CONV RUSSIAN Unit by Unit 569p+ (W+Bookmarks)

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Unit Noun
3.1 Gender of noun
1. Russian nouns can be masculine, feminine or neuter.
masculine feminine neuter
consonant / -й / -ь -а / -я / -ия / -ь -о / -е / -ие

ол ла е а о о
о ай з е оре
а о о иль Ро е е
очь
2. Soft sign ending is shared between masculine and feminine gender (often they are
naturally feminine or masculine). If you doubt - please look at the dictionary and
memorize the gender of a noun.
царь (tsar) - masculine
дочь (daughter) - feminine
3. Masculine (natural meaning is masculine)
дед ш а, дяд , чи а, а а
ле а др → аша (diminutive of some Russian names)
офе (exception)
4. Neuter
Neuter nouns with feminine endings:
рем - time, лем - tribe
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UNIT 3.1 Упражнен
1. Define the gender of the nouns below:
gender gender
аши а car masc. елефо phone
ол table ро а ь bed
о ью ер computer р ч а pen
и ер е internet о о window
х я kitchen и о movie
оо ще ие message че и textbook
до house е радь copybook
о cat о а а dog
2. Define the gender (grammatical) of the countries below:
gender gender
Бразилия Brazil fem. И а ия Spain
Ки ай Chine Бель ия Belgium
Е и е Egypt Т рция Turkey
Ка ада Canada Гр зия Georgia
Ур ай Uruguay И дия India
Фра ция France Израиль Israel
Гер а ия Germany Таила д Thailand
Па и а Pakistan ралия Australia
3. Define the gender of the highlighted nouns.
1) Ты рочи ал оё п сьмо (neut.)? Did you read my letter?

2) Э о ой кот (_____)? Is this your cat?
3) У е яе ь ра ая маш на (_____). I have a red car.
4) Я лю лю суп (_____). I like soup.
5) Я ил о ый телефон(_____). I bought a new phone.
6) Э о ой дедушка (_____). This is my grandfather.
7) М е ра и я э а песн (_____)! I like this song!
8) Э а планета (_____) о и ае ая! This planet is inhabited!
4. Define the gender of the nouns:

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дере о ро а ь ород
ре а яйцо до
5. Define the gender of the fallowing nouns:
gender gender
а а glass masc. о едель и Monday
ли а plum fem. ол table
алец finger е а wall
ил а fork х о tail
фир а company о а Saturday
о cat ор cake
о ь bone ды fog
а ель и orange оро а cow
6. Define the gender of the nouns.
1) Я оче ь лю лю в ноград (____). I like grapes a lot.

2) Я о и аю э о текст (____). I understand this text.
3) У е яе ь хта (____). I have a yacht.
4) Ка ая ра и ая песн (____)! Such a beautiful song!
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5) Мале ь ий автобус (____). A small bus.
6) О а оя подруга (____). She is my friend.
7) О ольше е ой друг (____). He is not my friend anymore
8) Я ашёл ключ (____)! `
7. Put the nouns in the right column.
а ь mother е ро metro х до и artist/painter

ица bird ч о feeling лошадь horse
а олё plane орло throat оро е ое ice-cream
а а а pineapple л и а strawberry и а back
цер о ь church о knife од year
и о wine лицо face ар и artist
а august оло а head и о bear
1) Э о е о дро д (____), о оро о ы

It is not the droid you are looking for.
ищи е.
2) Моя планета (____) - Та и . My planet is Tatuin.
3) Моя собака (____) - а шедшая. My dog is crazy.
4) Да и кот (____) о е чо ый... And the cat is nuts, too...
5) Во о , свет (____) очей оих Here is he, the apple of my eye.
6) Пища (____) для а. Food for thought.
7) Большая груша (____). A big pear.
8) е ий сыр (____). Fresh cheese.
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UNIT 3.1 Ответы
1. Define the gender of the nouns below:
gender gender
аши а car masc. елефо phone masc.
ол table masc. ро а ь bed fem.
о ью ер computer masc. р ч а pen fem.
и ер е internet masc. о о window neut.
х я kitchen fem. и о movie neut.
оо ще ие message neut. че и textbook masc.
до house masc. е радь copybook fem.
о cat masc. о а а dog fem.
2. Define the gender (grammatical) of the countries below:
gender gender
Бразилия Brazil fem. И а ия Spain fem.
Ки ай Chine masc. Бель ия Belgium fem.
Е и е Egypt masc. Т рция Turkey fem.
Ка ада Canada fem. Гр зия Georgia fem.
Ур ай Uruguay masc. И дия India fem.
Фра ция France fem. Израиль Israel masc.
Гер а ия Germany fem. Таила д Thailand masc.
Па и а Pakistan masc. ралия Australia fem.
3. Define the gender of the highlighted nouns.
1) Ты рочи ал оё п сьмо (neut.)? Did you read my letter?

2) Э о ой кот (masc.)? Is this your cat?
3) У е яе ь ра ая маш на (fem.). I have a red car.
4) Я лю лю суп (masc.). I like soup.
5) Я ил о ый телефон (masc.). I bought a new phone.
6) Э о ой дедушка (masc.). This is my grandfather.
7) М е ра и я э а песн (fem.)! I like this song!
8) Э а планета (fem.) о и ае ая! This planet is inhabited!

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дере о ро а ь ород
neut. fem. masc.
ре а яйцо до
fem. neut. masc.
5. Define the gender of the fallowing nouns:
gender gender
а а glass masc. о едель и Monday masc.
ли а plum fem. ол table masc.
алец finger masc. е а wall fem.
ил а fork fem. х о tail masc.
фир а company fem. о а Saturday fem.
о cat masc. ор cake masc.
о ь bone fem. ды fog masc.
а ель и orange masc. оро а cow fem.
6. Define the gender of the nouns.
1) Я оче ь лю лю в ноград (masc.). I like grapes a lot.

2) Я о и аю э о текст (masc.). I understand this text.
3) У е яе ь хта (fem.). I have a yacht.
4) Ка ая ра и ая песн (fem.)! Such a beautiful song!
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5) Мале ь ий автобус (masc.). A small bus.
6) О а оя подруга (fem.). She is my friend.
7) О ольше е ой друг (masc.). He is not my friend anymore
8) Я ашёл ключ (masc.)! `
7. Put the nouns in the right column.
а ь mother е ро metro х до и artist/painter

ица bird ч о feeling лошадь horse
а олё plane орло throat оро е ое ice-cream
а а а pineapple л и а strawberry и а back
цер о ь church о knife од year
и о wine лицо face ар и artist
а august оло а head и о bear

а олё а ь и о
а а а ица е ро
а цер о ь ч о
о л и а орло
х до и оло а лицо
од лошадь оро е ое
ар и и а и о
1) Э о е о дро д (masc.), о оро о ы

It is not the droid you are looking for.
ищи е.
2) Моя планета (fem.) - Та и . My planet is Tatuin.
3) Моя собака (fem.) - а шедшая. My dog is crazy.
4) Да и кот (masc.) о е чо ый... And the cat is nuts, too...
5) Во о , свет (masc.) очей оих Here is he, the apple of my eye.
6) П ща (fem.) для а. Food for thought.
7) Большая груша (fem.). A big pear.
8) е ий сыр (masc.). Fresh cheese.
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Unit
Nominative singular
3.2
1. All the nouns you see in a vocabulary are given in nominative case.
мама - mother дружба - friendship надежда - hope любовь - love
2. How to define the gender of a noun in nominative case? Right, by its ending:
consonant / -й / -ь -а / -я / -ия / -ь -о / -е / -ие

ол ла е а о о
о ай з е оре
а о о иль Ро е е
очь
3. The nominative case names the person or the thing doing the action of a verb.
Subject (nom.case) verb meaning

Я ч I learn
Мальчи чи ае The boy reads
о а а е ае The dog runs
4. No articles in Russian:
голубь - a dove, the dove
кот - a cat, the cat
5. No verb "to be" in present tense:
Subject No verb to be Meaning

Я де I (am a) student
К и а ч ая (the) book (is) boring
Маши а ра и ая (the) car (is) beautiful
6. The word order is very flexible.
The dog is running in the yard
обака е ае or е ае собака.
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1. Underline the subject of each Russian sentence:
1) Э о о ое аль о It is a new coat

2) е ий озд х Fresh air
3) Лошадь ы ро е ае A horse runs fast
4) де чи ае и A student is reading a book
5) Её ердце а ол е о лю о ью Her heart is full of love
6) Яйцо раз ило ь The egg has broken
7) У е я оли лечо My shoulder hurts
8) Дочь и рае ад Daughter is playing in the garden
2. Insert the correct word in nominative case in the following sentences:
ош а cat чи ель teacher з tooth

оль ица hospital аши а car ра brother
юри lawyer зи а winter е щи а woman
1) Э о о ая ___________ It is a new hospital

2) ___________ и A cat (female) is sleeping
3) ___________ о о и A woman is cooking
4) ___________ е оли A tooth doesn't hurt
5) ___________ о ори о елефо A lawyer is talking on the phone
6) Её ___________ ил о ю аши Her brother bought a car
7) ___________ лы ае я A teacher is smiling
8) Э а ___________ ри адле и е This car belongs to me
9) Пришла ___________ Winter has come
а spider ра ей ant а duck

а оч а butterfly ро одил crocodile а ла shark
ли а snail ли а fox ля ш а frog
1) Большой __________ е и о е е A big spider is running on the wall

2) Кра и ая __________ ле и A beautiful butterfly is flying
3) __________ д и ае я оче ь едле о A snail is moving very slow
4) __________ ла ае р д A duck in swimming in the pond
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5) Большая __________ лы ае рочь A big shark is swimming away
6) Зеле ая __________ ры ае A green frog is jumping
7) __________ рои ра ей и An ant is building an anthill
Crocodile is waiting for them in the
8) В ре е их дё __________
river
9) __________ и а ра е A fox is sleeping on the grass
х ал ер accountant е ец singer олицей ий policeman

а ёр actor оч альо postman и а ель writer
о ар cooker а и taxi driver ере одчи translator
ор е sportsman ило pilot до ор doctor
р али journalist адо и gardener чи ель teacher
1) ___________ чи ае и A teacher is reading a book

2) ___________ ьё чай A doctor is drinking tea
3) ___________ ише а ью A journalist is writing an article
4) ___________ оё е ю A singer is singing a song
5) ___________ и рае ф ол A sportsman is playing football
6) ___________ ре ир е я A policeman is training
7) ___________ о ори ди е черо A pilot is talking to a dispatcher
8) ___________ о о и о ед A cook is cooking dinner
9) ___________ едё а и A taxi driver is driving a taxi
10) ___________ даё и ь о A postman in giving the letter
11) ___________ ра о ае ад A gardener is working in the garden
A translator is reading a book in
12) ___________ чи ае и а и ай о
Chinese
An accountant is working on the
13) ___________ ра о ае за о ью еро
computer
14) ___________ чи ой е An actor is learning his lines (text)
15) ___________ и а ель ише и A writer is writing a book
5. Define the gender of the fallowing nouns (that are used in the nominative singular
case):
gender gender
о а wasp fem. ол wolf
чела bee е ица caterpillar
орёл eagle ле едь swan
з ея snake оро ей sparrow
оло ей nightingale ле lion
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1. Underline the subject of each Russian sentence:
1) Э о о ое пальто It is a new coat

2) е ий воздух Fresh air
3) Лошадь ы ро е ае A horse runs fast
4) тудент чи ае и A student is reading a book
5) Её сердце а ол е о лю о ью Her heart is full of love
6) Яйцо раз ило ь The egg has broken
7) У е я оли плечо My shoulder hurts
8) Дочь и рае ад Daughter is playing in the garden
ош а cat чи ель teacher з tooth

оль ица hospital аши а car ра brother
юри lawyer зи а winter е щи а woman
1) Э о о ая больн ца It is a new hospital

2) Кошка и A cat (female) is sleeping
3) Женщ на о о и A woman is cooking
4) Зуб е оли A tooth doesn't hurt
5) Юр ст о ори о елефо A lawyer is talking on the phone
6) Её брат ил о ю аши Her brother bought a car
7) Уч тель лы ае я A teacher is smiling
8) Э а маш на ри адле и е This car belongs to me
9) Пришла з ма Winter has come
а spider ра ей ant а duck

а оч а butterfly ро одил crocodile а ла shark
ли а snail ли а fox ля ш а frog
1) Большой паук е и о е е A big spider is running on the wall

2) Кра и ая бабочка ле и A beautiful butterfly is flying
3) Ул тка д и ае я оче ь едле о A snail is moving very slow
4) Утка ла ае р д A duck in swimming in the pond
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5) Большая акула лы ае рочь A big shark is swimming away
6) Зеле ая л гушка ры ае A green frog is jumping
7) Муравей рои ра ей и An ant is building an anthill
Crocodile is waiting for them in the
8) В ре е их дё крокод л
river
9) Л са и а ра е A fox is sleeping on the grass
х ал ер accountant е ец singer олицей ий policeman

а ёр actor оч альо postman и а ель writer
о ар cooker а и taxi driver ере одчи translator
ор е sportsman ило pilot до ор doctor
р али journalist адо и gardener чи ель teacher
1) уч тель чи ае и A teacher is reading a book

2) доктор ьё чай A doctor is drinking tea
3) журнал ст ише а ью A journalist is writing an article
4) певец оё е ю A singer is singing a song
5) спортсмен и рае ф ол A sportsman is playing football
6) пол цейск й ре ир е я A policeman is training
7) п лот о ори ди е черо A pilot is talking to a dispatcher
8) повар о о и о ед A cook is cooking dinner
9) такс ст едё а и A taxi driver is driving a taxi
10) почтальон даё и ь о A postman in giving the letter
11) садовн к ра о ае ад A gardener is working in the garden
A translator is reading a book in
12) переводч к чи ае и а и ай о
Chinese
An accountant is working on the
13) бухгалтер ра о ае за о ью еро
computer
14) актёр чи ой е An actor is learning his lines (text)
15) п сатель и а ель ише и A writer is writing a book
5. Define the gender of the fallowing nouns (that are used in the nominative singular
case):
gender gender
о а wasp fem. ол wolf masc.
чела bee fem. е ица caterpillar fem.
орёл eagle masc. ле едь swan fem.
з ея snake fem. оро ей sparrow masc.
оло ей nightingale masc. ле lion masc.
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Unit
Nominative plural
3.3
1. Ending of masculine nouns in nominative plural. Regular masculine nouns end in

either a consonant, -й or -ь.
letter rule example translation

consonant to a consonant add ы ол → олы table → tables
й remove -й and add -и зей→ зе museum → museums
ь remove -ь and add -и оле ь→оле deer → deers
2. Ending of feminine nouns in nominative plural. Regular feminine nouns end in

either -а, - , - , or -ь.:
Letter rule example Translation

а remove а, add ы аши а→ аши ы car→cars
я едел → едел week→weeks
remove я, add и
ия а ар →а ар accident→accidents
ь remove ь,add и очь→ оч night→nights
REMEMBER! For plurals of feminine nouns which end in -а, never write -ы after г, к,
х, ж, ч, ш, щ. For example:
лига→лиг , задача→задач , за ха→за х , р ша→ р ш
3. Ending of neuter nouns in nominative plural. Regular neuter nouns end in either -
о, -е or - е.
Letter rule example Translation

о remove -о add -а яйцо→яйца egg→eggs
е remove -е add -я зелье→зель potion→potions
ие remove -е add -я о ы е→ о ы event→events
4.
яйцо → яйца). And this can happen in all genders:
Masc.: ол → олы Fem.: и ла → и лы Neut.: о о→о а
There is no specific rule for changing the stress. You can find a stress in a dictionary.
5. Some regular nouns "lose" a vowel from their last syllable in all forms except
nominative singular. The most common ones are:
о ец→о цы (father → цер о ь→цер и о ёр→ о ры

fathers) (church → churches) (carpet→carpets)
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1. Make plural form of following masculine nouns:
а олё plane ____________________

а а banana ____________________
ело и ед bicycle ____________________
иле ticket ____________________
из е е businessman ____________________
шарф scarf ____________________
язы language/tongue ____________________
ли о lemon ____________________
ол wolf ____________________
дол debt/duty ____________________
ле едь swan ____________________
рач doctor ____________________
ча hour ____________________
ала salad ____________________
и а ель writer ____________________
а ель и orange ____________________
2. Make plural form of following feminine nouns:
а оч а butterfly ____________________
чела bee ____________________
о а wasp ____________________
е ица caterpillar ____________________
ли а snail ____________________
а ция station ____________________
ю а skirt ____________________
оль pain ____________________
ы а pumpkin ____________________
лица street ____________________
о фе а candy ____________________
р ша pear ____________________
ил а fork ____________________
р аш а shirt ____________________
и а ель writer ____________________
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а ель и orange ____________________
3. Make plural form of following neuter nouns:
а рое ие mood ____________________

и о wine ____________________
о о window ____________________
едро hip ____________________
д о vessel/boat ____________________
оре sea ____________________
ой о property/attribute ____________________
озеро lake ____________________
оле field ____________________
ра е ие plant ____________________
зда ие building ____________________
зада ие task ____________________
оо ще ие message ____________________
и ь о letter ____________________
я ло о apple ____________________
яйцо egg ____________________
4. Using the example, define what nouns are used in nominative singular and what
are used in the nominative plural case in the following sentences:
а ла oil(s) plur.
а bank(s) sing.
ицца pizza(s) __________
ча ы hour(s) __________
я ло и apple(s) __________
ла ье dress(es) __________
але ы toilet(s) __________
цер о ь church(es) __________
о и ицы hotel(s) __________
де ы student(s) __________
а ции station(s) __________
е щи а woman(e) __________
и о win(s) __________
лицо face(s) __________
лечи shoulder(s) __________
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ечер evening(s) __________
ар park(s) __________
де оч и girl(s) __________
5. Form plural nominative case for following words:
а _______________ spiders
ро одил _______________ crocodiles
а ла _______________ sharks
а _______________ ducks
з ея _______________ snakes
ра а _______________ wounds
а а _______________ mothers
о о _______________ coconuts
л _______________ bows
до дь _______________ rains
ороз _______________ frosts
о _______________ noses
арел а _______________ plates
о _______________ knives
и а _______________ books
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1. Make plural form of following masculine nouns:
а олё plane а олё ы

а а banana а а ы
ело и ед bicycle ело и еды
иле ticket иле ы
из е е businessman из е е ы
шарф scarf шарфы
язы language/tongue язы и
ли о lemon ли о ы
ол wolf ол и
дол debt/duty дол и
ле едь swan ле еди
рач doctor рачи
ча hour ча ы
ала salad ала ы
и а ель writer и а ели
а ель и orange а ель и ы
2. Make plural form of following feminine nouns:
а оч а butterfly а оч и
чела bee чёлы
о а wasp о ы
е ица caterpillar е ицы
ли а snail ли и
а ция station а ции
ю а skirt ю и
оль pain оли
ы а pumpkin ы ы
лица street лицы
о фе а candy о фе ы
р ша pear р ши
ил а fork ил и
р аш а shirt р аш и
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3. Make plural form of following neuter nouns:
а рое ие mood а рое ия

и о wine и а
о о window о а
едро hip ёдра
д о vessel/boat д а
оре sea оря
ой о property/attribute ой а
озеро lake озёра
оле field оля
ра е ие plant ра е ия
зда ие building зда ия
зада ие task зада ия
оо ще ие message оо ще ия
и ь о letter и ь а
я ло о apple я ло и
яйцо egg яйца
4. Using the example, define what nouns are used in nominative singular and what
are used in the nominative plural case in the following sentences:
а ла oil(s) plur.
а bank(s) sing.
ицца pizza(s) sing.
ча ы hour(s) plur.
я ло и apple(s) plur.
ла ье dress(es) sing.
але ы toilet(s) plur.
цер о ь church(es) sing.
о и ицы hotel(s) plur.
де ы student(s) plur.
а ции station(s) plur.
е щи а woman(e) sing.
и о win(s) sing.
лицо face(s) sing.
лечи shoulder(s) plur.
ечер evening(s) sing.
ар park(s) sing.
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де оч и girl(s) plur.
5. Form plural nominative case for following words:
а а и spiders
ро одил ро одилы crocodiles
а ла а лы sharks
а и ducks
з ея з еи snakes
ра а ра ы wounds
а а а ы mothers
о о о о ы coconuts
л л и bows
до дь до ди rains
ороз орозы frosts
о о ы noses
арел а арел и plates
о о и knives
и а и и books
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Unit
Nominative plural irregular
3.4
Answers the questions: Who? What? (кто? что?)
1. First group - instead of ending in -ы or -и end in a stressed а.
адре → адре а addresses о ер → о ера numbers

