Workers can forget
proper etiquette such as introducing people at meetings, and this is often bad for working relationships.
Psychologist Dr Colin Gill believes that people are not as polite as they were twenty years ago. He said:
‘Courtesy is no longer something that is so much respected in our society.’ People think it is ‘stuffy (old
fashioned, boring, not friendly) to be polite or formal.’
Now some organisations are actually investing money in training their junior managers to be polite.
Office Angels is encouraging people to arrive on time for meetings, turn off mobile phones and avoid bad
language. ‘Avoiding bad manners at work is such a simple thing to do,’ Mr Jacobs says, ‘and it can have a
dramatic impact on improving your working environment and your relationships with others.’
EXERCISES
1. Explain the following:

1) shift work 3) maternity leave 5) promotion
2) flexi-time 4) on strike
2. What’s wrong with these sentences? Correct them.

1. I was sacked, so I have a job now.
2. She’s a workaholic; she hates going to work every day.
3. I feel very well, so I’m on sick leave.
4. I got laid off from my job at the factory, so I still work there.
5. You’re so good at your job we’ve decided to fire you.
6. Bill’s wife has just had a baby, so he’s on maternity leave.
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3. Fill the gaps with a suitable word:
1. I didn’t ……………… much money in my last job but I’m well paid now.
2. He works very hard for the company and his future ……………… look good.
3. I’ve decided to retire ……………… the age of 55.
4. I’ve got an interesting job which ……………… working with young people.
5. I’ve been unemployed for two months and I’m ……………… for work.
6. If I was very unhappy with my job I would probably ……………… from the company and work from
home.
4. Match the words on the left with words that collocate with them on the right, use them in your own
sentences and give their Russian equivalents:
1) get a) early retirement
2) earn b) a responsibility
3) apply for с) the sack
4) take on d) shift-work
5) do e) nine-to-five
6) be made f) a living
7) work g) a job
8) take h) redundant
5. Fill in the gaps with the following words and phrases:

salary unemployed/out of work in charge of took went on/did career ladder
pay rise involved promoted retired dismissed/sacked earn do well
employees in-house training excited resigned part-time opened looking
job manager/boss (infml) challenge work travelling applied
The career …………………
A Getting a job
When Paula left school, she ………………… for a job in a local company. They gave her a job as a
trainee. She didn't ………………… much (she had a low …………………), but they gave her
…………………, and she ………………… several training courses.
В Moving up
Paula worked hard and her prospects looked good. Her ………………… was very pleased with her
progress and she soon got a good ………………… . After two years she was …………………. And after
five years she was ………………… a department with five ………………… under her.
С Leaving the company
By the time Paula was 30, she decided she wanted a fresh ………………… and a …………………
change. She wanted to ………………… abroad, so she ………………… and started …………………
for another job. After a month she got a ………………… with an international company which
……………… a lot of foreign travel. She was very ………………… about this and at first she really
enjoyed it, but ...
D Hard times
After six months, Paula started to dislike the ………………… and living in hotels. She didn’t
………………… in the job either. After a year the company ………………… her, and Paula found life
difficult. She was ………………… for nine months until she got a ………………… job in the kitchen of
a restaurant.
E Happier times
Paula loved the restaurant. She enjoyed learning to cook, and two years later she ………………… over
the restaurant. After a year, she ………………… a second one, and after 20 years she had 10 restaurants.
Last year Paula ………………… at the age of 50, a rich woman.
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6. Are these jobs (a) a profession (a job that requires considerable training and/or qualifications),
(b) unskilled work or (c) a trade (a skilled manual job requiring on-the-job and other training)?
1) an electrician 6) a school caretaker 10) checkout assistant
2) an office cleaner 7) a receptionist 11) a dentist
3) an architect 8) a plumber 12) a newspaper seller
4) a lecturer 9) a lawyer 13) a publisher
5) a carpenter
7. Fill in prepositions where necessary:

(1) ………. leaving school a young person faces (2) ………. a very difficult problem – choosing an
occupation. The majority (3) ………. young people do not make a decision until they leave school. Boys
and girls seldom talk (4) ………. this problem (5) ………. the family. One has to take special courses to
qualify (6) ………. the job. There is a special advisory service which counsels (7) ………. people who are
looking (8) ………. work. There are nonprofit agencies that deal (9) ………. nonskilled positions. Such
agencies specialize (10) ………. placing people according (11) ………. their qualifications. Agencies can
help you find (12) ………. all the information you need. You can also turn (13) ………. your teacher
(14) ………. advice and help. Besides there are counselors who can give practical advice (15) ……….
interview techniques, application forms, etc. Usually a counselor can see only a few applicants (16) ……….
a day. An interview (17) ………. any kind (18) ………. job generally requires an appointment. Business
people schedule their day hour (19) ………. hour. That’s why appointment is a necessary courtesy, you
can't just drop (20) ………. . Even on the wall you can see a notice "The agency works (21) ……….
appointment only". And if you don't make an appointment (22) ………. advance you’ll travel to the
agency (23) ………. nothing. John made an appointment (24) ………. the career officer (25) ……….
11 o'clock. He was (26) ………. 20 minutes late and created a negative impression (27) ………. the
employer. Besides he didn't know how to fill (28) ………. the application form.
8. Choose the right word:
job – position – occupation

"job" - anything that one has to do, task, duty;
"position" – a person's relative place, as in society; rank, status;
"occupation" – that which chiefly engages one's time; one's trade.
1. He was unemployed doing only odd …………….. .

2. Knitting is a useful …………….. for long winter evenings.
3. This aid is for those who have a very low …………….. in society.
4. My sister occupies an important …………….. in the Department of Health.
5. The police called the company to find out his …………….. at the moment.
6. He had a hard …………….. painting the car.
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commute salary prospects promotion retire
ambitious pension increments commission perks
Job satisfaction is important but I have a wife and baby so I have to think about money too. If a job interests
me, I need to know what (a) ……………….. it offers and also whether there are regular annual increases,
called (b) ……………….. . I want to know if I will receive a (c) ……………….. when I (d)
……………….. at the age of 60 or 65. If the job is selling a product, I ask if I'll receive a percentage of the
value of what I sell, called (e) ……………….. . It is also important to know if there are extra advantages,
like free meals or transport, or the free use of a car. These are called (f) ……………….. or fringe benefits.
Are the future (g) ……………….. good? For example, is there a good chance of (h) ……………….. to a
better job, with more money and responsibility? Is the job near my home? If it isn't, I'll have to (i)
……………….. every day and this can be expensive. I am very keen to be successful. I am very (j)
……………….. . I don't want to stay in the same job all my life.
10. Match the following phrases with their equivalents in Russian:

1) jobs for the boys a) подлог; судебная инсценировка; махинация,
подтасовка фактов; подстроенное дело
2) do a job on smb (smth) b) пластическая операция на носу
3) a put-up job c) (амер. сленг) хитроумный обман; тщательно
подготовленное мошенничество
4) on the job d) (разг.) как раз то, что нужно
5) a bad job e) (амер. сленг) причинить вред кому-л. (чему-л.)
6) a nose job f) занятый, находящийся в движении, в работе, в
действии; не теряющий даром времени
7) just the job g) (разг. недобр.) тёплые местечки, раздаваемые
друзьям, сторонникам
8) a snow job h) безнадёжное, гиблое дело
11. Put one of the following words in each space in the sentences below:
at in for to as off of
1. I'm interested …….. this job.
2. What did you study …….. university?
3. He has applied …….. Lufthansa …….. a job …….. an office manager.
4. This job advertisement looks interesting. I'll send …….. an application form.
5. Have you filled …….. the form yet?
6. You must send …….. the form by 20 May.
7. He's been …….. that job for two years.
8. She retired …….. the age of 60.
9. A commission means you get a percentage …….. what you sell.
10. The use …….. a company car is a nice perk to have.
11. The sixty applicants were reduced …….. a short-list of four.
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12. Fill in the collocations:
I'd love to (1) ...................... a job in journalism, but it's not easy without qualifications. Since I have to
earn a (2) ...................... somehow, I'll have to get (3) ..................... wherever I can find it. I've been
(4) ........................ some part-time work editing a typescript for a book, but I'm not sure I want to
(5) ............... it ................. .

1. Сейчас во многих странах много безработных.
2. Особенно много безработных среди молодых людей только что закончивших школу.
3. У них нет необходимого образования и опыта работы.
4. Часто, чтобы получить необходимую для работы квалификацию (образование и опыт работы),
надо закончить специальные курсы.
5. Молодые люди в течение года получают пособие по безработице.
6. Они ищут работу, обращаются в специальные агентства и просматривают объявления в газете в
рубрике "Требуются".
7. Мэри хотела получить место секретаря в приемной, но на это место было 14 кандидатов.
8. Она не получила его, и теперь она согласна на любую работу, т.к. ей надоело стоять в очереди за
пособием каждую неделю.
9. Роджеру за 50. Он проработал в одной компании более 30 лет.
10. Из-за экономических трудностей в отрасли он попал под сокращение штатов.
11. Он опять начал искать работу, но т.к. ему уже под 60, он получил много отказов.
12. Все кандидаты были моложе его, хотя у них было меньше опыта.
13. Ему необходимо получить новую профессию, но никто не хочет обучать человека, который скоро
должен уйти на пенсию.
14 a). Look at the following examples of skills/responsibilities and personality traits and tick the ones that
apply to you:
Skills/Responsibilities Personality Traits

acting making decisions Use: I am very... …is one of my strong points
analyzing meeting people
assembling negotiating accurate accuracy
(putting things (bargaining) adaptable adaptability
together) operating machines cooperative cooperation
building things organizing creative creativity
cooking persuading people dependable dependability
dancing repairing machines flexible flexibility
decorating selling mature maturity
designing sewing organized organization
driving singing persuasive persuasiveness
filing solving problems punctual punctuality
growing things speaking responsible responsibility
helping people sports tactful tact
interviewing supervising
listening typing
making crafts
14 b). Describe the job of your dream using the active vocabulary of the lesson and the ticked words from
ex. 14 a).
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LISTENING 1. WHY I CHANGED JOBS
1.1. Match the following words and phrases with their equivalents. Translate them into Russian.
1) frustrating a) to understand something clearly or be able to describe it exactly;
2) intangible b) to give money, help, ideas etc to something that a lot of other people
are also involved in;
3) to pin down c) the business of making television and radio programmes;
4) to contribute d) making you feel annoyed, upset, or impatient because you can’t do
what you want to do;
5) broadcasting e) difficult to describe exactly.
1.2. Read this summary of research into the reasons for job satisfaction.
People find job satisfaction when they: …
 have interesting work which is not tiring
 achieve goals they find important
 get rewards (including money and promotion)
 have comfortable work conditions which help them to do the job
 work with people who have similar ideas about life
 work with people they like
 have supervisors who help them
 are told they are doing a good job
 can take part in decisions about their work
Some of these are more important to some people than others. Work in small groups and tell the other
students which reasons are most important to you. Are there any important reasons for job satisfaction
which are not on the list above? What are they? Try to agree on the three most important reasons for job
satisfaction.

2.1. Listen to two men telling an interviewer about why they changed jobs. Look at these questions before you
start.
1. What is the first speaker's job now?

2. What is the second speaker's job today?
3. What jobs did they do before?
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2.2. Listen to the first speaker for the second time.
1. Discuss the meaning of the word 'intangible'.
2. Do you agree that teaching is more 'intangible' than marketing?
3. Would you prefer teaching to marketing?
4. Why do you think he changed jobs?
2.3. Listen to the second speaker for the third time. Answer these questions.
1. Did he enjoy writing for magazines, broadcasting, etc.?
2. Why did he stop?
3. Why did he dislike his first job?
4. How did he find his present job?
2.4. Are the following statements about his present job true (T) or false (F)?
1. He works in a nice place.
2. He likes the people he is working with.
3. He often has to work late.
4. He has a regular income.
5. He works with people who he thinks are similar to him.

3.1. Do you think he is happy in his job? Why?
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LISTENING 2. PLANNING FUTURE CAREER
LISTENING 2. PLANNING FUTURE CAREER
1.1. Is it easy for graduates and school leavers to find a job in your country? Do most people start a
1.1. Is it easy for graduates and school leavers to find a job in your country? Do most people start a
career immediately? What else might they do?
career immediately? What else might they do?
1.2. A radio programme is interviewing students who are about to graduate, to find out what they
1.2. A radio programme is interviewing students who are about to graduate, to find out what they
intend to do. Translate the following phrases into Russian.
intend to do. Translate the following phrases into Russian.
1) to be a trainee manager 5) to be accepted for a job/course
1) to be a trainee manager 5) to be accepted for a job/course
2) to apply for a job/course 6) to do a degree (in law, etc.)
2) to apply for a job/course 6) to do a degree (in law, etc.)
3) to do a master's degree 7) to do a temporary job
3) to do a master's degree 7) to do a temporary job
4) to join the army
4) to join the army

2.1. Listen to six students and make a note of what they have been studying and their plans/ideas about
2.1. Listen to six students and make a note of what they have been studying and their plans/ideas about
their future career.
their future career.
Student Has been studying Plans/ideas about future career
Student Has been studying Plans/ideas about future career
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2.2. Listen and complete these sentences.
Nora
1. I ______ ____________ end up teaching drama in a secondary school, I suppose.
2. But _____ _____ _____ ___________ ______ ___________ for anything this year.
3. I've got family In Trinidad, so _____ __________ ______ _______ there for a few months.
Oliver
4. I ______ ________ ______ _______________the army for five years.
5. I ______ ___________ my training in September.
Dino
6. First ____ _____ ____________ a holiday with my family.
7. I _____ ____________ in five days.
8. After that _____ _____ ___________ _____ ______ a master's degree in fashion design.
Caroline
9. I _____ _______ ______ __________ work at the beginning of September.
10. I ______ __________ ______ _________ _______ months’ break over the summer.
11. I _____ _________ ______ _________ a beach somewhere nice and hot.
Zak
12. I _____ ___________ _____ ____________ for a course in journalism.
Alice
13. I ______ ____________ ______ ___________ ______ _______ a lawyer.
14. I suppose ____ _____ ______ _______ _______ of temporary job for the next few months.
2.3. Which of the six students have already made arrangements to start a job / course? Who already
knows what they want to do? Who doesn't really know what they want to do?

