HYBRID SOLAR WIND ELECTRICITY GENERATOR HYBRID SOLAR WIND ELECTRICITY GENERATOR (A GREAT REVOLUTION IN THE FIELD OF RENEWABLE

ENERGY) ABSTRACT: Man in his lifetime, uses energy in one form or the other. In fact whatever happens in nature, results, out of the conversion of energy in one form or the other? The extensive usage of energy has resulted in an energy crisis, and there is a need to develop methods of optimal utilization, which will not only ease the crisis but also preserve the environment. Several renewable energy resources like solar energy and wind energy etc are being used to obtain electricity. But these systems are expensive and also have low efficiency. Another major disadvantage is that these systems cannot be installed everywhere as each of them require specific working conditions. The objective of our project Hybrid solar wind electricity generator is to simultaneously, use two different sources of energy namely solar energy and wind energy for generation of electricity. This innovation is one of the master keys to unlock the energy crises of todays world. Hybrid solar wind electricity generator works on the principle of gas expansion and mechanics. The total system consists of a centre cylinder made up of steel with bevel gear fitted on to it. And a projection cylinder painted black to absorb maximum solar radiation and also have fins on the top and bottom surfaces to enable enhanced rotation using wind energy. The projection cylinders are fitted on the top of the centre cylinder. The entire process occurs inside the cylinder. Carbon dioxide is sealed inside the cylinder and is used as a working medium. When the cylinder is exposed to solar energy, carbon dioxide expands due to increase in temperature. This creates force which in turn moves a load to the end of the cylinder. Thus due to unstable equilibrium a rotational movement is obtained. This rotational movement is in turn used to produce electricity. The most astonishing fact is that, this rotation can be obtained from wind energy too. Thus both these sources of energy are used to drive this system.

INTRODUCTION: The world has already had its share of its energy resources. Fossil fuels pollute the environment. Nuclear energy requires careful handling of both raw as well as waste material. The focus now is shifting more and more towards the renewable sources of energy, which are essentially, non- polluting. The objective of our paper Hybrid solar wind electricity generator

is to simultaneously, use two different sources of energy namely solar energy and wind energy for generation of electricity. RELATED WORK: There are very few hybrid systems used throughout the world. They use solar panels to harness solar energy and turbines to harness wind energy. But there capital cost is very high. This concept of using a single system to harness two different sources of energy using mechanics has never been attempted before. CONSTRUCTION COMPONENTS: CENTER CYLINDER: This is the basic component of the construction. This cylinder is made up of steel and is fitted into ball bearing. There is an extended portion of the cylinder at the top where the projection cylinder is placed. The centre cylinder has the bevel gear fitted on to it to enable power generation using alternator.

PROJECTION CYLINDER: They are fitted on the top of the centre cylinder. They contain the spring and load set up inside them along with empty space for the gas expansion. The diameter of each cylinder is 60 mm. They are made of steel and painted black in order to absorb maximum solar radiation. They also have fins on the top and bottom surfaces to enable rotation using wind energy.

SPRING AND LOAD: A spring is an elastic object used to store mechanical energy. In this system the role of spring is to push the load back to normal position. Compression spring is used here. Weight is placed inside the cylinder over the spring in order to compress it. The load is made up of steel weighing 1.33 kg. Due to expansion of the gas, the load is moved to the end of the cylinder thus helps to create the leverage. The movement of weight causes change in equilibrium which helps in obtaining the rotational motion.