ере → ере а banks/shores о ро → о ро а islands
ечер → ечера evenings а ор → а ор а passports
лаз → лаза eyes оезд → оезда trains
ород → орода towns рофе ор → рофе ора professors
до → до а houses ра ор → ра ора tractors
до ор → до ора doctors чи ель → чи ел teachers
ле → ле а forests ц е → ц е а colours
IMPORTANT: There is also, so to speak, one very irregular noun - чи ель, which
instead of -а takes -я ending.
2. How to define the gender of a noun in nominative case? Right, by its ending:
рат → ра ь brother → brothers

др г → др зь friend → friends
ли т → ли ь leaf → leaves
л → ль chair→ chairs
ын → ы овь son → sons
3. If it ends in singular in -а и or -я и , just remove -и and add -е.
ра да и → ра да е
а лича и → а лича е
4. Feminine and neuter irregulars:
дочь (f) → дочер daughters

а ь (f) → матер mothers
ре я (n) → времена times
дере о (n) → деревь trees
и я (n) → мена names
оле о (n) → колен knees
лечо (n) → плеч shoulders
хо (n) → уш ears
я ло о (n) → блок apples
5. Neuter nouns without change in the plural form:

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юро office, bureau
и и whisky
афе cafe
е ро metro
иа и о piano
радио radio
6. Two very important irregulars:
ре ё о → де и children
чело е → люди people
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1. Insert an irregular nominative plural noun to make a sentence correct:
1) У е яе ь _________ ех др зей I have the addresses of all friends

2) У е я оче ь ра и ые _________. You have very beautiful eyes
3) Ей ра я я яр ие _________. She likes bright colors
4) Я лю лю ольшие _________. I love big cities
5) Э и _________ ча де ей. These teachers
6) Е ра я я ихие _________. He likes calm evenings
7) Но ые _________. New houses
8) В и ер и е е ра о аю _________. Professors work in the university
2. Make nominative plural nouns from the words below:
1) ра ор _______________ tractor
2) оезд _______________ train
3) ере _______________ shore/bank
4) до ор _______________ doctor
5) ле _______________ forest
6) о ер _______________ number
7) а ор _______________ passport
8) о ро _______________ island
3.Translate the following words into Russian:
1) _______________ brothers
2) _______________ towns
3) _______________ eyes
4) _______________ chairs
5) _______________ leaves
6) _______________ evening
7) _______________ sons
8) _______________ friends
23
1) е еря и _______________ Northerner

2) оро а и _______________ Citizen
3) а лича и _______________ Englishman
4) да ча и _______________ Dane
5) ро ия и _______________ Russian
6) олда а и _______________ Moldavian
7) ри ля и _______________ Roman
8) ра да и _______________ citizen
5. Make nominative plural for the highlighted words:
1) Ты лю ишь _________ блоко)? Do you like apples

2) У е я д е _________ дочь). I have two daughters
3) У е я оля _________ колено). My knees are aching
4) М е ра я я ред ие _________ м ). I like rare names
5) В е _________ мать) лю я де ей. All mothers love children
6) У ло а ольшие _________ ухо). An elephant has big ears
7) _________ (дерево) ра ле . Trees grow in the forest
8) _________ (врем ) е яю я. Times change
9) Кра и ые _________ плечо). Beautiful shoulders
1) _________ (человек), о а о и е э о! People, stop it!

2) _________ (ребёнок) и рае ад Children are playing in the garden
3) Мы или д а _________ рад о). We bought two radios
4) В ороде о о _________ кафе). There are many cafes in the city
24
1. Insert an irregular nominative plural noun to make a sentence correct:
1) У е яе ь адре а ех др зей I have the addresses of all friends

2) У е я оче ь ра и ые лаза. You have very beautiful eyes
3) Ей ра я я яр ие ц е а. She likes bright colors
4) Я лю лю ольшие орода. I love big cities
5) Э и чи еля ча де ей. These teachers
6) Е ра я я ихие ечера. He likes calm evenings
7) Но ые до а. New houses
8) В и ер и е е ра о аю рофе ора. Professors work in the university
1) ра ор ра ора tractor
2) оезд оезда train
3) ере ере а shore/bank
4) до ор до ора doctor
5) ле ле а forest
6) о ер о ера number
7) а ор а ор а passport
8) о ро о ро а island
3.Translate the following words into Russian:
1) ра ь я brothers
2) орода towns
3) лаза eyes
4) лья chairs
5) ли ья leaves
6) ечера evening
7) ы о ья sons
8) др зья friends
25
1) е еря и е еря е northerner

2) оро а и оро а е citizen
3) а лича и а лича е Englishman
4) да ча и да ча е Dane
5) ро ия и ро ия е Russian
6) олда а и олда а е Moldavian
7) ри ля и ри ля е roman
8) ра да и ра да е citizen
1) Ты лю ишь я ло и ( блоко)? Do you like apples

2) У е я д е дочери (дочь). I have two daughters
3) У е я оля оле и (колено). My knees are aching
4) М е ра я я ред ие и е а ( м ). I like rare names
5) В е а ери (мать) лю я де ей. All mothers love children
6) У ло а ольшие ши (ухо). An elephant has big ears
7) Дере ья (дерево) ра ле . Trees grow in the forest
8) Вре е а (врем ) е яю я. Times change
9) Кра и ые лечи (плечо). Beautiful shoulders
1) Люди (человек), о а о и е э о! People, stop it!

2) Де и (ребёнок) и рае ад Children are playing in the garden
3) Мы или д а радио (рад о). We bought two radios
4) В ороде о о афе (кафе). There are many cafes in the city
26
Unit
Accusative singular
3.5
We use the accusative case for the direct object of sentence. Answers questions:
Whom? What? (кого? что?)
1. Most sentences have this structure:
Subject (person or thing that performs an action) + verb (an action) + object (person
or thing that has an action done to it).
Subject verb object translation

Я чи аю и I read a book
О а о ри еле изор She watches tv
О и ою аши They wash a car
2. All inanimate (not alive things) masculine nouns don't change in accusative
singular:
Я ер телефон I take the telephone

Я о рю телев зор I watch TV
Я е суп I eat soup
3. If a masculine noun is animate (a person or an animal) then in accusative

singular change the ending as follows:
To a consonant add "a" чело ек → чело ека

Remove "й" then add "я" о ой → о о
Remove "ь" then add "я" чи ель → чи ел
4. Almost all neuter nouns don't change in the accusative singular:
Я о рю к но I watch a movie
О а ое окно She washes a window
О ьё в но He drinks wine
Exception - лицо (here "a person") - accusative - лиц
5. Feminine nouns that end in soft sign don't change:
очь → очь night
д ерь → д ерь door
6. If a feminine noun doesn't end in a soft sign, then in the accusative plural change
the ending following the scheme (no matter if the noun is animate or not):
27
Remove "а"add " " ода → оду
Remove "я" add "ю" едел → еделю
Soft sign stays the same оль → оль
7. Examples of usage:
noun sentence translation

M о ью ер Я о аю о ью ер I buy a computer
M др г Я и др а I see a friend
M ерой Мы ище еро We are seeking a hero
M оди ель Мы lё оди ел We wait the driver
N и о Я о рю и о I watch a movie
F аши а О а ое аши у She washes a car
F а л Я лю лю а лю I love granny
F лошадь О лади лошадь He strokes a horse
28
1. Underline the object noun in the following sentences:
1) Я и о езья I see a monkey

2) Я е я ло о I eat an apple
3) О ише а ью He is writing an article
4) О а ое о о She is washing a window
5) Я чи аю и Read a book
6) О и о ря еле изор They are watching TV
7) Я и и ь о I see a letter
8) О а о о и о ед She is cooking dinner
2. Make accusative singular nouns from the words below (masculine). Pay attention if
a noun is animate or inanimate.
1) а олё _______________ plane

2) ело и ед _______________ bicycle
3) ала _______________ salad
4) и а ель _______________ writer
5) ы _______________ son
6) ли о _______________ lemon
7) рач _______________ doctor
8) а _______________ spider
3. Make accusative singular nouns from the highlighted words below (masculine). Pay
attention if a noun is animate or inanimate.
1) Я ил _________ б лет). I bought a ticket

2) О е лю и _________ лук). He doesn't like onion
3) О а лю и _________ брат). She loves (her) brother
4) Я и _________ дом). I see a house
5) О а ри е е _________ друг). She is greeting a friend
6) О и идя _________ крокод л). They see a crocodile
7) Я ла _________ волк). I pet a wolf
8) Я ою _________ нож). I wash a knife
9) О ае _________ р с). She is eating rice
10) Мы иди _________ сын). We see a son
4. Make accusative singular nouns from the words below (neuter):
29
1) аль о _______________ coat
2) о о _______________ window
3) и о _______________ movie
4) орло _______________ throat
5) лечо _______________ shoulder
6) и о ое _______________ animal
7) зда ие _______________ building
8) ле о _______________ summer
5. Make accusative singular nouns from the highlighted words below (neuter).
1) Ты идишь _________ небо)? Do you see the sky?

2) О а ьё _________ в но). She drinks wine
3) Я и _________ сердце). I see a heart
4) Я лю лю _________ (молоко). I love milk
5) Ты идишь _________ метро). Do you see the metro
6) О ьё _________ п во). He is drinking beer
7) Я и ю е о _________ (настроен е). I blame his mood
8) Я лю лю э о _________ утро). I love this morning
9) О е _________ ( йцо). He is eating an egg
6. Make accusative singular nouns from the words below (feminine):
1) лошадь _______________ horse

2) ы а _______________ pumpkin
3) де ш а _______________ girl
4) а а _______________ mother
5) олез ь _______________ illness
6) а ция _______________ station
7) зи а _______________ winter
8) е ра _______________ sister
7. Make accusative singular nouns from the highlighted words below (feminine).
1) Я ою _________ маш на). I wash a car

2) Я и _________ собака). I see a dog
3) О а ила _________ ручка). She bought a pen
4) О и идя _________ больн ца). They see a hospital
5) Я ил _________ бумага). I bought paper
30
6) О родаё _________ в лка). He sells a fork
7) Я ью _________ (вода). I drink water
8) Я чеш _________ (голова). I scratch (my) head
9) О ае _________ груша). He eats a pear
8. Make accusative singular nouns from the words below (all genders):
1) доро а _______________ road

2) з _______________ tooth
3) шра _______________ scar
4) л а _______________ moon
5) ре ло _______________ armchair
6) ази о _______________ casino
7) очь _______________ night
8) чело е _______________ man
9) людо _______________ dish
10) ицца _______________ pizza
11) и р _______________ tiger
12) ч до _______________ miracle
9. Make accusative singular nouns from the highlighted words below (all genders):
1) Я и _________ пт ца). I see a bird

2) Я ил _________ ремень). I bought a belt
3) О а ила _________ рыба). She bought a fish
4) О иди _________ зеркало). He sees a mirror
5) Мы за ряз яе _________ река). We pollute the river
6) О а иди _________ муж). She sees a husband
7) Я и _________ п сатель). I see a writer
8) Я ил _________ мыло). I bought soap
31
1. Underline the object noun in the following sentences:
1) Я и о езья I see a monkey

2) Я е я ло о I eat an apple
3) О ише а ью He is writing an article
4) О а ое о о She is washing a window
5) Я чи аю и Read a book
6) О и о ря еле изор They are watching TV
7) Я и и ь о I see a letter
8) О а о о и о ед She is cooking dinner
2. Make accusative singular nouns from the words below (masculine). Pay attention if
a noun is animate or inanimate.
1) а олё а олё plane

2) ело и ед ело и ед bicycle
3) ала ала salad
4) и а ель и а еля writer
5) ы ы а son
6) ли о ли о lemon
7) рач рача doctor
8) а а а spider
3. Make accusative singular nouns from the highlighted words below (masculine). Pay
attention if a noun is animate or inanimate.
1) Я ил иле (б лет). I bought a ticket

2) О е лю и л (лук). He doesn't like onion
3) О а лю и ра а (брат). She loves (her) brother
4) Я и до (дом). I see a house
5) О а ри е е др а (друг). She is greeting a friend
6) О и идя ро одила (крокод л). They see a crocodile
7) Я ла ол а (волк). I pet a wolf
8) Я ою о (нож). I wash a knife
9) О ае ри (р с). She is eating rice
10) Мы иди ы а (сын). We see a son
4. Make accusative singular nouns from the words below (neuter):
32
1) аль о аль о coat
2) о о о о window
3) и о и о movie
4) орло орло throat
5) лечо лечо shoulder
6) и о ое и о ое animal
7) зда ие зда ие building
8) ле о ле о summer
5. Make accusative singular nouns from the highlighted words below (neuter).
1) Ты идишь е о (небо)? Do you see the sky?

2) О а ьё и о (в но). She drinks wine
3) Я и ердце (сердце). I see a heart
4) Я лю лю оло о (молоко). I love milk
5) Ты идишь е ро (метро)? Do you see the metro?
6) О ьё и о (п во). He is drinking beer
7) Я и юе о а рое ие (настроен е). I blame his mood
8) Я лю лю э о ро (утро). I love this morning
9) О е яйцо ( йцо). He is eating an egg
6. Make accusative singular nouns from the words below (feminine):
1) лошадь лошадь horse

2) ы а ы pumpkin
3) де ш а де ш girl
4) а а а mother
5) олез ь олез ь illness
6) а ция а цию station
7) зи а зи winter
8) е ра е р sister
7. Make accusative singular nouns from the highlighted words below (feminine).
1) Я ою аши (маш на). I wash a car

2) Я и о а (собака). I see a dog
3) О а ила р ч (ручка). She bought a pen
4) О и идя оль иц (больн ца). They see a hospital
5) Я ил а (бумага). I bought paper
33
6) О родаё ил (в лка). He sells a fork
7) Я ью од (вода). I drink water
8) Я чеш оло (голова). I scratch (my) head
9) О ае р ш (груша). He eats a pear
8. Make accusative singular nouns from the words below (all genders):
1) доро а доро road

2) з з tooth
3) шра шра scar
4) л а л moon
5) ре ло ре ло armchair
6) ази о ази о casino
7) очь очь night
8) чело е чело е а man
9) людо людо dish
10) ицца ицц pizza
11) и р и ра tiger
12) ч до ч до miracle
9. Make accusative singular nouns from the highlighted words below (all genders):
1) Я и иц (пт ца). I see a bird

2) Я ил ре е ь (ремень). I bought a belt
3) О а ила ры (рыба). She bought a fish
4) О иди зер ало (зеркало). He sees a mirror
5) Мы за ряз яе ре (река). We pollute the river
6) О а иди а (муж). She sees a husband
7) Я и и а еля (п сатель). I see a writer
8) Я ил ыло (мыло). I bought soap
34
Unit
Accusative plural
3.6
1. If you need to use an inanimate plural noun as an object - here is a rule, you just
use endings of Nominative plurals. For all genders:
Subject verb object translation

Я о рю ф льмы I watch movies
аша чи ае кн г Sasha reads books
Мы о ры ае окна We are opening windows
If a noun is animate, we have to change its ending.
2. Masculine accusative plural:
To a consonant add "о " ог → о ов gods

Remove "й" and add "е " ерой → ероев heroes
Remove "ь" and add "ей" оди ель → оди елей drivers
P ! If Ж, Ч, Ш, Щ "ей", not "ов".
Example: ж→ ей (husbands)
3. Feminine accusative plural:
Remove "а" and add nothing а ри а → а ри actress

Remove "я" and add "ь" р → рь thunderstorm
For noun ending in "ия"
а ц → а ц й station
remove "я" and add "й"
Remove "ь" and add "ей" лошадь → лошадей horse
P w "а". If f "а" b
of consonants at the end of w , "о, е
ё".
де шка → де шек girl

арка → арок brand, stamp
е тра → е тёр sister
35
Examples:
Ты идел э их де ше ? Did you see these girls?

Не , о я идел их е ёр No, but I saw their sisters
4. Neuter accusative plural:
There are a few neuter inanimate nouns. The most common one, as we already now
"лицо" (a person or a face), to form the accusative plural we just remove the last
letter.
лицо → лиц
36
1. Tell in Russian who/what you see, using accusative plural of masculine nouns:
1) Я и _________ б лет) I see the tickets

2) Я и _________ самолёт) I see the planes
3) Я и _________ банан) I see the bananas
4) Я и _________ врач) I see the doctors
5) Я и _________ салат) I see the salads
6) Я и _________ паук) I see the spiders
7) Я и _________ волк) I see the wolves
8) Я и _________ стол) I see the tables
9) Я и _________ карандаш) I see the pencils
10) Я и _________ компьютер) I see the computers
2. Tell in Russian what/who you know, using accusative plural of feminine nouns:
1) Я з аю ех _________ девушка) I know those girls

2) Я з аю э их _________ обезь на) I know these monkeys
3) Я з аю их _________ мама) I know their moms/mothers
4) Я з аю э их _________ актр са) I know these actresses
5) Я з аю е о _________ (сестра) I know his sisters
6) Я з аю их _________ бабушка) I know their grandmothers
7) Я з аю её _________ плем нн ца) I know her nieces
8) Я з аю э их _________ собака) I these dogs
9) Я з аю е о _________ (кошка) I know his cats
3. Make accusative plural nouns from the highlighted words below.
1) Я лю лю _________ (кот) I love cats

2) Я фо о рафир ю _________ лебедь) I take photos of swans
3) Я ою ь _________ оса) I afraid of wasps
4) Я е лю лю _________ (ул тка) I don't like snails
5) М е ра я я _________ блоко) I like apples
6) О е _________ конфета) He eats candies
7) О а з ае э и _________ место) She knows these places
8) Ты лю ишь _________ салат)? Do you like salad?
9) О а иди _________ акула) She sees the sharks
37
10) Ты ешь _________ л мон) Do you eat lemons?
4. Make accusative plural nouns from the words below:
1) р аш а _______________ shirts
2) ид а _______________ jackets
3) ф ол а _______________ t-shirts
4) ю аль ер _______________ bras
5) о и _______________ tuxedos
6) ай а _______________ undershirts
7) ша а _______________ hats
8) ь _______________ geese
9) ра _______________ crabs
10) аль ар _______________ squids
11) ре е а _______________ shrimps
12) о идор _______________ tomatoes
1) Ты идишь _________ тарелка)? Do you see the plates?

2) О аи ольз е _________ чашка) She uses cups
3) Я лю лю _________ (котлета) I love cutlets
4) О е лю и _________ ресторан) He doesn't like restaurants
5) О а лю и _________ бармен) She loves bartenders
6) Ты лю ишь _________ фрукт) You love fruits
7) О и идя _________ оф ц ант) They see waiters
8) Моя а а лю и _________ перс к) My mother loves peaches
9) Мой ра лю и _________ груша) My brother loves pears
10) Ты и ольз ешь _________ в лка)? Do you use forks?
11) Т оя а а лю и _________ сл ва) Your mother loves plums
12) О а иди _________ нож)? Does she see the knives?
13) Я лю лю _________ (оф ц антка) I love waitresses
14) О лю и _________ апельс н) He loves oranges
1) до а _______________ widows
2) иро а _______________ orphans
3) ир _______________ viruses
38
4) и фе ция _______________ infections
5) да и _______________ dentists
6) хир р _______________ surgeons
7) а ле а _______________ tablets
8) зо _______________ umbrellas
39
1. Tell in Russian who/what you see, using accusative plural of masculine nouns:
1) Я и иле ы (б лет) I see the tickets

2) Я и а олё ы (самолёт) I see the planes
3) Я и а а ы (банан) I see the bananas
4) Я и рачей (врач) I see the doctors
5) Я и ала ы (салат) I see the salads
6) Я и а о (паук) I see the spiders
7) Я и ол о (волк) I see the wolves
8) Я и олы (стол) I see the tables
9) Я и ара даши (карандаш) I see the pencils
10) Я и о ю еры (компьютер) I see the computers
2. Tell in Russian what/who you know, using accusative plural of feminine nouns:
1) Я з аю ех де ше (девушка) I know those girls

2) Я з аю э их о езья (обезь на) I know these monkeys
3) Я з аю их а (мама) I know their moms/mothers
4) Я з аю э их а ри (актр са) I know these actresses
5) Я з аю е о е ёр (сестра) I know his sisters
6) Я з аю их а ше (бабушка) I know their grandmothers
7) Я з аю её ле я иц (плем нн ца) I know her nieces
8) Я з аю э их о а (собака) I these dogs
9) Я з аю е о оше (кошка) I know his cats
1) Я лю лю о о (кот) I love cats

2) Я фо о рафир ю ле едей (лебедь) I take photos of swans
3) Я ою ь о (оса) I afraid of wasps
4) Я е лю лю ли о (ул тка) I don't like snails
5) М е ра я я я ло и ( блоко) I like apples
6) О е о фе ы (конфета) He eats candies
7) О а з ае э и е а (место) She knows these places
8) Ты лю ишь ала ы (салат)? Do you like salad?
9) О а иди а л (акула) She sees the sharks
40
10) Ты ешь ли о ы (л мон)? Do you eat lemons?
1) р аш а р аш и shirts
2) ид а ид а и jackets
3) ф ол а ф ол и t-shirts
4) ю аль ер ю аль еры bras
5) о и о и и tuxedos
6) ай а ай и undershirts
7) ша а ша и hats
8) ь ей geese
9) ра ра о crabs
10) аль ар аль аро squids
11) ре е а ре е о shrimps
12) о идор о идоры tomatoes
1) Ты идишь арел и (тарелка)? Do you see the plates?