3.1. Use the prompts to make future sentences.
1. I / plan / study engineering.
2. My sister / think / join the army.
3. I / due / take my driving test next week.
4. Alex says he / not / apply for university.
5. I know I / not get the job.
6. My boss / about / retire.
7. My son / start / a new job on Monday.
8. I / probably / not / see you before you go.
122
4.1. Write five sentences about yourself (or someone you know) using the prompts below.
1) (apply for) a job as a ... / course in...
2) (take)... exams / driving test ...
IV. 3)
FOLLOW-UP
(get) marriedACTIVITY
...
4.1. 4)
Write five to
(train) sentences
be a ... about yourself (or someone you know) using the prompts below.
5)
1) (go into)
(apply thea army
for) job as...a ... / course in...
6)
2) (travel) abroad...
(take)... exams / driving test ...
7)
3) (change)
(get) job/school...
married ...
8)
4) (start/leave)
(train) to be auniversity/school
... ...
5) (go into) the army ...
Examples:
6) (travel) abroad...
My brother’s due to go into the army soon.
7) (change) job/school...
I’m not planning to take my driving test until I’m twenty one.
8) (start/leave) university/school ...
My cousin’s going to start school next month.
Examples:
My brother’s due to go into the army soon.
I’m not planning to take my driving test until I’m twenty one.
My cousin’s going to start school next month.
123
123
LISTENING 3. SUMMER JOB FOR YOU
I. PRE-LISTENING TASKS 3.
LISTENING SUMMER JOB FOR YOU
1.1. Complete the table below.
I. Verb
PRE-LISTENING Noun TASKSAdjective
I.
1.1. PRE-LISTENING
Complete the table below. TASKS
1.1. imagine
Complete the table below.
1.1. Complete
Verb the tableNounbelow. Adjective
organised
Verb Noun Adjective
imagine
XXX
Verb Noun
discipline Adjective
imagine
XXX
imagine talent organised
organised
XXX discipline organised committed
XXX discipline
XXX disciplinetalent lazy
XXX talent
XXX talent experience committed
XXX committed
XXX
XXX lazy
committed
honest
XXX experience lazy
XXX experience lazy motivated
XXX experience honest sympathetic
XXX honest
XXX motivated
honest
motivated
1.2. Which three of the qualitiesmotivated sympathetic
in exercise 1.1 are most important for a good:
sympathetic
• parent? sympathetic
1.2. •Which three of
restaurant the qualities in exercise 1.1 are most important for a good:
manager?
1.2. Which three of the qualities in exercise 1.1 are most important for a good:
1.2. ••Whichparent?
three of the qualities in exercise 1.1 are most important for a good:
teacher?
• parent?
restaurant
musician? manager?
• parent?
• restaurant manager?
• restaurant
teacher?
lawyer? manager?
• teacher?
musician?
• teacher?
doctor?
• musician?
lawyer?
• musician?
friend?
• lawyer?
• lawyer?
doctor?
language learner?
• doctor?
friend?
• doctor?
Make• sentences
friend? like this:
language learner?
• friend?
•A good parent
language has to be a good listener because…
learner?
• languagelike
MakeAsentences learner?
good teacher this:has to be imaginative and sympathetic because...
Make sentences like this:
MakeAsentences
good parentlikehasthis:to be a good listener because…
A good parent has to be a good listener because…
II. A A teacherhas
good parent
LISTENING hastoto beaimaginative
be good listenerand sympathetic
because… because...
good teacherAND has to COMPREHENSION TASKS because...
be imaginative and sympathetic
A good teacher has to be imaginative and
2.1. Tanya Hanford runs an employment agency called Vacation sympathetic because...
Express, which finds summer
II. LISTENING
jobs for people AND all COMPREHENSION
over the world. Listen TASKSto her interview and make notes under these
2.1. headings.
II. Tanya
LISTENINGHanfordAND runsCOMPREHENSION
an employment agencyTASKS called Vacation Express, which finds summer
2.1. Tanya Hanford runs an employment agency called Vacation Express, which finds summer
jobs
2.1. •Tanya for people
Hanford all
runs over the world. Listen
an employment agency calledto her interview and makewhich
Vacation Express, notesfinds
under these
summer
jobsTypefor of people
people allwho
overregister
the world. Listen to her interview and make notes under these
headings.
jobs for people
• Reasons all over
for doing this the
typeworld.
of workListen to her interview and make notes under these
headings.
headings.
• TypePersonal qualities
of people whothey are looking for
register
• Type of people who register
Examples
•• Reasons
Type ofdoing
for
of people jobswhothey
this are
typeoffering
register of workat the moment
• Reasons for doing this type of work
•• Personal
Reasons forqualities
doing they are looking
this type of workfor
• Personal qualities they are looking for
•• Examples of jobs they
Personal qualities they are
are offering at the moment
looking for
• Examples of jobs they are offering at the moment
• Examples of jobs they are offering at the 124moment
124
124
124
3.1. Choose the correct adjective from the box to make an adjective-noun combination.
III. big differentFOCUS

