The commands described are all available on any HP-UX system.

fsadm (file system administration)

This command performs selected administration tasks on file systems. These tasks might differ between file system types. When to use When you want to perform particular tasks on a device file or a directory. Example of use To display HFS-relevant file system statistics: $ fsadm -F hfs /dev/vg02/lvol1 For more information See man fsadm.

iostat (I/O statistics)

This command reports I/O statistics for each active disk on the system. The general form of this command is: iostat [-t] [interval [count]] When to use When you want to find out kilobytes transferred per second, number of seeks per second, and milliseconds per average seek. Example of use $ iostat For more information See man iostat. ipcs (interprocess communication facilities) This command displays certain information about active interprocess communication facilities. Used without options, ipcs displays information in short format for the message queues, shared memory segments, and semaphores that are currently active in the system. When to use When you need information on shared memory, message queues, or semaphores.

Example of use To get message queue information: $ ipcs -qa For more information See man ipcs.

kcweb (kernel configuration Web tool)

The kcweb application is a combination of a command set and a Web-based graphical user interface (GUI) that perform HP-UX kernel configuration. Some commands that you use with kcweb are: kcweb, which starts the kcweb application kcusage, which you can use to query the usage of kernel resources controlled by various kernel tunables kcmond, which is a daemon that monitors the consumption of kernel resources kcalarm, which you can use to add, delete, or list kernel tunable alarms, as well as turn kernel tunable monitoring on and off kctune, used to manage kernel tunable parameters When to use Use kcweb to: Change kernel tunable values Monitor kernel resource usage for a set of supported tunables Set thresholds over which an alarm will be triggered Manage and configure dynamically loadable kernel modules (DLKMs) For more information See the training course handout HP-UX Kernel Tuning with kcweb, December 2002. See the chapter on Reconfiguring the Kernel (HP-UX 11i Version 2).

netstat (network statistics)

This command provides statistics for network interfaces and protocols, as well as the contents of various network-related data structures. It has been described as a collection of several tools lumped together. The general form of this command is: netstat [-gin] [-I interface] [interval] [system]

When to use Use this command to: display a list of active sockets for each protocol; display the contents of a other network data structure; display configuration information for each network interface. Example of use $ netstat For more information See man netstat.

nettl (network tracing and logging)

This command is used to control the network tracing and logging facility. Logging is a means of capturing network activities such as state changes, errors, and connection establishment. Tracing is used to capture or take a snapshot of inbound and outbound packets going through the network, as well as loopback or header information. The general form of this command is: netstat -option When to use When you want to capture network events or packets. Example of use To display the status of the tracing/logging facility: $ nettl -status all For more information See man nettl.

sar (system activity reporter)

This command samples and averages kernel counters. It has been called one of the most effective and underrated tools for extracting CPU activity and compiling raw data on system performance. The general form of this command is: sar [-option] count [interval]

When to use When you are interested in CPU and disk utilization and balance. Example of use To watch CPU activity evolve for 5 seconds: $ sar 1 5 For more information See man sar and PPU Percent Utilization Information Verification (HP-UX)

swapinfo (system paging space information)

This command provides information about device and file system paging space. Note that HP-UX actually implements virtual memory by paging rather than swapping, but this command retain its original name. The general form of this command is: sar [-option] count [interval] When to use When you want details about device and file system paging space. Example of use List all file system paging areas with a totals line: $ swapinfo -ft For more information See man swapinfo.

top (top system processes)

This command displays the top processes on the system and periodically updates the information. Raw CPU percentage is used to rank the processes. This command provides system CPU metric summaries and process-level summaries. It samples on specified internals (the default is 5 seconds). It uses the pstat interface to extract metrics from the kernel. When to use To get a general picture about the processes that are using the CPU.

Example of use $ top For more information See man top.

vmstat (virtual memory statistics)

This command provides statistics by sampling and averaging kernel counters. The general form of this command is: vmstat [-option] [interval[count]] When to use When you want particular statistics about process, virtual memory, trap, and CPU activity. This command is particularly useful for memory usage and activity. Example of use $ vmstat For more information See man vmstat.