2) О аи ольз е чаш и (чашка) She uses cups
3) Я лю лю о ле ы (котлета) I love cutlets
4) О е лю и ре ора ы (ресторан) He doesn't like restaurants
5) О а лю и ар е о (бармен) She loves bartenders
6) Ты лю ишь фр ы (фрукт) You love fruits
7) О и идя официа о (оф ц ант) They see waiters
8) Моя а а лю и ер и и (перс к) My mother loves peaches
9) Мой ра лю и р ши (груша) My brother loves pears
10) Ты и ольз ешь ил и (в лка)? Do you use forks?
11) Т оя а а лю и ли ы (сл ва) Your mother loves plums
12) О а иди о и (нож)? Does she see the knives?
13) Я лю лю официа о (оф ц антка) I love waitresses
14) О лю и а ель и ы (апельс н) He loves oranges
1) до а до widows
2) иро а иро orphans
3) ир ир ы viruses
41
4) и фе ция и фе ции infections
5) да и да и о dentists
6) хир р хир р о surgeons
7) а ле а а ле и tablets
8) зо зо ы umbrellas
42
Unit
Accusative plural irregular
3.7
1. Inanimate plural nouns with irregular endings remain the same in accusative if
they are inanimate:
О а ише е адреса Ты ло ал стуль ?

She writes all the addresses Did you break the chairs?
2. Animate nouns with -а as ending takes -ов in the accusative plural:
О и идя оих рофе оров They see their professors

Я лю лю оих до оров I love my doctors
3. The irregular nominative plural уч тел becomes уч телей.
чи ел - чи елей
4. Plural nouns in accusative with irregular endings -ь , we change the ending to -ев
(if nominative plural stressed on the stem) or -ей (if nominative plural stressed on
the end).
Nominative singular Nominative plural Accusative plural

ра brother ра ья stressed on stem ра ьев
др friend др зь stressed on end др зей
ы son ы о ь stressed on end ы о ей
5. Nouns with irregular -н н ending - just delete the - н part from nominative
singular

ро иян н ро ияне ро иян
а личан н а личане а личан
ра дан н ра дане ра дан
да чан н да чане да чан
43
6. EXCEPTION 1 - мать (mother) and дочь (daughter).

дочь дочери дочерей
а ь а ери а ерей
7. EXCEPTION 2 - дет (children) and люд (people).

ре ё о де и де ей
чело е люди людей
44
1. Put the highlighted nouns in the accusative plural form:
Do you love the rooms (in an

1) Вы лю и е _________ номер)?
hotel)?
2) Вы лю и е _________ (поезд)? Do you love trains?
3) Вы лю и е _________ цвет)? Do you love the colors?
4) Вы лю и е _________ город)? Do you love cities?
5) Вы лю и е _________ дом)? Do you love houses?
6) Вы лю и е _________ вечер)? Do you love evenings?
1) Я и э и_________ остров) I see these islands

2) О и ич о аю _________ лес) They are destroying forests
3) О иди _________ паспорт) He sees passports
4) О а ище _________ (адрес) She is seeking for the addresses
5) Я лю лю ои _________ (глаз) I love your eyes
6) О иди _________ трактор) He sees tractors
7) О а лю и _________ берег) She loves shores
1) О а лю и оих _________ сын) She loves her sons

2) Я лю лю оих _________ друг) I love my friends
3) О иди оих _________ брат) He sees his friends
1) ро ия и _______________ Russian
2) да ча и _______________ Dane
3) ра да и _______________ Citizen
4) а лича и _______________ Englishman
5) е еря и _______________ Northerner
45
1) Я лю лю оих _________ дочь). I love my daughters

2) Мы ри лашае _________ мать). We are inviting mothers
3) Мы иди э их _________ ребёнок). We see these children
4) Ты з аешь э их _________ человек)? Do you know these people?
46
Do you love the rooms (in an

1) Вы лю и е о ера (номер)?
hotel)?
2) Вы лю и е оезда (поезд)? Do you love trains?
3) Вы лю и е ц е а (цвет)? Do you love the colors?
4) Вы лю и е орода (город)? Do you love cities?
5) Вы лю и е до а (дом)? Do you love houses?
6) Вы лю и е ечера (вечер)? Do you love evenings?
1) Я и э ио ро а (остров) I see these islands

2) О и ич о аю ле а (лес) They are destroying forests
3) О иди а ор а (паспорт) He sees passports
4) О а ище адре а (адрес) She is seeking for the addresses
5) Я лю лю ои лаза (глаз) I love your eyes
6) О иди ра ора (трактор) He sees tractors
7) О а лю и ере а (берег) She loves shores
1) О а лю и оих ы о ей (сын) She loves her sons

2) Я лю лю оих др зей (друг) I love my friends
3) О иди оих ра ье (брат) He sees his friends
1) ро ия и ро ия Russian
2) да ча и да ча Dane
3) ра да и ра да Citizen
4) а лича и а лича Englishman
5) е еря и е еря Northerner
1) Я лю лю оих дочерей (дочь). I love my daughters
47
2) Мы ри лашае а ерей (мать). We are inviting mothers
3) Мы иди э их де ей (ребёнок). We see these children
4) Ты з аешь э их людей (человек)? Do you know these people?
48
Unit
Genitive singular
3.8
The main meaning of Genitive is "of", but also we use it to talk about quantities and
absence of something/someone. Answers questions: Whom? What? (кого? чего?)
Э о и а де а It is a book of the student (student's book)

Зде ь е ола There is no (not any) table
1. Masculine endings:
To a consonant add а: ыд → ыда shame

Remove й, and add : чай → ча tea
Remove ь, and add : ь → goose
Same rule for names:
Remove й, and add : Ни олай → Ни ола Nikolay

Remove ь, and add : И орь → И ор Igor
Examples:
У е я е ыда You have no (not any) shame

Э о аши а И оря It is the car of Igor (Igor's car)
2. Feminine endings:
Remove а, and add ы: аши а → аши ы car

Remove , and add : Ро и → Ро и Russia
Remove ь, and add : оль → ол pain
Same rule for the names:
Remove , and add : Же → Же Zhenya

Remove а, and add ы: Люда → Люды Lyuda
Examples:
Без оли With no (not any) pain

У е о е ь ри аши ы He has tree cars (quantity)
Дай е ед е и и, о ал й а Give me two books please
Remember: never write ы after г, к, х, ж, ч, ш, щ, instead of it write
и а и books
49
доро а доро roads
ош а ош cats (female cats)
IMPORTANT: irregular nouns мать and дочь have irregular genitive singular
forms: матер and дочер
У е о е ь д е дочери He has two daughters quantity

У их е а ери They don't have a mother quantity (not any)
дочка (daughter) fallows the main rule - дочк
У е ое ь д е доч и He has two daughters quantity
3. Neuter Endings:
Remove о, and add а: о о → о а window

Remove е, and add : зда ие → зда и building
оре → ор sea
Exception:
Вре ре ен time
Examples:
У е я е ре е и! I don't have (not any) time! absence

О раз ил ри о а He broke three windows quantity
50
1. Put the highlighted masculine nouns in the genitive singular form:
1) Чаш а _________ чай) A cup of tea

2) Крыша _________ дом) The roof of the house
3) Тарел а _________ суп) A plate of soup
4) У е я е _________ стол) I don't have a table
5) Три _________ компьютр) Three computers
6) В ороде е _________ герой) There is no hero in the city
7) Шля а _________ ковбой) A hat of a cowboy
8) И я _________ корабль) The name of the ship
9) Д а _________ б лет) Two tickets
10) У их е _________ ключ) They don't have a key
11) К и а _________ студент) A book of a student
12) У е я е _________ сад) I don't have a garden
2. Put the highlighted feminine nouns in the genitive singular form:
1) Не _________ комната) There is no room

2) ю е _________ стор ) The plot of the story
3) Три _________ карта) Three maps
4) Про ле а _________ семь ) The problem of the family
5) У её е _________ кровать) She doesn't have a bed
6) Коле о _________ (маш на) A wheel of a car
7) Д е _________ тетрадь) Two copybooks
8) Крыло _________ (кур ца) A wing of a hen
9) е _________ здвезда) The light of the star
10) ы л _________ гра) The meaning of the game
3. Make genitive singular nouns from the highlighted words below:
1) У е я е _________ в лка) I don't have a fork

2) Д е _________ открытка) Two postcards
3) У их е _________ бутылка) They don't have a bottle
4) Не др ой _________ дорога)! There are no other road
5) Три _________ ручка) Three pens
6) Ц е _________ крыша) The color of the roof
51
7) У её е _________ кастрюл ) She doesn't have a pan
8) Д о _________ бочка) The bottom of the barrel
9) Но ер _________ строка) The number of the line
4. Make genitive singular nouns from the words below:
1) Те _________ п сьмо) The text of the letter

2) Зде ь е _________ место) There is no place
3) оро а _________ (здан е) The side of the building
4) У её е _________ (кольцо) She doesn't have a ring
5) лад ий _________ в но) Sweat taste of the wine
6) У е я е а э о_________ врем ) I don't have time for that
7) ло о ь _________ задан е) The difficulty of the task
8) Ц е _________ ведро) The color of the bucket
9) У е о е ое о _________ (мнен е) He doesn't have his own opinion
10) У е я е _________ сомнен е) I have no (single) doubt
1) и и а ________________ pork
2) ече ь ________________ liver
3) ало ________________ lard
4) яйцо ________________ egg
5) ло о ь ________________ salmon
6) хле ________________ bread
7) оль ________________ salt
8) ахар ________________ sugar
9) ри ________________ rice
10) ла ша ________________ noodle
11) оло о ________________ milk
12) а ло ( ли оч ое) ________________ butter
13) ры а ________________ fish
52
1. Put the highlighted masculine nouns in the genitive singular form:
1) Чаш а чая (чай) A cup of tea

2) Крыша до а (дом) The roof of the house
3) Тарел а а (суп) A plate of soup
4) У е я е ола (стол) I don't have a table
5) Три о ью ера (компьютр) Three computers
6) В ороде е ероя (герой) There is no hero in the city
7) Шля а о оя (ковбой) A hat of a cowboy
8) И я ора ля (корабль) The name of the ship
9) Д а иле а (б лет) Two tickets
10) У их е люча (ключ) They don't have a key
11) К и а де а (студент) A book of a student
12) У е я е ада (сад) I don't have a garden
2. Put the highlighted feminine nouns in the genitive singular form:
1) Не о а ы (комната) There is no room

2) ю е и ории ( стор ) The plot of the story
3) Три ар ы (карта) Three maps
4) Про ле а е ьи (семь ) The problem of the family
5) У её е ро а и (кровать) She doesn't have a bed
6) Коле о аши ы (маш на) A wheel of a car
7) Д е е ради (тетрадь) Two copybooks
8) Крыло рицы (кур ца) A wing of a hen
9) е з езды (здвезда) The light of the star
10) ы л и ры ( гра) The meaning of the game
3. Make genitive singular nouns from the highlighted words below:
1) У е я е ил и (в лка) I don't have a fork

2) Д ео ры и (открытка) Two postcards
3) У их е ыл и (бутылка) They don't have a bottle
4) Не др ой доро и (дорога)! There are no other road
5) Три р ч и (ручка) Three pens
6) Ц е рыши (крыша) The color of the roof
53
7) У её е а рюли (кастрюл ) She doesn't have a pan
8) Д о оч и (бочка) The bottom of the barrel
9) Но ер ро и (строка) The number of the line
1) Те и ь а (п сьмо) The text of the letter

2) Зде ь е е а (место) There is no place
3) оро а зда ия (здан е) The side of the building
4) У её е ольца (кольцо) She doesn't have a ring
5) лад ий и а (в но) Sweat taste of the wine
6) У е я е а э о ре е и (врем ) I don't have time for that
7) ло о ь зада ия (задан е) The difficulty of the task
8) Ц е едра (ведро) The color of the bucket
9) У е о е ое о е ия (мнен е) He doesn't have his own opinion
10) У е я е о е ия (сомнен е) I have no (single) doubt
1) и и а и и ы pork
2) ече ь ече и liver
3) ало ала lard
4) яйцо яйца egg
5) ло о ь ло о я salmon
6) хле хле а bread
7) оль оли salt
8) ахар ахара sugar
9) ри ри а rice
10) ла ша ла ши noodle
11) оло о оло а milk
12) а ло ( ли оч ое) а ла ли оч о о) butter
13) ры а ры ы fish
54
Unit
Genitive plural
3.9

For a consonant add -ов
For -й, delete the -й and add -ев
For soft sign, delete the soft sign and add -ей
Nominative singular Genitive plural

де т student де ов
зей museum зеев
о а ель diппer о а елей
Examples:
Большая р а де о Big group of students

В Ро ии о о зее There are many museums in Russia
На о о о о а елей We need many diggers
For -а just remove the -а.
For ending - delete the - and add -ь.
For ending - remove the - and add -й.
For soft sign in the end remove the soft sign and add -ей

аши а car ашин
л bullet ль
ац nation аций
д ерь door д ерей
Sometimes when the feminine noun ends in -а and you remove it you have a group
of consonant letters at the end (more than one). And it is important to insert either:
о, ё, or е (we add "е" if the consonants are жк, чк, шк).
55
арка stamp арок
чашка cup чашек
ложка spoon ложек
очка barrel очек
3. Neuter Endings:
For neuters nouns we have two endings in the genitive plural.
-й or -_ (zero ending, remove the final "о")

е о place е т
оле field олей
зда е building зда й
Sometimes when the neuter noun ends in -о and you remove it you also have a
group of consonant letters at the end. So, sometimes it is important to insert either:
о, or е.
окно - о о
исьмо - и е w "е" replaces "ь")
Examples:
Э о о ер ы для и е This envelopes are for the letters

У э о о зда ия е о о This building doesn't have windows
56
1. Put the highlighted masculine nouns in the genitive plural form:
1) Не _________ студент) There are no students

2) Ше ь _________ (герой) Six heroes
3) Цель _________ уч тель) The goal of the teachers
4) Маши а _________ (вод тель) The car of the drivers
5) И р ш и _________ (мальч к) The toys of the boys
6) Пя ь _________ (час) Five hours
7) Вы ле ие _________ (танцор) Dancer's performance
8) Проч о ь _________ (дом) The durability of the houses
9) Не _________ стол) There are no tables
10) Де я ь _________ (компьютер) Nice computers
11) Пя ь _________ (конь) Five horses (male)
2. Put the highlighted feminine nouns in the genitive plural form:
1) У е я е _________ (маш на) I don't have (any) cars

2) Пя ь _________ река) Five rivers
3) В до е е _________ (дверь) There are no doors in the house
4) о и _________ (смерть) Hundreds of deaths
5) В ороде е _________ (станц ) There are no stations in the city
6) У её е ь я ь _________ лошадь) She has five horses
7) В ороде е ь _________ (площадь) There are seven squares
8) У их е _________ нструкц ) They don't have any instructions
9) Пя ь _________ ночь) Five nights
10) У их о о_________ (теор ) They have lots of theories
11) Подо ди я ь _________ (м нута) Wait five minutes (+please)
3. Make genitive plural nouns from the feminine nouns below. Pay attention to чк,
шк, жк, тр, мк etc. combinations.
1) У е я е _________ (марка) She loves her sons

2) Ц е _________ ручка) The color of the pens
3) Пя ь _________ девочка) Five girls
4) Раз ер _________ (бочка) The size of the barrels
5) Количе о _________ (ложка) The amount of spoons
57
6) Ц е _________ кошка) The color of the cats
7) У е я е _________ (сестра) I don't have (any) sisters
8) Пя ь _________ (рубашка) Five shirts
9) Ц е _________ сумка) The color of the bags
4. Make genitive plural nouns from the neuter nouns below:
1) зда ие _______________ buildings

2) оре _______________ seas
3) зада ие _______________ tasks
4) лицо _______________ faces
5) ело _______________ bodies
6) я ло о _______________ apples
7) людо _______________ dishes
5. Make genitive plural nouns from the neuter nouns below. Pay attention to кн, др,
сьм etc. combinations.:
1) М о о _________ (окно) A lot of windows

2) М о о _________ ведро) A lot of buckets
3) М о о _________ бедро) A lot of hips
4) М о о _________ п тно) A lot of spots
5) М о о _________ п сьмо) A lot of letters
6) М о о _________ волокно) A lot of fibers
6. Make genitive plural nouns from the nouns below:
1) Не оль о _________ (телефон) A few phones

2) Пя ь _________ (автомоб ль) Five cars
3) В ороде е _________ (вор) There are no thieves in the city
There are no fences in the 5th
4) В 5- райо е е _________ (забор)
district
5) Де я ь _________ (рука) Nine hands
6) Не о од ых _________ (кровать) There are no free beds
7) Не оль о _________ ( стор ) A few stories
8) В а ази е е _________ (зеркало) There are no mirrors in the store
58
1. Put the highlighted masculine nouns in the genitive plural form:
1) Не де о (студент) There are no students

2) Ше ь ерое (герой) Six heroes
3) Цель чи елей (уч тель) The goal of the teachers
4) Маши а оди елей (вод тель) The car of the drivers
5) И р ш и альчи о (мальч к) The toys of the boys
6) Пя ь ча о (час) Five hours
7) Вы ле ие а цоро (танцор) Dancer's performance
8) Проч о ь до о (дом) The durability of the houses
9) Не оло (стол) There are no tables
10) Де я ь о ью еро (компьютер) Nice computers
11) Пя ь о ей (конь) Five horses (male)
2. Put the highlighted feminine nouns in the genitive plural form:
1) У е я е аши (маш на) I don't have (any) cars

2) Пя ь ре (река) Five rivers
3) В до е е д ерей (дверь) There are no doors in the house
4) о и ер ей (смерть) Hundreds of deaths
5) В ороде е а ций (станц ) There are no stations in the city
6) У её е ь я ь лошадей (лошадь) She has five horses
7) В ороде е ь лощадей (площадь) There are seven squares
8) У их е и р ций ( нструкц ) They don't have any instructions
9) Пя ь очей (ночь) Five nights
10) У их о о еорий (теор ) They have lots of theories
11) Подо ди я ь и (м нута) Wait five minutes (+please)
3. Make genitive plural nouns from the feminine nouns below. Pay attention to чк,
шк, жк, тр, мк etc. combinations.
1) У е я е аро (марка) She loves her sons

2) Ц е р че (ручка) The color of the pens
3) Пя ь де оче (девочка) Five girls
4) Раз ер оче (бочка) The size of the barrels
5) Количе о ло е (ложка) The amount of spoons
59
6) Ц е оше (кошка) The color of the cats
7) У е я е е ёр (сестра) I don't have (any) sisters
8) Пя ь р аше (рубашка) Five shirts
9) Ц е о (сумка) The color of the bags
4. Make genitive plural nouns from the neuter nouns below:
1) зда ие зда ий buildings

2) оре орей seas
3) зада ие зада ий tasks
4) лицо лиц faces
5) ело ел bodies
6) я ло о я ло apples
7) людо люд dishes
5. Make genitive plural nouns from the neuter nouns below. Pay attention to кн, др,
сьм etc. combinations.:
1) М о о о о (окно) A lot of windows

2) М о о ёдер (ведро) A lot of buckets
3) М о о ёдер (бедро) A lot of hips
4) М о о я е (п тно) A lot of spots
5) М о о и е (п сьмо) A lot of letters
6) М о о оло о (волокно) A lot of fibers
6. Make genitive plural nouns from the nouns below:
1) Не оль о елефо о (телефон) A few phones