LANGUAGE great ANDnewAUDITORY
positive MEMORY
special temporary
CHECK young
1) ____________ people 5) a ____________ attitude
biga ____________
2) different great job new positive special
6) temporary advantage
a ____________ young
big different great new positive special temporary young
3) learn ____________ skills 7) a ____________ talent
1)
4) ____________
a ____________peopleopportunity 5)
8) aaa ____________
____________ attitude
culture
1) ____________ people 5) ____________ attitude
2) a ____________ job 6) a ____________ advantage
2) a ____________ job 6) a ____________ advantage
3) learn ____________ skills 7) a ____________ talent
IV. 3) learn ____________
FOLLOW-UP ACTIVITY skills 7) a ____________ talent
4) a ____________ opportunity 8) a ____________ culture
4.1. 4) a ____________
Would opportunity
you like to do any 8) aWhich
of the jobs mentioned? ____________ culture
one(s)? Why?
IV.
4.2. FOLLOW-UP
a)FOLLOW-UP ACTIVITY
On a piece of paper write down three jobs you'd love to do, three you wouldn't mind
IV. ACTIVITY
4.1. doing
Wouldand
youthree you'd
like to hateoftothe
do any do.jobs
Keep the paper, Which
mentioned? but do one(s)?
not show it to anyone yet.
Why?
4.1. Would you like to do any of the jobs mentioned? Which one(s)? Why?
4.2.
4.2. b)
a) Divide the phrases
On a piece of paperinto
writethedown
threethree
categories below.
jobs you'd love to do, three you wouldn't mind
4.2. a) On
• aI would
piece oflike
paper
a jobwrite
like down
this. three jobs you'd love to do, three you wouldn't mind
doing and three you'd hate to do. Keep the paper, but do not show it to anyone yet.
doing
• and three you'd
I wouldn't mind hate
doing toado.
jobKeep the paper, but do not show it to anyone yet.
like this.
4.2. b) Divide the
• I wouldn't phrases into
wantinto the
a jobthe three
like this.categories below.
categories
4.2. b) Divide the phrases three below.
• I would like a job like this.
• I 1. would
Youlike a job
have to belike this.
physically fit.
• I wouldn't mind doing a job like this.
• I 2. wouldn't
You havemindtodoing
be gooda job likemoney/numbers.
with this.
• I wouldn't want a job like this.
• I 3. wouldn't
You needwantgood
a jobpeople
like this.
skills.
1. You have
4. to be physically fit.
1. You have to
You have be very
to be well-organised.
physically fit.
2. You
5. You have
have to
to be
be very
goodcreative.
with money/numbers.
2. You have to be good with money/numbers.
3. You
6. You need
need special
good people skills.
training and qualifications.
3. You need good people skills.
4.
7. You
You have
have to
to be very
work well-organised.
long hours.
4. You have to be very well-organised.
5. You
8. You have to be very creative.
It's very
5. havesecure.
to be very creative.
6.
9. You
It's need special training and qualifications.
well-paid.
6. You need special training and qualifications.
7.
10. You
It's have to work long hours.
7. Youbadly-paid.
have to work long hours.
8. It's
11. It's very
It's very secure.
stressful.
8. secure.
9. It's
12. It's well-paid.
It's well-paid.
very competitive.
9.
10.
13. It's
It's badly-paid.
challenging.
10. It's badly-paid.
11. It's
14. It's stressful.
There's a lot of responsibility.
11. stressful.
12.
15. It's
Therevery
arecompetitive.
lots of opportunities to travel.
12. It's very competitive.
13. It's challenging.
13. It's challenging.
4.2. c) Explain
14. your
There'sopinions
a lot oftoresponsibility.
a partner. Tell your partner about anything else you would look
14. There's a lot of responsibility.
for in a 15.
job.There are lots of opportunities to travel.
15. There are lots of opportunities to travel.
4.2.
4.2. c)
d) Explain
Suggest your
someopinions to atopartner.
'ideal jobs' Tell your
your partner, partner
based about
on what anything
he/she elseyou.
has told you would look
4.2. c) Explain your opinions to a partner. Tell your partner about anything else youCompare
would look
foryour
in a job.
suggestions with the list your partner made in exercise 4.2. a).
for in a job.
4.2. d) Suggest some 'ideal jobs' to your partner, based on what he/she has told you. Compare
4.2. d) Suggest some 'ideal jobs' to your partner, based on what he/she has told you. Compare
your suggestions with the list your partner made in exercise 4.2. a).
your suggestions with the list your partner made in exercise 4.2. a).
125
125
125
*LISTENING 4. JOB SATISFACTION
*LISTENING 4. JOB SATISFACTION
I. PRE-LISTENING *
* LISTENING
*LISTENING
TASKS
LISTENING 4.
4.
4. JOB
JOB
JOB SATISFACTION
SATISFACTION
SATISFACTION
I. PRE-LISTENING *LISTENING
* LISTENING
TASKS 4.
4. JOB
JOB SATISFACTION
SATISFACTION
I.
1.1. PRE-LISTENING
Match the terms *
withLISTENING
TASKS
similar meanings 4. JOB
and SATISFACTION
translate them into Russian.
I.
I. PRE-LISTENING
PRE-LISTENING * TASKS
LISTENING
TASKS 4. JOB SATISFACTION
I.
1.1.
I. PRE-LISTENING
Match
PRE-LISTENING the terms with
* TASKS
LISTENING
similar
TASKS meanings 4. JOB
and SATISFACTION
translate them into Russian.
I.
1.1. 1) appraisal
PRE-LISTENING
Match the terms with TASKS a) meanings
similar assessment and translate them into Russian.
1.1.
1.1.
I. Match
1) appraisal
Match
PRE-LISTENING the
the terms
terms with
with similar
TASKS a)
similar meanings
assessment
meanings and
and translate
translate them
them into into Russian.
Russian.
1.1.
1.1.
I. Match
2) autonomy
Match
PRE-LISTENING the terms with
the terms withTASKS similar
b)
similar meanings
breakdown
meanings and
and translate them
translate them into into Russian.
Russian.
1.1. 1)
1) appraisal
Match
appraisal the terms with similar a)
a) assessment
meanings
assessment and translate them into Russian.
2)
1)
1) autonomy
appraisal
3) appraisal
burnout b)
a)
a) breakdown
assessment
assessment
c) meanings
fringe benefits
1.1. 1)
2) appraisal
Match
autonomy the terms with a)
similar
b) assessment
breakdown and translate them into Russian.
1.1. 1)
2)
3) appraisal
Match
autonomy
burnout the terms with a)
similar
b)
c) assessment
meanings
breakdown
fringe and translate them into Russian.
2)
2)
2)
1)
3)
autonomy
autonomy
4) appraisal
bureaucracy
autonomy
burnout
b)
b)
b)
a)
c) humanbenefits
breakdown
breakdown
d) assessment
breakdown
fringe resources
benefits
2)
1)
3)
4)
3) autonomy
appraisal
burnout
bureaucracy
burnout b)
a)
c) breakdown
assessment
fringe
d) fringe
c) benefits
humanbenefits
resources
3)
3) burnout
5) autonomy
homeworking
burnout c)
e)
c) fringe benefits
independence
fringe
2)
4)
3)
2)
4)
5) bureaucracy
burnout
autonomy
bureaucracy
homeworking
b)
c)
b)
d)
e) humanbenefits
d) breakdown
fringe
breakdown
human resources
benefits
resources
independence
4)
4)
6) bureaucracy
bureaucracy
pay d)
d) human
human
f) fringe
red tape resources
resources
4)
3)
5) bureaucracy
burnout
homeworking d)
c)
e) human resources
benefits
independence
4)
3)
5)
6)
5) bureaucracy
burnout
homeworking
pay
homeworking d)
c)
e)
f)
e) human
fringe resources
benefits
independence
red tape
independence
5)
7) homeworking
perks
5) bureaucracy
4) homeworking e)
g)
e)
d) independence
remuneration
independence
human resources
6)
5)
4)
6)
7) pay
homeworking
bureaucracy
pay
perks f)
e)
d)
g) red
human tape
f) independence
taperesources
red tape
remuneration
6)
6)
8) pay
pay
personnel f)
f) red
red tape
h) independence
telecommuting
6)
5) pay f) red tape
7) homeworking
7)
6)
5)
8)
7)
perks
pay
homeworking
perks
personnel
perks
e)
g)
f)
e) remuneration
red tape
h) independence
g)
g) remuneration
telecommuting
remuneration
7)
7)
6) perks
perks
pay g)
g)
f) remuneration
remuneration
red tape
8)
7)
6)
8) personnel
perks
pay
personnel h)
g)
f)
h) telecommuting
remuneration
red tape
telecommuting
1.2. 8)
8) personnel
personnel
Complete each sentence with h)
h) telecommuting
telecommuting
8)
7) personnel
perks h) the
g) correct form of the word in bold. Sometimes you will need
telecommuting
remuneration
1.2. 8)
7) personnel
perks
Complete each sentence h)
g) telecommuting
remuneration
withathe correct
1.2. to use
8) personnel
Complete a negative
each form using
sentence h)
with prefix (un-,form
telecommuting dis-,of the word in bold. Sometimes you will need
de-).
1.2.
1.2. 8)
to personnel
Complete
use
Complete each
a negative
each sentence
form using
sentence h)athe
with
with
correct
prefix
the (un-,form
telecommuting
the correct
correct dis-,of
form
form of
of
the
the
de-).
the
word
word
word in
in bold.
in bold.
Sometimes you
bold. Sometimes
Sometimes you
will need
you will
will need
need
1.2.
1.2. Complete
Complete
1) satisfy each sentence
each sentence with the
withathe correct
correct form
form of the
the word
ofde-). word in in bold.
bold. Sometimes
Sometimes you you will
will need
need
1.2. to
to use
Complete
use a
a negative
negative form
each sentence
form using
witha
using prefix
the (un-,
correct
prefix (un-, dis-,
form
dis-, ofde-).
the word in bold. Sometimes you will need
to
to
1) use
use
satisfy a
a negative
negative form
form using
using a
a prefix
prefix (un-,
(un-, dis-,
dis-, de-).
de-).
1.2. to
a) use
CompleteWomen a negative
each
are form
sentence
more using
with a prefix
the
_______________ (un-,
correct dis-,
form
with ofde-).
the
their word
jobs in
than bold.
men Sometimes
in many you will
countries. need
1.2. to
1)
1) use
Complete
satisfy
satisfy a negative
each form
sentence using
with a prefix
the (un-,
correct dis-,
form ofde-).
the word in bold. Sometimes you will need
a) use
1)
1)
to
b) Women
satisfy
satisfy
Low payareandmore
aa negative form
poor _______________
using
workingaa prefix (un-,
conditions with
dis-,
create their
de-). jobs than men in workers.
_______________ many countries.
1)
to
a) satisfy
use Women negative
are form
more using prefix
_______________ (un-, dis-,
with de-).
their jobs than men in many countries.
1)
a)
b) satisfy
Women
Low are
andmore _______________ with their jobs than men in many countries.
a)
a) Smallpay
Women
Women
c) satisfy
a)
1)
b) Women
Low
are
are
European
pay are
and
poor
more
more
more
poor
workingare
countries conditions
_______________
_______________
_______________
working
create
with
with
at the topwith
conditions
their
their
of job
create their
_______________
jobs
jobs than than
_______________
jobs
_______________
men
than men
men in in workers.
many
in many
many
leaguecountries.
countries.
tables.
countries.
workers.
a)
1)
b)
c)
b) Women
satisfy
Low
Small
Low pay are
and
European
pay and more
poor
poor _______________
working
countries
working conditions
are at the
conditions top with
create
of
create their
job jobs than men in many
_______________
_______________
_______________ leaguecountries.
workers.
workers. tables.
b)
b)
a) LowLow
Women pay
pay and
and
are poor
poor working
working conditions
conditions create
create _______________
_______________ workers.
workers.
2) motivate
c)
b)
a)
c)
c) LowSmall
Smallpay
Women
Small andmore
European
are
European
European poor
more _______________
countries
workingare
_______________
countries
countries are
are
at
at the
at the topwith
the top
conditions top
of
with
of
their
of job
create their
job
job
jobs
jobs than than men
_______________
_______________
_______________
_______________ men in many
league
in workers.
many
league
league
countries.
tables.
countries.
tables.
tables.
2)
a) motivate
c)
c)
b) Small
Small
LowWhatpay European
European
are and poor countries
countries
the strongest working are
are at
at the
the top
conditions
_______________ of
of job
topcreate job _______________
_______________
_______________
factors in people's lives? league
league tables.
workers. tables.
c)
b)
2)
2) Small
Low
motivate
motivate European
pay and poor countries
working are at the
conditions top of
createjob _______________
_______________ league
workers. tables.
a)
2)
2)
c) What
motivate
b) motivate
Small are the
European strongest _______________
countries are factors in people's lives?
2)
c)
a)
2)
a)
Workers
motivate
Small
What
motivate
What are
are
become
European
the
the countries
strongest
strongest are at
_______________ at the
the top
_______________
_______________ topif of
they
of job
job work
factors
factors
_______________
long
_______________
in
in
hours for
people's
people's lives?
lives?
league
low pay.tables.
league tables.
b)
a)
a)
c) Workers
What
What are
are
was become
the
the
your _______________
strongest
strongest _______________
_______________
_______________ forif becoming
theyfactors
workain
factors long
in hours for
people's
people's
salesperson? low pay.
lives?
lives?
a)
2)
b) What
motivate
Workers are the strongest
become _______________
_______________ if they factors
work in
long people's
hours lives?
for low pay.
a)
2)
b) What
motivate
Workers
c) Workers
b) are
What wasbecome
Workers the strongest
become _______________
_______________
your _______________
become _______________forif if they factors
if becoming
they workwork
workalong in
long people's
hours
salesperson? lives?
for
hours for low low pay.
low pay.
b)
b)
a) Workers
What become _______________
_______________ they
if becoming workalong
theyfactors long hours
hours for for low pay.
pay.
3) fulfil
c)
b) What are
Workers was the
yourstrongest _______________
_______________ for workaain people's
insalesperson? lives?
a)
c)
c)
3)
c)
What
fulfil
WhatWhat was wasbecome
are
was the
your
your
your
_______________
strongest _______________
_______________
_______________
for
for
theyfactors
becoming
becoming a
long hours for
people's
salesperson?
salesperson?
salesperson?
low pay.
lives?
c)
b) What
Workers wasbecome
your _______________
they work alongsalesperson?
hours
a)
c)
b)
3)
3)
Becoming
What
Workers
fulfil
fulfil
Department
wasbecome Head
your _______________ was the _______________
_______________forif becoming they workalong hours for low pay.
of
salesperson? a for low
lifelong ambition.
pay.
a)
3)
3)
c)
b) fulfil
fulfilBecoming
What
He was Department
your
_______________ Head
_______________
his wasasthe
role for_______________
managerbecoming
very a of a lifelong ambition.
salesperson?
effectively.
3)
c)
a) fulfilWhat
Becoming was your _______________
Department Head wasasthe
thefor becoming a salesperson?
_______________ of aa lifelong
lifelong ambition.
ambition.
3)
a)
b) fulfilBecoming
He Department Head was _______________ of
a)
a)
c) fulfil
a)
3)
b) I feel_______________
Becoming
Becoming
Becoming
He
Department
Department
Department Head
_______________
_______________
hisinrole
Head
Head
his
was
was
my
wasas
role jobmanager
the
the
the because very
I ameffectively.
_______________
_______________
_______________
manager very not given
effectively.
of
of aa lifelong
a lifelong
of enough
lifelong
ambition.
ambition.
responsibility.
ambition.
a)
3)
b)
c) He
b) Becoming
fulfilHe Department
_______________
I feel_______________
_______________his Head
his was
role
inrole
myas asthe _______________
manager
jobmanager
becauseveryvery effectively.
I ameffectively. of a lifelong
not given enough responsibility. ambition.
b)
b) He
He _______________ his
hisinrole as manager very effectively.
a)
4)
b)
a)
c) IIBecoming
c) inspire
I feel
He feel_______________
Becoming Department
Department Head
_______________
_______________
_______________ hisin
Head
role
was
my
role
as
wasas
my jobmanager
the because
manager
the
job
very
_______________
III am
very
_______________
because ameffectively.
not givengiven
effectively.
not of aa lifelong
enough
of enough
lifelong ambition.
responsibility.
ambition.
responsibility.
c)
4)
c) inspire
I feel
feel _______________
_______________ in
in my
my job
job because
because I am
am not
not given enough responsibility.
c)
b)
a) IHe
Jack feel_______________
_______________
Welch was an his inrole
myas
_______________ jobmanager
because very
business not given
I ameffectively.
leader given
who enough
enough
motivated responsibility.
responsibility.
employees.
c)
b)
4)
4) IHe
inspire
inspire feel_______________
_______________hisinrole myas jobmanager
becausevery I ameffectively.
not given enough responsibility.
a)
4)
4)
c)
b) Jack
inspire
inspire
IHe feel Welch
has been was
_______________
an an _______________
in
_______________ my job business
because
to the new I am leader
not
members who
given
of motivated
enough
staff. employees.
responsibility.
4)
a) inspire
c) inspire
I feelWelch
Jack _______________
Welch was in my job because
an _______________
_______________ business I amleadernot given
leader who enough
motivated responsibility.
employees.
4)
a)
b)
a) Jack
He
Jack has been
Welch was
an
was an
_______________
an _______________ to business
the new
business members
leader who
of
who motivated
staff.
motivated employees.
employees.
a) Jack
c) inspire
After Welch
anbeen was an
______________________________
launch,tothe business
new leader who motivated employees.
a)
4)
b)
a)
4)
b)
c)
Jack
He
Jack
inspire
He After
Welch
has
Welch
hasan been
was
an
an _______________
an _______________
was _______________
an
______________________________
launch, to the newmodel
business
business
the
the newnew
leader
members
leader
members
model
quickly
who
who
of
quickly
failed.
of staff.
staff.
motivated
failed. employees.
b)
b) He
He has
has been an
beenwas
an _______________ to to the new members of staff.
b)
a) He
Jack hasanbeen
Welch an _______________
_______________
an launch,to
the
the new
newmodel members
members of
of staff.
staff.
5) frustrate
c)
b)
a)
c)
c)
After
He
Jack
After
After has been
Welch
an
an was an _______________
_______________
an _______________
_______________
______________________________
launch,
launch,
the
tothe
the
business
thenewnewmodel
business
new
new model
leader
members
leader who
quickly
who
quickly
quickly
motivated
failed.
of staff.
failed.
failed. employees.
5)
c)
c)
b)
a) frustrate
After
After
He You hasan
an _______________
_______________
been
could an
see _______________
the launch,
launch,
_______________ tothe
the
thenew
newnew
building model
model
members
up in quickly
quickly
the of failed.
failed.
staff.
workforce.
c)
b)
5)
5) After
He
frustrate
frustrate hasan _______________
been an _______________ launch, tothe
thenewnew model
members quicklyof failed.
staff.
a)
5)
b) frustrate
5)
c) frustrateYou
After could
an seetothe _______________
_______________ launch, building upheinnever the workforce.
5)
c)
a) frustrateI findcould
After
You talking
an him
_______________
see launch, the
_______________ the new
new model
because model quickly
quickly failed.
listens
failed.to anything I say.
5)
a)
b)
a)
a)
c)
frustrate
YouII find
You
You felt
could
talking
could
could
so
see
see
seetothe
the
him
the
the
_______________
_______________
_______________
_______________
_______________
_______________ with their
building
building
because
building
building
attitude
up
up
up
up hein
that
in
in
in I
the
the
never
the
the
workforce.
workforce.
listens
workforce.
workforce.
decided to anything I say.
to resign.
a)
5)
b) I You
frustrate find could
talkingseetothehim_______________
_______________ building
because upheinnever the workforce.
listens to anything I say.
a)
5)
b)
c)
b) IIYou
frustrate find
felt
find could
sotalkingseeto the
him_______________
_______________
talking to him _______________
with
_______________ their building
because
attitude
because uphe
that
he inInever
the workforce.
decided
never listens
to
listens to anything
anything III say.
resign.
to say.
b)
b)
a) IIYoufind talking
findcould
talkingseeto
tothehim
him _______________
_______________
_______________ because
because
building up he
heinInever
never
the listens
listens
workforce. to
to anything
anything I say.
say.
c)
b)
a)
c) I Youfelt
find
II felt so
could
so _______________
talkingseeto him
the with
_______________
_______________
_______________ with their
their attitude
because
building
attitude that
up he
that in decided
never
the
II decided to
listens
workforce.
to resign.
to anything
resign. I say.
c)
c) felt
II felt so
so _______________
_______________ with
with their attitude that decided to resign.
1.3. Andrew
c)
b) felt
find Oswald
so istoProfessor
_______________
talking him with their
of Economics
_______________ their attitude
at Warwick
attitude
because that
that
he IInever
decided
University,
decided to
to resign.
listens UK,
resign.
to and specialises
anything I in
1.3. c)
b) I felt
Andrew so
findOswald _______________
talking isto Professor with their attitude
him _______________
ofWhich
Economics because
at Warwick that
heInever decided to resign.
listens
University, to anything
UK, I say.
say. in
andhespecialises
1.3. research
c)
Andrew I felt into
so job satisfaction.
_______________ with groups
their of
attitudeworkersthat I below
decided do toyou think
resign. will say are
1.3. c) I feltOswald
Andrew
research so
Oswald job is Professor
into_______________
issatisfaction.
Professor of
of Economics
Economics
Which at
ofWarwick
with their attitude
at Warwick that I University,
decideddotoyou
University, UK,
resign.
UK, and
and hespecialises
specialises in
in
1.3.
1.3.
1.3.
Andrew
Andrew
most satisfied
Andrew
research
Oswald
Oswald
Oswald
into (S)is
job
is
isand
Professor
Professor
which are
Professor
satisfaction.
of
of least groups
Economics
Economics
ofWhich satisfied
Economics
groups
at
at workers
Warwick
Warwick
atof(D
Warwick
workers
below
University,
University,
– dissatisfied)?
University,
below do you
UK,
UK,
UK,
think
and
and will say are
specialises
andhespecialises
think specialises
will say
in
in
in
are
1.3. Andrew
research
most
research Oswald
into
satisfied
into job
(S)
job isandProfessor
satisfaction.
which
satisfaction. ofWhich
are Economics
least
Which groups
satisfied
groups atof
of Warwick
workers
(D –
workers University,
below
dissatisfied)?
below do
do you
youUK, andhe
think
think hespecialises
will
will say
say in
are
are
1.3. research
research
Andrew
1) women into
Oswald job
into job is satisfaction.
satisfaction.
Professor ofWhich
Which groups
groups
Economics of
of(D
at
7) workers
workers
Warwick
those below
belowjob do you
do security
University,
without youUK,think
think
and he will say
hespecialisesare
will say are
in
1.3. most
research
Andrew
most satisfied
Oswald
satisfied (S)
into job
(S) and
isand which
satisfaction.
Professor
which are
are least
ofWhich satisfied
groups
Economics
least satisfiedatof(D –
workers
Warwick
– dissatisfied)?
below do you
University,
dissatisfied)? UK,think
andhespecialises
will say are
in
most
1)
most women satisfied
satisfied (S)
(S) and
and which
which are least satisfied (D – dissatisfied)?
most
research
2) the satisfied
into
highly (S)
job
paid and which are
satisfaction.are least
Which satisfied
least groups
satisfied7)
of
8) (D
(Dthose
workers
those without
–– dissatisfied)?
dissatisfied)?
who below job
do
commute security
you think
long he will
distances say are
most
research
1)
1) women
women satisfied
into (S)
job and which
satisfaction.are least
Which satisfied
groups of
7)
7) (Dthose
those–
workers dissatisfied)?
below
without
without do
job
job you think
security
security he will say are
2)
3) the
1)
1) women
women highly paid 8)
9)(Dthose
7)
7) those who
without
without commute
job
job long distances
security
most
1)
most those
women satisfied
with (S)
satisfied (S) and
and which
promotion which are
are least
least satisfied
opportunities satisfied7) the
those–– dissatisfied)?
Swisswithout job security
security
2)
1)
2)
3)
2)
thewomen
the
those
the
highly
with paid
highly
highly paid
promotion opportunities
paid 7)(Dthe
8)
8)
9)
8)
those
those
those
dissatisfied)?
Swisswho
without
who
who
commute
commute
commute
long
job security
long
long
distances
distances
distances
2)
4)
2) those
1) the
the
women highly
highly paid
self-employed
paid 8)
10)
8) the
7) those
Americans
those who
who commute
without commute
job long
long distances
security distances
3)
2)
1) the
3)
4) the
women
those with
highly
with promotion
paid
promotion
self-employed opportunities
opportunities 9)
8) those
7) Americans
9)
10) the Swiss
Swisswho
without commute long distances
job security
3)
3)
5) the those
those with
with promotion
promotion
who paid
work opportunities
opportunities
long hours 9)
9) the
the
11) Americans
Eastern Swiss
Swiss Europeans
3)
2)
4) those
the with
highly promotion
self-employed opportunities 9)
8)
10) the
those Swisswho commute long distances
3)
2)
4)
5) those
the with
highly promotion
paid
self-employed opportunities 9)
8)
10) the
those Swiss
Americans who commute long distances
6) those
4)
4)
4)
3)
5)
the
the
the
those
those
who work
self-employed
self-employed
in large
self-employed
with
who promotion
work
long hours
workplaces
long opportunities
hours
11)
12) Eastern
10)
10)
10)
9)
11)
Americans
Americans
Japanese
Americans
the
Eastern Swiss
Europeans
Europeans
4)
3)
5)
6)
5) the
those
those self-employed
with
who
in
who promotion
work
large
work long
workplaces
long opportunities
hours
hours 10)
9)
11)
12)
11) Americans
the
Eastern
the
Eastern Swiss
Japanese Europeans
Europeans
5)
5)
4) those
those
the who
who work
work long
long hours
hours 11)
11) Eastern
Eastern Europeans
Europeans
6)
4) those
5)
6)
6) the self-employed
those
those
in
who large
work
self-employed
in
in large
large
workplaces
long hours
workplaces
workplaces
10)
12)
12)
12)
Americans
10) the
11) Eastern Japanese
Americans
the
the Japanese
Japanese Europeans
6)
6)
5) those
those in in
who large
large
work workplaces
workplaces
long hours 126 12)
12)
11) the
the
Eastern Japanese
Japanese Europeans
6)
5) those in who large
work workplaces
long hours 12612)
11) the
Eastern Japanese Europeans
6) those in large
6) those in large workplaces workplaces 126
126 12) the Japanese
12612) the Japanese
126
126
126
126
126
2.1. Listen to the interview and check the predictions you made in Exercise 1.3.
2.2. Which three factors does he say are the most motivating at work?
2.3. Which of the statements are true and which are false, according to Andrew?
1. Job insecurity is rising.
2. The average length of a job is similar to what it was a decade or two ago.
3. Commuting time has a significant impact on job satisfaction.
III. LANGUAGE FOCUS

