Chemo/XRT/ Surgery flashcards | Quizlet

Page 1 of 6

Quizlet
Share these flashcards
Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Link or embed
Email to...
Send

Flashcards: Chemo/XRT/ Surgery

Both Sides

Set Champions
Scatter Champion 64.8 secs by elaineyip1001

Antineoplastic agents

Chemical agents (cytotoxics, immuniologic preparations, hormones) or meds used to prevent the development, maturation or spread of neoplastic cells

Most Right Answers (Test & Learn) 37 answers by elaineyip1001

About these flashcards

Created by: elaineyip1001 on February 12, 2011

Most missed words

1. Plant alkaloids and terpenoids (chemo) These alkaloids are derived from plants and

1/46

block cell division by preventing microtubule function. Microtubules are vital for cell division, and, without them, cell division cannot occur. The main examples are vinca alkaloids and taxanes. - 1
miss

Subjects: chemo/xrt/ surgery

Log in to favorite or report as inappropriate.

Speller new!
Pop out

Discuss
No Messages

Study:

Learn Test Scatter

2. Surgery with pancreas gastroparesis, fluid & lyte imbalance,

Play Games:
Space Race

hyperglycemia, fat malabsorption, Vit A, D, E, K, B12, Ca, Zn, iron malabsorption, chyle leak

All 46 terms
Print List Terms You must log in to discuss this set. Antineoplastic agents Print Cards Definitions Chemical agents (cytotoxics, immuniologic preparations, hormones) or meds used to prevent the development, maturation or spread of neoplastic cells Export Combine

- 1 miss 3. Antimitotic agents (chemo) Cytotoxic chemo - vincristine, vinorelbine, paclitaxel, docetaxel Myelosuppression, anorexia, N/V/D, mucositis, fatigue, peripheral neuropathy - 1
miss

Chemotherapy agents are categorized according to their potential to induce nausea & vomiting. Highly emetogenic chemo: (A car can cycle and dance. Dog

High risk >90% Moderate risk 30-90% Low risk 10-30% Minimal risk <10%

4. Antineoplastics (chemo) Altretamine Carmustine Cisplatin Cyclophosphamide >1500mg/m2 Dacarbazine These include the immunosuppressant dactinomycin (which is used in kidney

http://quizlet.com/4401476/chemoxrt-surgery-flash-cards/

7/17/2011

Chemo/XRT/ Surgery flashcards | Quizlet

& merchant proclaim strength) Doxorubicin Mechlorethamine Procarbazine Streptozocin Oxaliplatin Cytarabine >1gm/m2 Carboplatin Ifosfamide Cyclophosphamide <1500mg/m2 Doxorubicin Daunorubicin Epirubicin Idarubicin Irinotecan Paclitaxel Docetaxel Topotecan Etoposide Methotrexate Mitomycin Gemcitabine Cytarabine Bleomycin Busulfan Fludarabine Vinblastine Vincristine Vinorelbine Bevacizumab occurs more than 24 hours after chemotherapy. Patients at highest risk for delayed N&V include those receiving cyclophosphamide, cisplatin, doxorubicin and ifosfamide. N/V, elevated BG caused by steriod, fatigue, loss of appetite, late effects (>90 days after treatment), HA, lethargy Xerostoma, sore mouth & throat, dysphagai, odynophagia, mucositis, altered tastes & smell, fatigue, loss of appetite, late effects, mucosal atrophy, dryness & ulceration, salivary glands xerostomia, fibrosis, osteoradionecrosis, trismus, altered taste & smell dysphagia, odynophagia, heartburn, fatigue, loss of appetite, late effects, esophogeal fibrosis, stenosis, neocrosis, cardiac angina, pericarditis, cardiac enlargement, pulmonary dry cough, fibrosis, PNA N/V, D, cramping, bloating, gas, increases urinary frequency, burning, acute colitis or enteritis, lactose intolerance, fatigue, loss of appetite, late effect, D, malabsorption, maldigestion, chroinc colitis or enteritis, GI stricture, ulceration, obstruction, perforation, fistula, urinary hematuria, cystitis transplantations),

Page 2 of 6
doxorubicin, epirubicin, bleomycin and others. - 1
miss

Moderate emetogenic chemo:

Low emetogenic chemo:

Minimal emetogenic chemo:

Delayed nausea and vomiting:

XRT to Central nervous system (brain & spinal cord) CA

XRT to head & neck

XRT to Thorax (esophagus, lung, breast)

XRT to Abd & pelvis

http://quizlet.com/4401476/chemoxrt-surgery-flash-cards/

7/17/2011

Chemo/XRT/ Surgery flashcards | Quizlet

Surgery with gastric CA dumping sydrome, dehydration, early satiety, gastroparesiss, fat malabsorption, vit, mineral malabsorption (Vit b12, D, Ca, iron) gastroparesis, hyperglycemia, fluid & lyte, fat malabsorption, vit, min malabsorption (vit b12, A, D, E, K, Mg, Zinc, Ca iron) hyperglycemia, hyper-TG, fluid & lytes imbalance, Vit/min malabsorption Vit A, D, E, K, B12, folic acid, Mg, Zinc) gastroparesis, fluid & lyte imbalance, hyperglycemia, fat malabsorption, Vit A, D, E, K, B12, Ca, Zn, iron malabsorption, chyle leak lactose intolerance, bile acid depletion, D, fluid & lyte imbalance, Vit b12, A, D, E, K, Ca, iron, Zn malabsorption increased transit time, D, dehydration, bloating, cramping, fluid/ lytes imbalance, Vit b12, Na, K, Mg, Ca malabsorption early satiety, bloating cramping, gas N/V gastroparesis, indigestion/ acid reflux, altered swallowing decreased motility, anastomotic leak systemic therapy, not limited to malignant tissue, cells w/ rapid turnover are most affected (bone marrow, hair follicles, mucosa of GI tract) Side effect- myelosuppression, Fatigue, N/V, loss of appetite, mucositis, changes in taste & smell, xerostomia, dysphagia, changes in BM can be delivered externally or internally by placing a radioactive implant in the body next to the tumor -Affects only the tumor & surrounding tissue - Side effects usually begins in 2nd -4th weeks after XRT, can occur even years after treatment - fatigue, loss of appetite, skin changes, hair loss in the area being treated promising type of treatment for certain cancers. It is sometimes called biologic therapy, biotherapy, or biological response modifier therapy. These therapies use different parts of the body's immune

Page 3 of 6

Surgery with gallbladder & bile duct

Surgery with hepatocellular

Surgery with pancreas

surgery w/ SB

Surgery w/ colorectal CA surgery w/ gyneocologic CA surgery with brain CA surgery with esophagus CA

chemo

XRT

Immunotherapy

http://quizlet.com/4401476/chemoxrt-surgery-flash-cards/

7/17/2011

Chemo/XRT/ Surgery flashcards | Quizlet

system to fight cancer or to lessen the side effects of some cancer treatments. Ex: interferons, interleukins, cytokines, monoclonal antibodies, or tumor necrosis factor. neo-adjuvant chemotherapy adjuvant chemotherapy Make a tumor smaller before surgery or radiation therapy. Destroy cancer cells that may remain after surgery or radiation therapy. Compazine, Haldol, Xanaz, Phenergan, Marinol, Zofran, Reglan, Benadryl, Emend, Anzemet, Decadron, Kytril alkylating agents, antimetabolites, plant alkaloids, topoisomerase inhibitors, antimitotic agents A type of chemo. - ability to alkylate many nucleophilic functional groups. They impair cell function by forming covalent bonds with the amino, carboxyl, sulfhydryl, and phosphate groups in biologically important molecules.[8] Example: Cytotoxic chemo cisplatin, ifosfamide, cyclosphosphamide, busulfan Side effects: Myelosuppression, anorexia, N/V, fatigue, renal toxicities A type of chemo. - masquerade as purines or pyrimidinesthe building blocks of DNA. They prevent these substances from becoming incorporated in to DNA , stopping normal development and division. They also affect RNA synthesis. Example: Cytotoxic chemo - 5Fluorouracil, methotrexate, fludarabine Side effect: Myelosuppression, anorexia, N/V/D, mucositis, fatigue, These alkaloids are derived from plants and block cell division by preventing microtubule function. Microtubules are vital for cell division, and, without them, cell division cannot occur. The main examples are vinca alkaloids and taxanes. Topoisomerases are essential enzymes that maintain the topology of DNA. Inhibition of type I or type II topoisomerases interferes with both transcription and replication of DNA by upsetting proper DNA