2) Пя ь а о о илей (автомоб ль) Five cars
3) В ороде е оро (вор) There are no thieves in the city
There are no fences in the 5th
4) В 5- райо е е за оро (забор)
district
5) Де я ь р (рука) Nine hands
6) Не о од ых ро а ей (кровать) There are no free beds
7) Не оль о и орий ( стор ) A few stories
8) В а ази е е зер ал (зеркало) There are no mirrors in the store
60
Unit
Genitive plural irregular
3.10

For an -a add -ов
For -ь , and stressed stem -ьев
For stressed-ь , the ending is -ей
For -не, delete the last letter
Nominative singular Meaning Nominative plural Genitive plural

ород town орода ородов
л chair ль льев
др г friend др зь др зей
а личан н Englishman а личане личан
Ма ь→ а ерей mother
Дочь→дочерей daughter
Some feminine nouns have a bunch of consonants before their ending, and we need
to add ё
з езда→з ёзд star

е ра→ е ёр sister
ерь а→ ерё earring
3. Neuter Endings:
Most important neuter nouns are:
ре я→ ре ё time
61
и я→и ё name
хо→ шей ear
4. Other important nouns:
Nominative singular Nominative plural Genitive plural meaning

ре ё о де и де ей children
чело е люди людей people
5. IMPORTANT:
After a numeral the genitive plural of человек is человек:
5 человек я ь чело е ) - five people
62
1. Put the highlighted nouns in the genitive plural form:
1) У а е _________ стул) We don't have chairs

2) У е я е _________ друг)? Don't you have friends?
3) У её е ь ше ь _________ брат) She has six brothers
4) У е я е _________ ребёнок) I don't have children
5) Не оль о ольших _________ город) A few big cities
6) У е о е _________ сын) He doesn't have sons
7) Пя ь _________ граждан н) Five citizens
8) М о о _________ (человек) A lot of people
9) Во е ь _________ л ст) Eight leaves
1) В реча ез _________ мать) Meeting without mothers

2) Вечери а ез _________ дочь) Party without daughters
She is not wearing earrings
3) О а ходи ез _________ серьг )
(lit: Going without earrings)
4) О ришёл ез _________ сестра) He came without sisters
5) Не о ез _________ звезда) The sky is without the stars
6) В реча ез _________ (семь ) Meeting without families
3. Make genitive plural nouns from the highlighted words below.
1) Пя ь _________ врем ) Five tenses

2) Ше ь _________ дерево) Six trees
3) Без _________ ухо) Without ears
4) У е о ы ячи _________ ( м ) He has thousands of names
5) У е я е _________ деньг ) I don't have money
4. Boris doesn't have a lot of people around him, tell who/what he doesn't have by
putting the following words in the genitive plural case:
1) У Бори а е _________ друг) Boris doesn't have friends

2) У Бори а е _________ брат) Boris doesn't have brothers
3) У Бори а е _________ ребёнок) Boris doesn't have children
4) У Бори а е _________ сестра) Boris doesn't have sisters
63
5) У Бори а е _________ деньг ) Boris doesn't have money
5. Make genitive plural nouns from the words below:
1) У е я е _________ стакан) I don't have a glass

2) Пя ь _________ чашка) Five cups
3) Во е ь _________ кружка) Eight mugs
4) озда ие ез _________ глаз) A creature without eyes
5) Без _________ овощ) Without vegetables
6) У а е _________ груша) We don't have pears
7) е ь _________ торт) Seven cakes
64
1) У а е лье (стул) We don't have chairs

2) У е я е др зей (друг)? Don't you have friends?
3) У её е ь ше ь ра ье (брат) She has six brothers
4) У е я е де ей (ребёнок) I don't have children
5) Не оль о ольших ородо (город) A few big cities
6) У е о е ы о ей (сын) He doesn't have sons
7) Пя ь ра да (граждан н) Five citizens
8) М о о людей (человек) A lot of people
9) Во е ь ли ье (л ст) Eight leaves
1) В реча ез а ерей (мать) Meeting without mothers

2) Вечери а ез дочерей (дочь) Party without daughters
She is not wearing earrings
3) О а ходи ез ерё (серьг )
(lit: Going without earrings)
4) О ришёл ез е ёр (сестра) He came without sisters
5) Не о ез з езд (звезда) The sky is without the stars
6) В реча ез е ей (семь ) Meeting without families
3. Make genitive plural nouns from the highlighted words below.
1) Пя ь ре ё (врем ) Five tenses

2) Ше ь дере ье (дерево) Six trees
3) Без шей (ухо) Without ears
4) У е о ы ячи и ё ( м ) He has thousands of names
5) У е я е де е (деньг ) I don't have money
4. Boris doesn't have a lot of people around him, tell who/what he doesn't have by
putting the following words in the genitive plural case:
1) У Бори а е др зей (друг) Boris doesn't have friends

2) У Бори а е ра ье (брат) Boris doesn't have brothers
3) У Бори а е де ей (ребёнок) Boris doesn't have children
4) У Бори а е е ёр (сестра) Boris doesn't have sisters
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5) У Бори а е де е (деньг ) Boris doesn't have money
5. Make genitive plural nouns from the words below:
1) У е я е а а о (стакан) I don't have a glass

2) Пя ь чаше (чашка) Five cups
3) Во е ь р е (кружка) Eight mugs
4) озда ие ез лаз (глаз) A creature without eyes
5) Без о ощей (овощ) Without vegetables
6) У а е р ш (груша) We don't have pears
7) е ь ор о (торт) Seven cakes
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Unit
Dative singular
3.11
We use it for "for" or "to" with indirect objects.
Answers questions: To/for whom? To/for what? (кому? чему?)
It's always used after some specific nouns like:
помогать to help, звон ть to call.
1. The direct object is needed for the indirect object of a sentence:
Subject + Verb + Object + Indirect object

I gave books to a friend
Я дал и и другу
2. Masculine endings in dative singular (-у and -ю):
Add -у to a consonant at the end
Replace -й with -ю
Replace -ь with -ю
Nominative singular Dative singular

рат brother ра у
оди ель driver оди елю
ер ей Sergey ер ею
3. Feminine endings dative singular (-е and - ):
Replace -а with -е
Replace - with -е
Replace - with -

а а mother а е
Над Nadya Наде
э иде epidemic э иде
IMPORTANT: the two most common dative irregular nouns are:
mother - а ь→ а ери
daughter - дочь → дочери
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4. Neuter endings in dative singular (-у and -ю):
Replace -о with -у
Replace -е with -ю

о о window о у
оре sea орю
зда е building зда ю
IMPORTANT: the two most common dative irregular neuter nouns are:
time ре я → ре е и
name и я → и е и
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1. Put the highlighted nouns in the dative singular case:
1) Ты е оз о ил ое _________ (уч тель)?

Have you already called your teacher?
2) По о а о а е да о о ае ое _________ (брат)
On Saturdays she always helps her brother
3) Ма а даё е ее оло о аше _________ кот)
Mother gives fresh milk to our cat
4) По ал й а, а и _________ (вод тель), ч о ы де да ь

Please, tell the driver that we will wait
5) К _________ (закат) ы е де др ой ра е
We will be in another country by the sunset
6) Поз о и е е за ра о _________ телефон)
Call me tomorrow by the phone (formal)
7) У а э о ре ра ый ла одаря _________ (лосось)
The soup has that nice taste thanks to the salmon
8) е од я я ид о и ое хороше _________ друг)
Today I go to visit my good friend
9) Вы е о о ли _________ (п сатель) ай и ю и фор ацию?
Have you already helped writer to find the needed information?
10) Я да оды _________ (конь)
I will give (some) water to the horse (male horse)
2. Make the correct form of highlighted nouns (by putting them in dative singular
form) to tell who calls who:
1) Ма а з о и _________ (папа)
Mother is calling father / Mother calls father
2) Па а з о и _________ (мама)
Father is calling mother / Father calls mother
3) Я з о ю _________ (бабушка)
I am calling grandmother / I call grandmother
4) М з о и _________ (жена)
Husband is calling wife / Husband calls wife
5) Ба ш а з о и _________ (дедушка)
Grandmother is calling grandfather / Grandmother calls grandfather
6) Тё я з о и _________ (д д )
Aunt is calling uncle / Aunt calls uncle
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7) Дядя з о и _________ (тёт )
Uncle is calling aunt / Uncle calls aunt
3. Put the highlighted nouns in the dative singular form:
1) Иди е _________ (станц )

Go to the station
2) Учё ые делали до лад о _________ (эп дем )
Scientist made a report on epidemy
3) О а до и ла е о э о о ла одаря _________ (мать)
She achieved all this thanks to her mother
4) Вы о о ы _________ (рег страц )?
Are you ready for the registration?
5) Вы о о ли ашей _________ (нац )
You helped our nation
6) З о и е _________ (пол ц ), а а о ощь
Call the police, we need help
7) Иди е _________ (лакац ) ы о и и дере ья и
Go to the location with high trees
8) Роди ели о о аю оей _________ (дочь)
Parents help their daughter
1) Подойди _________ (окно)

Come up to the window
2) О а о дала ед э о ре ра о _________ (создан е)
She gave food to this beautiful creature
3) Подойди _________ (здан е)
Come up to the building
4) Ез ай е _________ (море), ы ре и я а
Drive to the sea, we'll meet there
5) К _________ (мыло) е ре е зий
There are no complains on the soup (There are no claims on the soup)
6) Возь и ала _________ ( йцо)
Take some salad for the egg
7) Пря ый о _________ (м со)
Spicy souse for the meat
8) Ч о а о _________ (врем )? (slang)
How much time do we have? / Do we have time enough?
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9) Бла одаря аше до ро _________ ( м )
Thanks to your good name
5. Use dative singular case to tell who misses who:
1) М чае о _________ (жена)

Husband misses wife
2) Же а чае о _________ (муж)
Wife misses husband
3) Ба ш а чае о _________ (дедушка)
Grandmother misses grandfather
4) Дед ш а чае о _________ (бабушка)
Grandfather misses grandmother
5) е ра чае о _________ (брат)
Sister misses (her) brother
6) Бра чае о _________ (сестра)
Brother misses (his) sister
7) ер ей чае о _________ (Ан )
Sergei misses Anya
8) я чае о _________ ( ергей)
Anya misses Sergei
9) аша чае о _________ (Пет )
Sasha misses Petya
10) Валя чае о _________ (Кол )
Valya misses Kolya
11) Я чаю о _________ Вал )
I miss Valya
12) Я чаю о _________ (мама)
I miss my mom
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1. Put the highlighted nouns in the dative singular case:
1) Ты е оз о ил ое чи елю (уч тель)?

Have you already called your teacher?
2) По о а о а е да о о ае ое ра (брат)
On Saturdays she always helps her brother
3) Ма а даё е ее оло о аше о (кот)
Mother gives fresh milk to our cat
4) По ал й а, а и оди елю (вод тель), ч о ы де да ь

Please, tell the driver that we will wait
5) К за а (закат) ы е де др ой ра е
We will be in another country by the sunset
6) Поз о и е е за ра о елефо (телефон)
Call me tomorrow by the phone (formal)
7) У а э о ре ра ый ла одаря ло о ю (лосось)
The soup has that nice taste thanks to the salmon
8) е од я я ид о и ое хороше др (друг)
Today I go to visit my good friend
9) Вы е о о ли и а елю (п сатель) ай и ю и фор ацию?
Have you already helped writer to find the needed information?
10) Я да оды о ю (конь)
I will give (some) water to the horse (male horse)
2. Make the correct form of highlighted nouns (by putting them in dative singular
form) to tell who calls who:
1) Ма а з о и а е (папа)
Mother is calling father / Mother calls father
2) Па а з о и а е (мама)
Father is calling mother / Father calls mother
3) Я з о ю а ш е (бабушка)
I am calling grandmother / I call grandmother
4) М з о и е е (жена)
Husband is calling wife / Husband calls wife
5) Ба ш а з о и дед ш а (дедушка)
Grandmother is calling grandfather / Grandmother calls grandfather
6) Тё я з о и дяде (д д )
Aunt is calling uncle / Aunt calls uncle
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7) Дядя з о и ё е (тёт )
Uncle is calling aunt / Uncle calls aunt
1) Иди е а ции (станц )

Go to the station
2) Учё ые делали до лад о э иде ии (эп дем )
Scientist made a report on epidemy
3) О а до и ла е о э о о ла одаря а ери (мать)
She achieved all this thanks to her mother
4) Вы о о ы ре и рации (рег страц )?
Are you ready for the registration?
5) Вы о о ли ашей ации (нац )
You helped our nation
6) З о и е олиции (пол ц ), а а о ощь
Call the police, we need help
7) Иди е ло ации (лакац ) ы о и и дере ья и
Go to the location with high trees
8) Роди ели о о аю оей дочери (дочь)
Parents help their daughter
1) Подойди о (окно)
Come up to the window
2) О а о дала ед э о ре ра о озда ию (создан е)
She gave food to this beautiful creature
3) Подойди зда ию (здан е)
Come up to the building
4) Ез ай е орю (море), ы ре и я а
Drive to the sea, we'll meet there
5) К ыл (мыло) е ре е зий
There are no complains on the soup (There are no claims on the soup)
6) Возь и ала яйц ( йцо)
Take some salad for the egg
7) Пря ый о я (м со)
Spicy souse for the meat
8) Ч о а о ре е и (врем )? (slang)
How much time do we have? / Do we have time enough?
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9) Бла одаря аше до ро и е и( м )
Thanks to your good name
5. Use dative singular case to tell who misses who:
1) М чае о е е (жена)
Husband misses wife
2) Же а чае о (муж)
Wife misses husband
3) Ба ш а чае о дед ш е (дедушка)
Grandmother misses grandfather
4) Дед ш а чае о а ш е (бабушка)
Grandfather misses grandmother
5) е ра чае о ра (брат)
Sister misses (her) brother
6) Бра чае о е ре (сестра)
Brother misses (his) sister
7) ер ей чае о е (Ан )
Sergei misses Anya
8) я чае о ер ею ( ергей)
Anya misses Sergei
9) аша чае о Пе е (Пет )
Sasha misses Petya
10) Валя чае о Коле (Кол )
Valya misses Kolya
11) Я чаю о Вале (Вал )
I miss Valya
12) Я чаю о а е (мама)
I miss my mom
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Unit
Dative plural
3.12
We use it for "for" or "to" with indirect objects.
Answers questions: To/for whom? To/for what? (кому? чему?)
It's always used after some specific nouns like:
помогать to help, звон ть to call.
For example:
Я ра азал ои друзь м
I told my friends
Dative plural has the same ending for all genders
1. All nouns, which ends in nominative singular in a consonant, -а, or -о have -ам in
dative plural:
If it's a consonant - just add that -ам ending.

If it's -а or -о, remove the last letter of it in Nominative singular and add the ending
-ам to make it dative plural.
For example:
рач → Я з о ю рачам I call the doctors
де ш а → Я з о ю де ш ам I call the girls
2. The nouns which have anything else at the end in Nominative plural (-й, -ь, - , -
, -е, - е) in dative plural get - м ending:
Remove the last letter of nominative singular and add - м.
For exmples:
ло ь → Я о о аю ди и ло м I help wild elks

юле ь → Я з о ю юле м I call seals
3. For irregular nominative nouns, you need to form dative plural from nominative
plural nouns:
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Nominative singular Nominative plural Dative plural
др др зь др зь м
ре ё о де де м
чело е люд люд м
4. Completely irregular nouns:
дочь → дочер м
ре → ре енам
и → и енам
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1. Form the dative plural case from the words below:
1) З о и _________ (врач)!
Call the doctors!
2) О ча о дари ц е ы _________ (девушка)
He often presents flowers to girls
3) Мы ла одар ы аши _________ (мама)
We are thankful to our mothers
4) Мы лы ё ра и ы _________ остров)
We sale to the beautiful islands
5) Бо е ой, я е ерю ои _________ глаз)!
Oh my God! I don't believe my eyes!
6) Ты о о _________ (экзамен)?
Are you ready (prepared) for the exams?
7) Горо а е и до а и, ла одаря _________ (кварт ра)
Citizens live with conveniences thank to the flats
8) Па а о ае и р ш и _________ (девочка)
Father is buying toys for the girls
9) Я о ерял е ла одаря_________ (фрукт)
I lost weight thanks to the fruits
2. Put the highlighted nouns in the dative plural form:
1) О е ери ар и о о ае _________ (конь)!

He is a vet and (he) helps horses
2) О о азы ае о ые до а ольши _________ (семь )
He shows new houses to the big families
3) Пойдё е ы о и _________ (здан е)
Let's go to those tall buildings
4) Наша ра а из е а ла одаря _________ (герой)
Our country is famous thanks to the heroes
5) Волше ый еди оро о о ае _________ (фе )
Magical unicorn helps fairies
6) Тише, о ал й а, я з о ю _________ (уч тель)
Be quiet please, I'm calling the teachers
7) Пойдё _________ (кухн )
Let's go to the kitchens
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1) У а е ь и лород ла одаря _________ (дерево)
We have the oxygen thanks to the trees
2) Я лю лю о о а ь _________ (друг)
I love to help my friends
3) О а а дый де ь з о и ои _________ (дет )
She calls her children everyday
4) У е о до рое ердце, о е да о о ае _________ (человек)
He has a kind heart, he always helps people
5) Перейдё _________ ( м )
Let's move to the names
6) О и зы аю ё ы _________ (врем )
They are invoking to the dark times
7) О а чи ае аз и ои _________ (дочь)
She reads fairytales to her daughters
8) О о о ае ои _________ (брат) о че ер а
He helps his brothers on Thursdays
9) О а з о и ои _________ (сын) а дый ор и
She calls her sons every Tuesday
10) Я е ерю ои _________ (ухо)!
I don't believe my ears!
4. Make dative plural nouns from the words below:
1) Я до еряю _________ (компьютер)

I trust computers
2) О о азы ае о ар _________ (кл ент)
He shows product to the clients
3) О а до еряе _________ (лошадь)
She trusts horses
4) Пойдё _________ (телефон)
Let's go the phones
5) Я до еряю ои _________ (подруга)
I trust my friends (here: female friends)
6) Ты до еряешь _________ (доктор)?
Do you trust doctors?
7) Я и ла одаря _________ (спасатель)
I'm alive thank to the rescuers
8) Бла одаря ои _________ (страдан ) ы о , о ые ь
Thanks to your sufferings you are who you are
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1) род тель ______________ parent

2) подарок ______________ gift /present
3) в лка ______________ fork
4) нож ______________ knife
5) маш на ______________ car
6) карандаш ______________ pencil
7) чашка ______________ cup
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1) З о и рача (врач)!
Call the doctors!
2) О ча о дари ц е ы де ш а (девушка)
He often presents flowers to girls
3) Мы ла одар ы аши а а (мама)
We are thankful to our mothers
4) Мы лы ё ра и ы о ро а (остров)
We sale to the beautiful islands
5) Бо е ой, я е ерю ои лаза (глаз)!
Oh my God! I don't believe my eyes!
6) Ты о о э за е а (экзамен)?
Are you ready (prepared) for the exams?
7) Горо а е и до а и, ла одаря ар ира (кварт ра)
Citizens live with conveniences thank to the flats
8) Па а о ае и р ш и де оч а (девочка)
Father is buying toys for the girls
9) Я о ерял е ла одаря фр а (фрукт)
I lost weight thanks to the fruits
1) О е ери ар и о о ае о я (конь)!
He is a vet and (he) helps horses
2) О о азы ае о ые до а ольши е ья (семь )
He shows new houses to the big families
3) Пойдё е ы о и зда ия (здан е)
Let's go to those tall buildings
4) Наша ра а из е а ла одаря ероя (герой)
Our country is famous thanks to the heroes
5) Волше ый еди оро о о ае фея (фе )
Magical unicorn helps fairies
6) Тише, о ал й а, я з о ю чи еля (уч тель)
Be quiet please, I'm calling the teachers
7) Пойдё х я (кухн )
Let's go to the kitchens
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1) У а е ь и лород ла одаря дере ья (дерево)
We have the oxygen thanks to the trees
2) Я лю лю о о а ь др зья (друг)
I love to help my friends
3) О а а дый де ь з о и ои де я (дет )
She calls her children everyday
4) У е о до рое ердце, о е да о о ае людя (человек)
He has a kind heart, he always helps people
5) Перейдё и е а ( м )
Let's move to the names
6) О и зы аю ё ы ре е а (врем )
They are invoking to the dark times
7) О а чи ае аз и ои дочеря (дочь)
She reads fairytales to her daughters
8) О о о ае ои ра ья (брат) о че ер а
He helps his brothers on Thursdays
9) О а з о и ои ы о ья (сын) а дый ор и
She calls her sons every Tuesday
10) Я е ерю ои ша (ухо)!
I don't believe my ears!
1) Я до еряю о ью ера (компьютер)