3.1. Discuss these questions.
1. To what extent do you judge someone by their job title?
2. Which would motivate you more: a pay rise or a better job title? Why?
3. Why might job titles cause problems among staff?
4. What do you think people with the following job titles do at work?
a) Digital Data Executive c) Reprographic Engineer
b) Data Storage Specialist d) Office Logistics Co-ordinator
3.2. Read the article. Compare your answers to Exercise 3.1 with what the writer says. Does
any of the article surprise you?
Job satisfaction is all in a name

By Tim Reid
Bosses who are cash-strapped but want
decent typists without having to give them
a pay rise would do well to call them
‘Digital Data Executives’.
A report published yesterday revealed
that office workers have become so
‘snobby’ about job titles that they would
be willing to forgo an increase in salary for
a more ‘professional’-sounding position.
According to the study by Office Co-ordinators’. The report found that 70 per
Angels, the secretarial recruitment cent of office workers questioned replied that
consultancy, job-title snobbery creates they might give up a bigger pay cheque for a
such envy that 90 per cent of employers more ‘motivational or professional’ job title to
and 70 per cent of employees said that it make their job role seem more dynamic and
caused staff division. Filing clerks long to inspirational. It also found that 70 per cent of
be known as ‘Data Storage Specialists’, staff believed the people they meet outside
photocopying clerks as ‘Reprographics work instantly judged them by their job title.
Engineers’, secretaries as 'Executaries' and From The Times
post-room workers as ‘Office Logistics
127
3.3. Choose the correct meaning to match the following words from the article.
1. If you are cash-strapped
a) you are short of money. b) you have a lot of money.
2. If you are snobby you are very concerned
a) with possessions. b) with social status.
3. If you forgo something
a) you give it up. b) you give it back.
4. If you long to be something
a) you want it very much. b) you regret it very much.
3.4. In the final part of the same article the writer mentions other job titles. Match the jobs on the left with
their more professional-sounding job titles on the right. Then try to make up some job titles of your own.
1) Cleaner a) Chief Imagination Officer
2) Telephonist b) Voice Data Executive
3) Tea Lady c) Environment Technician
4) Creative Assistant d) Catering Assistant
128
MODULE 2. LEISURE TOPICAL VOCABULARY
Travelling (путешествие) tourist attraction туристическ. достопримечат-ность
arrival(s) прибытие amusement park луна-парк
boarding card/pass посадочный талон на пароход/ park amusement аттракцион (в парке)
самолёт get tickets достать билеты
landing card карточка с указанием порядка высадки deliver (the tickets) доставить (билеты)
пассажиров (судна, самолёта) have the tickets delivered получить билеты с
check-in desk стол регистрации доставкой на дом
check in (at а hotel) (за)регистрировать(ся) (напр. ticket for a train, a plane билет на поезд, самолёт
в гостинице) return ticket билет в оба конца
check out 1) расплатиться в гостинице и уехать; one way ticket билет в одну сторону
2) подсчитать стоимость всех покупок и выбить чек be sold out/be booked up быть проданным (о билетах)
cruise морской круиз jet (ski) (разг.) реактивный самолёт (водный мотоцикл)
departure(s) отправление jet-lag нарушение суточного ритма организма,
departures board расписание расстройство биоритмов в связи с перелётом через
departure lounge зал ожидания (в аэропорту) несколько часовых поясов
waiting-room зал ожидания (на ж-д. вокзале) leave on time/on the dot отправляться по расписанию
destination пункт назначения; цель be on (keep to the) schedule идти по расписанию
(путешествия, похода) be behind/fall behind schedule опаздывать (о поезде)
bungee jumping прыжок с помощью эластичного delay задержка
троса (с моста, скалы) put off откладывать
flip-flops резиновые шлёпанцы, «вьетнамки» (scheduled) flight (регулярный) рейс
like (be fond of) travelling любить путешествовать to (New York) via (Prague and London) в (Нью-Йорк)
lighthouse маяк через (Прагу и Лондон)
lifeboat спасательная шлюпка terminal building здание аэропорта
life buoy /(Am) life belt спасательный круг cloakroom гардероб, раздевалка; ж.-д. камера
life jacket /(Am) life vest спасательный жилет хранения; (эвфемизм) туалет в обществ. месте
lilo [' ] надувной пляжный матрац go/pass/get through the customs пройти таможен.
pedal / paddle boat водный велосипед досмотр
rubber ring надувной резиновый плавательный круг customs declaration таможенная декларация
sea/water scooter скутер (одноместное спортивное prohibited articles запрещённые предметы
судно с подвесным мотором) hand luggage ручной багаж
staycation (=stay+vacation) проведение отпуска дома suitcase чемодан (обычно небольшой и плоский)
travel light путешествовать налегке trunk (большой) чемодан
vacation каникулы; отпуск duty free беспошлинный
voyage путешествие (по морю, воздуху, в космосе) dutiable подлежащий обложению пошлиной
hike (hiking trip) пешеходный поход (charges for) excess baggage/luggage (доплата за)
hitch-hike путешествовать, пользуясь попутным излишек багажа
транспортом package место (багажа)
go camping жить в палатках/в (туристском, catch the train/plane успеть на поезд/самолет
молодёжном) лагере board/take (a train, a ship, a plane) сесть на (поезд...)
tent палатка runway взлетно-посадочная полоса
laze in the sun нежиться на солнышке crew экипаж (личный состав судна, самолета)
call at заходить в порт cabin crew бригада бортпроводников
go for a drive/ride поехать куда-л. на машине/ get on (a train, a bus, etc) сесть на (поезд и т.д.)
велосипеде для развлечения get off (a train, a bus, etc) сойти с (поезда и т.д.)
make a journey/take a trip/go on a trip совершить land приземлиться
(далёкое/короткое недалёкое для развлечения/ travelling companion спутник
короткое познавательное или по работе) путешествие mate приятель
take a tour of совершить запланирован.поездку с посе- traveller путешественник
щением неск. мест в течение огранич. периода врем. holiday-maker отпускник; отдыхающий
(all-day) tour of the city экскурсия по городу carriage вагон
(рассчитанная на целый день) (first-class) compartment купе (1-го класса)
set off /set out on a journey отправиться в путешествие dining car вагон-ресторан
go on a (two-day) trip/excursion (to) отправиться left luggage office камера хранения
в (двухдневный) тур, поездку/ на экскурсию luggage rack/overhead locker полка или сетка для
travel/tourist agency бюро путешествий багажа в верхнем отсеке салона самолёта
package holiday/tour организованная тур. поездка guard проводник
through train прямой поезд register регистрировать(ся)/сдавать багаж на
buy a package tour купить туристическую путёвку хранение
booking office билетная касса personal belongings личные вещи
reserved booking/reservation предварительный baggage reclaim место получения багажа
заказ, бронирование bunk спальное место в каюте, поезде, гостинице
book tickets (in advance) заказать билеты (заранее) berth спальное место (в ж.-д. вагоне, самолете)
cancel a(one’s) booking отменить предварит. заказ cabin каюта
go sightseeing осматривать достопримечательности hold трюм
129
porthole иллюминатор see the New Year in встречать новый год
double room гостиничный номер на двоих set off fireworks запускать фейерверки
(с двуспальной кроватью) make merry веселиться
single room гостиничный номер на одного exchange presents and good wishes обмениваться
stateroom отдельная каюта подарками и пожеланиями
suite двух(или более)комнатный номер send/give, present a gift отправлять/дарить подарок
twin (bed)room гостиничный номер на двоих be marked with parades and fireworks отмечаться
(с двумя кроватями) парадами и фейерверками
guest постоялец в гостинице prefer to stay at home предпочитать оставаться дома
guesthouse пансион, небольшая гостиница go on a picnic to the countryside отправиться на
B & B = bed and breakfast ночлег и завтрак пикник за город
(комплекс услуг в гостиничном сервисе) pack things укладывать вещи
(chamber)maid горничная go on holiday ездить в отпуск
doorman (bellboy - Am.) швейцар make up a room убирать в комнате
porter носильщик (на вокзале, в аэропорту), relax отдыхать
портье в гостинице weisure (work+leisure) свободное время,
desk clerk портье в гостинице (выдающий ключи) проводимое за работой
Holidays cool down охлаждать; успокаивать
Christmas (Day) Рождество sunblock солнцезащитный крем
Boxing Day день рождественских подарков, второй suntan lotion лосьон для загара
день Рождества (seaside) resort (морской) курорт
New Year’s Day Новый год go scuba-diving плавать под водой с аквалангом
Shrove Tuesday вторник на масленой неделе go snorkelling плавать под водой с маской и трубкой
(последний день масленицы) rough бурный (о море)
April Fool’s Day День смеха calm спокойный
the fasting of Lent Великий пост have a paddle плескаться
Good Friday пятница перед Пасхой sunbathe/lie in the sun загорать
Easter Пасха be brown быть загорелым
Easter Monday понедельник после Пасхи get a tan загореть
Mothering Sunday День матерей get sunburn получить солнечный ожог
Labour Day День труда make a public show проводить акцию
Thanksgiving Day День Благодарения choose a sweetheart выбрать возлюбленного(ую)
All Saints’ Day День всех святых exchange love-tokens обменяться символами любви
symbolize the birth of Jesus Christ символизировать hand-made valentine самодельная «валентинка»
рождение Иисуca Христа ready-made valentine готовая валентинка
be of religious origin быть религиозн. происхождения ready-made sentiments and decorations готовые
honour the memory of smb. увековечить память к-л пожелания и украшения
originate in происходить из, возникать в be a keen supporter of a tradition с энтузиазмом
date back to восходить к поддерживать традицию
be associated with smth. быть связанным с чем-либо eat pancakes есть блины
be marked by centuries-old traditions быть связанным day of family reunion день, когда собирается семья
с многовековыми традициями play a practical joke/ сыграть шутку
long-standing tradition старая традиция play a trick (on smb.) (с кем-либо)
anniversary годовщина scrape out a pumpkin выдолбить тыкву
be celebrated throughout праздноваться повсеместно light a candle inside зажечь свечу внутри
festival фестиваль scare one’s friends пугать друзей
celebration of smth. празднование чего-то trick проделка, проказа, шутка
bank/public holiday официальный праздник treat угощение
religious holiday религиозный праздник undo a shoe-lace развязать шнурок
be constituted a bank holiday получить статус step in the basin of water наступить в таз с водой
официального праздника deceiving message or invitation фальшивое
be no longer limited to banks не распространяться сообщение или приглашение
больше только на банки fetch a non-existing thing сходить за
lose religious significance потерять религ. значение несуществующим предметом
fall on приходиться на (какой-либо день) send smb to buy pigeon(‘s) milk разыграть к-л.
observe bank/public holidays отмечать праздники believe in devils, witches and ghosts верить в
observe a tradition соблюдать традицию чертей, ведьм и привидения
be part of a holiday season быть частью do all kinds of damage to property нанести вред
многодневного праздника имуществу
observance of smth. празднование be a poor sailor плохо переносить морскую качку
be made up of smb., smth. состоять из к-л., ч-л. ward off witches отпугивать ведьм
be decorated with smth. быть украшенным ч-то paint magic signs нарисовать магические знаки
fir tree ёлка nail a horseshoe прибить подкову
make a festive meal устроить праздничный обед evil spirit злой дух
see the old year off провожать старый год costume ball костюмированный бал
masquerade/fancy-dress party маскарад
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VOCABULARY BOOSTER
Read, translate and retell the following text:
THE USE OF LEISURE
By the way in which a man uses his leisure his character can be told – more surely in all probability
than by the way he does his work. For most men work is necessity in order to gain a living. Vast numbers
of men have not even been able to choose what work they would do, but have been forced by economic
necessity to take the first job that came their way. But in their leisure time they do what they really want
to do and their real selves are reflected in their actions.
Some people are completely passive during leisure hours. If such people go out they go to some
place of entertainment where no effort is required by them, a cinema or a dancing hall, and if the latter,
they do not dance but simply sit and watch others dancing.
A different type of person hurries home from work full of eagerness to begin on some scheme,
which he has been planning for his leisure time. Perhaps his hobby is carpentry or model engineering, or
gardening, or he might wish to write, or to study some subject in which he is interested. This is the
creative type of character. For him, his leisure hours are full of promise and he can look back on them
with satisfaction when he reviews what he has achieved in them.
Leisure should be refreshment; it should send a man out with fresh spirits to battle with the
problems of life. Sometimes this freshness comes not from doing anything, but by filling one’s mind with
fresh springs of beauty. Many a man gets full value from his leisure by contemplating nature, listening to
music, or reading noble books. By this sort of occupation he may not have made anything that he can
show, but he has none the less recreated his own source of inspiration and made his own mind a richer
and fuller treasure house. This is the true use of leisure.
TRAVELLING
Millions of people all over the world spend their holidays travelling. They travel to see other
countries and continents, modern cities and the ruins of ancient towns, they travel to enjoy picturesque
places, or just for a change of scene. It is always interesting to discover new things, different ways of life,
to meet different people, to try different food, to listen to different musical rhythms.
Those who live in the country like to go to a big city and spend their time visiting museums and art
galleries, looking at shop windows and dining at exotic restaurants. City dwellers usually like a quiet
holiday by the sea or in the mountains, with nothing to do but walk and bathe and laze in the sun.
Most travellers and holiday-makers take a camera with them and take pictures of everything that
interests them – the sights of a city, old churches and castles, views of mountains, lakes, valleys, plains,
waterfalls, forests; different kinds of trees, flowers and plants; animals and birds.
Later, perhaps years later, they will be reminded by the photos of the happy time they have had.
People travel by train, by boat and by car.
All means of travel have their advantages and disadvantages. And people choose one according to
their plans and destinations.
If we are fond of travelling, we see and learn a lot of things that we can never see or learn at home,
though we may read about them in books and newspapers, and see pictures of them on TV. The best way
to study geography is to travel, and the best way to get to know and understand the people is to meet them
in their own homes.
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BANK HOLIDAYS IN THE UNITED KINGDOM
There are eight public holidays, or bank holidays a year in Great Britain, that is days on which
people don’t need to go to work.
A bank holiday is an official holiday when all banks and post offices are closed. Most factories,
offices and shops are closed, too. The following days are bank holidays in Great Britain: New Year’s
Day, Good Friday, Easter Monday, May Day Bank Holiday, Spring Bank Holiday, August Bank Holiday,
Christmas Day and Boxing Day.
All the public holidays, except Christmas Day and Boxing Day observed on the 25th and 26th of
December respectively, do not fall on the same date each year. Good Friday and Easter Monday depend
on Easter Sunday which falls on the first Monday in May. The Spring Bank Holiday is on the last
Monday of May, while Late Summer Bank Holiday comes on the last Monday in August.
Most of these holidays are of religious origin, though for the greater part of the population they
have long lost their religious significance and are simply days on which people relax, eat, drink and make
merry.
New Year’s Day is on January 1st. This day people see the old year off and the New Year in. Most
people stay up all night, even children. At midnight many people go outside and shout ‘Happy New
Year!’ Some people set off fireworks and blow automobile horns, which are heard everywhere.
Everybody exchanges presents and good wishes.
Good Friday is the Friday before Easter when the church marks the death of Christ. On this day
people eat hot-cross buns – buns marked on top with a cross.
Easter Day usually comes on the first Sunday after spring full Moon according to the lunar
calendar. It symbolizes the Resurrection of Jesus Christ. Children like this holiday for traditional brightly
painted boiled eggs and special Easter cakes. Easter Monday is the day after Easter Day. It is a traditional
day for the start of the summer tourist season.
May Day Bank Holiday is the first Monday after the first of May (May Day). May Day which is not
a bank holiday, is a celebration of the coming of spring. On May Day different outdoor events are held.
Usually May Queen, the most beautiful girl of the celebration, is selected.
Spring Bank Holiday falls on the last Monday in May. August Bank Holiday is held on the last
Monday in August.
Christmas Day is the most popular of bank holidays. It is celebrated on December 25th. Christmas is
a religious holiday which symbolizes the birth of Jesus Christ. By this day people decorate fir trees with
toys and candies. It’s a special day for children. They wait for Santa Claus who comes to every house and
brings them presents. Before going to bed, children leave their shoes to find in them what they want most
of all the next morning. On this day many people go to churches, open their Christmas presents. Some
people, especially young people, like to celebrate it in restaurants and cafés and pubs, but most people
prefer to stay at home with their family on this day and have a Christmas dinner of roast turkey and
Christmas pudding. Many people watch the Queen’s Christmas broadcast on TV. This day is a traditional
family reunion day.
Boxing Day is on December 26th. People usually gave "Christmas boxes", or gifts of money, to
servants on this day. Today many people still give a Christmas gift to paperboys and girls.
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HOLIDAYS AND CELEBRATIONS IN THE UNITED KINGDOM
Besides public holidays, there are other festivals, anniversaries and simply days, on which certain
traditions are observed, but unless they fall on a Sunday, they are ordinary working days. Here are some
examples.
February 14th is St. Valentine’s Day. St. Valentine is the saint of people in love. On that day, people
send valentine cards and presents to their husbands, wives, boyfriends and girlfriends. You can also send
a card to a person you don’t know. But traditionally you must never write your name on it. Some British
newspapers have a page for Valentine’s Day messages on February 14th.
Pancake Day is a popular name for Shrove Tuesday – the last day of enjoyment before the fasting of
Lent. On Shrove Tuesday Christians confessed their sins to a priest. Many people still traditionally eat
pancakes on that day. One of the main events of Shrove Tuesday is the pancake race at Olney in
Buckinghamshire. The competitors in the race are housewives from Olney; they have to make their
pancakes and run from the village square to the church.
The fourth Sunday in Lent is Mothering Sunday – a day of small family reunions. On this day
absent sons and daughters return to their homes and gifts are made to mothers by their children of all
ages.
April 1st is known in Britain as April Fool’s Day. This is a very old tradition from the Middle Ages.
At that time servants were masters for one day of the year. Now April Fool’s Day is different. It’s a day
for jokes and tricks.
May 1st was an important day in the Middle Ages. It was the day when people welcomed the arrival
of spring. In the very early morning young girls went to fields and washed their faces with dew. They
believed this made them very beautiful for a year after that. Also on May Day young men of each village
tried to win prizes with their bows and arrows, and people danced round the Maypole. May Day is also
connected with workers and left-wing political parties.
Another popular British tradition is Halloween, celebrated on October 31st, the eve of All Saints’
Day. Halloween customs date back to a time when people believed in devils, spirits of dead people,
witches and ghosts. People thought that they could do all kinds of damage to property. Some people even
tried to ward off witches by painting magic signs or nailing a horseshoe. Now most people do not believe
in evil spirits. Today the day is usually marked by costume balls or fancy-dress parties and is a popular
tradition with young people and children who dress up as witches, ghosts etc and go trick or treating.
They knock on people’s doors, and people give them sweets and small presents.
November 5th is Guy Fawkes’s Day. All over the country people build wood fires, or ‘bonfires’, in
their gardens. On top of each bonfire is a guy, this is a figure of Guy Fawkes. On November 5 th, 1665,
Guy Fawkes tried to kill King James I. He and a group of his friends put a bomb under the Houses of
Parliament in London. But the king’s men found the bomb and Guy Fawkes. They took him to the Tower
of London, where his head was cut off. Before November 5th, children use guys to make money. They
stand in the street and shout: "Penny for the guy".
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ST. VALENTINE’S DAY (FEBRUARY, 14th)
St. Valentine’s Day has roots in several different legends that have found their way to us through the
ages. One of the earliest popular symbols of the day is Cupid, the Roman god of Love, who is represented by
the image of a young boy with bow and arrow.
Three hundred years after the death of Jesus Christ, the Roman emperors still demanded that everyone
believe in the Roman gods. Valentine, a Christian priest, had been thrown in prison for his teachings. On
February 14th, Valentine was beheaded, not only because he was a Christian, but also because he had
performed a miracle. He supposedly cured the jailer’s daughter of her blindness. The night before he was
executed, he wrote the jailer’s daughter a farewell letter, signing it, ‘From Your Valentine’. Another legend
tells us that this same Valentine, well-loved by all, wrote notes from his jail cell to children and friends who
missed him.
Another Valentine was an Italian bishop who lived at about the same time. He was imprisoned because
he secretly married couples, contrary to the laws of the Roman emperor. Some legends say he was burned at
the stake.
February 14th was also a Roman holiday, held in honour of a goddess. Young men randomly chose the
name of a young girl to escort to the festivities. The custom of choosing a sweetheart on this date spread
through Europe in the Middle Ages, and then to the early American colonies. Throughout the ages, people
also believed that birds picked their mates on February 14th!
Whatever the odd mixture of origins, St. Valentine’s Day is now a day for sweethearts. It is the day
that you show your friend or loved one that you care. You can send candy to someone you think is special.
Or you can send roses, the flower of love. Most people send ‘valentines,’ a greeting card named after the
notes that St. Valentine wrote from jail. Valentines can be sentimental, romantic, and heartfelt. They can be
funny and friendly. If the sender is shy, valentines can be anonymous.
Americans of all ages love to send and receive valentines. Handmade valentines, created by cutting
hearts out of coloured paper, show that a lot of thought was put into making them personal. Valentines can
be heart-shaped, or have hearts, the symbol of love, on them. In elementary schools, children make
valentines for their classmates and put them in a large decorated box, similar to a mailbox. On February 14 th,
the teacher opens the box and distributes the valentines to each student. After the students read their
valentines, they have a small party with refreshments.
You can write a short rhyme inside the heart:
Roses are red,