Page 4 of 6

Antiemetics

Types of chemo

Alkylating agents (chemo)

Antimetabolites (chemo)

Plant alkaloids and terpenoids (chemo)

http://quizlet.com/4401476/chemoxrt-surgery-flash-cards/

7/17/2011

Chemo/XRT/ Surgery flashcards | Quizlet

supercoiling. * Some type I topoisomerase inhibitors include camptothecins: irinotecan and topotecan. * Examples of type II inhibitors include amsacrine, etoposide, etoposide phosphate, and teniposide. These include the immunosuppressant dactinomycin (which is used in kidney transplantations), doxorubicin, epirubicin, bleomycin and others. Cytotoxic chemo - vincristine, vinorelbine, paclitaxel, docetaxel Myelosuppression, anorexia, N/V/D, mucositis, fatigue, peripheral neuropathy is a type of treatment that mobilizes the body's immune system to fight cancer. trigger the immune system to indirectly affect tumors. These include cytokines such as interferons and interleukins. This strategy involves giving larger amounts of these substances by injection or infusion in the hope of stimulating the cells of the immune system to act more effectively. Immunologic-biologic response modifiers. Cytokines. Myelosuppression, anorexia, N/V, flulike symptoms Immunologic therapy-biologic response modifiers. Cytokines. Myelosuppression, anorexia,V, hypotension, chills, fatigue, capillary leak syndrome Immunologic therapy, targeted therapies -biologic response modifiers Rituximab, trastuzumab Myelosuppression, anorexia, N/V, fever, chills, rash Immunologic therapy. substances that stimulate the production of blood cells and promote their ability to function. They do not directly affect tumors but through their role in stimulating blood cells they can be helpful as support of the persons immune system during cancer treatment. based on the observation that receptors for specific hormones that are needed for cell growth are on the surface of some tumor cells. -Glucocorticoids, Antiandrogens, Antiestrogens,

Page 5 of 6

Topoisomerase inhibitors (chemo)

Antineoplastics (chemo)

Antimitotic agents (chemo)

Immunotherapy (Biologic Response Modifiers ColonyStimulating Factors & Tumor Vaccines)

Interferon alfa

Interleukin

Monclonal antibodies

ColonyStimulating Factors

Hormonal

http://quizlet.com/4401476/chemoxrt-surgery-flash-cards/

7/17/2011

Chemo/XRT/ Surgery flashcards | Quizlet

therapy Progestins, Gonadotropin -Na & fluid retention, GI upset, glucose intolerance, K wasting, osteoporosis, N/D, hot flashes, N, bone pain, hot flashes, hypercalcemia, Increased appetite a chemotherapy drug works by blocking activation of folic acid. interferes with folic acid activation, preventing cell reproduction. Vit B12 may also interact. cause damage to the gastrointestinal mucosa mucositis As an antioxidant, vitamin C may interfere with the effects of some drugs taken for chemotherapy; however, some researchers speculate that vitamin C might help make chemotherapy more effective. may reduce certain side effects of 5-fluorouracil and doxorubicin, - can help prevent neuropathy, dosages higher than 300 mg daily may interfere with cisplatin 1. Serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonist (Ondansetron, dolasetron, granisetron, palonosetron) (ends w/ setron) 2. Dexamethasone (corticosteroid) 3. Aprepitant (NK1 receptor antagonist) most effective in the prevention and treatment of chemotherapy. Act in the gut to block the transmission of chemical signals to the vomiting center in the brain. Zofran, Kytril, Anzemet antiemetics. stimulate emptying of the bowel. Compazine & Haldol.

Page 6 of 6

Methotrexate

Vit C & chemo

Vitamin B6

three-drug combination antiemetics

Serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonist

Dopamine receptor antagonists (Phenothiazines) 3 classes of chemo most likely to cause mucostis/ stomatitis

Antimetabolites, DNA interactive (antibiotics), tubulininteractive anti-mitotic) agents.

http://quizlet.com/4401476/chemoxrt-surgery-flash-cards/

7/17/2011