I trust computers
2) О о азы ае о ар лие а (кл ент)
He shows product to the clients
3) О а до еряе лошадя (лошадь)
She trusts horses
4) Пойдё елефо а (телефон)
Let's go the phones
5) Я до еряю ои одр а (подруга)
I trust my friends (here: female friends)
6) Ты до еряешь до ора (доктор)?
Do you trust doctors?
7) Я и ла одаря а а еля (спасатель)
I'm alive thank to the rescuers
8) Бла одаря ои рада ия (страдан ) ы о , о ые ь
Thanks to your sufferings you are who you are
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1) род тель роди еля parent

2) подарок одар а gift /present
3) в лка ил а fork
4) нож о а knife
5) маш на аши а car
6) карандаш ара даша pencil
7) чашка чаш а cup
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Unit
Instrumental singular
3.13
We use instrumental case to describe the means by which an action is performed:
I hit with a hand, I love you with all my heart.
We also use it as complement of a verb:
I work as a teacher.
Answers questions: By whom? By what? (кем? чем?)
We use it with time phrases, common reflexive verbs and with certain preposition
(which will be considered later in this course).
Exampels:
О а дарила е о рукой
She hit him with a hand.
О ио ра или ь Бразилию самолётом
They went to Brazil by plane.
Use preposition "c" before the noun, if "with" means "accompanied by". Compare two
examples:
He caress her with a hand. О лади её рукой. (no need of "c")
She went with her brother. О а ехала с братом. (you need an "c" here)
Use instrumental singular with time and seasons:
зи ой → in winter
о е ью → in autumn
очью → at night
ечеро → in the evening
Reflexive verb are followed by instrumental case:
О аи ере е я плаван ем
She is interested in swimming
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О за и ае я р сован ем
He is engaged in drawing
1. Masculine nouns:
For a consonant add -ом
ол → олом table
рат → ра ом brother
In other cases delete the last letter and add -ем
ерой → ероем hero
(even though й is a consonant, you have to remove it to form instrumental)
роди ель → роди елем parent
оди ель → оди елем driver
REMEMBER! We can't have unstressed "o" after ж, ч, ш, щ, ц. Use "е" instead.
→ е husband
2. Feminine nouns:
If a word ends in -а remove last letter and add -ой
е ра → е рой sister
ош а → ош ой cat
If a words ends in - and - , remove last letter and add -ей.
зе л → зе лей earth, land, soil
а л → а лей drop
If a feminine noun ends in soft sign, don't remove it, just add -ю at the end.
очь → очью night
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ле ь → ле ью laziness
REMEMBER! We can't have unstressed "o" after ж, ч, ш, щ, ц. Use "е" instead.
лица → лицей street
3. Neuter nouns:
Just add -м, that's it
и о → и ом wine
о о→о ом window
ро → ром morning
Exception: ре я → ре е е time
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1. Put the highlighted nouns in the instrumental singular form:
1) Я ор ь ои _________ (брат)
I'm proud of my brother
2) О а ри е роз _________ (карандаш)
She is drawing a rose with a pencil
3) ра а орди я _________ (герой)
A country is proud of (her) hero
4) О а ра о ае _________ (уч тель)
She works as a teacher
5) О а орди я ои _________ (муж)
She is proud of her husband
6) Я ре о ощи _________ (нож)
I cut vegetables with a knife
7) Мы до рали ь юда _________ (самолёт)
We got here by a plane
8) На я дарила е о _________ (телефон)
Nastya hit him with a phone
9) О до рал я да _________ (поезд)
He got there by train
10) Я до рал я да _________ (автобус)
I got there by bus
1) Я ор ь оей _________ (мама)

I'm proud of my mother
2) О о оше иях э ой _________ (девушка)
He is in a relationship with that girl
3) О а дарила е о _________ (рука)
She hit him with a hand
4) Я и ере ю ь о оч ой _________ (культура)
I'm interested in eastern culture
5) О и ере е я _________ ( стор )
He is interested in history
6) Я ро ы аю я о _________ (в лка)
I pierce meat with a fork
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7) О а и ере е я э ой о ой _________ (кн га)
She is interested in this new book
8) О а дарила ора _________ (сковорода)
She hit a thief with a frying pan
9) О а лю е я э ой _________ (карт на)
She adores this painting
3. State who is interested in what, by putting the following words in instrumental

singular case:
1) О а ле ае я _________ (чтен е)
She is keen on reading
2) Маша ле ае я _________ (плаван е)
Masha is interested in swimming
3) Д о ле ае я _________ (р сован е)
Jhon is interested in drawing
4) а ле ае я и а и _________ ( зык)
Stas in interested in Spanish language
5) Ка я ле ае я _________ (арх тектура)
Katya (Kate) is interested in architecture
6) На аша ле ае я _________ (музыка)
Natasha is interested in music
4. Write who went with who, by putting the nouns in the instrumental singular form.
Please, don't forget about the preposition "c":
1) О а ехала _________ (брат)

She went with (her) brother
2) Мари а ехала _________ (сестра)
Marina went with (her) sister
3) Я ехал _________ (мама)
I went with (my) mother
4) Ни и а ехал _________ (друг)
Nikita went with (his) friend
5) На аша ехала _________ (парень)
Natasha went with (her) boyfriend (па нь can also mean "guy")
6) Миша ехал _________ (девушка)
Misha went with (her) girlfriend ( ушка can also mean "girl/lady")
7) Дед ш а ехал _________ (бабушка)
Grandfather went with (my) grandmother
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8) О а ехала _________ (муж)
She went with (her) husband
9) Коля ехал _________ (жена)
Kolya went with (his) wife
5. Put the verbs below in the prepositional singular, don't forget that some word need
the preposition "c":
1) Я ч ор аль ий _________ (друг)

I learn Portuguese with (my) friend
2) Э а ар и а ари о а а оей _________ сестра)
This painting is drawn by my sister
3) _________ (Осень) я лю лю и ь орячий чай о ечера
In autumn, I like to drink hot tea in the evenings
4) Э а и а а и а а её _________ (парень)
This book is written by her boyfriend
5) _________ (З ма) оче ь холод о
It's very cold in winter
6) Ре ё о и рае _________ (кот)
A child is playing with a cat
7) О ляе _________ (собака) а дое ро
He takes a walk with a dog every morning
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1) Я ор ь ои ра о (брат)
I'm proud of my brother
2) О а ри е роз ара дашо (карандаш)
She is drawing a rose with a pencil
3) ра а орди я ерое (герой)
A country is proud of (her) hero
4) О а ра о ае чи еле (уч тель)
She works as a teacher
5) О а орди я ои е (муж)
She is proud of her husband
6) Я ре о ощи о о (нож)
I cut vegetables with a knife
7) Мы до рали ь юда а олё о (самолёт)
We got here by a plane
8) На я дарила е о елефо о (телефон)
Nastya hit him with a phone
9) О до рал я да оездо (поезд)
He got there by train
10) Я до рал я да а о о (автобус)
I got there by bus
1) Я ор ь оей а ой (мама)
I'm proud of my mother
2) О о оше иях э ой де ш ой (девушка)
He is in a relationship with that girl
3) О а дарила е о р ой (рука)
She hit him with a hand
4) Я и ере ю ь о оч ой ль рой (культура)
I'm interested in eastern culture
5) О и ере е я и орией ( стор )
He is interested in history
6) Я ро ы аю я о ил ой (в лка)
I pierce meat with a fork
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7) О а и ере е я э ой о ой и ой (кн га)
She is interested in this new book
8) О а дарила ора о ородой (сковорода)
She hit a thief with a frying pan
9) О а лю е я э ой ар и ой (карт на)
She adores this painting
3. State who is interested in what, by putting the following words in instrumental

singular case:
1) О а ле ае я ч е ие (чтен е)
She is keen on reading
2) Маша ле ае я ла а ие (плаван е)
Masha is interested in swimming
3) Д о ле ае я ри о а ие (р сован е)
Jhon is interested in drawing
4) а ле ае я и а и язы о ( зык)
Stas in interested in Spanish language
5) Ка я ле ае я архи е рой (арх тектура)
Katya (Kate) is interested in architecture
6) На аша ле ае я зы ой (музыка)
Natasha is interested in music
4. Write who went with who, by putting the nouns in the instrumental singular form.
Please, don't forget about the preposition "c":
1) О а ехала ра о (брат)
She went with (her) brother
2) Мари а ехала е рой (сестра)
Marina went with (her) sister
3) Я ехал а ой (мама)
I went with (my) mother
4) Ни и а ехал др о (друг)
Nikita went with (his) friend
5) На аша ехала ар еи (парень)
Natasha went with (her) boyfriend (па нь can also mean "guy")
6) Миша ехал де ш ой (девушка)
Misha went with (her) girlfriend ( ушка can also mean "girl/lady")
7) Дед ш а ехал а ш ой (бабушка)
Grandfather went with (my) grandmother
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8) О а ехала е (муж)
She went with (her) husband
9) Коля ехал е ой (жена)
Kolya went with (his) wife
5. Put the verbs below in the prepositional singular, don't forget that some word need
the preposition "c":
1) Я ч ор аль ий др о (друг)
I learn Portuguese with (my) friend
2) Э а ар и а ари о а а оей е рой (сестра)
This painting is drawn by my sister
3) О е ью (Осень) я лю лю и ь орячий чай о ечера
In autumn, I like to drink hot tea in the evenings
4) Э а и а а и а а её ар е (парень)
This book is written by her boyfriend
5) Зи ой (З ма) оче ь холод о
It's very cold in winter
6) Ре ё о и рае о о (кот)
A child is playing with a cat
7) О ляе о а ой (собака) а дое ро
He takes a walk with a dog every morning
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Unit
Instrumental plural
3.14
We use instrumental case to describe the means by which an action is performed:
I hit with a hand, I love you with all my heart.
We also use it as complement of a verb:
They work as teachers.
Answers questions: By whom? By what? (кем? чем?)
Good for us, endings for instrumental plural are the same for all genders (-ам or -
м ).
1. If a noun ends in -а, - or a consonant, its ending is -ам :
If it is a consonant - just add -ам
Кара даш → ара дашам pencil
Но → о ам knife
Я лю лю и а ь ара дашам
I like to write with pencils
Яи ере ю ь о ам
I am interested in knives
If it's -а or -о, remove last letter and add -ам
К и а→ и ам book
Р а→р ам hand
2. If the noun we use ends in anything else (-й, -ь, - , - , - е, е), its ending is
- м :
Remove the last letter of it and add - м :
ерой → еро м
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зда ие → зда и м
Я ид и о еро м
I go to the cinema with heroes
Яи ере ю ь ары и зда и м
I am interested in old buildings
3. Irregulars part one:
For nouns which have irregular form in nominative, we use nominative plural
(irregular) to make instrumental plural
But it is as well always -ам or - м
Nominative sing Nominative plur Instrumental plur

ре ре е а ре е а и
ород орода орода и
др г др зь др зья и
л ль лья и
хо ш ша и
4. Irregulars part two:
Nominative sing Nominative plur Instrumental plur

дочь дочери дочерь и
ре ё о де и де ь и
чело е люди людь и
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1. Put the highlighted nouns in the instrumental plural form:
1) О а ри е ц е ы и _________ (карандаш)
She is drawing with colored pencils
2) О и ере е я _________ (нож)
He is interested in knifes
3) О а е и ере е я _________ (компьютер)
She is not interested in computers
4) Я о хищаю ь и о ра ы и _________ ( зык)
I adore foreign languages
5) Я ид и о _________ (друг)
I go to a cinema with (my) friends
6) _________ (город) роиз оди я о о за ряз е ий
Many pollutions are produced by cities
7) Вир оло и ере е я _________ (в рус)
Virologist is interested in viruses
8) Э о Маша и Ка я, о и ра о аю _________ (уч тель)
These are Masha and Katya, they work as teachers
9) _________ (п сатель) ише я о о и .
Many books are being written by writers
10) Я идел е о ои и _________ (глаз)!
I saw him with my own eyes!
1) Я делал э о ои и _________ (рука)

I made this with my own hands
2) О а и ере е я _________ (кн га) а и ай о язы е
She is interested in books in Chinese
3) Э о ир ере о и я _________ (пт ца)
This virus is transferred by birds
4) О и да я и о рад _________ (ногам ), а и о ю ле азад
They press down grape with (their) legs, just as a hundred of years ago
5) Мой др и ере е я азиа и и _________ (страна)
My friend is interested in Asian countries
6) Ме д _________ (тетрадь) ле и р ч а
The pen is laying between the copybooks
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7) Холод ы и _________ (ночь) я д аю о е е
During cold nights I think about you
8) Я д аю ад _________ (проблемам ) оей из и
I think about the problems of my life
9) У их ад _________ (голова) роле ела ая иц
A flock of birds flew above their heads
3. Make instrumental plural nouns from the highlighted words below.
1) Миша о хищае я _________ (в но)

Misha adores wines
2) Ка я и ере е я ары и _________ (здан е)
Katya is interested in old buildings
3) О за але _________ (задан е)
He's overloaded with tasks
4) Маша и ере е я ифиче и и _________ (создан е)
Masha is interested in mythical creatures
4. Make instrumental plural nouns from the omitted nouns below.
1) о а а иди е д _________ (маш на)

The dog is sitting between the cars
2) Ко иди за _________ (девушка)
Cat is sitting behind the girls
3) В о райо е, за _________ (гора) аходи я оче ь ра и ое озеро
In that area, behind the mountains a very beautiful lake is placed
4) Ме д _________ (дерево) ра ё ольшой
A big bush is growing between the trees
5) Над _________ (стол) и я лю ры
Chandeliers are hanging above the tables
6) Под _________ (стул) ле а о ри и
Rugs are laying under the chairs
7) Ме д _________ (комната) и и ра и ая ар и а
A beautiful picture is hanging between the rooms
8) Над _________ (окно) и я ар и ы
The pictures are hanging above the windows

95
1) Мы шли _________ (поле)
We went away by fields
2) Э а и ория ра аза а _________ (герой)
This story was told by the heroes
3) Ле ар о ыло ы и а о _________ (врач)
The medicine was prescribed by doctors
4) За _________ (шкаф) ря а ы и р ш и
The toys are hidden behind the cupboards
5) У а за _________ (дом) е ь ад фр о ы и дере ья и
We have a garden with fruit trees behind the houses
6) О и ар ю ои аши ы еред _________ (забор)
They park their cars in front of the fences
7) Ме д _________ (тарелка) ле и алфе а
The napkin is laying between the plates
96
1) О а ри е ц е ы и ара даша и (карандаш)

She is drawing with colored pencils
2) О и ере е я о а и (нож)
He is interested in knifes
3) О а е и ере е я о ью ера и (компьютер)
She is not interested in computers
4) Я о хищаю ь и о ра ы и язы а и ( зык)
I adore foreign languages
5) Я ид и о др зья и (друг)
I go to a cinema with (my) friends
6) Города и (город) роиз оди я о о за ряз е ий
Many pollutions are produced by cities
7) Вир оло и ере е я ир а и (в рус)
Virologist is interested in viruses
8) Э о Маша и Ка я, о и ра о аю чи еля и (уч тель)
These are Masha and Katya, they work as teachers
9) Пи а еля и (п сатель) ише я о о и .
Many books are being written by writers
10) Я идел е о ои и лаза и (глаз)!
I saw him with my own eyes!
1) Я делал э о ои и р а и (рука)
I made this with my own hands
2) О а и ере е я и а и (кн га) а и ай о язы е
She is interested in books in Chinese
3) Э о ир ере о и я ица и (пт ца)
This virus is transferred by birds
4) О и да я и о рад о а и (ногам ), а и о ю ле азад
They press down grape with (their) legs, just as a hundred of years ago
5) Мой др и ере е я азиа и и ра а и (страна)
My friend is interested in Asian countries
6) Ме д е радя и (тетрадь) ле и р ч а
The pen is laying between the copybooks
97
7) Холод ы и оча и (ночь) я д аю о е е
During cold nights I think about you
8) Я д аю ад ро ле а и (проблема) оей из и
I think about the problems of my life
9) У их ад оло а и (голова) роле ела ая иц
A flock of birds flew above their heads
3. Make instrumental plural nouns from the highlighted words below.
1) Миша о хищае я и а и (в но)

Misha adores wines
2) Ка я и ере е я ары и зда ия и (здан е)
Katya is interested in old buildings
3) О за але зада ия и (задан е)
He's overloaded with tasks
4) Маша и ере е я ифиче и и озда ия и (создан е)
Masha is interested in mythical creatures
1) о а а иди е д аши а и (маш на)

The dog is sitting between the cars
2) Ко иди за де ш а и (девушка)
Cat is sitting behind the girls
3) В о райо е, за ора и (гора) аходи я оче ь ра и ое озеро
In that area, behind the mountains a very beautiful lake is placed
4) Ме д дере ья и (дерево) ра ё ольшой
A big bush is growing between the trees
5) Над ола и (стол) и я лю ры
Chandeliers are hanging above the tables
6) Под лья и (стул) ле а о ри и
Rugs are laying under the chairs
7) Ме д о а а и (комната) и и ра и ая ар и а
A beautiful picture is hanging between the rooms
8) Над о а и (окно) и я ар и ы
The pictures are hanging above the windows

98
1) Мы шли оля и (поле)
We went away by fields
2) Э а и ория ра аза а ероя и (герой)
This story was told by the heroes
3) Ле ар о ыло ы и а о рача и (врач)
The medicine was prescribed by doctors
4) За ш афа и (шкаф) ря а ы и р ш и
The toys are hidden behind the cupboards
5) У а за до а и (дом) е ь ад фр о ы и дере ья и
We have a garden with fruit trees behind the houses
6) О и ар ю ои аши ы еред за ора и (забор)
They park their cars in front of the fences
7) Ме д арел а и (тарелка) ле и алфе а
The napkin is laying between the plates
99
Unit
Prepositional singular
3.15
We use Prepositional case when we need to indicate position, especially with the
prepositions в (in, at) and на (on, at). And with preposition о/об (about).
Answers questions: About whom? About what? (о ком? о чём?)
1. Masculine nouns in prepositional singular:
For masculine nouns there is one ending in prepositional singular, and it is -е
Nom sing Prep Sentence Translation

singular
а а е Я ра о аю а е I work in a bank
за од за оде О а ра о ае а за оде She works at a factory
He works on the
о ью ер о ью ере О а ра о ае а о ью ере
computer
She is thinking about the
ерой ерое О ад ае о ерое
hero
And, of course another usage is about something/somebody...
Яд аю о оё коте
I think about my cat
2. Feminine nouns in prepositional singular:
For feminine there are two regular endings -е and - :
If a noun ends in -a or - change last letter to -е.
Nom sing Prep singular Sentence Translation

аши а аши е Я и аши е I sit in a car
ра о а ра о е Я а ра о е I am at work
If it ends in - or -ь, then change the last letter on
Nom sing Prep singular Sentence Translation

ышь ыш аз а о ыш Fairytale about a mouse
Бразил Бразили Я и Бразили I live in Brazil
е ь е Мы иди е We sit in a shadow
Exceptions:
Ма ь → а ери
100
Дочь → дочери
3. Neuter nouns:
There are two regular endings for neuter nouns -е and - :
Nom sing Prep sing Sentence Translation

и о и е Я д аю о хороше в не I think about good wine
еле еле О раши ае о желе He asks about jelly
ида ие ида ии Мы на св дан We are on a date
Two exceptions:
ре → ре ен
и → и ен
4. Most important exceptions:
аэро ор → аэро ор , аэро ор е
ере → ере , ере е
од → од , оде
лёд → льд , льде
ад → ад , аде
ол → л , ле
ол → ол , оле
е → е , е е
ш аф → ш аф , ш афе
101
1. Put the highlighted nouns in the prepositional singular form:
1) Коля ра о ае _________ (банк)