Violets are blue
Sugar is sweet
And so are you!
Or you can buy valentines with messages in them. If you are shy, you can sign it, ‘Your Secret
Admirer’.
For teenagers and adults, major newspapers throughout the country have a Valentine’s Day offer.
Anyone can send in a message, for a small fee of course, destined for a would-be sweetheart, a good friend,
an acquaintance or even a spouse of fifty years. For a small fee, the message is printed in a special section of
the newspaper on February 14th.
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APRIL FOOL’S DAY (APRIL 1st)
In sixteenth-century France, the start of the New Year was observed on April first. It was celebrated
in much the same way as it is today with parties and dancing into the late hours of the night. Then in 1562,
Pope Gregory introduced a new calendar for the Christian world, and the New Year fell on January first.
There were some people, however, who hadn’t heard or didn’t believe the change in the date, so they
continued to celebrate New Year’s Day on April first. Others played tricks on them and called them ‘April
fools.’ They sent them on a ‘fool’s errand’ or tried to make them believe that something false was true. In
France today, April first is called "Poisson d’Avril." French children fool their friends by taping a paper fish
to their friends’ backs. When the ‘young fool’ discovers this trick, the prankster yells "Poisson d’Avril!"
(April Fish!)
Today Americans play small tricks on friends and strangers alike on the first of April. One common
trick on April Fool’s Day, or All Fool’s Day, is pointing down to a friend’s shoe and saying, ‘Your shoelace
is untied.’
Teachers in the nineteenth century used to say to pupils, ‘Look! A flock of geese!’ and point up.
School children might tell a classmate that school has been cancelled. Whatever the trick, if the innocent
victim falls for the joke the prankster yells, ‘April Fool!’
The ‘fools’ errands’ we play on people are practical jokes. Putting salt in the sugar bowl for the next
person is not a nice trick to play on a stranger. College students set their clocks an hour behind, so their
roommates show up to the wrong class – or not at all. Some practical jokes are kept up the whole day before
the victim realizes what day it is. Most April Fool jokes are in good fun and not meant to harm anyone. The
most clever April Fool joke is the one where everyone laughs, especially the person upon whom the joke is
played. As a famous American writer Mark Twain said: ‘The first of April is the day we remember what we
are the other 364 days of the year.’
Glossary
fool’s errand: n. phrase, a pointless or silly job or assignment
prankster: n. a person who is playing a trick
cancel(led): v. to call off; to stop
victim: n. a person who is being fooled or tricked
practical joke(s): n. phrase, funny trick or joke to make someone feel foolish
HALLOWEEN (OCTOBER 31st)
On October 31st, dozens of children dressed in costumes knock on their neighbours’ doors and yell,
‘Trick or Treat’ when the door opens. Pirates and princesses, ghosts and popular heroes of the day all hold
bags open to catch the candy or other goodies that the neighbours drop in. As they give each child a treat, the
neighbours exclaim over the costumes and try to guess who is under the masks.
November 1st is a religious holiday known as All Saints’ Day (or formerly, All Hallows’ Day). The
day before the holy day is known as All Hallows’ Eve. The word ‘Halloween’ comes from that form. Like
some other American celebrations, its origins lie in both pre-Christian and Christian customs.
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October 31st was the eve of the Celtic New Year. The Celts were the ancestors of the present-day Irish,
Welsh, and Scottish people. On this day, ghosts walked and mingled with the living, or so the Celts thought.
The townspeople baked food all that day, and when night fell, they dressed up and tried to resemble the souls
of the dead. Hoping that the ghosts would leave peacefully before midnight of the New Year, the people
carried the food to the edge of town and left it for them.
Much later, when Christianity spread throughout Ireland, and October 31st was no longer the last day of
the year, Halloween became a celebration mostly for children. ‘Ghosts’ went from door to door asking for
treats, or else a trick would be played on the owners of the house. When millions of Irish people immigrated to
the United States in the 1840s, the tradition came with them.
Today, school dances and neighbourhood parties called block parties are popular among young and old
alike. More and more adults celebrate Haloween they dress up like historical or political figures and go to
masquerade parties. In larger cities, costumed children and their parents gather at shopping malls early in the
evening. Stores arid businesses give parties, with games and treats for the children. Teenagers enjoy costume
dances at their schools, and the more outrageous the costume the better!
Certain pranks such as soaping car windows and tipping over garbage cans are expected. But partying
and pranks’ are not the only things that Halloweeners enjoy doing. Some collect money to buy food and
medicine for needy children around the world.
At Halloween parties children play traditional games. One of the most popular is called pin-the-tail-on-
the-donkey: one child is blindfolded and spun slowly so that he or she will become dizzy. Then the child must
find a paper donkey hanging on the wall and try to pin a tail onto the back. Another game is bobbing for
apples. One child at a time has to get apples from a tub of water without using hands! How? By sinking his or
her face into the water and biting the apple!
Symbols of Halloween
Halloween originated as a celebration connected with evil spirits. Witches flying on broomsticks with
black cats, ghosts, goblins and skeletons have all evolved as symbols of Halloween. They are popular trick-or-
treat costumes, and decorations for greeting cards and windows. Black is one of the traditional Halloween
colours, probably because Halloween festivals and traditions took place at night. In the weeks before October
31st, Americans decorate windows of houses and schools with silhouettes of witches and black cats.
Pumpkins are also a symbol of Halloween. The pumpkin is an orange-coloured squash, and orange has
become the other traditional Halloween colour. Carving pumpkins into jack-o’-lanterns is a Halloween custom
also dating back to Ireland. A legend grew up about a man named Jack who was so stingy that he was not
allowed into heaven when he died. His spirit was doomed to wander around the countryside, holding a lantern
to light his way. The Irish people carved scary faces out of turnips representing ‘Jack of the Lantern,’ or Jack-
o’lantern. When the Irish brought their customs to the United States, they carved faces on pumpkins because in
the autumn, they were more plentiful than turnips. Today jack-o’-lanterns in the windows of a house on
Halloween night let costumed children know that there are goodies waiting if they knock and say ‘Trick or
Treat!’
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EXERCISES
1. Complete the words or phrases below using words from the box:
control number desk card baggage

lounge luggage reclaim locker
1) boarding ………….. 4) flight ………….. 7) baggage …………..

