1.

Digestion - is the mechanical and chemical breaking down of food into smaller components that can be absorbed into the blood stream. Digestion is a form of catabolism: a break-down of larger food molecules to smaller ones.

6. Molars - are the rearmost and most complicated kind of tooth in most mammals. In many mammals they grind food; hence the Latin name mola, "millstone". 7. Premolar Teeth or bicuspids - are transitional teeth located between the canine and molar teeth. In humans, there are two premolars per quadrant, making eight premolars total in the mouth. Premolars can be considered as a 'transitional tooth' during chewing, or mastication. 8. Peristalsis - is a radially symmetrical contraction of muscles which propagates in a wave down the muscular tube. In humans, peristalsis is found in the contraction of smooth muscles to propel contents through the digestive tract. 9. Anti peristalsis is the reverse of the involuntary smooth muscle contractions of peristalsis. It usually occurs as a precursor to vomiting. 10. Proteinase - A protease (also termed peptidase or proteinase) breaks down proteins. A protease is any enzyme that conducts proteolysis, that is, begins protein catabolism by hydrolysis of the peptide bonds that link amino acids together in the polypeptide chain forming the protein. 11. Lipase - is a water-soluble enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of ester chemical bonds in water-insoluble lipid substrates. Lipases perform essential roles in the digestion, transport and processing of dietary lipids (e.g. triglycerides, fats, oils) in most, if not all, living organisms. 12. Salivary glands are glands with ducts, that produce saliva. They also secrete amylase, an enzyme that breaks down starch into maltose.

2. Mechanical Digestion is the breaking down of food into smaller pieces. Example: our teeth break down food into smaller pieces. 3. Chemical Digestion is the breaking down of large food molecules into smaller food molecules. Example: Carbohydrates from rice or bread will be broken down into simple sugars such as glucose, fructose or sucrose with the help of the digestive enzymes in our body. 4. Incisors - (from Latin incidere, "to cut") are the first kind of tooth in heterodont mammals. They are located in the premaxilla above and mandible below. 5. Canine Teeth - also called cuspids, dogteeth, fangs, or (in the case of those of the upper jaw) eye teeth, are relatively long, pointed teeth. They evolved and are used primarily for firmly holding food in order to tear it apart, and occasionally as weapons. They are often the largest teeth in a mammal's mouth. Most species that develop them normally have four per individual, two in the upper jaw and two in the lower.

13. Parotid glands - is the largest of the salivary glands. It is found wrapped around the mandibular ramus, and it secretes saliva through Stensen's duct into the oral cavity, to facilitate mastication and swallowing. 14. Sublingual glands - are a pair of glands located beneath the tongue to the submandibular glands. The secretion produced is mainly mucous in nature, however it is categorized as a mixed gland. Unlike the other two major glands, the ductal system of the sublingual glands do not have striated ducts, and exit from 8-20 excretory ducts. Approximately 5% of saliva entering the oral cavity come from these glands.. 15. Submaxillary glands - also known as submandibular glands are a pair of glands located beneath the lower jaws, superior to the digastric muscles. The secretion produced is a mixture of both serous fluid and mucus, and enters the oral cavity via Wharton's ducts. Approximately 70% of saliva in the oral cavity is produced by the submandibular glands, even though they are much smaller than the parotid glands. * A sphincter is a structure, usually a circular muscle that normally maintains constriction of a natural body passage or orifice and which relaxes as required by normal physiological functioning. There are over 50 different sphincters in the human body; some of these sphincters are microscopic in size, in particular the pre capillary sphincters. 16. Cardiac Sphincter - or lower esophageal sphincter, is located at the upper portion of the stomach. This sphincter prevents the acidic contents of the stomach from moving upward into the esophagus. 17. Pyloric Sphincter is located at the lower end of the stomach connects to the duodenum.

18. Chyme - is the semifluid mass of partly digested food expelled by the stomach into the duodenum. In other words, chyme is partially-digested food. 19. Bile also known as gall is a bitter-tasting dark pink to yellowish brown fluid, produced by the liver of most vertebrates, that aids the process of digestion of lipids in the small intestine. It is stored in the gall bladder. 20. Emulsion - is a mixture of two or more immiscible (unblendable) liquids. Emulsions are part of a more general class of two-phase systems of matter called colloids.

Assignment of Dean Jullian C. Cruz II St. Thomas