Kolya works in a bank
2) Маша ра о ае _________ (магаз н)
Masha work in a shop
3) Я ра о аю _________ (оф с)
I work at the office
4) Е о е ра ра о ае а _________ (компьютер)
His sister is working on the computer
5) Мой дед ш а ра о ае _________ (ун верс тет)
My grandfather works at university
6) Её о ец ра о ае а _________ (завод)
Her father work on the factory
7) О а ра азы ае а о оё _________ (кот)
She is telling us about her cat
8) Мой о ец ра азы ае а о _________ (герой)
My father is telling us about a hero
9) Я ча о д аю о _________ (дом)
I often think about home
10) Ты ра азы аешь ей о о _________ (случай)?
Are you telling her about that case?
11) Под ай о оё _________ (друг)
Think about your friend
12) На _________ (стол) ле и азе а
A paper is laying on the table
13) Я еч аю о оряче _________ (суп)
I dream about hot soup
1) О а ра о ае _________ (школа)
She works at school
2) В _________ (аптека) родаю ле ар а
The medicine is sold in the pharmacy
3) Ч о ы з аешь о э ой _________ (женщ на)?
What do you know about that woman?
102
4) О а о е ча а и о ори ь о оей _________ (собака)
She can talk about her dog for ours
5) Ра а и е о оей _________ (кошка)
Tell me about your cat
6) Ты еешь и ра ь а _________ (г тара)
Can you play the guitar?
7) На _________ (маш на) е ь леды о о и
There are traces of chase on the car
8) Я о аза ь о о хороше о о э ой _________ (кн га)
I can tell a lot of good things about this book
9) Ре ё о ои а _________ (голова)
The child is standing on (his) head
10) Ра а и е, о ал й а, о оей _________ (работа)
Tell me please about your job
1) Ра а и а о э о _________ (создан е)
Tell us about this creature
2) На _________ (окно) ои ц е о
There flower is standing on the window
3) О _________ (тепло) о е рии а э ой е ьи ходя ле е ды
There are legends about the warmth of the hospitality of this family
4) Ч о ы о ешь аза ь о э о _________ (в но)
What can you say about this wine?
5) Гид ра азы ае о ари о _________ (здан е)
The guide is telling about an ancient building
6) В _________ (ведро) ода
The water is in the bucket
7) Ч о ы д аешь о э о _________ (дело)?
What do you think about this affair?
8) На её _________ (тело) ле а ле е и роз
Rose petals are laying on her body
1) _________ (пт ца)

bird
2) _________ (муравей)
ant
103
3) _________ (оса)
wasp
4) _________ (кузнеч к)
grasshoper
5) _________ (рыба)
Fish
6) _________ (слон)
elefant
7) _________ (т гр)
tiger
8) _________ (макака)
macaque
9) _________ (сова)
owl
10) _________ (г ена)
hyena
11) _________ (кабан)
wild boar
12) _________ (муха)
fly
1) Ра а и а о э ой _________ (река)
Tell us about this river
2) На _________ (гора) е ь до
There's a house on the mountain
3) О э о _________ (озеро) л чше е о ори ь
It's better to not talk about this lake
4) На _________ (пол) раз ро а ы и р ш и
The toys are scattered all over the floor
5) На _________ (угол) лицы П ш и а и Кра ой
On the corner of the Pushking and Krasnaya (red) street
6) На _________ (снег) леды ол о
There are footprints of wolves on the snow
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1) Коля ра о ае а е (банк)
Kolya works in a bank
2) Маша ра о ае а ази е (магаз н)
Masha work in a shop
3) Я ра о аю офи е (оф с)
I work at the office
4) Е о е ра ра о ае а о ью ере (компьютер)
His sister is working on the computer
5) Мой дед ш а ра о ае и ер и е е (ун верс тет)
My grandfather works at university
6) Её о ец ра о ае а за оде (завод)
Her father work on the factory
7) О а ра азы ае а о оё о е (кот)
She is telling us about her cat
8) Мой о ец ра азы ае а о ерое (герой)
My father is telling us about a hero
9) Я ча о д аю о до е (дом)
I often think about home
10) Ты ра азы аешь ей о о л чае (случай)?
Are you telling her about that case?
11) Под ай о оё др е (друг)
12) На оле (стол) ле и азе а
A paper is laying on the table
13) Я еч аю о оряче е (суп)
I dream about hot soup
1) О а ра о ае ш оле (школа)
She works at school
2) В а е е (аптека) родаю ле ар а
The medicine is sold in the pharmacy
3) Ч о ы з аешь о э ой е щи е (женщ на)?
What do you know about that woman?
105
4) О а о е ча а и о ори ь о оей о а е (собака)
She can talk about her dog for ours
5) Ра а и е о оей ош е (кошка)
Tell me about your cat
6) Ты еешь и ра ь а и аре (г тара)
Can you play the guitar?
7) На аши е (маш на) е ь леды о о и
There are traces of chase on the car
8) Я о аза ь о о хороше о о э ой и е (кн га)
I can tell a lot of good things about this book
9) Ре ё о ои а оло е (голова)
The child is standing on (his) head
10) Ра а и е, о ал й а, о оей ра о е (работа)
Tell me please about your job
1) Ра а и а о э о озда ии (создан е)
Tell us about this creature
2) На о е (окно) ои ц е о
There flower is standing on the window
3) О е ле (тепло) о е рии а э ой е ьи ходя ле е ды
There are legends about the warmth of the hospitality of this family
4) Ч о ы о ешь аза ь о э о и е (в но)
What can you say about this wine?
5) Гид ра азы ае о ари о зда ии (здан е)
The guide is telling about an ancient building
6) В едре (ведро) ода
The water is in the bucket
7) Ч о ы д аешь о э о деле (дело)?
What do you think about this affair?
8) На её еле (тело) ле а ле е и роз
Rose petals are laying on her body
1) ице (пт ца)

bird
2) ара ье (муравей)
ant
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3) о е (оса)
wasp
4) з ечи е (кузнеч к)
grasshoper
5) ры е (рыба)
Fish
6) ло е (слон)
elefant
7) и ре (т гр)
tiger
8) а а е (макака)
macaque
9) о е (сова)
owl
10) ие е (г ена)
hyena
11) а а е (кабан)
wild boar
12) хе (муха)
fly
1) Ра а и а о э ой ре е (река)
Tell us about this river
2) На оре (гора) е ь до
There's a house on the mountain
3) О э о озере (озеро) л чше е о ори ь
It's better to not talk about this lake
4) На ол (пол) раз ро а ы и р ш и
The toys are scattered all over the floor
5) На л (угол) лицы П ш и а и Кра ой
On the corner of the Pushking and Krasnaya (red) street
6) На е (снег) леды ол о
There are footprints of wolves on the snow
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Unit
Prepositional plural
3.16
We use Prepositional case when we need to indicate position, especially with the
prepositions в (in, at) and на (on, at). And with preposition о/об (about).
Answers questions: About whom? About what? (о ком? о чём?)
There are two endings for prepositional plural -ах and - х (for all genders)
1. If the noun ends in consonant, -а or -о, its ending is -ах:
For masculine nouns there is one ending in prepositional singular, and it is -е
For nouns with a consonant at the end just add -ах.
До → до ах
О и и до ах
They live in houses
ол → олах
О д ае о олах
He thinks about tables
If it ends in -а or -о, remove the last letter and add -ах to it.
Маши а → аши ах
О и ездя а аши ах
They drive cars
О о →о ах
Я и людей о ах
I see people in the windows
Ве а → е ах
Лю о ь ечё оих е ах
Love flows in my veins
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2. Other endings such as -й, -ь, - , - , -е, - е:
For other endings, such as -й, -ь, -я, -ия, -е, -ие, the ending in prepositional plural is
- х
Remove the last letter and add - х
Герой → еро х
О а лю и чи а ь о и ы о еро х
She loves to read comic books about heroes
Лошадь → лошад х
О ра азы ае о лошад х
He tells about horses
Зда е → зда и х
Люди и зда и х
People live in buildings
3. Exceptions 1:
Their prepositional plural based on its nominative plural:
Nom sing Nom plur Prep plur

ород орода Городах
др г др зь Др зь х
ре ё ок Де де х
л ль ль х
чело ек люд люд х
4. Exceptions 2:
а ь → а ерях
дочь → дочерях
ре я → ре е ах
и я → и е ах
EXAMPLE:
Пе яо а ерях
Song about mothers
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1. Put the highlighted nouns in the prepositional plural form:
1) Люди и _________ (дом)

People live in houses
2) Тарел и ле а а _________ (стол)
The plates are (laying) on the table
3) Учи ель ра азы ае о _________ (герой) ой ы
Teacher is telling about the heroes of the war
4) О а ра азы ае о _________ (мужч на)
She tells about men
5) Маши ы ри ар о а ы _________ (гараж)
Cars are parked in the garages
6) Го и идя а _________ (стул)
The guests are sitting on the chairs
7) Кирилл ра азы ае о оих _________ (друг)
Kirill is telling about his friends
1) Люди ездя а _________ (маш на)

People drive cars
2) Ра а и е о э их _________ (кн га)
Tell me about these books
3) Ч о ы д аешь о ех _________ (девушка)?
What do you think about these girls?
4) Я д о и ь е я а _________ (рука)
I will care a lot about you (lit: I will carry you in my hands)
5) Учи еля ра о аю _________ (школа)
Teachers work at schools
6) Врачи ра о аю _________ (больн ца)
Doctors work at hospitals
7) Шах еры ра о аю _________ (шахта)
Miners work in mines
3. Put the highlighted nouns in the prepositional plural form
1) О _________ (поле)
about fields
2) О _________ (окно)
About windows
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3) О _________ (здан е)
about buildings
4) О _________ (создан е)
about creatures
5) О _________ (дело)
about affairs
6) О _________ (место)
about places
1) Я ищ о ые ло а _________ (учебн к)
I look for new words in the textbooks
2) Я ахо о ые ло а а _________ (сайт)
I find new words on the websites
3) Люди я а _________ (кровать)
People sleep on beds
4) О и и ольших _________ (город)
They live in big cities
5) Люди и _________ (деревн )
People live in the villages
6) Мы о ори о _________ (человек)
We talk about people
1) Биоло ра азы ае _________ (кактус)

Biologist is telling about cacti
2) О а д ае о _________ (лошадь)
She thinks about horses
3) Мой др ра азы ае о _________ (собака)
My friend is telling about dogs
4) Маша ра азы ае о _________ (утка)
Masha is telling about ducks
5) Ве ери ар о ори о _________ (кот)
Vet is talking about cats
6) Биоло ра азы ае о _________ (носорог)
Biologist is telling about rhinos
7) Охо и ра азы ае о _________ (волк)
Hunter is telling about wolves
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1) Люди и до ах (дом)
People live in houses
2) Тарел и ле а а олах (стол)
The plates are (laying) on the table
3) Учи ель ра азы ае о ероях (герой) ой ы
Teacher is telling about the heroes of the war
4) О а ра азы ае о чи ах (мужч на)
She tells about men
5) Маши ы ри ар о а ы ара ах (гараж)
Cars are parked in the garages
6) Го и идя а льях (стул)
The guests are sitting on the chairs
7) Кирилл ра азы ае о оих др зьях (друг)
Kirill is telling about his friends
1) Люди ездя а аши ах (маш на)

People drive cars
2) Ра а и е о э их и ах (кн га)
Tell me about these books
3) Ч о ы д аешь о ех де ш ах (девушка)?
What do you think about these girls?
4) Я д о и ь е я а р ах (рука)
I will care a lot about you (lit: I will carry you in my hands)
5) Учи еля ра о аю ш олах (школа)
Teachers work at schools
6) Врачи ра о аю оль ицах (больн ца)
Doctors work at hospitals
7) Шах еры ра о аю шах ах (шахта)
Miners work in mines
3. Put the highlighted nouns in the prepositional plural form
1) О олях (поле)
about fields
2) О о ах (окно)
About windows
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3) О зда иях (здан е)
about buildings
4) О озда иях (создан е)
about creatures
5) О делах (дело)
about affairs
6) О е ах (место)
about places
1) Я ищ о ые ло а че и ах (учебн к)
I look for new words in the textbooks
2) Я ахо о ые ло а а ай ах (сайт)
I find new words on the websites
3) Люди я а ро а ях (кровать)
People sleep on beds
4) О и и ольших ородах (город)
They live in big cities
5) Люди и дере ях (деревн )
People live in the villages
6) Мы о ори о людях (человек)
We talk about people
1) Биоло ра азы ае а ах (кактус)

Biologist is telling about cacti
2) О а д ае о лошадях (лошадь)
She thinks about horses
3) Мой др ра азы ае о о а ах (собака)
My friend is telling about dogs
4) Маша ра азы ае о ах (утка)
Masha is telling about ducks
5) Ве ери ар о ори о о ах (кот)
Vet is talking about cats
6) Биоло ра азы ае о о оро ах (носорог)
Biologist is telling about rhinos
7) Охо и ра азы ае о ол ах (волк)
Hunter is telling about wolves
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Unit
Russian cases summary
3.17
To use Russian cases you need to know two things only:
- When you need this or that case
- To know the endings of the cases
1. NOMINATIVE CASE:
Shows who or what performs the action. All nouns in the dictionary are given in
nominative.
Кн га оче ь ра и ая
The book is beautiful
аташа е аш
Natasha eats mush
2. ACCUSATIVE CASE:
Shows a person or a thing that has an action done to it
На аша чи ае кн гу
Natasha reads a book
Я и аташу
I see Natasha
3. GENITIVE CASE:
The way to say "of", shows possession and used when we talk about quantities.
На аша даё др я ь кн г
Natasha gives five books to a friend
На аша ы ила ри ыл и п ва
Natasha drank three bottles of beer
4. DATIVE CASE:
Shows indirect object of a sentence. One of the main meaning is "to" and "for". Also
used with some certain prepositions (we will consider them too, for now try to
concentrate on what we've learned to get the pattern of language).
114
На аша даё я ь и другу
Natasha gives five books to a friend
На аша даё э ой еи ере ой кн ге орой ша
Natasha gives a second change to this not interesting book
5. INSTRUMENTAL CASE:
- Shows the means by which an action is performed - by plane, with a hand
- Describes accompanying circumstances - coffee with sugar, bother with sister
- Is used after some reflexive verbs - to be interested in
На аша ьё е о рукой
Natasha hits him with a hand
На аша ьё чай сахаром
Natasha drinks tea with sugar
На аша и ере е я маг ей
Natasha is interested in magic
6. PREPOSITIONAL CASE:
Usually indicates position and used specifically with some prepositions - (in, at) and
а (on, at). And also with preposition о/о - about.
На аша ри маш не
Natasha smokes in the car
На аша ейча а работе
Natasha is at work now
Мари а еч ае о ольшо торте
Marina dreams about big cake
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1. Put the highlighted nouns in the nominative singular form:
1) (мальч к) _________ и рае ад

A boy is playing in the garden
2) (телефон) _________ з о и
A phone rings
3) (ручка) _________ ле и а оле
A pen is laying on the table
4) (собака) _________ лае
A dog barks
5) (М ша) _________ ра о ае ш оле
Misha works at school
6) (река) _________ ечё озь оры
A river is flowing through the mountains
7) (человек) _________ иди а а о ой о а о е
A man is sitting at the bus stop
8) Э о ой (друг) _________ , е о зо Кирилл
This is my friend, his name is Kirill
9) (студент) _________ чи ае и
A student is reading a book
10) (герой) _________ е ище ла ы
A hero doesn't look for fame
2. Put the highlighted nouns in the nominative plural form:
1) (мальч к) _________ и раю ад

Boys are playing in the garden
2) (телефон) _________ з о я
Phones rings
3) (ручка) _________ ле а а оле
Pens are laying on the table
4) (собака) _________ лаю
Dog bark
5) (М ша) _________ ра о аю ш оле
Mishas work at school (quite meaningless sentence, though it's good for an
example)
6) (река) _________ е озь оры
Rivers are flowing through the mountains
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7) (человек) _________ идя а а о ой о а о е
Men are sitting at the bus stop
8) Э о ои (друг) _________ , их зо Кирилл и Надя
These are my friends, their names are Kirill and Nadya
9) (студент) _________ чи аю и и
Students are reading a book
10) (герой) _________ е ищ ла ы
Heroes don't look for fame
3. Put the highlighted nouns in the accusative singular form:
1) Я и _________ (мальч к)
I see a boy
2) Я ил о иль ый _________ (телефон)
I bought a mobile phone
3) Дай е _________ (ручка), о ал й а
Give me a pen, please
4) Ты идишь _________ (собака)?
Do you see a dog?
5) Ты лю ишь _________ (М ша)
Do you love Misha?
6) О а иди _________ (река)
She sees a river
7) Я а аю э о о _________ (человек)
I respect this person
8) О а лю и ое о _________ (друг)
She loves her friend
9) Профе ор х али _________ (студент)
Professor praises a student
10) Президе а ра дае _________ (герой)
President rewards the hero
1) Я и _________ (мальч к)
I see boys
2) Я ил о иль ые _________ (телефон)
I bought mobile phones
3) Дай е э и _________ (ручка), о ал й а
Give me these pens, please
117
4) Ты идишь _________ (собака)?
Do you see dogs?
5) Ты лю ишь _________ (М ша)
Do you love Mishas? (again, meaningless sentence, but I leave it here anyway)
6) О а иди _________ (река)
She sees rivers
7) Я а аю э их _________ (человек)
I respect these people
8) О а лю и оих _________ (друг)
She loves her friends
9) Профе ор х али _________ (студент)
Professor praises students
10) Президе а ра дае _________ (герой)
President rewards the heroes
5. Put the highlighted nouns in the genitive singular form:
1) И р ш а _________ (мальч к)
Boy's toy
2) Ди лей о иль о о _________ (телефон)
The display of the mobile phone
3) Це а _________ (ручка)
The price of the pen
4) Х о _________ (собака)
Dog's tail
5) Маши а _________ (М ша)
Misha's car
6) Гл и а _________ (река)
The depth of the river
7) дь а _________ (человек)
The fate of a man (of a person)
8) о а а ое о _________ (друг)
My friend's dog
9) К и а _________ (студент)
Student's book
10) И ория _________ (герой)
The story of the hero
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1) И р ш и _________ (мальч к)
Boys' toys
2) Ди леи о иль ых _________ (телефон)
The displays of the mobile phones
3) Це а _________ (ручка)
The price of the pens
4) Х о ы _________ (собака)
Dogs' tails
5) Маши ы _________ (М ша)
Mishas' cars
6) Гл и а _________ (река)
The depth of the rivers
7) дь ы _________ (человек)
The fate of people (of a person)
8) о а и оих _________ (друг)
My friends' dogs
9) К и и _________ (студент)
Students' books
10) И ории _________ (герой)
The stories of the heroes
1) Я дал и р ш _________ (мальч к)

I gave a toy to a boy
2) О а о ори о о иль о _________ (телефон)
She is talking on the mobile phone
3) О рад оей о ой _________ (ручка)
He is glad because of his new pen
4) О дал о ь _________ (собака)
He gave a bone to a dog
5) О а з о и _________ (М ша)
She calls Misha
6) У а е ь э ер ия, ла одаря _________ (река)
We have energy thanks to the river
7) Я о ещал э о _________ (человек)
I promised this person/man
8) Я з о ю _________ (друг)
I call (my) friend
9) Профе ор дал и и _________ (студент)
Professor gave books to a student
119
10) Мы и ы, ла одаря _________ (герой)
We are alive thanks to the hero
1) Я дал и р ш и _________ (мальч к)

I gave the toys to the boys
2) О а о ори о о иль ы _________ (телефон)
She is talking on the mobile phones
3) О рад ои о ы _________ (ручка)
He is glad because of his new pens
4) О дал о и _________ (собака)
He gave the bones to the dogs
5) О а з о и _________ (М ша)
She calls Mishas (again, just as an example)
6) У а е ь э ер ия, ла одаря _________ (река)
We have energy thanks to the rivers
7) Я о ещал э и _________ (человек)
I promised these people/men
8) Я з о ю _________ (друг)
I call (my) friends
9) Профе ор дал и и _________ (студент)
Professor gave books to the students
10) Мы и ы, ла одаря _________ (герой)
We are alive thanks to the heroes
1) И р ш и оло а ы _________ (мальч к)

The toys are broken by the boy
2) О и л од о ла и а о иль ы _________ (телефон)
He throw in his classmate with a mobile phone
3) Я иш _________ (ручка)
I write with a pen
4) О а ляе _________ (собака)
She walks with a dog
5) О а ехала _________ (М ша)
She went with Misha
6) Э а дере я ыла разр ше а _________ (река)
This village was destroyed by a river
120
7) О а риехала а ы _________ (человек)
She came with an important person
8) Ко я ришёл _________ (друг)
Kostya came with a friend
9) Э о рое ыл а и а аши _________ (студент)
This project was written by our student
10) Наш ород ыл а ё _________ (герой)
Our city was saved by a hero
1) И р ш и оло а ы _________ (мальч к)