2) excess ………….. 5) overhead ………….. 8) passport …………..
3) check-in ………….. 6) departure ………….. 9) hand …………..
2. Match the words and phrases with their Russian equivalents and use them in the sentences of your own:
1) aircrash а) отдельная каюта
2) tag b) сходня
3) nonstop flight с) корма
4) life buoy [b , bu: ] d) беспосадочный полёт
5) deck е) авиакатастрофа
6) stateroom f) бирка
7) stern g) спасательный круг
8) gangway h) палуба
3. What do you call these?

1. The place where you go when you arrive at the airport with your luggage to register for your flight.
2. The card they give you with the seat number on it.
3. What you have to pay if your luggage is very heavy.
4. The bags you carry onto the plane with you.
5. The place above your head where you can put these bags.
4. Complete these sentences with a suitable word:

1. There was a mechanical problem, and we ended up with a two-hour ………………… .
2. Several passengers had to fill in landing ………………… .
3. I went through passport control and sat in the departure ………………… .
4. If you have nothing to declare, you follow the green sign when you go through ………………… .
5 A woman at the check-in desk weighed my ………………… .
6 I looked for our flight number on the departures ………………… .
5. There are six mistakes in this text. Underline them and then correct them:
Last year my uncle went on a very interesting travel in South America. He took a fly to Chile. There was fog
when the plane arrived to the airport and the driver found it very difficult to land.
Eventually, he succeeded and the voyagers all got off and went into the airport. A lot of them had to
exchange planes there.
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upright times hire check-in landing lands get on
reclaim luggage remind gate weigh excess overhead locker
delays flight runway crew fasten destinations board
departures passport duty take-off get off boarding card
customs lounge terminal
AIR TRAVEL
Departures
When you arrive at the airport, you can look at the ……………. board which shows the ……………
numbers (e.g. BA735), departure ………….… (e.g. 0840) and ……………… (e.g. Venice). At the
…………. desk they ………………. your luggage. Usually you can take about 20 kilos. If it is more, you
may have to pay ………………. baggage (= you pay extra). They also check your ticket and give you a
………………. for the plane with your seat number on it. Then you go through ………………. control
where an official checks your passport, and into the departure ………………. . Here, you can also buy
things in the ………………. free, e.g. perfume or alcohol. About half an hour before ………………. , you
go to a ………………. number, e.g. gate 14, where you wait before you ………………. the plane. When
you ………………. (= get on) the plane, you find your seat. If you have hand ………………. , you can put
it under your seat or in the ………………. above your seat. If there are no ………………. (= when you have
to wait until a later time for some reason), the plane moves towards the ……………….. (= the area where
planes take off and land).
The flight
The captain (= the pilot) or cabin ………………. (= people who look after passengers) may say these things:
• Please ………………. your seat belt and put your seat in the ………………. position.
• May we ………………. passengers (= to passengers: please remember) that there is no smoking now until
you are inside the …………. building (= the part of the airport where passengers arrive and depart).
• The cabin crew are now coming round with ………………. cards. (= cards you have to fill in when you
enter certain countries)
Arrival
When the plane ………………. (= arrives on the ground), you have to wait for it to stop. When the doors are
open, you ………………. the plane and walk through the terminal building and go to the baggage
………………. (= place where you collect your luggage). You go through ………………. (GREEN =
nothing to declare; RED = goods to declare). At most airports, you can ………………. (= rent) a car.
7. Translate the sentences from Russian into English:

1. Отель Кингз предоставляет следующие номера: двухместные номера категории А ($300) и
категории Б ($250), а также одноместные номера категории А ($150) и категории Б ($100). 2. В
стоимость номера включен завтрак, а также обслуживание и налоги. 3. Поскольку количество
одноместных номеров ограничено, возможно, потребуется поселение в двухместный номер. 4. Если
бронирование по указанной цене невозможно, прошу забронировать номер следующей из
имеющихся категорий. 5. Мне нужен номер с 10 по 20 апреля на 11 суток. 6. Мне за 30, поэтому я бы
хотела жить в одном номере с кем-нибудь примерно моего возраста.
8. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate prepositions where necessary:

1. The voice announced …..….. French and English that the plane had been delayed. 2. The information will
be announced ..…..... the public-address system. 3. The flight ….…... New York had been put …..…..
…..….. half an hour. 4. Everybody was waiting comfortably …….... the take off. 5. He looked as if he could
cancel his flight and go …..….. boat or …….... train. 6. The passengers were instructed to pass .....…..
Customs.
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9. Match a word from the left with a word from the right to form six phrases. Translate them into Russian and
make up your own situation with them:
1) beach a) breeze
2) suntan b) umbrella
3) seaside c) sea
4) gentle d) lotion
5) sandy e) resort
6) rough f) beach
10. What do we call:

1) a person who meets you at the carriage of a train – …………… ;
2) a person who is usually sea-sick – …………… ;
3) items which are not liable to duty – …………… ;
4) a person who makes up your room at the hotel – …………… ;
5) part of the flight when the plane touches the ground – …………… ;
6) the windows on a ship – …………… ;
7) a person who helps you with your luggage in a hotel – …………… ;
8) the part of a ship where cargo is kept – …………… ;
9) a person who cheсks you in at the hotel – ……………. .
play volleyball get a suntan rent an apartment sunblock rough
sandy beaches sunbathe go on holiday suntan lotion spend
along the cliffs go camping get sunburn cool you down various
gentle breeze go to the beach having a paddle seaside resorts tent
having a swim go windsurfing/snorkelling/diving
HOLIDAYS BY THE SEA

Places to stay
When people ………………….. they stay in ………………….. places (= a number of different places):
some go to hotels; some ………………….. (a holiday flat); some prefer to ………………….. and sleep in
a ………………….. .
On the beach
Many people ………………….. their holiday in ………………….. (= towns by the sea for tourists, e.g.;
Malaga, St Tropez, Okinawa) where they can ………………….. every day.
You sometimes get a ………………….. (= a light pleasant wind) from the sea, which helps to
………………….. on hot days, but it can also burn you.
Seaside activities
I like going for a walk …………………... On ………………….. , I often …………………... I sometimes
…………………... . I don’t swim much but I like ………………….. (= just put my feet in the sea). My
sister likes ………………….. in the sea, but not if it is very ………………….. (opposite calm).
In the sun
Many people go to the beach to ………………….. (= lie in the sun) and ………………….. (= when the
body goes an attractive brown colour from the sun; we can also say be brown). This can be dangerous, and
you should always put on ………………….. (= cream or oil to stop your skin burning). This will also help
you to get a tan and protect your skin. If you don’t protect your skin, you may ………………….. (= the
skin becomes red and very painful). For total protection, use …………………... .
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12. Match the following words and phrases with their Russian equivalents and use them in the sentences of your
own:
1) double bedroom а) швейцар
2) fill in the form b) остановиться в гостинице
3) check-in с) вестибюль
4) lobby d) плата за услуги
5) chambermaid e) двухместный номер
6) doorman f) зарегистрироваться
7) settle the bill g) заполнить бланк
8) stay in the hotel h) горничная
9) service charges i) уплатить по счёту
13. Fill in prepositions or adverbs where necessary:

1. The taxi ……….. Mary and Peter had hardly stopped ……….. the entrance ……….. the Europe Grand
Hotel when the doorman opened the hotel front door and helped them to get ……….. the car. 2. I’d like a
double bedroom ……….. a bath ……….. one night. 3. Passenger planes usually fly ……….. a speed
……….. 800 km ……….. hour ……….. an altitude ……….. 2000 m. 4. When I got there the passengers
had already boarded ……….. the plane. I only saw it taxiing ……….. the field. 5. The receptionist handed
……….. us an arrival card (registration form) which we filled ……….. . 6. I’ll need my passport badly
tomorrow ……….. the afternoon. 7. My flight number is 70583. I expect to be checking ……….. ………..
an hour ……….. ……….. 4 o’clock. 8. The passengers ……….. deck were waving goodbye ……….. their
friends ……….. the pier. 9. She leaned ……….. the rail to watch the rising sun. 10. He was a good mixer
and knew everyone ……….. board. 11. There were only two bunks ……….. the cabin, so we had nobody to
share our cabin ……….. . 12. It is the porter who usually carries the passenger’s luggage ……….. the
Customs house ……….. an inspection. 13. Dutiable articles not paid ……….. ……….. the spot during a
customs inspection are left ……….. care ……….. the Customs house. 14. The plane was delayed ………..
……….. heavy head winds. 15. I was lucky to get tickets ……….. the fast train ……….. Moscow.
14. Find Russian equivalents to the following words and phrases and use them in the sentences of your own:
1) to book tickets in advance; 2) departure lounge; 3) to pack things; 4) waiting-room; 5) berth; 6) prohibited
articles; 7) through train; 8) single bedroom; 9) life-boat; 10) light house; 11) on schedule; 12) receptionist.
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15a). Fill in the gaps with the following words:
sail round exciting vacation wrong pick summer try
far flight home beaches climbing fine down (2) Square
Where shall we go for our ……………. vacation?

Europe or Asia or closer to ……………. ?
We could ……………. the Bahamas or maybe Jamaica
Go ……………. the UK, or Denmark or Spain.
We could ……………. the Pacific or even Lake Como
Or go …………... the Yangtze as ……………. as Shanghai.
Or maybe we ought to try something …………….
Like ……………. Mount Fuji or crossing the Alps.
I’ve got a suggestion: what’s ………... with New York?
We could see Brooklyn Bridge and sit in Times …………….,
Watch a movie on Broadway and walk ……………. Fifth Avenue.
Central Park’s great if the weather stays ……………..
Then we’ll ……………. up a taxi from Grand Central Station
To JFK Airport and catch our ……………. home.
That’s what I’d like for my summer ……………. –
No mountains or ……………. but plenty of fun!
b) Listen to and read the 'jazz chant', paying attention to the rhythm.
c) Put the following places into the correct column in the chart. Find an example (or examples) from the 'jazz
chant' for each place:
continents republics or unions of states countries cities / towns roads / streets / avenues
groups of islands single islands mountain ranges single mountains
oceans or seas rivers lakes squares bridges parks airports stations
with the without the
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d) Complete the gaps in the holiday advertisement with the if it is necessary:
WINTER BREAKS WITH SUNSPOT HOLIDAYS
Visit (1) …..... Australia!
• Spend the first three days in (2) …..... Sydney.
• See (3) …..... Sydney Harbour Bridge.
• Go shopping in (4) …..... George Street.
• Visit (5) …..... Blue Mountains, just outside the city.
• Then go north to (6) …..... Whitsunday Islands and
practise your diving in (7) …..... Pacific Ocean.
• Finally, see the crocodiles from the film Crocodile
Dundee in (8) …..... Kakadu National Park.
This is a once in a lifetime offer!
Fourteen days that you’ll never forget.
Call 010 600 4000 now.
16. Choose the word or phrase given below to complete the sentences:
smuggling chambermaid altitude special tag life-boats go by plane double bedroom
go through stateroom life-belts stays pick up speed leave my suitcase
1. As accommodation for a trip to Helsinki by boat is impossible to get we shall have to …………………. .
2. Where is the left-luggage office here, I wonder. I want to …………………. there for some time. 3. They
tied a …………………. on my handbag after they had weighed it. 4. As soon as the passengers had taken
their seats the plane began to …………………. . 5. We flew at an …………………. of 3000 m. 6. I want to
reserve a …………………. with a bath for a week. 7. When my husband comes to London he always
…………………. at the Hilton Hotel. 8. If I need some extra blankets or pillows in the hotel I call a
…………………. . 9. I don’t know why but I am a little bit nervous when I …………………. the Customs.
10. Every passenger ship has got …………………. and …………………. . 11. I would like to know if there
is any difference in the price of a …………………. and a cabin. 12. …………………. is an offence
punishable by law.
17. Find a word or expression from the box that matches each description below:
B&B camp-site caravan cruise guesthouse holiday camp
package holiday self-catering tent timeshare youth hostel
1) canvas or nylon structure that you pitch and then sleep in
2) almost everything is paid for in advance
3) place where you sleep and have breakfast but no evening meal
4) buying an annual right to holiday accommodation for part of the year
5) place where you can pitch your tent to sleep in
6) holiday on a ship calling in at different ports
7) simple, cheap accommodation aimed largely at young people
8) a convenient way of taking your own holiday accommodation with you and parking it
where you wish
9) you rent a flat or house and do your own cooking and cleaning
10) a simple hotel, usually family-run
11) a place offering accommodation and lots of entertainment and activities for all generations
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18a). Match the following words with their definitions.
1) trip a) is used to talk about travelling a long distance or travelling regularly,
when the emphasis is on the travelling itself;
2) travel b) a journey for pleasure, during which you visit several different towns, areas etc;
3) journey c) is used when you go on a short journey, or a journey you do not usually make,
and come back again, or when the emphasis is on where you are going or
why you are going there;
4) cruise d) a journey by air;
5) tour e) a long sea journey;
6) voyage f) is used to mean the general activity of moving from place to place;
7) flight g) a holiday on a large ship or a journey by boat for pleasure.
b) Put each of the following words in its correct place in the passage below. Some words must be used
more than once:
trip travel journey cruise tour voyage flight
1. For general advice about ………………….. , go to a travel agent.
2. One day I would like to do the ………………….. by train and ship across Russia to Japan.
3. We’re going on a ………………….. of Europe, visiting 11 countries in five weeks.
4. We went on a three-week ………………….. round the Mediterranean. The ship called at Venice,
Athens, Istanbul and Alexandria.
5. He once went by ship to Australia. The ………………….. took 3 weeks.
6. I’m going on a business ………………….. to Paris next weekend.
7. Air France ………………….. 507 from Paris to New York will be taking off in ten minutes
8. The ………………….. from Heathrow Airport to the centre of London takes about 45 minutes by
underground.
9. On our first day in New York we went on a three-hour ………………….. of the city by bus, which
showed us the main sights.
10. During our stay in Paris we went on a day ………………….. to Disneyland.