BALL BEARING and GENERATOR:

A ball bearing is an engineering term referring to a type of rolling-element bearing which uses

balls to maintain the separation between moving parts of the bearing. The purpose of a ball bearing is to reduce rotational friction and support radial and axial loads. A generator is an electromechanical device that converts mechanical energy to alternating current electrical energy. WORKING WITH SOLAR ENERGY: When the cylinder is exposed to solar energy, the carbon dioxide present inside the cylinder expands. This as a result pushes the load to the end of the cylinder. Due to the imbalance created, the cylinder loses its equilibrium state. This imbalance creates a rotational motion on the main cylinder from which output is obtained. Thus whenever there is a temperature difference this process gets initiated. The different stages of working, inside the cylinder are shown below. WORKING WITH WIND ENERGY: This system will begin to rotate using the leverage obtained from the solar energy usage, but this may not generate a high speed of rotation hence fins are provided on each of the projection cylinders to increase the surface area and enable faster rotation using wind energy. Wind power usually plays the major role in obtaining the power. Thus wind energy also assists in providing the rotational motion. HYBRID WORKING: As we have seen the individual working, the system has the potential to work on both sources of energy. After the expansion process inside the cylinder, the weight moves to the end and creates the imbalance and causes rotation of the set up. Now when there is additional wind energy, the fins enable the system to rotate faster. Thus this system eliminates the major disadvantage of earlier systems being dependent only on one source of energy. The system integrates the energy from both sources and enables HYBRID WORKING.

POWER GENERATION: The generation of electricity can be done in two methods. One method is to use an armature and alternator setup just below the vertical axis of the cylinder so that the armature

rotates during the rotation of the set up. But this method may be disadvantageous during rain as there is risk of shock and damage to armature. So another effective method is to use level gear mechanism to generate power when the system rotates. PRESSURE CALCULATIONS: INITIAL STAGE: (All dimensions are in mm) From ideal gas law, PV=m RT Mass of the gas, m =0.5grms Volume of gas before expansion = *r^2*h = *.03^2*.25 V1 =.0007065 m3 For Co2, R=185 Temperature, T1=300K P1 (.0007065) =.00005*185*300 Thus P1=.040186 bar Hence initially, Pressure=.040186 bar Volume=.0007065 m3 Temperature=300 k INTERMEDIATE STAGE: In this stage the temperature increases hence the gas expands. Let us assume that is ther s no volume change. P2v2 = m RT P2(.000765)=.05*10.3*189*303.5 P2=.040117547 bar Hence, Pressure =.04017547 bar Volume = .0007065 m3 Temperature =300.5 k In this stage the volume occupied by Co2 increases as shown in figure, (All dimensions are in mm) Hence, Volume= *r^2*h =* .03^2*.340 V3=.00115m3 P3 /p2=(v2\v3)^1.3 P3/.04017547= (.0007065/.00115)^1.3 P3=.02132 bar Hence at final stage, pressure =.02132 bar Volume=.00115 m3 FORCE CALCULATIONS: Force developed to move the load is obtained from the pressure created by the carbon di oxide due to its expansion. Hence, force= change in pressure/area = (p3-p2)/A = (.040186.04017)/(( *d2)/4) Force= 566.17N Hence a force of 566.17N is required to move the load. WORK DONE: Thus due to the gas expansion there will be work done by the system. Work

done= (p2v2-p3v3)/(n-1) =((4.017*.0007065)-(2.13*.00115))/(1.3-1) Work done =1.295J FINAL DESIGN OF PROJECTION CYLINDER: POWER CALCULATION: Power P= (2*3.14*N*T)/60 Rated speed N =600 rpm Torque =20 Nm Hence, P= (2*3.14*600*20)/60 P= 1256 watts Thus the rated power obtained from this system is approximately 1000 watts. CONCLUSION: Power shortage has been a major problem in the recent past. There have been several efforts put in tapping renewable energy sources. Hybrid system like this, which can provide uninterrupted energy supply, will be of great use in industries. This system is cost effective and has got high efficiency. We believe that this hybrid system will create a great revolution in the field of renewable energy.

Power shortage has been a major problem in the recent past. There have been several efforts put in tapping renewable energy sources. Hybrid system like this, which can provide uninterrupted energy supply, will be of great use in industries. This system is cost effective and has got high efficiency. We believe that this hybrid system will create a great revolution in the field of renewable energy.