The toys are broken by the boys
2) О и л од о ла и а о иль ыи _________ (телефон)
He throw in his classmate with mobile phones
3) Я иш _________ (ручка)
I write with pens
4) О а ляе _________ (собака)
She walks with dogs
5) О а ехала _________ (М ша)
She went with Mishas (again - just an example)
6) Э а дере я ыла разр ше а _________ (река)
This village was destroyed by rivers
7) О а риехала а ы _________ (человек)
8) Ко я ришёл _________ (друг)
Kostya came with (his) friends
9) Э о рое ыл а и а аши и _________ (студент)
This project was written by our students
10) Наш ород ыл а ё _________ (герой)
Our city was saved by heroes
1) Ма а ра азы ае о _________ (мальч к)

Mother is telling about a boy
2) Ч о ы о ешь аза ь о э о о иль о _________ (телефон)?
What can you say about this mobile phone?
3) О о ори о _________ (ручка)
He is talking about a pen
4) О а д ае о оей _________ (собака)
She is thinking about her dog
121
5) Да ай о о ори о _________ (М ша)
Let's talk about Misha
6) Учи ель ра азы ае о _________ (реке)
Teacher is telling about the river
7) Я хоч ра аза ь е е о од о _________ (человек)
I want to tell you about one person/man
8) Под ай о оё _________ (друг)!
9) Профе ор о ори о _________ (студент)
Professor is talking about a student
10) Ра а и а о _________ (герой)
Tell us about the hero
1) Ма а ра азы ае о _________ (мальч к)

Mother is telling about boys
2) Ч о ы о ешь аза ь о э их о иль ых _________ (телефон)?
What can you say about these mobile phones?
3) О о ори о _________ (ручка)
He is talking about pens
4) О а д ае о оих _________ (собака)
She is thinking about her dogs
5) Да ай о о ори о _________ (М ша)
Let's talk about Mishas
6) Учи ель ра азы ае о _________ (реке)
Teacher is telling about the rivers
7) Я хоч ра аза ь е е о _________ (человек)
I want to tell you about people
8) Под ай о оих _________ (друг)!
Think about your friends
9) Профе ор о ори о _________ (студент)
Professor is talking about students
10) Ра а и а о _________ (герой)
Tell us about the heroes
122
1. Put the highlighted nouns in the nominative singular form:
1) (мальч к) Мальчи и рае ад

A boy is playing in the garden
2) (телефон) Телефо з о и
A phone rings
3) (ручка) Р ч а ле и а оле
A pen is laying on the table
4) (собака) о а а лае
A dog barks
5) (М ша) Миша ра о ае ш оле
Misha works at school
6) (река) Ре а ечё озь оры
A river is flowing through the mountains
7) (человек) Чело е иди а а о ой о а о е
A man is sitting at the bus stop
8) Э о ой (друг) др , е о зо Кирилл
This is my friend, his name is Kirill
9) (студент) де чи ае и
A student is reading a book
10) (герой) Герой е ище ла ы
A hero doesn't look for fame
2. Put the highlighted nouns in the nominative plural form:
1) (мальч к) Мальчи и и раю ад

Boys are playing in the garden
2) (телефон) Телефо ы з о я
Phones rings
3) (ручка) Р ч и ле а а оле
Pens are laying on the table
4) (собака) о а и лаю
Dog bark
5) (М ша) Миши ра о аю ш оле
Mishas work at school (quite meaningless sentence, though it's good for an
example)
6) (река) Ре и е озь оры
Rivers are flowing through the mountains
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7) (человек) Люди идя а а о ой о а о е
Men are sitting at the bus stop
8) Э о ои (друг) др зья , их зо Кирилл и Надя
These are my friends, their names are Kirill and Nadya
9) (студент) де ы чи аю и и
Students are reading a book
10) (герой) Герои е ищ ла ы
Heroes don't look for fame
3. Put the highlighted nouns in the accusative singular form:
1) Я и альчи а (мальч к)
I see a boy
2) Я ил о иль ый елефо (телефон)
I bought a mobile phone
3) Дай ер ч (ручка), о ал й а
Give me a pen, please
4) Ты идишь о а (собака)?
Do you see a dog?
5) Ты лю ишь Миш (М ша)
Do you love Misha?
6) О а иди ре (река)
She sees a river
7) Я а аю э о о чело е а (человек)
I respect this person
8) О а лю и ое о др а (друг)
She loves her friend
9) Профе ор х али де а (студент)
Professor praises a student
10) Президе а ра дае ероя (герой)
President rewards the hero
1) Я и альчи о (мальч к)
I see boys
2) Я ил о иль ые елефо ы (телефон)
I bought mobile phones
3) Дай е э и р ч и (ручка), о ал й а
Give me these pens, please
124
4) Ты идишь о а (собака)?
Do you see dogs?
5) Ты лю ишь Миш (М ша)
Do you love Mishas? (again, meaningless sentence, but I leave it here anyway)
6) О а иди ре и (река)
She sees rivers
7) Я а аю э их людей (человек)
I respect these people
8) О а лю и оих др зей (друг)
She loves her friends
9) Профе ор х али де о (студент)
Professor praises students
10) Президе а ра дае ерое (герой)
President rewards the heroes
5. Put the highlighted nouns in the genitive singular form:
1) И р ш а альчи а (мальч к)
Boy's toy
2) Ди лей о иль о о елефо а (телефон)
The display of the mobile phone
3) Це а р ч и (ручка)
The price of the pen
4) Х о о а и (собака)
Dog's tail
5) Маши а Миши (М ша)
Misha's car
6) Гл и а ре и (река)
The depth of the river
7) дь а чело е а (человек)
The fate of a man (of a person)
8) о а а ое о др а (друг)
My friend's dog
9) К и а де а (студент)
Student's book
10) И ория ероя (герой)
The story of the hero
125
1) И р ш и альчи о (мальч к)
Boys' toys
2) Ди леи о иль ых елефо о (телефон)
The displays of the mobile phones
3) Це а р че (ручка)
The price of the pens
4) Х о ы о а (собака)
Dogs' tails
5) Маши ы Миш (М ша)
Mishas' cars
6) Гл и а ре (река)
The depth of the rivers
7) дь ы людей (человек)
The fate of people (of a person)
8) о а и оих др зей (друг)
My friends' dogs
9) К и и де о (студент)
Students' books
10) И ории ерое (герой)
The stories of the heroes
1) Я дал и р ш альчи (мальч к)

I gave a toy to a boy
2) О а о ори о о иль о елефо (телефон)
She is talking on the mobile phone
3) О рад оей о ой р ч е (ручка)
He is glad because of his new pen
4) О дал о ь о а е (собака)
He gave a bone to a dog
5) О а з о и Мише (М ша)
She calls Misha
6) У а е ь э ер ия, ла одаря ре е (река)
We have energy thanks to the river
7) Я о ещал э о чело е (человек)
I promised this person/man
8) Я з о ю др (друг)
I call (my) friend
9) Профе ор дал и и де (студент)
Professor gave books to a student
126
10) Мы и ы, ла одаря ерою (герой)
We are alive thanks to the hero
1) Я дал и р ш и альчи а (мальч к)

I gave the toys to the boys
2) О а о ори о о иль ы елфо а (телефон)
She is talking on the mobile phones
3) О рад ои о ы р ч а (ручка)
He is glad because of his new pens
4) О дал о и о а а (собака)
He gave the bones to the dogs
5) О а з о и Миша (М ша)
She calls Mishas (again, just as an example)
6) У а е ь э ер ия, ла одаря ре а (река)
We have energy thanks to the rivers
7) Я о ещал э и людя (человек)
I promised these people/men
8) Я з о ю др зья (друг)
I call (my) friends
9) Профе ор дал и и де а (студент)
Professor gave books to the students
10) Мы и ы, ла одаря ероя (герой)
We are alive thanks to the heroes
1) И р ш и оло а ы альчи о (мальч к)

The toys are broken by the boy
2) О и л од о ла и а о иль ы елефо о (телефон)
He throw in his classmate with a mobile phone
3) Я иш р ч ой (ручка)
I write with a pen
4) О а ляе о а ой (собака)
She walks with a dog
5) О а ехала Мишей (М ша)
She went with Misha
6) Э а дере я ыла разр ше а ре ой (река)
This village was destroyed by a river
127
7) О а риехала а ы чело е о (человек)
8) Ко я ришёл др о (друг)
Kostya came with a friend
9) Э о рое ыл а и а аши де о (студент)
This project was written by our student
10) Наш ород ыл а ё ерое (герой)
Our city was saved by a hero
1) И р ш и оло а ы альчи а и (мальч к)

The toys are broken by the boys
2) О и л од о ла и а о иль ыи елефо а и (телефон)
He throw in his classmate with mobile phones
3) Я иш р ч а и (ручка)
I write with pens
4) О а ляе о а а и (собака)
She walks with dogs
5) О а ехала Миша и (М ша)
She went with Mishas (again - just an example)
6) Э а дере я ыла разр ше а ре а и (река)
This village was destroyed by rivers
7) О а риехала а ы людь и (человек)
8) Ко я ришёл др зья и (друг)
Kostya came with (his) friends
9) Э о рое ыл а и а аши и де а и (студент)
This project was written by our students
10) Наш ород ыл а ё ероя и (герой)
Our city was saved by heroes
1) Ма а ра азы ае о альчи е (мальч к)

Mother is telling about a boy
2) Ч о ы о ешь аза ь о э о о иль о елефо е (телефон)?
What can you say about this mobile phone?
3) О о ори о р ч е (ручка)
He is talking about a pen
4) О а д ае о оей о а е (собака)
She is thinking about her dog
128
5) Да ай о о ори о Мише (М ша)
Let's talk about Misha
6) Учи ель ра азы ае о ре е (реке)
Teacher is telling about the river
7) Я хоч ра аза ь е е о од о чело е е (человек)
I want to tell you about one person/man
8) Под ай о оё др е (друг)!
9) Профе ор о ори о де е (студент)
Professor is talking about a student
10) Ра а и а о ерое (герой)
Tell us about the hero
1) Ма а ра азы ае о альчи ах (мальч к)

Mother is telling about boys
2) Ч о ы о ешь аза ь о э их о иль ых елефо ах (телефон)?
What can you say about these mobile phones?
3) О о ори о р ч ах (ручка)
He is talking about pens
4) О а д ае о оих о а ах (собака)
She is thinking about her dogs
5) Да ай о о ори о Мишах (М ша)
Let's talk about Mishas
6) Учи ель ра азы ае о ре ах (реке)
Teacher is telling about the rivers
7) Я хоч ра аза ь е е о людях (человек)
I want to tell you about people
8) Под ай о оих др зьях (друг)!
Think about your friends
9) Профе ор о ори о де ах (студент)
Professor is talking about students
10) Ра а и а о ероях (герой)
Tell us about the heroes
129
Unit
Most common kind of adjectives - unstressed
4.1
We use adjective to describe a noun.
In English adjectives never change
But in Russian adjectives have to agree with its noun
Compare:
feminine masculine neuter

Beautiful woman Beautiful man Beautiful coat
Кра и а е щи а Кра и ый чи а Кра и ое аль о
The most common group of adjectives in Russian is Unstressed - it means the ending
of it is not stressed.
Adjectives consist of two parts:
stem + ending
Adjectives for singular nominative nouns have different endings for each gender
But adjectives of plural nouns have the same ending.
In Dictionaries adjectives are always given in masculine singular form
1. Masculine adjectives:
Unstressed masculine adjectives usually have -ый ending, and rarely - й ending
(due to the first spelling rule, after г, к, х, ж, ш, щ).
Но ый о ью ер
New computer
Мале ьк й о
Small cat
Хорош й чело е
Good person/good man
130
Remember, that for nouns with feminine ending, but masculine meaning, we have to
use masculine adjectives
Молодой чи а -Young man
2. Feminine adjectives:
All unstressed adjectives of feminine gender have ending -а .
Very handy, considering the fact that usually feminine nouns has -а or - at the end.
Но а де а
New (female) student
Мале ь а ош а
Small (female) cat
Хороша де ш а
Good girl
3. Neuter adjectives:
The ending for unstressed neuter adjectives has -ое ending, again, very easy to
remember, because usually neuter nouns have -о or -е as an ending.
Но ое и о
New movie
Но ое зелье
New potion
Don't forget the second spelling rule - after ж, ш, щ, ч, ц - after those letter we
can't use unstressed -o letter.
So it should be
Хорошее и о
Good wine
е ее оло о
131
Fresh milk
4. Nominative case plural:
The ending for all nominative plural adjectives is -ые (or - е)
For example:
Кра и ые де ш и
Beautiful girls
Голод ые ар и
Hunger guys
О ро ые о а
Huge windows
Remember, after г, к, х, ж, ш, щ ending will be - е (first spelling rule)
Хорош е де ш и
Good girls
Хорош е ар и
Good guys
Хорош е о а
Good windows
132
1. Put the highlighted adjectives in the correct singular form:
О а оче ь ___________ де ш а
She is a very beautiful girl
ра и ый Э о зда ие оче ь ___________

1) This building is very beautiful
beautiful
О ___________
He is beautiful
о а а э о ___________ озда ие
A dog is a smart creature
ый Мой ра ___________
2)
smart My brother is smart
Моя е а оче ь ___________ ещи а
My wife is a very smart woman
Ты оче ь ___________ чело е , Коля

You are a very kind person, Kolya
до рый Моя а ш а ___________
3)
kind My grandmother is kind
У е я ___________ ердце, ой др
You have a kind heart, my friend
О а ол чила ___________ зада ие

She got a new task
о ый Э о ___________ аши а?
4)
new Is it a new car
Мы и ___________ до
We'll buy a new house
У её ___________
She has a caring husband
за о ли ый Моя е а оче ь ___________

1) My wife is very caring
caring
У е о ей ___________ о оше ие
He has a very caring attitude to her
ы о ий
2) Ты идишь э о ___________ дере о?
tall/high
Do you see this tall tree?
133
Мой ра ___________
My brother is tall
___________ е щи а
A tall woman
У аше о до а ___________ о оло

Our house has a low ceiling
из ий ___________ е ера ра
3)
low Low temperature
___________ дере о
A low tree
___________ де оч а
A little girl
але ь ий
4) Ты идишь ___________ я о?
small/little
Do you see a little spot?
___________ альчи
A little boy
___________ ье а
A boring play
ч ый Вчера е я ыл ___________ ечер
1)
boring Yesterday I had a boring evening
К и а, о ор ю я чи аю оче ь ___________
The book (that) I read is very boring
Ты ___________ др , аша
You are a good friend, Sasha
хороший У е я е ь ___________ аши а
2)
good I have a good car
Мы ьё ___________ и о и л шае зы
We drink good wine and listen to music
Ка ой ой ___________ ц е ?
What is your favorite color?
лю и ый
3)
favorite / beloved Где оя ___________ е щи а?
Where is your beloved woman?
134
о а а - оё ___________ и о ое
Dog - is my favorite animal
___________ ышь
Grey mouse
ерый Я ил ___________ аль о
4)
grey I bought a grey coat
М е ра и я э о ___________ рю за
I like this grey backpack
4. Put the highlighted adjectives in the correct plural form:
1) ро ий _______________ strict
2) зелё ый _______________ green
3) я ий _______________ soft
4) елый _______________ white
ы рый О лю и ___________ аши ы

1)
fast He loves fast cars
дешё ый О а е о ае ___________ род ы

2)
cheap She doesn't buy cheap food/goods
ла ый Э о ___________ зда ия ороде

3)
main These are the main buildings in the city
ы о ий До о р аю ___________ дере ья
4)
tall The house is surrounded by tall trees
135
О а оче ь ра и ая де ш а
She is a very beautiful girl
ра и ый Э о зда ие оче ь ра и ое
1) This building is very beautiful
beautiful
О ра и ый
He is beautiful
о а аэ о ое озда ие
A dog is a smart creature
ый Мой ра ый
2)
smart My brother is smart
Моя е а оче ь ая ещи а
My wife is a very smart woman
Ты оче ь до рый чело е , Коля

You are a very kind person, Kolya
до рый Моя а ш а до рая
3)
kind My grandmother is kind
У е я до рое ердце, ой др
You have a kind heart, my friend
О а ол чила о ое зада ие
She got a new task
о ый Э о о ая аши а?
4)
new Is it a new car
Мы и о ый до
We'll buy a new house
У её зо о ли ый
She has a caring husband
за о ли ый Моя е а оче ь за о ли ая
1) My wife is very caring
caring
У е о ей зо о ли ое о оше ие
He has a very caring attitude to her
ы о ий
2) Ты идишь э о ы о ое дере о?
tall/high
Do you see this tall tree?
136
Мой ра ы о ий
My brother is tall
Вы о ая е щи а
A tall woman
У аше о до а из ий о оло
Our house has a low ceiling
из ий Низ ая е ера ра
3)
low Low temperature
Низ ое дере о
A low tree
Мале ь ая де оч а
A little girl
але ь ий
4) Ты идишь але ь ое я о?
small/little
Do you see a little spot?
Мале ь ий альчи
A little boy
ч ая ье а
A boring play
ч ый Вчера е я ыл ч ый ечер
1)
boring Yesterday I had a boring evening
К и а, о ор ю я чи аю оче ь ч ая
The book (that) I read is very boring
Ты хороший др , аша
You are a good friend, Sasha
хороший У е я е ь хорошая аши а
2)
good I have a good car
Мы ьё хорошее и о и л шае зы
We drink good wine and listen to music
Ка ой ой люи ый ц е ?
What is your favorite color?
лю и ый
3)
favorite / beloved Где оя лю и ая е щи а?
Where is your beloved woman?
137
о а а - оё лю и ое и о ое
Dog - is my favorite animal
ерая ышь
Grey mouse
ерый Я ил ерое аль о
4)
grey I bought a grey coat
М е ра и я э о ерый рю за
I like this grey backpack
1) ро ий ро ие strict
2) зелё ый зелё ые green
3) я ий я ие soft
4) елый елые white
ы рый О лю и ы рые аши ы

1)
fast He loves fast cars
дешё ый О а е о ае дешё ые род ы

2)
cheap She doesn't buy cheap food/goods
ла ый Э о ла ые зда ия ороде
3)
main These are the main buildings in the city
ы о ий До о р аю ы о ие дере ья
4)
tall The house is surrounded by tall trees
138
Unit
Stressed adjectives and soft adjectives
4.2
1. Gender of stressed adjectives
As you know, adjectives in dictionaries are given in masculine singular form. So to

define a stressed one - look at its ending. Stressed adjectives have -ой at the end.
Большой до
A big house
Feminine stressed adjective have the same ending as unstressed ones - а .
Больша аши а
A big car
Stressed neuter adjectives have the same ending as unstressed ones. It is -ое
Большое дере о
A big tree
Remember, since letter O is stressed in these words, it can be used after Ш letter.
2. Plural stressed adjectives:
For plural adjectives we have the ending -ые no matter what gender we describe
Молодой
Молодые де ш и
Young girls
Молодые ар и
Young guys
Молодые дере ья
Young trees
139
REMEMBER: Keep in Mind Spelling rule number one.
If the adjective's stem you are going to use is ending in г, к, х, ж, ш, щ, ч, the

ending must be - е
Большой
Больш е аши ы
Big cars
Больш е о а и
Big dogs
Больш е дере ья
Big trees
3. Soft adjectives:
How to define them?
As always, by its ending
Masculine have - й
По лед й ерой
Last hero
Femenine have -
Перед д ерь
Front door
Neuter have -ее
и ее е ло
Blue glass
140
4. Plural soft adjectives:
All plural soft adjectives have - е at the end.
По лед е ерои
Last heroes
Перед е д ери
Front doors
и е ё ла
Blue glasses (*pieces of glass)
141
Ка ая _______________ аль я!
What a big bedroom!
ольшой Мы и _______________ до
1) We will buy a big house
big
_______________ о о, идо а оре
A big window, with the view of the sea
_______________ чело е , е орь е о ой!