1) a hotel and a bed and breakfast place 3) tour operator and a travel agent
2) seasick, airsick and carsick 4) at sea and at the seaside
20. Put one of the following prepositions in each space in the sentences below:
in at by on
1. We went ……… car. 4. She arrived ……… Rome at midnight.
2. We went ……… John’s car. 5. She arrived ……… the hotel.
3. We went ……… a journey.
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21. Which is the odd one out? Explain why:
1) to be stranded to take off to be delayed to be wrecked;
2) docker helicopter steward captain;
3) cockpit steering wheel nose wings;
4) engine-room joystick bridge deck;
5) liner ferry jet yacht;
6) to swerve to overtake to drive to land.
22. What is the word that matches each of these definitions? Choose from the words in the box:
aisle back brakes bunk cabin flight

overtake runway starboard supersonic crew
1) a bedroom on a ship 7) travelling faster than sound

2) a bed in a ship 8) track where planes land and take off
3) people who work on a ship 9) right on a boat (not left)
4) a journey by air 10) to pass another car
5) use these to stop a car 11) another word meaning reverse a car
6) corridor in a plane
23. Fill in the articles a/an/the/zero (–) where necessary:

1. They usually go by …..... air, but this time they decided to go by …..... sea. 2. Тhеу bought …..... tickets
and travelled all through …..... night to Calais. 3. They were in …..... time to go on …..... board ...….. ship
waiting at …..... quay. 4. They went straight down to …..... restaurant for …..... breakfast. 5. They saw that
…..... coast of France was disappearing and ahead were …..... white cliffs of Dover. 6. They joined ….....
many passengers who were leaning on …..... rails watching …..... English coast. 7. It seemed much more
exciting than getting off …..... plane at …..... London Airport. 8. At …..... entrance to …..... Customs
Office their passports were checked. 9. …….. officer did not ask them to open their cases and in ….....
minute they were through …..... gate, on …..... platform and seated on …..... London train.
24. Match the following words and phrases with their Russian equivalents and use them in the sentences of
your own:
1) suburban train а) носильщик
2) luggage van b) вагон
3) voyage с) провожать
4) harbour d) прибытие
5) carriage e) багажный вагон
6) checkout f) место в плацкартном вагоне
7) porter g) морское путешествие
8) arrival h) попадать под ограничение
9) see smb. off i) выписаться (из гостиницы)
10) reserved seat j) гавань
11) fall under restrictions k) пригородный поезд
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off the beaten track hitch-hiking leisure off-peak travel agents peak
cut-price tickets youth hostels resort package holiday
People have more money and more (a) ………………….. nowadays and even young people can afford to
go abroad. Many (b) ………………….. offer cheap (c) ………………….. for flights to all parts of the
world, so youngsters can avoid the crowded, well-known places and get to less famous areas which are
(d) …………………... . Instead of using public transport and hotels, they can travel by
(e) ……………….. and stay at (f) ………………….. . But most people prefer some kind of
(g) ………………….. at a popular holiday (h) ………………….. , which means that everything is arranged
for you and the price you pay includes transport, food and accommodation. Try to avoid taking your
holiday during the busy (i) ………………….. tourist season. It’s more crowded and expensive. If possible,
go in the quieter (j) ………………….. period.

1. В каком аэропорту приземляются самолеты из Гамбурга? 2. Когда я приехал в аэропорт, то понял,
что опоздал. Все пассажиры были уже на борту, и самолёт выруливал (to taxi) на взлётную полосу.
3. Эти три места мы сдадим в багаж в трюм, остальные возьмём с собой в каюту. 4. Это судно
заходит в какие-нибудь порты по пути в Киль? 5. Трап был поднят; пассажиры стояли на палубе и
махали родственникам и друзьям, которые пришли проводить их. 6. Поезд идёт по расписанию и
прибудет в Петербург минута в минуту. 7. К сожалению, моя жена заболела, и нам пришлось
отменить предварительный заказ на билеты. 8. Мои чемоданы были очень тяжёлые, поэтому мне
пришлось взять носильщика на железнодорожном вокзале. 9. У вас есть свободные двухместные
номера с ванной и холодильником? 10. Заполните этот регистрационный бланк, пожалуйста, и не
забудьте расписаться внизу. 11. В номере было довольно прохладно, поэтому я попросил
горничную принести ещё одно одеяло. 12. Как долго вы собираетесь пробыть в нашей гостинице?
Укажите, пожалуйста, дату приезда и предполагаемую дату отъезда. 13. Среди моих личных вещей
нет ничего, что подлежало бы обложению пошлиной. 14. Осмотрите, пожалуйста, как можно
быстрее мой багаж. Мой самолёт взлетает через 30 минут. 15. Во всех странах контрабандный
провоз запрещённых товаров через границу является преступлением. 16. Я заполнил таможенную
декларацию и подошёл к таможенному инспектору для осмотра багажа. 17. Я люблю
путешествовать налегке и поэтому обычно беру с собой в поездки только самые необходимые вещи.
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27a) Look at the leaflet below. What is it for? What other places have leaflets like this?
b) Match the following headings to the correct section of the leaflet above. Why are the headings made
in the form of questions? Think of questions for the other four sections:
Who are the trainers?
What if I don’t have much free time?
How long do I have to join for?
What other facilities are there?
A DIFFERENT WAY TO GET FIT FOR LIFE
1. ……………………………………………….….
Unlike other centres, Fit as a Fiddle allocates a personal trainer to every
member. Your trainer will help you to set goals and build up an individualised
exercise programme. You don’t even have to go to the gym – your trainer can
provide you with an exercise video to use at home, if that suits you better.
2. ……………………………………………….….
All our trainers are qualified instructors who have a minimum of five years’
experience in personal training. Their aim is to motivate and give help and
advice, in a friendly ‘family’ atmosphere.
3. ……………………………………………….….
No problem! You are exactly the kind of person our centres are designed for. We can give you a short
programme to ease you gently back into exercise and help you to make it a regular part of your life.
4. ……………………………………………….….
Even if you can only spare half an hour twice a week, we will find the most beneficial way for you to
use it. Most of our centres have ‘early bird’ openings three or four times a week when they open at 7
a.m., so you could easily fit in half an hour in the gym before work.
5. ……………………………………………….….
Yes, we can. Every centre has a nutrition expert who can design a diet for you, based on your needs and
lifestyle, or simply give you advice about healthy eating and help you to change bad dietary habits for
ever.
6. ……………………………………………….….
Other facilities include: a daily timetable of fitness classes such as aerobics, kick boxing and yoga,
treatments such as massage and physiotherapy, a sauna and steam room, a range of healthy
refreshments.
7. ……………………………………………….….
You can join for as little as four weeks to start with. We have a range of membership deals from one
month to a year.
8. ……………………………………………….….
To find out where your nearest centre is, visit our website at fitasafiddle.com or give us a call on 0800
2312000.
c) Complete these tips for writing leaflets using the words and phrases below:
too complex layout bullet points stand out sentences
long blocks of prose general to the specific
1. The …………………………. should be visually attractive.
2. It is a good idea to use …………………………. , illustrations, colours, etc.
3. The language should not be …………………………. .
4. …………………………. should be avoided.
5. Headings should …………………………. .
6. …………………………. should be quite short.
7. The information given should move from the …………………………. .
d) Write your own leaflet for any place of interest in your area or abroad.
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*28a) Match the following words with their Russian equivalents.
1) warily a) исследовать, изучать, осматривать
2) put one’s foot down b) безмятежно, невозмутимо
3) survey c) надувная лодка
4) Li-Lo d) грызть, щипать, покусывать
5) candy floss e) ущипнуть, тяпнуть (о собаке)
6) inflatable dinghy f) вздремнуть
7) scuba equipment g) нелепый
8) water slide h) прибой
9) serenely i) сладкая вата
10) preposterous j) снаряжение для подводного плавания
11) nibble k) подозрительно, настороженно
12) surf l) занять твёрдую позицию, решительно воспротивиться
13) whimper m) конференция
14) have a nap n) фирменное название надувных резиновых матрацев
15) convention o) смола, дёготь
16) exhibit p) экспонат
17) nip q) водяная горка
18) tar r) хныкать, ныть
28b) Work with a partner. List all the things that might spoil a typical day at the seaside.
28c) Read the article by Bill Bryson. Does he mention any of the things you listed in ex.28b?
A DAY AT THE SEASIDE
Every year, about this time, my wife wakes me up with a playful slap and says, 'I've got an idea. Let's
drive for three hours to the ocean, take off most of our clothes and sit on some sand for a whole day.'
'What for?' I will say warily.
'It will be fun,' she will insist.
'I don't think so,' I will reply. 'People find it disturbing when I take my shirt off in public. I find it
disturbing.'
'No, it will be great. We'll get sand in our hair. We'll get sand in our shoes. We'll get sand in our
sandwiches and then in our mouths. We'll get sunburned and windburned. And when we get tired of sitting,
we can have a paddle in water so cold it actually hurts. At the end of the day, we'll set off at the same time as
37,000 other people and get in such a traffic jam that we won't get home till midnight. I can make interesting
observations about your driving skills, and the children can pass the time sticking each other with sharp
objects. It will be such fun.'
The tragic thing is that because my wife is English, and therefore beyond the reach of reason where
saltwater is concerned, she really will think it's fun. Frankly, I have never understood the British attachment
to the seaside.
So when, last weekend, my wife suggested that we take a drive to the sea, I put my foot down and said,
'Never – absolutely not,' which is of course why we ended up, three hours later, at Kennebunk Beach in
Maine.
On arrival, our youngest – I'll call him Jimmy in case he should one day become a lawyer – surveyed the
scene and said, 'OK, Dad, here's the situation. I need an ice cream, a Li-Lo, a deluxe bucket and spade set, a
hot dog, some candy floss, an inflatable dinghy, scuba equipment, my own water slide, a cheese pizza with
extra cheese and a toilet.'
'They don't have those things here, Jimmy,' I chuckled.
'I really need the toilet.'
I reported this to my wife.
'Then you'll have to take him to Kennebunkport,' she said serenely from beneath a preposterous sun hat.
By the time we found a toilet, little Jimmy didn't need to go any more, so we returned to the beach. By the
time we got there, some hours later, I discovered that everyone had gone off for a swim, and there was only
one half-eaten sandwich left. I sat on a towel and nibbled at the sandwich.
'Oh look, Mummy,' said number two daughter gaily when they emerged from the surf a few minutes later.
'Daddy's eating the sandwich the dog had.'
'Tell me this isn't happening,' I began to whimper.
'Don't worry, dear,' my wife said soothingly, 'It was an Irish setter. They're very clean.'
I don't remember much after that. I just had a little nap and woke to find that Jimmy was burying me up to
my chest in sand – which was fine, except that he had started at my head – and I managed to get so
sunburned that a dermatologist invited me to a convention in Cleveland the following week as an exhibit.
We lost the car keys for two hours, the Irish setter came back and stole one of the beach towels, then
nipped me on the hand for eating his sandwich and number two daughter got tar in her hair. It was a typical
day at the seaside, in other words.
'Lovely,' said my wife. 'We must do that again soon.'
And the heartbreaking thing is she really meant it.
147
28d) Look at the text again and decide which of the following statements are true and which are false.
Compare your answers with a partner.
1. The author ...
a) enjoys the prospect of a day on the beach.
b) isn't very proud of his body.
c) doesn't get bad sunburn.
2. The author's wife ...
a) is looking forward to a day on the beach.
b) doesn't usually get her own way.
c) says that Irish setters are very clean.
3. The author's youngest child ...
a) is very demanding.
b) is called Jimmy.
c) needed to go to the toilet.
28e) Use the following words to complete the questions and answer them. You may need to make some
changes.
have a paddle slap put one’s foot down inflatable dinghy
dermatologist tar nip have a nap
1. What would you use to remove ………………..………. from the bottom of your feet?
2. What qualifications do you think are necessary to become a ………………..………. ?
3. When was the last time you ………………..………. in the sea?
4. Have you ever had to pump up a Li-Lo or an ………………..………. ?
5. Has a dog ever ………………..………. you on the leg?
6. When you were a kid, in what sort of situations would your teacher ………………..………. and not
allow you to do something?
7. Under what circumstances would you give somebody a ………………..………. on the back?
8. Do you know anyone who always ………………..………. after lunch?
28f) The following is a brief summary of the text on page 147. Put the lines of the summary in the correct
order.
( ) a) me that I'd have to take him to Kennebunkport, miles away. On return I was
hungry but lost my appetite when my daughter casually mentioned
( 1 ) b) Every year, about the same time, my wife would wake up and announce
( ) c) that I couldn't imagine anything worse, she always reassured
( ) d) me to go, and three hours later we arrived at the beach. Almost immediately, my son insisted
( ) e) driving all the way to the ocean. When I explained
( 2 ) f) that she had an idea. She'd suggest
( ) g) on going to the toilet. Too busy sunbathing, my wife calmly informed
( ) h) that, as we'd all had such a good time, we should do it again soon!
( ) i) that I was eating the sandwich the dog had had. The dog then bit me, we lost the car keys
and I ended up with severe sunburn. So imagine the shock when my wife suggested
( ) j) me that we'd have a great time. This particular year, it didn't take her long to persuade
28g) Think of a family holiday you went on when you were a child. You are going to tell your partner about
it. Choose from the list below the things you want to talk about. Think about what you are going to say
and how you are going to say it.
 Where did you go?  Where did you stay?
 Who chose the holiday destination?  How did you spend your time there?
 Was it the first time you'd been there  Did everybody have a good time
or had you been there before? or was there somebody who didn't
 Who went on this holiday with you? enjoy the holiday very much?
 How did you get there?  Have you been back to the same place
 Was it a good place for a holiday?  since you were a child?
148
LISTENING 1. YOUR DREAM WEEKEND
1.1. Match the following words with their Russian equivalents.
1) oriental a) храм
2) bullet train b) предназначенный для туристов
3) sweatshirt c) усыпальница, алтарь, храм, святыня
4) slip-on shoes d) ошеломляющий
5) temple e) хлопчатобумажная спортивная кофта
6) touristy f) место назначения
7) gadget g) легко снимаемая и надеваемая обувь без шнурков
8) shrine h) сверхскоростной пассажирский экспресс (в Японии)
9) stunning i) восточный
10) destination j) устройство
II. LISTENING AND COMPREHENSION TASK

2.1. Three people were asked to imagine they could spend a dream weekend anywhere in the world. Listen
to their answers to the following questions. Each time there is a pause, guess where the person would
like to go.
Questions Speaker 1 Speaker 2 Speaker 3
Who would your ideal companion be?
How would you get around?
What would you wear?
What would you buy?
What would you eat and drink?
What essential items would you take with you?
Who would you most like to meet there?
What sights would you want to see?
Who would you send a postcard to?
What would spoil your perfect weekend?
Speaker 1 would like to go to ………………………………. .