Young man, don't argue with me!
олодой _______________ о оле ие э о аше д щее
2)
young Young generation is our future
_______________ а а
Young mother
Э о _______________ ар и а?
Is it an expensive painting?
доро ой Э о оче ь _______________ и о
3)
expensive / dear This is a very expensive wine
_______________ др , а ои дела?
Dear fried, how are you doing?
_______________ задача
A simple task
ро ой _______________ о раз из и
4)
simple / plain Plain living
Э о _______________ зада ие
It is a simple task
лохой _______________ рез ль а ы

1)
bad Bad results
ол ой _______________ ц е ы
2)
blue Blue flowers
ольшой _______________ орода

3)
big Big cities
142
хой _______________ дере ья
4)
dry Dry trees
_______________ задача
The last task
о лед ий _______________ и ь о
1) The last letter
the last
_______________ де ь
The last day
_______________ шле
Blue helmet
и ий _______________ ре а
2)
bluue / navy blue Blue river
_______________ оре
Blue sea
_______________ оли и а
Foreign (lit.: external) policy
еш ий
_______________ риз а
3) external/outward
Outward sign
outer
_______________ ядро
Outer core
_______________ ре я
Summer time
ле ий _______________ о ода
4)
summer Summer weather
_______________ до дь
Summer rain
fem. ______________________
ре ий
1) masc. ______________________
morning
neut. ______________________
143
______________________
fem.
ой
2) masc. ______________________
dense/thick
neut. ______________________
______________________
fem.
за раш ий
3) masc. ______________________
tomorrow's
neut. ______________________
______________________
fem.
ой
4) masc. ______________________
blunt/dull/dumb
neut. ______________________
5. Put the highlighted adjectives in the correct singular or plural form:
_______________ ро
Spring morning
е е ий _______________ ицы
1) Spring birds
spring
_______________ ле
Spring forest
_______________ а рое ие
New year spirit / New year mood
о о од ий _______________ одар и
2)
New year New year presents
_______________ ра рода и
New year sales
_______________ ре я
Winter time
зи ий _______________ о ода
3)
winter Winter weather
_______________ рор
Winter resort
_______________ доро а
Long way (lit.: Long road)
даль ий _______________ ь
4)
distant/remote/long Long way
_______________ ра оя ие
Long distance
144
Ка ая ольшая аль я!
What a big bedroom!
ольшой Мы и ольшой до
1) We will buy a big house
big
Большое о о, идо а оре
A big window, with the view of the sea
Молодой чело е , е орь е о ой!

Young man, don't argue with me!
олодой Молодое о оле ие э о аше д щее
2)
young Young generation is our future
Молодая а а
Young mother
Э о доро ая ар и а?
Is it an expensive painting?
доро ой Э о оче ь доро ое и о
3)
expensive / dear This is a very expensive wine
Доро ой др , а ои дела?
Dear fried, how are you doing?
Про ая задача
A simple task
ро ой Про ой о раз из и
4)
simple / plain Plain living
Э о ро ое зада ие
It is a simple task
лохой Плохие рез ль а ы

1)
bad Bad results
ол ой Гол ые ц е ы
2)
blue Blue flowers
ольшой Большие орода

3)
big Big cities
145
хой хие дере ья
4)
dry Dry trees
По лед яя задача
The last task
о лед ий По лед ее и ь о
1) The last letter
the last
По лед ий де ь
The last day
Гол ой шле
Blue helmet
и ий Гол ая ре а
2)
bluue / navy blue Blue river
Гол ое оре
Blue sea
В еш яя оли и а
Foreign (lit.: external) policy
еш ий
В еш ий риз а
3) external/outward
Outward sign
outer
В еш ее ядро
Outer core
Ле ее ре я
Summer time
ле ий Ле яя о ода
4)
summer Summer weather
Ле ий до дь
Summer rain
fem. ре яя
ре ий
1) masc. ре ий
morning
neut. ре ее
146
ая
fem.
ой
2) masc. ой
dense/thick
neut. ое
за раш яя
fem.
за раш ий
3) masc. за раш ий
tomorrow's
neut. за раш ее
ая
fem.
ой
4) masc. ой
blunt/dull/dumb
neut. ое
5. Put the highlighted adjectives in the correct singular or plural form:
Ве е ее ро
Spring morning
е е ий Ве е ие ицы
1) Spring birds
spring
Ве е ий ле
Spring forest
Но о од ее а рое ие
New year spirit / New year mood
о о од ий Но о од ие одар и
2)
New year New year presents
Но о од ие ра рода и
New year sales
Зи ее ре я
Winter time
зи ий Зи яя о ода
3)
winter Winter weather
Зи ий рор
Winter resort
Даль яя доро а
Long way (lit.: Long road)
даль ий Даль ий ь
4)
distant/remote/long Long way
Даль ее ра оя ие
Long distance
147
Unit
Possessive adjectives
4.3
What is the possessive adjective? Actually in Russian we call it possessive pronoun.
Possessive adjectives (such as Your, her, my) show possession or relationship.
Look at the examples:
Мой о
My cat
Её о а а
Her dog
1. Agreement of the possessive adjectives
Possessive adjective must to agree in number, gender and case with the noun which
is possessed, rather than with the possessor.
Review the examples to get the concept better.
Э о мо маш на
This is my car
Э о мой дом
This is my house
No matter what gender you are, you must use these possessive pronouns, because
they are agreed with the possessed noun.
2. Forms of the possessive adjectives:
Please take your time and learn those adjectives by heart, it will really help you to
learn Russia faster and more productive.
masc fem neuter plural
148
my (mine) ой оя оё ои
your (for ты) ой оя оё ои
our аш аша аше аши
your (for вы) аш аша аше аши
3. Her/his/theirs:
Possessive adjectives for her/his, their never change
Его о а а Её аши а Их ода

His dog Her car Their water
Его до Её о Их е о
His house Her cat Their raccoon
Его о о Её дере о Их и о
His window Her tree Their wine
4. His / hers / theirs:
he → his she → her it →its they → their

о → его о а → её о о → его о и→ х
belongs to н belongs to на belongs to н belongs to н
Его еда Её еда Его еда Их еда

His food Her food His food Their food
Его лей Её лей Его лей Их лей

His glue Her glue His glue Their glue
Его аль о Её аль о Его аль о Их аль о

His coat Her coat His coat Their coat
5. Usage:
Important to mention, that in Russian possessive adjectives are used less often than
in English, usually we just drop them off. And also we don't use them that often with
parts of the body.
Look and compare similar phrases:
149
На ра о е о а идела (__) др зей
At work she saw (her/её) friends
У е я оли р а
(my/моя) Hand hurts
Я ре ил (__) одр
I met (my) friend
But if it is not a mistake if you use possessive adjective in these cases, just not very
natural for Russian speakers.
150
1. Put the highlighted possessive adjective in the correct form:
my / mine
___________ о ая аши а
1)
My new car
___________ хо и
2)
My hobby
___________ о оче ь ра и ый
3)
My cat is very beautiful
___________ о а а лю и ла а ь
4)
My dog loves to swim
___________ роди ели

5)
My parents
Ты ол чил ___________ и ь о?
6)
Did you get my letter
Ка я и ер ей - ___________ др зья
7)
Katya and Sergey are my friends
Э а и а - ___________!
8)
This book is mine!
___________ до ю ый
9)
My house is cozy
your (for " ы")
Э о ___________ ольцо?
1)
Is it your ring?
___________ оо ще ия оче ь оро ие

2)
Your messages are very short
___________ р ч а ише ра ы ц е о
3)
Your pen writes with red color
151
Э о ___________ ара даш?
4)
Is it your pencil?
___________ ро ле ы е я е о ю
5)
Your problems don't bother me
___________ аре ь е я оче ь лю и

6)
Your boyfriend loves you a lot
___________ а а а о о о и !
7)
You mother cooks so good (lit.: so tasty)!
Я ___________ о ый др
8)
I am your new friend
___________ о еде ие разочаро ы ае е я

9)
Your behavior disappoints me
___________ лаза ез о ра и ы
10)
Your eyes are incredibly (lit.: madly) beautiful
___________ р и а ие за о ли ые
11)
Your hands are so caring
our
___________ ы е ил я
1)
Our son got married
___________ дочь ышла за

2)
Our daughter got married
___________ де и ча ли ы ра е
3)
Our children are happily married (lit.: in marriage)
___________ д щее за и и о э о о реше ия

4)
Our future depends on this decision
___________ е ья оче ь ча ли а
5)
Our family is very happy
___________ хо я е ь ор о ь ( ор о )
6)
Our hamster eats carrot
Э о ___________ роли и
7)
These are our rabbits
152
___________ др зья ри ла или а а и
8)
Our friends invited us for dinner
___________ дед ш а ехал ра о

9)
Our grandfather went to work
___________ лю о ь иль ее ра оя ия
10)
Our love is stronger than distance
___________ о оле ие
11) Our generation
your (for " ы")
___________ еличе о!
1)
Your Majesty!
___________ о оя ие е а иль о
2)
Your condition is not stable
___________ о а а ила е я!
3)
Your dog bit me!
___________ ре ё о раз ил о о ш оле!

4)
Your child broke a window at school
___________ а ор , о ал й а
5)
Your passport, please
___________ до о ере ие. По а и е е о, о ал й а

6)
Your certificate. Show me it, please
___________ до е ы, о ал й а
7)
Your documents, please
Э о ___________ иле ?
8)
Is it your ticket?
Э о ___________ рей ?
9)
Is it your flight?
his, her, their
153
___________ аши а оче ь ы рая
1)
His car is very fast
___________ о чёр ый
2)
Her cat is black
___________ де ш а одарила е о ры
3)
His girlfriend presented him a postcard
___________ де и и раю аль е

4)
Her children are playing in the bedroom
___________ о а а оче ь до рая

5)
Their dog is very kind
___________ лаза одя е я а

6)
His eyes drive me crazy
___________ лы а о ре ае оё ерде
7)
Her smile warms my heart
___________ оло за а ляе оё ердце и ь я чаще

8)
Her voice makes my heart skip a beat (lit.: beat more often)
___________ лю о ь еч ая
9)
Their love is eternal
154
my / mine
Моя о ая аши а
1)
My new car
Моё хо и
2)
My hobby
Мой о оче ь ра и ый
3)
My cat is very beautiful
Моя о а а лю и ла а ь
4)
My dog loves to swim
Мои роди ели

5)
My parents
Ты ол чил оё и ь о?
6)
Did you get my letter
Ка я и ер ей - ои др зья
7)
Katya and Sergey are my friends
Э а и а - оя!
8)
This book is mine!
Мой до ю ый
9)
My house is cozy
your (for " ы")
Э о оё ольцо?
1)
Is it your ring?
Т ои оо ще ия оче ь оро ие
2)
Your messages are very short
Т оя р ч а ише ра ы ц е о
3)
Your pen writes with red color
155
Э о ои ара даш?
4)
Is it your pencil?
Т ои ро ле ы е я е о ю
5)
Your problems don't bother me
Т ой аре ь е я оче ь лю и
6)
Your boyfriend loves you a lot
Т оя а а а о о о и !
7)
You mother cooks so good (lit.: so tasty)!
Я ой о ый др
8)
I am your new friend
Т оё о еде ие разочаро ы ае е я
9)
Your behavior disappoints me
Т ои лаза ез о ра и ы
10)
Your eyes are incredibly (lit.: madly) beautiful
Т ои р и а ие за о ли ые
11)
Your hands are so caring
our
Наш ы е ил я
1)
Our son got married
Наша дочь ышла за

2)
Our daughter got married
Наши де и ча ли ы ра е
3)
Our children are happily married (lit.: in marriage)
Наше д щее за и и о э о о реше ия

4)
Our future depends on this decision
Наша е ья оче ь ча ли а
5)
Our family is very happy
Наш хо я е ь ор о ь ( ор о )
6)
Our hamster eats carrot
Э о аши роли и
7)
These are our rabbits
156
Наши др зья ри ла или а а и
8)
Our friends invited us for dinner
Наш дед ш а ехал ра о

9)
Our grandfather went to work
Наша лю о ь иль ее ра оя ия
10)
Our love is stronger than distance
Наше о оле ие
11) Our generation
your (for " ы")
Ваше еличе о!
1)
Your Majesty!
Ваше о оя ие е а иль о
2)
Your condition is not stable
Ваша о а а ила е я!
3)
Your dog bit me!
Ваш ре ё о раз ил о о ш оле!

4)
Your child broke a window at school
Ваш а ор , о ал й а
5)
Your passport, please
Ваше до о ере ие. По а и е е о, о ал й а

6)
Your certificate. Show me it, please
Ваши до е ы, о ал й а
7)
Your documents, please
Э о аш иле ?
8)
Is it your ticket?
Э о аш рей ?
9)
Is it your flight?
his, her, their
157
Е о аши а оче ь ы рая
1)
His car is very fast
Её о чёр ый
2)
Her cat is black
Е о де ш а одарила е о ры
3)
His girlfriend presented him a postcard
Её де и и раю аль е
4)
Her children are playing in the bedroom
Их о а а оче ь до рая
5)
Their dog is very kind
Е о лаза одя е я а
6)
His eyes drive me crazy
Её лы а о ре ае оё ерде
7)
Her smile warms my heart
Её оло за а ляе оё ердце и ь я чаще

8)
Her voice makes my heart skip a beat (lit.: beat more often)
Их лю о ь еч ая
9)
Their love is eternal
158
Unit
Reflexive adjectives
4.4
Reflexive possessives indicate possession by the subject of the nearest verb and can
mean - my own, your own, his own, her own, our own, their own.
Three genders of the reflexive possessives are:
вой - masculine
во - feminine
воё - neuter
1. ой:
ой is an alternative to " ой, ой, аш, аш" when "я, ы, ы, ы" are concerned.
So, if you want to say:
I read my magazine - you can either say:
Я чи аю мой р ал
or
Я чи аю свой р ал
Another example is (I read my book):
Я чи аю мою и
or
Я чи аю свою и
2. ой is not an alternative to е о, её, их:
If you want to say his, her, their you must to find out whether you mean that the
subject of the verb is the owner.
Take a look at this example:

159
о чи ае его и
Scott reads his (friend's, father's etc) book
о чи ае свою и
Scott reads his (his own) book
3. ой must indicate possession by the subject of the verb:
And it can't just describe the subject of the verb.
To describe the subject of the verb, you must use мой, твой, его, её, наш,
ваш х.
Please, look at the examples:
Её де и о оря о-а лий и
Her children speak English
Here we describe the subject.
And if we want to show possession by the subject of the verb, we need to use
оих
О а лю и сво х де ей
She loves her (her own) children
4. Possessive + reflexive adjectives:
In some cases you need both possessive and reflexive possessive.
Like in this case:
Её дочь лю и свой оль ый до и
Her daughter loves her (her own) dollhouse
160
Here её in the first part of the sentence, describes the subject of the verb, and
ой in the second part of it describes possession. Her daughter loves her (her own)
dollhouse, and ordinary possessive cannot be used.
REMEMBER:
We use reflexive possessives to describe possession
We use ordinary possessives to describe the subject of a verb
IMPORTANT:
We will consider case declension in the next lessons. For now, please, just try to
understand the difference between reflexive and ordinary possessives and memorize
them.
161
1. Use the correct form of the reflexive adjective (с й, с я, с ё):
1) О а чи ае _________ р ал
She is reading her (own) magazine
2) О чеше _________ о
He is scratching his (own) nose
3) У её е ь _________ ар ира
She has her (own) flat
4) У её е ь _________ ла ье
She has her (own) dress
5) У а до о _________ дь а
Everyone has his (own) fate
6) У а де _________ до
We will have our (own) house
7) О лю и _________ хо и
He love his (own) hobby
2. Insert reflexive or ordinary possessive adjective in the blanks:
1) У её е ь _________ о
She has her (own) cat
2) О а чи ае _________ и
She reads his (her brother's) book
3) Маша ише _________ и ь о
Masha is writing her (own) letter
4) Коля чи ае _________ р ал
Kolya is reading his (his male friend's) magazine
5) У На аши е ь _________ р ч а
Natasha has her (own) pen
6) У На аши е ь _________ и а
Natasha has her (her female friend's) book
7) и лади _________ о а
Steve is patting his (his male friend's) dog (lit.: stroking)
8) и лю и _________ о а
Steve loves his (own) dog

162
У её е ь _________ о
1)
О а лю и _________ о а
She loves her (her sister's) cat
У е о е ь _________ и а
He has his (own) book
2)
О чи ае _________ и
He reads his (brother's) book
У е о е ь _________ аль о
He has his (own) coat
3)
У е о е ь _________ аль о
He has his (his father's) coat
У е о е ь _________ е радь
He has his (own) copybook
4)
У е о е ь _________ е радь
He has her (his sister's) copybook
1) Да ай и ь е е, е я е ь _________ до
Let's live together, I have my (own) house
2) У е я е ь _________ аши а?
Do you have your (own) car?
3) Я ищ _________ ред аз аче ие
I seek for my (own) destiny
4) У Ле ы е ь _________ о а а
Lena as her (own) room
5) У Ко и е ь _________ о ью ер
Kosya has his (own) computer
6) Я да е е _________ е ло
I'll give you my (own) warmth
5. Choose reflexive or ordinary possessive adjective that suits:
163
1) She reads her (own) book её ою
2) Masha reads his messages е о ои
3) We love our (own) families аши ои
4) I love my boyfriend ое о ое о
5) My mother loves her (own) flowers её ои
6) My brother is repairing his (own) car е о ою
7) Katya uses her (her female friend's) pen её ою
8) He wears his (his father's) coat е о оё
164
1) О а чи ае ой р ал
She is reading her (own) magazine
2) О чеше ой о
He is scratching his (own) nose
3) У её е ь оя ар ира
She has her (own) flat
4) У её е ь оё ла ье
She has her (own) dress
5) У а до о оя дь а
Everyone has his (own) fate
6) У а де ой до
We will have our (own) house
7) О лю и оё хо и
He love his (own) hobby
1) У её е ь ой о
2) О а чи ае е о и
She reads his (her brother's) book
3) Маша ише оё и ь о
Masha is writing her (own) letter
4) Коля чи ае е о р ал
Kolya is reading his (his male friend's) magazine
5) У На аши е ь оя р ч а
Natasha has her (own) pen
6) У На аши е ь её и а
Natasha has her (her female friend's) book
7) и лади е о о а
Steve is patting his (his male friend's) dog (lit.: stroking)
8) и лю и ою о а
Steve loves his (own) dog

165
У её е ь ой о
1)
О а лю и её о а
She loves her (her sister's) cat
У е о е ь оя и а
He has his (own) book
2)
О чи ае е о и
He reads his (brother's) book
У е о е ь оё аль о
He has his (own) coat
3)

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1

1. Russian nouns can be masculine, feminine or neuter.

masculine feminine neuter

consonant / -й / -ь -а / -я / -ия / -ь -о / -е / -ие

царь (tsar) - masculine

дочь (daughter) - feminine

3. Masculine (natural meaning is masculine)

ле а др → аша (diminutive of some Russian names)

Neuter nouns with feminine endings:

рем - time, лем - tribe

1. Define the gender of the nouns below:

2. Define the gender (grammatical) of the countries below:

3. Define the gender of the highlighted nouns.

1) Ты рочи ал оё п сьмо (neut.)? Did you read my letter?

4. Define the gender of the nouns:

5. Define the gender of the fallowing nouns:

6. Define the gender of the nouns.

1) Я оче ь лю лю в ноград (____). I like grapes a lot.

7. Put the nouns in the right column.

а ь mother е ро metro х до и artist/painter

masculine feminine neuter

8. Define the gender of the nouns:

1) Э о е о дро д (____), о оро о ы

1. Define the gender of the nouns below:

2. Define the gender (grammatical) of the countries below:

3. Define the gender of the highlighted nouns.

1) Ты рочи ал оё п сьмо (neut.)? Did you read my letter?

4. Define the gender of the nouns:

5. Define the gender of the fallowing nouns:

6. Define the gender of the nouns.

1) Я оче ь лю лю в ноград (masc.). I like grapes a lot.

7. Put the nouns in the right column.

а ь mother е ро metro х до и artist/painter

masculine feminine neuter

8. Define the gender of the nouns:

1) Э о е о дро д (masc.), о оро о ы

мама - mother дружба - friendship надежда - hope любовь - love

masculine feminine neuter

consonant / -й / -ь -а / -я / -ия / -ь -о / -е / -ие

Subject (nom.case) verb meaning

голубь - a dove, the dove

кот - a cat, the cat

5. No verb "to be" in present tense:

Subject No verb to be Meaning

6. The word order is very flexible.

The dog is running in the yard

1. Underline the subject of each Russian sentence:

1) Э о о ое аль о It is a new coat

2. Insert the correct word in nominative case in the following sentences:

ош а cat чи ель teacher з tooth

1) Э о о ая ___________ It is a new hospital

3. Insert the correct word in nominative case in the following sentences:

а spider ра ей ant а duck

1) Большой __________ е и о е е A big spider is running on the wall

4. Insert the correct word in nominative case in the following sentences:

х ал ер accountant е ец singer олицей ий policeman

1) ___________ чи ае и A teacher is reading a book

1. Underline the subject of each Russian sentence:

1) Э о о ое пальто It is a new coat

2. Insert the correct word in nominative case in the following sentences:

ош а cat чи ель teacher з tooth

1) Э о о ая больн ца It is a new hospital