Imagine your own dream weekend. Choose from
the list of questions in ex. 2.1 the things you want
to write about.
149
LISTENING 2. AN UNFORGETTABLE HOLIDAY
LISTENING 2. AN UNFORGETTABLE HOLIDAY
1) jet ski a) трущоба, свалка
1) jet ski a) трущоба, свалка
2) to go clubbing b) отвратительный, омерзительный, противный
2) to go clubbing b) отвратительный, омерзительный, противный
3) high-rise c) оторвавшийся от земли; находящийся в воздухе
3) high-rise c) оторвавшийся от земли; находящийся в воздухе
4) dump d) ходить по клубам
4) dump d) ходить по клубам
5) ancient e) молиться
5) ancient e) молиться
6) airborne f) отвратительный; отталкивающий
6) airborne f) отвратительный; отталкивающий
7) to pray g) (здесь) проверять
7) to pray g) (здесь) проверять
8) disgusting h) быть избалованным чем-то
8) disgusting h) быть избалованным чем-то
9) revolting i) высотный; многоэтажный
9) revolting i) высотный; многоэтажный
10) to check out j) потрясающий
10) to check out j) потрясающий
11) to be spoilt for k) древний, старинный, старый
11) to be spoilt for k) древний, старинный, старый
12) tremendous l) водный мотоцикл
12) tremendous l) водный мотоцикл

2.1. Listen to six people talking about their holidays. Decide if they enjoyed their holiday or not.
2.1. Listen to six people talking about their holidays. Decide if they enjoyed their holiday or not.
Put  or  in the box.
Put  or  in the box.
1 2 3 4 5 6
1 2 3 4 5 6
2.2. Listen again and match a topic from the box below to each of the speakers.
2.2. Listen again and match a topic from the box below to each of the speakers.
Topic Speaker
Topic Speaker
entertainment _____________
entertainment _____________
food _____________
food _____________
hotel _____________
hotel _____________
journey _____________
journey _____________
price _____________
price _____________
weather _____________
weather _____________
150
150
2.3. Decide if the following sentences are true (T) or false (F).
1 a) They didn’t like the restaurants or excursions.
b) They ran out of money.
2.3. 2Decide if the
a) The following
holiday sentences
was very tiring.are true (T) or false (F).
1 a)
b) They sometimes slept during theorday.
They didn’t like the restaurants excursions.
3 b)
a) They ran out
The food wasofdisgusting.
money.
2 a)
b) The
The waiters werevery
holiday was verytiring.
friendly.
4 b)
a) They sometimes
The plane slept
was only during
a little the day.
late.
3 a)
b) The
Theyfood wasthe
missed disgusting.
train.
5 a) They didn’t enjoyvery
b) The waiters were theirfriendly.
first meal.
4 a)
b) The
The plane was only
restaurants a little
in the townlate.
were very good.
b) They missed the train.
6 a) They were unhappy about the snow.
5 a)
b) They didn’t enjoy
The weather theirbetter
had been first meal.
the previous year.
b) The restaurants in the town were very good.
III. 6FOLLOW-UP
a) They wereACTIVITY
unhappy about the snow.
b) The weather had been better the previous year.
Speak about the best or the worst holiday in your life.

Speak about the best or the worst holiday in your life.
151
151
LISTENING 3. THE TICKET INSPECTOR
1.1. Match the following words and phrases with their definitions.
1) steward a) a cartoon character invented by Walt Disney. He is the most
famous of all Disney’s characters and is often used as a symbol
of the Disney organization;
2) waiter b) an official whose job is to check that something is satisfactory
and that rules are being obeyed;
3) passenger c) (1564-1616) an English writer of plays and poems, born in
Stratford-on-Avon in England, who most people regard as the
greatest of all English writers;
4) inspector d) (1818-83) a German writer and political philosopher whose
ideas have had an important influence on politics in the 20th cent.
He established the principles of communism in The Communist
Manifesto, which he wrote with Friedrich Engels in 1848;
5) Mickey Mouse e) (1812-70) a British writer whose novels made him the most
popular British writer of the 19th century, and are still very
popular today. His books contain humorous characters with
unusual names, many of whom have become very well known;
6) Karl Marx f) a person who serves you in a restaurant;
7) William Shakespeare g) a man whose job is to take care of passengers on a ship, an
aircraft or a train and who brings them meals, etc.;
8) Charles Dickens h) someone who is travelling in a vehicle, plane, boat etc., but is
not driving it or working on it.

2.1. Listen to the text and answer the following questions.
1. Did the passenger want coffee?
2. Did he have a ticket?
3. Was it a first or second-class compartment?
4. Why did the passenger mention the Queen?
5. Why did the ticket inspector say ‘Mine’?
6. What was the passenger’s name?
7. Why did the ticket inspector want to write down the passenger’s name?
8. Did the passenger buy a ticket?
9. Why did he leave the train?
10. Who was happier at the end?
152
2.2. Read this text about the sketch. Say which of the sentences are true and which are false. If a
2.2. Read this text about the sketch. Say which of the sentences are true and which are false. If a
sentence is false, say why.
sentence is false, say why.
The passenger was talking on the mobile phone, when the steward came into the
The passenger was talking on the mobile phone, when the steward came into the
compartment. He had some coffee, but did not go to the dining-car for dinner. He was
compartment. He had some coffee, but did not go to the dining-car for dinner. He was
travelling in a first-class compartment, but he did not have a first-class ticket. He only had a
travelling in a first-class compartment, but he did not have a first-class ticket. He only had a
second-class ticket. He told the ticket inspector that he was a famous person, and so he never
second-class ticket. He told the ticket inspector that he was a famous person, and so he never
bought a ticket. The ticket inspector wrote his name in his book, and told him to leave the
bought a ticket. The ticket inspector wrote his name in his book, and told him to leave the
train. At the next station, the passenger got off the train, very angry.
train. At the next station, the passenger got off the train, very angry.
2.3. Word Puzzle

2.3. Word Puzzle
When all the vertical columns are filled, the letters in the box will spell a word – a part of a train.
When all the vertical columns are filled, the letters in the box will spell a word – a part of a train.
All the words were used in the text.
All the words were used in the text.
1. When you travel on a train, you must buy a …………………….. .

1. When you travel on a train, you must buy a …………………….. .
2. The ticket inspector wanted to write the man’s name in his …………………….. .
2. The ticket inspector wanted to write the man’s name in his …………………….. .
3. At first the man said his surname was …………………….. .
3. At first the man said his surname was …………………….. .
4. Someone who inspects tickets is a ticket …………………….. .
4. Someone who inspects tickets is a ticket …………………….. .
5. When the …………….. came into the compartment, the man said he didn’t want any coffee.
5. When the …………….. came into the compartment, the man said he didn’t want any coffee.
6. The man was sitting in a ……………..-…………….. compartment.
6. The man was sitting in a ……………..-…………….. compartment.
7. The …………………….. told the man about the seats for dinner.
7. The …………………….. told the man about the seats for dinner.
8. The second surname the man gave was …………………….. .
8. The second surname the man gave was …………………….. .
9. The man didn't buy a ticket, because they were very …………………….. .
9. The man didn't buy a ticket, because they were very …………………….. .
10. The …………………….. left the train very happily.
10. The …………………….. left the train very happily.
11. He was happy because he got off at his …………………….. .
11. He was happy because he got off at his …………………….. .
153
153
3.1. Writing regulations
The ticket inspector mentioned ‘the book’ – the book of regulations about railway passengers.
In the book, there are regulations like this:
3.1. Writing regulations
Passengers
The must have
ticket inspector a valid ‘the
mentioned ticket.
book’ – the book of regulations about railway passengers.
In the book, there are regulations like this:
Write ten more regulations, using these patterns:
Passengers must have a valid ticket.
Passengers must (not) ………………….. .
Write ten more regulations,
If passengers ………………….. using these patterns:
, they must ………………….. .
Passengers must (not) ………………….. .

If passengers
3.2. What ………………….. , they must ………………….. .
Do You Think?
Jobs
In pairs, take the parts of:
3.2. What Do You Think?
a) a ticket inspector, a traffic policeman or a park-keeper,
Jobs
b) an interviewer.
In pairs, take the parts of:
If (a), decide on five good things and five bad things about your job.
a) a ticket inspector, a traffic policeman or a park-keeper,
If (b), think of five questions to ask (a) about their job. Then ask and answer.
b) an interviewer.
If (a), decide on five good things and five bad things about your job.
If (b), think of five questions to ask (a) about their job. Then ask and answer.
154
154
REFERENCES
1. Case D., Wilson K. Off-Stage! Sketches from the English Teaching Theatre. – London:
Heinemann Educational Books, 1979.
2. Cunningham S., Moor P. Cutting Edge: Intermediate. – Longman, 2000.
3. Cunningham S., Moor P. New Cutting Edge: Pre-Intermediate. – Longman, 2005.
4. Kay S., Jones V. Inside Out: Intermediate. – Macmillan, 2000.
5. McCarthy M., O'Dell F. English Idioms in Use: Upper Intermediate. – Cambridge: CUP, 2002.
6. McCarthy M., O'Dell F. English Vocabulary in Use: Upper Intermediate. – Cambridge: CUP, 2001.
7. Nolasco R. Listening: Elementary. – OUP, 1987.
8. Prodromou L. First Certificate Star. – Macmillan Heinemann, 1998.
9. Redman S. English Vocabulary in Use: Pre-intermediate. – Cambridge: CUP, 2001.
10. Wellman G. Wordbuilder. – Heinemann, 1992.
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Одеський національний університет

ім. І.І. Мечникова

Module 1. Family Circle ………………………………………………..……… 4

eyes nose ears face

VI. Choose a face type that best describes:

a) oval b) round c) long d) square

a) almond b) slanting c) round d) narrow

a) aquiline b) hooked c) straight d) upturned

a) protruding b) split c) double d) pointed

a) thin b) plump c) thick d) heart-shaped

a) wrinkled b) narrow c)balding d) high

4. Complete the dialogue:

5. Give definitions of the following words:

easy-going old-fashioned well-meaning absent-minded big-headed

14. Match the words in the box with their definitions.

polite kind gentle respectable respectful

- not rough or violent

16. Tell your partner who the:

e.g.: Your head line is strong, which means you're a

18b. Make up a situation illustrating one of the sayings given above.

1 cuff breast pocket tucked lanky bowler hat

2 grin trainers skinny plain casually

3 expression bare-headed hips buckle strongly-built

4 bow clasped slender wavy parted

5 folded side-burns baggy braces thirtyish

23. What would you think of a person who says:

Now, who might say which of the following statements?

III. FOLLOW-UP ACTIVITIES

2. Listen to the recording and give answers to the following questions.

II. LISTENING AND COMPREHENSION TASKS

III. LANGUAGE FOCUS AND AUDITORY MEMORY CHECK

IV. FOLLOW-UP ACTIVITIES

II. LISTENING AND COMPREHENSION TASKS

III. FOLLOW-UP ACTIVITY

II. LISTENING AND COMPREHENSION TASKS

III. FOLLOW-UP ACTIVITY

a man of sixty шестидесятилетний come of age достичь

4. What stage of life are these people at?

7. Fill in prepositions if necessary:

8. Translate the following sentences into English:

9. Draw your family tree and give a detailed description of it.

Ageism1 turned her into a liar

II. Her: Actually there

II. LISTENING AND COMPREHENSION TASKS

II. LISTENING AND COMPREHENSION TASK:

III. FOLLOW-UP ACTIVITY:

I. LISTENING AND COMPREHENSION TASKS:

2. Listen again. Mark the statements true (T) or false (F).

II. FOLLOW-UP ACTIVITIES:

physical exercise mental exercise thinking positively

'I'm 89 years old. I 'I'll be 85 on my

date approve go out relationship drift apart

4. Match the following phrases with their equivalents:

boyfriends experience face kiss love marriage youth

a) There were three of us in the ………….. so it was a bit crowded.

7b) Now match the quotations above to these famous women:

WEDDING TRADITIONS IN GERMANY

FRENCH WEDDING TRADITIONS

II. LISTENING AND COMPREHENSION TASK

III. AUDITORY MEMORY CHECK

IV. FOLLOW-UP ACTIVITY

II. LISTENING AND COMPREHENSION TASKS

II. LISTENING AND COMPREHENSION TASKS:

III. FOLLOW-UP ACTIVITY: